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1M60 Camera User’s Manual
1
1M60
DS-41-01M60
DS-42-01M60
60 fps 1k x 1k
CCD Camera
User’s Manual and Reference
Doc #: C32-10010
Rev: 01
DALSA
C32-10010-01
1M60 Camera User’s Manual
2
1M60 Camera User’s Manual Document Number C32-10010-01
© 2001 DALSA. All information provided in this manual is believed to be accurate
and reliable. No responsibility is assumed by DALSA for its use. DALSA reserves
the right to make changes to this information without notice. Reproduction of this
manual in whole or in part, by any means, is prohibited without prior permission
having been obtained from DALSA.
About DALSA
DALSA specializes in the manufacture, design, research and development of high
performance digital imaging solutions. The DALSTAR 1M60 is part of a product
line that provides the highest spatial resolution at the highest data transfer speed of
any known products in the industry. DALSA’s image sensors and cameras are used
worldwide in document scanning, image capture, surveillance, process monitoring
and manufacturing inspection. DALSA also develops customized products for
specific customers and applications.
All DALSA products are manufactured using the latest state-of-the-art equipment to
ensure product reliability.
DALSTAR refers to all DALSA area scan products.
For further information not included in this manual, or for information on DALSA’s
extensive line of image sensing products, please contact us.
DALSA Sales Offices
DALSA
DALSA
DALSA
Waterloo
Europe
Asia Pacific
605 McMurray Rd
Waterloo, ON N2V 2E9
Canada
Tel: 519 886 6000
Fax: 519 886 8023
www.dalsa.com
[email protected]
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D-82194 Gröbenzell (Munich)
Germany
Tel: +49 - 8142 – 46770
Fax: +49 - 8142 – 467746
www.dalsa.com
[email protected]
Space G1 Building, 4F
2-40-2 Ikebukuro
Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-0014
Japan
Tel: +81 3 5960 6353
Fax: +81 3 5960 6354
www.dalsa.com
[email protected]
DALSA Worldwide Operations
DALSA
DALSA
DALSA
DALSA
DALSA
Waterloo
Colorado Springs
Tucson
Europe
Asia Pacific
605 McMurray Rd
Waterloo, ON N2V 2E9
Canada
Tel: 519 886 6000
Fax: 519 886 8023
www.dalsa.com
[email protected]
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Colorado Springs, CO 80919
USA
Tel: 719 599 7700
Fax: 719 599 7775
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Tucson, AZ 85713-5245
USA
Tel: 520 791 7700
Fax: 520 791 7766
www.med-optics.com
[email protected]
Breslauer Str. 34
D-82194 Gröbenzell (Munich)
Germany
Tel: +49 - 8142 – 46770
Fax: +49 - 8142 – 467746
www.dalsa.com
[email protected]
Space G1 Building, 4F
2-40-2 Ikebukuro
Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-0014
Japan
Tel: +81 3 5960 6353
Fax: +81 3 5960 6354
www.dalsa.com
[email protected]
C32-10010-01
1M60 Camera User’s Manual
3
1M60 USER’S MANUAL
Contents
1.0
INTRODUCTION TO THE 1M60 CAMERA .............................................................................. 5
CAMERA HIGHLIGHTS ................................................................................................................................ 5
Features.................................................................................................................................................. 5
Description ............................................................................................................................................. 5
Applications............................................................................................................................................ 5
1.2
IMAGE SENSOR ................................................................................................................................ 6
1.3
CAMERA PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS ....................................................................................... 7
2.0
CAMERA HARDWARE INTERFACE......................................................................................... 8
2.1
INSTALLATION OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................. 8
2.2
INPUT/OUTPUT ................................................................................................................................ 8
2.3
LED STATUS INDICATORS............................................................................................................... 9
2.4
POWER INPUT .................................................................................................................................. 9
2.5
DATA OUTPUT ............................................................................................................................... 10
Connector and Pinout........................................................................................................................... 10
Data Signals ......................................................................................................................................... 11
Data Clocking Signals .......................................................................................................................... 12
2.6
SERIAL COMMUNICATION ............................................................................................................. 12
Connector and Pinout........................................................................................................................... 12
Serial Communication Settings ............................................................................................................ 13
2.7
TTL TRIGGER INPUT AND OUTPUT ............................................................................................... 14
Connector ............................................................................................................................................. 14
2.8
INTEGRATION TIME ....................................................................................................................... 14
2.9
TIMING .......................................................................................................................................... 15
Programmed Integration ...................................................................................................................... 15
3.0
CAMERA OPERATION ............................................................................................................... 16
3.1
HOW TO CONTROL THE CAMERA................................................................................................... 16
Command Protocol Overview .............................................................................................................. 16
3.2
CONTROL REGISTER REFERENCE .................................................................................................. 17
3.3
READING THE CAMERA TYPE ........................................................................................................ 18
3.4
READING THE FIRMWARE REVISION .............................................................................................. 18
3.5
RESETTING THE CAMERA .............................................................................................................. 18
3.6
ADJUSTING GAIN........................................................................................................................... 19
3.7
ADJUSTING ANTI-BLOOMING ........................................................................................................ 19
3.8
CONTROLLING BINNING ................................................................................................................ 19
3.9
ADJUSTING USER OFFSET.............................................................................................................. 20
Reading Offset from the Camera .......................................................................................................... 21
3.10 TRIGGERING, INTEGRATION, AND FRAME RATE OVERVIEW ......................................................... 21
3.11 CONTROLLING INTEGRATION (SHUTTER TIME) ............................................................................. 22
Free Running (Programmed Integration): ........................................................................................... 23
Programmed Integration/SMA Trigger ................................................................................................ 23
Programmed Integration/Serial Trigger .............................................................................................. 24
External Integration/SMA Connector................................................................................................... 24
External Integration/Serial Connector ................................................................................................. 24
3.12 CONTROLLING FRAME RATE ......................................................................................................... 25
Free Running (Programmed Fame Rate) ............................................................................................. 25
External Trigger/SMA Connector......................................................................................................... 25
External Trigger/Serial Connector....................................................................................................... 25
DALSA
C32-10010-01
1M60 Camera User’s Manual
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
5.0
4
OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................ 26
MECHANICAL INTERFACE.............................................................................................................. 26
MECHANICAL TOLERANCES .......................................................................................................... 27
MOUNTING THE CAMERA .............................................................................................................. 27
CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................... 28
5.1
CLEANING ..................................................................................................................................... 28
Electrostatic Discharge and the CCD Sensor ...................................................................................... 28
Preventing ESD Damage...................................................................................................................... 28
Protecting Against Dust, Oil, and Scratches ....................................................................................... 29
Cleaning the Sensor Window................................................................................................................ 29
5.2
MAINTENANCE .............................................................................................................................. 29
TROUBLESHOOTING............................................................................................................................. 30
7.0
WARRANTY .................................................................................................................................. 31
7.1
LIMITED ONE-YEAR WARRANTY .................................................................................................. 31
What We Do.......................................................................................................................................... 31
What is Not Covered............................................................................................................................. 31
How to Obtain Service for Your Equipment ......................................................................................... 31
8.0
DALSA
INDEX ............................................................................................................................................. 32
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1M60 Camera User’s Manual
5
CHAPTER 1
1.0 Introduction to the 1M60 Camera
1.1 Camera Highlights
Features
ƒ
1024 x 1024 resolution, frame transfer
CCD architecture.
