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July1982
LEARNING IS FUN
WITH THE ZX-8I
We look inside
Spectrum
The independent magazine for the independent user
B.B.C.M I C R O A T O M
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A MAZE ADVENTURE k
GAME FOR 1
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STARTREK!
In which you
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trek
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photon torpedoes You have 1011qecud
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ZXDB DEBUGGER
•
MAZOGS
unlike
i s any
a other game you've seen on the M I . This is
without doubt the best game available for this computer,
b r a n
and if you don't believe us, ask somebody who has
d
seen
it or go down to your local computer shop and
ask
for
n
e a demonstration.
MAZOGS
is a maze adventure game with very fastw
moving animated graphics. A large proportion of the
g
a is written in machine code to achieve the most
program
m
e graphics you have ever seen on the ZX81
amazing
You
will
be confronted by a large and complex Maze,
f
which contains somewhere within it a glittering and
o
fabulous
Treasure. You not only have the problem of
r
finding
the treasure and bringing it out of the maze, you
must
also face the guardians of the maze in the form of
t
ah force of fearful Mazogs. Even if you survive their
attacks you could still starve to death if you get
e
hopelessly
lost. Fortunately, there are various ways in
I
which
you can get help on this dangerous mission.
There
are three levels of difficulty, and the game comes
6
complete
with comprehensive instructions. The cassette
K
on which the game is supplied is of the highest quality,
Z
and loading is guaranteed.
Mazogs
is available from Bug-Byte and most good
X
computer
shops at CIO. inclusive.
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L I V E R P O O L
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ZXTK 'mower
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CONS TE LLATION E 8 . 0 0
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P RO G RAM PACKS
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INVADERS
CHESS
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SIMULATION
GALAXIANS
BREAKOUT
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PINBALL
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ALL PRICES INCLUDE POSTAGE
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ZX81 B . B . C . MICRO A T O M
SU•7•82
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/4
5 S I NCLAI RV O Y ANCE We consider the future for retailing in the Sinclair market and
its effect on suppliers.
6 S CHO O LS SPOT A teacher. Dave Sayers, wr i tes about his experiences using the
ZX-81 i n his school.
9 LE TTE RS Mor e brickbats and bouquets from our readers,
1. 0 S I NCLAI R USER CLUB As our special club gets under way, we offer our second
Star Bargain to club members.
1 4 S P E CTRUM REVI EW Stephens Adams looks inside the new Sinclair machine and
likes what he sees.
1 9 N E W S W H Smi th's futur e pl ans, Z X shows ar ound t he countr y, a nd the
sponsorship of the Cambridge half-marathon.
2 2 A M A T E U R RADI O Julian Moss looks at the uses of the ZX-8I in radio shacks,
2 5 N E W USERS Last month. Nicole Segre told the story of the mother's lament of her
son's new computer. This month she tells how she fought back,
2 8 RE ADE R SURVEY We ask you to tell us what you think of Sinclair User and the
market for Sinclair products and spin-offs.
3 1 P RO G RAM PRI NTOUT Another eight pages of special programs, wi th one for the
ZX-80,
4 1 P RO G RAM AI DS Phil Garrett looks at dissassemblers and assemblers which are
on the market,
4 5 S O FTWARE SCENE We look at the new programs.
4 7 H A R D W A R E WO RLD Mor e of the ne w items i n the har dwar e mar ket a r e
reviewed_
5 2 N E W BUSINESS Richard Altwasser and Steven Vickers. two of the leading figures
in the design of the Spectrum, have launched their own company.
5 6 HE LP LI NE Andr ew Hewson and more of the problems which people find in using
t heir Sinc lair machines.
5 9 M I N D GAMES Philip Joy examines a game of chess which can fit into 1K.
6 2 M A C H I N E CODE The final par t of the series by Mi ke Bidden on machine code
programming.
6 4 CO MP E TI TI O N Following the success of our previous competitions, w e offer
another printer and the Memopak 64K RAM pack as prizes this month. •
6 5 ADV E RTI S E ME NT I NDEX Your guide to the many items on offer in the pages of
Sinc lair User
NEXT MON T H
• We assess Sinclair's new range of
educational software
• More of your queries answered in
Helpline
• ANOTHER GREAT OFFER TO SINCLAIR
CLUB MEMBERS
SINCLAIR USER J ul y 1982
3
FIRST CHOICE FOR ZX: SUPPORT:
LEADERS I N COMPUTER GAMES
ZX-80
NX-81
Co
Q8 D E F E N D E R .
- DOWN T H R U S T - FIRE
F irs t and o n ly fu ll screen display.
So ftwa re to d rive QS SOUND BD.
Mo vin g Pla n e ta ry surface. Up to
84 fast mo vin g ch a ra cte rs on
screen a t once. On screen sco rin g
Ten missile s at once. In cre a sin g
a tta ck p a tte rn s. Requires 8K
ROM, and 4 K min of RAM. £ 8 . 5 0 .
QS AS TE RO I DS
LEFT R I G H T T H R U S T F I R E
So ftwa re to d rive QS SOUND BD
Mu lt ip le missile s fi rin g in 8
d ire ctio n s. On screen scoring.
I n cre a sin g n u mb e r of asteroids.
Fu ll mo b ilit y of ship to all areas of
the screen. Two asteroid sizes
Bonus sh ip at 10,000 points.
Requires 8K ROM, 4K min of RAM
+ SLOW fu n ctio n . * 5 . 6 0 .
QS I NV ADE RS .
LEFT R I G H T - FIRE
13x 7 INVADERS; Hig h score; 3
levels of play; RND saucers; Bonus
base; Drive s Soi ind bd. & CHRS bd
Re q u ire s 7K RAM, 8K ROM 4
*- 5 . 5 0 .
Slow.
QS 3 K R A N Bd.
A n e xt re me ly re lia b le sta tic RAM
Bd_ wh ich co mb in e s wit h the
co mp u t e r's me mo ry to give 4K
total. Plugs d ire ct in to the re a r
p o rt on yo u r ZX Computer
18.00.
QS S O I I ND BD.
A p ro g ra mma b le sound effects
board u sin g the AY-3-8910, 3
TONES; I NOISE; ENVELOPE
SHAPER: + TWOS BIT I/O PORTS.
E a sily p ro g ra mma b le f ro m
BASIC, the A Y chip does mo st of
the wo rk le a vin g yo u r co mp u te r
free f o r o th e r things. Signal 0/P
via 3.5 mrn Ja ck socket Ports 0 /P
via a 18 p in LC. Socket. * 2 6 . 0 0 .
QS CHRS BD./
A p ro g ra mma b le ch a ra cte r
g e n e ra to r g ivin g - 1 2 8 SEPARATELY PROGRAMMABLE
CHARACTERS. ON/OFF SWITCH.
1K ON BOARD RAM. Enables
cre a tio n and d isp la y of your o wn
ch a ra cte rs to screen o r p rin te r.
Demo cassette of fast ma ch in e
code operation ro u tin e s and lo we r
case alphabet included. See below
fo r ZX PRINTER listin g . * 2 6 . 0 0 .
C I S
-
LOUER
C R 5 E
t _ i t , g h i j k t o n o p q r s t u v wx
,
it
QS I I I - R E S BD.
A Hi-re s g ra p h ics board g ivin g
258 1 9 2 PIXELS. 8K ON BD.
RAM. SOFTWARE SELECT/
DESELECT. MI X E D TEXT AND
GRAPHICS. 2K ON BOARD ROM.
Resident fast ma ch in e code
g ra p h ics so ftwa re (I n RUM)
p ro vid e s the f o llo win g HI-RES
Co mma n d s. - MOVE x, y, PLOT x,
y; DRA W x, y, BOX x,y; UP; DOWN;
LEFT; RIGHT; PRINT AS; SCROLL;
BLACK; WHI TE CLEAR COPY See
above f o r ZX P RINTE R listin g s
u sin g COPY £ 8 5 . 0 0 .
QS M O T H E R SCIARD BD. & QS
CO NNE CTO R.
A re lia b le e xp a n sio n system
a llo win g a total o f any RAM pack
p lu s two o th e r plug in boards to ty•
in use at once. On board 5V
re g u la t o r d rive s a ll external
boards. Fitte d wit h t wo 23 way
double sided edge connectors
Co n n e cto r is 2 *2 3 way edge
co n n s soldered back to back.
E xp a n sio n can operate in two
w a y s - ( 1 )COMPUTER • •
CONNECTOR -- • An y QS add on bd,
(b u t no e xtra RAM pack ). ( 2 )
COMPUTER - • CONNECTOR • •
MOTHE R BD • • ANY RAM PACK
( 2 bds to fi t in mo t h e r bd M o t h e r
board * 1 2 . 0 0 Connector * 4 . 0 0 .
Special offer s & n e w s
4;18 P RI NTE RFA CE Con:le0.6 a. ZX L e r to an Ac orn At
easy, to• uso
; r t gives
S i Ilstings.
m
pc ommands
l . : and Hi-Res screen dump. On board
2K ROM £ 2 8 . 0 0
( A ) CIS H A R M O N Y A mac hine code programme for the QS sound board.
gives you easy c ont rol of phasing, chorus. tempo, volume, pitch. Complete
wi t h s ample programme to play the serenade f rom Mozart's Don Glovanni
ZX81. 4K RAM £ 4 . 8 0
(
ARCTI
C COIEPITITNG'S EX CHESS 11. * 4 5 . 0 0 .
3
The stro n g e st chess p ro g ra m wit h 7 levels of play
)
Q STAL AND MONEY ORDERS TO:
PO
A
L
L
S
QUI
M GI S KLI TA: 9 $
Please state 'Type of machine, Which ROM, Memory size, when ordering_
9o
PRODUCTS FULLY GUARANTED.
sinclairvoyance
Tempting gap in market
and are unlikely to be in the future. That is
especially true o f the home computer market,
where changes can happen so quickly.
The British companies involved are also small.
One big push by a large Japanese conglomerate
could be sufficient to push them on to the sidelines.
If the market is as big as estimated, it would not
even b e necessary t o launch a particularly
innovative product model.
It would be pleasant to think it would be a British
company which takes the plunge.
I market for home computers, they should take
note of the experience of W H Smith. The
F
company sells more magazines on computers than it
A
does women's magazines. T h e re a r e t h ree
computer publications which sell more copies than
N
the most popular women's magazine.
Y
This explains why Smiths is expanding that side
O
of its retailing steadily. As the company puts it. most
N
of its sales are in "maturing markets", so the need
to find new and dynamic lines is essential for its
E
qfuture.
The growth potential i s phenomenal. I t i s
uestimated that, despite sales of almost 500.000
eZX-81s, Sinclair Research has tapped only about
4
two
percent
o
f
the
estimated
home
computer
s
1
THERE IS possibly something
to be said for the
tmarket. Despite allowing for the fact that it is ponderous decision structures
1
of
many of Britain's
difficult to assess a market which did not exist two
iyears ago, there is still an enormous hole in the major companies. With the
1 limitation of personal
initiative
and
the
promotion
of company spirit, the
omarket.
1
wish to leave and start a new business is severely
n Smith's reaction in the medium term is to try to curtailed.
m
ecover the whole market for both hardware and
Compare that to Clive 0
Sinclair's companies, past
software. I n the long term, i t is thinking o f
dspecialising on one sector, probably software. That and present, where initiative
and freedom o f
0
tensures that the route future development will thought have been encouraged. It is one of the
of being a small company that it is possible
hfollow is much the same as that for the music benefits
and
i
t
has
been used, b y Sinclair Research
emarket — few people these days expect to be able to especially, to put new ideas into practice quickly.
buy records in the same place as they buy their
The freedom, however, is not total. In the end it is
smusic systems.
Clive
Sinclair who takes the important decisions.
i Follow the route a little further and you begin
ztalking about computer systems designed for home Having tasted some easing of constraints, it can be
very frustrating when there is still some limitation
euse. One vision of the future, suggested by W H to action.
Smith, is that people start by buying some kind of
It was that frustration which led to the departure
osimple keyboard which, in basic form, could be used
f as a typewriter or calculator. To this could be of Richard Altwasser to join a growing band of
former Sinclair colleagues from whom he now
t added various types of processor, memory and faces some form of competition.
hprinter, to build a personal system to suit a variety
The people behind Acorn Computers and the
of requirements.
e Such thinking is perfectly logical and likely to Grundy Newbrain, which finally was launched last
phappen, since it sounds very like the way in which month, all worked with Sinclair at some stage.
oSony developed the music market. Before Sony split Altwasser and his partner, Steven Vickers, are
keeping quiet about their plans but it is unlikely they
smusic centres into various parts, most people will be straying far from the microcomputer field
listened to their music on record players built as
sone unit. Such a thought prompts the question as to they know so well.
Whether their new company will be big enough to
i what the Japanese a re doing about the home
consider launching a new computer is open to
bcomputer market.
It would be comforting to think that the lead conjecture. Leaving that aside for the moment.
l which
Sinclair Research a n d other British there is still a large market in software and
ecompanies have in the field would be an advantage hardware peripherals where they could compete
but such leads have been no insurance in the past with their former employer.
SINCLAIR USER J u l y 19/32
5
Simplicity is best
learning pattern
Dave Sayers relates how the ZX-81 has
helped learning in his school.
learning tool is often quoted
T
in papers and magazines, yet
H of the published programs are
most
E
games
and adventures — and good
P
they are, too. Nonetheless, it is a pity
that
O more educational games a re
not
W published; the little ZX-8 I w i th
even
a basic 1K memory can be used
E
to
many of the fundamentals
R teach
of
ma th e ma ti cs o r , w i t h m o r e
o
memory,
English.
f The example programs included
a th i s a rti cl e , therefore, a r e a l l
in
written
m
w i th i n I K . Th e reason i s
simple.
i
To be good. a teaching game
need
not
be complicated. Preferably
c
it
sh
o
u
l
d
te a c h o n l y o n e th i n g ,
r
though
th a t i s n o t to say th a t
o
mixtures o f approaches a r e n o t
a
desirable.
s It should also, i f possible, have a
a
graphics display to help keep the
attention of the child. Another good
reason for keeping games simple is
that many ZX owners, or owners of
other machines, a re young people
used to help to teach children who
can co u n t w h o have d i ffi cu l ty i n
associating those numbers with the
written n u mb e r — f o r instance,
seven.
As you can see, I am starting a t
the very fi rst basis of counting. My
daughter h a s sta rte d learning t o
write, o r record, numbers greater
than 10, and this kind of game can be
a great help. A program I have used
flashes rows o f squares fo r her to
input the number — fi gure two. It
was written specifically to help her
understand t h e w a y i n w h i c h
numbers above 1 0 a r e recorded.
The same program, o f course, can
be adapted easily to give help with
numbers above 20.
Although t h e p r o g r a m s m a y
appear limited, they are still giving
valuable practice in learning skills
which, i f not understood fully, can
lead l a t e r t o d i f fi c u l t y i n
comprehending, f o r instance, th e
value attached to a carried 1 — in
9 + 9 we carry
o n e
"
w h
i c
h
10. You may say that is well known
ibut rest assured there are plenty of
schildren who find the true value of a
rcarried
e figure a total mystery.
a Computer-aided
l
learning can give
those
children
valuable
lessons, for
l
y
they w i l l know immediately i f they
are correct or incorrect. In classes
'The little ZX-81 w i t h even a basic 1K
memory can be used to teach the fundamentals of mathematics mathematics'
like myself who have children a t
school. W i t h th e Z X available, i t
would be a waste if it were not used
constructively to fu rth e r a child's
education.
Initially m o s t people p ro b a b l y
write p ro g ra ms o f t h e 6 x 5 = ?
variety. Th e y a r e useful b u t n o t
especially i n te re sti n g . T r y t h e
program in figure one.
It i s v e r y simple; th e program
prints o u t 1 0 r o w s o f g ra p h i cs
squares. w i t h t h e n u m b e r o f
squares printed at the end. It can be
6
S
I
N
where books are marked once a
lesson, th e incorrectness o f w h a t
they h a v e d o n e m a y b e c o m e
apparent o n l y a t th e e n d o f th e
lesson — or next day.
Once w e have th e ch i l d underC
L
A
standing counting to a certain total,
speed practice becomes important
in helping the child to rely less on
physical cues of number and begins
to depend on their internal memory
of where they are in the count. The
games s h o u l d s h o w v a r y i n g
numbers o f shapes quickly on the
screen, fo r w h i ch a running to ta l
has to be kept b y th e child, to be
entered at the end of the run.
HISSING SID i s a n example o f
such a program. Snakes appear on
the screen, varying numbers each
time. A to ta l i s i n p u t a t th e end,
which is checked — figure three.
There i s p l e n ty o f f u n w h i l e
learning to count with this program,
especially i f it is altered to print the
total at the end, after a short pause,
to give children a chance to shout
the answers. They love to see who
can be first with the correct answer.
Figure four shows how to do this.
This program can be altered i n
both speed of display and numbers
of snakes. For larger numbers alter
line 2 0 and fo r less time between
displays alter line 100. If you make it
long enough a n d q u i ck enough i t
becomes fa i r l y te sti n g , e ve n f o r
adults.
I wrote a similar program on the
Pet at school and tried it on my own
class, a s w e l l a s th e class o f a
colleague.
My class, b y n o w fa i r l y blase
where m i c r o s a r e concerned —
some of them prefer me to use the ZX
their fathers o r brothers own one
and they can crib my programs —
enjoyed i t a g re a t deal . T h e
colleague, w h o w a s interested i n
I
R
USER J u l y 1982
what the computer could do, w a s
surprised by the way in which some
of the less-motivated children were
captivated b y the game. She w a s
particularly impressed w i t h t h e
way i n which one boy, w h o w a s
finding addition a tri a l , began to
store the numbers in his head: then.
staring into space for a minute or so,
as h e totalled th e m, h e fi n a l l y
delivered h i s answ er i n a v e r y
positive way.
Cone were the uncertainties he
had about w ri tte n sums. when he
would often be at the teacher's desk
complaining t h a t h e c o u l d n o t
understand. Replacing i t w a s th e
desire to boat the computer, to have
his answer before i t flashed on the
screen.
BRIDGES is a game in which the
children attempt to build a bridge by
answ eri ng a d d i t i o n q u e s ti o n s
correctly. Each correct answer puts
another sp a n o n th e bridge. A s
before, t h e y a r e a d d i n g b l o cks,
figuret
le
20
30
40
50
80
70
FOR 1 = 1 T O 1 0
FOR J = 1 T O I
P R I N T "Mt - ;
NEXT J
PRI NT I
PRI NT
NEXT I
Figure2.
10
R
. O
,
30
*
4 01
L E T
C L 5
FOR
R = f I N T
I R N E
I = 1
A
0P )R4I .N1T0 )
TO
A
50 NE X T I
55 P RI NT
60 I NP UT 6
70 I F A = 6 T H E N G O TO
eke P R I N T -. ; A
RO
O RN IG= 1 T O 1 0 0
W RF O
100 NE X T I
1 ,1 0 O L S
1 I2 e G OT T O 1 0
Fi gurWel
A
SS C L 5
10 L E T c = 0
20 LE T A = ( I N T ( R N D * 5 ) + 1 )
30 FO R I = 1 T O A
40 L E T 8 = ( I N T ( R N D 4 6 ) + 1 )
SO L E T O = C + 6
60 FO R J = 1 T O 5
70 P R I N T " ( 3 5 P A C E 5 ) - W w W W W
W M
1 "
30 P R I N T
96 0 N E X T J
100 FO R K = 1 T O 7 0
110 NE X T K
115 OLS
120 NE X T I
130 P R I N T “ HO W MANY 5 N A K E 5 ? "
140 I N P U T D
150 I F D = C T H E N GOTO
160 P R I N T “ THE RE WE RE ” ; C ; " 5 N A
KES
SINCLAIRUSER J ul y 1982
170
180
190
FO R I = 1
NE X T I
GOTO
rather than numbers — figure five.
When the game is run, blocks, in
two rows, appear on the screen. I f
they are added correctly. a span is
added to the bridge. I f they are not
added correctly, there is no penalty;
the p ro b l e m resumes a g a i n a n d
again until it is solved correctly.
That is important, as there is no
worry that the child will feel he or
she h a s fa i l e d o n t h e fi r s t f e w
attempts i f the bridge is not nearing
completion.
Those w i t h 1 6 o r m o r e K o f
memory might like to improve this
program. Fo r instance, th e bridge
may fi ll the whole screen and every
time there is an incorrect answer a
man might w a l k along th e bridge
and fall off, to land in a boat, from
where he is returned to the bridge to
climb and tr y again. Whether you
use these ideas or not, it is important
to pay careful attention to what you
want yo u r program t o teach a n d
never to take fo r granted the idea
that children understand the logic
of mathematics.
T O
1 0 0
Figure 4,
Change these lines
130 for u I t o 150
140 next u
DO not forget to delete line 150.
Fi gur e5•
6
7
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
LET S = 0
PRI NT
PRI NT
PRI NT
FOR I = 1
T O
1 0
PRINT
Alisclei spRcEs)aligNEXT I
LET A = ( I N T ( R N D * 9 ) + 1 )
LET 8 = ( I N T ( R N D 4 9 ) + 1 )
FOR I = 1 T O A
PRI NT A T 1 5 , I ; " 1 "
NEXT I
FOR I = 1 T O Et
_too P R I N T R T 1 7 , I ; " 1 "
NEXT I
120
LET 5=54-1
130
I NPUT D
1'35 I F D > R 4 . 8 T H E N L E T 5 =
140
I F D= A+ 8 THE N P R I N T A
1; "al - A
150
I F 5 = 1 0 THE N GOTO 3 0 0
1.6e1 P5 R+ I N T A T 1 5 , 1 ;
170 P
- RI NT A T 1 7 , 1 " ( 1 2 S P
160
I F 5 = 1 0 A N D D=A4-5 T H E
C 1 2
400
190
5I F PD =AA +C5 ET H5E N) G O T O 4 0
200
G O TO 6 0
"P R I N T 400
Y O U
B U I
L T
A
5 - 1
T 3
ACE S ) "
N GOTO
7
Explore the Excellence
of your7JE81
With ITIEVIOTECHAdd-Ons
riemoTun
ADD-011
1
plus
5UST
2
4
3
0
• Switching inverse video on and
off gives flashing characters/numerals etc
• Video pages can be • Access to video page is
superimposed by s i m i l a r to plot and unplot
software switching c o m m a n d s in BASIC
The pack comes in an elegant aluminium case, anodised black and
Styled to fit onto the back of the ZX81. allowing more add-ons IMemopak
RAM, Sinclair printer. etc) to be connected without a further power supply
It contains a 2K EPROM monitor, holding a full range of graphics subroutines which
can be called by the BASIC USA function or by machine code
For your future needs, well
allow you El ° against your
purchase of our 64K model if:
you return your 16K pack within 3
months of receipt:
you supply evidence of purchase.
your 16K model is received by us
undamaged and unopened.
- • We reserve rhe right to rmect 10, Obscountog purposes Jrtrrl,
whet
,
Oa
., e
b
e
e r
,
e
t
,
t
h
e
f
o
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n
e
d
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f
d
a
m
a
g
e
d
,
n
a
n
y
w
a
y
• Fully programmable high
resolution (192 x 248
pixels).
• Video page is both memory
and but mapped.
• Video page can be located
anywhere in the RAM
• The number ol video pages
is limited only by your RAM
N N s i z e each page occupies
about 6.5K RAM) and
pages can overlap.
• Instant inverse video. i n
Memopak 16K Memory Extension
MEIWTECII
EIDD-011
It is a fact that the ZX81 has revolutionised home computing and coupled with the new
Memopak 16K it gives you a massive 16K of Directly Addressable RAM, which is neither
switched nor paged. With the addition of the Memopak 16K your ZX81's enlarged
memory capacity will enable it to execute longer and more sophisticated programs, and to
hold an extended database
The 16K and 64K Memopaks come in attractive custom-designed and engineered cases
which fit snugly on to the back of the ZX81 giving firm, wobble-free connections
12600
plus
UST
Memopak 64K Memory Extension
mvisancts
1100-0t1
I 6/3
plus
10
URT
The 64K Memopah is a pack which extends ill memory Di Itie ZXB1 by a further 56K, an
together with the ZX81 gives a full 64K, which is neither switched nor paged. and is
directly addressable. The unit is user transparent and accepts BASIC commands such as
10 DIM A(9000),
BRE AKDO WN OF MEMORY AREAS
0 - 8 K S i n c l a i r ROM 8-16K T h i s section of memory switches in or Out in 4K blocks
to leave space lor memory mapping. holds its contents during cassette loads, allows
communication between programmes, and can be used to run assembly language
'outines. 18-32K • Thi s area can be used for BASIC programmes and assembly
anguage routines. 32-64K 3 2 K of RAM memory for BASI C variables and large arrays
With the Memopak 64K extension the ZX81 is transformed into a powerful computer.
suitable for business, leisure and educational use, at a fraction of the cost of comparable
1systems.
MEMOPAK RAM
Price N o
Total
Please send me
I
CENTRONICS_f
E29 90
16K RAM (a E26.00 * E3 90 VAT
P cheques payable to
t
E79.00
l
64K RAM (Ft E68.69 - E10.31 V AT
I
t
e Please Debit my
HAG 0
M
_ E59.80
1
a AccessBarclaycard• 1
E account number
Packaging
&
Postage
(a)
E2
00
per
unit
A complete range of ZX81 p e n p h e r a l s
s
E52.
M
TO TAL ENC
Centr oni cs Interface & Softwar e Drivers
e
00
O
•
Reese
delete
wh•cheve
Digitising Tablet R S 2 3 2 Interface
m
4
, d o e s r h o t
T
We regret we are as yet unable to accept a SIGNATURE
D
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a p p l y
E
orders or enquiries concerning the above E
k NAME
A
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S
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products, but well let you know as soon
e
T E L E P H O N E
8
H
as they become available.
0
CR Bre nton L O A C Boyd 1962 L • • • m •
t
We want to be sure you are satisfied with your Memopak
— so we offerV a 1 4
A
d
Memotech
Limited, 3 Collins Street, Oxford 0X4
1XL, England Tel:
Oxford (0865) 722102 Telex: 837220 Orchid G
T
.
Coming
S o o n I
•
W
RES GRAPHICS
1
I
.
/I
T
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s
cl
of.CC
-1
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,
c091U.,00 1S e
4
0
l, 0n1
aco
'
j
l
t
c
a
should
be and so i t pulls
t
the
connections
apart. The
t
answer
i s simple — j u st
°
remove
the case.
'
Giles Colborne,
„
Galampton.
,
Devon.
,
,
Memory
wobbles
MUCH has been written on
the subject o f R AM pack
wobble, l i ttl e o f i t giving
any sound advice as to how
it may be prevented. I feel
that th e th r e e solutions
which I have found are the
best to date.
The Sinclair RAM would
be as good as any other,
except fo r the fa ct that i t
does not appear to be very
eager t o s t a y o n t h e
computer and will jump off
when any key i s touched
hard enough.
If you have E 2 to spare.
you can buy a ribbon cable
and solder one end to the
RAM and plug the other to
the edge connector o f the
PCB. T h a t m e a n s t h a t
when yo u h i t a k e y to o
hard, a l l th a t happens i s
that t h e r i b b o n c a b l e
absorbs the shock.
The second method i s
simpler and cheaper and
just as effective. A l l th a t
you do is to take a piece of
Blutack and place it on the
RAM. a b o v e t h e e d g e
connector. When you plug
in the RAM it is held to the
computer by the Blutack.
The th i r d w a y t o stop
RAM w o b b l e , h o w e ve r,
does n o t c o n c e r n t h e
Sinclair RAM but the Byg
Byte RAM. Initially there
is nothing wrong w i th the
RAM and it is a very good
alternative to the Sinclair
RAM but the case is about
three ti me s t h e si ze i t
SINCLAIR USER J uly 1982
I know that you can obtain a fi l t e r u n i t w h i c h
goes b e tw e e n t h e w a l l
socket a n d th e computer
plug which w i l l suppress
the spikes b u t I d o n o t
know which type would be
best for my ZX-81.
