Download Rabbit RCM2200 User`s manual

RabbitCore RCM2200
C-Programmable Module with Ethernet
User’s Manual
019–0097 • 010418–A
RabbitCore RCM2200: User’s Manual
Part Number 019-0097 • 010418–A • Printed in U.S.A.
© 2001 Z-World Inc. • All rights reserved.
Z-World reserves the right to make changes and
improvements to its products without providing notice.
Notice to Users
Z-WORLD PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL
COMPONENTS IN LIFE-SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS UNLESS A
SPECIFIC WRITTEN AGREEMENT REGARDING SUCH INTENDED USE IS
ENTERED INTO BETWEEN THE CUSTOMER AND ZWORLD PRIOR TO
USE. Life-support devices or systems are devices or systems intended for surgical
implantation into the body or to sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when
properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling and
user’s manual, can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury.
No complex software or hardware system is perfect. Bugs are always present in a
system of any size. In order to prevent danger to life or property, it is the responsibility of the system designer to incorporate redundant protective mechanisms
appropriate to the risk involved.
Trademarks
Rabbit 2000 is a trademark of Rabbit Semiconductor.
Dynamic C is a registered trademark of Z-World Inc..
Z80/Z180 is a trademark of Zilog Inc.
ii
Rabbit Semiconductor
Z-World Inc.
2932 Spafford Street
Davis, California 95616-6800
USA
2900 Spafford Street
Davis, California 95616-6800
USA
Telephone: (530) 757-8400
Fax: (530) 757-8402
Telephone: (530) 757-3737
Fax: (530) 753-5141
www.rabbitsemiconductor.com
www.zworld.com
RabbitCore RCM2200
Table of Contents
1
Introduction
1.1 RabbitCore RCM2200 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.2 Advantages of the RabbitCore RCM2200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
1.3 Development and Evaluation Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
1.4 How to Use This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
2
Hardware Reference
2.1 RabbitCore RCM2200 Digital Inputs and Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.1 Dedicated Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.2 Dedicated Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.3 Memory I/O Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.4 Other Inputs and Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-1
2-2
2-2
2-2
2-2
2.2 Serial Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.1 Serial Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.2 Ethernet Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.3 Programming Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-5
2-5
2-5
2-5
2.3 Other Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
2.3.1 Clock Doubler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
2.3.2 Backup Battery Circuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
User’s Manual
iii
2.4 Programming Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
2.4.1 Changing from Program Mode to Run Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
2.4.2 Changing from Run Mode to Program Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
3
Software Reference
3.1 More About Dynamic C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.1.1 Operating System Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3.1.2 Using Dynamic C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3.2 Dynamic C Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.1 I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.2 Serial Communication Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.3 TCP/IP Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-3
3-3
3-3
3-4
3.3 Sample Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
3.4 Upgrading Dynamic C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
3.4.1 Upgrades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
A
RabbitCore RCM2200 Specifications
A.1 Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2
A.1.1 Headers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5
A.1.2 Physical Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5
A.2 Bus Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5
A.3 Rabbit 2000 DC Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7
A.4 I/O Buffer Sourcing and Sinking Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-8
A.5 Conformal Coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9
B
Power Supply
B.1 Power Supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
B.2 Battery Backup Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
C
Programming Cable
D
Sample Circuits
D.1 RS-232/RS-485 Serial Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2
D.2 Keypad and LCD Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3
D.3 External Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4
D.4 D/A Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-5
iv
RabbitCore RCM2200
E
External Interrupts
E.1 Use of External Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-2
E.2 Single-Interrupt Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-3
E.3 OR’ed Interrupt Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-3
Index
Schematics
User’s Manual
v
vi
RabbitCore RCM2200
Introduction 1
The RabbitCore RCM2200 microprocessor module is designed to be the heart
of embedded control systems. The RCM2200 features an integrated Ethernet
port and provides for LAN and Internet-enabled systems to be built as easily
as serial-communication systems.
The RabbitCore RCM2200 has a Rabbit 2000
microprocessor operating at 22.1 MHz, static RAM,
flash memory, two clocks (main oscillator and timekeeping), and the circuitry necessary for reset and
management of battery backup of the Rabbit 2000’s
internal real-time clock and the static RAM. Two
26-pin headers bring out the Rabbit 2000 I/O bus
lines, address lines, data lines, parallel ports, and
serial ports.
The RabbitCore RCM2200 receives its +5 V power
from the user board on which it is mounted. The
RabbitCore RCM2200 can interface with all kinds
of CMOS-compatible digital devices through the
user board.
User’s Manual
1.1
RabbitCore RCM2200
Features
•
Small size: 1.60" × 2.30" × 0.86"
(41 mm × 58 mm × 22 mm)
•
Microprocessor: Rabbit 2000 running at
22.1 MHz
•
26 parallel I/O lines: 16 configurable for
input or output, 7 fixed inputs, 3 fixed outputs
•
8 data lines (D0–D7)
Introduction
1–1
•
4 address lines (A0–A3)
•
Memory I/0 read, write
•
External reset input
•
Five 8-bit timers (cascadable in pairs) and
two 10-bit timers
•
256K flash memory, 128K SRAM
•
Real-time clock
•
Watchdog supervisor
•
Provision for customer-supplied backup
battery via connections on header J5
•
10Base-T RJ-45 Ethernet port
•
Raw Ethernet and two associated LED
control signals available on 26-pin header
•
Three CMOS-compatible serial ports: maximum asynchronous baud rate of
345,600 bps, maximum synchronous baud
rate of 138,240 bps. One port is configurable as a clocked port.
•
Six additional I/O lines are located on the
programming port, can be used as I/O lines
when the programming port is not being
used for programming or in-circuit debugging—one synchronous serial port can also
be used as two general CMOS inputs and
one general CMOS output, and there are
two additional inputs and one additional
output.
Appendix A, “RabbitCore RCM2200 Specifications,” provides detailed specifications for the RabbitCore RCM2200.
•
Generous memory size allows large programs with tens of thousands of lines of
code, and substantial data storage.
•
Integrated Ethernet port for network connectivity, royalty-free TCP/IP software.
1.3
Development and
Evaluation Tools
A complete Development Kit, including a Prototyping Board, and Dynamic C development software, is
available to accompany the RCM2200 module. The
Development Kit puts together the essentials you
need to design an embedded microprocessor-based
system rapidly and efficiently.
See the RabbitCore RCM2200 Getting Started
Manual for complete information on the Development Kit.
1.4
How to Use This Manual
This user’s manual is intended to give users detailed
information on the RCM2200 module. It does not
contain detailed information on the Dynamic C
development environment or the TCP/IP software
support for the integrated Ethernet port. Most users
will want more detailed information on some or all
of these topics in order to put the RCM2200 module
to effective use.
1.4.1 Additional Product Information
1.2
•
Fast time to market using a fully engineered, “ready to run” microprocessor
core.
•
Competitive pricing when compared with
the alternative of purchasing and assembling individual components.
•
1–2
Advantages of the
RabbitCore RCM2200
Easy C-language program development
and debugging, including rapid production loading of programs.
Introduction
Introductory information about the RabbitCore
RCM2200 and its associated Development Kit and
Prototyping Board will be found in the printed RabbitCore RCM2200 Getting Started Manual, which
is also provided on the accompanying CD-ROM in
both HTML and Adobe PDF format.
We recommend that any users unfamiliar with
Z-World products, or those who will be using the
prototyping board for initial evaluation and development, begin with at least a read-through of the Getting Started manual.
RabbitCore RCM2200
1.4.2 Additional Reference Information
In addition to the product-specific information contained in the RabbitCore RCM2200 Getting Started
Manual and the RabbitCore RCM2200 User’s
Manual (this manual), several higher level reference manuals are provided in HTML and PDF form
on the accompanying CD-ROM. Advanced users
will find these references valuable in developing
systems based on the RCM2200 modules:
•
Dynamic C Premier User’s Manual
•
Introduction to TCP/IP
•
TCP/IP Function Reference
•
Rabbit 2000 Microprocessor
User’s Manual
1.4.3 Using Online Documentation
We provide the bulk of our user and reference documentation in two electronic formats, HTML and
Adobe PDF. We do this for several reasons.
