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User Manual
X8821e/X8821m
X8824e/X8824m
Broadband Gateway
ADSL/ ADSL2+ Bridge/Router
With one Ethernet port
or one Ethernet port plus
one USB 1.1 device port
Issue 1.0
11st Jan. 2007
I
X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
XAVi Technologies Corporation
Tel: +886-2-2995-7953
9F, No. 129, Hsing Te Road, Sanchung City,
Taipei County 241,
Taiwan
Copyright © 2007, XAVi Technologies Corporation
Information in this manual is subject to change without notice. No part of this manual may be reproduced
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or scanning,
for any purpose, without the written permission of XAVi Technologies Corporation.
XAVi Technologies Corporation provides this documentation without warranty of any kind, implied or
expressed, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose.
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
Table of Contents
1
Introduction................................................................................................. 1
Features ................................................................................................................................1
Device Requirements ...........................................................................................................2
Using this Document.............................................................................................................2
Notational conventions .................................................................................................................. 2
Typographical conventions............................................................................................................ 2
Special messages.......................................................................................................................... 2
2
Getting to know the device........................................................................ 3
Parts Check...........................................................................................................................3
X8821e/X8821m Front Panel...............................................................................................4
X8821e/X8821m Rear Panel ...............................................................................................5
X8824e/X8824m Front Panel...............................................................................................6
X8824e/X8824m Rear Panel ...............................................................................................7
3
Connecting your device............................................................................. 8
Connecting the Hardware.....................................................................................................8
Step 1. Connect the DSL cable ..................................................................................................... 9
Step 2. Connect the Ethernet cable .............................................................................................. 9
Step 3. Attach the power connector .............................................................................................. 9
Step 4. Configure your Ethernet PCs............................................................................................ 9
Step 5. Install an USB driver (for X8824e/X8824m only).............................................................. 9
Next step........................................................................................................................................ 9
4
Getting Started with the Web pages....................................................... 10
Accessing the Web pages..................................................................................................10
Commonly used buttons.....................................................................................................12
Help information..................................................................................................................12
Testing your Setup..............................................................................................................13
Default device settings........................................................................................................14
5
Home .......................................................................................................... 15
Overview Page....................................................................................................................15
Basic Overview ............................................................................................................................ 15
Firmware Upgrade ..............................................................................................................16
Upgrading the firmware ............................................................................................................... 16
6
Configuration ............................................................................................ 17
Quick Setup.........................................................................................................................17
Configuring ATM PVC ................................................................................................................. 18
Configuring the Connection Type................................................................................................ 18
Configuring the WAN IP Settings if PPP over ATM (PPPoA) or PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE).. 18
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
Configuring the WAN IP Settings if RFC1483 (Routed) ............................................................. 22
Configuring the WAN IP Settings if Bridging ............................................................................... 23
Local Network (LAN) Page.................................................................................................24
IP Address ................................................................................................................................... 24
DHCP server................................................................................................................................ 25
Internet Connection Page...................................................................................................27
Connections................................................................................................................................. 27
ADSL Configuration..................................................................................................................... 28
MAC Spoofing.............................................................................................................................. 29
Security Configuration ........................................................................................................30
IP Filter......................................................................................................................................... 30
Domain Filter................................................................................................................................ 32
Advanced Security Configuration.......................................................................................33
DMZ Host..................................................................................................................................... 33
Port Forwarding ........................................................................................................................... 34
IP Routing............................................................................................................................36
Static Routing............................................................................................................................... 36
Dynamic Routing ......................................................................................................................... 37
DNS Client ..........................................................................................................................38
IGMP Proxy.........................................................................................................................38
DNS Relay ..........................................................................................................................39
SNTP...................................................................................................................................40
SNTP Server................................................................................................................................ 40
SNTP client .................................................................................................................................. 41
Quality of Service................................................................................................................42
7
System ....................................................................................................... 44
Admin Password.................................................................................................................44
Reset & Restart...................................................................................................................45
Backup Configuration .........................................................................................................46
Remote Access...................................................................................................................48
8
Status ......................................................................................................... 49
Broadband Line...................................................................................................................49
Internet Connection ............................................................................................................50
Traffic Status .......................................................................................................................50
DHCP Table........................................................................................................................51
Routing Table......................................................................................................................51
ARP Table...........................................................................................................................52
A
Appendix A - Configuring the Internet Settings.................................... 53
Configuring Ethernet PCs...................................................................................................53
Before you begin.......................................................................................................................... 53
Windows® XP PCs...................................................................................................................... 53
Windows 2000 PCs ..................................................................................................................... 53
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
Windows Me PCs ........................................................................................................................ 54
Windows 95, 98 PCs ................................................................................................................... 54
Windows NT 4.0 workstations ..................................................................................................... 55
Assigning static Internet information to your PCs ....................................................................... 56
Configuring USB PC...........................................................................................................57
Connecting a computer to the USB port ..................................................................................... 57
Part 1. Installing the USB Driver.................................................................................................. 57
Part 2. Configuring IP properties on the USB PC ....................................................................... 58
B
Appendix B - IP Addresses, Network Masks, and Subnets ................. 59
IP Addresses.......................................................................................................................59
Structure of an IP address........................................................................................................... 59
Network classes........................................................................................................................... 59
Subnet masks .....................................................................................................................60
C
Appendix C - Troubleshooting................................................................ 61
Troubleshooting Suggestions.............................................................................................61
Diagnosing Problem using IP Utilities ................................................................................63
Ping .............................................................................................................................................. 63
nslookup....................................................................................................................................... 63
D
Appendix D - Advanced DSL port attributes ......................................... 65
E
Appendix E - Glossary ............................................................................. 70
F
Appendix F - Specification ...................................................................... 79
G
Appendix G - Warranties.......................................................................... 81
H
Appendix H - Regulation.......................................................................... 83
I
Appendix I - Contact information............................................................ 86
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
1
Introduction
Congratulations on becoming the owner of the X8821e/X8821m or X8824e/X8824m,
ADSL router. You will now be able to access the Internet using your high-speed DSL
connection.
This User Guide will show you how to connect your X8821e/X8821m/X8824e/X8824m
DSL Modem, and how to customize its configuration to get the most out of your new
product.
These four models are covered by this user manual:
X8821e/X8821m: ADSL2+ and 1 Ethernet port .
X8824e/X8824m: ADSL2+, 1 Ethernet port and 1 USB port.
X8821m and X8824m support additional features for remote management.
Features
The list below contains the main features of the device and may be useful to users with
knowledge of networking protocols. If you are not an experienced user, the chapters
throughout this guide will provide you with enough information to get the most out of your
device.
The features include:
•
High Speed Asymmetrical Data Transmission on Twisted Copper Pair Wire
•
Service providers can deploy ADSL rapidly over existing wire infrastructure
(POTS or ISDN line)
•
Compatible and interoperable with most central office site ADSL DSLAM or
Multi-service Access Systems.
•
RFC 1483 Bridge and Routing over ATM over ADSL
•
PPPoE and PPPoA Routing over ADSL
•
Interchangeable between Bridge and Router mode
•
Network address translation (NAT) functions to provide security for your LAN
•
Network configuration through DHCP Server and DHCP Client
•
Services including IP route and DNS configuration, RIP, and IP and DSL
performance monitoring
•
Support IP QoS for multiple services and bandwidth sensitive applications
•
Configuration and management with Telnet through the Ethernet interface, and
remote Telnet through ADSL interface
•
Firmware upgradeable through TFTP, HTTP
•
User-friendly configuration program accessed via a web browser
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
Device Requirements
In order to use the X8821e/X8821m or X8824e/X8824m, you must have the following:
•
DSL service up and running on your telephone line
•
Instructions from your ISP on what type of Internet access you will be using, and
the addresses needed to set up access
•
One or more computers, each containing an Ethernet card (10Base-T/100BaseT network interface card (NIC)).
•
For system configuration using the supplied web-based program: a web browser
such as Internet Explorer v4 or later, or Netscape v4 or later. Note that version 4
of each browser is the minimum version requirement – for optimum display
quality, use Internet Explorer v5, or Netscape v6.1
You do need to use a hub or switch in order to connect more than one
Ethernet PC to the DSL device. You may also use the USB port of DSL
device connecting to the PC (X8824e/X8824m only).
Note
Using this Document
Notational conventions
•
Acronyms are defined the first time they appear in the text and also in the
glossary.
•
For brevity, the X8821e/X8824m/X8824e/X8824m is referred to as “the device”.
•
The term LAN refers to a group of Ethernet-connected computers at one site.
Typographical conventions
•
Italic text is used for items you select from menus and drop-down lists and the
names of displayed web pages.
•
Bold text is used for text strings that you type when prompted by the program,
and to emphasize important points.
Special messages
This document uses the following icons to draw your attention to specific instructions or
explanations.
Provides clarifying or non-essential information on the current topic.
Note
Definition
Explains terms or acronyms that may be unfamiliar to many readers.
These terms are also included in the Glossary.
Provides messages of high importance, including messages relating to
personal safety or system integrity.
WARNING
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
2
Getting to know the device
Parts Check
In addition to this document, your package should arrive containing the following:
•
X8821e/X8821m or X8824e/X8824m DSL Modem
•
Standard phone/DSL line cable
•
Ethernet cable
•
USB cable (for X8824e/X8824m only)
•
Power adapter
•
User Manual CD
X8821e or X8821m or
X8824e or X8824m
ADSL device unit
RJ-11 Cable
RJ-45 Cable
USB cable (X8824e/X8824m only)
Power adapter
User’s Manual CD
Figure 1: DSL Modem Package Contents
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
X8821e/X8821m Front Panel
The front panel contains lights called Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) that indicate the
status of the unit.
Figure 2: X8821e/X8821m Front Panel and LEDs
Label
Color
Function
PWR
(power)
green
On: device is powered on
Off: device is powered off
WAN
green
On: DSL link reaches showtime, which means
that your device has successfully connected
to your ISP’s DSL network.
Off: DSL link not in showtime, your device has
not successfully connected to your ISP’s DSL
network.
Blink: Try to connect to ISP’s DSL network
PPP
green
On: PPP SYNC UP
Off: NO PPP link
Blink: Valid IP packet being transmitted
LAN
green
On: LAN link established and active
Off: No LAN link
Blink: Data being transmitted
ALM
red
On: Error occurred
Blink: booting up
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
X8821e/X8821m Rear Panel
The X8821e/X8821m rear panel contains the ports for the unit's data and power
connections.
Figure 3: X8821e/X8821m Rear Panel
Label
Function
WAN
Connects to the ISP DSL network Connects to the
supplied power adapter
RESET
A reset button to reset the device or reset to default
settings
ETHERNET
Connects the device via Ethernet to your devices (PC
or switch) in LAN
POWER
Connects to the supplied power adapter
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
X8824e/X8824m Front Panel
The front panel contains lights called Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) that indicate the
status of the unit.
Figure 4: X8824e/X8824m Front Panel and LEDs
Label
Color
Function
Power
green
On: device is powered on
Off: device is powered off
WAN
green
On: DSL link reaches showtime, which means
that your device has successfully connected
to your ISP’s DSL network.
Off: DSL link not in showtime, your device has
not successfully connected to your ISP’s DSL
network.