Could you advise me as
to which method of solving
the p ro b l e m y o u w o u l d
suggest a n d w h e r e t h e
goods can be obtained?
Paul Coker.
London SEUL
•Can readers help? W e
are se n d i n g i t t o o u r
I WA S ve ry interested i n Helpline co rre sp o n d e n t,
your article on the ZX-81 Andrew Hewson, to see i f
16K R A M pack, i n p a rt- he knows the answer.
i cu l a r t h e p a r t w h i c h
stated th a t th e computer
can suffer from whiteouts I AM very grateful for the
due to the fl uctuations i n April issue of Sinclair User
but i t does not tell me how
the mains supply.
I have found th a t to be to make my p ri n te r work.
The books which are sold
an a n n o y i n g p r o b l e m ,
especially when loading a do n o t te l l you, either. I t
program which takes more would b e much b e tte r i f
than four minutes to run. you t o l d people h o w a
I have heard that is due 7.-X-81 works, otherwise I
shall have to sell mine and
to the voltage spikes in the
g ri d o v e r - l o a d i n g t h e buy an Apple.
I w ri te and w ri te again
memory and re-setting it to
to
Sinclair, w i th o u t even
the input mode, leaving the
an
acknowledgment.
mode K o n m y scre e n ,
Maurice Nadin,
which has happened tome.
Surrey.
I know th a t th i s i s the
•iNe
h
o
p
e
l
a
t
e
r
issues
problem, as the same tape
and equipment will record have been more help and
perfectly during the times that yo u h a ve n o t been
when the grid system is not compelled t o t a k e t h e
being used a g re a t deal; drastic step o f buying an
i.e.. b e fo re 8 .3 0 am a n d Apple.
between 2 pm and 4.30 pm.
It is not always convenient
or possible to work on my
computer a t those times; CONGRATULATIONS o n
mostly I like to work in the an excellent magazine. I t
evenings, which can be the is j u s t w h a t Z X u s e r s
worst ti m e f o r th e p r o - wanted. I a m n o t a p ro blem.
grammer and prior to buy-
Stopping
whiteouts
Apple threat
Changing to
machine code
9
ing my 'IA I did not have a
clue. Through practice, I
am rapidly picking-up the
techniques a n d fi n d th e
hobby ve ry interesting. I
find, having bought some
programs w r i t t e n i n
machine code, t h a t th e y
are eminently superior to
anything I have written, or
purchased, w r i t t e n i n
Basic. To you, that may be
an obvious statement but it
has become cl e a r t o me
only on running them.
What I would like to do
is to understand machine
code — o f w h i ch I n o w
understand the basic principles — and, i f possible,
to b u y a program w h i ch
could convert some o f my
many Basic programs into
machine c o d e . I s t h a t
possible?
From y o u r a d ve rti se ments there are one or two
fi rms o ffe r i n g p ro d u cts
which look as i f they may
answer t h e p ro b l e m —
Control Technology, Bu g
Byte, to name two - but
they do not give sufficient
detail for me to decide.
I am told that what I am
really looking for is a Compiler b u t I have n o t y e t
seen anything advertised
as such. Does one exist?
Can you recommend a n y
good books o r a co n ta ct
with whom to discuss the
matter?
D R Wall,
Manchester.
•Do readers have any advice? Meanwhile, we have
passed t h e q u e r y t o
Andrew Hewson, o u r
Helpline correspondent.
•L e tte rs should be kept as
brief as possible and addressed t o T h e E d i to r .
Sinclair U se r, 30-31 I s l ington G r e e n , L o n d o n
N18131. Space considerations mean th a t i t may be
necessary to edit long letters.
1
AS A FURTHER service to users of Sinclair computers, Sinclair
User is starting the Sinclair User Club.
Membership will cost E12, which will enable members to
enjoy a large number of extra benefits. They will include a
bi-monthly cassette-based newsletter containing programs
and answering problems, and many special discounts on a
variety of goods of interest to ZX owners.
Sinclair User will also contain stories about the club and its
activities in each issue.
It is intended to build-up the number of items which will be
available at special prices to club members, with a Star Offer
each month.
Readers wishing to share the benefits of membership of the
Sinclair User Club should complete the form below.
MEMBERSHIP FORM
I wish to join the Sinclair User Club and enclose my subscription of El 2
Name
Address
Send your coupons to Sinclair User Club, EGG Publications, 30-31
Islington Green, London Ni 813j. Cheques should be made payable to
Sinclair User Club.
10
S
I
N
C
L
A
I
R
USER J ul y 1982
Sinclair user
club
E3 off the Dean
Electronics
keyboard
For this month's bargain, open only to members of the Sinclair User Club, we
are offering to reduce the price of what many people consider to be the best
keyboard available for the ZX-81, the Dean Electronics keyboard.
It is simple to fit, plugging straight into the ZX-81 after the built-in keyboard
has been unplugged. It has 47 keys, six more than the ZX-81. The extra keys
can be used for whatever the owner wishes.
The normal price is E35 but we are able to offer the keyboard through Buffer
Micro Shop for only E32. In addition, the case, which usually costs E14.50, is
offered at El 3.50.
Membership cards must be shown or numbers must be quoted when taking
advantage of the offer, which closes on July 31.
Buffer Micro Shop is at 374A Streatham High Road, London SW16, next to
Streatham Station.
Each month Sinclair User will be listing, free, the growing
number of ZX user groups throughout the world.
We hope the list will be comprehensive and if anyone is
forming a new group or knows of one we have not included,
please let us know.
Britain
Aylesbury Z X Co mp u t e r Cl u b ; K e n Knight . 2 2 Mo u n t St reet
Aylesbury (5181 o r 630867). Meetings: fi rs t Wednes day and t hird
Thursday of the month.
Edinburgh ZX Users Cl ub: J. Palmer (031 661 3183) or K Mitchell
(031 3 3 4 8483), Meet ings : s ec ond Wednes day of t he mont h a t
Claremont Hotel.
EZUG-Educational ZX-80/81 Users' Group: Eric Deeson. Hi ghgate
School. Birmingham 1312 9DS.
Glasgow ZX-80/81 Us ers ' Club: I an Wat t , 107 Greenwood Road.
Clarkston. Glasgow G76 7 LW (041 638 1241). Meetings: second and
Fourth monday of each month.
Hassocks ZX Micro User Club, Sussex: Paul King (Hassocks 4530).
Inverclyde ZX-81 Us ers ' Club: Robert Wat t . 9 St. John's Road,
Gourock, Renf rews hire, P A 1 9 1 P L (Gouroc k 39967). Meet ings :
Every other week on Monday at Greenock Society of the Deaf, Kelly
Street, Greenock.
Nat ional ZX-80 and ZXI I I Us ers ' Club: 44-46 Earls Court Road,
London W8 6EJ.
North Her tfor dshi r e Hom e Computer Cl ub: R Cr utchfiel d. 2
Durham Road, Stevenage: Meetings: fi rst Friday of the month at the
Settlement, Nevells Road, Let c hwort h.
North London Hobby Computer Cl ub: ZX users' gr oup meets at
Nort h London Poly t ec hnic , Ho l l o wa y Road, L o n d o n N 7 e a c h
Monday, 6prn.
Nottingham Mi cr ocomputer Cl ub: ZX-80181 user s' gr oup, G E
Basford. 9 Holme Close. The Pastures, Woodborough, Not t ingham.
Orpingt on Co mp u t e r Cl u b : Ro g e r Py alt , 2 3 A r u n d e l Dr i v e ,
Orpington, Kent. (Orpingt on 20281).
SINCLAIR USER l u i y 1982
1
Post O f f l e Us ers ' Club: Vernon Quaint ain, Head Post Offi ce, St
Mart in' s le Grand, London, E d .
Sc unt horpe ZX Club: C P Hazellon, 26 Rilestone Place, Bottesford,
Scunthorpe; (0724 63466).
W o r k Co mp u t e r Club: S W Rabone. 1 8 Cas t le Road. W o r k .
Wes t on-s uper-Mare 11S22 9 1 W (Wes t on-s uper-Mare 513068).
Meetings: Woods prings Inn, Work ), on alt ernat e Mondays.
ZX Ai d: Conr ad Roe. 25 Cher r y Tr ee Avenue. Wal sal l WS5 41,11
(Wals all 25467) to cover Wals all and West Bromwic h area,
ZX-80/ ZX8I Us ers ' Cl u b : P O Box 159, Kings t on-on-Thames . A
postal club.
Overseas
Belgium, Franc e Lux embourg: Club ZX-80/81, Roger Betz. Chemin
du Moulin 38, B-1328 Ohain, Belgium: (322 8537 468).
Denmark : Danmark s Nat ional ZX-80/81 Klub (DNZK), Jens Larson,
Skovmosevej 6.4200 Slagelese. post giro 1 48 24 66.
East Netherlands: Jonathon Meyer. Van Spaen Street 22.6524 H.N.
Nijmegen; (080 223411).
Germany: ZX - 8 0 Cl ub. a postal cl ub: contact Thomas lenczyk.
Hameln, Postfach 65 13-3250 Hameln. Germany.
Indonesia: Jakarta ZX-80/81 Users' Club. 73 Cnoc Crionain. Haile
Atha, Cliat h 1_
Spain: Club Nac ional de Us uarios del ZX-81. los eph-Oriol Tomas.
Avda. de Madrid. No 203 207, 10, 3a esc. A Barc elona-14 Espana.
Uni ted States: Bay Ar ea ZX-80 User Gr oup, 2660 Las Aromas,
Oak land CA94611. — Harv ard Group. Bolt on Road, Harv ard MA
01451; (617 456 3967),
1
MICHAEL ORWIN S ZX81 CASSETTES
CASSETTE 2
QUOTES
"Michael Orwin's 1E5Cassette Two is very good value. Ten games in Basic fo r 16k ZX81
It contains 10 stolid well designed games which work, offer Cassette Two contains Reversi, Awari, Laser Bases, Word
plenty of variety and choice, and are fun."
Mastermind, Rectangles, Crash, Roulette, Pontoon,
From the ZX Software review in
Penny Shoot and Gun Command.
Your Computer, May '82 issue.
Cassette Two costs £5.
"I had yo u r Invaders/ React cassette . . . I w a s
delighted with this first cassette."
P. Rubython, London NW10 CASSETTE 3
ZX81
"I have been intending to write to you for some days 8 programs for 16k
to say how much I enjoy the games on 'Cassette One' STARSHIP TROJAN
which you supplied me with earlier this month."
Repair y o u r S ta r s h i p b e fo r e
E.H., London SW4
disaster strikes. Hazards include
asphyxiation, radiation, escaped
. . . . I previously bought your Cassette One and
biological specimens and plunging
consider it to be good value for money!"
into a Supernova.
Richard Ross-Langley
STARTREK This version o f th e w e l l kn o w n space
Managing Director
Mine of Information Ltd.
adventure game features variable Klingon mobillity, and
graphic photon torpedo tracking.
PRINCESS OF KRAAL An adventure game.
BATTLE Strategy game for 1 to 4 players.
CASSETTE 1
KALABRIASZ World's silliest card game, full of pointless
(eleven lk programs)
complicated rules.
CUBE Rubik Cube simulator, w i th l o ts o f functions
machine code:
React, Invaders, Phantom aliens, Maze of death, Planet including 'Backstep'.
SECRET MESSAGES This message coding program is
lander, Bouncing letters, Bug splat.
very txlp oexi jf.
Basic:
I Ching, Mastermind, Robots, Basic Hangman. PLUS MARTIAN CRICKET A simple b u t addictive game
Large screen versions o f Invaders and Maze o f Death, (totally unlike Earth cricket) in machine code. The speed is
variable, and its top speed is very fast.
Ready for when you get 16k.
Cassette 3 costs £5.
Cassette One costs £3.80
CASSETTE 4
7
games for 16k 2X131
INVADERS
ZX-SCRAMBLE (machine code) with 3 stages. G U N F I G H T
code)
(
m
a
c h i n e code)
Bomb and shoot your way through the fortified caves. ( m a c h i n e
ar
--.
.
,-/
. 41
T71 _.•
4
.
;
:
, •
auk Am Am
A m
a
7,
p l7 ,
R
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O
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OM M k a
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, ii ..
i
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•
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.
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•
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a
GALAXY INVADERS (machine code)
L
I
F
E
(machine code)
of the well known game.
Fleets of swooping and diving alien craft to fight o ff.
A
ZX81 version
(Basic)
SNAKEBITE (machine code)
3
D
TIC
Eat the snake before it eats you. Variable speed. P l a y e d on a 4 x 4 x 4 board, this is a game for the
(very
b
r
a
i
n
,
it is very hard to beat the computer at it.
T
A Cfast at top speed).
TOE
6 of the 7 games are in machine code, because this is much faster than Basic. (Some
of these games were previously available from J. Steadman). Cassette 4 cost £5.
Recorded on quality cassettes, sent by first class post, from:
Michael Orwin, 26 Brownlow Rd., Willesden, London NW10 9Qt. (mail order only please)
12
SI NCLAI R USER l u ly 1982
A U TO M AT I C
TAPE CONTROL
ZX99
The logical extension f o r 0 9 • 9 5
the Sinclair Z X 8 I giving
data retrieval & word processing
plus P & P
The ZX99 Tape Control system is a sophisticated extension to.
the Sinclair ZX81 Microcomputer, providing remarkable
additional capabilities, which allow both the beginner and
expert access to a professional computing system without the
expected expense.
* D A T A PROCESSING
The ZX99 gives you fu ll software co n tro l o f up to fo u r tape
decks (two for reading and t wo fo r writin g ) a llo win g merging of
data files to update and mo d if y them. Th is is achieved b y using
the remote sockets o f the tape decks to control th e ir mo to rs as
commanded by a program.
* P R I N T E R INTERFACE
The ZX99 has a RS232C interface allowing yo u direct
connection with any such serial p rin te r using the in d u stry
standard ASCII ch a ra cte r code (yo u can n o w p rin t on plain
paper in upper and lo we r case and u p to 132 characters
per line.)
* M A N Y SPECIAL FEATURES
There are so many d iffe re n t features that it is d if fi cu lt to list
them all:
For example:
AUTOMATIC TAPE TO TAPE COPY: Y o u can co p y any
data file regardless o f yo u r me mo ry capacity (a C90 has
approx 200K bytes on it ) as it is loaded through the Sinclair
block by block.
TAPE BLOCK SKIP wit h o u t destroying the contents o f
memory.
DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION to assist in achieving the best
recording settings.
* T A P E DRIVES
We supply (and guarantee its co mp a ta b ility) a Tape Drive
that works with yo u r computer.
* C O M P U T E R C A SSETTES
We supply quality (screw assembled) co mp u te r cassettes.
Please enquire fo r any n o t shown:
The ZX 9 9 contains its own 2 K RO M wh ich acts as an extension
to the fi rmwa re already resident in yo u r ZX8 1 'S own ROM. The
ZX99's RO M contains the tape operating system, whose
functions are accessed via Basic USR fu n ctio n calls. Each
function has an e n try address which mu st be quoted after the
USR ke ywo rd . A ll o f the functions can be used in program
statements, o r in imme d ia te commands (i.e. both statements
with line numbers and commands wit h o u t them).
There is an extension board on the rear to plug in yo u r RA M
pack (larger than 1 6 K if required). The u n it is supplied with
one special cassette lead, mo re are available at E l each
(see below).
COMPREHENSIVE USER M A N U A L
INCLUDED I N PR IC E
* Z X 9 9 SOFTWARE*
We n o w have available " E d it o r-9 9 " , a q u a lity wo rd processing
program in clu d in g mail-merge, supplied on cassette fo r E9.95.
Also, fo llo win g soon will be:
• Stock Co n tro l
•
Ord e r Processing
• Sales Ledger
*
De b to rs Ledger
• Business Accounts
•
T x Acco u n tin g
•
• =•
COMPUTER CASSETTES
QTY
PRICE TOTAL
QTY P R i a
ITEM
,
•
P&P T O T A L
See left
CS
35p
CASSETTES
CIO
37p
1)(99
C12
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E DI TO R-9 9
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•
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p r
i
z .
1
C
h
ORDER FORM To
dato-oHettet
Dept
,4 4 S hr otor , S pree!.
LonciOn NWI ouG Te l : 01. 258 0409
S
Telephone enqxnnes welcome
U
aNAME
i
ADDRESS
Stephen Adams looks inside Sinclair's
latest machine and finds it has a lot in
common with the ZX-81
Taking the lid off
the Spectrum
similar in shape and style to the
T
ZX-81 and there are many simiHlarities. S inc la ir h a s k e p t t h e
Eoriginal keyboard to save space but
Zhas provided a rubber sheet with
Xmoulded keys on it which fits over
Sthe top. The sheet is suspended over
Pthe fl a t keys — which on the ZX
ESpectrum are bigger than the ZX-81
so that when a key is pressed it
Cbends t o giv e some fe e l t o t he
Tkeyboard.
R That and the fact that the keys
Urepeat if held down for longer than
Mone second, even when using SHIFT,
i makes the keyboard much easier to
suse. The single keyword system has
been r e ta ine d a n d t h a t saves
v
memory, as all the Basic words can
ebe stored as one byte. It also means
r that two SHIFT keys are required to
yreach all the functions; one is called
CAPS SHIFT and the other SYMBOL
SHIFT. They are at opposite ends of
the keyboard and as they are often
The keyboard is an input-output
mapped device, as on the ZX-81, and
along with the the ZX printer, which
is the same for the ZX-81 and the
Spectrum network/RS232 interface.
discs, loudspeaker, tape interface
and border colours require only one
address line to work. That means
that you must make all of the lower
five address lines a binary 1 to use
your own devices.
The input-output map access has
been improved greatly, however,
with t h e a ddition t o t h e Basic
commands of IN and OUT. They give
an instruction IN A(c) or OUT A(c)
where registers BC give an address
from 0 to 65535.
The memory-mapped addressing
of the RAM/ROM occupies 0-16K
and the RAM 16K-32K on the basic
16K model. There is provision for an
extra 32K board to be plugged in to
IC sockets at the back of the printed
circuit board. The 48K version will
have the board fitted but to add it
the ZX-81. T h e Spectrum ha s a
28-way double-sided edge connector of the same style as the ZX-81,
with the keyway on pin 5 . Tha t
makes any input-output device compatible w i t h t he ZX-8 1 b u t a ny
memory-mapped devices w o u l d
have to be rearranged. The edge
connector also has a number of new
signals an it which are not explainedi
in the manual, plus a video output
and colour outputs for VDUs,
All t h e voltages us e d o n t h e
Spectrum a r e a ls o brought out,
namely + 5V, -5V, + 12V and -12V.
They are obtained from the same
buzzing transformer as is used in
the 16K RAM pack and most of that
RAM pa c k seems t o ha v e been
transplanted on to the Spectrum.
The obvious additions t o t h e
circuitry are the PAL colour mixer
later it will cost E60. which I think is under the metal can which contains
the video modulator a nd the fact
expensive.
There would be no difficulty in tha t t w o c r y s t a l - c o n t r o l l e d
adding extra ports to the memory oscillators a r e used, one f or the
map, as on the ZX-81, above 32K — ULA, whic h controls t he screen
on the basic version b u t for two among other things, and the other
things. There is no RAM CS line, so for the colour mixer. The 14m1-Iz
that the extra RAM can be turned- clock for the ULA is also used to
off if required on the edge connector drive t h e Z-BOA microprocessor
and t he edge connector address after it has been reduced to 3.5rn1-lz,
lines have been moved to the outer That i s 0.25mHz faster tha n the
edges so that it is incompatible with ZX-81. The Z-80A has also been
'The Spectrum is real value for money and
easy to use. It has some peculiarities but
they do not seem important when you look
at what it can offer'.
used one after another, it tends to
slow the input speed a s you a r e
constantly swapping hands.
For instance, RUBOUT and the
cursor movements use CAPS SHIFT
and + -* a r e SYMBOL SHIFT. I t
would have been a better idea to put
both on the left-hand side, as they
often need to be used together and
could be pressed wit h one ha nd
while the other searches f or the
appropriate key.
14
SI NCLAI R USER l u i y 1982
freed of the job of putting-out the altered so easily, as the dots are
screen — by the ULA — and so no stored in peculiar order, so you have
longer r e quir e s t h e commands to use the graphics commands —
FAST or SLOW, as it works at top which can define all the dots on the
speed all the time except when BEEP 22 line b y 3 2 character screen
available t o t he user — o r t he
or PAUSE is used.
PAUSE and BEEP both cause the SCREEN command.
There can be only two colours for
Z-80A to stop for a time determined
each
character square, one for the
by the programmer and so it will do
nothing else while those commands foreground (INK) and one for the
are being done. BEEP commands background (PAPER), but they can
should be kept short in a program be any one of eight colours. They can
for that reason; 0,01 seconds is a also be inverted at a rate of one per
good speed to PRINT AT and BEEP at second continuously, s qua r e b y
the same time.
square ( FLA S H ) o r h a v e t w o
intensities of colour (BRIGHT).
As f o r p r o g r a m m i n g t h e
The screen takes up 6.912 bytes of
Spectrum. it can be considered as
an extension of the ZX-81 Basic. The the 16K memory a nd the system
PAPER, IN K , BRIGHT and FLASH variables take up another 738 bytes.
commands f o r e a c h c ha r a c te r The rest of the memory is not free for
square are stored in a memory map the user to use as 11 other areas
above the dots for each character. float above location 23733 and can
They are all stored in one byte per expand and contract as required by
character and can be read by the the Spectrum.
Basic word ATTR and altered either
The program and variables are
sandwiched
in the middle of those,
by Basic commands or POKEs.
so
REM
statements
cannot be used
The dot screen is a different
matter, however. a nd cannot b e for machine code. There is an area,
SINCLAIR USER h a y 1982
however, whic h can be used for
machine code programming above
RAMTOP which is ignored by the
Basic and its length can be defined
by the user.
The user-definable characters
area is stored above that so they can
be kept from program to program.
The r e a r e m a n y t a p e
arrangements which can be made
with the Spectrum. The program.
strings or machine code can all be
SAVEd, LOA D e d a n d V E R IFI' d
separately. T h e v a r ia ble s a n d
screen can also be stored on tape
but cannot be VER Ir id. As each is
SAVEd, a messsage to start the tape
recorder will appear and wait for
you to press a key. That is a very
good e x a m p l e o f t h e u s e r friendliness o f t he machine a nd
most o f the errors appear wit h
similar messages.
SAVEing or LOADing causes the
border to flash red and green or red
and blue, depending at which part of
the tape you are looking. All of my
tape programs LOADed correctly
and I w a s surprised w i t h t h e
difference in speed between it and
the ZX-81.
I have been able to deal with only
a fe w subjects. There is so much
more to learn about the Spectrum
from t h e manual t h a t i t would
become a series if I did not stop now.
The Spectrum is real value for
money and easy to use. It has some
peculiarities but they do not seem
important when you look at what it
can offer. W i t h disc, networking
facilities and RS232 interface it is a
great improvement on the ZX-81 but
it cannot replace it. as the price of
E1 29.95 will still be a little daunting
to those who want to try a computer
for the first time
15
BE
I
THE
ZX81
COMPANION
THE
INSIDE
STORY
Bob Maunder
If you have a Sinclair ZX8 1 and want to use it to its full potential
then, as the experts have all agreed, this is the book for you. It
contains detailed guidelines and documented programs in the
areas of gaming, information retrieval and education, as well as a
unique listing of the 8K ROM for mac hine code applications.
'Far and away the best o n c e again Linsac has produced the
• book for the serious end of the market' - Your Computer.
November 1981
7heZ)(81 Companion is a most professional product w i t h many
good illustrative programs, tips and warnings' -Educati on
Equipment, October 1981.
machine
is brilliantly successful t hought f ul l y written, detailed
B
and
illustrated
with meaningful programs . . . To conclude - the
o
book
is
definitely
an outstandingly useful second step for the ZX8 1
b
user - EducetionalZ)(80/81 Users' Group Newsletter, September
M
1981.
a
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d
Send your cheque for E7•95 (Includes UK p&p) to:
e
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programs
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Ll N SAC
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J ul y 1982
D037Ert
ZX Spectrum
f ro m
J.K. G R E V E S O F T W A R E
TI I C N C I I C C I N I C C i r s T
C f ) C T I
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I I % I 11_111 U LI IC.1\111 IUI I J U I WI
'With o u t question the fi nest machine code games available
t oday "
J . N . RO WL A ND Product Manager f or W.11 S MI TH.
GAM EETAPE 1 toe I X
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ELI E
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GUILLOTINE. KALEIDESCOPE, e tc
PROSAMLY TH E BEET VALU E I lt TAPE AVAI LABLEWe've Pone e l k ga me s whrch some o f o u r competitors
required le k to do'
AL m i c z n • CO O •
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•STANFIGHTER Supe rb machine code Spa ce Ba ttle S e t
agenst • ba ckground o f twinkling sta rs w i t h stunning
explosions - if you can hit the enemy'
PYRAMOD Can you move the Pyrarnod? M ake a mistake and
it mil colt/4-31A Thinkers game
AornsT The ulemate Graphic Demoners e d. 13 Chrections, 1 0
Memories, SAVE. COPY. RUBOUT C LS, etc
GAM EETAPE 3 tot I l k
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•CATACOM BE A M ulti-Le ve r Gra phics Adve nture E a ch
one ca n contain u p to 9 ROOtna, 8 Passages. 7 Monsters,
Food. Gold. Tra ps. Phantoms, a n Exit I t o the ne st le ve l!,
and there's an infinite number of levels
NOTE T h e a NOT one of the neCessanly limite d te xt
Adventures as sold elsewhere
"An ekcatient eddocrive game w h y'
,fork kC kOa M kP U
e Te E pR V I D E O GAM ES
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0 P r API 4 for ISR
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Unbeleewthle Graphics! Ca n you find youi wa y through the
M a te The EXIT a there somewhere, but then so is a T REX,
and it s a fte r YOU ' All in 3 0 t h e T REX ye ll a ctua lly ru n
towards you in full persnoctivell. yO u
la
- ke the before'
"3ye
0 MnONSTER
E W EM
t AZE
s isetheebe st
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ZX8t C O M P U T E R Et VI D Ec GAM ES
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the ZX81.. the n J K. Gre ye 's 3 0 M ONSTER M AZE would be the one without doubtZ
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.3 D DEFENDER T h e Ultima te Spa ce Ga me . Supe r la st
p Machine
r o Code
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3 0 version of the Arcade favourite. You have
r to ps owo your
w riorre planet Pram the marauding Alien S oacechsh
nThis
. a a ll in 3 0 , your viewscreen shows you the vie w Out
r A Yaw fighters cockpit wridow. The backdrop moves when
you turn. or fly up or clown le flight direchonsi. lust e s rt you
t were really flying it! But then YOU ARE! The Enemy Saucers
t will actually
r
zoomn towards you in 3 0 . a nd shoot you if you le t theme Your displa y
oincludes
p Score. Shield Strength Aratude. Prolorrahr, Forward Rader and your viewemen,
which
shows
your rotating h o n e cannel. ba ckdrop o f Sta rs. M eteors, Explosions,
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Plasma Blasts yo u r Photon Beams u p to 4 Enemy SaUCC-t3 end a t rourse its a ll in
sfull 3D
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Dept.SV, 16 Park St., Bath, Avon BA1 2 TE.
FO R I N S T A N T D E S P A TC H
If you wa fe r to see W o e buying, otjr range of GA M E S TA P E E
20 Programs E6.95
The ZX Spectrum has brought advanced
computing power into your home, The
Cambridge Colour Collection, a book of
20 programs, is all you need to make it
come alive.
