Download what I should know about fire

What I should know about fire?
Smoking Out the Facts About Home Fire Detection
Fire is a deadly threat to any household. It can strike anywhere, at any time. The
frightening truth is that in 2005, there were nearly 381,000 home fires in the U.S.
resulting in over 16,000 injuries and deaths combined*. You must be prepared by
using the tools for fire protection.
Smoke alarms provide a warning of fire. Smoke alarms are the easiest, most
cost-efficient way to alert your family of a developing fire. The more smoke
alarms you have installed in your home, the more your chances increase that you
will survive the fire.
Fire extinguishers provide a tool to fight small fires. Having a fire extinguisher in
your home can increase your chances of keeping a small fire from getting out of
control and becoming a deadly rage.
Using both smoke alarms and fire extinguishers in your home, along with
knowing what to do in case of fire, can save your life! Fire is a preventable
tragedy!
What do I need to know about fire?
Fire can and might happen to you! You must be prepared and have the
knowledge to escape safely. Fire is darker, smokier, hotter, and faster than you
can imagine. You must know what fire is like in order to escape the danger
safely. The following are four important facts to remember:
1. Smoke is dark. Most people expect fire to be light. On the contrary, fire is pitch
black. For this reason, people have been trapped in their homes because they
could not find their way out in the dark -- they didn't have a flashlight and didn't
practice an escape plan.
2. Smoke can be deadly. Since most fire fatalities occur between 2 a.m. and 6
a.m. when most people are sleeping -- the only thing standing between the
deadly fumes of fire and a safe escape is the piercing sound of a smoke alarm.
The poisonous gases emitted by a fire actually put people into a deeper sleep
and many suffocate without ever waking or even becoming aware of the fire;
because they had no warning.
3. Fire has intense heat. Fire can cause the temperature to rise several hundred
degrees in just seconds. The heat is so intense that it can cause the human body
to stop functioning altogether - -one breath can cause severe lung damage. The
heat alone can cause someone to become unconscious and not be able to
escape. Mere seconds of escape time can be valuable.
4. Time is critical. A residential home can be totally consumed in flames in less
than five minutes from the start of a fire! A home fire can double in size is just 30
seconds.* You must know what to do in order to get you and your family out
safely. A closed door is often the best way to stall a fire. By closing the door, you
may save yourself valuable seconds to use an alternate escape route.
I have one smoke alarm in my home. Is that enough protection against fire?
No, several smoke alarms and fire extinguishers must be installed and
maintained for proper fire protection. The NFPA recommends smoke alarms be
installed on every level of the home, and inside every bedroom. Smoke alarms
should also be installed in the main corridor outside each bedroom area. Fire
extinguishers should be installed on each living level, as well as in rooms that
pose potential fire hazards (i.e., kitchen, garage, workshop).
Installing and maintaining smoke alarms and fire extinguishers dramatically
increases your family's chances of surviving a fire.
Where should I install smoke alarms and fire extinguishers?
Many laws require that you install at least one smoke alarm on every level of
your home. It is also important to install at least one fire extinguisher in a
convenient location on each level. The most basic protection for any home would
be to install one smoke alarm and one fire extinguisher on each level. However,
check your local building code since many require alarms also in each bedroom.
However, we recommend that you:
Other important considerations include:
1. Mount smoke alarms in the middle of the ceiling when ceiling mounted. If that
is not possible mount detectors on the wall at least three feet away from a corner
and 4 - 6 inches away from the ceiling.
2. Keep smoke alarms away from drafts created by fans or air ducts. The moving
air can blow smoke away from the sensor.
3. Avoid placing smoke alarms too near the kitchen stove and bathroom shower,
as cooking smoke and shower steam can cause nuisance alarms.
4. Mount basement alarms at the bottom of the basement stairwell.
5. Mount fire extinguishers on a wall 3 1/2 to 5 feet above the floor. The location
should be near an exit or an escape route from the room.
How do I select the right smoke alarms and fire extinguishers for my
home?
First, establish how many you will need and where you will install each alarm and
extinguisher. Once you know which rooms will have smoke alarms and fire
extinguishers, you can determine which features are best suited for that area.
Always choose a product which carries a standards approval symbol (such as
ETL or UL). This will assure you that the product has passed many stringent
tests and will offer quality protection.
What types of smoke alarms are there?