We believe that providing all users with our complete library of product and reference manuals is a
useful convenience. However, printed manuals are
expensive to print, stock, and ship. Rather than
include and charge for manuals that every user may
not want, or provide only product-specific manuals,
we choose to provide our complete documentation
and reference library in electronic form with every
Development Kit and with our Dynamic C development environment.
NOTE: The most current version of
Adobe Acrobat Reader can always
be downloaded from Adobe’s Web
site at http://www.adobe.com.
We recommend that you use version 4.0 or later.
Providing this documentation in electronic form
saves an enormous amount of paper by not printing
copies of manuals that users don’t need. It reduces
User’s Manual
the number of outdated manuals we have to discard
from stock as well, and it makes providing a complete library of manuals an almost cost-free option.
For one-time or infrequent reference, electronic documents are more convenient than printed ones—
after all, they aren’t taking up shelf or desk space!
Finding Online Documents
The online documentation is installed along with
Dynamic C, and an icon for the documentation
menu is placed on the workstation’s desktop. Double-click this icon to reach the menu. If the icon is
missing, use your browser to find and load
default.htm in the docs folder, found in the
Dynamic C installation folder.
The latest versions of all documents are always
available for free, unregistered download from our
Web sites as well.
Printing Electronic Manuals
We recognize that many users prefer printed manuals for some uses. Users can easily print all or parts
of those manuals provided in electronic form. The
following guidelines may be helpful:
•
Print from the Adobe PDF versions of the
files, not the HTML versions.
•
Print only the sections you will need to
refer to more than once.
•
Print manuals overnight, when appropriate, to keep from tying up shared resources
during the work day.
•
If your printer supports duplex printing,
print pages double-sided to save paper and
increase convenience.
•
If you do not have a suitable printer or do
not want to print the manual yourself, most
retail copy shops (e.g., Kinkos, AlphaGraphics, CopyMax) will print the manual
from the PDF file and bind it for a reasonable charge—about what we would have to
charge for a printed and bound manual.
Introduction
1–3
1–4
Introduction
RabbitCore RCM2200
Hardware Reference 2
Chapter 2 describes the hardware components and principal hardware subsystems of the RabbitCore RCM2200. Appendix A, “RabbitCore RCM2200
Specifications,” provides complete physical and electrical specifications.
2.1
RabbitCore RCM2200 Digital Inputs and Outputs
Figure 2–1 shows the subsystems designed into the RabbitCore RCM2200.
PA0–PA7
Port A
PC0, PC2
PC1, PC3
PC6 + 1 more output
PB1, PC7, RES_IN
+ 2 more inputs
4 Ethernet signals
2 LED outputs
/RESET
Port C
(+Serial Ports C & D)
Programming
Port
PB0,
PB2–PB5 PB7
Port B
(+synch Serial Port B)
Misc. I/O
RAM
Port D
(+Serial Port B)
2000
Real-Time Clock
Watchdog
7 Timers
Slave Port
Clock Doubler
PE0–PE1,
PE4–PE5,
PE7
Port E
RABBIT
(Serial Port A)
Ethernet
Port
PD3–PD5
Address Lines
A0–A3
I/O Control
IORD
IOWR
Data Lines
D0–D7
Backup Battery
Support
Flash
Figure 2–1: Rabbit Subsystems
User’s Manual
Hardware Reference
2–1
The RabbitCore RCM2200 has 26 parallel
I/O lines grouped in five 8-bit ports available on
headers J4 and J5. The 16 bidirectional I/O lines are
located on pins PA0–PA7, PD3–PD5, and PE0–PE1,
PE4, PE5, and PE7. The pinouts for headers J4 and
J5 are shown in Figure 2–2.
J4
GND
PC0
PC2
TPOUTLNK
PD4
/IORD
PE0
TPINPE4
ACT
A3
A1
J5
VCC
PC1
PC3
TPOUT+
PD3
PD5
/IOWR
PE1
TPIN+
PE5
PE7
A2
A0
PA0
PA2
PA4
PA6
/RES
PB2
PB4
PB7
D6
D4
D2
D0
VCC
PA1
PA3
PA5
PA7
PB0
PB3
PB5
D7
D5
D3
D1
VBAT
GND
Note: These pinouts are as seen on
the Bottom Side of the module.
Figure 2–2: RabbitCore RCM2200 I/O Pinouts
2.1.1 Dedicated Inputs
PB0 is a general CMOS input when the Rabbit 2000
is either not using Serial Port B or is using Serial
Port B in an asynchronous mode. Four other general
CMOS input-only pins are located on PB2–PB5.
These pins can also be used for the slave port. PB2
and PB3 are slave write and slave read strobes,
while PB4 and PB5 serve as slave address lines SA0
and SA1, and are used to access the slave registers.
PC1 and PC3 are general CMOS inputs only. These
pins can instead be selectively enabled to serve as
the serial data inputs for Serial Ports D and C.
pins; PC0 and PC2 can instead serve as the serial
data outputs for Serial Ports D and C.
2.1.3 Memory I/O Interface
Four of the Rabbit 2000 address lines (A0–A3) and
all the data lines (D0–D7) are availabl. I/0 write
(/IOWR) and I/0 read (/IORD) are also available for
interfacing to external devices.
The ports on the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor used
in the RabbitCore RCM2200 are configurable, and so
the factory defaults can be reconfigured. Table 2–1
lists the Rabbit 2000 factory defaults and the alternate configurations.
2.1.2 Dedicated Outputs
One of the general CMOS output-only pins is
located on PB7. PB7 can also be used with the slave
port as the /SLAVEATTN output. This configuration signifies that the slave is requesting attention
from the master. PC0 and PC2 are also output-only
2–2
Hardware Reference
2.1.4 Other Inputs and Outputs
As shown in Table 2–1, pins PA0–PA7 can be used
to allow the Rabbit 2000 to be a slave to another
processor. The slave port also uses PB2–PB5, PB7,
and PE7.
RabbitCore RCM2200
Table 2–1: RabbitCore RCM2200 Pinout Configurations
Pin
Pin Name
Default Use
Alternate Use
1
GND
2
VCC
3
PC0
Output
TXD
4
PC1
Input
RXD
5
PC2
Output
TXC
6
PC3
Input
RXC
7
TPOUT–
8
TPOUT+
9
LNK
10
PD3
11
PD4
12
PD5
13
/IORD
Input (I/O read
strobe)
14
/IOWR
Output (I/O write
strobe)
15
PE0
16
PE1
17
TPIN–
18
TPIN+
19
PE4
20
PE5
21
ACT
22
PE7
23–26
A[3:0]
Notes
Header J4
Ethernet transmit port
Ethernet LNK LED
indicator
Bitwise or parallel
programmable I/O
ATXB output
ARXB input
Bitwise or parallel
programmable I/O
I0 control or INT0A input
I1 control or INT1A input
Ethernet receive port
User’s Manual
Bitwise or parallel
programmable I/O
I4 control or INT0B input
I5 control or INT1B input
Ethernet active (ACT)
LED indicator
Bitwise or parallel
programmable I/O
I7 control or slave port
chip select /SCS
Rabbit 2000 address bus
Hardware Reference
2–3
Table 2–1: RabbitCore RCM2200 Pinout Configurations (continued)
Pin
Default Use
PA[0:7]
Bytewide
programmable
parallel I/O
Slave port data bus
SD0–SD7
9
/RESET
Reset output
Reset input
PB0
Input
Serial port clock CLKB
input or output
11
PB2
Input
Slave port write /SWR
12
PB3
Input
Slave port read /SRD
13
PB4
Input
SA0
14
PB5
Input
SA1
PB7
Output
Slave port attention line
/SLAVEATTN
16–23
D[7:0]
Input/Output
24
VBAT
3 V battery input
25
VCC
26
GND
Notes
This weak output can be
driven externally
Slave port address lines
15
PE0, PE1, PE4, and PE5 can be used for up to two
external interrupts. PB0 can be used to access the
clock on Serial Port B of the Rabbit microprocessor.
PD4 can be programmed to be a serial output for
2–4
Alternate Use
1–8
10
Header J5
Pin Name
Hardware Reference
Rabbit 2000 data bus
Serial Port B. PD5 can be used as a serial input by
Serial Port B.
PC4, PC5, PD0, PD1, PE2, PE3, and PE6 are used
for internal communication with the RealTek Ethernet interface chip.