No e xp e ri e n ce re q u i re d . Si mp l y e n te r th e
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Amazing e f f e c t s . A l l p ro g ra ms a r e f u l l y
animated using hi-res graphics, colour and sound
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Entirely original. None o f these programs has
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Proven Quality. The author already has 30,000
satisfied purchasers of his book of ZX81 programs.
Hours o f entertainment
• Lunar Landing. C o n tr o l the angle of descent
and jet thrust to steer the lunar module to a safe
landing on the moons surface.
• Maze. F i n d your way out from the centre of a
random maze.
• Android N i m . P l a y th e Spectrum a t th e
ancient game of Nim using creatures from outerspace.
• Biorhythms, P l o t t h e c y c l e s o f y o u r
Emotional, Intellectual a n d Physical activity.
Some would say this is not a game at all.
Improve your mind
• Morse. A complete morse-code training kit.
This program will take a complete beginner to
R.A.E. proficiency.
• Ma th s. Ad j u sta b l e t o various levels, th i s
program is an invaluable aid to anyone trying to
improve their arithmetic.
Run your life more efficiently
• H o me A c c o u n ts . Ke e p i n g tra ck o f yo u r
finances w i t h t h i s easy-to-use program w i l l
enable you to see at a glance where the money
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• Telephone Address Pad. Ins t a nt access to
many pages of information.
• Calendar. D i sp l a ys a 3 month calendar past
or future, ideal f o r planning o r tracing p a st
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ORDER FORM:
Send Cheque or P.O. wit h order to:—
Dept. D., Richard Francis Altwasser, 22 Fox hollow, Bar Hill,
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Please send me
0 Copies Cambridge Colour Collection Book only E6.95 each.
• Copies Cambridge Colour Collection Book El Cassette
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Name:
ate sthcitect by the foiwiing stores
BUFFER M I CROSHOP 3 7 4 A Streatham High Rd., LUry.1011 S
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SCREEN SCENE 1 4 4 St. Georges Rd Che lte nha m. Otos
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Address
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SINCLAIR USER l u i y 1982
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1
SENCLAIR USER J ul y 19112
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FULLER FD SYSTEM E39.95
I
Professional Keyboard & Case for Sinclair ZX81 & ZX Spectrum
The ZX81 fits inside
The t o u g h A B S injec t ion m oul ded
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and
h o o k s u p t o y o u r Z X pri nt ed
1
circuit board in minutes. No technical
/ 2"
know how or s oldering is required.
The ZX16K Memory Module will fix
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By removing the ZX PSU from its case
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KEYBOARD LAYOUT:
All the Sinclair ZX81 keys are duplicated on our layout, with extra shift and new
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INSTALLATIONs
We also manufacture a mother board which allows
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Available as a quality paperback, 160 pages. 19.75 including post. pack
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UNDERSTANDING YOUR D M ROM by Ian Logan
Dr. Ian Logan was the 1981 winner of the Rosetta Stone Awar d*, given
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This book explains ZX80 Machine Language in terms of the ZX81 ROM,
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Smith adds to
micro range
W H SMITH expects to be
selling another computer
by the end of the year. It is
talking t o a number o f
manufacturers a b o u t
stocking the ir micros t o
add to the ZX-81 which it
began s e l l i n g l a s t
September.
John Rowland. market
development manager, is
giving nothing away about
which machine it might be
but expects a decision to
be made in August.
It is the next major step
in the company's move into
the h o m e c o m p u t e r
market, which it sees as a
major growth area. I t is
ZX fairs
spread
to North
already e x t e nding t h e
num be r o f b r a n c h e s John Rowland, ma rke t development manager of W H Smith
selling com puter goods
and increasing the amount will be selling more than
100 lines of software.
of s e l l i n g s p a c e ,
particularly in the larger
Rowland says that in the
branches.
next few years W H Smith
"We s e ll 5 0 line s o f would probably like to sell
s oftwa r e a n d a r e
about three machines with
increasing t h a t a l l t h e a full range of hardware
time. W e think w e a r e add-ons a n d s oftwa r e .
ready to take the next step After that, he thinks the
in o f f e r i n g a n e w market will probably go
machine," Rowland says.
the s a m e w a y a s t h e
He added that when the record market, with some
new product is launched it retailers concentrating on
is hoped it will be accom- hardware a nd others on
panied by a full range of software.
Of t h e h a r d w a r e
software. He expects that
by next year the company market, h e s a y s t h a t
Smith's entry will depend
on manufacturers agreeing t o a s t a n d a r d
interface. Without that it
would not be possible t o
generate sufficient sales
to make it worthwhile. The
follow a course through retailer is looking for highthe city's historic streets,
volume sales, which is why
The company, which is it c hos e t o e n t e r t h e
based in Cambridge, sees market with the ZX-81.
Rowland a d d e d t h a t
the sponsorship of the race
as part of supporting the Smiths is also looking a t
cultural life in the city. It the possibility of becoming
will also be sponsoring a a software publisher. The
concert in Kings College. company already receives
Cambridge as part of the many suggestions e a c h
festival.
week.
Clive to run in
half-marathon
CLIVE SINCLAIR's energy
seems to be endless. Not
only is he able to mastermind one of the most successful c om pute r c om panies in the world — he
has enough strength left to
run marathons.
He has already run one
distance of more than 26
miles and now he is to take
part i n a half-marathon
being organised as part of
the 1 9 8 2 C a m b r i d g e
Festival.
Sinclair Research i s
sponsoring the event with
E5,000 and it is expected
that 2,000 competitors will
be taking part, including a
number o f t o p - c l a s s
runners.
The race will be held on
Sunday. July 18 a nd will
SINCLAIR USER l u l y 1982
THE FIRST exhibition for
ZX users to be held in Birmingham is attracting a
great d e a l o f interest,
despite its clash of dates
with t he Personal Computer World show in London. The organiser. Eric
Deeson. says that about 40
of the major companies in
the m a r k e t a r e t a k ing
space.
The idea for Microscene
Brum 8 2 , o n Saturday.
September 1 1 , resulted
from t he successful Z X
Microfairs in London.
"Many people said how
inconvenient it was having
to g o t o London s o w e
thought we would try for a
regional s how," Deeson
says. H e is hoping to attract people from all over
the Midlands and further
north.
Meanwhile a ge ne r a l
microcomputer f a i r i s
being held at Manchester
on July 2 4 a nd 2 5 . I t is
being held in conjunction
with t h e University o f
Manchester Ins titute o f
Science and Technology at
Sackville S t r e e t . M a n chester and is aimed at the
e duc a tion a n d s m a l l
business markets.
Brain power wins ZX-81s
TWENTY-THREE regional
winners i n t his y e a r ' s
Mensa Superbrain competition have been awarded ZX-81s. T h e a wa r ds
were prompted by Clive
Sinclair's inv olv e m e nt
with t h e British Me nge
Society, o f whic h h e i s
2
chairman.
The competition is a n
annual event and is set to
be a test o f intelligence
rather than memory, as in
Mastermind and Brain of
Britain. It is usually run in
conjunction w i t h provincial ne ws pa pe r s o n a
1
regional basis, w i t h t he
regional w i n n e r s p r o ceeding to the final. This
year, for the first time, extra sections were organised through the independent local radio network,
whic h p r o v i d e d fi v e
regional winners.
Radio Sinclair
There seems to be no limit to the uses which can be found for the
ZX-81 Here Julian Moss reports how it has been of help in
amateur radio.
old as radio itself. Ever since
A
M a r c oni s e n t t h e fi r s t
M
transmission across the Atlantic,
A
radio amateurs ha v e be e n e x Tperimenting with new modes of communication and, in the process, makE
ing friends across the world.
U
R Many of today's radio amateurs
use commercially-made equipment
R
but there is still a good deal of exA
perimenting, in aerial design for exDample, and at very high frequencies.
ILike any technical hobby, there are
O
many uses for a computer and the
i7-X-81 has found its way into many
sradio shacks. Its uses fall primarily
into thr e e areas — information
a
storage and retrieval, mathematical
hand scientific programs, and realotime on-the-air applications.
b
b
y
a
s
Programs in the first category are
fairly straightforward. O n e e x ample is an index of radio stations
contacted o r heard. Every r a dio
amateur has his own call-sign, in
which t h e fi r s t t w o o r t h r e e
characters denote the country —
for example, the G4 in the call-sign
G4ILO indicates England. Since a
typical ham may make thousands of
contacts in a year, it is impossible to
remember every one.
By storing on the computer each
call-sign, along with the operator's
name, town, the date and perhaps
other details, it is possible to recall
immediately whe t he r o r n o t a
s ta tion h a s b e e n c o n t a c t e d
previously and to see the details of
the contact.
The data can be sorted into call-
sign order, to see how many countries have been contacted — useful
since many amateurs compete for
certificates which are awarded for
contacts wit h, f o r example, 1 0 0
countries.
Another use for the computer is to
compile a n inde x o f te c hnic a l
articles i n r a dio a nd electronics
magazines. Mos t r a dio amateurs,
like home computer enthusiasts, accumulate magazines devoted t o
their hobby. I t i s frustrating t o
search issue after issue looking for
an article you remembered reading
a few months ago. If a description of
each article is stored in the computer, together with the name of the
publication, its issue date and the
page number, it is possible to have a
program whic h w i l l search t h e
descriptions and produce a list of all
the articles relating to a particular
topic. Typically, m or e t ha n 3 0 0
references can be stored on a 16K
ZX
- Another facet of amateur radio is
contests.
O n s om e we e k e nds .
13
E
l
ma
teu
r
operators
from all over the
1
.world try to make as many contacts
as possible in a given period, usually
24 hours. The scoring varies from
contest t o contest but usually is
based on the number of contacts
made a nd the number of country
22
SINCLAIR USER l u l y 1982
prefixes, or even the total distances
over which the contacts were made.
Keeping the score is an ideal job
for a computer, which can also log
each c a ll-s ign a n d dis pla y a
message if a station has been contacted previously in the contest.
On the technical side, there is a
vast number of uses for the DC-81.
Two examples a r e aerial design,
when the computer can be used to
work-out the dimensions of an aerial
for a particular frequency, and even
to calculate its theoretical performance; and the design of electronic
circuits.
American magazines publish programs o f tha t nature frequently.
Those programs are usually written
for the most popular home computers i n t he U .S., s uc h a s t he
IRS-80, but it is fairly straightforward to convert them to run on the
ZX-81, the main differences being
that the IRS-80 does not require the
word LET in a n assignment statement a nd tha t i t allows multiple
statements on one line.
Another popular application is
Oscar tracking. Oscar stands for
Orbital Satellite Carrying Amateur
Radio. It is a satellite designed, built
and paid for by radio amateurs, and
launched by NASA on their behalf.
The satellites pic k u p am ateur
transmissions on one frequency and
re-transmit them on another, allowing communication over distances
which might otherwise not be possible.
To use Oscar, it is necessary to
know where it is at any given time
and so a program can be used to
predict when the satellite is 'visible'
from a location and in which direction to point the aerials.
SNCLA IR USER l u i y 1982
One p r o b l e m w h i c h r a d i o
amateurs soon encounter when they
put a computer in the shack is interference. The DC-81 radiates a
good deal of radio noise, which is
picked up by the receiver and can
easily oblite r a te we a k signals.
Usually it is necessary to screen the
case carefully, using aluminium foil,
and to filter the lead from the power
supply. T h e R A M pack must b e
screened as well.
The reverse of that situation can
also oc c ur , whe n R F f r om t h e
transmitter interferes w i t h t h e
operation of the computer. This is
not usually a problem wit h t he
DC-81, however, although the television used for the display can be affected sometimes.
Once those problems have been
overcome, the computer can be used
on-the-air t o s e nd a n d receive
program the computer to scan the
band for stations using Morse code
and reply to them automatically.
It is possible to generate Morse
code without using additional hardware. us ing t he cassette output
socket. That output can be fed into
an amplifier, or recorded on tape for
Morse practice. It is also possible to
feed code into the cassette input
socket, decode it, and display the
text on the screen. The main difficulty is that. in SLOW mode, the
Z.X-81 spends about 15 out of every
20 milliseconds displaying a picture
on the TV and that interferes with
the generation or reception of the
code. Thus programs for Morse or
R r r y usually are written to run in
FAST mode.
A M o r s e de c ode r h a s be e n
developed which will display on the
screen code which is fed into the
cassette input socket at a suitable
level. Since it runs in FAST mode,
the text can be read only once the
program stops when the screen is
full, or once the BREAK key is pressed. N ois e a n d interference w i l l
upset the decoding and the signal
should go ideally through a narrowband filter, so that only the wanted
signal is fed into the Z.X-81.
The program uses a short USR
routine to read the cassette input
port. The routine is 24 bytes long
'The computer can be used on-the-air to
send and receive Morse code and radioteletype signals'.
Morse c ode a n d radio-teletype
signals, and even to control the station. Many of the new amateur radio
transceivers use a microprocessor
to control the various functions such
as frequency a nd mode, a nd the
various control lines a r e brought
out to a socket at the back.
Using a suitable interface, i t
would be possible to program the
ZX-81 to scan selected frequencies.
perhaps to record whether or not a
signal is present, to build a picture
of amateur band activity at various
limes of the day, or to monitor the
strength o f pa r t ic ula r dis t a nt
stations. It would even be possible to
2
and is stored in the first REM statement of the program. The easiest
way to enter the routine is to type-in
a REM with 24 characters in it and
then to POKE into locations 16514 to
16537 the values given in the table
following the program listing. The
routine returns a value of 0 if no
signal is present at the input port, or
a positive number if one is present.
There is a Sinclair Amateur Radio
Users' Group in the U.K. Anyone interested s hould c ont a c t P a u l
Newman, G4INP 3 Red House Lane,
Leiston, Suffolk, IP16 4lZ, enclosing
a stamped addressed envelope for
details.
3
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FOR YOUR ME81..2 t _
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be u s e d i n a n y e x p a n s i o n s y s t e m e n d s i m p l y p l u g s i n t o t h e b e c k o f y o u r Z X 0 1 a n d
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T h e 1 6 k m o d u l e w i l l g i v e y o u 1 6 t i m e s m o r e m e m o r y a n d i s fi n i s h e d i n A B S
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14
confused
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24
SI NCLAI R USER J u l y 1982
Nicole Segre finds that, despite her reservations,
understanding the ZX-81 is only a matter of time.
Discovering the adult
charms of the ZIC-81
last month about the upheavals
I COMPLAINED
a t some length
caused in the household
by my
son's pur c ha s e o f o n e s m a ll,
seemingly innocuous e le c tr onic
machine c a lle d a ZX - 8 1 . W h a t
distressed me most was that he and
his friends, all mere babes in arms.
seemed possessed of a technical
skill and expertise with regard to
computers whic h le ft m e feeling
decidedly passé.
I have determined to remedy all
that. It is important. in my view, not
only to keep up with the times but to
teach a ll those uppity youngsters
not to under-estimate their mothers.
Accordingly, I waited for a short
pause between a game of Star Bash
and a game of Clank! and obtained
my son's permission to tinker with
his Sinclair dur ing those hours
SINCLAIR USER h i l y 1982
when attending t o his education
kept him away from more pressing
matters. " Is there anything I must
not do?" I enquired anxiously. "No,
it's all right," he said. "Computers
are idiot-proof."
Letting that go. I set to work the
next m or ning a n d I m a de a n
astonishing discovery — it's easy.
All you have to do to use a ZX-81 is
fellow the instructions and, believe
me, if I can follow the instructions,
anyone can. To be honest, I am a
wonderful human being with many
precious gifts b u t a w a y w i t h
inanimate objects is not one of them.
So far as I am concerned, sexual
equality stops short o f changing
tyres or replacing washers and, as
for electricity, I am like the man who
thought there was cold electricity
for r efr iger ator s a n d c olour e d
electricity for traffic lights.
Yet in no time at all I was able to
use a s ophis tic a te d p i e c e o f
equipment. even t o the extent of
programming it to tell a silly joke.
Now. I am just letting-up be f or e
racing on to looping, graphics and
organisation o f memory, w h i c h
sounds just the kind of thing I need.
Having said that. however. I can
admit freely that it has not all been
plain sailing. I n fa c t, a t fi r s t i t
seemed a s i f t h e w h o l e s e lf improvement plan would never get
off t h e gr ound. A 13-year-old's
bedroom is probably not the best
place t o conduct a n important
research project of this kind and my
son's bedroom possesses sufficient
e le c t r ic a l w i r i n g t o k n i t a
fisherman's sweater.
continued on page 26
25
wah,
c ont inued/ t om page 25
You a r e r e a dy t o be gin, t h e
manual said, when a K appears in
the bottom left-hand corner of the
screen but for that to happen I had
to find the socket in which to plug the
socket in which to plug the plug.
Several hours later, I emerged,
hot and dusty. from under the bed,
and there was the magic K. Fingers
at the ready. I turned once more to
the excellent m a nua l, whic h I
cannot praise enough for its clarity
and wealth of incidental detail. I
had no difficulty with adding 2 + 2,
cursors, t he history o f computer
languages a n d h o w t o e r a s e
mistakes but the chapter on using
the computer as a calculator caused
a twinge of anxiety.
I don't even use a calculator as a
calculator. I know what a square
root is, and even pi. although I cannot remember when I last used it; shall soon be able to dispense with
but int e ge r s a n d e x pone nt ia l her services?
Things took a downturn, however,
functions? The y must have done
those while I was away from school with the price of butter and yeast.
with chicken pox. Anyway, having Having missed a v it a l piece o f
managed without them for so long. I information about semi-colons —
thought! might continue to do so and buried treacherously a s I la t e r
discovered in that frightening mass
skipped to the next section.
That look e d m or e promising. of higher mathematics — I suddenly
being a ll about the price of eggs. lost control. A stern S f o r Stupid?
Those I do use and although I can — kept appearing to say I had it all
usually work out their price, give or wrong and when! attempted to put it
take a fe w pence. in my head. it right, everything went from bad to
amused me to let the computer do it. worse.
The trouble is that I am used to a
It could even, the manual said, tell
'Unnecessary though a ZX-8 1 may be,
what a marvellously clever and obedient
little chap it is'
me the square of the cosine of the typewriter keyboard, not one which
price of one egg, should I ever want moves things about and has about 12
it. Well, you never know. I was glad, instructions pe r k e y a nd erases
too, that the manual catered for the backward to boot. I knew you could
eventuality o f m y housekeeper pull out the plug and start again but
rushing i n , f ull o f concern, a nd that seemed a lit t le drastic. I t
crying i n t h a t de lightfully old- reminded me of my one and only skifashioned way of hers: "Glory be. ing h o l i d a y w h e n le a r ne d t o
eggs have gone up to 61 pence a negotiate a slope, more or less, but
not to stop. To do that, I would throw
dozen.•
What worries me. though, is how myself int o t he fi r s t convenient
am I going to tell the kind soul that, snowdrift b u t I a lwa y s thought
thanks to my handy little computer. I there must be a better way.
26
Eventually, it all came clear to me
and I wa s chugging along again
happily. At one point I even thought
that, together, the computer and I
would crack that eternal problem of
the length of a piece of string but it
proved t o b e more a matter o f
whether Mr Smith was shorter than
Mr Smythe. I don't think I had that
correct. B y t h e n m y e a r l i e r
struggles ha d wor n m e out a nd,
besides, there was a good film about
to start on the other channel.
My studies m a y n o t b e v e r y
advanced but I see now how one
could become very involved in all
this. F r o m t h e s t a r t . I h a v e
wondered w h a t possible us e a
computer such as my son's could be
and I still don't know — but who
cares? Pressing buttons is fun.
Unnecessary though a ZX-81 may
be, what a marvelously clever and
obedient little chap it is. Do this and
do that, the manual says, and the
computer will do this and do that —
and it does what else in life is so
simple and so satisfying?
Anyway, I could not stop now. All
kinds o f fascinating things have
caught my eye — measles programs.
Venusians with eight fingers and no
thumbs, flowcharts — and I must
investigate. If anyone wants me in
the next few days, please speak to
the housekeeper.
SINCLAIR USER J uly 1982
ELEADs
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•x858001 2
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R E A D - O U T
P U B L I S H I N G
L T D M
e
a
o
r n pThe
h o nZX81 is the world's biggest selling computer and, just announced, is its
big brother, the ZX SPECTRUM.
R
e For value for money, these two computers mus t be the best "c omputer” buys on the market - but - to get the
o most from them, every owner, and prospective owner, needs a library of books for programs and operations
:
Read-Out has selected the following bestselling books and can supply
ag
from stock.
i
For the Beginner:
programming skills to a point where you can really
r ZXEll by Tim Hartnell, containing over 80 programs.
use machine code easily. The Gateway Guide to the
- G e t t i n g
5 34 Amazing Games for the DWI by Alistair Gourley,
ZX81 and ZX80 by Mark Charlton is a "doing" book
A c q u a
n which shows you what you can do with only 1K of
describing each function and statement in turn,
i n t e d
i memory. 49 Explosive Games for the ZX81 by Tim
illustrates it in a demonstration routine or program
w
i
and then combines it with previously discussed
b Hannell which describes games listings for the
tmemory
h sizes 1K - 8K. Coming Soon! Learning to Use material. The ZX81 Pocket Book by Trevor Toms
o
the
covers the use of the ZX81 in detail and leads the
y ZX81o by Robin Bradbeer and Learning to Use the
o ZX Spectrum by Robin Bradbeer - two new books in a
reader into a clear understanding of programming. A
u
r
3 new series designed to help the fi rst-time user (both
brand new book is 20 Simple Electronic Projects for
T due August/September 1982). The Personal Computer the ZX81 by Stephen Adams which can really put
i Book 2nd edition by Robin Bradbeer - an introduction your ZX81 to practical use in a number of interesting
electronic projects - thermometer, burglar alarm,
u ytoh the world of microcomputing which is generally
regarded
as
the
best
available.
voltmeter
etc. Byteing Deeper into your ZX81 by David
t
Johnson-Davies - the bestseller which tells you how
l : aFor the Enthusiast:- Mastering Machine Code on your
to get to grips with your ZX81 and with 39 programs
e ZX81 by Toni Baker will help you develop your
to matc hl
THE ZX BOOK CLUB
b The Persor 1 1
4' M IL OS
Cornputer
j
a
•GAMES
m
b
b
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11
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T I M He r ti l l i
1 1m A c
CC GUIDE
1 11
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, .4
4 G
ZX81 —
A A
inonnnan A N D
1 M
T I
H N
MARK CNA
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TI
'
utio
- - - r 4
7
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P Hot
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g r P RO 3 A
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Order through READ-OUT PUBLISHING C O M PA N Y LTD
S CAMP ROAD, FARNBOROUGH, HAMPSHI RE GU24 SEW.
24 hour answer i ng service. Tel ephone: 0252 510331.'2
Name
D Getting Acquainted with your 13011 Ia i f 95
0 3 4 Amazing Gsmes tor the IIC a l l to 1315
0 4 9 Explosive Games tor the 7181 .41 1195
D Learning to Use the ZXS1 E 5•95
(due kna/Seo)
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L i n * Personal Computer Book to ET%
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Byteing Deeper into your 12(01 ,,, ES 45
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27
Reader survey
1 I n t o which range does your age fall?
Under 16 0 1 6 - 2 5 LI 2 6 - 3 5 0 3 6 - 4 5 D 4 6 - 5 5 0 5 6 - 6 5 I I O v e r 65
2 A r e you in employment? y e s / n o
If yes, give type of employment
If no, state whether student, retired, or whatever
3 In t o which ranges does your income fall?
Less than t 5.000 0 E 5 , 0 0 0 to E10,000 LI E 1 0 . 0 0 0 to E15.000 0 E 1 5 , 0 0 0 to E20.000 0
More than E20,000
4 D o you own a Sinclair computer?
Which one? Z X - 8 0 E
Z X - 8 1 0 Sp e c t ru m 0
How long have you had it? Less than one month
Longer than 12 months 0
One to six months 0 S i x to 12 months Li
How did you buy it? Mail order LI
W
H Smith S e c o n d - h a n d 0
If you intend buying another model, which one?
If not, do you use someone else's? y e s / n o
D
o
you intend buying one? y e s / n o
Which one? ZX-80 Li Z X - 1 3 1 LI S p e c t r u m 0
5 D o you use any other system? y e s / n o
Which one?
6 D o you own any peripherals? State makes.
Cassette player 0
RAM pack E
Printer 0
Keyboard 0
Motherboard 0
Any other hardware 0
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Microfairs LI
W
H Smith
Other sources, give details
28
, 1 9 8 2
S
I
N
C
L
A
I
R
USER t ut )
reader
survey
To help us plan for the future and to ensure that we maintain the high standards which Sinclair User
has achieved in its first three issues, we would be grateful if you complete this questionnaire.
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Please tick the boxes or write your answer in the space provided.
7 D o you buy any software? y e s / n o
What types?
From where?
How much do you spend each month?
8 D o you have a special monitor or television? y e s / n o
9 F o r what do you use the Sinclair computer?
What other uses do you intend to make of it
10 A r e you a member of a computer club? y e s / n o
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What do you like about it
What do you not like?
How could it be improved?
12 Wh a t other computer magazines do you read?
Personal Computer World
Microcomputer Printout I]
Which Micro? U
Computer and Video Games 0 Your Computer 0 P r a c t i c a l Computing El
Windfall 0 E d u c a t i o n a l Computing El M i c t o d e c i s i o n
Z X Computing 0 S i n c l a i r Programs 0 P o p u l a r Computing Weekly 0
Computer Today CI
Any other? State which
SINCLAIR USER ! l i l y 1982
2
9
• Plug in — no desoldering.
• Space bar linked to space key.
• Full travel keys. Si x spare keys for
your own use.
• Case available to hold keyboard and
Z X 81 microcard.
• 1 6 K RAM pack clamp
supplied with case to
eliminate white outs!!
THE
PROFESSIONAL
ZXE31KEYBOARD
• All-you-need Keyboard K it f2 8 .9 5 •
• Case only E15.00.
All prices inclusive of VAT, postage and packing.
Please allow 21 days for delivery.
fir
ZX81/16K SOFTWARE
E NO
i
"STARTREK" £ 4 . 9 5
16K STARTREK: Exciting space adventure game inc luding
Klingons starbases, phasors, 8 x 8 galaxy, 4-levels of play, long
and short range scanners, etc.
E MI
LI " S U P E R - W I M P U S " C 4 . 9 5
M
ONE
▪
ME I
E
ME I
I
E MI
16K S UP E R W U M P U S : C a n y o u h u n t a n d c at c h t h e
mysterious wumpus in his underground labyrinth? Intriguing
ME I
underground adv ent ure.
Li " G R A P H I C — G O L F " £ 4 . 9 5
16K G RA P HI C GOLF: Try out your golfi ng expertise, on the
computer's golf course, I l•dif f erent graphically display holes.
Hazards, include lakes, trees, wind, rough etc.
LI " G A M E S PACK 1" E 4 . 9 5
ME I
MEE
d e
DEAN ELECTRONICS LIMITED
GlendalePark
C
Fernbank Road Ascot Berkshire England
Dial-a-leaflet
0 3 4 4 7 5661 T e l e x 849242
O
M
P
U
T personal c o n
E R pu
K t e r s o
E f t w a r
ZX-ARCADE ACTION
Y e
LI N E W I I " M U N C H E R ! ! " E 5 . 9 5
B
At last Pacman f or your ZX-81. all the arcade features plus'
software
for the OS character board
O
A " SPACE-INVADERS" E 4 . 9 5
El
R the best yet, t he closest thing t o real Invaders on t hi
Simply
Z.X81.
features! including 1 or 2 player option am:
D Fulltoarcade
software
drive the OS character-board.
S
El
"AST EROIDS" E 5 . 9 5
D
Authentic representation of t he arcade game including L, R
I
thrust
and fire controls, 5-levels of play and alien spaceships.
V " D R O P O U T "
Li
E 5 . 9 5
.
Exciting
NEW arcade game. Can you destroy the aliens bet on
16K GAMES PACK 1: Fantastic value for money, nearly 50K of
Programs on one cassette. Five games including "Real Time
Graphic" L u n a r Lander, St arwars , Hammurabi, Minefi eld,
Mastermind.
LI Z X - Z O M B I E S "
£ 4 . 9 5
16K ZX-ZOMBI ES: Can y ou escape t he manrauding, noneating ZX ZOMBIES as the chase you for your FLESH!!! Eight
rounds of play, highly addictive.
EMI
Mi n
M
▪
=E l
E
NE
I I
Mi
▪
NE I
n
MEI
they build up in their atomic plies and overwhelm you.
Dealers enquires welcome, generous discounts.
When ordering 2 or more deduct t 1.00. Send S.A.E. lor Catalord,i,
Tick bokets) required.
ChequesiPOs payable to "SILVERSOFT",
ME
Name
Address
W A N T E D ZX81, Spectrum. BBC Micro Software
( K c elleot Roy alties
S
A E . r o t detimols
All Ar cade games run in 4K
S
SI LVERSOFT 'Dep. SU7)
:35 Bader Park, Bowerhill,
•vielksham, Wiltshire_
30
SI NCLAI R USER l u i y 1982
10 L E T P = 0
20 L E T 0 = P
30 L E T A $ = " "
40 F O R C = 1 T O 5 0
50 L E T 6$=P1$
60 L E T R = I N T ( R N O * 3 )
70 I F R = 0 T H E N L E T A = " CL UE
SO I F R = 1 T H E N L E T R = " 1 5 FI R
“
9 0 I F R = 2 T H E N L E T A i= " C H E R R Y “
100 L E T 5 = 6
110 I F I N T ( C ,
L
, E T E ts 1 1 5
1 2 -0 1P R- I IN T
A T 1 0 . 0 . E ; A S
2
1 3) 0
F O R FN = T
1 T O 3 0
(1 4 0C N E/ X T 2 F )
1 5 0 OI F R
T
- S < 1> 6 $ T H E N G O T O 2 0 0
160 N
L E T CS = I NKE Y $
P
170 I F C S = " 0 " T H E N L E T 0 = 0 + 1
180
THEN
LE T P=P4.1
IF C S = " P "
190 P R I N T P T
0 , 3 ; " 4
2- 1 " < " " P "
200 I F I N K E Y S ( >"" T H E N GOTO & 0 0
2" 1; 00 N. E" X) T; RC T
0
SENCLAIR USER J ul y 1982
is a version o f t he we llA
known c a r d g a m e b u t
S
instead
of cards the program has
I
three
wor ds . ' c lub' , ' b a r ' a n d
T
'cherry'
whic h appear in random
order
on
two sides of the screen.
S
NWhen two words are the same,
the
A two players have to press their
keys,
M either Q or P. as quickly as
possible, to score a point.
E
The game lasts for four attempts,
s
and the score for each player is
u
displayed
at the top of the screen.
gIt is a simple game but can be
fitted
into i k RAM and is one of the
g
few
e games of this size which can be
played
by two players.
s
t Snap was sent by Tim Crossley of
York.
s
,
31
S
n
interesting game which can
N
fit on the basic 1K version of
U ZX-81. it is another variation on
the
the many slalom-type games.
M
As th e name indicates, th e
B'obstacles' are made up of numbers
Eof random value and position on a
Rpath. The aim is to make as high a
as possible.
Cscore
The cursor moves automatically
Rdown the path and is shifted to the
U left using the 'Z' key and to the right
N by the 'M' key.
After a certain length of time the
C
game stops and the score, plus a
H rating, is displayed.
It was sent by N page of Kingston
E
R upon Thames, Surrey.
i
s
a
n
flLiffla
5 LETA* I m-REEK (PEEK lese.s.aes
6* PMEK 1 6 3 9 9 ) '
10 L E T X = V A L " 1 3 15 L E T 6 = P I - P I
0 FOR F = 1 TO UAL - 7 5 "
55 SCROLL
60 P RI NT AT 0 ; X ;
6, 5 L E T Q = U A L R .
70 P RI NT "S''
75 I F 0 4 V AL - 2 9 - O P 0 ) V AL " 3 6 Tr l ets4 G O T O V A L
SO L E T 5 . . S + G - V A L
t oot I P P I NT A T V A L " I I " , V A L - 9 " ; "
10
I S S E V E NS P A C E 5 1 1 " ; AT V A L " 1 1 " I R N D 4
V AL " 6 - + V A L - " ; I N T ( A N O 4 U A L - 9
•- i . V AL - 1 .
110 LE T X=X-PtI NKEYS="M-)-(I NKE'Y
.120 NEXT F
Sz --r
E
H
155C10O5 R
5 I F S-t100 T E N LET 5 =1 0 0
1
6
0
0
p
R
I
N
T
TAB VAL -9--"ARTI NGs•
P
,
I
N
T
I
(
_
U
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,
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9
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V—
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dl
.5 R E M - G O L F 10 L E T Tm 1 5 * ( 1 4 . RND)
a0 P RI NT A T
ao FOR
T
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3 1
4 0 P R I N T -111";
SO N E X T J
60 P RI NT A T
70 P RI NT AT 2 , 0 ; - S W I N G . - ;
eo I NP UT S UI NG
90 P RI NT SUI NG
100 P RI NT " DP I O E = - ;
110 I NP UT o R i v e
120 P RI NT DRI V E
l ao LE T A=DRI VE* COS ( P I * S W I N G / I
301
140 L E T 5 = DRI V E * S I N ( P I * S U I N G / t
220
3W
1 51 6 0 L E T C = . 0 1 * ( 5 * J - I 6 * J * J )
170 I F R*J>152oe THem GOTO
32
0 180 I F C ) 4 0 T H E N GOTO 2 0 0
190_pLOT . 0 1 * A * J , C + 2
F 200110EXT J
O 210 I F ABS ( A* 1 5 / 3 2 0 0 - T) ( 3 THEN
TO 2 4 0
RG O
2 2 0 RP I N T P T 1 0 , 2 0 ; " H I S S E D IN t
J 230 STOP
240 FOR J = 0 TO 1
m 250 P RI NT AT 2 0 - J , T; " HO LE
0 250 NEXT J
T
O
5
/
1
5
h
:
/
0
9
Ni r
4
1
UMBER of attempts have
been made to put the game of
golf on to the ZX-81 and this
one, sent by A Baines of Ashtonunder-Lyne, LanCaShire, is a simple
version played on 18K of RAM
memory.
When the program is run. a *hole'
appears at the bottom of the screen
and the player is asked to supply the
angle of shot, between 0 and 90
degrees, and the strength. a figure
usually greater than 300. The
traiectory of the shot is shown on the
screen and the result.
Ordy one shot is allowed each
time, which makes it necessary to
remember angles and strengths
from previous shots.
SINCLAIR USER h d y 1982
5 LE T 5 m A I - P I
7 LE T Z = P I - P I
10 L E T A = P I - P I
20 LE T B = R I - P I
30 L E T H = P I - P I
40 LE T N u a l
4 3 L E T )01,21
44 L E T s ( w P I - P I
5o LE T P = I N T ( RND* 2 1 )
60 L e T 0 = I N T t RND* 3 1 )
65 LE T R z A + P I / P I
70 P RI NT A T
72 P RI NT A T P , 0 , - G RAP HI C 5 H I F T
ED H
74 P RI NT AT R, Q ; - G RAP HI C S H I FT
ED H
80 P RI NT A T H oW - G R R P H I C 5 H I F T
-E D A 9 0 . P RI NT A T X , Y ;"G RAP HI C S HI FT
ED P
95 L E T 5=5.1.A1/A1
. 100 LE T AS =I NKE Y $
116mir R e . - e - THE N LE T 0 = 3 1
120 I F A $ = - 5 " TH E N L E T
130 I F R e = - 6 " THE N LE T R = 2 1
140 I F 4=16=-7- T H E N L E T R = P I - P I
150 L E T H = H + t H ( R ) - ( H ) A )
160 LE T N=N* AN. (15)-(N)0)
1.7e LE T x - x + t x ( c o - t x > c o
100 LE T y .y .k or ( e ) - ( N ,A 5 )
1 9 0 I F =P = HD A N 0D = 0N = O
N RO R
R.
..N60 O R R H A N
THEN G O TO U R L
195 I F R = H AND 8 = N OR
THE M v r o e
200 C L5
2 1 0 G O T() J A L - 7 0 "
300 LE T Z = Z + P I / P I
510 P R I N T
315 PRuSE IZI
320 I F Z = 2 T H E N G O TO
330 P RI NT i "DE RD I N 7 -
tPx = pXN iApN D0 i0
A = ) < A N D 18
V AL
; , 6
. 0 14/ 1
; q a. t t
xr .
„ . 4 4i . for
- at ttr a c ti n g bugs i n
B
programs to emerge wi th
U
their handst up but a game in which
• tempt bugs to fall into a
the
G aim is to
swamp.
B To start•the game, press RUN, and
Athe swamp is shown in one part Of
I the screen with two bugs at random
Tpositions and a plus sign in one
corner. The plus sign is the bait
Etowards which the bugs move.
R The game involves moving the
i plus sign from corner to corner.
using the cursor keys above 5 to 8 so
s that the bugs fall into the swamp.
n Once one of the bugs falls in, the
o game stops and the length of time
t taken is shown.
If you wish to continue with the
a same lay out, press the CONT key. If
t you want a new game, press RUN.
The game was sent by M Archer
o
and D Hayes of Godalming, Surreyo
k
k
i
t
1
SINCLAIR USER J ul y 1982
33
tor
I I I L E F L ot entries tor our May
The
competition proved that as many
ide
people are using their Vk-Bis
SeTiOUS uses as l ot gatneS. dard
variety ol applications was w
and all were ot a very high s t a n .
That made the tast of the 'Iudges
dillicult once more but the eventual
Wil l t l eot w ahs l n
Fletc her, o f
Ilumberstone, LeiCeSter• w h o
submitted a system which tiles and
retrie Icves information. Ile UPOS it to
help e e p t r a c V o f 1 . 0 0 0
photographic slides, with each slide
s L i D e SELECTOR
73 Rem
FAST
5 REM e Y J om N R. P LE TCHE R
D EI M
A =S 1( 6 0 0 0 . 2 )
11 50 L
T Z
20 FO R J = Z TO
1000
30 FO R K= 1 T O
b
4
0
P
R
I
N
T
"
K
E
Y
DE N O . 4 0
I N c o p e s
SO P R i N T
FDR sL,
7
60
0 P
PR
R II N
NT
T
a
S640
FO R K u l T O S
4
ti. k70 P R / N T F i s ( S * ( J - 1 )
5 8 0 4 1 I NE X T K
50 9 0 P R I N T
8 00 0 P R I N T
810
820
830
P R / N T
I NP UT
CLS
840
850
I F DS = " Y "
GOTO 3 0 0
1
8 57500
P
I NR PI N
UT
T
"ANOTHER
D $
THE N
"F Es N T F R
S
L
I
G O T
0
C O D5 E "
0
0
34
NO . " e K
g
MIAT 2 : 4 4 1 1 1 J : i t g
412 0 N E X T 14:
110 I F D l < > " C " TMr si G U I U
4 0
0
LI DeS. ' Y / N a 0a o P R I N T " A R E T H E R E A N Y
15
40 I N P U T DS
1
HO Re s
G0 C L S
O
Z 6S 5 L E T Z = 0 4 - 1
FTO
D S 3= "0 s0 r " r H e N N e X T 0
11 76 00 GI O
U
e
N TT OA ST 1 5 , 1 , " K E Y C I F
IPN
21l 09e 100o C
LRP
8I U
S I S O K , O T H E R W I S E NEW1. . 1-Ne"
210
8 RETURN
2 2 00 F O R K = 1 T O 6
I NT 0 ; "
'KT J
THE
PR
. 0 NrEP) <
' A
t e l F ( J - 1 ) + K ) z - F $
N
etc)
T i K
260 RETURN
THEN N E
0 P R I N T "
2320
I
a a o
I F $ ( 6 * ( 0 - 1 ) - # - K ) = F $
5 3301 P P R R i a
a N n t f t 4 M A W
Key
M P U L O V U r
340 P R/ NT
"FOR I ND-I C/ I -DUAL S L / D E
des, lt is possible to obtain lists ot
slides W i s 11E003 up to three codes
be
in common.
co Fletcher said he d bought the
are
i 7.)(-Eli wi t h the intention of r o ducing such a system. Ile and his
n wile had so Illany slides, which t
g used to illustrate lectures, that i
difficult to sort them.
d Was
Ile was able to write the program,
e listed here, a l t e r hav i ng t h e
s
machine tor only three months.
hEiv e alw ElyS been interested in
c
computers and learned how to use
r
the 1%.-81. very quicly," he sa
d
i.the
Ile added Lthat
O Nlive
I Tminutes
i n g and
i
SIOIBing time was
b u t
b
that was nothing compared to
e
time needed
the previously t o s ort
d
through s l i d e s .
The system is very general and
b
be used for other types of f g .
y
s
3 5 0
PRI NT
KE N
i
3
I N
,
8
=
x
0
KEY
R
3 8 0 Px R I N T
h
3 9 0 Pt R I N T
KEY
.
5
a
• 0 0 p7 R,
4 1 -0 . 4 1 ••• 1 . e P R I N T
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t
aS
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L
SLID
4 - a e l P vR i i \ r r
4 2 2 P -R I N T
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S A V I N G P cR O G R A M
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o
4 3 0 P R Iv N
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C H A N G I N Gi P R O G R A M
440 I N P U T
450 CLS
I
o
l
N
460 I F A = 0 THE N G
O
T
O
N
e
4 7 0 I F A = 1 THE N GOTO
480 I P R = 4 THE N GOTO
t
4 8 5
I F
A = S T H E N GG
O T O
4
I P
P . % T H E N L I S T
4 g 0
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7Q 1 0 I N P U T J
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520 CLS
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5G 3 0 P R I N T " S L I D E
r
l eO F O L L O W I N G "
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5T 54 0
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700 GOSUS l oou
6 76 I f
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600 P P I t q F v .
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p sneezing sand coughing.
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Ver a t ure is
. 44
San* macibrituil.
Sans r atti har,j.
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The e ttt
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T I V R h A I R D R P : S S E R ' Sh
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I
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ords ar e put in. th e possible
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SI
NCLAI
R
USER
J
ul
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1982
n
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Hill, London, Sheepdog — a difF ficult game whic h is a good
R
representation of a sheepdog trial.
O A sheep, an inverse S. is driven by
M
a dog, an inverse D, through a gate.
denoted by two black squares, and
D
ainto a pen which is shown as a grey
nsquare. The dog is moved upwards
pressing the '0' key, downwards
iby
by the •.• key, left by 1 and right by 3.
eIt continues moving until the S is
lpressed.
S When t h e dog i s wit hin fi v e
hsquares o f the sheep, the sheep
abegins to move. The difficulty is that
vthe movement of the sheep tends to
as wayward as any sheep in a
ibe
real trial.
c A fte r a g o o d d e a l o f
kconcentration, t he sheep c a n b e
openned a n d t h e t im e t a k e n i s
fdisplayed. A s a guide it took our
reviewer 1 ,0 7 9 seconds — one
M
isecond short of 18 minutes.
l The game can be re-started by
pressing NEW LINE.
l
SINCLAIR USER J uly 1982
le PRINT A T 1 9 ,2 9 ;C H A $ 1 3 8 ;A T
1 0
20 L E T 5 = 0
; 30 L E T R $ = " "
0 LET DH=21
5 ;S4 O
LE T DL=5
C be L E T S H = 5
LET 5L=25
H 57 00 L
ET Z=5
R 90 P R I N T A T S H ,S L; C H R $ 1 8 4 ; A T
D
H ,D L; C H R S 1 6 9
S1
00 I F 5 H = 1 9 AND S L = 2 9 TH EN GOT
O
1 11100 0L0E T 5 = 5 4 - 1
2 120 I F I N K E Y $ < > " " TH E N L E T A S - I
NKEY$
8 130 I F R $ = " " T H E N GOTO 9 0
; 140 P R I N T A T D H .D L; C H R S O A T 5 H
o
A1 5 0 P R I N T A T 1 9
5 6 0 L E T DH=DH-1.(AS=CHRIN 2 7 A N D D
T1
t
H<
L 2 1 )-(A I=C H R $ 5 2 AND DH>0)
12 9 ; C H R $
L=HDRL.( A
CD
H RD$ L 3> 1
L4
; 13711 I-L( E
A Ts =DC
$12
9 SA= N
0 )A N D D
0 1 80 3
I F A6B S ( S H - O H ) = z O R A B S ( s
C
L
) > =Z T H E N G O T O 9 0
, -1D9 L
0 I F A B S ( D L - S L ) <Z TH EN L E T 5
H
L
1 ( 5 L >DL ) - ( S L 4 D L )
R2 0 0 I F A B S ( D H - S H ) < Z T H E M L E T 5
1
(SH >D H ) - (SH <D H )
. 1 0 L E T SH=5H4. ( S H ( 1 ) - ( S H ) 2 0 )
; 2
2 2 0 L E T S L =SL-t- ( S L <1 ) - ( S L >3 0 )
C 2 3 0 I F 5 H = 1 O A N D ( S L 4 6 O R S L >1 0
) THEN LET SH=SH-1
H2 4 0 0 0 T O 9 0
0 0 0 P R I N T A T 2 1 , 0 ; 5 ; " SEC ON D S"
R1
1010 PAUSE 4 E 4
S1 0 2 0 C L S
1030 RUN
1
2
8
37
program for users of the
W
ZX-80. It is a version of the
E
well-known game o f Mastermind,
I
where
four numbers are picked at
N
random by the program a nd the
player
ha s a lim ited number of
C
attempts
i n whic h t o guess the
L
numbers.
U
DTo guide the player, the program
marks each attempt by bulls and
E
cows.
A bull denotes a correct
a
number in the proper position in the
s
sequence
and a cow means that the
p
number is correct but in the wrong
place.
e
cThe game continues until the
correct
number is guessed or the
i
player has had 15 attempts. Press
a f o r another number t o b e
RUN
l
guessed.
Bulls and Cows was sent by G Gill
of Westerham, Kent.
10 Di m N (4)
20 FO R A = I TO 4
30 LE T N(A) = RND (9)
40 NE X T A
45 FO R A = 1 1 0 4
50 FO R C = 1 TO 4
60 I F A = C THEN GOTO 100
70 I F MA) = MC) THEN GOTO 20
1130 NE X T C
110 NE X T A
I 20 LE T A = N(1) • 1000 + N(21
*100 + N(3)* 10 + N(4)
130 P RI NT "ENTER YOUR GUESS"
135 FO R 1 TO 15
140 I N P U T BS
141
142
143
144
150
160
165
180
190
200
210
220
225
230
240
250
260
270
280
350
360
400
410
420
I F BS = " " THEN GOTO 360
P RI NT BS " ;
LE T B = 0
LE T C = 0
LE T AS = S I M (A)
LE T X$ . AS
LE T CS = BS
FO R S = 1 TO 4
FO R D = I TO 4
I F CODE(XS) = CODE(CS) THEN
GOSUB 400
LE T CS = TLSICS)
NE X T D
LE T CS = BS
LE T XS TL.S(X.S)
NE X T S
I F B = 4 THEN GOTO 350
P RI NT B; "BULLS": C; "COWS"
NE X T F
P RI NT " I LL TELL YOU THAT
IT WAS"; A
P RI NT "THAT'S I T"
S TO P
I F S = D THEN LET B = B + 1
I FNO TS =DTHE NLE TC=C+ I
RE TURN
• Because of the large number of
programs which have been sent to
us, we cannot acknowledge every-
thing which we receive. If you have
not heard from us within one month
of despatch, it is unlikely that we
will be using your submission.
SrNCLAIR USER J ul y 1 982
ZX81
users
I need more memory! please rush me t h e fully
assembled, tested a n d guaranteed
'BYG BYTE'
16KRAMPACK
N am e
A d d ress
Ma k e a l l c h e q u e s & P O ' s p a y a b l e t o : P hoeni x M a r k e t i n g , O a k l a n d s H o u s e S o l a r t r o n R o a d ,
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FULLY INCLUSIVE PRICE
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,
ABOVE
FIAMTOP AN D SO ALLOWS YOU TO OPERATE ON OTHER PROGRAM S
0
SOME
OF ITS M ANY FEATURES INCLUDE AU T O RENUMBERING IINCLUDING ALL
E
GOTO
5 • GOSUB'S), BLOCK DELETION OF AN Y PART OF A PROGRAM D I SPL AY
N THE AMOUNT OF MEMORY USED SAVES HOURS OF TEDIOUS PROGRAMMING
OF
H
A
£6.95
1 6 K
N 1 / 1 Z X COM PI LER
C
AUTOMATICALLY TRANSLATES A LARGE SUBSET OF BASIC INTO MACHINE CODE
E
WHICH I S THEN STORED IN A REM STATEM ENT FOR USE AS A SUBROUTINE IN
D
ANY PROGRAM YOU WRITE. OPERATES ON 35 OF THE MOST VALUABLE SINCLAIR
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BASIC COM M ANDS INCLUDING PRINT CONDI TI ONALS. POKE. GOTO. GOSU B
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FOR LOOPS ETC ETC.
S
I
£5.95
C 1 / 2 G R AF ix
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6
K
1
6ESSENTIAL FOR THOSE WH O NEED COM PLEX I M AGES I N THEIR PROGRAM S
kSUPERBLY EASY TO USE. WHEN YOUR DESIGN IS COMPLETE IT CAN EASILY BE
INCOPORATED I NTO OTHER PROGRAM S I M AGES CAN BE STORED R EC ALLED
AT AN Y TIME, REFLECTED (SE MIRROR iM AGEI M I X E D TOGETHER Y O U C AN
CHANGE THE FLEXIBLE
c o L o uIMoA GE
r P IROCE S S IV 4 A V A IL A B L E
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SPECIAL OFFER B U Y AN Y T WO PR OGR AM S FOR ON LY E ll 50 OR AN Y
E THREE FOR 115 00
I THE
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S G E O F 1 X8 1 SOF T WAR E - AL L O F WH I C H I S AVAI L ABL E
E THROUGH THE Z X SOFTWARE LI BR AR Y S A E FOR FULL D ETAI LS.
V
I
D
E
CHEQUE
OR P
O
.
I
O T O
M
P S S •
A
1
1USER J u l y 1982
SINCLAIR
G
2
E
O
L
I
S
V
E
R
DEPT. SU
OPENING SHORTLY
A retailer for Sinclair accessories in the
Yorkshire/ Lancashire/ Humberside area.
We are situated close to the M1 El M62
motorways and offering easy parking.
As well as a complete range of hard and
software, our service department can
repair, modify or fit a wide range of
accessories.
For further details of these and many other
services phone:
PHILIP COPLEY
on
0924 272 545
Manufacturers of accessories looking for a
retailer in our area are invited to contact us.
Hours of business:
MO N DAY to SA T U R D A Y, 10am to Etom
39
t t it t t lt t WHI P 117,11
THE
t l i t i I t t Nr p Tir I I l l lit 1 , 1 . 1 1 ilt i t it I 1111119111110H1•11.
BUFFER
MICRO SHOP
(NEXT TO STREATHAM STATION)
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SATURDAY 24 (10.30. 21.00), SUNDAY 25 (10.30 - 18.00)
JULY 1982
374A STREATHAM HIGH ROAD,
LONDON SW16
Tel: 0 1 - 769 2887
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S.A.E. APPRECIATED FOR CATALOGUE
ZX81& 80OWNERS
ACCESSTOTHE OUTSIDE WORLD'
SPECIALISEDPRODUCTSMODULAR EASY TOUSEFOR
HOME/INDUSTRY&EDUCATION
b l e d
ADMISSION:
.M
ADULT
CHILD(under161
1
0
5
0
(halfprice withcoupon)
0
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Exhibitionandotherdiversions for ZX.B.B.C.Micro,VIC,IRS.Sharp.
Sorcerer.VideoGenie.Tangerine.Nascorn,Atari.PetandAcornuser
40
----.
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INPUTkUTPU1PORT E a s y to uSe r t oetween ZX & RAMPACRiPRINTERit?
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The popularity of writing in machine code
is growing. Phil Garrett looks a t the
systems which can help.
Aids for speed
and efficiency
Space Invader-type a r c a de
j games for the ZX-81. a nd of
books
U such as Toni Baker's Mastering
code on your ZX-81. it
D machine
seems
the ZX-81 owners want not
G
only to run machine code programs
I write them, too. That is scarcely
but
N
surprising,
considering t h e t r e G
mendous
speed and efficiency of a
machine
code program compared to
b
Basic,
b
u
t the r e i s a tr a de -off
y
involved.
t
I w r o t e a three-dimensional
h
Noughts
and Crosses program for
e
mypZX-80 which played a good game
buto ha d a response tim e o f 4 5
seconds. A year later I wrote the
p program in machine code on
same
myuZX-81 and it had a response time
of lless than half a second. Writing
a program, however, had taken
that
eight
r complete days of my summer
holiday.
i
t
Broadly
speaking, there are three
y
types of program available to aid the
budding
machine code adventurer.
o
The
most
complex a nd probably
f
most useful programs are the assemblers, w h i c h c o n v e r t
mnemonics into machine code; then
there are disassemblers which do
the reverse a nd, finally, monitor
programs whic h a llow close e x amination o f a m a c hine c ode
SINCLAIR USER J uly 1982
program a s i t r uns , plus othe r
functions. When Zilog produced the
Z-80 microprocessor, each o f its
hundreds of instructions was given
a mnemonic s o tha t users could
remember w h a t a p a r t i c u l a r
instruction would do. For example,
LD A , H means load the Accumulator wit h the contents of the H
register a n d represents 1 2 4 i n
machine code, T h e mnemonic i s
entirely arbitrary and could just as
well have been LOAD A FROM H.
We c ould produce a machine
code program by POKEing instructions byte by byte into RAM a nd
plenty o f machine c ode loa de r
programs do just that. The method,
program for Basic keywords —
CALL — and then places the corresponding instruction in the RAM.
The ability to use labels makes an
assembler v e r y powe r ful, a s i t
allows the programmer to refer to
instruction lines, subroutines, and
even da ta b y means o f symbols,
rather than having to determine the
addresses each time.
Sufficient of the theory; how are
the ZX-81 assemblers used? BugBytes ZXAS assembler is in 5K of
machine code, with a few lines of
Basic to operate it. The program resets R A MTOP automatically a nd
loads i t s e l f a bov e i t , s o t h a t
assembler source programs can be
loaded and saved separately. Lines
of mnemonics are entered in REM
statements, wit h multiple instructions allowed, provided they a r e
separated by semi-colons. Up to 256
labels can be used in the form :LO to
:L255, and comments may be placed
after a " * " . Full-stops a r e used
instead of commas — e.g., LD A. H —
which makes typing instructions
easier and numbers may be entered
in de c im a l o r he x . W h e n t h e
assembler is run, you are prompted
for t he starting address f or the
resulting machine code. Invariably I
use a REM statement at the start of
the pr ogr a m , a n d c om pile t h e
machine c ode f r om 16514- T h e
assembler code is then displayed on
the screen in the format source line
number: address (in hex): opcode
and data (in hex): Z-80 mnemonic. If
there is a n error, the assembler
'There is a trade-off between the speed of
the final program and the time taken to
write it.'
though, is highly error-prone a nd stops with an error code, so it is not
time-consuming i f the program is difficult t o build a syntacticallysubstantial. On the other hand, an correct source program.
There is at least one bug in ZXAS;
assembler program converts t he
mnemonic form of instructions — the SUB A ,n instruction does not
which we can understand reason- work but it can be replaced by AND
ably easily — into machine code A; SBC A,n which does the same.
which t h e microprocessor c a n ZXAS is a remarkable program and
is excellent value at E5.
understand and execute.