There are two basic types of smoke alarms: ionization and photoelectric. Both
are effective at detecting smoke, yet each has a unique detecting system. Each
type of detector also comes as AC-operated smoke alarms or battery-operated
smoke alarms. Some AC alarms even come with a battery back-up system.
Additional options can include an escape light, silencing button, or remote control
mute feature.
What types of fire extinguishers are there?
Fire extinguishers are categorized by ratings. These ratings determine the size
and type of fire that the extinguisher can successfully put out. Fire can be divided
into three categories: A, B, or C. An "A" type fire is primarily wood, paper and
fabric. "B" type fires are primarily flammable liquids (such as gasoline) and oil
based. Finally, "C" type fires are electrical in nature.
The number preceding the A, B, or C rating determines how big of fire the
extinguisher can put out. For example, a 10-B:C extinguisher would be able to
handle a 25 foot square fire of either flammable liquid or electrical origin. A 5-B:C
extinguisher could handle a 12.5 square foot fire that is flammable liquid or
electrical based.
How do I maintain my smoke alarms and fire extinguishers once they are
installed?
Smoke alarms and fire extinguishers are relatively easy to maintain; yet,
improper maintenance is the biggest reason smoke detectors and fire
extinguishers fail. IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT YOU MAINTAIN ALL YOUR
SMOKE ALARMS AND FIRE EXTINGUISHERS:
• Test your smoke alarms weekly by pressing the test button and your fire
extinguisher by checking the pressure gauge.
• Replace the battery in each smoke alarm at least once a year. Better yet, when
you change your clock for daylight saving time, change your battery.
• Never remove the battery except when replacing it with a fresh battery.
• Clean the smoke alarm at least once a year by simply putting a vacuum up to it
to pull out any bugs or dust that may have gotten caught.
Follow the instructions in the product's User's Manual for specific instructions on
how to install and maintain your smoke alarms and fire extinguishers.
Is there any other fire safety equipment that I need for my home?
Having working smoke alarms and fire extinguishers in your home greatly
reduces your risk of injury or death in a fire. However, First Alert also
recommends that you have flashlights in every bedroom in case of a fire
emergency. Since fire is very dark, a reliable working flashlight can help light
your way to safety. Additionally, carbon monoxide alarms are a vital safety
product necessary in any home since carbon monoxide is the leading cause of
accidental poisoning death in the U.S.**
What should I do if I hear the smoke alarms sound?
NEVER IGNORE THE SOUND OF A SMOKE ALARM. If the smoke alarm is
sounding its alarm, there is a reason. You and your family must be able to
escape quickly and safely. Here are several steps your family can learn and
rehearse for an emergency:
1. Have an escape plan. Discuss and practice your escape plans. Know two exits
from any room in the house.
2. Feel if the door is hot. Always feel the door to see if it is hot before opening It
to escape. If the doorknob or door is hot, do not use that exit. Use your alternate
exit to escape.
3. Crawl on the floor. Smoke from a fire rises and so does the temperature. If you
crawl on the floor there will be less smoke and the heat from the fire will be less
severe.
4. Meet at a prearranged spot outside the home. If you clearly show where
everyone is supposed to meet outside the home when there is a fire, it will be
easier to know who is safe.
5. Call the fire department from a neighbor's home. Be prepared to give your full
name and address to the operator at the other end of the line. Stay on the line
until the operator has all of the information needed.
6. Never go inside a burning building. Never return inside the house for any
reason. The firefighters will be there soon and they have special gear and clothes
that allow them to go into a fire.
If you follow these basic fire safety tips, you will increase your family's chances
for survival in a fire.
Are there other ways I can protect my family from fires?
The following is a fire safety checklist to lower the chances that a fire may start in
your home:
• Keep the furnace in working order.
• Use a fireplace screen.
• Have proper ventilation for heaters and other small appliances.
• Do not smoke in bed.
• Use the correct size fuses.
• Don't use worn out electrical wiring or run it under rugs or out windows or doors.
• Clear refuse away—the less clutter, the less fuel a fire has to feed on.
At First Alert, your family's fire safety is our first concern. But, we can't do it
alone. By properly equipping your home with smoke alarms and fire
extinguishers you'll be taking an important first step in providing total fire
protection for your family. If you have any other questions regarding fire safety,
please contact First Alert directly.
*Source: National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
**Source: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA)