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Title & Document Type: 423A and 8470A Crystal Detector Operating and
Service Manual
Manual Part Number: 00423-90001
Revision Date: July 1976
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OPERATING
AND
SERVICE
MANUAL
-
I
423A
8470A
CRYSTAL DETECTOR
HEWLETT~PACKARD
Plint.d: JUtY 191&
H.",len Packard Co. \910
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i\lodel ·123A/8470A
Page 2
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
2. This manual contains operating instructions for
the Hewlett-Packard Model ·123:\ and 8470:\ Crystal Detectors. Included ill the manual is the information required to install and test the crystal
detectors.
3. On the rear cover of this manual, below the
manual part number. is a "Microfiche", part nurnber, This number may be used to order a ·1 x 6·
inch microfilm transparency of the manual.
4. Specifications
5. Instrument specifications are listed in Table 1.
These specifications are the performance standards,
or limits against which the instrument may he tested.
6. Description
7. The Hewlett-Packard Modd ·12.1:\ and 8470A
Crystal Detectors are 50!! (nominal) device, designed for measurement use in coax ial systems. The
instruments convert IH' power levels applied to the
50\! input connector into proporr.ona: values of
de voltage. The instruments measure relative pow-r
up to 100 mW and have a BNC femai e connector
for the output jack which a!:ows the detected output to be eonrr-cted to a SWR meter. The output
voltage polarity is negative, unless Option 003 is
selected, The frequency range of the 423:\ is
10 i\lIIz to 12.4 Gllz. Tne 8·170:\'s frequency ranje
extends from 10 Mllz to 18 ellz.
9. The 423A and 8470A Crystal Detectors are
available with the following options (see Table 1
for further descnptions):
Option 001: Matched pair of detectors
Option 002:
Furnished with matched 10a,I reo
sister (liP 115'23Al for optimum
square law characteristics
Option 003: Positive polarity output
Furnished with stainless steel
Option 012:
type N male connectors (8470A
only).
Option 013:
Furnished with stainless steel
type N fem<lle connectors 18-170A
only).
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10. INSTALLATION
11. Initial Inspection
12. Inspect the shipping container for damage. If
the shipping container or cushioning material is
damaged, It should be kept until the contents of the
shipment have been checked for completeness and
the instrument has been checked mechanically and
electrically.
e
13. The procedures for checking electrical performance are given under PERFORMANCE TESTS. If
the contents are incomplete, if then' is mechanical
damage or defect. or if the instrument does not pass
the electrical performance test, not.Iy the nearest
Hewlett-Packard office. If the shipp"'"'''' "rid is
damaged. or the cushioning material ~l'",'.;, ·;gn~ of
stress. notify the carri-r as well as the HewlettPackard office. Keep the shipping materials for the
carrier's inspection. The liP office will arrange for
repair or replacement at liP', option without waiting for claim settlement.
14. Mating Connectors
15. Tile 8nOA (standard] RF input connector
must be an APC·7 type connector. The mating
RF input connectors used with the ·123A and
8·17CA Option 012 must be Type N female connertors which comply with U.S. military standard
:\IIL·C·39012. The mating RF input connector
used with the 8-nOA Option 013 must be Type N
male connector which complies with i\IIL-C·3!l012.
•
16. Operating Environment
17. The operating environment 01 the crystal detectors should be within the following lirnit.vtions:
8. Options
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b.
c.
Temperature: 0' to +55" C
Altitude: -, -1572 metres 115.000 feet]
fll,midi~,j.··", 95':;; relative.
18. STORAGE t'.NO SHIPMENT
19. Env;ronmer.l. Til, inst..urnent should be stored
ir, a clean, cl4'.)' environment. The following environmental limitations apply to both storage arod
shrprnent:
3_
b.
C'~
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Temperature: -20'C to +55'C
Altitude: <762" metres t25.000 Ieet )
Humidity: <95'i'f: relative.
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Page 4
20. Original Packaging. Containers and material>
identical to those used in factory packaging are
available through Hewlett-Packard offices. If the
instrument is being returned tc Hewlett-Packard
for servicing, attach a tag indicating the type of
service required, return address, model number,
and serial number. Also, mark the container f'RAG! LE to assure careful handling. :n any correspondence, refer to the instrument by model number and serial number.
21. OPERATION
I
CAUTION
I
Static discharge can damage the detector
element. A 100 pF ccpacitor (1.2 m{4
[t.] of coax cabld charged to 14 volts
stores 0.1 erg, the maxim11m pulse rating
of the deice lor element. Connect cables
ro '"H equipment and di..chargc the cenre. mductor before ,..:nnecling to the
degradation of rise time.
25. The power applied to the detector can be either
modulated or continuous wave ~CWi. If modulated
at a 10:)0 Hz rate, an SWR meter can be used as an
indicator. For CW detection. a dc milliammeter or
millivoltmeter can be used as the indicator.
•
26. Operator's Checks
27. Peak Power Measurement. The arrangement
of equipment for peak power measurement is shown
in Figure 1. The procedure involves calibration of
an oscilloscope which, in turn, is used to calibrate a
CW generator. The output of the calibrated CW
generator is measure with a power meter; the peak
power of a pulse is thereby measured. The procedur e is as follows:
a. Connect equipment as shown in Figure 1.
step a. Observe pulse on a de-coupled oscilloscope.
Using a marking pencil. mark en the graticule the
base-to-peak amplitude of the pulse envelop.'.
ietector.
DO NOT NEEDLESSL r llANDLE DE·
TECTOR ELEMEI"T USElllN CR YS·
TAL DETECTOR. Static electricity
which builds up on II person, especiallyon a cold dry day, m1l.t ne;:er be
atlouied 10 discharge thro1lgh the crystal detector. Avoid exposed leads 10 or
from the crystal detector, since these
are often touched accidentalty,
22. Operating Inlormation
23. The crystal cetector can be used as a demodulator to obtain a pulse envelope which can then he
observed on an oscilloscope. It can also be used as
a general purpose detector.
24. When wing the crystal detector with an oscilloscope, and the waveshapes to be observed have
rise limes of less than 5 J.lS, the coaxial cable cr .1,
necting oscilloscope and detector should be as
short as possible and shunted with a resistor. IdealIy, this resistor should be 50l! to terminate the
coaxial cable properly. However, wi~h 50l! resistance, the output video pulse may be too small to
drive some oscilloscopes. Therefore. the cable
should be shunted with the smallest value of resistance that will obtain suitable deflection on tile
oscilloscope; typically the value will lie between
5011 and 2 kn. The larger the resistance the more
b. Replace the pulse source with a CW generator. While observing t.he oscilloscope trace. adjust amplitude of CW generator output to make detector's output equal \0 that of pulse generator.
as indicated by markings on graticule (step a).
c. Leave CW generator at se tung obtained
in step b. Disconnect detector from CW generator.
STEP@
PULSE
SOuRCE
OSCILLOSCOPE
f.. 1i]l\"
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L'"
CR'1$TAL DE. rECTOR -rVERTICAl
STEp0
-0:
CONTINUOUS
wAVE
GENERATOR
powER METER
CONTINUOUS
W"'\iE
G::NERJ.TOR
THERMI$TOq MOUN_r_
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28. Rellectometer Application. For information
about rel1ectometer systems and measurements.
see flP Application Note Index, copies of which
are available upon request.
29. Harmonic Frequency Comparison Measurement Application. The detector "an be used as a
mixer in harrnonic-Irequency comparison measurements (see liP Application Note Index for further
information ).
30. PERFORMANCE TESTS
31. The following paragraphs suggest methods to
USe for testing detector specifications. For these
tests refer to the manuals of the equipment involved
for operating instructions.
32. Frequency Response Test
a. Using signal sources covering 10 Mill to
13 Glb with a 10 dB isolating attenuator and a
power meter, connect power sensor to attenuator,
Adjust RF power level to ·20 dBm input to power
sensor.
b.
nal
Without changing Rf' power level of sigdisconnect power sen"or.
SOlUTP,.
c. Connect detector to attenuator. ;\leasure
de voltag.. output from detector and record rneasurement.
d. Change frequency of signal source and reo
peat step; a through".
e. Since the detector follows a square-law
response at this power level, it; output is propertional to power (P d B = 10 log Vol. Total variation
of detector readings should meet specifications [see
Table 1) for all frequencies of ioterest across the
band.
NOTE
~llt~t:ip!e mismatch errors cmY~lld by ettenuator SWR, power meter SlrR. and deteclor SWR shouid bc tahen into aecount, us
well a.i the accuru(.'y of the uulicator WH'C
to fW?nJure- the- de't~ctor·s Otltpu~.
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Page 5
Model 423A/8410..\
Connect output of CW generator to power meter.
Measure adjusted levels (set in step b) of CW generator output. The peak power of the pulse en. rlope
observed in step a is equal to the output power of
the CW generator.
•
33. High level Sensitivity Test
a. Using si, nal sources covering 10 ;',lIIz to
18 Gllz and a de voltmeter or osci.ioscope as the
indicator, connect detector to signal source. Ad
just Rf' power lew I for a 100 mV detected output
from detector.
4
b.
Disconruct detector from signal source
-md measure RF output level. The Rf' output
level should be <;; 0.35 roW.
c. Repeat 5 .eps a and b for all frequencies
of interest across I he band.
34. low Level Ser<itivity Test
a. Using a ;.jgnal source (covering 100 MIl'l
to 1 Gllz), a 10 dB attenuator, and a power meter.
connect attenuator to signal source and power sensor to attenuator. Adjust R F power level for
'-20 dBm output from attenuator. Verify the ambient temperature.
b. Disconnect power sensor from attenuator
and connect detector. Measure dc voltage output
from detector. The output should be > ·1.0 m V
at 25" C. The sensitivity slope is typically
-0.01[; dBte from O"C to +55'C.
NOTE
Multiple mismatct: error:; caw;cd b~' attenualor SWR. power meier SWR, and delector SWR so ,ld be taker: into acco!Jnt. G•.,
uel! as u<.'cu,'acy vi indicator u.'ied to nlt'a:;!lre detector:~ outpu t.
35. Malch Test (SINR)
30. To verify the detector's SWR specifications,
use any system whose measurement accuracies for
SWR (residual SW/O are known.
37. ADJUSTMENTS
38_ The detectors have no internal adjustments.
:39. REPLACEABLE PARTS
-10. The succeeding paragraphs contain information pertaining to replaceable parts [see Table 2l
and the ordering of replaceable parts for the
;',lodels 423,\, 8·170'\. and 11523'\.
·11. To order a replacement part. address order or
inquiry to the nearest Hewlett-Packard office (see
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Page 6
ModeI4?3A/8470A
list in back of manual.) Include the following information for each part: model number, HewlettPackard part number, and description.
remove connector cap, use a pair of gas pliers with
plastic teeth or protect body with heavy paper or
tape.
42. SERVICE
b. Remove old detector element, capsule
spacer, and capacitive washer, and discard them.
43. The succeeding paragraphs give instructions
for repair of the Model 423A and 8470:\ Crystal
Detectors and the Option 002 Load Resistor,
;\lodeI11523A. Additional maietenance inforrnation can be obtained from the local Hewlett-Packard
office. Part numbers for replaceable parts ar-- given
in Table 2.
c. Install the new capaci the washer, capsule
spacer, and detector element. Install the washer
first, the spacer with its polyiron side against the
washer. Finally, install the detector element hy
inserting the resistive end into the center contact
inside the detector body.
44. Detector Element Replacement
45. The detector element assembly includes only
a detector element, unless an Option 002 is ordered,
then a replacement load resistor for the 11523:\ is
included. The resistor is to load the diode for squarelaw operation.
The special detector element (see Figure .1.\
contained in the detector ca" be damaged
in handling, removal. or installation if certain precautions are not taken. Then handling precautions which follow <hould be
read before performance of any operation
with the detector element when it is 0/<1
of either the housing or the detee/or elemenl shipping container.
a. Before installing diode into mount, touch
exposed metal on mount with your hand to discharge static electricit,'. Then insert diode into
mount.
b. When handing diode to another person,
touch hands first to ensure there is no difference in
static electricity potential between you.
c. Ohmmeters should not be used to measure Iorward- and back-resistance since it is easy to
damage these diodes. The difficulty arises because
of the ohmmeter's open-circuit V<'ltages and shortcircuit currents.