Blink: Try to connect to ISP’s DSL network
PPP
green
On: PPP SYNC UP
Off: NO PPP link
Blink: Valid IP packet being transmitted
LAN
green
On: LAN link established and active
Off: No LAN link
Blink: Data being transmitted
USB
green
On: USB link established and active
Off: No LAN link
Blink: Data being transmitted
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
X8824e/X8824m Rear Panel
The X8824e/X8824m rear panel contains the ports for the unit's data and power
connections.
Figure 5: X8824e/X8824m Rear Panel
Label
Function
WAN
Connects to the ISP DSL network Connects to the
supplied power adapter
USB
Connects to PC
RESET
A reset button to reset the device or reset to default
settings
ETHERNET
Connects the device via Ethernet to your devices (PC
or switch) in LAN
Power Jack
Connects to the supplied power adapter
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
3
Connecting your device
This chapter provides basic instructions for connecting the device to a computer or LAN
and to the Internet.
In addition to configuring the device, you need to configure the Internet properties of your
computer(s). For more details, see the following sections in Appendix A:
•
Configuring Ethernet PCs section
•
Configuring USB PCs section
This chapter assumes that you have already established a DSL service with your Internet
service provider (ISP). These instructions provide a basic configuration that should be
compatible with your home or small office network setup. Refer to the subsequent
chapters for additional configuration instructions.
Connecting the Hardware
This section describes how to connect the device to the power outlet and your
computer(s) or network.
Before you begin, turn the power off for all devices. These include
your computer(s), your LAN hub/switch (if applicable), and the device.
WARNING
The diagram below illustrates the hardware connections. The layout of the ports on your
device may vary from the layout shown. Refer to the steps that follow for specific
instructions.
USB
ADSL Outlet
PC
Power Supply
Figure 6: Overview of Hardware Connections for X8824e/X8824m
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
Step 1. Connect the DSL cable
Connect the DSL cable to the port labeled DSL on the rear panel of the device. Connect
the other end to ADSL spliter.
Step 2. Connect the Ethernet cable
Connect to computer or to a HUB/Switch directly to the device via Ethernet cable(s).
Step 3. Attach the power connector
Connect the AC power adapter to the Power connector on the back of the device and
plug the adapter into a wall outlet or power strip. Turn on and boot up your computer(s)
and any LAN devices such as hubs or switches.
Step 4. Configure your Ethernet PCs
You must also configure the Internet properties on your Ethernet PCs. See Configuring
Ethernet PCs section.
Step 5. Install an USB driver (for X8824e/X8824m only)
You can attach a single computer to the device using a USB cable. The USB port is
useful if you have an USB-enabled PC that does not have a network interface card for
attaching to your Ethernet network.
Before attaching the USB cable, you must install an USB driver on your PC and
configure the computer. For complete instructions, see Configuring an USB PC section.
Next step
After setting up and configuring the device and PCs, you can log on to the device by
following the instructions in “Getting Started with the Web pages” on chapter 4. The
chapter includes a section called Testing your Setup, which enables you to verify that the
device is working properly.
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
4
Getting Started with the Web pages
The DSL Modem includes a series of Web pages that provide an interface to the
software installed on the device. It enables you to configure the device settings to meet
the needs of your network. You can access it through a web browser on a PC connected
to the device.
Accessing the Web pages
To access the web pages, you need the following:
A laptop or PC connected to the LAN or WLAN port on the device.
A web browser installed on the PC. The minimum browser version requirement is
Internet Explorer v4 or Netscape v4. For the best display quality, use latest version of
Internet Explorer, Netscape or Mozilla Firefox from any of the LAN computers, launch
your web browser, type the URL, http://192.168.1.1 in the web address (or location)
box, and press [Enter]. Then enter the default username and password: admin/admin
to access the configuration web page, if you have not changed the username and
password.
The home page opens displaying the overview of device:
Figure 7: Overview –Home
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
The Menu comprises:
My DSL Modem (home menu): provides overview of the system and options to
upgrade the firmware of the system. By default, the page Overview is displayed after
the login.
Configuration: provides information about the current configuration of various
system features with options to change the configuration. It includes the sub menus
Quick Setup, Local Network, Internet, Security, Advanced Security, IP Routing, Dns
Client, IGMP Proxy, Dns Relay, SNTP and Quality of Service.
System: provides the administration utilities (sub menus) such as change password,
Reset & Restart, Backup configuration profile, and Remote Access.
Status: provides the current status of the devices. It includes Broadband Line,
Internet Connection, Traffic Stats, DHCP Table, Routing Table, and ARP Table.
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
Commonly used buttons
The following buttons are used throughout the web pages:
Button
Function
You may need to configure the default settings on
more than one Web page. Click on this button once
you have changed the configuration on your current
page and are ready to move on to the next.
This button appears on every configuration page.
Click on this button if at any time you decide that you
do not want to change the existing settings.
Radio buttons – these appear on many configuration
pages. You will be asked to select one radio button
from the selection of two or more available. You
cannot select more than one radio button at a time.
This button appears on every configuration page.
Click on this button once you are through with the
changes and decide to apply the made changes.
You may need to browse to find a file which needs to
be uploaded for new configuration.
This button allows you to upgrade to the new
configuration file attached using the Browse button.
The following terms are used throughout this guide in association with these buttons:
Click – point the mouse arrow over the button, menu entry or link on the screen and click
the left mouse button. This performs an action, such as displaying a new page or
performing the action specific to the button on which left mouse button is clicked.
Select – usually used when describing which radio button to select from a list, or which
entry to select from a drop-down list. Point the mouse arrow over the entry and left-click
to select it. This does not perform an action – you will also be required to click on a button,
menu entry or link in order to proceed.
Help information
To view the help, click the desired menu or submenu. The related help information
appears in the screen.
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
Testing your Setup
Once you have connected your hardware and configured your PCs, any computer on
your LAN should be able to use the device’s DSL connection to access the Internet.
To test the connection, turn on the device, wait for 30 seconds and then verify that the
LEDs are illuminated as follows:
LED
Behavior
Power
Solid green to indicate that the device is turned on. If
this light is not on, check the power cable
attachment.
LAN
Solid green to indicate that the device can
communicate with your LAN.
WAN
(ADSL)
Flashing on/off while trying to SYNC UP with ISP
CO site. Solid green to indicate that the device has
successfully established a connection with your ISP.
PPP
(Internet)
When it turns solid ON that means the device
establish a PPP link with ISP.
If the LEDs illuminate as expected, test your Internet connection from a LAN computer.
To do this, open your web browser, and type the URL of any external website (such as
http://www.yahoo.com).
If the LEDs do not illuminate as expected, you may need to configure your Internet
access settings using the information provided by your ISP. If the LEDs still do not
illuminate as expected or the web page is not displayed, see Troubleshooting section or
contact your ISP for assistance.
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
Default device settings
In addition to handling the DSL connection to your ISP, the DSL Modem can provide a
variety of services to your network. The device is preconfigured with default settings for
use with a typical home or small office network.
The table below lists some of the most important default settings; these and other
features are described fully in the subsequent chapters. If you are familiar with network
configuration, review these settings to verify that they meet the needs of your network.
Follow the instructions to change them if necessary. If you are unfamiliar with these
settings, try using the device without modification, or contact your ISP for assistance.
We strongly recommend that you contact your ISP prior to changing the
default configuration.
WARNING
Option
Default Setting
Explanation/Instructions
User/Password
admin/admin
User name and password to
access the device
DSL Port IP
Address
Unnumbered
interface:
192.168.1.1
This is the temporary public IP
address of the WAN port on the
device. It is an unnumbered
interface that is replaced as soon
as your ISP assigns a ‘real’ IP
address. See Quick Setup
section.
Subnet mask:
255.255.255.255
LAN Port
IP Address
Assigned static IP
address:
192.168.1.1
Subnet mask:
255.255.255.0
DHCP
(Dynamic Host
Configuration
Protocol)
DHCP server enabled
with the following pool
of addresses:
192.168.1.2
through
192.168.1.21
(Please be noted that
the default DHCP IP
address pool may be
different in each
firmware version.)
This is the IP address of the LAN
port on the device. The LAN port
connects the device to your
Ethernet network. Typically, you
will not need to change this
address. See Local Network
section.
The device maintains a pool of
private IP addresses for dynamic
assignment
to
your
LAN
computers. To use this service,
you must have set up your
computers
to
accept
IP
information
dynamically,
as
described in Local Network ->
DHCP Server section.
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
5
Home
The Home web page menu includes the following submenus:
•
Overview
•
Firmware Upgrade
Overview Page
The overview of the device contains most of the basic information like
System information (equipment vendor, model number, chipset part number, chipset
version number),
Internet information (ADSL port, downstream rate, upstream rate, Gateway, Primary
DNS Server, Secondary DNS server),
Device information (LAN IP address, firmware version, release date, system up time).
Basic Overview
Figure 8: Overview - basic
Click the Refresh to get the latest information from the device.
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
Firmware Upgrade
This page displays the current version of the firmware and lets you upgrade to the latest
version.
Upgrading the firmware
Figure 9: Upgrading firmware
To upgrade the firmware, you have two options:
•
Automatically check for the updates – Click Check for Updates button to pick up the
latest updates.
•
Specify the location of firmware file – Click Browse to specify the path where the
firmware files are located and click Upgrade.
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
6
Configuration
The Configuration web page menu comprises:
•
Quick Setup
•
Local Network
•
Internet
•
Security
•
Advanced Security
•
IP Routing
•
Dns Client
•
IGMP Proxy
•
Dns Relay
•
SNTP
•
Quality of Service
Quick Setup
The Quick Setup page available under Configuration menu option is required to setup
your device if it is not yet connected to internet. Before accessing quick setup, you
should ask for the following information from your ISP:
•
VPI/VCI
•
Protocol: PPPoA, PPPoE, RFC1483 (Routed), or Bridging
•
IP settings: Dynamic or Fixed. If fixed, then your ISP should also provide you an IP
address
•
NAT: Disabled or Enabled
•
Add Default Route: Disabled or Enabled
•
PPP User Name and Password (also known as Broadband User Name and
Password)
To display quick setup page:
Click Quick Setup under Configuration. Configure ATM PVC page opens:
Figure 10: Quick setup
17
X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
The information displayed on this page and the pages that follow are explained in detail
in the following sub sections.
Configuring ATM PVC
To configure ATM PVC:
Configure the ATM PVC by entering the VPI and VCI values provided by the ISP.
Click Next.
Configuring the Connection Type
Figure 11: Configuring the Connection Type
To configure the connection type:
Select the Protocol by selecting the radio button for the desired protocol type.
Select the Encapsulation Type from the drop down list (VCMUX or LLC/SNAP).
Configuring the WAN IP Settings if PPP over ATM (PPPoA) or PPP over Ethernet
(PPPoE)
Figure 12: Configuring WAN IP Settings
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
To configure the WAN IP settings:
Select/Unselect to enable or disable the Access Configurator option. In case, you
enable the access configurator, enter the value in Access Concentrator.
Select one of the following options:
•
Obtain an IP address automatically.
• Use the following IP address: specify the WAN IP Address.
Click to Enable NAT.
Click to Add Default Route
Click Next.