ƒ
60 fps four outputs at full resolution,
20 MHz data rate
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
True 12-bit digitization
ƒ
100% fill factor
High sensitivity with low dark current
Progressive scan readout
On-chip shutter
Asynchronous image capture, externally triggerable to within 2 us.
Selectable binning up to 2 x 2
Programmable operation via RS232, including gain (1x and 4x), frame rate,
offset (-2047 to +2048), binning, and triggering.
Description
The 1M60 digital camera provides high-sensitivity 12-bit images with 1k x 1k spatial
resolution at up to 60 frames per second (fps). The 1M60 is a frame transfer CCD
camera using a progressive scan CCD to simultaneously achieve outstanding
resolution and gray scale characteristics. A square pixel format and high fill factor
provide superior, quantifiable image quality even at low light levels.
Applications
The 1M60 is an outstanding performer in fast, very high resolution applications.
True 12 bit performance provides up to 4096 distinct gray levels—perfect for
applications with large interscene light variations. The low-noise, digitized video
signal also makes the camera an excellent choice where low contrast images must be
captured in challenging applications.
DALSA
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1M60 Camera User’s Manual
6
1.2 Image Sensor
Figure 1. Image Sensor Block Diagram
Table 1. Sensor Structure
7 Dark Reference
3 Isolation
1024 x 1024
Image Area
1024 Useful Pixels
3 Isolation
6 Dark Reference
1 Inactive
First
Pixel
1024 x 1024
Memory Area
Sensor characteristics
Image Zone
Pixel size
Active pixels
Total number of pixels
Dummy Lines
Dark Reference Lines
Isolation Lines
Inactive Lines
Pre-scan Elements (per Zone)
14.34 x 14.34 mm
14µm x 14µm
1024 (H) x 1024 (V)
1024 (H) x 1044 (V)
Top: 1 Bottom: 1
Top: 7 Bottom: 6
Top: 3 Bottom: 3
Top: 0 Bottom: 1
Left: 17
Table 2. Sensor Cosmetic Specifications
Type
Columns
Clusters
Pixels
Allowable
Blemishes
WHITE
Vos=0.7 Vsat
DARK
Vos=0.7Vsat
5
α > 10% Vos
|α| 10% Vos
In Darkness
(ref Vo:Average
Darkness Signal)
α >5 mV
10
α > 20% Vos
|α| 30% Vos
α>10 mV
100
α > 20% Vos
|α| 30% Vos
α>10 mV
Blemish Definition
•
•
•
•
•
•
DALSA
Pixel: Maximum Blemish area of 2x2 pixels.
Cluster: Less than 7 contiguous defects in a
column
Column: More than 7 contiguous defects in a
column
Defects measured in darkness at 25 °C
Light Source: 2854 K with BG38 filter + F/3.5
optical aperture
α: amplitude of video signal defect with
respect to mean output voltage Vos
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1M60 Camera User’s Manual
7
1.3 Camera Performance Specifications
Table 3.
1M60 Camera Performance Specifications
Physical Characteristics
Units
Resolution
Pixel Size
Pixel Fill Factor
Size
Mass
Power Dissipation
Lens Mount
Aperture
H x V pixels
µm
%
mm
kg
W
1024 x 1024
14 x 14
73.57
94x94x102
0.85
< 17
F or C mount
mm
14.34x14.34
Regulatory Compliance
Shock Immunity
Vibration Immunity
Operating Ranges
Units
Frame Rate
Data Rate
Data Format
Responsivity
Operating Temp
+15 Input Voltage
+5 Input Voltage
-5 Input Voltage
Nominal Gain Range
fps
MHz
LVDS
DN/(nJ/cm2)
°C
V
V
V
Calibration Conditions
Units
Data Rate
Frame Rate
+15 Input Voltage
+5 Input Voltage
-5 Input Voltage
Ambient Temperature
Binning
Gain
MHz
Hz
V
V
V
°C
Electro-Optical Specifications
Units
Dynamic Range
Pixel Response Non-Uniformity
System Noise
dB
%rms
DN(rms)
X
Pending
Pending
Pending
Min.