46. Replacing Detector Bement
47. Parts mentioned in the following procedure
are identified in Figure 4.
a. Remove connector cap from body. To
IVhen inserting tne detector element, do
not force the tip [resistive end} into the
center conductor in the body a.• th» [inger» of tae center conductor migh: be
damaged, if the detector element is not
centered.
d. Replace connector cap and TIGllTl'N
FIRMLY.
NOTE
fhe Option 002 Detector Element Assernbly includes a detector element and a resistor. The resistor is for use in the Model
11523A and must be installed to match it
to the detector.
48. Replacement of Load Resistor (11523A) Parts
-19. Parts mentioned in the following prccedure are
identified in Figures 2 and 3.
50. Replacing Male BNC Connector
a. Remove male BNC connector and lock
washer from housing. To remove BNC connector,
use a 3/8-inch open-end wrench and hold the housing either in a vise or with pliers. Before using the
vise or pliers, protect the housing of the 11523A
with material such as heavy paper or tape or use
plastic jaws on the vise or pliers.
b.
Unsolder resistor.
c.
Solder resistor to new BNC connector.
•
~!!!"el
423A/84?OA
Page 9
Table 2. Replaceable Parts, Models 423A, 8410A, and 11523A
Description
Stock No.
423A Assembly
Connector, Female BNC
Connector. Cap
Connector Assembly. Female BNC.
including contact assembly
Body AssemblY,123A
Includes the following:
Type N Male Connector Outer
Conductor
Type N Male Nut Rubber Gasket
T ipe N Nut Retaining Ring
Type N Male Nut
Type N Male Connector Bead
Type .. ~Iale Connector renter
Conductor
Body. Crystal Mount
125()-0251
5020-0210
00·123-600
00-123-601
1250-0011
8410A Assembly
00~23-202
423A Diode Replacement Assemblies'
00-123-802
00-123-803
00·123-800
00·123-801
00·123-605
Resistor,Tubular
Ring, RF Connector (Opt 012)
Connector. Female BNC
Connector, RF APe·N Female
(fJpt 013)
:ontaet, RF Connector Ferna'e
{Opl. 013)
Connector, RF APC-N ~1.le (Opt 012)
Contact, RF Connector ~Iale
(Opt 012)
Nut. RF Connector (Opt 012)
Washer, Lock, Internal
Contact, Spring
Cap, Connector
Insulator
Washer, Compression
Washer, Fiber
Body, Crystal Mount
Conductor. Center
5060-0236
5060-0237
1>710-0877
0727·1033
1250-0016
1250-0251
1250-091·1
1250-0915
1250-0916
1250-0917
1250-0f/18
2190-0016
5000-023·1
5020-0210
5010-0306
08-170-0001
08·170-0002
08-170-2000
08·170-2001
00-123-606
8410A Diode Replacement Assemblies'
00-123·603
0O-t23-60~
11523A Load Resisto' Assembly'
Connector, Male BNC
Connector, Female BNC
Spring. Contact
Housing
1250-0O-t5
1250-0251
5000-023-1
5020-3215
841M APC-7 Connector Assembly
Inner Conductor Contact Mechanism
(assemblied contact and outer body)
Coupling Sleeve
Inner Conductor Contact
Outer Conductor
Coupling Nut
SuPP'''' Bead
Stock No.
841M APC·1 Connecto: Assembly
(Cont'd)
Tools::
APC-7 Contact Extractor
APC·7 Spanner Wrench
Open-end W",nch
1250-0015
1250-0016
1250-0918
5020·0207
00cl23·201
Single Diode Negative Polarity
Single Diode Positive Polarity (Opt 003)
Single Diode Negative Polarity with
Matching Load Resistor (Opt 002)
Single Diode Positive Pclarity with
Matching Load Resistor
(Opt 002 and 003)
Matched Pair Diodes Negative Polarity
(Opt 001)
Matched Pair Diodes Positive Polarity
{Opt 001. 003)
Matched Pair Diodes with Load Res;,
tor Negative Poiarity (Opt 001. 002)
Matched Pair [',ode with Load Resistor Positive Polarity {Opt 001, 002.
anc 003)
Description
1259-0816
Single Diode Negative Polarity
Single Diode Positive Polarity (Opt 003)
Single Diode Negative Polarity with
Matching Load Resistor (Opt 002)
Single Diode Positive Polaruy with
~blching Load Resistor (Opt 002,003)
Marched Pair Diodes Negative Polarity
IOpt 001)
Matched Pair Diodes Positive Polarity
(Opt 001.003)
~Iatched Pair Diodes with Load Resistor Negative Polarity (Opt 001.002)
Matched Pail Diode with Load
Resistor PositivE" Polarity
(Opt 001.002, and 003/
1250-0820
1250-0907
125(/..1183
1250-1165
50-10-0306
1R.~f~r to 'f..btl!
I for d<!'lo:ription of OptiOn.1 •
•-Part 01 riP :\f,)dd 11591/. APC·7
Conn~.:tor 'foul Kit.
08·170-6001
08170·6002
08-170-6003
08·170-600~
08-170-6005
08·170-6006
08·170-6001
08·170·601l8
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Ttl. t5121 Gi-8:!41
'OR
us. A"US"'" LiSTlll),
OIMlad till lllQtQII. utllClt
fIUInl \tOlII .tlOWlI;a. ~flll'
:=..~~c..:r~~,
Il~noot
TlJ.f C<l<llpllli
llldll'Uft II' ~J.rf\IIIlaIo•
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I
O. PER A TIN G
NOT E
CRYSTAl
DETECTOR
••
423A
8470A
v
\ ,11
\
\
JULY 1972
'
HEWLETT'; PAckARD
•
,
CERTIFICATION
The Hewlett-Packard Company certifies that this instrument /t'as
thoroughly tested aTid inspected and found to meet its published
specifications when it /t'as s~d from the factory. The HewlettPackard Company further clfi1iJies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the U.S, National Bureau of Standards to
th$ extent aliOlced by the Bureau's calibration facility.