RabbitCore RCM2200
2.2
Serial Communication
The RabbitCore RCM2200 board does not have an
RS-232 or an RS-485 transceiver directly on the
board. However, an RS-232 or RS-485 interface
may be incorporated on the board the RCM2200 is
mounted on. For example, the Prototyping Board
supports a standard RS-232 transceiver chip.
2.2.1 Serial Ports
There are four serial ports designated as Serial Ports
A, B, C, and D. All four serial ports can operate in
an asynchronous mode up to the baud rate of the
system clock divided by 64. An asynchronous port
can handle 7 or 8 data bits. A 9th bit address
scheme, where an additional bit is sent to mark the
first byte of a message, is also supported. Serial
Ports A and B can also be operated in the clocked
serial mode. In this mode, a clock line synchronously clocks the data in or out. Either of the two
communicating devices can supply the clock. When
the Rabbit 2000 provides the clock, the baud rate
can be up to 80% of the system clock frequency
divided by 128, or 138,240 bps for a 22.1 MHz
clock speed.
Serial Port A is available only on the programming
port, and so is likely to be inconvenient to interface
with.
2.2.2 Ethernet Port
Figure 2–3 shows the pinout for the RJ-45 Ethernet
port (J2). Note that some Ethernet connectors are
numbered in reverse to the order used here.
ETHERNET
8
1.
2.
3.
6.
E_Tx+
E_Tx–
E_Rx+
E_Rx–
RJ-45 Jack
Figure 2–3: RJ-45 Ethernet Port Pinout
User’s Manual
The Ethernet signals are also available on header J4.
The ACK and LNK signals can be used to drive LEDs
on the user board the RCM2200 is connected to.
The transformer/connector assembly ground is connected to the RabbitCore RCM2200 printed circuit
board digital ground via a 0 Ω resistor, R29, as
shown in Figure 2–4.
RJ-45 Ethernet Plug
R29
Board
Ground
Chassis
Ground
Figure 2–4: Isolation Resistor R29
The RJ-45 connector is shielded to minimize EMI
effects to/from the Ethernet signals. Z-World recommends that an equivalent RJ-45 connector be used
on the user board if the customer wishes to have an
RJ-45 connector on the user board.
NOTE: Z-World may offer large-volume orders for the RCM2200 without the LEDs and the RJ-45
connector if you plan to use your
own RJ-45 connector on your user
board. Ask your Z-World or Rabbit
Semiconductor sales representative
for more information.
2.2.3 Programming Port
1
RJ-45 Plug
Two LEDs are placed next to the RJ-45 Ethernet
jack, one to indicate an Ethernet link (LNK) and one
to indicate Ethernet activity (ACT).
Serial Port A has special features that allow it to
cold-boot the system after reset. Serial Port A is also
the port that is used for software development under
Dynamic C.
The RabbitCore RCM2200 has a 10-pin program
header labeled J1. The Rabbit 2000 startup-mode
pins (SMODE0, SMODE1) are presented to the
Hardware Reference
2–5
programming port so that an externally connected
device can force the RCM2200 to start up in an
external bootstrap mode. The Rabbit 2000 Microprocessor User’s Manual provides more information related to the bootstrap mode.
Alternate Uses of the Programming Port
The programming port may also be used as an application port with the DIAG connector on the programming cable.
The programming port is used to start the RabbitCore RCM2200 in a mode where it will download a
program from the port and then execute the program.
The programming port transmits information to and
from a PC while a program is being debugged incircuit.
All three clocked Serial Port A signals are available as
The RabbitCore RCM2200 can be reset from the
programming port via the /RESET_IN line.
The Rabbit 2000 status pin is also presented to the
programming port. The status pin is an output that
can be used to send a general digital signal.
The clock line for Serial Port A is presented to the
programming port, which makes synchronous serial
communication possible.
2.2.3.1
•
a synchronous serial port
•
an asynchronous serial port, with the clock
line useable as a general CMOS input
•
two general CMOS inputs and one general
CMOS output.
Two startup mode pins, SMODE0 and SMODE1,
are available as general CMOS inputs after they are
read during the initial boot-up. The logic state of
these two pins is very important in determining the
startup procedure after a reset.
/RES_IN is an external input used to reset the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor.
The status pin may also be used as a general CMOS
output.
See Appendix C, “Programming Cable,” for more
information.
2–6
Hardware Reference
RabbitCore RCM2200
2.3
Other Hardware
2.3.1 Clock Doubler
The RabbitCore RCM2200 takes advantage of the
Rabbit 2000 microprocessor’s internal clock doubler. A built-in clock doubler allows half-frequency
crystals to be used to reduce radiated emissions. The
22.1 MHz frequency is generated using an
11.0592 MHz crystal. The clock doubler is disabled
automatically in the BIOS for crystals with a frequency above 12.9 MHz.
The clock doubler may be disabled if 22.1 MHz
clock speeds are not required. Disabling the Rabbit
2000 microprocessor’s internal clock doubler will
reduce power consumption and further reduce radiated emissions. The clock doubler is disabled with a
simple change to the BIOS as described below.
1.
Open the BIOS source code file, RABBITBIOS.C in the BIOS directory.
2.
Change the line
#define CLOCK_DOUBLED 1 // set to 1 to double the clock if XTAL<=12.9MHz,
to read as follows.
#define CLOCK_DOUBLED 0 // set to 1 to double the clock if XTAL<=12.9MHz,
3.
Change the serial baud rate to 57,600 bps when the RabbitCore RCM2200 is operated at 11.05
MHz.
4.
Save the change using File > Save.
2.3.2 Backup Battery Circuit
The RabbitCore RCM2200 does not have a battery,
but there is provision for a customer-supplied battery to back up SRAM and keep the internal Rabbit
2000 real-time clock running.
Header J5, shown in Figure 2–5, allows access to
the external battery. This header makes it possible to
connect an external 3 V power supply. This allows
the internal Rabbit 2000 real-time clock to run and
allows the SRAM to retain data when the RabbitCore RCM2200 is powered down.
A lithium battery with a nominal voltage of 3 V and
a minimum capacity of 950 mA·h is recommended.
A lithium battery is needed because of its nearly
constant nominal voltage over most of its life.
The drain on the battery by the RabbitCore RCM2200
is typically 16 µA when no other power is supplied.
If a 950 mA·h battery is used, the battery can last
more than 6 years:
User’s Manual
External
Battery
J5
D0
23
24
VBAT
VCC
25
26
GND
Figure 2–5: External Battery Connections
at Header J5
950 mA·h
------------------------ = 6.8 years.
16 µA
The actual life in your application will depend on
the current drawn by components not on the RabbitCore RCM2200 and the storage capacity of the battery. Note that the shelf life of a lithium battery is
ultimately 10 years.
Hardware Reference
2–7
The battery-backup circuit serves two purposes:
VCC
• It reduces the battery voltage to the real-time
clock, thereby reducing the current consumed
by the real-time clock and lengthening the battery life.
R33
VRAM
0W
Q5
FDV302P
• It ensures that current can flow only out of the
battery to prevent charging the battery.
R30
10 kW
Figure 2–6 shows the RabbitCore 2000 battery
backup circuit.
/RESET
R17
22 kW
Q2
MMBT3904
(5 V or VRAM
2.2 V)
MMBT5088LT1
Q1
Figure 2–7: VRAM Switch
(3 V)
VBAT
R5
R4
1.3 kW
220 kW
R3
2 MW
Figure 2–6: RabbitCore RCM2200
Battery Backup Circuit
It is important not to charge a lithium battery with
any appreciable current. Resistor R5, shown in
Figure 2–6, prevents any catastrophic failure of Q1
by limiting current to the customer-supplied battery.
VRAM and Vcc are nearly equal (<100 mV, typically 10 mV) when power is supplied to the RabbitCore RCM2200.
Resistors R3 and R4 make up a voltage divider that
biases the base of Q1 to about 0.9 × VBAT. VBE on
Q1 is about 0.55 V. Therefore, VRAM is about 0.9 ×
VBAT - 0.55 V, or about 2.15 V for a 3 V battery.