7.5
10
10
+14.925
+4.975
- 4.975
1x
Setting
20
2.75
+15
+5
- 5
25
1x1
1
Min.
Max.
110
20
12 bit
11@540 nm
45
+15.075
+5.025
- 5.025
4x
Min.
Max.
20
20
+14.925
+4.975
- 4.975
+15.075
+5.025
- 5.025
Typical
Max.
2.5
1.0
3.0
1.2
68.5
Notes:
DALSA
C32-10010-01
1M60 Camera User’s Manual
8
CHAPTER 2
2.0 Camera Hardware Interface
2.1 Installation Overview
In order to set up your camera, you should take these initial steps:
This installation overview
assumes you have not
installed any system
components yet.
1.
Power down all equipment.
2.
Following the manufacturer’s instructions, install the frame grabber (if
applicable). Be sure to observe all static precautions.
3.
Install any necessary imaging software.
4.
Before connecting power to the camera, test all power supplies. Ensure that all
the correct voltages are present at the camera end of the power cable (the Camera
Performance Specifications earlier in this document list appropriate
voltages). Power supplies must meet the requirements defined in section 2.4
Power Input.
5.
Inspect all cables and connectors prior to installation. Do not use damaged
cables or connectors or the camera may be damaged.
6.
Connect data, serial interface, and power cables.
7.
After connecting cables, apply power to the camera. The POST (power on
self test) LED on the back of the camera should glow green after one second
to indicate that the camera is operating and ready to receive commands.
2.2 Input/Output
The camera provides 12-bit LVDS data and synchronization signals through the
data output connectors. Camera functions such as frame rate, integration time,
binning, camera gain and offset are all controllable by the user via RS232 serial
port. The camera is capable of free running operation or may be triggered
externally via the input TRIGGER IN. TRIGGER OUT allows the
synchronization of shutters or illumination sources in free running or externally
triggered modes.
Figure 2. Camera Inputs/Outputs
POST
Data outputs
ON
D
A
T
A
2
D
A
T
A
1
BIN
MODE
IN
Power supply input
DALSA
LED Status indicators
OUT
P
O
W
E
R
S/N _______________
S
E
R
I
A
L
T
R
I
G
G
E
R
Trigger input & output
Serial port
C32-10010-01
1M60 Camera User’s Manual
9
2.3 LED Status Indicators
There are four LED’s visible on the rear cover of the camera that indicate the status
of the camera.
Table 4.
LED Functions
LED Label
ON
POST
BIN
Color
Green
Green
Red
LED “ON”
Camera is receiving power
Camera Power On Self Test successful
Camera is operating in a binning mode
MODE
Red
Camera is in an external trigger mode (uses
external signal to trigger image capture)
LED “OFF”
There is no camera power
Camera failed Power On Self Test
Camera is operating unbinned
(1x1)
Camera is triggering image
capture internally
2.4 Power Input
Table 5.
!
WARNING: It is
extremely important
that you apply the
appropriate voltages to
your camera. Incorrect
voltages will damage
the camera.
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Power Connector Pinout
Symbol
+5V
+5V
- 5V
+15V
NC
NC
GND
GND
+5V
- 5V
+15V
NC
NC
GND
GND
9
15
1
The camera has the following input power
requirements.
8
DB15M
(AMP Part # 747236-4
or equivalent)
V
(DC)
±%
Max
Ripple
mV
A
+15
+5
-5
0.5
0.5
0.5
<5
<5
<5
0.45
1.88
0.58
Note: Performance specifications are not
guaranteed if your power supply does not
meet these requirements.
Many high quality supplies are available
from other vendors. DALSA assumes no
responsibility for the use of these supplies.
When setting up the camera’s power supplies, follow these guidelines:
• Do not connect or disconnect cable while power is on.
• Do not use the shield on a multi-conductor cable for ground.
• Keep leads as short as possible to reduce voltage drop.
• Use high-quality linear supplies to minimize noise.
DALSA
C32-10010-01
1M60 Camera User’s Manual
10
2.5 Data Output
Data channel outputs represent the CCD per the following (Image viewed from the
front of the CCD).
A B C D
The camera back panel output connectors DATA1 and DATA2 utilize differential
LVDS signals with pin assignments as follows:
Connector and Pinout
Table 6.
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
DATA1 Connector Pinout
Symbol
DA0+
DA0DA1+
DA1DA2+
DA2DA3+
DA3DA4+
DA4DA5+
DA5DA6+
DA6Reserved
Pin
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Symbol
Reserved
DA7+
DA7DA8+
DA8DA9+
DA9DA10+
DA10DA11+
DA11DB0+
DB0DB1+
DB1-
Pin
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
Symbol
DB8DB8+
DB7DB7+
DB6DB6+
DB5DB5+
DB4DB4+
DB3DB3+
DB2DB2+
GND
Pin
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Symbol
GND
DB11DB11+
DB10DB10+
DB9DB9+
Reserved
Reserved
VSYNCVSYNC+
HSYNCHSYNC+
PIXCLKPIXCLK+
16 15
46 45
60
30
1
(Molex Part #
70928-2000
or equivalent)
NC = No Connect. These pins are unused.
DALSA
31
C32-10010-01
1M60 Camera User’s Manual
Table 7.
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
!
11
DATA2 Connector Pinout
Symbol
DC0+
DC0DC1+
DC1DC2+
DC2DC3+
DC3DC4+
DC4DC5+
DC5DC6+
DC6Reserved
Pin
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Symbol
Reserved
DC7+
DC7DC8+
DC8DC9+
DC9DC10+
DC10DC11+
DC11DD0+
DD0DD1+
DD1-
Pin
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
Symbol
DD8DD8+
DD7DD7+
DD6DD6+
DD5DD5+
DD4DD4+
DD3DD3+
DD2DD2+
GND
Pin
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Symbol
GND
DD11DD11+
DD10DD10+
DD9DD9+
Reserved
Reserved
VSYNCVSYNC+
HSYNCHSYNC+
PIXCLKPIXCLK+
16 15
46 45
60
Data Signals
IMPORTANT:
This camera uses the
falling edge of the
pixel clock to register
data.