WARRANTY AND ASSISTANCE
,
All Hewlett-Packard products are warranted against defects in
materials and workmanship. This warranty applies for one year
frum the date of delivery, or, in the case of -sertain major components listed in the operating manual, for the specified period. We
will repair or replace products which prove to be defective during
the warranty period provided they are returned to HewlettPackard. No other warranty is expressed or implied. We are not
liable for Y6msequential damages.
Service contracts or customer assistance agreements are available
for Hewlett-Packard' products that require maintenance and repair on-site.
For any assistance, contact your nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales and
Service Office. Addresses are pruvided at the back») this manual.
,
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Page I
Model. 423A I/!4 70A
•
II
~;.
.
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Figure I
Model. 42:JA and 8470A Crystal Dett'rtors and Model I /52:J Load ResIStor
INTRODUCTION
The 423A and 8470A Crystal Detectors are
50-ohm (nominal) devices designed for measurement use in coaxial systems, They measure relative
power up to 100 mW, and ~ave a BNC output lack
to connect the detected qutput to a meter. such as
the 415E. Frequency range of the 423A is 10 Mllz
to 12.4 GHz. The 8470A has additional range up
to 18 GHz.
•
Output polarity of the Detectors is negative unless
the Option 003 version is purchased. Specifications
and Options are listed in Table I.
The optional Load Resistor, Model 11523A. is
mounted in a separate housing to permit easy.
conversion from optimum s.quare law to maximum
output. Each load is identifled by the serial
number of the Detector to which it IS matched. If
you have mar" than one Model 11523A. always be
sur" that the proper one is in US" for the Detector
you are using.
equivalent of four feet of ~l cable. charged to
14 volts stores 0.1 erg of energy which is the
maximum safe pulse rating of the detector. Be
certam that a cable IS connected to associated
equipment and discharged before connecting It to
crystal detector.
Handling Detector ElementDO NOT HANDLE DETECTOR ~:LEMENT USED
IN' CRYSTAL DETECTOR NEEDLESSLY. Static
electricity which build. up on a person, especially
on cold. dry day. must never be allowed to discharge through the Crystal Detector. Avoid exposed leads to or from the Crystal Detector, since
these are often touched accidentally. Refer to Derector Element Replacement for proper precautions.
GENERAL
The crystal Detector can be used as a demodulator
to obtain a pulse envelope which can then be
observed on an oscilloscope. It can also be used as
A general purpose detector.
PRECAUTIONS
Electrical Shock
DISCHARGE OF
STORED
ELECTRICAL
ENERGY
CAN
EASILY
DAMAGE
THE
CRYSTAL DETECTOR. A lOO-pF crapacuor, the
When usmg the Crystal Detector with an oscilloscope and the waves hapes to be observed have rise
times of less than 5/'..,c, the coaxial cable connecting oscilloscope and d"t~tor should b"fhOrl as
possible and sh unted with a resistor. I
ly, this
res istor should be 50 ohms to terminate , e coaxial
r
I':t~"
2
,
..
Frequency Range:
Connector"
~23A
4:,tl" 10 ~1I1z to 124 GHl
8·nOA
\0 MHz 10 18 (;H/. (Below I GHz. IIF may
leak through the video output connecter. It can be
ehmmated. if objectionable. with suitable low pass
Illter
j
Frequency Response:'
~23A
'02 dB.''''·I"e 10 Mllz 10 8 l;lIz. ' 0.5 dB
overall
1l-170A '02 dB,,,,·lav.' 10 Mllz 10 8lalz. , 05 dB 10
12.4 (1Hz. ' 1.0 dB overall
Option 001: Matched pair. Frequency response
characteristics {exclusive of bask sensitivity) l(uk
within t 0.2 dB per octave (rom 10 MHz to 8
l;Hz, , 0.3 dB hum 8to 12.4 Gllz.
Oplion 002: Furnished wllh matched load reststor
(11523AI Ior optimum square law characteristics
al 24"C 175"Fl,' < 1 0.5 dB variaUp" (rom square
raw over a fanlle or at least 30 ~B up to 50 m V
peak output worklllll Into an external load> 75k
ohm s. s<>nsillvily Iypically < 0.1 mYI~W when
load resistor Is used. Overall 'elllllh 4·1/2 in. 1144
Maximum Power: 100 mW, peak or avt"r~t"
mm}.
Sensitivity at 25"c,
IIIKh Level. <, 0.35 mW produc-es100 mv output
Low Level: > 0.4 mYdcl~W CW
Output decreases with Increasing temperature.
Typically 0.015 aa.: C Imm 0 C 10 55 C
Option 003: Positive polarity OUlpul.
Impedance: 50 ohms.
Reflectibn Coefficient:
423A and II·nOA 10 MHz 10 45 GHz, 0.091 112
SWRj. 4.5 GHz 10 7.0 GH a. 0.151135 SWRI. 7.0 GHz
10 12.4 GHz, 0.2 11.5 SWRI
1l-470A: 12.4 GHz In 18.0 GH., 0.2611.7 SWRI.
Output Impedance:
< 15k!! shunted hy 10 pf
8470A
Oplion 00 I: Malched pair. ~requency response
l'haracleristics [exclusive or baste liensUlvlLyt tral'lf.
wllhln , 0.2 dB per octave (rom 10 MHz to 8
GHz, , 0.3 dB (rom 810 12.4 GH., , 0.6 dB (rom
12.4 10 18 GHz.
Opllon 002: Furnished with malched load resistor
11t523A1 (or opllmum aquare law characlerislica
al 24"C 175"F),' < , 0.5 dB varlallon (rom square
law over a rll1lle or al leUt 30 dB up to GO,mY
peak output wprklllll Into an e.lernal Ipad
<75kll. SenaillYlLy Iyplcally > 0.1 mYf~W when
load ",aistor Is used. Overall lellllth 4· 1/2 In. (\44
mm r.
Detector Element: Supplied. 1Rerer 10 Table 2 (or ...placemenl U5Pmblles.)
Option 003: Positiyo polarlly output.
Output Polarity: NeKative I Re(er 10. oplions tor posilive
polarily unll•. )
Opllon 012: Fornlahed with
male connector
Noi.. : <200 ~Y p.p. wllh CW applied to produce 100
mVdc output.
Opllon 013: FIlmlshed 1rI1h stalnlesa sleel type N
remale connector.
SlaJni~Sleel type N
.
,
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Pag" 3
cuhle properly However: with 50 ohms resistance.
possibly the output video pulse may he too small
to drive some oscilloscopes. Therefore, the cable
should be shunted With the smallest value of
n -sistanc-e that will obtain suitable deflectiou on
the oscilloscope: typically the value will lie be-
tween 50 and 2k ohms. The larger the resistance
the mono degradation of rise lime.
The power applied to the Detector can be either
modulated or continuous wave leW). If modulated
at a 1000-.·ps rate, the sensitive HI' Model 415B/E
-ean he used as the indi ca tor. For ew detection. a
de milhumrneter or millivoltmeter such as the HI'
Model 425A Microvolt-Ammeter can be used as the
mdicator
c. Replace the pulse source with a CW generator (step 21. While observing the oscillos..ope
tra ce, adjust amplitude of CW generator output to
make crystal output equal to that of pulse generator as indicated by markings on graucule (step b).
d.
While performing the next step, leave CW
generator at setting obtained in step c. Disconnect
Detector from CW generator. Connect output of
ew generator to a thermistor and power meter.
Measure adjusted level (step c) of ew generator
output.
t
e. The peak power of the pulse envelope
observed in step b IS equal to the output power of
the CW generator.
Peak Power Measurement
Refleetometer Application
The arrangement of equipment for peak power
measurement is shown in Pigure 2. The procedure
Involves calibration of an oscilloscope which in
tllrn 15 used to ca librate a CW generator. The
output of the calibrated CW generator is measured
with a power meter; the peak power of a pulse IS
thereby measured, The procedure 15 as follows:
For informatjbn about reOedorneter systems and
meesurements, set' HI' Application Notes 54 and
61 and Hewlett-Packard Journal Vol. 12. No.4.
December 1960 ...opies of which are available upon
request.
a.
Connect equipment as shown in Figure 2.
step I .
h. Observe pul se, on a de ...- oupled oscilloscope. Using a marking pencil. mark on the graticule the base-to-peak amplitude of the pulse
envelope.
Model. 423A 8470A
STEP
I
"OOEL
I'DC OSC'LLOSCOPE
PULSE
SOURCE
STEP
••
2
CONT'NUOUS
WAvE
GENERATOR
"OOEL
"DC OSCILLOSCOPE
••
425A
"ODEL 8470A
CRYSTAL DET!CTOR
STEP
CONTINUOUS
WAVE
GENERATOR
4111 11
MODEL 84,788
THERMiSTOR MOUNT
The Detector can be used as a mixer in harmoni c ·
trequenc y comparison measurements.
REPLACEMENT OF PARTS
Succeeding paragraphs give instructions for repair
of the Detector. and the Option jl02 Load
Resistor. Model 11523A. Additional maintenance
information can be obtained from your local
Hewlett-Packard field office. Stock numbers for
replaceable parts are given in Table 2. •
The detector element assembly includes a detector
element. an Option 002 load resistor for the
11523A. c..paciuve washer and a ca psu1e spacer.
The resistor is to load the diode for squar....law
\ operation. the capacitive washer is to match the
diode for VSWR. while the capsule spacer is mainly
for Oatness of se nsitivity. All should be replaced as
a unit when the diode is replaced.
Detector Element Replacement
WARNING
MODEL H't
POW£R METER
J
HARMONIC FREOUENCV-COMPARISON
MEASUREMENTS
1'-'-~0
•
Figure 2. Peak Power Meaourement.
•
The special detector element (See Figure
31 contained in the Detector c.. n be
damaged in handiiN. removal, or installation if certain precautions are not taken.
The handling precautions which follow
should be read before performance of any
operation with the detector elemen~hen
it is out of either the housing or the
dele<ll:0r element shipping container.
~
__
.. ._ ..
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~Iudels
Detector Element Handhl1\l Precautoons
11
Then Insert detector
h
When handing crystul 10 another person,
touch hands first lo ensure tt""rt> IS IlO lhrrPfl'nt't' III
statu- t~It't'lrtl'lly pou-nual bet ween you
d
Replao- cunm-ctor cap and
I
TI(OIlT~:N
I
rlR~ILY
~
c
Ohmmeters
shuuld
NOT
"t
,.
,
he used to
rm-asurv forward. and buck-rvsrstamv
\
NOTE
u IS
",lln'r easy to damage these diodes (Th., dlffll"ulty
ari~'s because of the ohmmeter open-ctrvurt volt
Uj«(~ and shortcm-utt currents. It IS easy for lht'st'
currents or voltages 10 damage lht' d lOUt' ,
)
.
Wh('n lIlSt'flllll( lht> detector element , do
not foft'.. the lip rresrst iv« end I uuo th«
center conductor III the body as the
flllj,(t'rs of th(' ('('nll'f conductor might 1)('
damaged. H the deu-ct or t·l.. rm-ut IS not
rvntered
touch exposed metal 'on mount wuh your hand to
t~It'1'lrJnly
,
CAUTION
Bpfon' II1staJhnfJ: detec-tor mto mount.
dl.sch-alJ((' statnII1lo mount. ,
12;1.-\ K47IJA
SlOt"('
~
The Option 002 Detector Element Assem
hly includes a d.. teeter .. I.. mont and a
rvsrstor The resistor 16 for use III lht~
~Iudd 11523A and must be instulled to
match u to the Det...-tor
Replacing Detector Element
Parts mentioned m the following procedure anId"nllfi,'<l- In ~'igure 3.
Replacing Output BNC Connector
a
Remove conrn.....'lor cap from body To
remove connector cap, use a pair uf gas pht'rs with
plasnr 1ee th or protect hody with heavy paper or
tap«.
Tools Required.
u.
b.
h
Remove \.lId dr-u-ctor ('Ipmpnl, capsule
sllaltt'r, and eupacuive washer, and drsrurd them
l'
N\>t:"dlt>-poml solderrng iron
WI'" cutu-rs
Plat nit·. # 4
d
Tweezers
. Procedure. Parls rm-nnoned
r
v.