Configuring the Broadband User Name and Password
Figure 13: Configuring Broadband User Name and Password
To configure the broadband user name and password:
Enter the user name in Broadband User Name.
Enter the password in Password and confirm it by entering again in Confirm
Password.
Specify the network session by selecting Always On, Dial on Demand or
Manually Connect option. You can also opt to disconnect after a specified period
when no user activity is detected. By default, the option Always On is selected.
Click Next.
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
Configure LAN side settings
Figure 14: Configuring LAN
To configure LAN:
Enter the primary IP address. For example, enter 192.168.1.1
Enter the subnet mask. For example, enter 255.255.255.0
You have the option to set up the secondary IP address. Enter the IP address
and subnet mask in Secondary IP Address and Subnet Mask respectively.
Enter the value of MTU. The default value is 1500.
Select on one of the option: DHCP Server On or DHCP Server Off. In case, you
selected the option DHCP Server On, then specify the Start IP, End IP, and
Lease Time in Days:Hours:Minutes format. The DHCP server ON feature will
enable this device to assign IP address automatically to PC in LAN if PC
requests an IP address by DHCP client protocol.
Click Next.
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
The following page opens to confirm the settings:
Figure 15: Configuring LAN - Confirm Settings
A summary of the WAN and LAN configuration is displayed. Click Apply to make the
changes else click Cancel to discard the changes.
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
Configuring the WAN IP Settings if RFC1483 (Routed)
Figure 16: Configuring WAN IP Settings
To Configure WAN IP settings,
select one of the following options:
•
Obtain an IP address automatically.
• Use the following IP address: specify the WAN IP Address and subnet mask.
Click to Enable NAT.
Click Next.
The same procedure as configuring PPPoA or PPPoE, the configuring the LAN site
settings and confirming setting pages will be shown, please follow up above
descriptions to finish the settings.
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Configuring the WAN IP Settings if Bridging
Figure 17: Configuring WAN IP Settings
In this mode, the device is a bridge and passes all raw data traffic between WAN and
LAN ports. There is no need for any settings.
Click Next.
The same procedure as configuring PPPoA or PPPoE, the configuring the LAN site
settings and confirming setting pages will be shown, please follow up above descriptions
to finish the settings. But be noted, the IP addresses in the PC of LAN side are visible to
the WAN site in the bridging mode, those IP addresses are not blocked by NAT feature.
The information displayed on this page and the pages that follow are explained in detail
in the following sub sections.
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Local Network (LAN) Page
This page allows you to setup the Local Network (LAN) connection. The following are the
types of settings allowed:
•
IP Address
•
DHCP Server
Click on Local Network under Configuration from the left-hand side pane. The following
page opens:
Figure 18: Local network configuration - IP address
IP Address
This page displays the local network configuration allowing you to configure:
IP Address
Subnet Mask
Host Name
Domain Name
Secondary IP Address
MTU
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DHCP server
This page displays the DHCP server configuration allowing you to configure:
•
Enable DHCP server feature ON or OFF
•
An IP addresses pool
Figure 19: DHCP server configuration
Click DHCP server On or OFF
Enter the start IP address of DHCP pool
Enter the end IP address of DHCP pool
Enter the lease Time in DAYS/HOURS/MINUTES format
Reserved IP Address List. You can reserve one specific IP address for a certain
PC by adding the mapping entry between MAC address and IP address.
Figure 20: DHCP server – Reserved IP Address List
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Figure 21: DHCP server – reserved IP address entry
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Internet Connection Page
You can configure your internet connection from this page. This page displays the details
of existing internet connection, if any. You can perform the following functions from this
page:
•
Configure internet connection
•
Configure ADSL
•
Specify MAC Spoofing
Figure 22: Internet connection configuration
Connections
To configure the internet connection:
Click Add. Follow the steps described under Quick Setup section to setup the
internet connection. If there is existing Internet connection, you may use the Edit
or Delete to edit the connection profile or delete it.
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ADSL Configuration
In this web page, you can configure the basic ADSL parameters like enable/disable
ADSL port, ADSL mode and some specific values.
Figure 23: ADSL configuration
To configure ADSL:
Click to enable the ADSL Port.
Select the support of line mode from the drop down list. You have the option to
select from ADSL 2, ADSL2PlusAuto, ADSL2Plus Only.
You can enable/disable DSL with DELT, Bitswap (Downstream), and Bitswap
(UpStream).
Click Apply.
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MAC Spoofing
Figure 25: Internet connection - MAC spoofing
MAC spoofing lets the MyDslModem identify itself as another computer or device. You
may need to use this depending on your Internet Service Provider.
To specify MAC Spoofing:
Select either Disabled - MAC Spoofing is not used or Enabled - MAC Spoofing
will be used with a MAC address you provide. MAC Spoofing Setup/Confirm
page opens based on the option you selected earlier.
Specify the MAC address in case you enabled the MAC Spoofing.
Figure 26: MAC spoofing setup
Click Confirm to confirm the specified MAC Spoofing settings.
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Security Configuration
There are two following functions from this page which can be configured:
•
Configure IP filter rules
•
Configure Domain filter rules
IP Filter
You can configure the IP filtering feature in the web page including port number or IP
address filtering for inbound, outbound or both direction traffic.
Figure 27: Security Configuration
Global settings:
To enable or disable IP filtering function
Click Add to create the rule for IP filtering policy
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Figure 28: Security Configuration – IP filter
IP filtering global settings:
Select the direction to filter packets, outbound (outgoing) traffic, inbound
(incoming) traffic, or both
Select the Port Filter Rule or IP Validator Rule. The port fitter rule needs the
packet type (protocol: TCP, UDP, ICMP, GRE) and also the port range. The IP
validator rule needs the IP address which can be a single IP address or a subnet.
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Domain Filter
You can configure the Domain filtering feature in the web page including Rule Action:
Allow or Deny, domain name, and time schedule.
Figure 29: Domain Filter Configuration
To specify domain filter settings:
Specify the rule action as Allow or Deny and click Apply.
Enter the filter details such as Filter Name, Policy Name (refer the description in
IP Filtering), Domain Filter (enter the domain name that you want to allow or
deny user to surf it), Start Time (hh:mm:ss), End Time (hh:mm:ss).
Click Add.
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Advanced Security Configuration
There are two following functions from this page which can be configured:
•
DMZ Host
•
Port Forwarding
DMZ Host
You can configure DMZ host to provide better security for your local network if you
enable the NAT function.
Figure 30: Advanced Security Configuration – DMZ Host -1
The DMZ host is related to the Internet connection interface. You could click the EDIT to
set the DMZ host. This DMZ host is the computer on your local network that can be
accessed from the Internet regarding of port forwarding and firewall settings.
Figure 31: Advanced Security Configuration – DMZ Host-2
Global Settings:
Enable or disable the DMZ host function
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If enabled, enter the IP address of DMZ host
Port Forwarding
Port forwarding enables you to run a server on your local network that can be
accessed from the Internet. You need to set up port forwarding to tell the device on
which computer the server is held. When port forwarding is enabled, your router (the
device) routes all the inbound traffic on a particular port to the chosen computer on
your network.
Figure 32: Port Forwarding Configuration
To configure port forwarding:
Click Add.
Add New Part Forwarding Rule page opens:
Figure 33: Port Forwarding Configuration – Add New Rule
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Specify the new port forwarding rule name either by selecting from the Predefined drop down lists or typing a name in User defined text box.
Select the WAN Interface from the drop down list where the incoming packet
coming from.
Enter the IP address in Forward to Internal Host IP Address which the server is
held.
Specify the rules by specifying the information such as Protocol/Type, External
Packet (Port Start, Port End), and Forward to Internal Host (Port Start, Port End).
Click Apply.
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IP Routing
You can configure the packet routing table by static routing or dynamic routing.
•
Static Routing
•
Dynamic Routing
Static Routing
Figure 34: IP Routing Configuration
Under static routing web page, click the ADD button to add the static routing table.
Figure 35: Static IP Routing Configuration
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Global settings:
Specify the destination IP address and its subnet
Specify the gateway IP address or the interface (LAN or WAN port) where above
Dynamic Routing
Figure 36: Dynamic IP Routing Configuration
To enable the dynamic routing:
Select the Interface where to share and exchange the routing table. Click Edit.
Select the RIP Version as 1, 2 or both.
Select the Operation Mode as Active, Passive, or Send Only.
Select Enabled.
Click Apply.
Figure 37: Dynamic IP Routing Configuration
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DNS Client
Figure 38: DNS Client Configuration
To specify DNS Client:
Configure the DNS client by specifying the primary and secondary DNS server.
Click Apply.
IGMP Proxy
Configure this proxy to run a server on your local network that can be accessed from
the Internet. See Help for more information
Figure 39: IGMP proxy configuration
To enable IGMP proxy:
Select the connection from Internet Connection drop down list.
Select IGMP Proxy Enabled.
Click Apply.
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DNS Relay
The device can relay DNS query packets to the real DNS server and feedback back the
IP address to the PC.
Figure 40: Local network configuration - DNS relay
Existing DNS relay details, if created before are displayed on the DNS Relay page. You
can refresh the details by clicking Refresh.
To create a new DNS Hostname, click Create a New DNS Hostname entry manually.
DNS Table page opens:
Figure 41: DNS relay – Create a DNS host
Enter the Host Name and IP Address.
Click Apply.
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SNTP
The device use simple time timer protocol (SNTP) to get the real time clock from the
Internet. You can configure the SNTP server and SNTP client in this page.
•
SNTP Server
•
SNTP Client
SNTP Server
Figure 42: SNTP Server Configuration
To configure SNTP server:
Select to enter host name or IP address
Enter the SNTP host name or IP address
Click Add
You could add multiple SNTP servers to make sure to get the real time clock from
Internet.
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SNTP client
Figure 43: SNTP Client Configuration
In case, the SNTP server does not reply the real time clock, you can set the system clock
too. Even you do not check “set the SNTP clock manually”, you still need to configure
parameters in this page.
To configure SNTP client:
Check if you need to set the SNTP clock manually
Enter system clock the device will use it as default if there is no SNTP server
found.
Enter your time zone and check day light saving if necessary
Enter the parameters for SNTP module including retry timer, timeout value and
polling interval.
Click Apply
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Quality of Service
You can configure the priority of packets through this web page.
Figure 44: Quality of Service
Click Add to create the packet classifier.
Figure 45: Rule of Quality of Service
Quality of Service, global settings:
Enter the name for this classifier (rule)
Select the packet layer (layer 3 or layer 2) to prioritize packets
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Packet type which is prioritized
Source IP address and subnet
Source port range from start to end
Destination IP address and subnet
Destination port range from start to end
Assign the traffic priority, IP precedence and the IP type of service.
Click Apply to add this QoS rule.
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7
System
The System web page menu comprises:
•
Admin Password
•
Reset & Restart
•
Backup Configuration
•
Remote Access
Admin Password
This web page lets you change the user name and password.
Figure 46: Administration Password
To change the password:
Enter the user name in User name.
Enter the new password in New password.
Confirm the password by retyping it in Confirm New password.
Click Apply.
A window opens prompting you re-login with your new username or password:
Click OK.
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Reset & Restart
This web page allows you to restart your device or reset all settings to factory default
settings.