The only other ZX-81 assembler I
In some wa y s t h e assembler
have
encountered is produced by
program is similar to the Basic ROM
continued on puge 42
in the ZX-81. The ROM scans the
4
1
T
continued from poge
ACS Software. It is similar to ZXAS
in s i z e a n d o p e r a t i o n , w i t h
i n stru cti o n s e n t e r e d i n R E M
statements and labels available i n
the form Q.1: Q.255:.
Data must be entered in decimal
rather than hex — I prefer decimal
— and there is a useful D M function
which a l l o w s y o u t o specify th e
contents of a particular byte during
assembly, so you can have messages
embedded in your machine code.
The assembled listing display is
slightly di fferent fr o m ZXAS: you
are given the decimal address, hex
opcode a n d d a ta , a n d th e n t h e
mnemonic.
The A C S a s s e m b l e r i s a l s o
excellent value at E5.50 and the use
of either this program or ZXAS is the
single biggest step to proficiency in
machine code programming.
Neither program sets out to teach
assembler, so a book w i l l also be
needed. I u s e t h e thorough b u t
expensive Programming the Z-80 by
Rodney Za k s b u t th e re a r e n o w
several books available specifically
to the printer and you have to use
the break key to re tu rn to Basic.
Machine code can be entered, and
individual bytes changed, using hex.
This program, p ri ce E4, has been
available since lune, 1981 and has
perhaps been superceded by some
of the others on the market.
The Aylesbury ZX Computer Club
has decided courageously to enter
the s o f t w a r e f r a y w i t h i t s
disassembler. I t i s a v e r y l a rg e
program (14K) a n d r u n s a l i ttl e
slower than the others. The display,
which can go to screen, printer, or
both, i s u n u s u a l ; a d d r e s s e s ,
contents a n d mnemonic d a ta a r e
given in both hex and decimal and
the display allows one line for each
byte. There is also a facility to enter
machine code fro m address 30000
in either hex or decimal and an Edit
function to a l te r a byte o r copy a
block of bytes from one area of RAM
to another. It is good value at E3.50
plus 5 0 p e n ce f o r postage a n d
packing.
Bug-Bytes Z X D B disassembler
can be used in conjunction with its
'In some ways the assembler program is
similar to the Basic ROM in the ZX-81.
for machine code programming on
the ZX-81.
Disassemblers convert machine
code i n t o mnemonics, ma ki n g i t
easier to analyse and amend. The
ACS disassembler can be used a t
the same time as its assembler and
provides mnemonic listings i n th e
same fo rma t. A l l addresses a r e
shown i n decimal and destination
addresses a re shown f o r relative
j u mp s r a t h e r t h a n t h e
displacement, which is an excellent
idea.
All the other disassemblers have
additional b e l l s a n d w h i stl e s t o
assist w i th editing and debugging
machine code. Campbell Systems 4K
disassembler uses plenty o f Basic
and its machine code occupies my
favourite 16514 onwards a re a o f
RAM. It has a handy facility to step
backwards and displays contents in
hex, with addresses and mnemonics
in decimal. You cannot dump direct
42
S
I
N
ZXAS assembler and occupies 4K
from a d d r e s s 1 6 5 1 4 . I t svo rks
entirely in hex and does not dump to
the p r i n t e r , a l th o u g h y o u c a n
circumvent th a t b y disassembling
12 lines o r so, then calling 08691-i,
which i s th e Sinclair ROM COPY
subroutine.
Another disadvantage i s t h a t
some of the mnemonics belong to the
8080 rather than the Z-80, e.g., LD
A, (HL) appears as LD A.M. It has a
very large number of sophisticated
mo n i to r f u n c t i o n s . s o I h a v e
included i t among the monitors as
well. ZXDB costs E6•50.
Mi cro Ge n D e b u g i s a l s o a
disassembler w i t h so me mo n i to r
functions, works entirely in hex, and
can be used with a printer. Care has
to be taken when transferring from
Basic t o Debug a n d back, o r th e
ZX-81 will crash. I found the monitor
display impressive, although more
detailed instructions w o u l d h a ve
C
L
A
been h e l p fu l . Th e p ro g ra m l i ve s
above R A M TOR w h i ch i t re-sets
automatically, and costs E3.95.
ACS
junction
w i th th e ACS assembler
and
disassembler
t o p ro vi d e a
Deb
complete,
i
f
r
a
t
h
e
r e xp e n si ve ,
ug
machine code w ri ti n g package. I t
stocre s a b o v e R A M T O P . u s e s
a
decimal
numbers only, and does not
n
dump to the printer. Once again, i t
costs
b E5.50.
The
Pi ctu re sq u e Z X - M C i s
e
another
sophisticated monitor: i t is
u
rather
l i ke a separate operating
s
system. You cannot use i t with any
e
existing
machine code programs, as
d
it uses low memory and has its own
i in high memory. It has its own
stack
loading
n
and saving routines which
operate
a t tw i ce the speed o f the
c
ZX-81.
Th
e program i s complete
o
with
a
comprehensive
manual fo r
n
£7.50 b u t I believe i ts incompati- w i t h o th e r p ro g ra ms i s a
bility
serious disadvantage.
The Taurus Machine Code Monitor is placed above RAMTOP and is
available as a cassette and also in
EPROM form as part of its 16K RAM
pack system. With the latter you can
switch f r o m 1 4 K R A M p l u s 2 K
monitor to the full 16K RAM. Apart
from th e usual functions, i t has a
helpful hex calculator and a facility
to cre a te REM statements o f any
length. It also has a comprehensive
manual a t E7.50 i n cassette form,
and the RAM-pack system costs ELIO.
Bug-Byte, 98-100 The Albany, Old Hall Street,
Liverpool 13 9EP.
ACS, 7 Lidgett Crescent, Roundhay, Leeds LS8
1HN.
Campbell Systems, 15 Rous Road, Buckhurst
Hill, Essex IG9 681.
Aylesbury ZX Comput er Club, 12 Long Plough,
Aston Clinton, Aylesbury, Bucks.
Mic roGen, 2 4 A g a r Cres c ent , Brac k nell,
Berkshire.
Picturesque, 6 Corkscrew Hill, West Wickham,
Kent BR4 9BB.
Taurus, 4 7 H i g h S t r e e t , B a l d o c k , He r t s
SG7 5BG.
I
R
USER I * 1982
ZX81 MO NO P O LY allows up to six players
to compete wi th the machi ne doi ng all the
boring bits. Sorry NO cheati ng al l owed
YOU can't argue wi th a computer% ZX81
MONOPOLY allows the game to be saved
wi th a WI NNER SO FAR report to END all
ar guments! Uses virtually an of 16k and
comes compl ete wi th
an i nstr ucti on
bookl et
3 WAVES
ELS OF PLAY
16%( RAM 7 LEV
N
E
LASER SHI ELD +RAP I D FI RI NG + HI GH
SCORE ARCADE ACTI ON GAME IN MACHI
CODE SO FAST IT MAKE S YOUR EYES SORE'
I GOOD ZX81 P RO G RAMS WANTEDI
TRADERJAM
Best de s c r i be d as a T R A D I N G A D V E N T U R E ga m e
i fs a PAI N. Wr i tten for MASOCHI STS the game
starts I NNOCENTLY wi th f40.000 in your hand THE N
you'r e on YOUR OWN! You choose CREW. SHI P.
STORES end CARGO. You even choose wher e to go
and either make a FORTUNE or FAIL to SURVI VE.
GO CAREFUL you have 200 Bytes loft fr om 16k
WORK FORCE
E
The ultimate
S
SINCLAIR ZX 81 (16K)
:
DATABASE
FILING SYSTEM
9
5
(
Dept SU
C
I
140 WILSIDEN AVE., LUTON, BEDS.
Tel: Luton 454456
by D A LE HUBBARD
Fed up w ith boring games — mak e y our ZX81 w or k f or y ou!
The one y ou'v e been waiting for !!
Cassette based
Clear " me n u " operation
Facilities inc lude sort, search, lis t, delete, change, total numeric fi eld, save and load fi le, line print, etc .
Complete with demons tration fi le and full ins truc tion/applic ation leafl et.
Requires 16K Ram pack.
Applications: R e c ip e fi le
Stamp/c oin collections
Inventory Control
Employee Data
Record Collec tions
Magazine article catalogue
May be used for any applic ation where fas t access is required t o stored infor mation
Access ac c epted
ONLY
£ 5 . 9 5 F ULLY IN C LU SIVE!
Send cheque or P.O. or credit card number to:
GEMIN I M A R K E TIN G LTD .
Quay House, Qua y Road, N e w t o n A bbot, D e v on TQ1 2 2BU
OR telephone us with your credit card order
on Newton Abbot (0626) 62869
ok
eO
0'
N
c,
DESPATCH B Y RET URN
O
.
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KEMPS TON MICRO ELECTRONICS
PRESENT
ITHE
N G NEW
ZX MAK
KEYBOARD
IF YOU ARE like many 2.X81 users and are fed up with the
dead 'touch sensitive' key pad then consider the advantages of the new KE MP S TO N KLI K- KE Y BO ARD. Thi s is
a ge nui ne p u s h b u t t o n k e y boa r d w hi c h h a s b e e n
desi gned as an exact r epl acement, bei ng no larger than
the existing key pad, but offer i ng all the advantages of a
full size keyboard. Consi der these facts:
• Fi ts on to the ZX81.
• N o soldering needed on the assembled version
(just pl ug in)
• N o trailing wires.
• N o special case required.
•Posi ti ve feedback fr om keys.
* Full t w o col our l egends supplied.
•Ful l back-up service offer ed, i ncl udi ng fitti ng.
This is a genui ne 40-key, push button keyboar d whi ch fits
into the recess formed after peeling off the existing touch
sensitive keypad.
The kit comes wi th a precision drilled P. C. B. fini shed in
man black, 40 keys, 2 col our l egends, connecti ng tails,
adhesive pads and a full set of instructions.
Vo w W m . • nd Ad d ' s. —
1, . / mnpl oon
kl000 pm.= * m a w s
z x a i k oote e r d
CD
Keybomid Alsembled
1121
es
ast
So b W O
Also available from our range of products is a
Parallel User I/O post E16.50 built Et tested. Gives
1 6 . 0 lines to drive light relays, motors etc_ Many
already sold to education. Keyboard bleeper £8.95
built, repeat key kit E2.95.
Ca • Te op
U S . ,
l ot * W . , .
1 0 0 0 .
ICIIMPROn M U M Electronics
B OA ...n
M
o
.
.
i
e • • • • • • • m K e e e t4 .
• Proprietor A. Pandaal. B.Sc., P.G. Cert. Ed
MOVING AHEAD
WITH
ZX SOFTWARE
ZX CHESS Et ADVENTURES
PROGRAMS FOR THE /X8 1 .8 0 INCLUDiNG -
ZX-FORTH
16K RAM PACKS
1K Z.X-CHESSII
ZX CHESS I
reduced to E6.50
ZX CHESS 11
now only E9.95
ADVENTURES
ADVENTURE 'A'
£6.00
ADVENTURE 'B'
0. 00
ADVENTURE 'C'
E8.00
GALAXIANS
E3.95
ZX BUG
E7.00
Full implementation of FORTH for the ZX 1 0 — 26
erne faster than BASIC. 'Simplicity of BASIC with
speed Et machine code.'
EIVG BYTE RAM PACKS, no wobble problems. 1 year
guarantee on each R AM PAC K. The best you can buy.
Immediate de live ry.
We didn't think it was possible, but the game plays
against you, t w o ope ning move s. o n ly 1 K of me mory
needed.
Ve ry popula r ma chine code progra m, wit h six le ve ls of
play a nd a n a na lysis option. Unbe a te n e xce pt by:
A new improved version with a faster response tome,
seven le ve ls o f pla y, a nd in a ddition a re comme nde d
move option.
Exciting machine code games with instant response,
choose from the range below. You find yourself
stranded on an alien planet.
Can you reach your ship and escape
In a jungle cle a ring yo u come a cross a n I nca te mple .
You must bre a k in, colle ct tre a sure a nd e sca pe alive_
Be wa re . I nclude s a ca sse tte sa ve routine ,
you a re unfortuna te e nough t o be dra wn t o a n a lie n
cruise r. C a n yo u re a ch t h e co n t ro l ro o m a n d tre e
yourself or will the y ge t you first?
include s a ca sse tte sa ve routine .
Am the fe a ture s of the acarde ga me in a fa st ma chine
code progra m. Sw o o p in g attackeas, e xplosions a nd
personalised scoring
A 3o in 1 machine code tool and cilisaembler, allows
access to all registers and to search through, and
modify me mory, w it h ca sse tte routine s.
and many more. For
a catalogue giving full details, please se nd a S, A.E to
Artic Computing
Dept. EE
396 James Reckitt Avenue
Hull H1J8 WA.
44
is a stylish and
ergonomic plinth for the DOA I t raises and
tilts the TV to avoid eyestrain, holds the *KRA M
in place and hides the wiring and power supply.
This very professional unit costs LIS, a built-in
power switch is t 3, plus postage at £1.50, inc VAT
Peter Furlong Products,125Catford Hill. London SE6 4PR
Callers by appointment, please.Tel 01690 7799. Visa , Access
SINCLAIR USER July 1982
Accounting for
small business
TWO sophisticated a c counting programs ha v e
been put on to the market
by Hestacrest with the intention o f improving the
efficiency of routine a c counting a llow cost.
The programs are written for preparing accounts
from incomplete records
of a sole tr a de r a nd a
limited company. They are
written for use mainly by
accountants but they can
also be useful to the small
tr a de r w i t h a l i t t l e
knowledge of accounting.
Figures can be entered
into the accounts in the
usual f or m s , inc luding
cash payments a n d r e ceipts and bank payments
and r e c e ipts . U s ing a
system of coding, the accounts a r e then built-up
from those, printing-out all
the records of interest to
the company.
The programs are available from Hestacrest, PO
Box 19, Leighton Buzzard,
Bedfordshire. LU 7 ODG,
costing E17.50 each or E25
for the two.
Improved
Othello
MINE of Information has
produced what it claims to
be an improved version of
its game Othello. The improvements include more
features for a lower total
price o f E6 .9 0 , be t t e r
loading and easier use.
All input is said to be
crashproof a n d loa ding
problems have been overcome b y a h a r d w a r e
modification to generate a
strong, c le a n, or igina l
SINCLAIR USER J uly 1952
signal a nd tape duplication u s i n g a s i g n a l
enhancement process.
The n e w features i n clude the ability to replay
moves a t any stage, both
forward and backward.
The n e w p r o g r a m ,
known as version 3.5, was
shown at the ZX Microf air
at the beginning of April
and lost only one contest
out of 30 when playing at
half power.
Othello i s a v a ila ble
from Mine of Information,
1 F r a n c i s A v e nue , S t
Albans, Hertfordshire.
Adventures
from Mgor
ALGOR has produced two
adventure games whic h
are different f r om a ny thing else on the market.
Shelob's L a i r i s a 1 3 K
Basic a nd machine code
game which gives a 31) image of your location and
shows a l l t h e e x its i n
perspective.
There a r e ple nt y o f
monsters a n d treasures,
represented i n w o r d s
rather than graphics, scattered a r o u n d t h e 1 8 0
rooms.
The room displays are
generated using code and
are impressively fast. The
layout and the contents of
the rooms change only if
you reach a different level,
in whic h case a s e t o f
tougher m ons te r s a n d
more valuable treasures is
generated.
The othe r program is
Mines a n d M ons t e r s ,
which allows up to four
4
players to play at the same
time. It is a 13K Basic game
in which all the locations,
treasures a n d monsters
are generated randomly at
each turn.
It is not very exciting but
is entertaining enough and
useful, i f only t o a v oid
family arguments a bout
who can use the ZX-81.
Both pr ogr a m s c o s t
E3.50, Shelob's Lair being
packaged w i t h a n e c onomy simulation game and
Mines and Monsters having a multi-player stock
market game. Algor is at
Dovercourt. S t . J a m e s
Road, Northampton.
Zuclunan
for the ZX-81
WHAT IS said to be the
first DC-81 version of the
popular a r c a d e g a m e
Puckman has been produced by DIL Software. Called
Zuckman, i t runs on the
ZX-81 with the 16K RAM
pack.
It is very user-friendly,
giving complete instructions for playing. Written
in machine code, it is a fast
and interesting game and
requires a quick appreciation of how to move the
figure.
Zuckman i s available
from D J L Softwa r e , 9
Tweed Close, Swindon,
Wiltshire.
Parlez-vous
le Basic?
A C A S S E TTE t o h e l p
children with GCE 0 level
French examinations has
been produced b y Rose
Cassettes, w h i c h
specialises in educational
software f o r t he Z.X-81.
For use with the 16K RAM
pack, i t covers grammar
5
and vocabulary. O n t he
first side, there are three
sections d e a l i n g w i t h
verbs, pronouns a nd adjectives, w i t h le s s ons
followed b y tests. T h e
second s ide de a ls w i t h
vocabulary, w i t h 3 4 5
nouns, m or e t h a n 1 9 0
verbs and about 290 common expressions.
The c a s s e t t e i s
a v a ila ble f r o m R o s e
Cassettes, 1 4 8 Widne y
Lane, S o l i h u l l , W e s t
Midlands at a cost of E4,50
including postage.
Fighting the
Prince aliens
FOR THE intrepid fighter
against a l l things a lie n.
Astro-Invaders is the lead
game in a pack available
from joim Prince Software
costing E3.65.
According t o the company there is no superior
version of the game on the
market a t s uc h a competitive price. In machine
code, it runs automatically
on loading and involves 54
manoeuvring aliens which
are knocked out by photonfiring torpedoes. A s t he
game proceeds the attack
rate increases.
The other games in the
pack a r e Gr a nd- P r ix ,
Penalty. Golf and Swat.
John Prince Software is
at 2 9 B r ook A v e nue ,
Le v e ns hulm e , M a n chester.
MICROGENQUALITYPRODUCTS
ZX81A/DCONVERTERBOARD
DM
This 4 channel analogue to digital converter. originally developed
for joystick control, can be used for such applications as
meas urement of voltage, t emperat ure, light intensity etc.
The board fits in bet ween the RA M pack and the ZX8 1 ( N o skill is
required to make this connection, and it actually improv es the
stability of the RAM pack).
Price now only 1 1 8 5 0
THIS SUBERB LOOKING DESK
CONSOLE HOUSES A
ZX81
THE ULTIMATE
CONVERSION?
JOYSTICKS for the ZX8 1 only £9.60 each
• The most exciting add-on ever for the ZX81, free yourself of tha'
dead. unresponsive keyboard.
• 1 or 2 joysticks may be connected via our A / D board.
• Turns your ZY8 1 int o a true programmable games mac hine
• Extends the capability of the ZX 8 1 i ma g i n e the t remendous
variety of games and applications that now bec ome possible
• Det ails supplied on how to use the joysticks in your own
programmes
Please note that you cannot connect conventional analogue
loysticks directly to the digital input ports found on most I / O
boards, an A I D converter such as ours is required
A free copy of ZX AMAZE plus any one of the games listed below
when ordering a joystick and an A / D board.
PROGRAMSAVAILABLE
If you would like your ZX81
to look like this, then send it
to us and we will return it to you built into this cabinet
including a 9" monit or connected directly to the video output
of the ZX8I, and a full mechanical key lock A l l for E195.
Alternately we can supply the cabi net only for E38+ E5
P&P.
ZX SPACE I NVADERS You'v e tried the rest. now try the BEST
This program has many features including an ever increasing rate
of play (they'll get you in the end)
only E3.95
ZX BREAKOUT
Quite simply the best breakout on the market.
Features e n bat angles. (you won' t fi nd this one easy)
Only [ 3 . 9 5
RI VERSI DE HOUSE, BRADLEY LANE. NEWTON
ABBOT. DEVON,
TELEPHONE NEWTON ABBOT (0626) 68622.
ZX BOMBER.
A very addictive arcade game.
bomb and snoot your way out of trouble. ot herwis e you are
doomed to crash Generat es a different pattern, f ord different
game each time you play. On the reverse of the cassette is ZX
REFLEX fi nd out how fast you really are.
now only £3. 95
M U M M A ' The original and still the best. • Graphic display of
t i e
be
. c omput ers • Board can be set up to any position. • Has ability
toi rchange
sides or level in mid-game. • PLUS • CHESS CLOCK on
d
reverse
side,
records time taken by each player. • Resetable
•
function.
8
• Single key entry.
l
now only f 6 50
e
DISASSEMBLER
Et MONITOR.
Allows you to enter and run
v
• ULifr
5
n
mac.birie
code
Relouat
es
to top of memory to allow you
e
!ol load other programs and find out how they work. Block move.
Byte
s search. Load display and alter all CPU registers. Wi n d o w on
memory facility, uses standard mnemonic s , an absolute necessity
.f olearning mac hine code
f
only E3. 95
p
7X CRA MB L E
Th i s * the fastest arcade type game we k now
l
32a zones t hrus t and altitude controls s mart bomb and fi ring
ontrols
y
only E 3 95
.
Wi• t o l i J O I L I MI NUL UI MI N e w f rom Mic ro Gen, Magic al
Adv
D ent ure Game wit h graphical position A l l o wi n g a host of
options
i
13 95
s
Allp our games can be used wit h joysticks or keyboard. (except
l
chess
and Sorcerer's Castle keyboard only) Supplied on cassette
wit
a h library case
y
It you writ e a program whic h is exceptional, please s ubmit it to us
s will offer a royalty if it is suitable,
We
r
Cheques
+ POs Pay able to MI CROG EN, 24 Agar Cres
e
Bracknell,
Berks
c
Please add 40p P to all orders
o
r
46 d
o
f
MICROWARE
NEWSHOPIN
LEICESTER
FOR
SINCLAIR
cI
0
A
COMPUTERS
Keyboards • Ram Packs • 1 / 0 Parts •
Monitors • Graphic Boards etc.
Games, Serious, Home, Business Software,
Books Et- Magazines.
MICROWARE
131 MELTO N ROAD, LEICESTER
Tel: 0533 681812
H oliday Clos ing
S h o p
Open
Our shop will only 9 . 3 0 - 5 . 3 0
be open on Mondays, C l o s e d Thurs.
Fridays and Saturdays S . A . E . Brings
between 28th J une and C a t a l o g u e
16th J uly
0
A
'SUPER S U M M E R SALE
NEW OR G ENUINE
REDUCTIO NS'
MICROWARE
SI NCLAI R USER t i d y 1982
hardware
world
11.111111
rcd),
Kempston
keyboard
are available a t E14.95
each, including V A T and
postage. DCP Microdevelopments, 2 Station Close,
Lingwood, Norwich NR13
4AX.
CAPITAL C OMPU TER S
has pr oduced t h e fi r s t
motherboard wit h ba nk switching inc or por a te d
on-board. The expansion
motherboard a ls o sorts
out the reflections of the
THURNELL ELECTRONICS ROM and RAM so that the
full 56K left can be used. It
has n o w e x te nde d i t s
range of equipment for the includes a + 5V regulator
ZX-81 to include a mother- for a s e pa r a te p o w e r
board, L E D i n d i c a t o r supply, a n optional metal
board, transistor dr iv e r case, and a range of plugboard, relay board to con- in boards.
The boards contain 16K
trol up to 1.5A AC or 24V
DC at 3A. All are in cases of e x t r a m e m or y , f u l l
but the original I10 port is RS232 serial interface to
still available in kit form drive printers, Centronics
and without a case.
pa r a lle l int e r f a c e f o r
A motherboard can con- printers complete w i t h
nect up to four devices to handshaking, and a 2716
the port at once. The port ROM containing the driver
routines.
is based on a Z
A ll t h e e x p a n s i o n
motherboard
sockets a r e
BOA
buffe r e d s o t h a t t h e
P I O
pulling-out of cards should
not crash the system. The
expansion motherboard
costs E 4 0 . 2 0 , s e r i a l /
parallel interface boa r d
E45.95, 16K RAM 0 3 .9 3 ,
and t h e m e t a l chassis
E19.50.
All are obtainable from
Capital Computers Ltd. 1
Branch Road, Park Street,
St. Albans AL1 4RJ.
Thurnell
motherboard
KEMPSTON Electronics mapped por ts a t 49148
has produced a m ic r o- and 49149. t h e various
miniature version of the ROMs c o n t a i n i n g t h e
ZX-81 keyboard with real words can be POKEd via
keys. It is the same size as Basic to the loudspeaker
the o r i g i n a l S i n c l a i r included inside the unit.
The s pe e c h c a n b e
keyboard a nd so can be
he
ard t h r o u g h t h e
placed on the top of it. It is
only half-an-inch high and loudspeaker o r , i f r e its black keys blend well quired, c a n be amplified
with the ZX-81.
via the jack socket providThe keyboard can be fit- ed — 8 ohms. The amount
ted by opening the case of w o r d s i t c a n s a y
and removing the original depends on the number of
leads to the sockets on the ROMs fi t t e d ins ide t h e
PCB and replacing it with box. A maximum of four
the leads from the Kemp- can be fitted and the basic
ston unit
model is supplied with the
The company also pro- first one.
duces a n Educase which
exposes the printed circuit
board to the naked eye, for
students a nd teachers to
see t hr ough t h e c le a r
plastic cover.
It i s ideal f or demonstrating the working of a
computer: t he back c a n
contain a pa r a lle l por t
complete wit h a demonstration program to run a
Centronics printer. Unfortunately t he r e a r e n o
Sinclair gr a phic s . T h e
keyboard costs E22.50.
Educes° E19.95, a nd the Kempston's new keyboard.
parallel port E18.95.
Most of the words are and so is completely comKempston Electronics is
measurements
of one kind patible with the ZX-01. It
at 6 0 Adamson C our t ,
Hillgrounds Road, Kemp- or another, b u t PAUSE costs E14.95 as a kit withston, Bedford MK42 8QZ. statements b e t w e e n out a case and E17.95 fullywords can be altered so assembled with case. The
that you can create your eight-transistor driver box
own from the words sup- costs £9.95. a nd motherplied. You are limited to board E15.95. For orders
DCP h a s p r o d u c e d a the beginning o f words, of less than E20. a dd 5 0
speech pack which can be however, as the speech is pence for post.
Thurnell Electronics is
fitted directly to the back stored only i n complete
at
9 5 Liv e r pool R oa d,
of a ZX-81 and which will words, not sounds.
Cadishead,
Ma nc he s te r
not inte r fe r e w i t h a n y
The speech pack costs
planned expansion. Using E49.95, c om ple te w i t h M30 5 B G. Te l: 061-775
a maximum of two memory- ROM 1, and extra ROMs 4461.
Speech pack
from DCP
I
SI NCLAI R USER J u l y 1982
Printer
interface
Memory board
from Fuller
FULLER M i c r o Systems
has added a new board to
its r a nge o f equipment
whch c a n fi t inside it s
keyboard case. It starts as
an or dina r y 1 8 K boa r d
supplied w i t h t h e i n dustrial s ta nda r d 4 1 1 6
chips but i f y ou decide
later that you need more
memory you can upgrade
the board to a full 64K by
changing the R A M chips
continued on page 4,1
t lir*
,
47
419,-
continued from page 47
and a fe w straps on the
same board.
The 16K PCB will fit into
any motherboard whic h
provides s oc k e t s f o r
boards t o plug into a nd
costs £39.95. To upgrade it
to f u l l 6 4 K w i l l c os t
another £45 f or instructions and the 64K chips to
fit to the board.
The c om ple te F u l l e r
Micro Systems range can
be seen a n d purchased
from The Z X Computing
Centre, Sweating Street,
Liverpool 2.
Mill, Frenches Road, Cam- program. A ll is contained
in a metal box 61/2 x 21/2
bridge CB4 3NP.
x 11/2in. which attaches
to t h e ZX-81 e dge conne c tor v i a a r i b b o n
cable t o prevent crashing t h e pr ogr a m , d u e
TAURUS Computer Design to t he movement o f the
has a 1 6 K R A M pa c k ZX-81.
which also contains a 2K
The 1 6 K R A M pa c k
m onitor E P R O M f o r costs 0 9 . 9 5 w i t h t h e
writing machine code pro- m onitor a n d £ 4 9 . 9 5
grams o n t he ZX-8 1 . I t without, from Taurus Comreplaces t h e t o p 2 K o f puter D e s ign, 4 7 H i g h
RAM when the switch is Street, Baldock Harts SG7'
thrown on the front of the 6BG. Tel: 0462-893900.