Install the new t'upacll1vt' washer. r-apsuh-
....
spacer, and detector element. Install Ih. washer
firsl, the spacer with Its polyirnn s,d.· against the
washer. Finally, rnstall Ih.· deu-rtor elt'menl b y
inserting the resistive end mto the center contact
Inside the Detector body.
a
the (ollowmg pro-
III
('fflll!l' art' Idt'nllfH'd III "'ij,(ur~
a and ·t
Rernove H:-.1t' conm-rt cr and lock wusher
......,
Unsoldvr contac-t sprmg soldered to ('('nll'!"
h
.-oudut-tor h-ad
tr c
• Of
'CIA
(IUI(,,'
:.
t
,
CQH1A( ,
..
I
ASSl.M81f
,
COH"'(( 'OA
CA""'-"-f·
51'",,(1111
C ..
p"" ,,"( •
""S"("
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,,'U '0'
1 .. ,.".
.,~
.I .... -.;t
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1'0<;0_-'
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Page 5
CONTACT
SPRING
--C'K
<;:9
....
r
CONTACT SPRING
R[ SIS TOR
-,
1/ '2"
/
LOCI( wASH[R
t
••
LOCK WA5t-€R
1III
,.)
MALE BNC
FEMALE eNC
SOLDER THESE
POINTS
Figure 5 Model 1/523A Load
Resistor, Cutaway View
Figur« 4 Cutting Crnler Condu<'lur Leod
10 Accommodale Conlact Sprrng
t 1) Cut center conductor lead to approxirnately 1/32 ineh (see Figure 4).
e.
Replace (oc'kwal;l\er and male BNC.
Replacing Female Connector
(2) With
nat file, smooth end of lead,
Wipe off burt with tweezers or similar
metal instrument.
c
Slip con Lad spring over
h-ad. and solder.
l~nt... r
B.
Remove BNC conne-..tor. To remove or
install BNC, use a BNC wrench or use a male BNC'
connector as a wrvnch.
conductor
CAUTION
b.
Unsolder contact spring.
r,
Prepare replacement BNC connector:
Use solder spanngly or It will creep ba"k
on sPlIll~. Solder on spnng destroys Its
usefulness. and solder is difficult to
remove from spnng.
d. Let spring cool. and then n-plarv lock
washer and connector In connector cup.
Replacement of 11523A Parts
Parts mentioned 111 the following procedure art"
idenufied In Figures.4 and 5. Tools required are
listed m Replacing Output BNC Connector, Tools
Requrred ,
Replacing Male BNC Connector.
(II Cut center conductor lead to approxI rna u-l y. 1132 'll'h
'
(21 With nat file. smooth end of lead.
wipe off hurr with tweezers or SImilar
metal instrument.
d Sltp contact spring over center conductor
lead. and solder.
CAUTION
Uso: solder sparingly or It WIll creep back
on spring. Solder on spnng destroys Its
useful ness and is di Ificult to remove.
e.
Let contact spring cool
connector int.o mount.
a.
Remove male BNC connector and lock
washer from housing. To remove BNC. use a
3/1l·lnch openend wrench and hold thr housing
either in a VIse or with gas pliers. Before putting
pliers on, protect the housing of the 11523A with
material such as heavy paper.
h.
Unsolder resistor
c.
Solder resistor to new BNC.
d. Let resistor cool and then check resistance
from male BNC pin through resistor; resistance
measured should be t 10% that indicuted by the
coding.
a~d
then
SlT"W
REPLACEABLE PARTS
This sect~n contains information pertaining to
replaceable parts , ..... Table 2) and the ordering of
these parts ior tbe Models 423A, 8470A, and
11523A.
•
To order a replacement part, address order or
inquiry to your local Hewlett-Packard ficld of Eke
(..... list at rear of this Noll').
Specify the following information for each part.
a. Model number
b. Hewlett-Packard stock number
c. , Description of part.
-
•
- - - --
.
..- .. -.--
"
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•
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,
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.-
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Page 6
Model.
~ 23A18~ 70A
Table 2. Replaceable Parts, Models 423A. 8470A,and 1/523A
Description
Connector. mal. ONe (or II
Stock No.
~23A
12f>()·004 ~
Connector. (.mal. ONC
1250-02~
Connector A_mbly. female ONC.
includllll contact ....mbly
00423·600
Connector. Cap
5020-0210
Hou.. ng (or
5020-3215
11~23A
I
MalchPd pal ... o( elements with'"
malchllllioad I'P5Islor (Oplion 002):
Neplive polUity
Posilive polarity (Oplion 003)
Stock No.
\
00423-603
00423·604
8470Ao.Diode Replecement Assemblies
11523A wllhoull'P5l111or, includPs
",rial pial. lo be attached 10 423A
11523·6q0
Body Asspmbly. 423A or 8470A
Includes the (ollowln1!:
Type N Mal. NUl
Type N NUl R.lainlll8 Ring
Type N Mal. Nul Rubber Gaslt.l
Body, Cryslal Mounl
TypeN
Description
Single Detector ASEmbly:
Nepllve Polarity
Ppsili.e PolUily (Oplion 003)
.
08470·6001
08470·6002
.
00423·601
ilPgle Detector A...mbly with mat'tlng
load resistor (Opllon 002):
Negative Polarity
Posillve Polarity (Option 003)
08470·6003
08470·6004
12110-0918
1250-0016
MalchPd Pal... o( ....mblles (Oplion 00 I):
Negative Polarity
Postlive PolUity (Oplion 003)
08470·6006
MatchPd pal... of ....mblles with load
I'P5Islo... (Oplion 002):
Negalive Polarity
Positive Polarity (Oplion 003)
08470-6007
08470·6008
APe·7 Connector Assembly
1250-0909
Inner conductor cantlcl
1250-0907
1250-0816
08470·600~
12~0-0015
00423·202
Male Connector Center Conductor
00423·201
TypeN
Male Connector Outer Conductor
Type N Male Conneclor O..d
1250-0014
5020-0207
42311' Diode RepllCement Assemblies'
Inner conductorcontact mechanism
Single detector ....mbly:
Negalive polarlly
Posllive polarily jOplion 003)
00423·802
00423·803
Single detector .......bly wlth malchllll
load I'P5Islor (Option 002):
Negalive polarity
Posllive
, polarity (Option 003)
00423·800
00423·801
Malched pain o( ....mbly (Oplion 001):
Negalive polarity
Posilive polUity (Option 003)
00423·605
00423·606
(contact plus outer body; asaemblPd)
Support bead
Coupllftg nut
Outer COnduclor
'
Couplllll Slee.e
~040-0273
1250-0819
1250-1183
1250-0820
Tools:'
lR.'I" to Tabw I ror dnrr1pUon of opUona.