Figure 47: Reset & Restart
Click the Restart button without the check of “Reset to factory default settings” to
restart the device with current settings.
Click the Restart button with the check of “Reset to factory default settings” to
restore the factory settings back to the device.
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Backup Configuration
This web page allows you to restart your device or reset all settings to factory default
settings.
Figure 48: Backup & Restore Configuration
Backup Configuration
To save the backup configuration file:
Click Backup.
A message window opens prompting you to save the file:
Click Save.
Specify the path where the file is to be saved and click Save.
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Restore Configuration
To restore the previously saved configuration:
Click Browse to specify the path of the saved configuration file and click Open.
Click Upgrade.
Do not restart your router during configuration restore process.
WARNING
A message appears indicating the status of restoration:
Click restart to save new configuration.
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Remote Access
This submenu provides you remote access to a router. This may help the IT support staff
to configure the router remotely.
Figure 49: Remote access
To enable the remote access:
Specify the method by which you wish to access the router remotely by selecting
it. The following are the methods available for remote access:
•
Web Browser
•
Telnet
•
FTP
•
SNMP
•
TFTP
•
Ssh
•
PING
Specify the Start IP Address and End IP Address for the selected method.
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8
Status
You can see the following statuses from the status menu:
•
Broadband Line
•
Internet Connection
•
Traffic Status
•
DHCP Table
•
Routing Table
•
ARP Table
Broadband Line
This web page shows the ADSL status in details. If you are interesting in the
parameters, please contact technical support to get the description..
Figure 50: Status of Broadband Line
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Internet Connection
This web page shows current defined PVC profiles and its connection status including
PVC name, VPI/VCI values, ATM QoS, Internet connection protocol, NAT, WAN IP
address and connection online time.
Figure 51: Status of Internet Connection
Traffic Status
This web page shows traffic statistics of TX&RX both directions including Ethernet ports,
USB port and WAN ports.
Figure 52: Traffic Status
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DHCP Table
This web page shows all the PCs who request an IP address from the device. Those
messages show in the web page, MAC address of PC, assigned IP address, Lease Time
and the host name of PC.
Figure 53: DHCP Table
Routing Table
This web page shows the routing table of the device which shows the packet flow when
the device receives incoming packets from WAN port and LAN port.
Figure 54: Routing Table
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ARP Table
This web page shows the relationship between MAC address and IP address where the
device learns from the data traffic. Besides, it also record the interface where the device
learns this information.
Figure 64: ARP Table
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A
Appendix A - Configuring the Internet
Settings
This appendix provides instructions for configuring the Internet settings on your
computers to work with the device.
Configuring Ethernet PCs
Before you begin
By default, the device automatically assigns the required Internet settings to your PCs.
You need to configure the PCs to accept this information when it is assigned.
Note
In some cases, you may want to assign Internet information
manually to some or all of your computers rather than allow the
device to do so. See
Assigning static Internet information to your PCs section.
•
If you have connected your LAN PCs via Ethernet to the device, follow the
instructions that correspond to the operating system installed on your PC:
•
Windows® XP PCs
•
Windows 2000 PCs
•
Windows Me PCs
•
Windows 95, 98 PCs
•
Windows NT 4.0 workstations
Windows® XP PCs
In the Windows task bar, click the Start button, and then click Control Panel.
Double-click the Network Connections icon.
In the LAN or High-Speed Internet window, right-click on the icon corresponding to
your network interface card (NIC) and select Properties. (Often, this icon is labeled
Local Area Connection).The Local Area Connection dialog box is displayed with a list
of currently installed network items.
Ensure that the check box to the left of the item labelled Internet Protocol TCP/IP is
checked and click Properties.
In the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box, click the radio button labelled
Obtain an IP address automatically. Also click the radio button labelled Obtain DNS
server address automatically.
Click OK twice to confirm your changes, and then close the Control Panel.
Windows 2000 PCs
First, check for the IP protocol and, if necessary, install it:
In the Windows task bar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click
Control Panel.
Double-click the Network and Dial-up Connections icon.
In the Network and Dial-up Connections window, right-click the Local Area
Connection icon, and then select Properties. The Local Area Connection Properties
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dialog box is displayed with a list of currently installed network components. If the list
includes Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), then the protocol has already been enabled. Skip
to step 10.
If Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) does not display as an installed component, click Install.
In the Select Network Component Type dialog box, select Protocol, and then click
Add.
Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) in the Network Protocols list, and then click OK.
You may be prompted to install files from your Windows 2000 installation CD or other
media. Follow the instructions to install the files.
If prompted, click OK to restart your computer with the new settings. Next, configure
the PCs to accept IP information assigned by the device.
In the Control Panel, double-click the Network and Dial-up Connections icon.
In the Network and Dial-up Connections window, right-click the Local Area
Connection icon, and then select Properties.
In the Local Area Connection Properties dialog box, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP),
and then click Properties.
In the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box, click the radio button labelled
Obtain an IP address automatically. Also click the radio button labelled Obtain DNS
server address automatically.
Click OK twice to confirm and save your changes, and then close the Control Panel.
Windows Me PCs
In the Windows task bar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click
Control Panel.
Double-click the Network and Dial-up Connections icon.
In the Network and Dial-up Connections window, right-click the Network icon, and
then select Properties. The Network Properties dialog box displays with a list of
currently installed network components. If the list includes Internet Protocol (TCP/IP),
then the protocol has already been enabled. Skip to step 11.
If Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) does not display as an installed component, click Add.
In the Select Network Component Type dialog box, select Protocol, and then click
Add.
Select Microsoft in the Manufacturers box.
Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) in the Network Protocols list, and then click OK.
You may be prompted to install files from your Windows Me installation CD or other
media. Follow the instructions to install the files.
If prompted, click OK to restart your computer with the new settings. Next, configure
the PCs to accept IP information assigned by the device.
In the Control Panel, double-click the Network and Dial-up Connections icon.
In Network and Dial-up Connections window, right-click the Network icon, and then
select Properties.
In the Network Properties dialog box, select TCP/IP, and then click Properties.
In the TCP/IP Settings dialog box, click the radio button labelled Server assigned IP
address. Also click the radio button labelled Server assigned name server address.
Click OK twice to confirm and save your changes, and then close the Control Panel.
Windows 95, 98 PCs
First, check for the IP protocol and, if necessary, install it:
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In the Windows task bar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click
Control Panel.
Double-click the Network icon. The Network dialog box displays with a list of currently
installed network components. If the list includes TCP/IP, and then the protocol has
already been enabled. Skip to step 9.
If TCP/IP does not display as an installed component, click Add. The Select Network
Component Type dialog box displays.
Select Protocol, and then click Add…The Select Network Protocol dialog box
displays.
Click on Microsoft in the Manufacturers list box, and then click TCP/IP in the Network
Protocols list box.
Click OK to return to the Network dialog box, and then click OK again. You may be
prompted to install files from your Windows 95/98 installation CD. Follow the
instructions to install the files.
Click OK to restart the PC and complete the TCP/IP installation. Next, configure the
PCs to accept IP information assigned by the device.
Open the Control Panel window, and then click the Network icon.
Select the network component labeled TCP/IP, and then click Properties. If you have
multiple TCP/IP listings, select the listing associated with your network card or
adapter.
In the TCP/IP Properties dialog box, click the IP Address tab.
Click the radio button labeled Obtain an IP address automatically.
Click the DNS Configuration tab, and then click the radio button labelled Obtain an IP
address automatically.
Click OK twice to confirm and save your changes. You will be prompted to restart
Windows.
Click Yes.
Windows NT 4.0 workstations
First, check for the IP protocol and, if necessary, install it:
In the Windows NT task bar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click
Control Panel.
In the Control Panel window, double click the Network icon.
In the Network dialog box, click the Protocols tab. The Protocols tab displays a list of
currently installed network protocols. If the list includes TCP/IP, then the protocol has
already been enabled. Skip to step 9.
If TCP/IP does not display as an installed component, click Add.
In the Select Network Protocol dialog box, select TCP/IP, and then click OK. You may
be prompted to install files from your Windows NT installation CD or other media.
Follow the instructions to install the files. After all files are installed, a window displays
to inform you that a TCP/IP service called DHCP can be set up to dynamically assign
IP information.
Click Yes to continue, and then click OK if prompted to restart your computer. Next,
configure the PCs to accept IP information assigned by the device.
Open the Control Panel window, and then double-click the Network icon.
In the Network dialog box, click the Protocols tab.
In the Protocols tab, select TCP/IP, and then click Properties.
In the Microsoft TCP/IP Properties dialog box, click the radio button labelled Obtain
an IP address from a DHCP server.
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Click OK twice to confirm and save your changes, and then close the Control Panel.
Assigning static Internet information to your PCs
If you are a typical user, you will not need to assign static Internet information to your
LAN PCs because your ISP automatically assigns this information for you.
In some cases however, you may want to assign Internet information to some or all of
your PCs directly (often called “statically”), rather than allowing the device to assign it.
This option may be desirable (but not required) if:
•
You have obtained one or more public IP addresses that you want to always
associate with specific computers (for example, if you are using a computer as a
public web server).
•
You maintain different subnets on your LAN (subnets are described in Appendix
B).
Before you begin, you must have the following information available:
•
The IP address and subnet mask of each PC
•
The IP address of the default gateway for your LAN. In most cases, this is the
address assigned to the LAN port on the device. By default, the LAN port is
assigned the IP address 192.168.1.1. (You can change this number or another
number can be assigned by your ISP.)
•
The IP address of your ISP’s Domain Name System (DNS) server.
On each PC to which you want to assign static information, follow the instructions relating
only to checking for and/or installing the IP protocol. Once it is installed, continue to follow
the instructions for displaying each of the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) properties. Instead of
enabling dynamic assignment of the IP addresses for the computer, DNS server and
default gateway, click the radio buttons that enable you to enter the information manually.
Note
Your PCs must have IP addresses that place them in the same
subnet as the device’s LAN port.
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Configuring USB PC
Connecting a computer to the USB port
If you use the device’s USB port to connect to a PC, you must install the provided USB
driver software on the PC. The driver enables Ethernet-over-USB communication with
the device.
Configuring the USB computer is a two-part process:
•
In Part 1, you install the USB driver on the PC.
•
•
If your computer is running Windows 2000, 98, 98 SE, XP or ME, follow the
instructions given below.
In Part 2, you configure the IP properties on the USB PC.
Part 1. Installing the USB Driver
Ensure that the USB cable is not connected to the USB port on the PC. The installation
program will prompt you when to connect the cable.
This USB driver supports Windows 2000, 98, 98 SE, XP or ME
1. Find the USB driver in the CD, double-click on setup.exe to start the DSL
Modem Setup Wizard.
The Installing window displays as the Wizard prepares your system for the installation:
Figure 83: USB Setup Wizard: Installing Window
If a Microsoft digital signature dialog box is displayed, click Yes to continue.
The installation program will begin copying the necessary installation files to the required
locations. When complete, a window displays to prompt you to connect the USB cable to
your computer.
Figure 84: Prompt for USB Cable Plug-in
2. Plug the USB cable from the device into the USB port of the PC.
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The USB cable provided has a flat connector on one end (called Type A) and a square
connector on the other (Type B). Connect the flat connector to your PC and the square
connector to the device.