2.3.2.1
Power to VRAM Switch
The VRAM switch, shown in Figure 2–7, allows a
customer-supplied external battery to provide power
when the external power goes off. The switch provides an isolation between Vcc and the battery when
Vcc goes low. This prevents the Vcc line from
draining the battery.
2–8
Hardware Reference
Transistor Q5 is needed to ensure a very small voltage drop between Vcc and VRAM (<100 mV, typically 10 mV) so that the processor lines powered by
Vcc will not have a significantly different voltage
than VRAM.
When the RCM2200 is not resetting (pin 2 on U1 is
high), the /RESET line will be high. This turns on
Q2, causing its collector to go low. This turns on
Q5, allowing VRAM to nearly equal Vcc.
When the RCM2200 is resetting, the /RESET line
will go low. This turns off Q2 and Q5, providing an
isolation between Vcc and VRAM.
The battery backup circuit keeps VRAM from dropping below 2 V.
2.3.2.2
Reset Generator
The RabbitCore RCM2200 uses a reset generator,
U1, to reset the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor when
the voltage drops below the voltage necessary for
reliable operation. The reset occurs between 4.50 V
and 4.75 V, typically 4.63 V.
The RCM2200 has a reset output, pin 9 on header
J5. The reset output may be overdriven with at least
5 mA, essentially turning pin 9 on header J5 into a
reset input, which may be used to reset the RCM2200.
RabbitCore RCM2200
Run Mode
Program Mode
To PC COM port
RESET RabbitCore when changing mode:
Short out pins 9 and 26 on header J5, OR
Press RESET button (if using Prototyping Board), OR
Remove, then reapply power
after removing or attaching programming cable.
Figure 2–8: Switching Between Program Mode and Run Mode
2.4
Programming Cable
The RabbitCore RCM2200 is automatically in program mode when the PROG connector on the programming cable is attached, and is automatically in
run mode when no programming cable is attached.
The DIAG connector of the programming cable
may be used on header J5 of the RabbitCore
RCM2200 with the board operating in the run
mode. This allows the programming port to be used
as an application port. See Appendix C, “Programming Cable,” for more information.
2.4.1 Changing from Program Mode to
Run Mode
1.
Disconnect the programming cable from
header J5 of the RabbitCore RCM2200.
2.
Reset the RabbitCore RCM2200. You may
do this as explained in Figure 2–8.
The RabbitCore RCM2200 is now ready to operate
in the run mode.
2.4.2 Changing from Run Mode to
Program Mode
1.
Attach the programming cable to header J3
on the RabbitCore RCM2200 series.
2.
Reset the RabbitCore RCM2200 series. You
may do this as explained in Figure 2–8.
The RabbitCore RCM2200 is now ready to operate
in the program mode.
User’s Manual
Hardware Reference
2–9
2–10
Hardware Reference
RabbitCore RCM2200
Software Reference 3
Dynamic C Premier is an integrated development system for writing embedded software. It runs on an IBM-compatible PC and is designed for use with
Z-World controllers and other controllers based on the Rabbit microprocessor.
Chapter 3 provides the libraries, function calls, and sample programs related
to the RabbitCore RCM2200.
3.1
More About Dynamic C
Dynamic C has been in use worldwide since 1989.
It is specially designed for programming embedded
systems, and features quick compile and interactive
debugging in the real environment. A complete reference guide to Dynamic C is contained in the
Dynamic C Premier User’s Manual.
Dynamic C for Rabbit 2000™ processors uses the
standard Rabbit programming interface. This is a
10-pin connector that connects to the Rabbit 2000
serial port A. It is possible to reset and cold-boot a
Rabbit processor via the programming port. No software needs to be present in the target system. More
details are available in the Rabbit 2000 Microprocessor User’s Manual.
User’s Manual
Dynamic C cold-boots the target system and compiles the BIOS. The BIOS is a basic program of a
few thousand bytes in length that provides the
debugging and communication facilities that
Dynamic C needs. Once the BIOS has been compiled, the user can compile his own program and test
it. If the user program stops running, a new cold
boot and BIOS compile can be done at any time.
Dynamic C does not use include files, rather it
has libraries that are used for the same purpose, that
is, to supply functions and function prototypes to
programs before they are compiled.
Dynamic C supports assembly language, either as
separate functions or as fragments embedded in C
programs. Interrupt routines may be written in
Dynamic C or in assembly language.
Software Reference
3–1
3.1.1 Operating System Framework
Dynamic C does not include an operating system in
the usual sense of a complex software system that is
resident in memory. The user has complete control
of what is loaded as a part of his program, other than
those routines that support loading and debugging
(which are inactive at embedded run time). However, certain routines are very basic and normally
should always be present and active.
•
Periodic interrupt routine. This interrupt
routine is driven by the Rabbit periodic
interrupt facility, and when enabled creates
an interrupt every 16 ticks of the 32.768
kHz oscillator, or every 488 µs. This routine drives three long global variables that
keep track of the time: SEC_TIMER,
MS_TIMER, and TICK_TIMER that
respectively count seconds, milliseconds,
and 488 µs ticks. These variables are
needed by some functions that measure
time. The SEC_TIMER is set to seconds
elapsed since 1 Jan 1980, and thus also
keeps track of the time and date. The periodic interrupt routine must be disabled
when the microprocessor enters sleepy
mode and the processor clock is operating
at 32.768 kHz. The interrupt routine cannot complete at this slow speed before the
next tick of the periodic interrupt. In this
situation, the hardware real-time clock can
be read directly to provide the time.
The periodic interrupt function also hits
the hardware watchdog timer. Software or
“virtual” watchdog timers are available in
3–2
Software Reference
Dynamic C. See the Dynamic C Premier
User’s Manual for more information.
3.1.2 Using Dynamic C
You have a choice of doing your software development in the flash memory or in the static RAM.
There are 256K bytes of flash memory and 128K
bytes of SRAM. The advantage of working in RAM
is to save wear on the flash, which is limited to
about 100,000 writes.
NOTE: Note that an application can
be developed in RAM, but cannot
run standalone from RAM after the
programming cable is disconnected. All applications can only run
from flash memory.
NOTE: Do not depend on the flash
memory sector size or type. Due to
the volatility of the flash memory
market, the RabbitCore RCM2200
and Dynamic C were designed to
accommodate flash devices with
various sector sizes.
The disadvantage of using flash memory when
debugging a program is that interrupts must be disabled for approximately 5 ms to 20 ms whenever a
break point is set in the program. This can crash fast
interrupt routines that are running while you stop at
a break point or single-step the program.
Flash memory or RAM is selected with the
Dynamic C Options > Compiler menu.
RabbitCore RCM2200
3.2
Dynamic C Libraries
With Dynamic C running, click File > Open, and
select Lib. The following list of Dynamic C libraries will be displayed.
The sample programs in the Dynamic C SAMPLES/RCM2200 directory provide further examples.
3.2.2 Serial Communication Drivers
The Prototyping Board has room for an RS-232 chip
for which the Rabbit serial library, RS232.LIB,
provides a set of functions that send and receive
entire blocks of data without yielding to other tasks,
a set of single-user cofunctions that send and receive
data but yield to other tasks, and a set of circular
buffer functions.
The naming convention is serXfn:
ser—serial
X—the port being used: A, B,
C, or D
fn - the function being implemented
There is no unique library that is specific to the RabbitCore RCM2200. The functions in the above
libraries are described in the Dynamic C Premier
User’s Manual.
For example, serBgetc() is the serial port B
function getc(), which returns a character.
3.2.1 I/O
The Rabbit serial functions are listed in the following groups.
The RabbitCore RCM2200 was designed to interface with other systems, and so there are no drivers
written specifically for the I/O. The general
Dynamic C read and write functions allow you to
customize the parallel I/O to meet your specific
needs. For example, use
WrPortI(PEDDR, &PEDDRShadow,
0x00);
to set all the port E bits as inputs, or use
WrPortI(PEDDR, &PEDDRShadow,
0xFF);
to set all the port E bits as outputs.
User’s Manual
Open and Close Functions
Non-Cofunction Blocking
Input Functions
Non-Cofunction Blocking Output Functions
Single-User Cofunction Input
Functions
Single-User Cofunction Output
Functions
Circular Buffer Functions
Software Reference
3–3
3.2.3 TCP/IP Drivers
3.3
Sample Programs
The TCP/IP drivers are located in the TCPIP directory.