APe· 7 conlact eXlrIdor
5060-0236
APe- 7 Spanner wrench
~060-0237
Open-end wrench
8710-0877
2 pan of HP Mod",11 USIA APC·, ConlWc&.or Tool Kll.
(
PERFORMANCE CHECKS
The following paragraphs sUllllest methods to use
for checking detector specifications, For these
checks the instrument operator should refer to the
manuals of the equipment involved for operating
instructions '
Frequency Response Check
•
a. Using Ii 10 MHz to 18 G/1z signal source
with a 10 dB isolatina auenuetos. and an SWR
Meter as the indicator, connect the detector to the
signal source and adjust the RF power level for any
convenient up~ scale reference on the SWR
meter.
b. Without changing the RF output level,
disconnect the detector from the signal source.
c. Using a power meter/thermistor mount
combination, measure the signal source RF output
level and record it.
J
Page 7
Moods 423A/!!470A
•
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'',.
-, CENTER
- . CONDUCTOR
~U:~T
I
" ' " crlNNER CONDUCTOR
~NT~CT MEC~ANISM
.
~" ~ CO~~~~OR
-, •
"
\
COUI'ij.ING NUT
COUPLING SLEEVE
'
CARE
USE
1.
To Connect:
,~
1.
On one connector. relract the C'OUJlUnl sleeve by
K..... conlaclllll wrfact!l lIDoolb and clean. I....·
ularlU.. and ro....n partlcl.. can cIecrad. lll.c:t.rtcaJ
perfonnance.
Lumina the C'Ouplinl nut eounteretoekwtse unUI the
sIeeee and nul dJsenl ..e.
•
2.. On lb. ether connector, rully extend the couplllll
sI..... by lumlnl the coupllnl nul clockwi... To
enl..' couplllll lil.... and coupllll( nul wh.n Jh.
sIeeee I. rully retracted, p
back IIlhUy on '\h.
nul whll. lumllll II c1ockwl .
3.
4.
COUPLING
NUT
Push lb. eonnectors nnnly 100.lber. and lbread lb.
couplllll nul or the connector wllh retracted s1eeve
over the ex tended sleeve.
INNER
CONOUCTOR
CONTACT
Close lb. lap bel"""" coupllnl nuts wlth lb. nul
COUPLING
SLEEVE
on the eXl.ended-sleeve\onnector.
To Disconnect:
1.
Loosen Ule couplinl nut of the connector mowina
lb. wider lold band.
WIDER
BAND
2.
IMPORTANT: Part lb. conneclon carerully lo p revent atrikJnl the Inner conductor con~t.
"
_e
2.
Prolecl lb. conlaclllll wrfaces wh.n lb. connector
Ia not In u.. by leavllll Ih. coupllne
""Lended.
'
3.
Use lin\._ maLerial and/or Clpn-brillled brusb aueb
u a ~'lh brusb ror c1eanl.... If a <leanlDtl nuld Ia
.-ded .... IlOJIropyi alcohol. IMPORTANT: Do
nol uae aromaUc or chlortnaLed bydrocarbona, . .
Len. elh..... Lerpen... bllber a1cobo1l, lretoaea, or
eth..... coboIa web • be........)"Iue..... turpenUne,
dioxane. p.>llne. ''''1100oi•• acelaLe, or carbon
Lelracb1orld.. Keep exposure or lb. connector puts
lo bolb lb. el..nlne nuld and lis vapors • brlel' •
poalbl..
./
Figure 6. APe·7 Connecto,"
•
..
~ludl'ls ~ 23AIIH 70A
i
"
REPLACING AMPHENOL APC·1 CENTER CONTACT
Through wear or damage the contact in th... center
r-onductor rna) need n·pladnl. Thl:\ contart. II • small
Iour.pronged ('ollt'l which snaps IlIW a n."'N"SS In th ..
t't-nlt"f conductor Thts l'Onlat't is normally ht>ld in by
the sprtnll-at."lldn of Lht" (our pruna:s. With a malntryilll
IClass examine this C'onla."t to de termine If it needs
reptecement . DO NOT REMOVE THIS CONTACT FOR
INSPECTION iiI ma)" be damagl'd b)" ",movinel. The
(·onl...·1 mould be Iree of bum or wear and the prunes
~uuld be equally spal'1.>d. U the l'Ootad is removed do
SOT re-use il tu ma)" be damael>d b)" "","ovall. This
('un~'1 is Ampht"nol· part number 131-129 and HP
1250-0907. If thi!'i l"untat"t needs n.aplal·t"flwnl and a new
l'1m~*it 15 Iv.Uabl.. proceed L'\ fotlows:
ptlt.-e th e Instrument
I
down. Ir possible
!W)
1I
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~ .. 1 - - - SUPPORT IUD
1\
3. Allow the Jaws on the tool ueed to close and
. pull slraiehl awa)' frum the connector without twistina.
The- conlacA..~?uld come wil!1 the tool. If not, repeat
th ... procesa. Do.'N'OT
re-use th e l'ontad
.,
4. Snap in a new contact b)' pushlrl& a new coruect in
place.
{Amphenol
1250-09071
Part number 131·129: HP Part number
• Amphenol RF Divislon. Danbury. Conn.
Fll/Ure 7 A pc. 7 Connector
I
C8410AI
0.063111N
0.06611AX ,
•
0.3161l11N
0320llAX
$-4f£- ::C:! . -3
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Figure 8. Type N Connector
•\.
L.
0.063111N
006611AX
;;;r\::;;s:~ ~4:~~:~:x
•
I
t
the c'onnt"t'lur rac'l."l'i
2. Tap the conrrector Ullhtt)' and the contact
should now protrude .. iehUl' Insert lit. <"nl.rine pin or
the Hewlett-Packard collet remover, Stock Numbt....
5060'()236, wilh lit" Jawl open.
lItil 1001 II not
avallablt", fn ordinary draftsman', ml"Chan.ll'al pencil may
be used I th. end of the Jaws ma), han to be n1t>d to Kl't
a 100d vup at the vt"ry end].
!
..
0.207 MAX.
.
:'1<"Ms ,I23Aill4 70 A
d.
output
Pag.. 9
Chang" the frequency and reset th e RF
1t."V(al to that measured in step c.
e. Disconnect th,· pow er me ter/thermistor
mount from the signal sourc...' and reconnec t the
d eteeter. Total variation should b.... 1 d If to 12.4 '
GHz; .. dB to 111 GHz.
f.
Re p"~ steps b. c. d. and c at all points of
interes t across the frequ ency band.
,r'
Sensitivity Check
a. Using a 10 MHz to 18,0 GHz signal IOU«'"
and ad,' voltmet..r ... th" indicator. connect the
detector til the signal IOU«.... and adjust the RF
power 1"...1 fQr a .100 m V detec ted output from
the detector.
b. Disconnect the det ee toJ from the signal
source and measure the· R F output level. Specificatiori!: I..... than 0.36 mW should produce 100 mV
detected output.
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Model. 423A/8470A
..':
PERFORMANCE TESTS
SWR Check
r
•
SPECIFICATIONS:
10 MHz to 4.5 GHz: 1.2 SWR
•.5 to 7 GHz: 1.35 SWR
7 to 12.4 GHz: 1.5 SWR
12.4 to 18 GHz: 1.7 SWR
<. DESCRIPTION: The 8470A is connected to a Coaxial Swept Slotted-Line Systern.' The ~WR of the
8470A is measured on a swept-frequency basis, At any frequency where the 8470A appears to be out of
speclpcation., an SWR Meter is connected and the SWR is measured at that frequency on a single-frequent-y
basis. If the SWR is within specification. at'higher frequencies. the Detector will be within specifications at
lower frequencies also.
OSCIlloscope
}
Sw.pt Frequency
Indicator
SWR MII.r
I·=~
f,; 0
•
~In,ut •
,
I
IF=~=I====:~~- - -
_./
Sw..p
OsciliotOf
Siolled
LIne
S.....
Adopt.r
r~~::~:Jtf~~:=~lr
•
AdClllter
S lolled LIne
Fil/ure 9. SWR Te.t Setup
EQUIPMENT:
Slotted-Line Carriage
. HP 80ge
Slotted-Line . . .
. HP 816A
Slotted- Line Sweep Adapter
. HP 448A
The above instruments form the
HP 817 A Coaxial Swept Slotted·Line System
Sweep Oscillator . . . . . HP 8690 mainframe with 8699 (110 MHz to .. GHz)
HP 8690 mainframe with 8693 (4 to Il GHz)
HP 8690 mainframe with 8694 (8 to 12.4 GHz)
HP 8690 mainframe with 8695 (12.4 to 18 GHz)
Swept-Frequency Indicator
HP 1416A
Oscilloseo pe
.. HP 141A
SWR Meter
.. HP 415E
Adapter
HP 11534A
1
For
d"~il••
_/
"11' Opl'r'IIUna Nolt' for ModII'I I I I A Cou.aaJ S.lI'pt Slotted-l.int' S.,...m.
J
Pag" I I 112
PERFORMANCE TESTS
\
I.
Conne ct the equipme nt
2.
se t
3
L"""I the swee p oscillator
shown In Figure 9.
tI5
th e Sw ee p Oscillator to sw.... p the band of tnte rest .
tI5
follows:
\
a.
Manually sweep the band and adjust Swee p Oscillator output and Slotted Line Sw ee p Adapter
prohe pe netration for a Ie veled ALC signal with. DC output of 25 mV. Use a BNC Tee and
momentarily connect the Vertical Input of the scope to view the ALC loop.
b.
Switch SW""p Oscillator to- AUTO sweep and check leveling of ALC loop.
c.
Check output of 8472A with Oscilloscope. Maximum output should be 100 mV. If too high.tunl
Sweep Oscillator output down or Insert attenuator between Slotted-Line Sweep Adapter and the
Carriage.
,I.
Set Swept Frequency lndicator to LOG MODE with 2 dB/cm sensiuvity.
5.
Adjust Slotted Lin" probe and Swept-Frequency Indicator LOG
Use minimum possible probe penetration.
6.
se t Oscilloscope PRESENT ATION
7
Move the carriage at least ,;>ne-h.1f wavelength while sweeping the band of inter... t
!l.
Measure the Width of the trace In a vertical direction at the thickest pornt
!J
Compare this With spectficauons using th« formula:
BALANC~:
for a noise-free display.
to WRITE.
\
SWR
=
log-I (dB/20)
or
1.2
1.35
1.5
1.7
SWR = 1.58 dB
SWR = 2.61 dB
SWR = 3.52 dB
SWR-4.6IdB
The SWR should he less than specrf'ications. If not. measure the WIdth of th,· trac-e WIthout sweeping.
Subtract this reading from the m..asured value. If the resultant IS not less than sp...-ification, proceed to
the following single-frequency test.
10.
se t the Sweep Oscillator to
MANUAL sw...p. Set Sw ....p Oscillator to th .. frequency in question.
11 Connect the output of the Carriage I'rob.. to the Input of the SWR Met ..r. Set the SWR Meter
switch to 30 dB.
RANG~:
12. Set the Sw ee p Oscillator for Internal squarewav.. modulation and peakj!ldll'atlon on SWR M.. ter.
13. Move the Carriage Probe for a maximum indication.
14
,+
,
Adjust the SWR Meter GAIN control for a full-scale indicauon on th e SWR Met.. r.
15 Move the Carriage Probe for a minimum mdn-auon.
16. Read th.. SWR from the Indication.
\
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SALES &
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