2K monitor
EPROM
TV Services
bleeper
TV SERVICES o f C a m bridge ha s a ne a t little
keyboard bleeper caned
the K A T keyboard audio
tone. The device can be fitted inside the case in the
space beneath t h e keyboard, o r i n a ny othe r
place for that matter, as it
is a n extremely fl a t PCB
and piezo-electric loudspeaker.
There a r e o n l y fi v e
soldering connections t o
make t o the ZX-81 PCB.
as t h e r e s t i s r e a dy assembled. I f that makes
you nervous, the company
will fit it to your ZX-81.
The bleeper gives two
tones, one when a key is
pressed and one when the
computer answers; it also
that a n y computer c a n
grow from 1 8 K R A M to
more than 1MB of RAM.
The packs which use the
bus will then be available
to be used by any machine
to provide printers. ports.
Toolkit programs, CMOS
and dynamic modules.
The s ilv e r packs a r e
connected mechanically
as well as electrically, to
each other, so there should
be no chance of a faulty
connection. The basic Persona module costs 0 0 .4 2
inc. VAT and postage.
BASICare Microsystem
Ltd, 5 Dryden Court, London SEll 4NH. Tel: 01-735
6408.
Metrimpex
disc drive
METRIMPEX of Hungary
is introducing a revolutionary n e w dis c dr iv e
system to this country and
at least one manufacturer.
Macronics, has opted for
it. The disc drive is very
BASICare
conversion
similar to an eight-track
tape recorder, as the disc
is stored in a hard plastic
box which is opened only
when the disc is inserted
BASICare ha s produced
the O r g a n i c m ic r o, a
system whic h makes i n compatability be t we e n
systems out-of-date. T h e
idea i s tha t every computer should use the same
connections t o t he R A M
packs a n d p o r t s b u t ,
because each time a computer manufacturer pr oduces a ne w machine i t
changes the wa y i t connects, tha t has not been
possible previously.
Now BASICare will provide a personality module
into the drive.
It can fit in the palm of
your hand and can provide
up to 200KB of memory on
one disc. The power supply is + 12V and + 5V and it
weighs only 0,47 kilogrammes.
The dr iv e provides a
standard interface so that
it can be used with disc
c ontr olle r s a l r e a d y
available. T h e pr ic e i n
quantity is E50 and details
can b e obt a ine d f r o m
BATS-NC! L t d , 3 7 5 b
Regents Park Road, Lon-
The 1SK HAM pock from Taurus Comput er Design.
RAM pack a nd you c a n
enter t he machine code
monitor by a simple USR
command.
The m onitor provides
facilities s uc h a s h e x
arithmetic, break points.
copying d a t a f r om one
place to another, decimal
signals the start and finish to h e x conversion, fi l l .
of a LOADing or SAVEing memory display, port read
program. I t may also be and w r i t e , p l u s m a n y
programmed to bleep in a more. T h e monitor w i l l
program — for simulating write a suitable-length
an explosion — by using a REM statement a t t h e
PAUSE greater than 5.
beginning of a program, so
The KAT costs f 8.95 if that y our machine code
you fi t i t yourself a n d routine c a n b e s tor e d
E10.95 i f you send your there and will even re-set
ZX-81 for it to be fitted.
the Basic variables so that
TV Services o f Cam- a R E T U R N f r o m t h e
bridge L t d . Chesterton monitor will not crash the
48
standard connection, so
to convert the ZX-81. BBC don N3 1DG. Tel: 01-349
computer or Apple in one 4511.
SI NCLAI R USER J u l y 1982
ZX
REGISTER
brings together the Si ncl ai r ZX wor l d wi thi n one cover
DIRECTORY OF 350 SUPPLIERS
Schedules of SOFTWARE programs —
Games, Educational, Business, Computer
Enhancement and Domestic sub-divided
into a further 30 categories.
Extensive list of HARDWARE items for sale
Index of 71 PUBLICATIONS
References to reviews of ZX ware
USER CLUBS w h e n and where to meet
Much other useful information including details of
other services and programs, notes for new users,
advertisements.
P r i c e £2. 95 f r om
..„
sft
• Ots r i ti c .
—
—
, ?only 1 l • 4 1 • MS NOW
z B oth
x I l A M pa c ts use same he/rt A B S plashe case
8
1S l re e h e d Wre n " o wn se n a co n n e ct o r to w h o o L
p * om e c h a n i c a l sh e lsikt,
I LIN... gua r a nte e d Foil., c opa loble we t, ZX P tinte i
ci
5
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K Sas R AM its usere addrassabse risereinty is in 4 areas
0 S in cla ir BASI C ROM ttreat only'
8•16k Machine code area unaffected by CLEAR. N EW. LOAD . SAVt
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GALAXY IaN VAD ER
i S ca sse tte end instructions tmintrnum R A M I
Still available
at only
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1
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Five !smoky
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GRAPHI CS STARTER PAC K !Four lk Graphics':otter/1mM
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UNPLOT
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the programs i n
A bandits m e nu cltratn package of procerbutes geeing you fuN COn trOi 01 the D W I
g rap h i t e . S u p p l e d o e th 7 LI u atj e i l l o sttstact m a n u a l
Casseltr dil.1 12 page llama rater, bookial with itshogs, detailed ler beeral notes on
G O M A. PEEK. The lX8 1 character tables etc
STATISTICS PAC KAGE 1Forks lk Sta tistics proa re msl
YOUNGS ZX REGISTER
D
I
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LrsSettoi and 8 page booklet conleee.nci listings. instruc M uni for um , Sionsilte date
2 Woodl a nd Wa y , G os h° I d. Ha l s t e a d Essex C 0 9 1TH
The register is bei ng cnnti nuousl y r evi sed ancl r e issued
II you want your new pr oduct to be in the Register contact us
We can also arrange for you to be on PRESTEL
an d re su l l s C o m p e t e
, Sme nd
e a$ nC C
s F o r fu r th e r de ta ils . P r i c e s a ll- inc lus iv e in B r a is e , Isles
ESurDope a n c us tom e r s ple a s e a d d 30p pe r s o ftw a r e d e n t w u r l d e o r d e /OP
- Overseas c uS tom e r s w o r e for de ta ils o f ha r dwa r e . entrants; c h a fe s ,
' ,
, a r l d
BRIDGE SOFTWARE ISLO
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na l l ADV E NTURE SPECI ALI STS
C2: VOLCANI C DUNG E O N/ HANG MAN E 4 . 5 0
Al V O LCANI C DUNGEON: Rescue it you can the Elfin Princess. Mythical
monsters, pits, fiery caverns, diminishing strength and water make your
quest anything but easy.
FULL 18K PROGRAM * * SAVE GAME ROUTINE
* * SI NG LE KEY ENTRY *
'Volcanic Dungeon is terrific value and I would recommend it to
anyone''
M
r
s
Thomas Cornwall
BI HANG MAN: (Delux version of the classic game. Play against a n
opponent or the computer's 400 word vocabulary. Good graphics.
C3: ALI EN I NTRUDER/ HI EROGLYPHI CS M O O
A) ALI E N INTRUDER: You awaken to find you ere the only survivor on the
Explorer Class 3 Starship. Can you escape before you also fall victim to
the Alien monstrosity that devoured the crew? There are many ways to
end this adventure but only one way 10 survive!
FULL 16K PROGRAM * I NTE RACTI V E GRAPHICS
* * S AV E GAME ROUTINE * *
BI HEIROGLYPHICS: Decode the ancient 39 symbol alphabet in time to
save the famous explorer, M i l FULL
l i e 18K PROGRAM * * ANI MATE D GRAPHIC DISPLAY
* * RANDO M CODE *
M a t US
u rADV
e E NTURE / MO V I E MO G UL E 5 , 0 0
Crt: WUMP
m
Al Wf U MrP U So ADVENTURE
FOR 1 TO 4 PLAYERS. Seek the famous
creature in t h e m o st da nge rous W u M o u s h u n t e ve r, A l l t h e u su a l
a
features
s
a arenthere:d
SUPERBATS * P I TS * TREMO RS * S W AMP S * MAG I C ARROWS
y
PLUS Exciting new features EVIL GOBLINS that will try to sacrifice you
g
a
v
to the rWumpus.
SERPENTS * WUMPUS MUCK * M AG I C SPRINGS *
e * G I ANT
.
FULL 16K PROGRAM * * RANDO M Es PRESET CAVE PATTERNS
YOU CONTROL THE LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY * * G RE AT FUN
FOR YOU AND YOUR FRIENDS *
B) MO V I E MOGUL: Guide your film through the often hilarious traumas of
production. Use your budget wisely and you may make a fortune.
Success depends on many factors and not iust luck.
FULL 18K PROGRAM *
ORDERS: Plus 50p P&P or large S.A.E. for list to,-
CARNELL SOFTWARE
4 STAUNTON RO AD, SLOUGH, BEAKS. 5I -21NT
The abova are also available Porn BUFFER MICROSHOP. STREATHAM . LONDON
S1NCLAIRUSER l u l y 1982
B
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r. _ P a c K
RAM
. -.
h 1&2.- e
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1 5k
lilt
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Graph-plotter S Histogram n• Simon-spell • SktiLlit,uoid
Includes
TORTOI SE
A simplof led
version o f t he
fam ous T u r t
programme
le
CODED MI SSI LE
Combines the
fun o f a r c a de
games w i t h
hear ru n g
E4.95 only
p
a p
• Tunes-table • Sets
Series-quiz • KY coordinates
• Count • Equations • Areas • Guess a Voltam
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FUTURESOFT
PENSHURST E S TATE . P RI NCE O F WAL E S ROAD.
LONDON, N.W 6.
TRADER
It is hard enough to look at an amorphous
hydrosilicon blob from Psi, never mind swing a deal
with one. But when they ask to pick your brains, do
you really k now w ha t they have in m i n d . . . ?
*Trader' is a new concept in D031 games. it is a graphic
adventure so big that it fills your 16K Ram three times.
You are an intergalactic trader and the life is tough, the
bargaining hard. You can make a fortune or end up spaced
out in a Deltan hellhole.
"Trader'. 48K of adventure that will run in your 16K Ram.
It costs E10.50 inclusive. Send SAE for more details of
Pixel games.
PIXEL
Pixel Pr oducti ons 3 9 Ri pl ey Gdns. London SIN14 81F.
s
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banking lona then actually Thieve you lot ie J.*2 like the bank. Stereo/lipids ran
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PLEASE NOTE Du* software is at ins. VW, igne nt dui•SrIV and Wangs it, compare with
I t&. wary bow how. the Sinctair stable and even I
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*!Ogur case takes the ZX-81 printed board
*Keyboard
supplied fitted to case
h
. lo u r Ram Pack plugs into rear of case
*Y
*Assembled
4 yr
Keyboard and case price 06.00
*Keyboard
complete with ribbon cable & connectors
. I
* No
soldering required
( ll
*Large
keys are used with changeable keymarkers
*Keyboard
ready assembled price E24,00
i o
A
' N *Sinclair makes the best home computers
and we make the best keyboards*
.
H U E
ME N
i i •
Professional Grade Keyboard
and Case at Unbeatable prices
.
'Full pnont:v back guarantee if you are nal fully sat:sit
*Priers tnetude VAT•
*I6K
Ram
Pack
—
fully tested, ready built and in a case.
eel
Uses existing power supply. * S T A R BUY • E28.00
Ma i l Or der Addres s :
l
i
G O RDO N E LE CTRO NI CS
l
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a
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1.50Ple.P.
cheques pol o* to
76 Mountbatten Road, G O R D O N ELECTRONICS
Braintree, Essex CM7 6TP. Telephone403760260-18.
SINCLAIR USER l u l y 1982
50
SOUND with MC-81!
THE EXPLORER'S G UI DE
To The ZX81
The Book for the ZX81 Enthusiast.
MAKE AMAZING SOUND EFFECTS WITH
YOUR ZX-81
By Mik e Lord, 120 pages.
Programs fo r I K RA M, and programs for
16K RA M. Games, Business and Engineering
Applications. RAM Et I/0 Circuits. Useful
ROM Routines. Hints and Tips.
f4.95
£25.95 THE ZON X-81
ird PtirbiliVAr
Wh at Can I Do wi th 1K?
By Roger Valentine A freehand 0n9nài pook contairkng 40 programs and routines to
,me unexpended ZX81.
14 9/-
The ZX80 M agi c Bo o k
'Wit h BK RUM, ZA81 Suppierne,•t •
Mastering M achi ne Code on your ZX81
By To n i Baker 1 9 0 page, of i m
,
/ ve n se w a l k o e
ALL PRICES INCLUDE U .K. P b P ANC,
t
o
15% V A T W H E R E A P P L I C A B L E
b e g m n e
OVERSEAS CUSTOM ERS A D D E1
,
CARRIAGE PER ORDER
a
n
d
PAYMENT WI TH ORDER PL EASE
e
x
p
e
r
TIMEDATA
L I D De w S k e e k o w e d a l e Bataldon
t
Essex
5 5l1 5 5.IGi Te l: ioinsei
411125 /M ON FRB
a
k
e
f,
S
S
I
A
M
I
ENHANCE YOUR SINCLAIR ZX81
1
Video Inverter adds
professional touch
Displays sharp, white characters on solid black
background TV screen.
A toggle switch lets your choose between NORMAL
and REVERSE.
N
E
W
O
YP
Ein
5cl.)
ORDERNOW! (VA
TN
.PL
&
A small printed circuit board tits on top of the logic
chip inside your ZX81.
Comprehensive, easy to follow, step by step
instructions make the modification a simple task.
For convenience print your name and address on back
of your cheque or postal order and send to:
D. FRITSCH,
6 Stanton Road,
The/wall,
Warrington
WA4 2/-IS
SINCLAIR USER J u l y 19412
• T h e ZON X-81 SOUND UNIT is completely self-contained and
especially designed for use with the ZX-8I it Just plugs in no dismantling or soldering
• N o power pack, batteries leads or other extras
• M a n u a l Volume Control on panel a m p l e volume from built-in
loudspeaker
• S t a n d a rd 1X-81— 16K Rampack or printer con be plugged into
ZON X-8I Sound Unit without aftecting normal 2x-81 operation
• H u g e range ol possible Sounds for games or Music
Helicopters Sci-fi Space Invaders. Explosions Gun-shots
Plums Planes Lasers. Organs Belts tunes Chords etc c '
whatever you devise'
• U s e s 3-channel sound chip giving programme control of pitch
volume of tones and noise all with envelope control
• E a s ily odded to existing games or programmes using a few
simple eASiC lines
FULL instructions with many examples of how to obtoin effects and the
programmes. supplied Fully Guaranteed
ZX81 PERSONAL BANKING SYSTEM
with load/save datatiles at double speed
Load the program in the normal way — enter, amend or delete your
transactions (ZX81 will automatically scan standing order file and post
any items due)— save the file of data onto cassette in 45 seconds — load
a different clatafile into the same program, also in 45 seconds — enter
items, etc. — save datafile only onto cassette (45 seconds) — repeat
operation for any number of accounts.
Absolutely no need to save pmgrani, as all information is held in
datafiles. Very easy to use — unlike other bank accounts. Requires a
minimum of I6K RAM can use much more (no modification required).
On Demonstration at the next ZX Micro Fair.
The Personal Banking System also includes the following features:
Full page detailed Bank Account, dual display (or printout).
Automatic generation of standing orders on due dates.
Validation of all entries.
Correct any ite m previously entered. (Single/Multiple fi eld
correction.)
Enter an item (previously omitted) in the correct date order of the
account.
Single key operation. Utilises a M/C keyboard scan.
Search for any item or items by cheque number, description or
amount — display (and printout if required) with totals.
Continuous display of statement extract, continually updated
during i n p u t of entry.
File of standing order details can be displayed, printed, added to,.
cancelled and amended_
Detailed User Manual.
After sales maintenance.
Send E9.95 ($2O) incl. fo r cassette and users manual to J.P.
Gibbons A A R , 1 4 Avalon Road, Orpington. Ke n t 8 R6 9 AX,
England_ (Send large S.A.E. for details.)
There are only two suppliers of supported ZX81 software, this is
one of them, Be sure to include your name and address.
Co min g soon: Ba n k Reconciliation Module — a separate
program on cassette that utilises data supplied by
the main program (S.A.E. for full details).
The only expandable system for the ZX81
The Personal Banking System is also available from the Buffer
Shop, Streatham. London and Branches of the Computer Bookshop
Group, full maintenance still available.
51
Two of the leading figures in the development of the Spectrum,
Richard Altwasser and Steven Vickers, have cut their links
with Sinclair a n d set u p their own company
Secret plans laid
by new company
they had also been tempted by the Tiles, a software consultancy based
near Cambridge, which had written
money Clive Sinclair was making.
Mtwasser 25, gained a degree in the ROM working memory for the
engineering at Trinity College. Cam- ZX-81.
bridge and went to work for a microHis first job was the adaptation of
based a utom a tion c om pa ny i n 4K ZX-80 ROM to make an 8K ROM
Worcester but found the organisa- for the ZX-81. H e also wrote the
tion too limiting. After 113 months he manual for the ZJC-81 and went on to
left and joined Sinclair Research in write most of the ROM for the SpecSeptember. 1980.
trum, as well as assisting with the
He did some work on the develop- manual.
ment o f the ZX-81 a nd after its
Both say that they found working
launch in 1981 he was made res- for Sinclair very exciting — "proponsible f o r computer research, viding y o u c a n c ope w i t h t h e
which involved him in the design of pressure without having a heart
the hardware of the Spectrum.
attack." The main difference they
Altwasser has also been writing found between Sinclair Research
software for the ZX-81 and his 'Cam- and other companies in electronics
bridge Collection' has sold 30,000 was that "deadlines were very real
copies.
deadlines". Vickers says:
"There i s a de fi nition o f a
Before joining Sinclair he had a
little knowledge of computing, own- deadline: that it is the date before
ing a TRS-80 a nd having r un a which something should not be completed but that is not the case with
Sinclair."
Development of the Spectrum was
typical of the way in which Sinclair
Research works. A rough specification was worked-out with the main
requirements, inc luding c olour .
high-resolution graphics a n d im proved tape storage interface.
That was set last September with
now because their major project for course in teaching Basic.
a
final
deadline of the Earl's Court
the last nine months, the Spectrum,
Vickers' knowledge, however,
had ended and, like many other peo- was much less. "Two years ago I did Computer Show in April. By tha t
ple, they wanted to be their own not even know what a ROM was," he time the Spectrum had to be ready to
bosses.
says.
go into production, whic h meant
"We had plenty of freedom workVickers, 2 9 , wa s also a t Cam- that not only had a ll the development work to be done a t Sinclair
ing at Sinclair but at the end of the br idge , g a i n i n g a d e g r e e i n
day the company was r un by one mathematics a t K ing' s C olle ge
Research but also all the suppliers
man and if a decision needed to be before doing his PhD at Leeds. In
had to be chosen and the production
made, there was one man who took 1980, after writing to a number of lines at Timex had to be tooled-up.
That had to be done in conditions
that decision." Altwasser says.
computer companies, inc luding
He and Vickers add, jokingly, that Sinclair, for a job, he joined Nine
of great secrecy and very little inforthe development of the Z X
T
Spectrum have cut their links
W
with Sinclair Research t o set up
O own company.
their
ORichard Mtwasser, who designed
the
F hardware, and Steven Vickers,
who
t wrote the programs f or the
ROM
h working memory, have formed
Rainbow
Computing Co. Apart from
e
publishing a book of programs for
l Spectrum, the company plans
the
e a closely -guarded secret.
are
a"It is necessary for us to be very
d
cagey
and apart from the one thing
which
w e ha v e announced, w e
i
would
like to leave anything we are
n
doing
secret
until it is ready for
g
launching,"
says
Altwasser. H e
f
adds, however, that something will
i announced before the end of the
be
g
year.
uThey decided to make the move
r
e
s
i
n
'We had plenty of freedom working at
Sinclair but at the end of the day if a
decision needed to be made there was one
man who took that decision'
52
S
I
N
C
L
A
IR USER A d y I 982
Steven Vickers (left) ond I lic hard Alt was s er (right) in f ront of Trinit y College, Cambridge.
mation le a k e d- out a b o u t t h e
machine, although Altwasser says
he was surprised by how much was
known about it before the launch.
In the end, with many nights of
working late, the deadline was met
and the Spectrum launched on time.
Other benefits o f working f o r
Sinclair we r e tha t there wa s no
shortage of money for research and,
as it was a small company. it was
easy to obtain quick decisions on
new ideas and new ways of doing
things.
"When I we nt f or interview I
asked about money being available
if a piece of equipment was needed
and was told that a request was
never refused, but that they might
SNCLAI R USER ! l i l y 1982
advise a b o u t something w h i c h
would be better," say Mtwasser.
For t h e f ut ur e , Vic k e r s a n d
Altwasser say they are concerned
to prevent a Japanese invasion of
the British market. Their plans for
doing that, however, are to remain
secret.
Asked if their name denoted any
link with the Spectrum. Altwasser
replies that the only connection was
that it has been one of the suggestions for the ne w machine which
they had liked, so had decided to use
it.
One of their major concerns is
that they should be able to keep pace
with the latest developments in their
field.
"There will always be the fear
that something you have designed
will be out-of-date as soon as you
have finished it." he says.
They also think that the present
generation o f c om put e r t e c h nologists w i l l fi n d inc r e a s e d
pressure f r o m t oda y ' s s c hoolchildren. A lt wa s s e r s a y s t h a t
teenagers a r e now a ble to grasp
ideas with which he had difficulty
less than three years ago.
He adds that at the Earls Court
Computer F a i r h e s a w s om e
children w i t h leaflets a bout t he
Spectrum. A s a joke he decided
to a s k the m a bout i t a n d wa s
told e nthus ia s tic a lly a bout i t s
capabilities.
53
New lX81 Software
from Sinclair.
A whole new range of software for
the Sinclair ZX81 Personal Computer
is now available - direct from Sinclair.
Produced by ICL and Psion, these
really excellent cassettes cover
games, education, and business/
household management.
Some of the more elaborate programs can only be run on a ZX81
augmented by the ZX 16K RAM pack.
(The description of each cassette
makes it clear what hardware is
required.) The RAM pack provides 16times more memory in one complete
module, and simply plugs into the rear
of a z x el. And the price has just been
dramatically reduced to only E29.95.
The Sinclair ZX Printer offer full
alphanumencs and highly-sophisticated
graphics. A special feature is COPY
which prints out exactly what is on the
whole TV screen without the need for
further instructions. So now you can
print out your results for a permanent
record. The ZX Printer plugs into the
rear of your ZX81. and you can
connect a RAM pack as well,
Games
Cassette Gl: Super Programs 1 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81.
Price - E4.95.
Programs - Invasion from Jupiter.
Skittles. Magic Square. Doodle. Kim.
Liquid Capacity.
Description - Five games programs
plus easy conversion between pints/
gallons and litres.
Cassette G2: Super Programs 2 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81.
Price - E4,95,
Programs - Rings around Saturn.
Secret Code. Mindboggling. Silhouette.
Memory Test. Metric conversion.
Description - Five games plus easy
conversion between inches/feet/yards
and centimetres/metres.
Cassette G3: Super Programs 3 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81.
Price - E4 95.
Programs - Train Race Challenge.
Secret Message. Mind that Meteor.
Character Doodle. Currency Conversion.
Description - Fives games plus currency
conversion at will f o r example.
dollars to pounds.
Cassette G4: Super Programs 4 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81_
Price - E4.95.
Programs - Down Under. Submarines_
Doodling with Graphics. The Invisible
Invader. Reaction. Petrol.
Description - Five games plus easy
conversion between miles per gallon
and European fuel consumption figures.
Cassette G5: Super Programs 5 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM.
Price - E4.95.
Programs - Martian Knock Out.
Graffiti Find the Mate.
Labyrinth. Drop a Brick.
Continental.
Description - Five
games plus easy
conversion
between English and
continental dress sizes_
Cassette GB:
Super Programs 6 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81+ 16K RAM.
Price - E4.95.
Programs - Galactic Invasion, Journey
into Danger. Create. Nine Hole Golf.
Solitaire. Daylight Robbery.
Description - Six games making full use
of the ZX81's moving graphics capability.
Cassette G7: Super Programs 7 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81.
Pric e:- E4.95.
Programs - Racetrack. Chase NIM.
Tower of Hanoi. Docking the Spaceship.
Golf
Description - Six games including the
fascinating Tower ofHanoi problem.
Cassette G8: Super Programs 8 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81-1- 16K RAM.
Price - E4.95.
Programs - Star Trail (plus blank tape on
side 2).
Description - Can you, as Captain
Church of the UK spaceship Endeavour,
rid the galaxy of the Klingon menace?
Cassette G9: Biorhythms (ICL)
Hardware required Z X8 1 + 16K RAM,
Price - E6.95_
Programs - What are Biorhythms?
Your Biohythms.
Description - When will you be at your
peak (and trough) physically,
emotionally, and intellectually?
Cassette G10: Backgammon (Psion)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM.
Price - E5.95.
Programs - Backgammon. Dice_
Description - A great program, using
fast and effi cient machine code, with
graphics board, rolling dice, and doubling dice. The dice program can be
used for any dice game.
Cassette G11: Chess (Psion)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM.
Price - E6_95.
Programs - Chess. Chess Clock.
Description - Fast, effi cient machine
code, a graphic display of the board and
pieces, plus six levels of ability, combine
to make this one of the best chess programs available. The Chess Clock
program can be used at any time.
Cassette G12:
Fantasy Games (Psion)
Hardware required - ZX81 (or ZX80
with 8K BASIC ROM) + 16K RAM.
Price E 4 . 7 5 .
Programs - Perilous Swamp. Sorcerer's
Island_
Description - Perilous Swamp: rescue
a beautiful princess from the evil wizard.
Sorcerer's Island: you're marooned To
escape, you'll probably need the help
of the Grand Sorcerer.
Cassette G13:
Space Raiders and Bomber (Psion)
Hardware required - ZX81+ 16K RAM.
Price - E3.95.
Programs - Space Raiders. Bomber.
Description - Space Raiders is the ZX81
version of the popular pub game.
Bomber: destroy a city before you hit a
sky-scraper.
Cassette G14: Flight Simulation ( Pao )
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM,
Price - E 5.95.
Program - Flight Simulation (plus blank
tape on side 2).
Description - Simulates a highly
manoeuvrable light aircraft with full
controls, instrumentation, a view through
the cockpit window, and navigational
aids. Happy landings!
Education
Cassette El: Fun to Learn series English Literature 1 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM
Price - E6.95
Programs - Novelists Authors.
Description - Who wrote 'Robinson
Crusoe'? Which novelist do you
associate with Father Brown?
Cassette E2: Fun to Learn series English Literature 2 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81+ 16K RAM
Price - E6.95.
Programs - Poets, Playwrights. Modern
Authors.
Description - Who wrote 'Song of the
Shirt'? Which playwright also played
cricket for England?
I.
n)
Cassette 133: VU-CALC (Psion)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM.
Price - E7_95.
Program - V U
Description
- Turns your ZX81 into an
immensely
powerful
analysis chart.
CALC.
VU-CALC constructs, generates and
calculates large tables for applications
such as fi nancial analysis, budget
sheets, and projections. Complete with
full instructions.
—
.x•
Cassette E3: Fun to Learn
series - Geography 1 (ICL)
Haraware required - ZX81 +
16K RAM.
Price - E6.95.
Programs - Towns in England and
Wales. Countries and Capitals of Europe.