Sample programs are provided in the Dynamic C
Samples folder, which is shown below.
Complete information on these libraries and the
TCP/IP functions is provided in the Dynamic C Premier TCP/IP Function Reference Manual.
The various folders contain specific sample programs that illustrate the use of the corresponding
Dynamic C libraries. For example, the sample program PONG.C demonstrates the output to the
Dynamic C STDIO window.
Two folders contain sample programs that illustrate
features unique to the RabbitCore RCM2200.
• RCM2200—Demonstrates the basic operation
and the Ethernet functionality of the RabbitCore
RCM2200.
• TCPIP—Demonstrates more advanced TCP/IP
programming for Z-World’s Ethernet-enabled
Rabbit-based boards.
Follow the instructions included with the sample
program to connect the RabbitCore RCM2200 and
the other hardware identified in the instructions.
To run a sample program, open it with the File
menu (if it is not still open), compile it using the
Compile menu, and then run it by selecting Run in
the Run menu. The RabbitCore RCM2200 must be
in Program Mode (see Section 2.4, “Programming
Cable”) and must be connected to a PC using the
programming cable.
More complete information on Dynamic C is provided in the Dynamic C Premier User’s Manual.
3–4
Software Reference
RabbitCore RCM2200
3.4
Upgrading Dynamic C
Dynamic C patches that focus on bug fixes are
available from time to time. Check the Web sites
•
www.zworld.com/support/supportcenter.html
•
www.rabbitsemiconductor.com/support.html
ply copy over an entire file since you may overwrite
a bug fix; of course, you may copy over any programs you have written. Once you are sure the new
patch works entirely to your satisfaction, you may
retire the existing installation, but keep it available
to handle legacy applications.
or
for the latest patches, workarounds, and bug fixes.
The default installation of a patch or bug fix is to
install the file in a directory (folder) different from
that of the original Dynamic C installation. Z-World
recommends using a different directory so that you
can verify the operation of the patch without overwriting the existing Dynamic C installation. If you
have made any changes to the BIOS or to libraries,
or if you have programs in the old directory (folder),
make these same changes to the BIOS or libraries in
the new directory containing the patch. Do not sim-
User’s Manual
3.4.1 Upgrades
A special edition of Dynamic C, Dynamic C SE, is
included on the CD that comes with the RabbitCore
RCM2200 Development Kit, and has been customized with all the libraries and features needed to
develop and run an application on the RabbitCore
RCM2200.
More advanced users who may need upgrades and
additional capabilities for other Z-World products in
the future are encouraged to consider the standard
edition of Dynamic C Premier, which Z-World plans
to fully supported with upgrades now and into the
future.
Software Reference
3–5
3–6
Software Reference
RabbitCore RCM2200
RabbitCore RCM2200 Specifications A
Appendix A provides the specifications for the RabbitCore RCM2200, and
describes the conformal coating.
User’s Manual
RabbitCore RCM2200 Specifications
A–1
A.1
Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics
Figure A–1 shows the mechanical dimensions for the RabbitCore RCM2200.
2.300
(58.4)
1.060
0.130 dia
(26.9)
0.602
(22)
0.86
(18)
0.72
(16)
0.62
0.62
(15.3)
(14)
(15.7)
0.55
0.625
0.55
(4.0)
(0,0) for Pin 1
coordinates
0.156
(20.3)
0.800
(40.6)
1.600
(3.3)
2.300
(22)
0.86
(18)
0.72
(16)
(14)
(58.4)
1.600
(40.6)
Figure A–1: RabbitCore RCM2200 Dimensions
A–2
RabbitCore RCM2200 Specifications
RabbitCore RCM2200
Table A–1 provides the pin 1 locations for the RabbitCore RCM2200 headers viewed from the top side (as in
Figure A–1).
Table A–1: RabbitCore RCM2200 Header Pin 1 Locations
Header
Description
Pin 1 (x,y)
Coordinates
(Inches)
J4
RabbitCore RCM2200 user board interface
(0.100, 1.445)
J5
RabbitCore RCM2200 user board interface
(0.100, 0.195)
J1
Programming header (top side)
(0.125, 1.515)
DS1
LNK LED
(1.815, 0.105)
DS2
ACT LED
(2.015, 0.105)
Table A–2 lists the electrical, mechanical, and environmental specifications for the RabbitCore RCM2200.
User’s Manual
RabbitCore RCM2200 Specifications
A–3
Table A–2: RabbitCore RCM2200 Specifications
Parameter
A–4
Specification
Board Size
1.60" × 2.30" × 0.86"
(41 mm × 59 mm × 22 mm)
Operating Temperature
–40°C to +70°C
Humidity
5% to 95%, noncondensing
Input Voltage
4.75 V to 5.25 V DC
Current
134 mA at 22.1 MHz, 5 V DC; 10 mA additional with programming
cable attached
General-Purpose I/O
26 parallel I/0 lines grouped in five 8-bit ports (shared with serial
ports): 16 configurable for I/O, 7 fixed inputs, 3 fixed outputs
Memory, I/O Interface
4 address lines, 8 data lines, I/O read/write
Additional Digital Inputs
Startup mode (2), reset in, Serial Port A (1)
Additional Digital Outputs
Status, reset out, Serial Port A (1)
Ethernet Interface
10base-T
Microprocessor
Rabbit 2000™
Clock
22.1 MHz
SRAM
128K × 8, surface mount
Flash Memory
One 256K × 8, surface mount
Timers
Five 8-bit timers cascadable in pairs, one 10-bit timer with 2 match
registers that each have an interrupt
Serial Ports
Three CMOS-compatible ports. One port is configurable as a clocked
port, a fourth clocked pin is available on the programming port.
Serial Rate
CMOS:
maximum asynchronous 345,600 bps
maximum synchronous 138,240 bps
Slave Interface
A slave port allows the RabbitCore RCM2200 to be used as an
intelligent peripheral device slaved to a master processor, which may
either be another Rabbit 2000 or any other type of processor
Watchdog/Supervisor
Yes
Time/Date Clock
Yes
Socket Strip (for connection
to headers J4 and J5)
2x13, 2 mm pitch
Backup Battery
Provision for user-supplied backup battery (2.85 V to 3.15 V) via
connections on header J5
RabbitCore RCM2200 Specifications
RabbitCore RCM2200
A.1.1 Headers
The RabbitCore 2000 uses headers at J4 and J5 for
physical connection to other boards. J4 and J5 are
2 × 13 SMT headers with a 2 mm pin spacing. J1,
the programming port, is a 2 × 5 header with a 2
mm pin spacing.
Figure A–2 shows the layout of another board for
the RabbitCore RCM2200 to be plugged into. These
values are relative to the header connectors.
A.1.2 Physical Mounting
A 9/32” (7 mm) standoff with a 6-32 screw is recommended to attach RabbitCore RCM2200 to a
user board at the hole position shown in Figure A–2.
J4
J1
0.935
0.645
(23.7)
0.130 dia
(16.4)
RCM2200 Footprint
0.715
(18.2)
(3.3)
0.960
(24.4)
0.079
0.605
0.020 sq typ
(15.4)
(0.5)
(2.0)
J5
0.079
(2.0)
Figure A–2: User Board Footprint for RabbitCore RCM2200
A.2
Bus Loading
You must pay careful attention to bus loading when
designing an interface to the RabbitCore RCM2200.
This section provides bus loading information for
external devices.
Table A–3 lists the capacitance for the various RabbitCore 2000 I/O ports.
Table A–3: Capacitance of Rabbit 2000 I/O Ports
Input
Capacitance
(pF)
Output
Capacitance
(pF)
Parallel Ports A to E
12
14
Data Lines BD0–BD7
10
12
Address Lines BA0–BA12
4
8
I/O Ports
User’s Manual
RabbitCore RCM2200 Specifications
A–5
Figure A–3 shows a typical timing diagram for the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor external memory read and
write cycles.
