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22 Chapter 3. Case Study Table 3.1.: Geometrical and meteorological parameters, and material properties that describe the sewer section RS 4943-RS 3096 in Rümlang. Estimates were made where no data was available. Key to “Origin” column: IP=implementation plan, E=estimate, AS=ANETZ meteorological station, L=literature (cf. Appendix B). Parameter Symbol Value Unit Origin Length L 1845 m IP Nominal diameter D 0.9 m IP Wall thickness s 0.1 m IP Sewer slope S0 0.0091 - IP Friction coeff. kst 70 m1/3 s−1 E Fouling factor f 200 W/(m2 K) L COD degradation rate r 0.6-2.8 mgCOD/(m3 Soil penetration depth δS 0.1 m E Air exchange coeff. b 0.1 - E Ambient temperature TA 8.3 °C AS Ambient air pressure pA 966 mbar AS Relative humidity ϕ 0.75 - AS Soil temperature TS,in f 5.5 °C M/E Thermal conductivity pipe λP 0.3-2.5a W/(m K) IP / L Thermal conductivity soil λS 0.25-2.5b W/(m K) IP / L Thermal diffusivity pipe aP 0.4 - 0.6 a m2 /s IP / L aS b m2 /s IP / L Thermal diffusivity soil a Reinforced b Gravel 0.3 - 0.8 concrete with a porosity of 50% and 50% saturated s) L