To ADSLEthernet router
To PC
Figure 85: USB Cable Connectors
If a Microsoft digital signature dialog box is displayed, click Yes to continue.
A window displays briefly, indicating that the system has found new hardware, and the
Installing window displays as the installation finishes.
You have now finished installing the driver. You do not need to restart your computer.
Proceed to Part 2. Configuring IP properties on the USB PC.
Part 2. Configuring IP properties on the USB PC
Now that the USB driver installation is complete, you must configure the USB PC so that
its IP properties place it in the same subnet as the device’s USB port. There are two
ways to do this:
The device is configured to assign an appropriate IP address to the USB PC. If you want
to use this automatic assignment feature, called “DHCP server,” you must configure the
USB PC to accept dynamically assigned IP information. Follow the instruction on
Configuring Ethernet PC section that corresponds to the operating system installed on
your PC.
If you want to assign a static IP address to the PC, follow the instructions on Configuring
Ethernet PC section and use the following information:
In the Network and Dial-up Connections window, be sure to select the icon that
corresponds to your new USB connection (not the one that corresponds to your Ethernet
NIC). When you display properties for the icon, the following text should display in the
Connect Using text box:
•
USB IAD LAN Modem #n
•
The USB port on the device is preconfigured with these properties:
•
USB port IP address:192.168.1.100 (for example)
USB port subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Therefore, your PC must be configured as follows:
IP address: 192.168.1.n where n is a number from 2 to 254 that does not conflict with the
DHCP address range.
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
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B
Appendix B - IP Addresses, Network
Masks, and Subnets
IP Addresses
This section refers only to IP addresses for IPv4 (version 4 of the Internet
Protocol). IPv6 addresses are not covered.
Note
This section assumes basic knowledge of binary numbers, bits, and bytes.
IP addresses, the Internet's version of telephone numbers, are used to identify individual
nodes (computers or devices) on the Internet. Every IP address contains four numbers,
each from 0 to 255 and separated by dots (periods), e.g. 20.56.0.211. These numbers
are called, from left to right, field1, field2, field3, and field4.
This style of writing IP addresses as decimal numbers separated by dots is called dotted
decimal notation. The IP address 20.56.0.211 is read "twenty dot fifty-six dot zero dot
two-eleven."
Structure of an IP address
IP addresses have a hierarchical design similar to that of telephone numbers. For
example, a 7-digit telephone number starts with a 3-digit prefix that identifies a group of
thousands of telephone lines, and ends with four digits that identify one specific line in
that group.
Similarly, IP addresses contain two kinds of information:
•
Network
Identifies a particular network within the Internet or intranet
ID
•
Host
Identifies a particular computer or device on the network
ID
The first part of every IP address contains the network ID, and the rest of the address
contains the host ID. The length of the network ID depends on the network's class (see
following section). The table below shows the structure of an IP address.
Field1
Field2
Class A
Network ID
Host ID
Class B
Network ID
Class C
Network ID
Field3
Field4
Host ID
Host ID
Here are some examples of valid IP addresses:
Class
A:
10.30.6.125
(network
=
10,
host
=
30.6.125)
Class
B:
129.88.16.49
(network
=
129.88,
host
=
16.49)
Class C: 192.60.201.11 (network = 192.60.201, host = 11)
Network classes
The three commonly used network classes are A, B, and C. (There is also a class D but it
has a special use beyond the scope of this discussion.) These classes have different
uses and characteristics.
Class A networks are the Internet's largest networks, each with room for over 16 million
hosts. Up to 126 of these huge networks can exist, for a total of over 2 billion hosts.
Because of their huge size, these networks are used for WANs and by organizations at
the infrastructure level of the Internet, such as your ISP.
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Class B networks are smaller but still quite large, each able to hold over 65,000 hosts.
There can be up to 16,384 class B networks in existence. A class B network might be
appropriate for a large organization such as a business or government agency.
Class C networks are the smallest, only able to hold 254 hosts at most, but the total
possible number of class C networks exceeds 2 million (2,097,152 to be exact). LANs
connected to the Internet are usually class C networks.
Some important notes regarding IP addresses:
•
The
•
A host ID can have any value except all fields set to 0 or all fields set to 255, as
those values are reserved for special uses.
class
can
be
determined
easily
field1 = 1-126: Class
field1 = 128-191: Class
field1 = 192-223: Class
(field1 values not shown are reserved for special uses)
from
field1:
A
B
C
Subnet masks
Definition
mask
A mask looks like a regular IP address, but contains a pattern of
bits that tells what parts of an IP address are the network ID and
what parts are the host ID: bits set to 1 mean "this bit is part of the
network ID" and bits set to 0 mean "this bit is part of the host ID."
Subnet masks are used to define subnets (what you get after dividing a network into
smaller pieces). A subnet's network ID is created by "borrowing" one or more bits from
the host ID portion of the address. The subnet mask identifies these host ID bits.
For example, consider a class C network 192.168.1. To split this into two subnets, you
would use the subnet mask:
255.255.255.128
It's easier to see what's happening if we write this in binary:
11111111. 11111111. 11111111.10000000
As with any class C address, all of the bits in field1 through field3 are part of the network
ID, but note how the mask specifies that the first bit in field4 is also included. Since this
extra bit has only two values (0 and 1), this means there are two subnets. Each subnet
uses the remaining 7 bits in field4 for its host IDs, which range from 1 to 126 hosts
(instead of the usual 0 to 255 for a class C address).
Similarly, to split a class C network into four subnets, the mask is:
255.255.255.192 or 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.11000000
The two extra bits in field4 can have four values (00, 01, 10, 11), so there are four
subnets. Each subnet uses the remaining six bits in field4 for its host IDs, ranging from 1
to 62.
Sometimes a subnet mask does not specify any additional
network ID bits, and thus no subnets. Such a mask is called a
default subnet mask. These masks are:
Note
Class A:255.0.0.0
Class B:255.255.0.0
Class C:255.255.255.0
These are called default because they are used when a network is
initially configured, at which time it has no subnets.
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C
Appendix C - Troubleshooting
This appendix suggests solutions for problems you may encounter in installing or using
the device, and provides instructions for using several IP utilities to diagnose problems.
Contact Customer Support if these suggestions do not resolve the problem.
Troubleshooting Suggestions
Problem
Troubleshooting Suggestion
LEDs
Power LED does not illuminate
after product is turned on.
Internet LED does not illuminate
after phone cable is attached.
LINK LAN LED does not
illuminate after Ethernet cable is
attached.
Verify that you are using the power cable
provided with the device and that it is securely
connected to the device and a wall
socket/power strip.
Verify that a standard telephone cable (called
an RJ-11 cable) like the one provided is
securely connected to the DSL port and your
wall phone port. Allow about 30 seconds for
the device to negotiate a connection with your
ISP.
Verify that the Ethernet cable is securely
connected to your LAN hub or PC and to the
device. Make sure the PC and/or hub is turned
on.
Verify that your cable is sufficient for your
network requirements. A 100 Mbit/sec network
(10BaseTx) should use cables labeled CAT 5.
A 10Mbit/sec network may tolerate lower
quality cables.
Internet Access
My PC cannot access the Internet
Run a health check on your device. Use the
ping utility (discussed in the following section)
to check whether your PC can communicate
with the device’s LAN IP address (by default
192.168.1.1). If it cannot, check the Ethernet
cabling.
If you statically assigned a private IP address
to the computer, (not a registered public
address), verify the following:
•
•
My LAN PCs cannot display
web pages on the Internet.
Check that the gateway IP address on the
computer is your public IP address (see Current
Status on page 1 for instructions on viewing the
IP information.) If it is not, correct the address or
configure the PC to receive IP information
automatically.
Verify with your ISP that the DNS server
specified for the PC is valid. Correct the
address or configure the PC to receive this
information automatically.
Verify that the DNS server IP address specified
on the PCs is correct for your ISP, as
discussed in the item above. If you specified
that the DNS server be assigned dynamically
from a server, then verify with your ISP that the
address configured on the device is correct,
and then you can use the ping utility,
discussed on page 63, to test connectivity with
your ISP’s DNS server.
Web pages
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Problem
Troubleshooting Suggestion
I forgot/lost my user ID or
password.
If you have not changed the password from the
default, try using “admin” as both the user ID
and password. Otherwise, you can reset the
device to the default configuration by pressing
three times the Reset Default button on the
front panel of the device. Then, type the
default User ID and password shown above.
WARNING: Resetting the device removes any
custom settings and returns all settings to their
default values.
Use the ping utility, discussed in the following
section, to check whether the PC can
communicate with the device’s LAN IP address
(by default 192.168.1.1). If it cannot, check the
Ethernet cabling.
Verify that you are using Internet Explorer or
Netscape Navigator v4.0 or later.
Verify that the PC’s IP address is defined as
being on the same subnet as the IP address
assigned to the LAN port on the device.
I cannot access the web pages
from my browser.
My changes to the web pages
are not being retained.
Be sure to use the Confirm Changes function
after any changes.
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Diagnosing Problem using IP Utilities
Ping
Ping is a command you can use to check whether your PC can recognize other
computers on your network and the Internet. A ping command sends a message to the
computer you specify. If the computer receives the message, it sends messages in reply.
To use it, you must know the IP address of the computer with which you are trying to
communicate.
On Windows-based computers, you can execute a ping command from the Start menu.
Click the Start button, and then click Run. In the Open text box, type a statement such as
the following:
ping 192.168.1.1
Click OK. You can substitute any private IP address on your LAN or a public IP address
for an Internet site, if known.
If the target computer receives the message, a Command Prompt window is displayed:
If the target computer cannot be located, you will receive the message Request timed out.
Using the ping command, you can test whether the path to the device is working (using
the preconfigured default LAN IP address 192.168.1.1) or another address you assigned.
You can also test whether access to the Internet is working by typing an external address,
such as that for www.yahoo.com (216.115.108.243). If you do not know the IP address of
a particular Internet location, you can use the nslookup command, as explained in the
following section.
From most other IP-enabled operating systems, you can execute the same command at
a command prompt or through a system administration utility.
nslookup
You can use the nslookup command to determine the IP address associated with an
Internet site name. You specify the common name, and the nslookup command looks up
the name in on your DNS server (usually located with your ISP). If that name is not an
entry in your ISP’s DNS table, the request is then referred to another higher-level server,
and so on, until the entry is found. The server then returns the associated IP address.
On Windows-based computers, you can execute the nslookup command from the Start
menu. Click the Start button, and then click Run. In the Open text box, type the following:
Nslookup
Click OK. A Command Prompt window displays with a bracket prompt (>). At the prompt,
type the name of the Internet address that you are interested in, such as
www.microsoft.com.
The window will display the associate IP address, if known, as shown below:
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There may be several addresses associated with an Internet name. This is common for
web sites that receive heavy traffic; they use multiple, redundant servers to carry the
same information.
To exit from the nslookup utility, type exit and press [Enter] at the command prompt.
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D
Appendix D - Advanced DSL port
attributes
The following table displays detailed information about the advanced DSL port attributes.
You should only need to refer to these attributes if your ISP has
asked you to check something or if you are experienced in DSL
port configuration.