External I/O Read (no extra wait states)
T1
Tw
T2
CLK
A[15:0]
valid
Tadr
Tsetup
D[7:0]
valid
Thold
/CSx
/OEx
/IOCSx
valid
/IORD
/BUFEN
External I/O Write (no extra wait states)
T1
Tw
T2
CLK
A[15:0]
valid
Tadr
D[7:0]
valid
/CSx
/WEx
/IOCSx
valid
Thold
/IOWR
/BUFEN
Figure A–3: Memory Read and Write Cycles
Tadr is the time required for the address output to reach 0.8 V. This time depends on the bus loading. Tsetup is
the data setup time relative to the clock. Tsetup is specified from 30%/70% of the VDD voltage level.
A–6
RabbitCore RCM2200 Specifications
RabbitCore RCM2200
Table A–4 lists the parameters shown in these figures and provides minimum or measured values.
Table A–4: Memory and External I/O Read/Write Parameters
Write Parameters
Read Parameters
Parameter
A.3
Description
Value
Tadr
Time from CPU clock rising
edge to address valid
Max.
7 ns @ 20 pF, 5 V (10 ns @ 3.3 V)
14 ns @ 70 pF, 5 V (19 ns @ 3.3 V)
Tsetup
Data read setup time
Min.
2 ns @ 5 V (3 ns @ 3.3 V)
Thold
Data read hold time
Min.
0 ns
Tadr
Time from CPU clock rising
edge to address valid
Max.
7 ns @ 20 pF, 5 V (10 ns @ 3.3 V)
14 ns @ 70 pF, 5 V (19 ns @ 3.3 V)
Thold
Data write hold time from /WEx
Min.
or /IOWR
½ CPU clock cycle
Rabbit 2000 DC Characteristics
Table A–5 outlines the DC characteristics for the Rabbit 2000 at 5.0 V over the recommended operating temperature range from Ta = –40°C to +85°C, VDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V.
Table A–5: 5.0 Volt DC Characteristics
Symbol
Parameter
Test Conditions
Min
Typ
IIH
Input Leakage High
VIN = VDD, VDD = 5.5
V
IIL
Input Leakage Low
(no pull-up)
VIN = VSS, VDD = 5.5 V
-10
IOZ
Output Leakage (no pullup)
VIN = VDD or VSS,
VDD = 5.5 V
-10
VIL
CMOS Input Low Voltage
VIH
CMOS Input High Voltage
VT
CMOS Switching
Threshold
VDD = 5.0 V, 25°C
2.4
VOL
CMOS Output Low
Voltage
IOL = See Table A–6
(sinking)
VDD = 4.5 V
0.2
VOH
CMOS Output High
Voltage
IOH = See Table A–6
(sourcing)
VDD = 4.5 V
User’s Manual
Max
Units
10
µA
10
µA
0.3 x VDD
V
0.7 x VDD
0.7 x VDD
µA
V
V
0.4
4.2
RabbitCore RCM2200 Specifications
V
V
A–7
A.4
I/O Buffer Sourcing and
Sinking Limit
Unless otherwise specified, the Rabbit I/O buffers
are capable of sourcing and sinking 8 mA of current
per pin at full AC switching speed. Full AC switching assumes a 25.8 MHz CPU clock and capacitive
loading on address and data lines of less than 100 pF
per pin. Address pin A0 and data pin D0 are rated at
16 mA each. Pins A1–A12 and D1–D7 are each
rated at 8 mA. The absolute maximum operating
voltage on all I/O is VDD + 0.5 V, or 5.5 V.
Table A–6 shows the AC and DC output drive limits of the parallel I/O buffers when the Rabbit 2000
is used in the RabbitCore RCM2200.
Table A–6: I/O Buffer Sourcing and Sinking Capability
Output Drive
Sourcing*/Sinking† Limits
(mA)
Pin Name
Output Port Name
Full AC Switching
SRC/SNK
Maximum‡ DC
Output Drive
SRC/SNK
PA [7:0]
8/8
12/12
PB [7, 1, 0]
8/8
12/12
PC [6, 2, 0]
8/8
12/12
PD [5::4]
8/8
12/12
PD3**
16/16
25/25
PE [7, 5, 4, 1, 0]
8/8
12/12
* The maximum DC sourcing current for I/O buffers between VDD
pins is 112 mA.
† The maximum DC sinking current for I/O buffers between VSS pins
is 150 mA.
‡ The maximum DC output drive on I/O buffers must be adjusted to
take into consideration the current demands made my AC switching
outputs, capacitive loading on switching outputs, and switching voltage.
The current drawn by all switching and nonswitching I/O must not
exceed the limits specified in the first two footnotes.
** The combined sourcing from Port D [7:0] may need to be adjusted so
as not to exceed the 112 mA sourcing limit requirement specified in
the first footnote.
A–8
RabbitCore RCM2200 Specifications
RabbitCore RCM2200
A.5
Conformal Coating
The areas around the crystal oscillator has had the
Dow Corning silicone-based 1-2620 conformal
coating applied. The conformally coated area is
shown in Figure A–4. The conformal coating protects these high-impedance circuits from the effects
of moisture and contaminants over time.
Any components in the conformally coated area
may be replaced using standard soldering procedures for surface-mounted components. A new conformal coating should then be applied to offer
continuing protection against the effects of moisture and contaminants.
NOTE: For more information on conformal coatings, refer to Rabbit
Semiconductor Technical Note 303,
Conformal Coatings.
User’s Manual
Figure A–4: RabbitCore RCM2200 Areas
Receiving Conformal Coating
RabbitCore RCM2200 Specifications
A–9
A–10
RabbitCore RCM2200 Specifications
RabbitCore RCM2200
Power Supply B
Appendix B provides information on the current requirements of the RabbitCore
RCM2200, and some background on the chip select circuit used in power management.
B.1
Power Supplies
The RabbitCore RCM2200 requires a regulated 5 V
± 0.25 V DC power source. The RabbitCore design
presumes that the voltage regulator is on the user
board, and that the power is made available to the
RabbitCore board through headers J4 and J5.
A RabbitCore RCM2200 with no loading at the outputs operating at 22.1 MHz typically draws 134 mA.
The RabbitCore RCM2200 will consume an additional 10 mA when the programming cable is used
to connect J1 to a PC.
B.2
Battery Backup Circuits
As explained in Section 2.3.2, the RabbitCore
RCM2200 has provision for battery backup, which
kicks in to keep VRAM from dropping below 2 V.
User’s Manual
The current drain on the battery in a battery-backed
circuit must be kept to a minimum. When the RabbitCore RCM2200 is not powered, the battery keeps
the SRAM memory contents and the real-time clock
(RTC) going. The SRAM has a powerdown mode
that greatly reduces power consumption. This powerdown mode is activated by raising the chip select
(CS) signal line. Normally the SRAM requires Vcc
to operate. However, only 2 V is required for data
retention in powerdown mode. Thus, when power is
removed from the circuit, the battery voltage needs
to be provided to both the SRAM power pin and to
the CS signal line. The CS control switch accomplishes this task for the CS signal line.
Figure B–1 shows a schematic of the chip select
control switch.
Power Supply
B–1
VRAM
R28
/CSRAM
100 kW
Q4
/CS1
Q3
VRAM
SWITCH
/RESET_OUT
Figure B–1: Chip Select Control Switch
In a powered-up condition, the CS control switch
must allow the processor’s chip select signal /CS1 to
control the SRAM’s CS signal /CSRAM. So, with
power applied, /CSRAM must be the same signal as
/CS1, and with power removed, /CSRAM must be
held high (but only needs to be as high as the battery
voltage). Q3 and Q4 are MOSFET transistors with
opposing polarity. They are both turned on when
power is applied to the circuit. They allow the CS
signal to pass from the processor to the SRAM so
that the processor can periodically access the
SRAM. When power is removed from the circuit,
the transistors will turn off and isolate /CSRAM
B–2
Power Supply
from the processor. The isolated /CSRAM line has a
100 kΩ pullup resistor to VRAM (R28). This pullup
resistor keeps /CSRAM at the VRAM voltage level
(which under no power condition is the backup battery’s regulated voltage at a little more than 2 V).
Transistors Q3 and Q4 are of opposite polarity so
that a rail-to-rail voltages can be passed. When the
/CS1 voltage is low, Q3 will conduct. When the
/CS1 voltage is high, Q4 will conduct. It takes time
for the transistors to turn on, creating a propagation
delay. This delay is typically very small, about 10 ns
to 15ns.