Description - The computer shows you
a map and a list of towns. You locate
the towns correctly. Or the computer
challenges you to name a pinpointed
location.
Cassette E4: Fun to Learn series History 1 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM.
Price - E6.95.
Programs - Events in British History.
British Monarchs.
Description - From 1066 to 1981, fi nd
out when important events occurred.
Recognise monarchs in an identity
parade.
Cassette ES: Fun to Learn series Mathematics 1 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM
Price - E6,95.
Programs - Addition/Subtraction.
Multiplication/Division.
Description - Questions and answers
on basic mathematics at different
levels of difficulty.
Cassette E6: Fun to Learn series Music 1 (ICL)
Hardware required Z X 8 1 + 16K RAM
Price - E6.95.
Programs - Composers. Musicians.
Description - Which instrument does
James Galway play? Who composed
'Peter Grimes'?
Cassette El: Fun to Learn series Inventions 1 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM
Price - E6.95_
Programs — Inventions before 1850.
Inventions since 1850.
Description - Who invented television?
What was the 'dangerous Lucifer'?
Cassette E8: Fun to Learn series Spelling 1 (1CL)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM.
Price E6 . 9 5 .
Programs -Series Al -A15. Series B1-B15.
Description - Listen to the word spoken
on your tape recorder, then spell it out
on your ZX81 300 words in total
suitable for 6-11year olds.
Business/household
Cassette 81 : The Collectors Pack (1CL)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM.
Price - E9.95_
Program - Collector's Pack, plus blank
tape or side 2 for program/datastorage.
Description - This comprehensive program should allow collectors (of stamps,
coins etc.) to hold up to 400 records of
up to 6 different items on one cassette.
Keep your records up to date and
sorted into order.
Cassette B2: The Club Record
Controller (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM_
Price - E9,95.
Program - Club Record Controller plus
blank tape on side 2 for program/data
storage.
Description - Enables clubs to hold
records of up to 100 members on one
cassette. Allows for names, addresses,
'phone numbers plus five lots of
additional information - eg type of
membership.
p
T
o
:
S
i
n
c
l
a
i
r
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
F
R
E
E
P
O
1
S
.T
Cassette B4: VU-ALE (Psion)
Hardware required - ZX81+ 16K RAM.
Price - E7.95.
Programs - VU-FILE. Examples.
Description - A general-purpose information storage and retrieval program
with emphasis on user-friendliness and
visual display. Use it to catalogue your
collection, maintain records or club
memberships, keep track of your
accounts, or as a telephone directory.
How to order
Simply use the FREEPOST order
form below and either enclose a
cheque or give us your credit card
number. Credit card holders can order
by phone - simply call Camberley
(0276) 66104 or 21282 during offi ce
hours. Either way, please allow up to
28 days for delivery, and there's a
14-day money-back option o f course.
ZX81
SOFTWARE
Sinclair Research Ltd,
Stanhope Road, Camberley. Surrey.
GU15 3PS_
Tel! Camberley (0276) 66104 & 21282
Please send me the items I have indicated below.
Ot
y
item
Code price Total
30 L4 95
GI: Super Programs I
31 E4 95
62: Super P r o m s 2
32 E4.95
63: Super PrNrams 3
33
04: Super Programs 4
34
G5: Super Programs 5
35
436. Super Programs 6
36
GT Super Programs 7
37
GB: Super PriNrams 8
38 E6 95
69: Biorhythms
39 £5.95
GIO: Elaciammon
40 £6.95
GII• Chess
41 £4.75
312. Fantasy Games
613 Space Raiders &Bomber 42 £3.95
43 £5.95
614 Flight Simulation
44 t.6 95
El. English Literature
Cassette
Oty Cassette
Code
E2 English literature 2
E3: Geojiraphy I
E4. History 1
E5 Mathematics 1
Ell Music I
E7 inventions 1
ES Spelling 1
81 : Collector's Pack
82; Dub Record Controller
133' VU-CALC
84 • VU-FILE
ZX 16K RAM pack
ZX Printer
45
445
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
18
27
Post & packing only if ordering hardware
1 Item
since Total
£695- ' —
L6 95
L6 95
£6.95
L6 95
C6 95
£695
t 9 95
L9 95
L7 95
L7 95
L29 95
L.59 95
E2.95
TOTAL it
I enclose a cheque/postal order to Sinclair Research Ltd for E
Please charge my •Access/Barclaycard/Trustcard no.
•Piease delete as applicable. 1 , I I I I I I I 1 j
[Mr/Mrs/Miss I
[Address I
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 [ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ 1 _ 1 1 1
Peripheral
difficulties
1
111
Andrew Hewson answers more of your
problems, including some worries about
the Spectrum and possible add-ons
Andrew liews on
of transferring da ta between
I RETURN
the
knotty
problem
programs to
but
first
I have
some
questions concerning peripherals.
Peter Mann of Bedfordshire writes:
I have been told that if I use my
existing hi-li cassette deck on the
new Spectrum, the computer would
blow up. Why should that be so? I
would m u c h r a t h e r u s e m y
expensive deck than have to try a
'cheap' portable tape recorder.
The Spectrum is a low-voltage
device designed t o de te c t a n d
decode t h e k i n d o f p o o r l y reproduced, low-v olta ge s igna l
levels obtainable from the earpiece
of a 'cheap* portable tape recorder.
In c ontr a s t, a h i - fi system i s
designed to deliver an accuratelyreproduced signal wit h sufficient
power t o fi ll a room with sound.
Large v olta ge fl uc tua tions a r e
normal from a hi-fi system, even at
low v o l u m e l e v e l s , a n d s o
connecting a Spectrum t o a hi-fi
system clearly risks over-loading
the computer.
To make the most of a Spectrum.
you need it on a large table or desk,
with T V , cassette player, books,
magazines, pe nc il a n d pa pe r t o
hand. I can understand that you do
not wish to spend money necessarily
on a portable cassette player but I
am sure you would find it much more
convenient to use.
Recently I have bought a ZX-81
for business use and am thinking of
buying a ZX printer. Is the printer
suitable for printing ready-gummed
Labels? a s k s J ohn M o d h a , o f
Greenford, Midlesex.
Unfortunately, the answer is no.
56
S
I
N
The ZX printer is capable only of
printing on the special aluminiumcoated paper supplied wit h it . I
suggest you look at advertisements,
as one or two firms supply a printer
interface which allows the ZX-Bt to
drive a conventional printer.
Alan Pitcher of Jersey says: lhave
just ordered a Spectrum. Can you
suggest a cassette unit to use with
it?
Sinc la ir h a s i m p r o v e d t h e
cassette facilities markedly in the
design of the Spectrum and so it is
hoped that we will all find it much
easier to use than the ZX-80 and
ZX-81 i n tha t respect. Instead of
recommending a cassette pla y e r
which might not be available in vour
writes: I would like to replace the
TV I use with my ZX-81 by a small
monitor t o obt a in be t t e r v ide o
resolution. Can you advise me?
I would not bother to use a video
monitor. I have seen various TVs
and monitors connected to ZX-Bis
and with some the picture is poor
and with others very good. It does
not seem to matter whether you use
a video monitor or not.
My preference is for one of the
Ferguson range of small black-and
white portables, which I find give a
very clear picture and which cope
well with the interruptions in the
signal c a u s e d b y t h e F A S T
command.
I shall probably be 1
ingictgod
area, I suggest that you choose a
shop which sells a variety of players
and take your computer, your TV
and a typical cassette a nd make
sure y ou c a n LOA D a n d SA VE
before you buy. I have done that and
found that shopkeepers are happy
to help, provided you ask permission
and explain the problem.
My advice t o Peter Stokes o f
Great Missenden i s similar. H e
letters advocating another make or
model and so I repeat the advice to
'try before you buy'.
Geoffrey Ottley is going to the
States fo r three years and he asks:
Will I be able to use my computer in
the U.S. without further adaptation
or will I need a new transformer?
Electricity is supplied in the U.K.
at 2 4 0 V, 5 0 cycles p e r second.
whereas in the U.S. the supply is at
C
L
A
I
R
USER July1982
glime
120V. 60 cycles per second. Hence a
U.S. power supply w i l l be needed
with an output of 9V DC and rated at
1.2 amps. It will also be necessary to
use a TV made for the British market
because U.K. TVs display 50 frames
per se co n d , w h e r e a s U .S . T V s
display 60 frames per second.
The U.S. version o f the ZX-81 i s
also rather better screened than the
U.K. v e r s i o n . s o i f y o u r n e w
neighbours c o m p l a i n o f i n t e r ference on their TV you will have to
put yo u r computer i n a n earthed
metal b o x . Perhaps i t w o u l d b e
easier to buy a new ZX-81 on your
arrival.
Now I return to a topic which has
aroused a good deal of interest since
I mentioned i t t w o mo n th s a g o .
Readers of the fi rst issue of Sinclair
User will remember that I described
two Basic routines for transferring
data f r o m a p r o g r a m , a b o v e
RAMTOP, loading a second p ro gram f r o m c a s s e tte a n d t h e n
transferring th e data b a ck to th e
rt Emr•
20
3e
se
0
70
e0
•
•
•
&i ' P 0 1 . 1 1 1 1 5 . - e
11, ,e 91i0-14
-PR - a
5120
130
T
-c7 0 ,
RAC
1.5
•
being o v e r - w r i t t e n , c o p y t h e
program a r e a a b o v e R A M TOP ;
LOAD th e d a ta fr o m ta p e i n th e
usual way; create some space in the
program area and copy the program
from above RAMTOP into the newlycreated space in the program area.
Obviously, to create some data to
LOAD into a program we must RUN
a previous program to read i n o r
calculate the data to be SAVE. The
earlier program could b e deleted
line by line but the process is rather
laborious, s o u se th i s technique
instead:
First note the line number of the
fi rst line of the program. Suppose it
is l i n e number 1 0 ; th e n fi n d th e
effective length o f the program by
entering PRINT PEEK 16396 + 256*
PEEK 16397 — 16513.
Suppose the result is 1859. Then
enter POKE 16511, 1859 — 256*
INT (1859/256); POKE 161512. IN T
(1959/256); 10 or whatever was the
fi rst line number.
Do n o t a t t e m p t t o L I S T t h e
fi
lti
6 so
NUM , . p
cR eP i , r g t
sI N .
F 6
e
6
- FTf fi ll
ri
132 '
) 0
m
T
O
.
-.- ,SeT - - 6 0 ' a ' f .
q 0
rr•
. c 0
•••• +cI 0 , c,.3.34
140
6
0
-.1
1
(
1
2
.
5
=-r
l o0
3
e
0 a r e sa xz
,0
0f e
variables
o
1
z
l
-,0p. . ,t hi e s e c o n d
p ro g ra m, t h uxs lr3e
.a n,tatb l i n g t w o
f
v
: another.
programs to 'speak'
to one
I p0
1
1 I would like
1
Les Auckland writes:
esC1. 4 l and LOAD
p SAVE
to know how to
1
tI- t
data only into a program
held in
-,o
core. Can you assist?
1
There are two methods.
The fi rst
1_
-is quick and elegant
9 and consists
essentially of writing
- new SAVE and
LOAD routines i n, machine code.
The second method i s sl o w a n d
A
clumsy but i t is easy to understand
and t h e n e ce ssa0ry s o ftw a r e i s
mostly in Basic, so!Pwill explain it as
the preferential method, The steps
o
in outline are:
SAVE the data ofl interest on tape;
to prevent the program in the ZX-81
t l
SI NCLAI R USER J ul y_1982
s t
t
1o
f-Pt
1%1A. ' 06 0i 1 T - 1 0 3 1 - 1
• c i • ; s1-114
z "
program b e tw e e n e n te r i n g t h e
instructions or you will have to pull
out the plug and start again. You are
making the Z X
whole
program is one monster Basic
line
and
if it attempts to LIST it all, i t
81
becomes confused. Entering 10, o r
t h i n k
whatever, deletes the monster line
tin the
h usual
a tway.
t Thehd a ta c a n th e n b e SAVEd,
etogether w i th the display fi l e and
other odds and ends, on tape.
The second step is to LOAD a new
p ro g ra m a n d s t o r e i t a b o v e
RAMTOP. Th e technique i s v e r y
similar t o s t o r i n g d a t a a b o v e
RAMTOP w h i ch I have explained
p re vi o u sl y. B e s u r e t o m o v e
RAMTOP down a s explained o n
5
page 168 o f Z.X-81 Basic Programming b e fo r e L OAD i n g t h e n e w
program. T h e fo l l o w i n g r o u ti n e
copies a program above RAMTOP:
10 LET j = PEEK 16396 + 256*PEEK
16397 — 17509
20 PRINT
30 LET K = PEEK 16388 + 256*PEEK
16389
40 FOR I 0 to j — 1
50 POKE K + I. PEEK (16509 + I)
60 NEXT I
The routine PRINTs the length of
the program. J. in bytes. You should
make a note of it because it will be
needed later.
The d a ta ca n th e n b e LOADed
from ta p e i n th e usual w a y. Th e
current program will, of course, be
over-written and so the fi nal step is
to c o p y i t b a c k f r o m a b o v e
RAMTOR A machine code routine
is needed f o r th a t step, because
space m u s t b e c r e a te d i n t h e
program area in which to store the
program using a routine in ROM.
The routine is 20 bytes long and I
suggest you store i t a t addresses
32748 t o 32767 b y entering a n d
RUNning the following routine:
10 for I = 32748 to 32767
20 INPUT M
30 POKE I. M
40 PRINT I, PEEK I
50 NEXT I
Enter the following numbers one
by one from the keyboard: 42, 12.64,
229, 43. 1. 0, 0, 197, 205.158. 9, 193,
20 You
209, 42, 4, 64. 237, 176, 201.
might l i k e t o determine h o w th e
routine w o rks b y translating th e
decimal n u m b e r s i n t o Z - 8 0
assembler using Appendix A of the
ZX-81 Basic Programming manual.
Before running the machine code
routine, POKE the program Iength.J.
into i t by entering
POKE 32754, 1 — 256*INT (J1256)
POKE 32755, INT (Ji256)
Then delete the Basic routine, put
the ZX-81 into FAST mode, and call
the m a c h i n e c o d e r o u t i n e b y
entering
IF USE 32748 = 0 THEN STOP.
Hewson Consultants 1962.
•Please address problems und queries to
Andrew Hewson. Helpline. Graham Close.
Biewbury, Oxfordshire.
7
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Professional 4 0 key keyboard
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TWO DIFFERENT VERSIONS OF THE POPULAR ARCADE GAM E 25C0 BALL SPEEDS
PLUS A CHOICE OF THE NUMBER OF BALLS IN PLAY M AST ER BREAKOUT AN D
THEN GRADUATE TO SUPERBREAKOUT
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12 /2 MAZEDRAGRACE 1 6 1 i 1
5
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• All legends and graphics in 2 colours
• No soldering to ZX81, lust plug in
• Proper typewriter keys
• RAM/Printer compatible.
Kit E19_95 Built E24.95 Case E10.20
Repeat key add on TBA.
Range of in/out ports, music boards. motherboards, D to A
converter boards write for catalogue.
23 Way double sided, gold female edge connector. wirewrap
type E2.95
Male connector E 1.25
Ribbon cable E1.40 per metre
Mastering Machine code book E5.50
Programming for real applications E6.50
Tape for real applications E11.25
HARRIS St LOCKYER ASSOCIATES
(Sole distributors for Redditch Electronics)
Dept SU P r i c e s included VAT + p + p
33 Pedmore Close O v e r s e a s add E1.80 postage
Woodrow South D e l i v e r y 3 days for in stock
Redditch i t e m s else allow 28 days.
Worcs.
O f fi
c i a l
orders welcome
Tel (0527) 24452 S e n d sae for free
catalogue
CHEQUE OR P 0 TO PSS, 112 OLIVER STREET C OVEN TR Y_ C V . SFE
ZX81 Software
Business Software 1 6 k & 32k
FOR S MALL BUSI NESSES AND THE SELF EMPLOYED
BUSINESS BANK ACCOUNT. This program enables you to
make debits under 11 sub headings. Statements include totals of all
sub headings.
P U R C H A S E LE DG E R. Keeps a complete record of all your
receipts under 11 sub headings. The program will calculate Et
deduct VAT.
S ALE S LE DG E R. For all your invoices. The program will
calculate VAT and list all outstanding invoices.
All the programs will except entries up to 199999.99 Et will enable
you to produce your accounts at the touch of a button. Programs
can also be used if you are not registered for VAT.
16K programs accept up to 225 entries: 1 8 . 7 5
32K programs accept up to 675 entries:110_76
Special Packs including all 3 programs: 16K 125; 32K 130.
V AT Et- PROFIT CALCULATOR: 1
.
3.50
Educational Software 1 6 k
S P E LLBO UND. Spellbound game for 1-4 players_ Program will
accept up to 600 words. Can also be used to test spelling. E4.75.
T R A N S F O R M LTD. For details send S.A.E. to
41 Keats Ho.. Porchester Mead, Beckenham, Kent
01 658 1661. Callers welcome.
561Pae
58
ZX HARDWARE
ZX Software
SCREEN KIT I M O R E POWERTOYOURSCREEN
in Basic programs
BORDERS- anysize •anywhereonscreen
I t tilt
SCROLL- inALLFOURdirections
4Kto6411
FILLSCREEN any graphic or character
ILIO III RCM
CLEARandREVERSEPARTOFSCREEN- any part
FLASHINGCURSOR- anywhereonscreen•simulatesINPUT
withDATAFILES
SAVEBASIC VAN IAB1 ES on casselle
LOAD bKh into ANT drogran
iB alDOUBLESPEED
andMEMORY LEFT
O M bytes otreacItime code ElvesIRSTANTAMOUSSCREEN RESPONSE
•Becomes part of your Basicprialtram
1
1
0
CanMadded tousling program
•H o need to toad separately
SUPERBVALUE E 5 : 7 0
+
P
a - M C M A C H I N E CODEDE-BLIGIMONITOR
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•rematne va r
•
16 m u t t * doomarudsIcr itICprogramming
y codeandSaturgentry
illComprehentrve
Ron1.De bugcommandsincluding * Occupies Vif ARAM in Basicarea
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&BREAKPOINTS • S o p o l v e d cecassetteman 36 M e MinUat
t &
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f o r LOAD.VERIFYATDOUBLESPEED from any part of RAM.
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code mimes operating
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SI NCLAI R USER J ul y 1982
s
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E7.50
REM-LOAD MACHINE CODEENTRYIDE-BUG
E6.95
.)
Philip Joy considers a game of chess
written for the 1K ZX-81 and finds it is
very restricted
Simple chess
limits moves
about Noughts and Crosses, I
T
have r e c e i v e d a l e t t e r
o
indicating th a t I made tw o stateD
ments
which contradict each other.
I " I f yo u h a ve e v e r played a
computer
version o f th e game, i t
S
tends
to
be
very easy to beat", was
P
the
fi
rst
comment.
E
That statement refers to a version
L
of the game which contains no skill
s all — just the rules to play the
at
o
game.
As you would agree, an unm
interesting
g a me w i t h l i ttl e s k i l l
demanded.
The second statement is:
e
c •'Gives you a chance to win now
and
o then, unlike many Noughts and
Crosses w h i ch a re w h i ch a re unn
beatable..
f
u
s
i
o
n
SI NCLAI R USER J u l y 1982
That one refers to what happens
i f you insert a large amount of skill
i t becomes u n b e a ta b l e a n d
boring. I f , however, you have th e
computer learn by your mistakes, as
the a rti cl e w a s suggesting, i t w i l l
become more diffi cult as you play.
That w i l l give players a chance to
win, p ro vi d i n g t h a t t h e p l a y e r
a l w a ys p l a y s t o h i s n o r m a l
standard.
I w a s a l s o s e n t a 1 K ch e ss
program in a neat package, w i th a
cassette inlay created on the ZX-81
printer, w i th the instructions on it.
The author is D Horne, Cowbridge,
East Sussex. I have asked fo r some
comments from two other people on
the game and I thank Ia n Benyon
and Leo Amatino for their help.
There a r e some restrictions o n
what th e game can do, because i t
had t o b e fi tte d i n to 1 K . 'Mo se
restrictions are no castling, no enpassant, and no pawn promote. The
comment on those restrictions was
that it spoiled the game. I shall stick
out my neck and say w h a t I have
always said — that the unexpanded
ZX
tive,
except be used to control something.
81
c I must also say that a fte r I have
seen
t h e game, m y m i n d i s n o t
a
changed. The game is satisfactory
nfor 1K but is nothing like what can
nbe achieved on the ZX-81.
o Amatino says he thinks i t plays
tthe same game, a n d both h e a n d
dBenyon say that it was a very short
game.
Horne says i t is the ultimate
o
for
the
atrue. 1K ZX-81: I suppose that is
n
y
5
t
It is neatly packaged and costs E5.
Amatino said that i t was not worth
the money. I would say that i f you
have a 1 K ZX-81, you could have
some enjoyment from this inexpensive game.
A Leicester reader sends details
on the Arti c Computing ZXchess II.
He includes a game which I shall try
to include i n a fu tu r e issue. H i s
comments are rather interesting, as
they support my point about the end
game. He says:
"The end game is less positive".
He says o f the save faci l i ty o f the
game: " T h e m o s t s i g n i fi c a n t
a d va n ta g e o f t h i s p a r t i c u l a r
program is the save facility".
A Cumbrian re a d e r has sent a
game played against Sargon 2.5 and
Zachess II. ZXchess won, He says
that o n e b a d m o v e b y Sa rg o n
clinched i t . T h a t i s interesting,
because I have a version of Sargon
on my Video Genie computer and I
have found i t be be o f reasonable
standard.
I shall include some of the many
games which have been sent to me
when I have played them and can
comment on them. One reader has
sent a letter saying that he did not
know c h e s s g a m e s w e r e i m plemented on such small computers;
he must be surprised.
I hope you can send me details of
anything to do w i th chess o r mind
games i n general. Some comments
on adventure games would be most
helpful, as that is my interest, and I
would like to know how other people
feel about them.
9
JRS SOFTWARE
HAVE YOU HEARD
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19 WAYSI DE AVENUE, W O RI NUNI , SUSSEX, O RM I O U
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Fec ildon to r an m ac hine c o d . and set br eak points
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An e se e n n at m t g e . is rse t i t S am t Nr D
The ZX81 Bleep provides feedback missing from
touch sensitive keyboards
Makes programming faster — more accurate
198 ZX81 characters bleep in fast and slow modes
Fits inside case — no trailing wires
Easy installation
Simple plug-in connections
N o soldering required (no risk of damaging ZX81)
Als o suits many full size keyboards
Illustrated instructions supplied_
An ' 4 5 5 * 4 5 1
•
1 0 . 0 . . . .
fi •
A D D A NE W DI M E NS I ON TO
YOUR KE Y BOARD
•
•-• •-••••••rp nilarir . 0 •
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ZX81
Sinclair
1 6 K
ZX8
1
now at
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1 Store!
TASWORD
•
WORD PROCESSING ON THE ZX811
Your D u n bec omes a word processor wit h TA S WO RD Ty pe ir,
letters, doc uments and pictures, s tore t hem on tape, and edit and
update existing doc uments . Wit h a printer, wh ic h is not essential,
you can print y our doc uments .
TASWORD FEATURES INCLUDE
• OVER 3 0 0 LINES of tex t in a tex t fi le.
• CURSOR CONTROL and auto repeat on all keys,
• SCROLL up and d o wn through the tex t fi le.
• A UTO MA TI C word-wrap and right-jus tifi c ation.
• FULL 2X131 c harac ter set inc luding inverse characters and
-
• INSERTION A ND DELETION of lines and characters,
• A HELP PAGE onto the screen at the touc h of a key.
• CENTRE tex t on the screen, and May a tex t lef t and right• REFORMING of edited tex t t o a neat lay out wit h a single
ke yst ro ke
TASWORD TUTOR
E6.50
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A
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Playing games with
machine code
examine h o w o u r s i m p l e
I machine
c ode r outine s c r oll
N
down can be used to good effect, to
T
produce
a game simulation. We will
H
examine how a supporting program
written
in Basic can call the USR
I
routine
to
maximum effect and how
S
the
F whole program can be built and
tested
stage b y stage. A logical
I
procedure to adopt at this stage is:
NDecide t h e ga m e appearance,
A
strategy
a nd rules. This must be
considered
L
in the context of scroll
down,
a
since we intend to use the
routine
we have developed.
r
Produce
a series of statements
t
concerning
the program fl ow a nd
i
operation.
For
a program as small
asc this, a full-blown boxed chart is
l
considered
unnecessary b y t h e
e
author.
wUsing the statements, build-up the
program
piece by piece, testing as
e
you proceed for the desired effect.
Soak test the entire program for
several hour s , b y le t t ing y o u r
fr ie nds , a c q u a i n t a n c e s a n d
children loose on it. If there are any
undiscovered bugs they will fi nd
them.
In the last of his three articles Mike
Biddell looks at ways of using machine
code in game simulation
of the game plot.
a comment and game re-start.
It is war-time and you are flying a
Add program t o advance t h e
transporter a i r c r a f t t o l a n d taxing speed of the aircraft as it
supplies behind enemy lines. As the proceeds. Fina lly , inc or por a te
runway approaches, you can see program line s t o signify a win;
that it is mined but it is too late at create a receding runway a nd a
that stage t o pull up, since your
airspeed i s t oo low. Y o u ha v e ,
Figure 2: VDU PI CTURE CREATED BY
MAI N PROGRAM LOOP
therefore, to land and taxi around
the mines to take off again and see
the runway recede.
If you hit a mine or go off the side
of the runway, the aircraft crashes.
It sounds exciting, so let us proceed
to t he statement portion o f our
development pla n a nd produce a
series of statements about how the
program might flow and operate.
Main program loop, using PRINT
AT function to produce the runway
element. C a ll USR t o scroll tha t
if *-Iiiiliatill0111
element downwards. Put the USR
call i n a loop a n d t ha t should ump outside this loop to comment on
produce a moving runway effect.
the win and allow game re-start.
Add the aircraft path by adding a
Now let us make a start with the
POKE statement into the loop. Allow main program loop. Delete lines 10,
the aircraft to be steered left and 20, 30 and 40 of the scroll down test
right by using inkey $ to modify the program and add lines 7. 10. 20 and
Figure I : MAI N PROGRAM LOOP
50 as shown in figure one. Line 7
prints the game title on line 20 of the
1 PEPS E R N ) ? m; F A Z T . 1 . 5 7 f c L E
screen; that is not scrolled, since
RR F R 5 T 5 G N U P R / N T : (
T
A
N
M
M
H
M
M
M
M
M
H
H
H
M
M
t
e
i
M
M
H
M
H
H
H
H
M
H
M
M
M
our routine scrolls only 1 9 lines.
IMMMMMMMMMMMMMMH MMMN MMPIMPIH MMMH MM
Lines 10, 2 0 a nd 5 0 produce the
F S * 4
MM
P
R
I
N
T
3 L ET T =15514
approaching runway effect — study
7 P R I N T A T 20•9;” *ANNAMMWM**
this three-line loop carefully.
1 0• • P R I N T A T 1 , 1 0 ; "
Then r un the program and you
28 01 1L E T A = U 5 R T
50 GOTO 1 0
should see, if all is well, the runway
approach. Press BREAK before the
POKE
address.
Scroll
down
should
runway reaches the bottom of the
I have always had in the back of
my m ind the thought tha t scroll create a p l o t o f t h e pr evious screen a nd you will have a VDU
picture similar t o tha t shown i n
down would produce a n excellent positions of the aircraft.
Within the loop. POKE the mines figure two. Our main program loop
moving roadway or airfield effect,
so we will build the game around on t o t h e r unwa y , i n v a r y ing incorporating t h e machine c ode
that idea. If you have other ideas for positions. Add the logic for a mine or works.