Note
Attribute
Value
Line Rate
DSL down stream trained rate (cells/sec)
TxCellTransmitted
Number of transmitted ATM cells
RxCellReceived
Number of received ATM cells
Cbr_CPS
Bit rate for CBR QoS Class
Rvbr SCR_CPS
Sustained cell rate for rt-vbr
Vbr SCR_CPS
Sustained cell rate for nrt-vbr
Rvbr PCR_CPS
Peak cell rate for rt-vbr
Vbr PCR_CPS
Peak cell rate for nrt-vbr
Ubr_CPS
Cell rate for UBR+
Ubr MCR_CPS
Minimum Cell rate for UBR+
CACMode
Gives CAC Mode
CACFunction
Call Admission control function
Port Speed Hook
Function to accommodate the port speed
changes
Vpi Range
Range of valid VPI
Vci Range
Range of valid VCI
Default Pcr
Default Peak Cell Rate
Traffic Shaping
Gives weather traffic shaping is
enabled/disabled
Ni Type
Network Interface Type
Is Dsl Dma Up
Operational Status of DSL DMA block
Enabled Channels
Number of enabled channels
DSP Firmware Version
DSP code version number
DSP Version
DSL driver version number
Connected
Current connected state:
True – modem is connected to a remote modem
False – modem is not connected to a remote
modem
Operational Mode
Current operating (connected) mode
(modulation)
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Attribute
Value
State
Current state of the device:
Idle – not connected or attempting to connect
HandShake – connecting/hunting for remote
modem
Training – connecting/found a remote modem
Showtime – connected to remote modem
Watchdog
Watchdog timer which confirms that the DSP is
executing a program correctly
Operation Progress
Detailed startup information to be used for
debugging
Last Failed
This value is reset to 0 each time a startup is
attempted. If there is a failure, it indicates the
reason for the failure.
Tx Bit Rate
Transmit rate (bits per second) of the device
Rx Bit Rate
Receive rate (bits per second) of the device
Tx Cell Rate
Transmit rate (cells per second) of the device
Rx Cell Rate
Receive rate (cells per second) of the device
Phy TXCell Count
Transmit ATM cell counter
Phy RXCell Count
Receive ATM cell counter
Phy Cell Drop Count
UTOPIA cell drop counter
Overall Failure
Indicates the cause of failure
Local ITUCountry Code
Country code used by the device (modulation
specific)
Local SEF
Number of severely errored frame defects
received by the device
Local End LOS
Number of loss of signal defects received by the
device
Local SNRMargin
The local Signal to Noise Ration margin
Local Line Attn
The local attenuation values
Local Tx Power
Current transmit power attenuation of the device
Local Fast Channel Rx
Rate
Receive rate (bits per second) of the device on
the fast path
Local Fast Channel Tx
Rate
Transmit rate (bits per second) of the device on
the fast path
Local Fast Channel FEC
Instances of Forward Error Correction required
by the device on the fast channel
Local Fast Channel
CRC
Number of CRC errors received by the device
on the fast channel
Local Fast Channel HEC
Number of ATM Cell Header errors corrected by
the device on the fast channel
Local Fast Channel
NCD
Number of no cell delineation received by the
device on the fast channel
Local Fast Channel
OCD
Number of out of cell delineation received by the
device on the fast channel
Local Interleaved
Channel Rx Rate
Receive rate (bits per second) of the device on
the interleaved path
Local Interleaved
Channel Tx Rate
Transmit rate (bits per second) of the device on
the interleaved path
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Attribute
Value
Local Interleaved
Channel FEC
Instances of Forward Error Correction required
by the device on the interleaved channel
Local Interleaved
Channel CRC
Number of CRC errors received by the device
on the interleaved channel
Local Interleaved
Channel HEC
Number of ATM Cell Header errors corrected by
the device on the interleaved channel
Local Interleaved
Channel NCD
Number of no cell delineation received by the
device on the interleaved channel
Local Interleaved
Channel OCD
Number of out of cell delineation received by the
device on the interleaved channel
Remote SEF
Number of severely errored frame defects
received by the device
Remote LOS
Number of loss of signal defects received by the
device
Remote Line Attn
The remote attenuation values
Remote SNRMargin
The remote Signal to Noise Ration margin
Remote Fast Channel
FEC
Instances of Forward Error Correction required
by the device on the fast channel
Remote Fast Channel
CRC
Number of CRC errors received by the device
on the fast channel
Remote Fast Channel
HEC
Number of ATM Cell Header errors corrected by
the device on the fast channel
Remote Fast Channel
NCD
Number of no cell delineation received by the
device on the fast channel
Remote Interleaved
Channel FEC
Instances of Forward Error Correction required
by the device on the interleaved channel
Remote Interleaved
Channel CRC
Number of CRC errors received by the device
on the interleaved channel
Remote Interleaved
Channel HEC
Number of ATM Cell Header errors corrected by
the device on the interleaved channel
Remote Interleaved
Channel NCD
Number of no cell delineation received by the
device on the interleaved channel
Activate Line
Abort – deactivates the DSL link
None – signifies that this parameter has been
read
Start – activates the DSL link
Host Control
Disable – terminates any host/API interaction
with the DSP (for testing purposes)
Enable – enables host/API interaction with the
DSP
Auto Start
“True” - A Connection will be established at
power up.
“False” - The modem will remain in Idle mode at
power up.
Failsafe
True – a failsafe timer is activated when a
startup request is made. Once a connection has
been established, the failsafe timer is disabled
False – a failsafe timer is not activated when a
startup request is made
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Attribute
Value
Whip
Possible Values if compiled for Whip Serial:
Serial or Inactive
Possible Values if compiled for Whip TCP:
TCP or Inactive
Possible Values if compiled for Whip
Serial/TCP:
Serial, TCP or Inactive
Whip Active
Indicated state of whip. Possible values are
Inactive, SerialActive and TCPActive
Action
An action given when ActivateLine is set to
Start. Possible values are Startup,
SpectrumReverb, SpectrumMedely or
SpectrumPilot
Standard
Indicates the preferred standard compliance.
Multimode indicates that the device
automatically detects the other end as one of
the supported standards.
Utopia Interface
Level1 – Utopia Level 1 internal framing is used
with the DSP
Level2 – Utopia Level 2 internal framing is used
with the DSP
EC FDM Mode
EC – enables Echo Cancellation. This setting is
necessary if your device is connected to a high
speed CO.
FDM – enables Frequency Division Multiplexing
Max Bits Per Bin
The maximum number of bits per bin. This can
be any value between 1 and 15
Tx Start Bin
A value that indicates the lowest bin number
allowed for transmit signal
Tx End Bin
A value that indicates the highest bin number
allowed for transmit signal
Rx Start Bin
A value that indicates the lowest bin number
allowed for receive signal
Rx End Bin
A value that indicates the highest bin number
allowed for receive signal
Rx Auto Bin Adjust
Disable – the bin settings configured as the
RxStartBin/RxEndBin parameters are used
Enable – DSP automatically adjusts the bin
selection for receive signal
Tx Attenuation
A value between 0dB and 12dB that indicates
the transmit power attenuation
Bit Swap
Disable – disables the adjustment of the
number of bits assigned to a subcarrier without
interrupting data flow
Enable – enables the adjustment off the number
of bits assigned to a subcarrier without
interrupting data flow
Max Down Rate
A value that sets the maximum downstream rate
for those applications where it is necessary to
limit the downstream data rate
Physical Port
A value between 0 and 14 that sets the Utopia
Level 2 Utopia address
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Attribute
Value
Retrain
Disable – disables full retrain capability
Enable – enables full retrain capability
Detect Noise
Enables/disables noise detection (only valid for
Annex AHS)
Capability
This parameter controls whether the CPE will
attempt to startup using alternate standards if
the CO does not support G.Span (High Speed
(HS)).
The CPE has the ability to connect in either
ADSL Annex A or G.Span. This is provided by
the ADSL/Annex A /G.Span Auto Detect
feature. The standard used depends on the
capability of the CO.
Using Auto Detect, startup at the CPE is first
attempted in Annex A. The CO is the master
and the CPE is the slave. If the result of
handshake with the CO is G.Span (HS), then
the CPE will switch to G.Span. If the CO does
not support G.Span, then the resultant
connection will be ADSL Annex A.
This parameter must be set to AHS to configure
the modem for A & HS ‘two-speed’ Auto Detect.
For Auto Detect, all other parameters should be
set to the Annex A profile. If UTOPIA Level 2
framing is set (using the UtopiaInterface
parameter), ensure that the UTOPIA address is
set (using the PhysicalPort parameter) as there
is no default value. If the result of handshake
with the CO is G.Span (HS), then the CPE will
switch to G.Span and the appropriate CPE
parameters will be automatically re-configured
by the DSP for G.Span operation.
A: Annex A capable
AHS: Annex A or High Speed capable
Disable: the device does not send any
standards capability information to the CO.
Coding Gain
The gain due to trellis/RS coding. Its value
ranges from 0-7 dB. Auto automatically selects
the coding gain.
Framer Type
Value can be set to Type 0 – 3 or Type3ET. To
enable DataBoost set FramerType to Type3ET
Dying Gasp
Enables/disables dying gasp.
Defaults
Sets the recommended default parameters for a
given Standard.
Reset Defaults
Reset device to use default port configuration
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E
Appendix E - Glossary
Term
Description
10BASE-T
A designation for the type of wiring used by
Ethernet networks with a data rate of 10 Mbps.
Also known as Category 3 (CAT 3) wiring. See
data rate, Ethernet.
100BASE-T
A designation for the type of wiring used by
Ethernet networks with a data rate of 100 Mbps.
Also known as Category 5 (CAT 5) wiring. See
data rate, Ethernet.
ADSL
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
The most commonly deployed "flavor" of DSL for
home users is asymmetrical DSL. The term
asymmetrical refers to its unequal data rates for
downloading and uploading (the download rate is
higher than the upload rate). The asymmetrical
rates benefit home users because they typically
download much more data from the Internet than
they upload.
Analog
An analog signal is a signal that has had its
frequency modified in some way, such as by
amplifying its strength or varying its frequency, in
order to add information to the signal. The voice
component in DSL is an analog signal. See digital.
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
A standard for high-speed transmission of data,
text, voice, and video, widely used within the
Internet. ATM data rates range from 45 Mbps to
2.5 Gbps. See data rate.
Authenticate
To verify a user’s identity, such as by prompting
for a password.
Binary
The "base two" system of numbers that uses only
two digits, 0 and 1, to represent all numbers. In
binary, the number 1 is written as 1, 2 as 10, 3 as
11, 4 as 100, etc. Although expressed as decimal
numbers for convenience, IP addresses in actual
use are binary numbers; e.g., the IP address
209.191.4.240 is
11010001.10111111.00000100.11110000 in
binary. See bit, IP address, network mask.
Bit
Short for "binary digit," a bit is a number that can
have two values, 0 or 1. See binary.
Bps
bits per second
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Bridging
Passing data from your network to your ISP and
vice versa using the hardware addresses of the
devices at each location. Bridging contrasts with
routing which can add more intelligence to data
transfers by using network addresses instead.
The device can perform both routing and bridging.
Typically, when both functions are enabled, the
device routes IP data and bridges all other types
of data. See routing.
Broadband
A telecommunications technology that can send
different types of data over the same medium.
DSL is a broadband technology.
Broadcast
To send data to all computers on a network.
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DHCP automates address assignment and
management. When a computer connects to the
LAN, DHCP assigns it an IP address from a
shared pool of IP addresses; after a specified time
limit, DHCP returns the address to the pool.
DHCP relay
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol relay
A DHCP relay is a computer that forwards DHCP
data between computers that request IP
addresses and the DHCP server that assigns the
addresses. Each of the device's interfaces can be
configured as a DHCP relay. See DHCP.
DHCP server
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server
A DHCP server is a computer that is responsible
for assigning IP addresses to the computers on a
LAN. See DHCP.
Digital
Of data, having a form based on discrete values
expressed as binary numbers (0's and 1's). The
data component in DSL is a digital signal. See
analog.
DNS
Domain Name System
The DNS maps domain names into IP addresses.
DNS information is distributed hierarchically
throughout the Internet among computers called
DNS servers. For example, www.yahoo.com is
the domain name associated with IP address
216.115.108.243. When you start to access a web
site, a DNS server looks up the requested domain
name to find its corresponding IP address. If the
DNS server cannot find the IP address, it
communicates with higher-level DNS servers to
determine the IP address. See domain name.
Domain name
A domain name is a user-friendly name used in
place of its associated IP address. Domain names
must be unique; their assignment is controlled by
the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers (ICANN). Domain names are a key
element of URLs, which identify a specific file at a
web site. See DNS.
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Download
To transfer data in the downstream direction, i.e.,
from the Internet to the user.
DSL
Digital Subscriber Line
A technology that allows both digital data and
analog voice signals to travel over existing copper
telephone lines.
Encryption keys
See network keys
Ethernet
The most commonly installed computer network
technology, usually using twisted pair wiring.
Ethernet data rates are 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps.
See also 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T, twisted pair.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
A program used to transfer files between
computers connected to the Internet. Common
uses include uploading new or updated files to a
web server, and downloading files from a web
server.
Gbps
Abbreviation of Gigabits per second, or one billion
bits per second. Internet data rates are often
expressed in Gbps.
Host
A device (usually a computer) connected to a
network.
HTTP
Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol
HTTP is the main protocol used to transfer data
from web sites so that it can be displayed by web
browsers. See web browser, web site.
Hub
A hub is a place of convergence where data
arrives from one or more directions and is
forwarded out in one or more directions. It
connects an Ethernet bridge/router to a group of
PCs on a LAN and allows communication to pass
between the networked devices.
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol
An Internet protocol used to report errors and
other network-related information. The ping
command makes use of ICMP.
IEEE
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers is a technical professional society that
fosters the development of standards that often
become national and international standards.
Internet
The global collection of interconnected networks
used for both private and business
communications.
Intranet
A private, company-internal network that looks like
part of the Internet (users access information
using web browsers), but is accessible only by
employees.
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IP
See TCP/IP.
IP address
Internet Protocol address
The address of a host (computer) on the Internet,
consisting of four numbers, each from 0 to 255,
separated by periods, e.g., 209.191.4.240. An IP
address consists of a network ID that identifies the
particular network the host belongs to, and a host
ID uniquely identifying the host itself on that
network. A network mask is used to define the
network ID and the host ID. Because IP
addresses are difficult to remember, they usually
have an associated domain name that can be
specified instead. See domain name, network
mask.
ISP
Internet Service Provider
A company that provides Internet access to its
customers, usually for a fee.
LAN
Local Area Network.
A network limited to a small geographic area,
such as a home or small office.
LED
Light Emitting Diode
An electronic light-emitting device. The indicator
lights on the front of the device are LEDs.
MAC address
Media Access Control address
The permanent hardware address of a device,
assigned by its manufacturer. MAC addresses are
expressed as six pairs of hex characters, with
each pair separated by colons. For example;
NN:NN:NN:NN:NN:NN.
Mask
See network mask.
Mbps
Abbreviation for Megabits per second, or one
million bits per second. Network data rates are
often expressed in Mbps.
NAT
Network Address Translation
A service performed by many routers that
translates your network’s publicly known IP
address into a private IP address for each
computer on your LAN. Only your router and your
LAN know these addresses; the outside world
sees only the public IP address when talking to a
computer on your LAN.
Network
A group of computers that are connected
together, allowing them to communicate with each
other and share resources, such as software,
files, etc. A network can be small, such as a LAN,
or very large, such as the Internet.
Network keys
(Also known as encryption keys.) 64-bit and 128bit encryption keys used in WEP wireless security
schemes. The keys encrypt data over the WLAN,
and only wireless PCs configured with WEP keys
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that correspond to the keys configured on the
device can send/receive encrypted data.
Network mask
A network mask is a sequence of bits applied to
an IP address to select the network ID while
ignoring the host ID. Bits set to 1 mean "select this
bit" while bits set to 0 mean "ignore this bit." For
example, if the network mask 255.255.255.0 is
applied to the IP address 100.10.50.1, the
network ID is 100.10.50, and the host ID is 1. See
binary, IP address, subnet.
NIC
Network Interface Card
An adapter card that plugs into your computer and
provides the physical interface to your network
cabling. For Ethernet NICs this is typically an RJ45 connector. See Ethernet, RJ-45.
Packet
Data transmitted on a network consists of units
called packets. Each packet contains a payload
(the data), plus overhead information such as
where it came from (source address) and where it
should go (destination address).
Ping
Packet Internet (or Inter-Network) Groper
A program used to verify whether the host
associated with an IP address is online. It can
also be used to reveal the IP address for a given
domain name.
Port
A physical access point to a device such as a
computer or router, through which data flows into
and out of the device.
PPP
Point-to-Point Protocol
A protocol for serial data transmission that is used
to carry IP (and other protocol) data between your
ISP and your computer. The WAN interface on the
device uses two forms of PPP called PPPoA and
PPPoE. See PPPoA, PPPoE.
PPPoA
Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM
One of the two types of PPP interfaces you can
define for a Virtual Circuit (VC), the other type
being PPPoE. You can define only one PPPoA
interface per VC.
PPPoE
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
One of the two types of PPP interfaces you can
define for a Virtual Circuit (VC), the other type
being PPPoA. You can define one or more
PPPoE interfaces per VC.
Protocol
A set of rules governing the transmission of data.
In order for a data transmission to work, both ends
of the connection have to follow the rules of the
protocol.
Remote
In a physically separate location. For example, an
employee away on travel who logs in to the
company’s intranet is a remote user.
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RIP
Routing Information Protocol
The original TCP/IP routing protocol. There are
two versions of RIP: version I and version II.
RJ-11
Registered Jack Standard-11
The standard plug used to connect telephones,
fax machines, modems, etc. to a telephone port. It
is a 6-pin connector usually containing four wires.
RJ-45
Registered Jack Standard-45
The 8-pin plug used in transmitting data over
phone lines. Ethernet cabling usually uses this
type of connector.
Routing
Forwarding data between your network and the
Internet on the most efficient route, based on the
data’s destination IP address and current network
conditions. A device that performs routing is called
a router.
SDNS
Secondary Domain Name System (server)
A DNS server that can be used if the primary DSN
server is not available. See DNS.
Subnet
A subnet is a portion of a network. The subnet is
distinguished from the larger network by a subnet
mask that selects some of the computers of the
network and excludes all others. The subnet's
computers remain physically connected to the rest
of the parent network, but they are treated as
though they were on a separate network. See
network mask.
Subnet mask
A mask that defines a subnet. See network mask.
TCP
See TCP/IP.
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
The basic protocols used on the Internet. TCP is
responsible for dividing data up into packets for
delivery and reassembling them at the destination,
while IP is responsible for delivering the packets
from source to destination. When TCP and IP are
bundled with higher-level applications such as
HTTP, FTP, Telnet, etc., TCP/IP refers to this
whole suite of protocols.
Telnet
An interactive, character-based program used to
access a remote computer. While HTTP (the web
protocol) and FTP only allow you to download files
from a remote computer, Telnet allows you to log
into and use a computer from a remote location.
TFTP
Trivial File Transfer Protocol
A protocol for file transfers, TFTP is easier to use
than File Transfer Protocol (FTP) but not as
capable or secure.
TKIP
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) provides
WPA with a data encryption function. It ensures
that a unique master key is generated for each
packet, supports message integrity and
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sequencing rules and supports re-keying
mechanisms.
Triggers
Triggers are used to deal with application
protocols that create separate sessions. Some
applications, such as NetMeeting, open
secondary connections during normal operations,
for example, a connection to a server is
established using one port, but data transfers are
performed on a separate connection. A trigger
tells the device to expect these secondary
sessions and how to handle them.
Once you set a trigger, the embedded IP address
of each incoming packet is replaced by the correct
host address so that NAT can translate packets to
the correct destination. You can specify whether
you want to carry out address replacement, and if
so, whether to replace addresses on TCP packets
only, UDP packets only, or both.
Twisted pair
The ordinary copper telephone wiring used by
telephone companies. It contains one or more
wire pairs twisted together to reduce inductance
and noise. Each telephone line uses one pair. In
homes, it is most often installed with two pairs.
For Ethernet LANs, a higher grade called
Category 3 (CAT 3) is used for 10BASE-T
networks, and an even higher grade called
Category 5 (CAT 5) is used for 100BASE-T
networks. See 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T, Ethernet.
Unnumbered
interfaces
An unnumbered interface is an IP interface that
does not have a local subnet associated with it.
Instead, it uses a router-id that serves as the
source and destination address of packets sent to
and from the router. Unlike the IP address of a
normal interface, the router-id of an unnumbered
interface is allowed to be the same as the IP
address of another interface. For example, the
WAN unnumbered interface of your device uses
the same IP address of the LAN interface
(192.168.1.1).
The unnumbered interface is temporary – PPP or
DHCP will assign a ‘real’ IP address
automatically.
Upstream
The direction of data transmission from the user to
the Internet.
VC
Virtual Circuit
A connection from your DSL router to your ISP.
VCI
Virtual Circuit Identifier
Together with the Virtual Path Identifier (VPI), the
VCI uniquely identifies a VC. Your ISP will tell you
the VCI for each VC they provide. See VC.
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VPI
Virtual Path Identifier
Together with the Virtual Circuit Identifier (VCI),
the VPI uniquely identifies a VC. Your ISP will tell
you the VPI for each VC they provide. See VC.
WAN
Wide Area Network
Any network spread over a large geographical
area, such as a country or continent. With respect
to the device, WAN refers to the Internet.
Web browser
A software program that uses Hyper-Text Transfer
Protocol (HTTP) to download information from
(and upload to) web sites, and displays the
information, which may consist of text, graphic
images, audio, or video, to the user. Web
browsers use Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol
(HTTP). Popular web browsers include Netscape
Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer. See
HTTP, web site, WWW.
Web page
A web site file typically containing text, graphics
and hyperlinks (cross-references) to the other
pages on that web site, as well as to pages on
other web sites. When a user accesses a web
site, the first page that is displayed is called the
home page. See hyperlink, web site.
Web site
A computer on the Internet that distributes
information to (and gets information from) remote
users through web browsers. A web site typically
consists of web pages that contain text, graphics,
and hyperlinks. See hyperlink, web page.
WEP
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) encrypts data
over WLANs. Data is encrypted into blocks of
either 64 bits length or 128 bits length. The
encrypted data can only be sent and received by
users with access to a private network key. Each
PC on your wireless network must be manually
configured with the same key as your device in
order to allow wireless encrypted data
transmissions. Eavesdroppers cannot access your
network if they do not know your private key. WEP
is considered to be a low security option.
Wireless
Wireless is a term used to describe
telecommunications in which electromagnetic
waves (rather than some form of wire) carry the
signal over part or the entire communication path.
See wireless LAN.
Wireless LAN
A wireless LAN (WLAN) is one in which a mobile
user can connect to a local area network (LAN)
through a wireless (radio) connection. A standard,
IEEE 802.11, specifies the technologies for
wireless LANs.
WPA
Wi-Fi Protected Access
WPA is an initiative by the IEEE and Wi-Fi
Alliance to address the security limitations of
WEP. WPA provides a stronger data encryption
method (called Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
(TKIP)). It runs in a special, easy-to-set-up home
mode called Pre-Shared Key (PSK) that allows
you to manually enter a pass phrase on all the
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devices in your wireless network. WPA data
encryption is based on a WPA master key. The
master key is derived from the pass phrase and
the network name (SSID) of the device.
It provides improved data encryption and stronger
user authentication. The mode of WPA supported
on your device is called Pre-Shared Key (PSK),
which allows you to manually enter a type of key
called a pass phrase.
WWW
World Wide Web
Also called (the) Web. Collective term for all web
sites anywhere in the world that can be accessed
via the Internet.
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F
Appendix F - Specification
A1. Hardware Specifications
LAN Interface
• One 10/100BaseT Ethernet port
• Connector – RJ-45
• One USB 1.1 device port, type B connector
WAN ADSL Line Interface
• Compliant with ITU-T G.992.1, G.992.2, G.992.3, G.992.5 and ANSI and ANSI T1.
413 Issue 2
• Line Impedance: 100 Ω
• Connection Loops: One (pair wire)
• Connector: RJ-11
Indicators
PWR – Green LED indicates power and operation
WAN – Green LED indicates ADSL connection
PPP – Green LED indicates PPP connection
LAN – Green LED indicates LAN data Transmitting / Receiving
USB – Green LED indicates data Transmitting / Receiving through USB port
(X8824e/X8824m only)
• ALM – Red LED indicates device error (X8821e/X8821m only)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
OAM&P
Local: Telnet or Web management via Ethernet
Remote: Telnet or Web Management
•
•
•
•
Environment
Operation Temperature: 0°C ~ 45°C
Operation Humidity: 5% ~ 95%
Storage Temperature: -20 ~ +85°C
Storage Humidity: 5%~95%
•
Power
AC Adapter: Input 110/220VAC, 50/60Hz; Output 15VAC 1A
•
Certificates
CE, CB
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A2. Software Specifications
•
•
•
•
•
•
ATM
ATM Cells over ADSL, AAL5
Bridge mode: Supports 8 PVCs
Router mode: Supports 5 PVCs
Supports UBR, CBR, VBR-nrt, and VBR-rt traffic classes
ATM Forum UNI 3.0, UNI 3.1, UNI 4.0
ILMI 4.0
•
•
•
•
Bridging
Transparent Bridging and spanning tree protocol (IEEE 802.1D)
RFC2684 (RFC 1483) Bridged
IP packet filtering
ZIPB (Zero installation PPP Bridge)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Routing
IP routing: RIP1 and RIP2, and static routing
PPPoE and IP over ATM, PPP over ATM
PAP and CHAP for user authentication in PPP connection
RFC2684 (RFC1483) Routed
NAT/PAT with extensive ALG support
Supports SNTP and DNS relay
Virtual interface and secondary IP addresses
Supports IP QoS per RFC2472/2475 Routing
•
•
•
•
•
•
Configuration and Network Management Features
TR-037 compliant auto-configuration using ILMI
DHCP client, server and reply for IP management
System Log capability
WEB and Telnet for local or remote management
TFTP, HTTP for firmware upgrade and configuration
TR-069 for local and remote configuration and management
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G
Appendix G - Warranties
B1. Product Warranty
XAVi Technologies warrants that the ADSL unit will be free from defects in material and
workmanship for a period of twelve (12) months from the date of shipment.
XAVi Technologies shall incur no liability under this warranty if
－ The allegedly defective goods are not returned prepaid to XAVi Technologies within
thirty (30) days of the discovery of the alleged defect and in accordance with XAVi
Technologies’ repair procedures; or
－ XAVi Technologies’ tests disclose that the alleged defect is not due to defects in
material or workmanship.
XAVi Technologies’ liability shall be limited to either repair or replacement of the defective
goods, at XAVi Technologies’ option.
XAVi Technologies MARKS NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES REGARDING
THE QUALITY, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
BEYOND THOSE THAT APPEAR IN THE APPLICABLE USER’S DOCUMETATION.
XAVi SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR
PUNITIVE DAMAGE, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, LOSS OF PROFITS OR
DAMAGES TO BUSINESS OR BUSINESS RELATIONS. THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU
OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES.
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B2. Warranty Repair
1. During the first three (3) months of ownership, XAVi Technologies will repair or
replace a defective product covered under warranty within twenty-four (24) hours of
receipt of the product. During the fourth (4th) through twelfth (12th) months of
ownership, XAVi Technologies will repair or replace a defective product covered
under warranty within ten (10) days of receipt of the product. The warranty period for
the replaced products shall be ninety (90) days or the remainder of the warranty
period of the original unit, whichever is greater. XAVi Technologies will ship surface
freight. Expedited freight is at customer’s expense.
2. The customer must return the defective product to XAVi Technologies within fourteen
(14) days after the request for replacement. If the defective product is not returned
within this time period, XAVi Technologies will bill the customer for the product at list
price.
B3. Out-of-Warranty Repair
XAVi Technologies will either repair or, at its option, replace a defective product not
covered under warranty within ten (10) working days of its receipt. Repair charges
are available from the Repair Facility upon request. The warranty on a serviced
product is thirty (30) days measured from date of service. Out-of-warranty repair
charges are based upon the prices in effect at the time of return.
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H
Appendix H - Regulation
FCC Part 15 Notice
Warning: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a
Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 to the FCC rules. These limits are
designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the
equipment is operated in a residential environment. This equipment generates, used,
and can radiate radio frequency energy, and, if not installed and used in accordance
with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is unlikely to cause harmful
interference. But if it does, the user will be required to correct the interference at his
or her own expense. The authority to operate this equipment is conditioned by the
requirement that no modifications will be made to the equipment unless XAVi
expressly approves the changes or modifications.
Warning: Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
1) This device may not cause harmful interference.
2) This device must accept any interference received including interference that may
cause undesired operation.
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FCC Part 68 Notice
This equipment complies with Part 68 of FCC Rules. On the base unit of this
equipment is a label that contains, among other information, the FCC Registration
Number and Ringer Equivalence Number (REN) for this equipment. IF REQUESTED,
THIS INFORMATION MUST BE GIVEN TO THE TELEPHONE COMPANY.
The REN is useful to determine the quantity of devices you may connect to your
telephone line and still have all of those devices ring when your telephone number is
called. In most, but not all areas, the sum of the REN of all devices connected to one
line should not exceed five (5.0). To be certain of the number of devices you may
connect to you line, as determined by the REN, you should contact your local
telephone company to determine the maximum REN for your calling area.
If your equipment causes harm to the telephone network, the telephone company
may discontinue your service temporarily. If possible, they will notify you in advance.
But if advance notice is not practical, you will be notified as soon as possible. You will
be informed of your right to file a complaint with the FCC. Your telephone company
may make changes in it is facilities, equipment, operations or procedures that could
affect the proper functioning of your equipment. If they do, you will be notified in
advance to give you an opportunity to maintain uninterrupted telephone service.
If you experience trouble with this telephone equipment, Please contact the following
address and phone number for information on obtaining service or repairs.
The telephone company may ask that you disconnect this equipment from the
network until the problem has been corrected or until you are sure that the equipment
is not malfunctioning.
This equipment may not be used on coin service provided by the telephone company.
Connection to party lines is subject to state tariffs.
NOTICE: The Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 makes it unlawful for any
person to use a computer or an electronic device to send any message via a
telephone fax machine, unless such a message clearly contains in a margin at the
top or bottom of each transmitted page or on the first page of the transmission the
following information:
The date and time of transmission
Identification of either business, business entity or individual sending message
Telephone number of either the sending machine, business entity or individual
Warning: Users should not attempt to make such connections themselves, but should
contact appropriate electric inspection authority, or electrician, as appropriate.
Do not use any other power adapter except the one that accompanies the unit. Use of
other adapter could result in damage to the unit. To prevent electronic shock, please do
not open the cover.
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X8821e/X8821m / X8824e/X8824m User’s Guide
UL Safety Regulations
Disconnect TNV circuit connector or before removing cover or equivalent.
Disconnect TNV circuit connector(s) before disconnecting power.
Do not use this product near water for example, near a bathtub, washbowl, and
kitchen sink or laundry tub, in a wet basement, or near a swimming pool.
Avoid using a telephone (other than a cordless type) during an electrical storm.
There may be a remote risk of electric shock from lightening.
Do not use the telephone to report a gas leak in the vicinity of the leak.
Use only the power cord batteries indicated in this manual. Do not dispose of
batteries in a fire, as they may explode. Check with local codes for possible
special disposal instructions.
No. 26 AWG Telephone Line Cord shall either be provided with the equipment or
shall be described in the safety instruction. If fuse (F1) is not present, see the caution
statement listed below:
CAUTION: To reduce the risk of fire, use only No. 26 AWG or larger UL Listed or CSA
Certified Telecommunication Line Cord.
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I Appendix I - Contact information
You can help us serve you better by sending us your comments and feedback. Listed
below are the addresses, telephone and fax numbers of our offices. You can also
visit us on the World Wide Web at www.xavi.com.tw for more information. We look
forward to hearing from you!
WORLD HEADQUARTER
XAVi Technologies Corporation
9F, No. 129 Hsing Te Road, Sanchung City
Taipei County 241, Taiwan
Tel: +886-2-2995-7953
Fax: +886-2-2995-7954
USA BRANCH OFFICE
53 Parker
Irvine, CA 92618
Tel: +1-949-380-7550
Fax: +1-949-380-9204
S.AMERICA OFFICE
Tel: +55 -11-4485-3143
EUROPEAN BRANCH OFFICE
Oehleckerring 6B, 22419 Hamburg, Germany
Tel: +49-40-514400-53
Fax: +49-40-514400-79
5, Place de la Pyramide, Tour Ariane, La Défense 9,
92088 Paris-La Défense Cedex, France
Tel 1: +33-1-55-68-11-08
Fax: +33-1-55-68-10-00
Tel 2: +33-1-55-68-11-09
CHINA SUBSIDIARY
Room 401, Floor 4, #608 ZhaoJiaBang Road,
Shanghai, 200031
Tel: +86-21-6431-8800
Fax: +86-21-6431-7885
V1.0881E071
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