RabbitCore RCM2200
Programming Cable C
Appendix C provides additional theoretical information for the Rabbit 2000™
microprocessor when using the DIAG and PROG connectors on the programming cable. The PROG connector is used only when the programming cable is
attached to the programming connector (header J5) while a new application is
being developed. Otherwise, the DIAG connector on the programming cable
allows the programming cable to be used as an RS-232 to CMOS level converter for serial communication, which is appropriate for monitoring or
debugging a RabbitCore system while it is running.
User’s Manual
Programming Cable
C–1
The programming port, which is shown in Figure C–1,
can serve as a convenient communications port for
field setup or other occasional communication need
(for example, as a diagnostic port). There are several ways that the port can be automatically integrated into software. If the port is simply to perform
a setup function, that is, write setup information to
flash memory, then the controller can be reset
through the programming port and a cold boot performed to start execution of a special program dedicated to this functionality.
PROGRAMMING PORT PIN ASSIGNMENTS
(Rabbit PQFP pins are shown in parenthesis)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Programming Port
Pin Numbers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
RXA (51)
GND
CKLKA (94)
+5 V/+3 V
/RESET
TXA (54)
n.c.
STATUS (output) (38)
SMODE0 (36)
10. SMODE1 (35)
~50 kW
~50 kW
~10 kW
~50 kW
~50 kW
+
+
+
GND
GND
Figure C–1: Programming Port Pin Assignments
When the PROG connector is used, the /RESET
line can be asserted by manipulating DTR and the
STATUS line can be read as DSR on the serial port.
The target can be restarted by pulsing reset and then,
after a short delay, sending a special character string
at 2400 bps. To simply restart the BIOS, the string
80h, 24h, 80h can be sent. When the BIOS is
started, it can tell whether the programming cable is
connected because the SMODE1 and SMODE0
pins are sensed as being high. This will cause the
Rabbit 2000 to enter the bootstrap mode. The
Dynamic C programming mode then can have an
escape message that will enable the diagnostic serial
port function.
Alternatively, the DIAG connector can be used to
connect the programming port. The /RESET line
and the SMODE1 and SMODE0 pins are not connected to this connector. The programming port is
then enabled as a diagnostic port by polling the port
C–2
Programming Cable
periodically to see if communication needs to begin
or to enable the port and wait for interrupts. The
pull-up resistors on RXA and CLKA prevent spurious data reception that might take place if the pins
floated.
If the clocked serial mode is used, the serial port can
be driven by having two toggling lines that can be
driven and one line that can be sensed. This allows
a conversation with a device that does not have an
asynchronous serial port but that has two output signal lines and one input signal line.
The line TXA (also called PC6) is zero after reset if
the cold-boot mode is not enabled. A possible way
to detect the presence of a cable on the programming port is for the cable to connect TXA to one of
the SMODE pins and then test for the connection by
raising PC6 and reading the SMODE pin after the
cold-boot mode has been disabled.
RabbitCore RCM2200
Once you establish that the programming port will
never again be needed for programming, it is possible to use the programming port for additional I/O
lines. Table C–1 lists the pins available for this
alternate configuration.
Table C–1: RabbitCore RCM2200 Programming Port Pinout Configurations
Header J1
Pin
Pin Name
Default Use
Notes
1
RXA
2
GND
3
CLKA
4
VCC
5
RESET
6
TXA
8
STATUS
Output
9
SMODE0
Input
Must be low when
RCM2200 boots up
10
SMODE1
Input
Must be low when
RCM2200 boots up
User’s Manual
Serial Port A
Alternate Use
PC6—Input
PB1—Bitwise or parallel programmable input
Connected to reset
generator U1
Serial Port A
PC7—Output
Programming Cable
C–3
C–4
Programming Cable
RabbitCore RCM2200
Sample Circuits D
This appendix details several basic sample circuits that can be used with the
RabbitCore RCM2200 modules.
•
RS-232/RS-485 Serial Communication
•
Keypad and LCD Connections
•
Keypad and LCD Connections
•
D/A Converter
User’s Manual
Sample Circuits
D–1
D.1
RS-232/RS-485 Serial Communication
RS-232
1
RabbitCore
RCM2200
V+
V–
C1+
100 nF
J4
3
C1–
4
C2+
5
C2–
VCC
100 nF
2
6
100 nF
100 nF
3
PC0
11
T1IN
4
PC1
12
R1OUT
5
PC2
10
T2IN
6
PC3
9
3
PC0
4
D
4
PC1
1
R
R2OUT
T1OUT
14
TXD
R1IN
13
RXD
T2OUT
7
TXC
R2IN
8
RXC
RabbitCore
RCM2200
J4
10
PD3
47 kW
3
2
RS-485
VCC
680 W
DE
A
6
B
7
485+
220 W
485–
680 W
RE
SP483EN
Figure D–1: Sample RS-232 and RS-485 Circuits
Sample Program: PUTS.C in SAMPLES/RCM2200.
D–2
Sample Circuits
RabbitCore RCM2200
D.2
Keypad and LCD Connections
RabbitCore
RCM2200
J5
VCC
10 kW
resistors
PB0
PB2
PB3
PB4
PB5
10
11
12
13
14
J4
Keypad
Row 0
Row 2
Row 3
Row 4
Row 5
Row 1
PC1
PD3
PD4
4
10
11
Col 0
Col 1
NC
NC
Figure D–2: Sample Keypad Connections
Sample Program: KEYLCD.C in SAMPLES/RCM2200.
RabbitCore
RCM2200
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
PA1
PA2
PA3
PA4
PA5
PA6
PA7
100 nF
680 W
3
470 W
1 kW
2.2 kW
4.7 kW
10 kW
20 kW
J5
2x20 LCD
VLC
2
6
4
5
11
12
13
14
7
8
9
10
VLC
VCC
/CS
C/D
/WR
D4
D5
D6
D7
D0
D1
D2
D3
Figure D–3: Sample LCD Connections
Sample Program: KEYLCD.C in SAMPLES/RCM2200.
User’s Manual
Sample Circuits
D–3
D.3
External Memory
The sample circuit can be used with an external 64K memory device. Larger SRAMs can be written to using
this scheme by using other available Rabbit 2000 ports (parallel ports A to E) as address lines.
SRAM
RabbitCore
RCM2200
A0–A3
A0–A3
D0–D7
D0–D7
/WE
/OE
/CE
/IOWR
/IORD
PE7
10 kW
Vcc
Figure D–4: Sample External Memory Connections
Sample Program: EXTSRAM.C in SAMPLES/RCM2200.
D–4
Sample Circuits
RabbitCore RCM2200
D.4
D/A Converter
The output will initially be 0 V to -10.05 V after the first inverting op-amp, and 0 V to +10.05 V after the second inverting op-amp. All lows produce 0 V out, FF produces 10 V out. The output can be scaled by changing the feedback resistors on the op-amps. For example, changing 5.11 kΩ to 2.5 kΩ will produce an output
from 0 V to -5 V. Op-amps with a very low input offset voltage are recommended.
HC374
649 kW
22 pF
22 pF
5.11 kW
10 kW
–
10 kW
324 kW
162 kW
CT0–CT7
PA0–PA7
20 kW
+5 V
PE4
E
V+ > 12 V
V– < –12 V
4.99 kW
5.11 kW
47 kW
CLK
1.19 kW
Vo
10 kW
+5 V
47 kW
+
80.6 kW
40.2 kW
–
+
PE2
Figure D–5: Sample D/A Converter Connections
User’s Manual
Sample Circuits
D–5
D–6
Sample Circuits
RabbitCore RCM2200
External Interrupts E
Appendix E provides information about using the RabbitCore RCM2200
external interrupts.
The Rabbit 2000 microprocessor has four external
interrupt inputs on Parallel Port E, which is accessed
through pins PE0, PE1, PE4, and PE5 on header J4.
Table E–1 lists the general-purpose Parallel Port E
I/O pins that can be used for external interrupts.
Figure E–1 illustrates these pins.