Now a dd the aircraft path and
applications of the routine, feel free verge collision. That should send the
to pursue them. Here is my concept program pointer outside the loop for some means of steering it. I have
62
S
ul y 1 9 8 2
I
N
C
L
A
I
R
USER J
Variable W i n line 5 defines the
chosen a n asterisk (*CHRS(23)) to
start
address of the display file and
represent the position of the craft at
variable
V i n l i n e 4 i s t h e d i sany time. Since we will be POKEing
the asterisk into the display file we placement to be added, to position
will have to locate it, as described the asterisk in the correct place on
previously, b y PEEKing s y s te m the screen.
The POKE statement in 40 places
variables 16396 a n d 16397 a n d
using those to define a variable W . the asterisk on the screen, directly
Then add the following lines to the below the runway. The value o f V
was determined by trial and error.
developing program:
The steering logic is in line 30. It
4 L ETV=4 1 1
uses
inkey $ to decode keys 5 and 8
5 LET W = PEEK 16396 + 256* PEEK
on the keyboard — the keys with the
16397
left and right arrows. That works on
30 LET V = V + (INKEY $ = "8 ")—
the basis that i f irikey $ = "8 ", then
(INKEY S = "5 ")
the whole expression inkey $ = " 8 "
40 POKE W + V, 23
Figure 3: " RUNWAY ' — COMPLETE PROGRAM LI STI NG
(Basic and Machi ne Code)
1 REH EERND)7
R R F° A S T 5 G N L P R I N T : 4
TAN HHHI v I HHmmHHHHHHHHHHMHHHHHHH
.H H H ,H H HFH H0H H5H H7H M H H H M H M H H H M H H H H H H H H
H
5M N
$ 4"
P
R
I
N
T
2 L E7T S =( 0
C
3 L E TLT = 1 6 5 1 4
4 LE T ) = 4 1 1
E
LET U=P E E K 1 5 3 9 6 4 - 2 5 6 * P E E K 1
6397
6 CL5
7 PRI NT AT 2 0 , 9 ; ” * Aa nnt l a n* * "
10 P R I N T A T 1 , 1 0 ; "
21 01 1L1E T R• = U S R T
21 L E T R = I N T (5, -10)
22 I F 5 - R* 1 0 = 9 OR 5 - R+ 1 0 = 6 OR
5
-/ 3 3 ) + 9 9 , 5 2
30 L E T U = V 4
A
* 3 5 I F P E E K ( U- I A. 1 ) =3 O R P E E K ( U +
E EY N$ G
= OTO 1 0 0
V ) =( 5I 2N KT H
1 40 POKE U4-V, 23
0 41 I F 5 - 1 0 0 THE N L E T V =1 .
6
= 41 2 I F 5 = I 5 0 T H E N L E T V = V - 3 3
4 -65
)
T
- USER J uly 1982
SINCLAIlt
H
( I N K E Y
E
43
44
45
50
100
is g i ve n th e va l u e 1 (true). Th a t
applies to inkey $ = " 5 " in the same
way. Th u s, i f inkey $ = "8 ", th a t
adds 1 to variable V and moves the
screen POKE one position t o th e
right; i f inkey $ = " 5 " i t is moved to
the left.
Then run the program with these
additions a n d yo u c a n ste e r th e
aircraft from left to right. Wi th its
controlling logic, you ca n steer i t
snywhere you like. including off the
runway.
We have covered items one and
Iwo o f th e m a i n p ro g ra m specification and I have been doing all the
work. It would be excellent practice
for you to add your own program
lines and complete the program; test
them carefully as you proceed.
For those who feel less inclined to
tackle th e task, a completed program — i t is only one solution — is
presented in figure three. Compare
the additional lines t o th e rough
program specification and you will
begin t o u n d e r s t a n d h o w i t
operates. To be frank, I have not yet
managed to get the aircraft back off
the runway. Is i t possible? Perhaps
with more practice I might make a
better pilot.
In c o n c l u s i o n , i f y o u h a v e
followed th e articles, you have a
mini-machine code loader a n d a n
understanding o f h o w t o w r i t e
simple m a c h i n e c o d e a n d i n corporate them in a Basic program.
It is not too soon to be thinking about
your next machine code challenge.
I F 5 = 2 0 0 THEN LET u = u - g s
I F 5 = 2 5 0 THE N GOTO 2 5 0
LE T 5 = 5 4 1
GOTO 1 0
P O KE W4-V, 61
110 P R I N T A T 2 1 , 0; - - -
A M A g N REPLAY Y / N ? "
4
1 2. 04 1
I N1P1U1T EY4$d R a n t a l l
1
3
0
I F Y $ = • Y " THE N RUN
t1 I4 A
0 GOTO 1 2 0
250 P RI NT A T 1 , 1 0 “
260 L E T U = V + ( I N K E y s = " 8 “ ) - fI NKEY
$ =
( -*
OR P E E K
270 I F PEEK (U4-V)=3
- ) =5 2 THE N GOTO 1 0 0
U
52 8 0 P O K E u - W , 2 3
- 290 L E T 5=54-1
3 0 0 I F 5 = 2 7 0 T H E N G O T O 41-00
310 LE T R=USR CT)
320 GOTO 2 5 0
RE
2 1 , 0 "
400 P RI NT A T
PLAY Y / N ? "
410 I NP UT X $
RUN
420 I F X $ =•
4
3
0
G
)
T
O
4
1
0
.
N'
T H E N
63
competition
Win a
printer and
a Memopak 64K
We thank readers for all the entries to our previous competitions.
No matter what the subject, it seems that readers of Sinclair User
have little difficulty in meeting the requirements. Many of the
tie-break lines are most ingenious.
For our fourth competition we again offer a printer but this time
couple it with a 64K Memopak from Memotech of Oxford.
In line with our policy of fitting the competition to the prize, we would
like you to write a program for 48K RAM. All entries must be on
cassette and accompanied by a typed or beautifully-handwritten
listing.
Your entry must reach us by July 12.
As a tie-break, should one be necessary, we want you to write a
slogan beginning with the words: "I bought my ZX-81 because
The usual rules about the editor's decision being final, and employees
of ECC Publications being ineligible, apply.
mo.I• v o w
aroma t o o
m 0 . sonin
▪ m oo 6 . 1 1 . 1 115.
Ny
••••
r
t"ENTICY 'FORM
▪
0 1 0 . inino W i n o INFO O O P mom
w o o
N o w a glo. W o n 0 0 0 S oul
sed as
........
....... . . . ••••• • . . . . . . • ...... •
Complete this slogan, which will be u
a
tie-brealc. I bought tn
V(-81 because. • • • • • • • . . .
•
..
Natne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
••••1
1 ikddress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a• •
It
Send sour entries to BCC publications, 30-31 Islington Green, LOnd011 1
1 8 1 3 1 to arrive not later than luls 12.
64
vow
,
••
••
•
•
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•
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SINCLAIR USER l u l y 1982
ok,r
ZX81 SOFTWARE
AL T ER N AT I VE P R O G R AM S 1 ! b i t )
FOR T H E M O R E D I SC ER N I N G EN T H U SI AST !
ca•85ETTE I
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FUTURESOFT
38 PENSHURST E S TATE . P RI NCE O F WAL E S ROAD,
LONDON, N W S.
TRADER
It is hard enough to look a t an amorphous
hydrosilicon blob from Psi, never mind swing a deal
with one. But when they ask to pick your brains, do
you really k now wha t they have in mind
' Trader i s a n e w c onc ept in ZX81 games . I t is a graphic
adventure so big that it fills your 16K Barn three times.
You are an intergalactic trader and the life is tough, the
bargaining hard. You can make a fortune or end up spaced
out in a Deltan hellhole.
'Trader'. 48K of adventure that will run in your 16K Ram.
It costs f 10.50 inclusive. Send SAE for more details of
Pixel games.
PIXEL
Pixel Pr oducti ons 3 9 Ri pl ey Gdns. London 5W14 81-IF.
SI NCLAI R USER i u l y 1982
Er'sEP) la 'V IF t a l l ! E
l
M
a
g
l ot
a
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Professional Grade Keyboard
and Case at Unbeatable prices
*O ur case takes the ZX-81 printed board
*Keyboard supplied fitted to case
*Your Ram Pack plugs into rear of case
*Assembled Keyboard and case price E36.00
*Keyboard complete with ribbon cable & connectors
* No soldering required
*Large keys are used with changeable keymarkers
*Keyboard ready assembled price E24.00
• Sinclair makes the best home computers
and we make the best keyboards*
'Fun money back guarrotle( iF you arc not fully sattsfeed
'hires twig& VAT*
*16K Ram Pack — fully tested, ready built and in a case
Uses existing power supply. alisTAR BUY - E28.00
Mail Order Address: P l e a s a m i t t 5 0 P&P
GORDON ELECTRONICS
M a k e E'NCOWtISayablehp
76 Mountbatten Road. G o R D a v E l y c r i e o m t • . c
Braintree, Essex CM7 6TP. Telephone I0376) 2 6 1 )
,
I M.
65
SPEC T R U M — ZX81
BUSINESS
GAMES
EDUCATI ONAL SOFTWAR E EXII, e75K.1
G.C .E. programs
Grammar plus 3 116k1 programs
0
Vocabulary
G.0
E " 0 " LEVEL M AT H S: I 116k1 leach
and
L Etest program plus 2 110k I programs ol
generated
quesimns Irom • '
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L
EDUCATI ONAL QU I Z . 4 1 1
sF General
y l l a Knowledge,
b u s
on
English
6 K! R p r o
g r a m Reasoning
s
and
All questions use RND function.
E Maths.
N
JUNIOR
EN GLI SH 1 18 13 years! M e a n.
C 1.
HMeanings 2 (Nader'. Peas of Speech,
wigs
Proverbs.
Simile s. Anagrams.
,
JUNIOR ENGLI SH 2: kliorns, Opposites 1,
3
Opposites
3 ha rde r/ Gro u p Terms, Od d
i
Word
Out, Spellings
E4
1 50 per cassette or send sae for catalogue
to,
R O SE C ASSETTES, 148 Widney Lane,
6obhull
S
W e s t M idta nds 1391 3 1 H
K
1
21011 D A T A B A N K I E K
Serious Progra ms from
SANDERSON SOFTWARE
• 3 programs on one tape
• Create your own &avow
• Vocabulary Keyword feature
• Add, Sort, Search, Delete
your own Databank
• Change Data hv Cursor Select
Many Se rous Use s Job? Work
Programming M u'Toole Inde xing
Disco, M usic Libra ry e t c
IS Owl. p & p a nd d o c u m e n ta ti o n
P 0 o r C he que s to
Sanderson. 1 M a nor Court.
Breaston, D ER BY DE 7 3 AW
A ST R O I N V A D E R S
116K)
••••
Z X8 0 4 X8 1
SOFTWAR E
• •••
ZX Adve nture Tape 1
M
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Greed., G u l c h P ha r a OhS T o m b , M a g n
M ounta in - 1 6 K R A M r e quir e d
The N owotnik Po ttle b
Other Drue ruoris
C
5
0
0
Three Or igin al pr ogr a m s to p
mturiater
u
I nclude s a f a st inte ra ctive
z z le
a game
n d 1 6 k R AM
demoldron
EXI ll Pocke t Book
E
5
95
35o9 o r progra ms. a rt icle s u se f u l
s ubr outine ." p l u s c r e a te V O ,
, dventures'
A
Atom Busine ss
C
5
95
Twelve progra ms f o r t h e est:tended
Acorn At o m - sa le s gra ph. nomina l
ledger Plus much more
ZX81 Pocke t Book Cassette t S 0 0
Atom Busine ss Cassette ( 8 6 2
Mail order Phipps Associa te s
Moe Order Dept F
99 East Street
Epsom Surre y k i t 7 1 EA
Phone Acce ss/ Ba rcla yca rd orders
Epsom 103727121 2 I 5
M ANSFIELD COM PUTERS Er
ELECTRONICS
79 Ra [coolie sa te
Mansfield
Notts NO 1 8 1 )8
Phone 106231 31202
Stockists of GENIE. ATOM . VIC 20,
1X81 Plu s large range ot software,
accessories b books
SPECIAL OFFER
M t PRINTER PAPER.
TOP QUALITY
5 rolls for only 110.95
VAT. plso
"EEBEE"
"AT LAST", a serious
mone y m a kin g p ro g ra m
with sel f check a n d tile
storage. 4K. COM.
"SAILING", l i ght winds,
currents, haz ards, adj ust
sails and rudder t o reach
har bour b e f o r e s t or m
breaks al ( 13.96.
66
For n r 8 l i S o e c t r u m .
Quality tapes, error tree.
Cheque, P.O. to "EEBEF
Wonstree Basildon
E 20 asses
S5131PG.
E
B
E
E
.
Superior ma chine code progra mmiriu
last a ct io n sp a ce gra phics, a r y . ,
drmension inZX-2 I va lue
• e xplosive on-screen kill effect
• high-scoring saucers
• 5 4 attacking aliens
• •fe de ra ting attack rate
• clestructahre defence shie lds
• Cd e fo rl u O u S S t o re an d h i g h • sco re
On ca sse t t e w ir t h f o u r B O N U S
games. A R C A D E G R A N D PR I X
(ma chine c o d e s k i l l , 4 l e v e l s i
PEN ALTY lge t re a dy for Spa in 1321.
GOLF b u d g e sh o t ste ngth. a n g le s.
bunkers a n d ma ybe hole I n one ('
plus fun SWAT
5 games on onecassette for only E3 6 5
ipear h e e l O r d e r n o w f ro m Jo h n
Prince, 2 9 B r o o k A v e n u e
leuenshuirne M a nche ste r M I 9
Z3181 SO F T WARE
DAT ABAS E
A rn at •nttot e t n • . n a
a, t T • lat O t an T d e e • • PWs'
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2X81 CO MP UTE R + 16K RAM in
superb condition, all yours for only
E100 o. n. o. P hone 01-462 1614
after 5pm.
7X81 1 6 K " RE NUMBE R" . Re number your pr ogr am lines, i ncluding GOTO's and GOSUB's, using thi s gener al pur pose uti l i ty
routine. Recor ded twice on hi gh
quality T D K A D C46 cassette.
0 . 5 0 all inclusive. M. R. Irving, 22
Wheatley Way, Chalfont St Peter,
Bucks SL9OJE,
AUTOCHEF As M D you must negotiate
for leases. decide on rrtenti prices, level 01
wages, a dve rtising e nd divide nds a nd
forecast le ve ls of inflation. I t you are nol
successful you wet be nsecie to resign!
AIRLINE You must decide on number of
aircraft to operate. kWh and fuel contracts,
whether t o buy to charier, a nd levels of
staffi ng and maintenance
P lease s pe c ify c om pute , whe n or de nity .
Each p r o g r a m m a k e s u s e o r
H I STOGR AM S and BAR C H AR TS and
uses 15K f 4 . /5 each or EB 00 fra two
C.C.S.
14 La ngton Wa y ,
London SE3 ITL
Tel 01-859 0763
ZUCKMAN
(16K)
The first ZX81 version
of Puckman
* A i l Machi ne — code
* Trail, Energy Posts etc.
* On-screen score, hi gh score
* Authenti c action
only (5.95 inc. P&P
Send cheque or P.O. to:
WANTE D 2X80/ 131, V i c e n d
A t o m book s . Half price for good
condition. S.a.e. for buying/ selling
lists, or books direct to: Allan Guy,
24 Woodsi de Dr i ve, CottingleY,
Bingley BD16 IRE.
ZX81 + 1 8 K R A M Si ne. Bui l t.
Adaptor, Manual , DKAI K R O M
-t- literature. Softwar e i ncl udi ng
C h e m Star tr ek and many more.
+ Prog . Book. C120 o.n .o. the lot.
v.g,c. Tel : Wok i ngha m 7132947
after 6pm.
ZX81 M E M O T E C H 48K Modul e
c/ w PSU. Cost (140 used once
only. Will accept E90 o.n.o. Phone
Newdigate STD (030677) 274 after
6pm,
ZX81 MI CRO - CO MP UTE R wi th
16K RAM and E20 worth of software on magnetic tape with manual
very good condition, hardly used.
E85 o. n. o. Tel : Barnsley (02261
42143 between 2.30pm to 8pm for
further information.
FOR SALE — ZX80 8K ROM 16K
RAM manuals. Marty pre-recorded
programs inc. Sinclair business/
ZX81 1K Sinclair built with large household, Chess, Labyrinth a l l
keyboard in case plus I/O port and perfect working order. Accept £120
various pr ogr a m s . E 8 0 . B o b o.n.o. Te l : Nor thampton 10604)
Wilcock, 41 Berwick Road, Wood (331078.
Green, London N22 (01) 889 3571.
ZX81 KI TS. Cur e Top Line Slant
QUALI TY 2)(81 SOFTWARE, 20 and Ra m P a c k Wobbl e £2. 95.
Superb I K Games (Inc. Machi ne Inverse Video Modul e 12,95. Built
£3.55. Re pe a t Ke y 13, 75. Bui l t
Code), ( 2 . 7 5 . 1 6 K Uti l i ti es i n
Machine Code, 0 . 2 5 , I K Utilities, E4.95, All Kits ex-stock. Please add
C2.25. 16K Machine Code Editor for 40p P P.
D. Looker, DJ I Software,
9 Tweed Close, Swindon, Wilts.
the Ser i ous M. C. user , £3. 50.
B.FIAO, 1 2 Par kstone Cl ose,
Bedford, Beds Te l
- 1 0 2 3 4 1
42X81
6 2CO4MP8UTE R, 1 6 K R A M
+
OS
pr ow, Gr aphi c Gener ator
,
and mother Board + E50 worth of
s of t ware, i n c , m i c inv aders ,
Wor th ov e r E220. wi l l sel l f or
£160. Co n t a c t B a n b u r y 5 4 8 9 6
(After 5pm).
ZX81 16K almost new, DK 512 Programmed graphic s + 5 1 2 us er
definable, KayDE keyboard. Books
basic + ma c h i n e c ode. Ta p e s
Games - I nv aders • Ches s et c .
Mac hine c o d e As s embler/ Dis emblers. Total value E250 + selling
E1713. Dave Noonan 01-272 5674
At l ast 2X81 PHEONI X i n 16K.
Expertly programmed a nd recorded. O n l y £3. 00. cheques/ PO
payable to A. R. Hill, 29 Trimdon
Ave., Ackl am, Mi ddl esbr ough,
Cleveland, I 5 5 8L.U.
ZX81 1 6 K A R C A D E G A M E S .
M/ C Mi s s i l e C o m m a n d a n d
Galaxians £4.95, M / C Asteroids +
Invaders E4. 95. M C Fal kl ands
Islands, action packed adventure at
E4.95, a l l o n cassette. Ma g n u m
computing, 3 Wensl ey Cl ose,
Harpenden, Herts.
ZX81 wi th 16K RAM. Al so many
programs E55. ZX80/ 81 40-key
Keyboar d e15. Both items in good
order. Phone Atherton 879413 after
5OrnFIVE ZX-81 gr aphi cs games —
Y AHTZE E , P O N T O O N ,
MOONLANDER, NI NE TY NI NE ,
BLASTOUT. Tape E4.00, Listings
£1.00 each. Many others available
including SOCCERFI LE. s. a. e.
details Adr i an Boone, 1 Chur ch
View, To b e r mo r e , Magheraf elt ,
Co. Derry.
"2)(81 MK USEABLE RAM. PIA,
EPROM. professional keyboar d
and case lino' 6 spare keys and
space bar ), Programs # Book s
value E30+ , Cost over E260. Sell
for 1200 o.n.o. Tel: (0642) 782719"
SI NCLAI R ZX81 wi th Keyboard
Bleeper, Sinclair 16K R A M pack
manual a n d t w o book s , a n d
assor ted m i c r o c o m p u t i n g
magazines £ 1 0 0 o. n. o. R i n g
Stevenage 721659, (Herts.I
2)(81 S T O R E / S O R T P R O G RAMME 1161(1. Store, sort and
order 100's of items of information
and amend as required. Tape and
instructions E4.95. J. Blackford, 63
Eltisley Avenue, Cambridge 3.
SI NCLAI R USER J ul y 1982
SUPER SOFTWARE
AVAILABLE FR OM
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
18K PACK 123
Pack 3 b 3 include all of
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
-must
A nbring
i m pianos
a t e dinto land. I NVADERS SELF PLAY; PHONE BOOK - ke e p
friends
r a d a r
pick
for you and those around you fore laugh. ADVENTURE ATLANTIC
smaycbe come
r e veery rich
n o r marooned fore ve r. BR EAKOU T . SQ U ASH :
-a y
no u
oLANGUAGE
t TRANSLATOR translates any European language to any other.
d
bCOMPUTAPUNT
u
s p re d ict horse ra ce s a nd footba ll pools wit h yo u 2 X .
INDISCO.
vide o roadracer. D R AU GH TS compote chequers, w it h kings
f e l
yBATTLESHIPS. nautical newel battle a t home M ASTER M I N D : brain teaser,
o n .
asee rt you
i
r beat
p a microelectros mind
can
. . e
oTHIS M
r ASSI
t VE PAC K OF SOFTWARE I S ONLY M OO
s
s
h
o
n
w
n
u
Y
m
o
b
u
e
r
s
oA brand new releese. Mrs package of adventures verthen in Basic and Machine
nCode are the best value and quality available Ju st compare them with others!
c1. GOLF • ogle or two players have a matchplay oft with haridicaps and Progress
aaround an 18 hole course which 6 superbly detailed with bunkers lakes. trees,
sbushes and greens W e think you we l agree this game has the best graphics
@wettable for the 2X81.
s
e2. DAM SEL IN DISTRESS: you are the knight in shining armour. your quest is
tto ride to a va st castle e nd rescue your princess a nd release he r from the
tclutches of an evil witch. You must rlotron up a spell to destroy the old witch
arid colle ct enough gold to bribe the guards A 're v Be witching Adventure
eprogram
C
O3. STOR M THE TOWER: a s the General of a medieval army you must dooloY
your arms and men so you can attack an enormous castle with a huge tower.
M
You must build armament% and prepare for the corre ct hour to attack but
Pbeware of rearguard action end consider intelligence reports with cruel
U
T
E
R
D
A
T
I
NNow installed in many businesses, Cr.11115 with PURCHASE. SALES LEDGER
Gfor 100 • entries per week, does daybook analysis, VAT roc a n d end., totals.
. password protection plus many more excellent features You * So gel a STOCK
CONTROL. MAIL LIST and PHONEBOOK Ea sy to use. designed for everyday
wsmall businesses Includes instruction book and tape (17.110 in cl. VAT .
hArid does the lob of systems costing hundreds of pounds
o
w
i
l
l
i
t
ZX ADVENTURE
NEW RELEASE
Trident (Acorn Atom)
I
Air Traffic Control (ZX81)
1
.
1
1
ZX AUTOCODER
Writing machine code?
1
•
•
•
•
1
1
E
.
1
1
Warlords (Vic 20)
1
Moroids (Vic)
Astro Battle Zone
(Acorn Atom)
•
1 0 0
ADVENTURES C8.00
ZX BUSINESS SYSTEM
Death Race 2000 (Vic 201
ore
Breakout (Vic 20)
Draughts (ZX131)
••r I r •
Maze of Death (ZX81)
Some love it, some hate it but AUTOCODER post gets on with it He lping you
produce mechine code programs PrOM BASI C Ea sy to use and ve ry helpful.
Converts PRINT, PRINTAT, I F THEN, GOT °, GOSUB, LET INKEYS. POKE,
PEEK. C LS. etc
ALL M OO I ncl.
OUR L o e ss n o t t E i , n . T
H I S virt u e
F R O
M
t-M a -itt•
E
Breakout (ZX81)
ZX ARCADE PACK
Machine Code Arcette Games for 16K RAM 2X81
Thew Ce le * . Machine Code games come together for 15 00 on one tape.
We guarantee these are the Best Value Et Best Quality you can gel
INCLUDES
UFO BOMBER, bombs. missiles. thrust up down two types ot ALIEN.
GALA XIA NS, incredible swooping and bombing enemy fighter
SPACE I NVADERS t i n doubt the be st ve rsion evettable se ve ra l Alie ns,
crumbling de te nte s . wa v e after wave oil ericrternent
PLUS M AN Y MORE ALL ON ONE TAPE FOR l5 00
• If this pack is not the best you've eve
•- ALSO
h e dAT GOOD
w e COMPUTER
w i l SHOPS.'
l
r e f u n d
y
o
u
r
1
5
.
0
0
Al prices incl. VAT A and O ro Ple a se send to
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY. 3 9 Glouce ste r Road. Ge e Cross,
Hyde C he shire SK1 4 5../G 1061 368 75681
1
0
E
.
_
El
E
.
F
, I enclose a Cheque/PO_ for the total
P
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I
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P O S T C O D E
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1
KA YDE Electronic Systems
ZX80/1
Z X K E Y B O A R D WITH
R E P E AT K E Y
l r Ay
Fully cased keyboard E 3 7 . 9 5
'oNi
Uncased keyboard
E 2 7 . 9 5
Keyboard Case
E 1 0 . 9 5
This , 4 h l y pr of. . . unal keyboard using executive buttons r o u n d on l op quality
computers. It has a repeat key and comes complete in its own luxury case. This is a genuine
orofessoonal keyboard and should not be confused with toy keyboards currently available on
'Ns market
KAYDE 1 6 K R A M PA C K S
he 16K RAMPACK simply plugs straight into the user port at the rear of your computer. It is fully corn...a tible with all accessories and needs no extra power and therefore it will run quite happily on your Sinclair
, •ower supply. It does not over-heat and will not lose memory wall. As you may know some makes go down
11K after being On for a while,
his 15K RAMPACK is very stable and will not wobble or m u
built
with
s e and
y otested
u
t oa complete
l o money
s e back Guarantee
y
o
u
r
r i r n o r a m m e •
I
Stops
mt ovem ent of RAM P ACK and other accessories
c
o
m
e
s
(Not
needed
with
a KAY
DE RAM P ACK)
f
u
l
l
,
KAYDE F L E X I B L E RIBBON CONNECTOR
KAYDE 4 K G R A P H I C S B O A R D
The KAYDE Graphics Board is probably our best accessory yet. It fits nearly inside your ZX81. It comes
omplete with a pre-programmed 2K Graphics ROM. This will give nearly 450 extra graphics and with there
nverse makes a total Of over nine hundred.
The KAYDE Graphics Board has facilities for either 2K or RAM Ifor user definable graphics) 4K of ROM or
•ur 4X Tool Kit Chips that will be available shortly. All the graphics are completely software controlled
•-rerefore they can be written into your programmes. Here are a few examples: A full set of space
invaders — Puckman — Bul ks, Bombs — Tanks — Laser Bases and Al i en Ships.
NO EXTRA POWER NEEDED
KAYDE 1 6 K GRAPHICS BOARD SOFTWARE
•••• only true ZX version of the popular arcade game
entipeoL. ' I n all I think this is the best presented moving grapr. p r o g r a m I s e e n " Phi,
interface.
Space Invaders: The best version available anywhere.
,
f
l
entepede
I
•1 t s
the best presented moving graphics program I've yet seen" Phil Garrott
nterface.
v
3D; 3D Labyrinth. A Cubit
Maze that has corridors which may go left, right, up, down.
1
Peckrnen t he latest addition
in 81 gamesl.
WHY WAI T TO PA Y, MORE
FAST I MMEDI ATE DELIVERY
Access
1
Post to:
7
,
Dept SU
F
Kayde Electronic
i Systems L td
The Con ye
r
I enclose
Great Yarmouthd
KAYDE 1
6K
8 1
S O
F T
W A
Norfolk NR30
RTel: 0493
E 57867 (Dept S W
VISA
D o n 't Forget you can always order
on the telephone with your credit card
All products include V A T are fully
built and tested and come with a
COMPLETE MONEY BACK GUARANTEE
'
1
1
1
1
Name
Address
Please add Et 50 PI P for all hardware and 5 , for all software
Please make cheques payable to Kayde Electronic Systems Ltd