30
29
PE0
I/O or INT0A
PE1
I/O or INT1A
PE4
I/O or INT0B
Table E–1: Rabbit 2000 Parallel Port E Interrupts
Pin
Default Use
PE0
PE1
PE4
PE5
Alternate Use
INT0A input
GeneralPurpose
I/O
INT1A input
INT0B input
INT1B input
24
23
PE5
I/O or INT1B
Figure E–1: Rabbit 2000 Interrupt Pins
User’s Manual
External Interrupts
E–1
E.1
Use of External Interrupts
Figure E–2 shows a block diagram of how the Rabbit 2000 external interrupt logic is used in general.
INT1A
INT1B
29
Interrupt Request #1
23
Edge
Detectors
INT0A
INT0B
30
Interrupt Request #0
24
Figure E–2: Rabbit 2000 External Interrupt Logic
Interrupts on the Rabbit 2000 can take place at three
priority levels from low to high priority, and are
numbered 1, 2 and 3. Each on-chip device, including the two external interrupts, can be assigned a
priority at which interrupts will take place. For interrupts that have been assigned the same programmed priority, there is an implicit priority with
external interrupt #1 having the highest priority,
external interrupt #0 the second highest, and the
remaining on-chip devices having lower priorities in
the order specified in Section 7.8, “Rabbit Interrupt
Structure,” in the Rabbit 2000 User’s Manual.
The two independent interrupts are generated by
inputs to the four pins shown in Figure E–2. Each
pin is connected to an edge detector that can be configured under program control to detect rising
edges, falling edges, or both. These same pins, a
part of parallel port E, support alternate functionality as reflected in Table E–1.
When the edge detector detects the rising or falling
edge that it is programmed to detect, it sets a flipflop that drives the output of the edge detector. The
flip-flop should be cleared automatically when the
interrupt takes place.
Instead, the flip-flop may be cleared spuriously
because a different, lower priority, interrupt occurs
nearly simultaneously (during an 8-clock window)
with the occurrence of the edge that sets the flipflop. This results in a lost interrupt.
Or the flip-flop might not be cleared when the interrupt takes place if a different, higher priority, interrupt is being requested nearly simultaneously
(during an 8-clock window) with the occurrence of
the external interrupt. This results in a spurious
interrupt after the first interrupt because the interrupt
request was not cleared.
In either case, precautions need to be taken if an
interrupt request transitions during a short time
period 8 clocks long. These sequences are shown
schematically in Figure E–3.
Ext Interrupt Req ff
8-clock window
Spurious clear of interrupt request ff
Different lower priority interrupt
(e.g., serial port) takes place
LOST INTERRUPT
Different higher priority interrupt is
requested during 8-clock window
Ext Interrupt Req ff
External Interrupt
takes place
Request ff fails to be cleared
Spurious interrupt
results
SPURIOUS INTERRUPT
Figure E–3: Interrupt Sequences with
Lost or Spurious Interrupts
E–2
External Interrupts
RabbitCore RCM2200
E.2
Single-Interrupt Request
Tie the inputs for external interrupt #1 and #0
together by adding a 1 kΩ resistor between the two
lines. Under this configuration, shown in Figure E–
4, both interrupt #1 and #0 will be requested when
an edge is detected. The #1 interrupt will take place
first since it is of a higher priority.
Interrupt Request
Interrupt Request #1
INT1A
1 kW
INT0A
Edge
Detectors
Interrupt Request #0
result of programming one of the on-chip peripheral interrupts to have a higher interrupt priority.
This could be the case, for example, if the external
interrupts are programmed to have priority 1, and
one of the serial port interrupts is programmed to
have priority 2. Spurious interrupts can always be
eliminated by programming both external interrupts
to have a priority equal to the highest priority used
for another device. The priority can be reduced on
entry to the service routine to avoid blocking the
true high-priority interrupts. External interrupt #1
cannot cause interrupt #0 to have a spurious interrupt or vice versa. In some cases, spurious interrupts
may not disturb function, but the fix is so simple
that it is not usually worth the trouble to analyze this
possibility.
Figure E–4: RabbitCore RCM2200 Configuration
for Single-Interrupt Request
E.3
The interrupt service routine for interrupt #1 should
ignore the interrupt. The actual service routine will
be the service routine for interrupt #0. If an interrupt
is lost, it will always be #1 and never #0. The 1 kΩ
resistor delays the edge slightly so that interrupt #1
is guaranteed to be latched earlier or simultaneously
with interrupt #0. It is important that the programmed
priority of interrupt #1 be higher than or equal to the
programmed priority of interrupt #0. Normally they
should be equal.
Spurious interrupts, which occur because of a failure to clear the request latch, are a possibility only if
there are other interrupts of higher priority than
external interrupt #1 and #0. These can only be the
User’s Manual
OR’ed Interrupt Request
Tie the inputs for external interrupt #1 and #0
together by adding a 1 kΩ resistor. This configuration is shown in Figure E–5.
OR'ed Interrupt
Request
INT1A
Interrupt Request #1
INT1B
1 kW
INT0A
OR'ed Interrupt
Request
INT0B
Edge
Detectors
Interrupt Request #0
1 kW
Figure E–5: RabbitCore RCM2200 Configuration
for OR’ed Interrupt Request
External Interrupts
E–3
E–4
External Interrupts
RabbitCore RCM2200
Index
A
additional information
Getting Started manual ..... 1-2
online documentation ....... 1-3
references ......................... 1-3
B
backup-battery circuit .......... 2-7
external battery connections ........................ 2-7
battery life ............................ 2-7
battery-backup circuit .......... 2-8
reset generator .................. 2-8
VRAM switch .................. 2-8
bus loading .......................... A-5
C
clock doubler ........................ 2-7
conformal coating ............... A-9
D
Development Kit .................. 1-2
digital I/O ............................. 2-1
I/O buffer sourcing and sinking
limits ........................... A-8
memory interface ............. 2-2
User’s Manual
SMODE0 ..........................2-6
SMODE1 ..........................2-6
digital inputs .........................2-2
digital outputs .......................2-2
Dynamic C ...........................3-1
compile in flash memory or RAM
option ...........................3-2
libraries .............................3-3
operating system framework 3-2
upgrades and patches ........3-5
use ....................................3-2
E
Ethernet port .........................2-5
pinout ................................2-5
external interrupts ............... E-1
OR’ed interrupt request ... E-3
single-interrupt request .... E-3
use ................................... E-2
F
features ..........................1-1, 1-2
I
I/O buffer sourcing and sinking limits ................................. A-8
M
manuals ................................1-2
P
physical mounting ...............A-5
pin 1 locations .....................A-3
pin configurations .................2-3
programming port ............ C-3
pinout
Ethernet port .....................2-5
programming cable .......... C-2
programming port ............ C-2
RCM2200 .........................2-2
pinout configurations ...........2-4
power supplies ..................... B-1
chip select circuit ............. B-1
Program Mode ......................2-9
switching modes ...............2-9
programming cable .............. C-1
DIAG connector .............. C-2
pinout ............................... C-2
programming port .................2-5
pin configurations ............ C-3
pinout ............................... C-2
used as diagnostic port .... C-2
1
R
Rabbit subsystems ................2-1
Run Mode .............................2-9
switching modes ...............2-9
S
sample circuits .....................D-1
serial communication ...........2-5
serial ports ............................2-5
Ethernet port .....................2-5
programming port .............2-5
software
I/O drivers .........................3-3
libraries .............................3-3
RS232.LIB ....................3-3
TCP/IP ..........................3-4
sample programs ...............3-4
PONG.C ........................3-4
RCM2200 .....................3-4
TCPIP ...........................3-4
serial communication drivers 3-3
TCP/IP drivers ..................3-4
2
specifications .......................A-1
bus loading .......................A-5
digital I/O buffer sourcing and
sinking limits ...............A-8
dimensions .......................A-2
electrical, mechanical, and environmental .....................A-3
header footprint ................A-5
headers .............................A-5
physical mounting ............A-5
pin 1 locations ..................A-3
Rabbit 2000 DC characteristics
A-7
Rabbit 2000 timing diagram A-6
relative pin 1 locations .....A-5
subsystems
digital inputs and outputs . 2-1
switching modes .................. 2-9
RabbitCore RCM2200
Schematics
The following schematics are included for user reference:
090–0120
RabbitCore RCM2200 schematic
090–0122
RCM2200 Prototyping Board schematic
090–0085
Programming Cable
User’s Manual
Schematics
1
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