Data Signal Definition
Signal
D*0+, D*0D*1+, D*1D*2+, D*2D*3-D*10+,- etc.
D*11+, D*11-
Description
Data bit 0 true and complement--Output. (Least significant bit)
Data bit 1 true and complement--Output.
Data bit 2 true and complement--Output.
Etc.
Data bit 11 true and complement--Output. (Most significant bit)
Digitized video data is output from the camera as LVDS differential signals using
two Molex 60-pin connectors on the rear panel (labeled “DATA1” and “DATA2”).
The data is synchronous and is accompanied by a pixel clock and clocking signals.
Note: Data frequency is dependent on binning mode. Reference section 3.10 –
Triggering, Integration, and Frame Rate Overview.
DALSA
30
1
(Molex Part #
70928-2000
or equivalent)
WARNING. Care must be taken when connecting Data cables to the camera to insure
proper connection and to prevent damage to the connector.
Table 8.
31
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1M60 Camera User’s Manual
12
Data Clocking Signals
Table 9.
Clock Signal Descriptions
Signal
PIXCLK+, PIXCLK-
HSYNC+, HSYNC-
VSYNC+, VSYNC-
Description
Pixel clock true and complement. 20MHz (unbinned) -- Output.
Data is valid on the falling edge. Note that data and PIXCLK frequency is
dependent on binning mode. Reference section 3.10 – Triggering,
Integration, and Frame Rate Overview
Horizontal sync, true and complement--Output.
HSYNC high indicates the camera is outputting a valid line of data. The
number of valid lines in a frame depends on binning mode. Reference section
3.10 – Triggering, Integration, and Frame Rate Overview.
Vertical sync, true and complement--Output.
VSYNC high indicates the camera is outputting a valid frame of data.
2.6 Serial Communication
Connector and Pinout
The serial interface provides control of frame rate, integration time (shuttering),
video gain and offset, pixel binning, external trigger and external integration (for
information on how to control these functions, see “Operating the Camera” later in
this document). The remote interface consists of a two-wire (plus ground) full duplex
RS-232 compatible serial link, used for camera configuration, and two back panel
SMA coax connectors used for external trigger input and output
The camera uses an RJ-11 telephone-style connector for
serial communications, with four conductors installed in a
six-position connector. Note that both four- and sixconductor plugs may be used interchangeably with the RJ11 jack.
GND
TXD
RXD
IMPORTANT: Both the PC/AT and the camera are configured
as “DTE” (Data Terminal Equipment) devices requiring the
TXD and RXD lines to be swapped when interconnecting
RJ-11
View into female jack
the two (note that pin 4, normally the yellow wire, is not
6-position with 4 conductors
used on the RJ-11.) That is, the TXD pin represents DATA
OUT and the RXD pin represents DATA IN on both devices, so that one device’s
TXD line must connect to the other device’s RXD line and vice-versa.
DALSA
C32-10010-01
1M60 Camera User’s Manual
13
Figure 3. 25 Pin Serial Port Connector to Camera RJ-11 Connector
Figure 4. 9 Pin Serial Port Connector to Camera RJ-11 Connector
Serial Communication Settings
The serial interface operates at RS-232 levels with fixed
parameters of 9600 baud, 1 start bit, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit,
and no parity. The interface uses only three wires, for
received data, transmitted data, and ground. In general
writing data must start with a write command byte and be
followed by a data byte. Reading a camera register
requires only a single read command byte.
!
DALSA
Serial Port Configuration
Baud
Start bits
Data bits
Stop bits
Parity
9600, fixed
1
8
1
None
WARNING: Due to initialization sequencing after power-up, no commands should be
sent to the camera for a minimum of 1 second after power up.
C32-10010-01
1M60 Camera User’s Manual
14
The remote interface connector, on the cameras rear panel, is
specified as a low-profile RJ-11 modular connector. The connector
is a 6-position model, but only the center four positions are
populated with contacts. It will mate with either the 4-position or 6position cable plugs. This type of connector typically requires
special assembly tools; complete cable assemblies are available from
suppliers such as Digi-Key:
Serial Cable Source
Digi-Key
701 Brooks Ave. South
Thief River Falls, MN 56701
1-800-344-4539
cable part number:
H2643-14-ND (14 feet)
DALSA provides serial cables in 3 lengths: 10’, 20’ and 50’. Part number CL-31-00004-xx (where xx
refers to the cable length in feet).
2.7 TTL Trigger Input and Output
Connector
The camera uses an SMA connector (labeled TRIGGER IN) to allow the user to
provide a standard TTL signal to control camera integration and readout. The input is
high impedance (>10K) allowing the user to terminate at the SMA input as needed.
The camera has another SMA connector (TRIGGER OUT) that provides a standard
TTL output which is high whenever the camera is integrating.
Figure 5. Trigger Timing Description
Min. 5 µs
TTL Trigger Input
1.5 us
+/- 0.5
Integration
2.8 Integration Time
The minimum integration time (or shutter time) is 5 µs. As with any full frame
imager, the camera will continue to integrate during read out unless externally
shuttered or strobed.
DALSA
C32-10010-01
1M60 Camera User’s Manual
15
2.9 Timing
Programmed Integration
The 1M60 pixel clock runs at 20 MHz, so each pixel clock cycle will be 1/20,000,000 or
50 ns. The following diagram and tables describe the correct timing requirements for the
1M60 camera.
Figure 6. 1M60 Timing
VSYNC
HSYNC
A
Data
B
D
C
1
2
3
F
E
C
PIXEL
CLOCK
“A”
“B”
“C”
“D”
“E”
“F”
represents the number of falling clock edges from the rising edge of VSYNC to the
rising edge of HSYNC.
represents the number of falling clock edges prior to the first word. (Pre-Scan
pixels)
represents the number of words per line.
represents the number of falling clock edges between the last word and the falling
edge of HSYNC. (Post-Scan pixels)
represents the number of falling clock edges between a falling HSYNC and a
rising HSYNC.
represents the number of falling clock edges from the falling edge of HSYNC to
the falling edge of VSYNC
Table 10. HSYNC Pixel Timing
IMPORTANT:
This camera uses
the falling edge of
the pixel clock to
register data.
Horizontal
Binning
Mode
1x
2x
B
C
D
E
F
68
42
14
12
256
128
2
1
24
15
2
1
Table 11. VSYNC Pixel Timing (HSYNC falling edges/VSYNC falling edge)
Vertical
Binning
Mode
1x
2x
DALSA
A
Pre-Scan
Lines/Frame
Active
Lines/Frame
Post Scan
Lines/Frame
10
5
1024
512
10
5
C32-10010-01
1M60 Camera User’s Manual
16
CHAPTER 3
3.0 Camera Operation
3.1 How to Control the Camera
The 1M60’s RS-232-compatible serial interface allows you to control its
configuration and operation, including:
ƒ Triggering Mode
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Binning
Integration Time
Gain
Offset
Command Protocol Overview
The camera accepts 8-bit command/value pairs via its RJ11 serial port using RS-232 compatible signals. Camera
commands are “clock” commands which apply to the
electronics that drive the image sensor. These include
clock generation, frame rate, integration time, and
binning. Each set of commands includes read and write
variants. With the exception of reset commands, all 8-bit
write commands must be followed by an 8-bit data byte.
The commands are interpreted as follows:
!
Serial Port Configuration
Baud
9600, fixed
Start bits
1
Data bits
8
Stop bits
1
Parity
None
WARNING: Any commands not listed should be considered invalid. Writing to invalid
addresses may overwrite camera calibration information, requiring the camera to be
returned for recalibration.
WARNING: Due to initialization sequencing after power-up, no commands should be sent to
the camera for a minimum of 1 second after power up.
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3.2 Control Register Reference
A number of functions and modes depend on the control register settings. These
settings are detailed in the following sections.
The “Write Control Register” command is used to write a register that controls
specific camera triggering and test functions. This command must be followed by a
data byte with bits defined as shown in the following table.
The “Read Control Register” command allows interrogation of the camera to
determine current configuration of the control register.
Table 12.
Register
Reset
Camera Type
Firmware Rev
Register 1
Control Register Bit Definitions
Write
Command
80h
NA
NA
82h
Read
Command
C3h
C5h
C2h
Bit
Function
Default
7:0
7:0
7:0
7
Resets all registers to default values
Read camera type
Read firmware revision
Integration Mode
0=Internal
1=External
Video Gain
0=1x
1=4x
Anti-Blooming
0 = Anti-Blooming Enabled
1 = Anti-Blooming Disabled
Binning Mode
0 = 1x1
1 = 2x2
Trigger Mode
0=Internal
1=External
Shutter Control
000 = None (Frame Rate Controlled)
100 = 8 ms (1/125)
101 = 4 ms (1/250)
110 = 2 ms (1/500)
111 = 1 ms (1/1000)
User Offset MS Byte (Bits 11-4 of 12 bits)
Serial Trigger (If Integrate mode=1)
Frame Rate
000 = 60 fps
001 = 30 fps
010 = 15 fps
011 = 7.5 fps
100 = 110 fps (2x2 binninf only)
Pixel Offset LS nibble
NA
02h
NA
0
6
5
4
3
2:0
Register 2
Register 3
84h
88h
C4h
C8h
7:0
7
6:4
3:0
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3.3 Reading the Camera Type
This read command returns an 8-bit value unique to the type of camera interrogated.
A 1M60 will return a value of 02h when this command is issued. This is useful for
applications that need to function with multiple DALSTAR camera types.
Example: Read the camera type
Binary
Hex
Command
1100 0011
C3h
Value Returned (1M60)
0000 0010
02h
3.4 Reading the Firmware Revision
This command returns a byte in which the lower nibble is the revision number for the
clock board firmware and the upper nibble is undefined. The ability to read this
value may assist in customer support issues.
Example: Read the firmware version
Binary
Hex
Command
1100 0101
C5h
3.5 Resetting the Camera
This is the only “write” command that is not followed by a data byte. This command
resets all clock board registers to their default values (the values used at power-up).
Table 13.
Default values in effect after reset
Feature
Frame Rate (fps)
Integration Time (ms)
Resolution (pixels)
Video Gain
Binning Mode
Pixel Offset
Triggering
Integration Control
Data Rate (MHz)
1M60 Default
60
15.8
1024 x 1024
1x
1x1
0
INTERNAL
INTERNAL
20
Example
Use this command to reset the camera:
Command
Value
Binary
1000 0000
Hex
80h
-
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3.6 Adjusting Gain
Bit [6] of register 1 is the Video Gain control bit. When this bit=0 the video channel
gain=1x. When this bit =1, the video channel gain=4x.
Example
Use this command to set the gain to 4x:
Command
Value
Binary
1000 0010
*1** ****
Hex
82h
**h
Note: The register containing the Gain bit also controls other configuration data. All
bits must be set appropriately.
Note: At any gain setting, the CCD imager is still subject to blooming when it is over
illuminated. To remedy over illumination, reduce the integration time or select a
higher f-stop value
3.7 Adjusting Anti-Blooming
Bit [5] of register 1 is the Anti-Blooming control bit. When this bit=0 anti-blooming
is enabled. When this bit = 1, anti-blooming is disabled.
Example
Use this command to disable Anti-Blooming
Command
Value
Binary
1000 0010
**1* ****
Hex
82h
**h
Note: The register containing the Anti-Blooming bit also contains other
configuration data. All bits (*) must be set appropriately.
Note: At any gain setting, the CCD imager is still subject to blooming when it is over
illuminated. To remedy over illumination, reduce the integration time or select a
higher f-stop value
3.8
Controlling Binning
Binning increases the camera’s light sensitivity by decreasing horizontal and vertical
resolution—the charge collected by adjacent pixels is added together.
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Example: 2x2 Binning
More charge
=
brighter pixel
q3
q1
q4
q1
+
q2
+
q3
+
q4
q2
2
a
a
Normal image
Binned image
1
Charge in
Charge binned:
4 adjacent pixels 1 pixel output
The 1M60 is capable of 2x2 binning. Bit [4] of register 1 is the Binning control bit.
When this bit=0 the camera is in standard 1x1 mode. When this bit = 1, the camera
will operate with 2x2 binning.
Example: Setting the camera to 2x2 binning mode
Binary
Hex
Command
1000 0010
82h
Value
**** 1***
**h
Note: When the camera is in 2x2 binning mode, the BIN LED on the right side of
the rear cover will be illuminated.
Note: The register containing the Binning bit also contains other configuration data.
All bits (*) must be set appropriately.
3.9 Adjusting User Offset
User offset is adjustable from -2047 to +20478 by a 12 bit value as an MS and LS
byte. The offset data is only written when the most-significant 8 bits are written to
the MS Offset register. Therefore, the lower 4 bits should be written first to the LS
Offset register, followed by the upper 8 bits, which will cause the offset to be applied
to the pixel output.
The pixel offset data is written as a 2’s compliment number. Therefore either
positive or negative offsets can be added to the pixel output to enhance the image
contrast.
The offset value that is programmed effects the pixel offset by a ratio of about 8 to 5.
So, for that example, if an offset value of a positive 16 is entered to registers 2 and
3 the resulting pixel data will be adjusted by a positive 10.
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PIXEL OFFSET EXAMPLES.
Programmed Offset
Decimal/2’s Complement
Register 3
88 (058h)
-96 (FA0h – 2’s compliment)
152 (098h)
-2040 (808h)
X8h
X0h
X8h
X8h
Register 2
05h
FAh
09h
80h
Resulting Pixel
Offset
55 (37h)
-60 (-FC4h)
95 (5Fh)
-1275 (-4FBh)
The read user offset commands allow the user to read back this information from the
camera.
Reading Offset from the Camera
To read the offset setting from the camera, use these commands:
Read LSB
Read MSB
Binary
1100 1000
1100 0100
Hex
C8h
C4h
Note: Register 3 contains other configuration data. All bits must bet set to the
appropriate values.
3.10 Triggering, Integration, and Frame Rate Overview
Image capture triggering, integration, and frame rate are closely related.
ƒ
ƒ
Integration time can be less than 1/frame rate, but it can never be greater.
ƒ
You can program fixed integration time and supply a (asynchronous) trigger
signal to control frame rate, either by toggling a bit or by supplying a TTL pulse
on the SMA connector. This is referred to as “Programmed Integration/External
Trigger Mode.”
ƒ
You can also have the camera integrate as long as an asynchronous TTL pulse is
held high. This pulse will therefore control both integration time and frame rate.
This is also known as “External Integrate Mode.”
You can program fixed integration and frame rates (or use defaults) and let the
camera “free run.”
For a given frame rate, the maximum integration time is limited to the frame period
less an overhead factor required for proper operation of the CCD. Maximum
integration time is defined by this equation:
Max Integration Time = (1/Frame Rate) – Readout Time
This equation is valid for all binning modes, free running, external trigger and
external integrate modes.
Note that binning mode impacts the Read Time and limits Integration Time.
!
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WARNING: Do not set integration time higher than the limits of the equation above.
Unpredictable operation may result
Table 14.
Binning
1x1
2x2
Integration/Frame Rate Limits
Read out
Time (mS)
15.46
8.15
Max
Frame
Rate
60
110
Data Rate
(MHz)
20
10
Integration
Value (ms)
15.8
8.2
The default integration time was chosen to give a frame rate of 60 fps (see section
3.12 Controlling Frame Rate). Changing the integration time involves writing to the
three integration time registers.
3.11 Controlling Integration (Shutter Time)
The 1M60 allows you to control integration (also known as exposure time or shutter
time) in five ways.
ƒ
Programmed Integration/Free Running: (default) The camera free runs with
the internally programmed integration time and frame rate
ƒ
Programmed Integration/SMA Trigger: The camera will integrate for the
internally programmed time when triggered by a TTL high pulse on the SMA
connector.
ƒ
Programmed Integration/Serial trigger: The camera will integrate for the
internally programmed time when triggered by high signal on the serial
interface.
ƒ
External Integration/SMA Trigger: The camera will integrate as long as the
TTL pulse on the TRIGGER IN SMA connector is high. The integration time is
effectively the input pulse width. In this mode, TRIGGER IN also controls the
frame rate.
ƒ
External Integration/Serial Trigger: The camera will integrate as long as the
serial bit is held high. The integration time is effectively the input pulse width.
In this mode, the serial signal also controls the frame rate. Due to variation in
the host operating system, this mode is generally used only for camera setup and
functional testing.
The register settings required for each mode are defined in the following table
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Table 15.
Integration/Trigger Modes
Mode
Register 1
Bit [7]
INTEGRATE
Register 1
Bit [3]
EXT Trigger
Programmed Integration/Free Running
0
0
Programmed Integration/SMA Trigger
0
1
Programmed Integration/Serial Trigger
0
1
External Integration/SMA Trigger
1
1
External Integration/Serial Trigger
1
1
* Indicates bit state not considered
Whenever the Integrate Mode or External Trigger Mode bits are set the MODE LED
on the right side of the rear cover will light to indicate that an externally
synchronized mode is active.
Free Running (Programmed Integration):
The camera speed is controlled by selecting the integration time value in the
Integration Time register. The camera will run at maximum speed for the
programmed integration time.
Example: Set integration time to 4ms (1/250 s)
1.0 Using the command 82h, set bit [7] of the data byte to 0 (Integration Mode =
Internal), bit [3] of the data byte to 0 (Trigger Mode = Internal), and bits [2:0]
to 101.
NOTE: All bits within the register are written at one time. Ensure the correct value
for all bits are used when changing camera modes.
Binary
Hex
Write Integration LS Byte
Command
Value
1000 0010
0*** 0101
82h
*5h
Programmed Integration/SMA Trigger
For external SMA controlled triggering with a programmed integration time, a TTL
rising edge on the TRIGGER IN (or SYNC) signal triggers the camera to acquire
one frame of data. Integration begins within 2 us after the rising edge and stops when
the programmed integration time has completed. After that single frame acquisition,
the camera outputs the just acquired frame and “re-arms”, thus waiting for a new
External Trigger signal to trigger a new frame acquisition. The camera is “armed”
when the read out of the acquired frame is completed. No additional rising edges, or
triggers, should be allowed during the image acquisition or frame read out.
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Because this signal is internally OR’ed with the Serial Trigger input, care must be
taken to ensure the serial bit [7] of register 3 is equal to a logic 0 while in SMA
Trigger mode.
Programmed Integration/Serial Trigger
For external serial controlled triggering with a programmed integration time, a TTL
rising edge on bit [7] of serial register 3 triggers the camera to acquire one frame of
data. Integration begins within 2 us after the rising edge and stops when the
programmed integration time has completed. After that single frame acquisition, the
camera outputs the just acquired frame and “re-arms”, thus waiting for a new
External Trigger signal to trigger a new frame acquisition. The camera is “armed”
when the read out of the acquired frame is completed. No additional rising edges, or
triggers, should be allowed during the image acquisition or frame read out.
Because this signal is internally OR’ed with the TRIGGER IN Sync input, care must
be taken to ensure the TRIGGER IN signal is equal to a logic 0 while in Serial
Trigger mode.
External Integration/SMA Connector
When in External Integration/SMA mode, a TTL rising edge on the TRIGGER IN
(or SYNC) signal triggers the camera to acquire one frame of data. Integration
begins within 2 us after the rising edge and stops after the falling edge. After that
single frame acquisition, the camera outputs the just acquired frame and “re-arms”,
thus waiting for a new External Trigger signal to trigger a new frame acquisition.
The camera is “armed” when the read out of the acquired frame is completed. No
additional rising edges, or triggers, should be allowed during the image acquisition
or frame read out (850 us). This means in this mode TRIGGER IN necessarily
controls both integration and frame rate.
When the camera is in External Integrate Mode the red LED will light on the back
panel to indicate the camera is expecting a signal on the rear panel SMA connector.
Because this signal is internally OR’ed with the Serial Trigger input, care must be
taken to ensure the serial bit [7] of register 3 is equal to a logic 0 while in SMA
Trigger mode.
External Integration/Serial Connector
When in External Integration/Serial mode, a TTL rising edge on serial bit [7] of
register 3 triggers the camera to acquire one frame of data. Integration begins within
2 us after the rising edge and stops after the falling edge. After that single frame
acquisition, the camera outputs the just acquired frame and “re-arms”, thus waiting
for a new External Trigger signal to trigger a new frame acquisition. The camera is
“armed” when the read out of the acquired frame is completed. No additional rising
edges, or triggers, should be allowed during the image acquisition or frame read out
(850 us). This means in this mode TRIGGER IN necessarily controls both
integration and frame rate.
When the camera is in External Integrate Mode the red LED will light on the back
panel to indicate the camera is expecting a signal on the rear panel SMA connector.
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Because this signal is internally OR’ed with the TRIGGER IN Sync input, care must
be taken to ensure the TRIGGER IN signal is equal to a logic 0 while in Serial
Trigger mode.
3.12 Controlling Frame Rate
The 1M60 allows you to control frame rate in three ways.
ƒ Free Running (Programmed Frame Rate): (default) The camera free runs
with the internally programmed frame rate time and integration time.
ƒ
External Trigger/Internal Integration: The camera frame rate will be
controlled by the TTL pulse on the TRIGGER IN SMA connector. The camera
will integrate for the programmed integration time. (Reference section 3.10
Controlling Integration Mode)
ƒ
External Integration: The camera frame rate will be controlled by the TTL
pulse on the TRIGGER IN SMA connector. The camera will integrate fas long
as the pulse is held high. In this mode, TRIGGER IN also controls integration.
(Reference section 3.10 Controlling Integration Mode)
Free Running (Programmed Fame Rate)
To specify programmed frame rate, you must set bit [7] of register 1 = 0 (Integrate
Mode = Internal), and bit [3] of register 1 = 0 (Trigger Mode = Internal). Next, write
the frame rate bit value to the Frame Rate register.
Example: Set the Frame Rate to 30 fps
1.0 Reference section 3.10 Triggering, Integration, and Frame Rate Overview to
ensure the desired frame rate can be supported for the selected binning and
integration modes.
2.0 Using the command 82h, set bit [7] of the data byte to 0 (Integration Mode =
Internal), bit [3] of the data byte to 0 (Trigger Mode = Internal), and bits [2:0]
of shutter control to 000.
NOTE: All bits within the register are written at one time. Ensure the correct
value for all bits are used when changing camera modes.
3.0 Use command 88h to set bits [6:4] of control register 3 to the integration time
value 001.
Value
Binary
Hex
= 30 fps
Write Frame Rate LS Byte
Command
Value
1000 0010
0*** 0000
82h
*0h
Write Frame Rate Center Byte
Command
Value
1000 1000
*001 ****
88h
**h
External Trigger/SMA Connector
Refer to section 3.11 Controlling Integration Mode.
External Trigger/Serial Connector
Refer to section 3.11 Controlling Integration Mode.
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CHAPTER 4
4.0 Optical and Mechanical Considerations
4.1 Mechanical Interface
Figure 7. Camera Dimensions
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4.2 Mechanical Tolerances
Table 16.
Mechanical Tolerances
Additional Dimensions
Center of sensor with respect to lens mount
Planarity of lens flange to sensor
Rotation of sensor
< 0.002"
< 0.004"
< 0.2°Υ
4.3 Mounting the Camera
The 1M60 can be mounted via the3/8” deep, 1/4”-20 threaded tripod mount located
on the bottom of the camera.
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CHAPTER 5.0
5.0 Cleaning and Maintenance
5.1 Cleaning
Electrostatic Discharge and the CCD Sensor
Charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensors are metal oxide semiconductor (MOS)
devices and are susceptible to damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD). Although
many sensor pins have ESD protection circuitry, the ESD protection circuitry in
CCDs is typically not as effective as those found in standard CMOS circuits.
Electrostatic charge introduced to the sensor window surface can induce charge
buildup on the underside of the window that cannot be readily dissipated by the dry
nitrogen gas in the sensor package cavity. When charge buildup occurs, surface
gated photodiodes (SGPDs) may exhibit higher image lag. Some SGPD sensors may
also exhibit a highly non-uniform response when affected by charge build-up, with
some pixels displaying a much higher response when the sensor is exposed to
uniform illumination. The charge normally dissipates within 24 hours and the sensor
returns to normal operation.
Preventing ESD Damage
To prevent ESD damage, DALSA advises you to take the following handling
precautions.
1. Ground yourself prior to handling CCDs.
2. Ensure that your ground and your workbench are also properly grounded.
Install conductive mats if your ground or workbench is non-conductive.
3. Use bare hands or non-chargeable cotton gloves to handle CCDs. NOTE:
Rubber fingercots can introduce electrostatic charge if the rubber comes in
contact with the sensor window.
4. Handle the CCD from the edge of the ceramic package and avoid touching the
sensor pins.
5. Do not touch the window, especially in the region over the imaging area.
6. Ground all tools and mechanical components that come in contact with the
CCD.
7. DALSA recommends that CCDs be handled under ionized air to prevent static
charge buildup.
8. Always store the devises in conductive foam. Alternatively, clamps can be used
to short all the CCD pins together before storing.
The above ESD precautions need to be followed at all times, even when there is
no evidence of CCD damage. The rate which electrostatic charge dissipates
depends on numerous environmental conditions and an improper handling
procedure that does not appear to be damaging the CCDs immediately may
cause damage with a change in environmental conditions.
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Protecting Against Dust, Oil, and Scratches
The CCD window is part of the optical path and should be handled like other
optical components, with extreme care.
Dust can obscure pixels, producing dark patches on the sensor response. Dust is
most visible when the illumination is collimated. The dark patches shift position
as the angle of illumination changes. Dust is normally not visible when the
sensor is positioned at the exit port of an integrating sphere, where the
illumination is diffuse.
Dust can normally be removed by blowing the window surface using clean, dry,
compressed air, unless the dust particles are being held by an electrostatic
charge, in which case either an ionized blower or wet cleaning is necessary.
Oil is usually introduced during handling. Touching the surface of the window
barehanded will leave oily residues. Using rubber fingercots and rubber gloves
can prevent contamination. However, the friction between rubber and the
window may produce electrostatic charge that may damage the sensor. To avoid
ESD damage and to avoid introducing oily residues, only hold the sensor from
the edges of the ceramic package and avoid touching the sensor pins and the
window.
Scratches can be caused by improper handling, cleaning or storage of the
sensor. Vacuum picking tools should not come in contact with the window
surface. CCDs should not be stored in containers where they are not properly
secured and can slide against the container.
Scratches diffract incident illumination. When exposed to uniform illumination,
a sensor with a scratched window will normally have brighter pixels adjacent to
darker pixels. The location of these pixels will change with the angle of
illumination.
Cleaning the Sensor Window
1.Use clean, dry, compressed air to blow off loose particles. This step alone is
usually sufficient to clean the sensor window.
2. If further cleaning is required, use a lens wiper moistened with alcohol.
3. We recommend using lint free, ESD safe cloth wipers that do not contain
particles that can scratch the window.
4. Wipe the window carefully and slowly.
5.2 Maintenance
There are no user serviceable parts on this camera. Please contact DALSA
service.
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CHAPTER 6.0
6.0 Troubleshooting
START
NO
Verify the DC power supply and
cabling are correct by checking
voltages at the camera end of the
power cable. WARNING –
Power down the camera before
disconnecting the cables!
NO
The camera did not pass the
Power on Self Test. Power
down the camera and verify the
Serial Port and Data Port cables
are as specified in section 2.5 &
2.6. Power the camera back up.
FREE
Is the MODE
LED Illuminated
Is the ON LED
Illuminated?
Correct Triggering.
NO
YES
YES
NO
Is the POST
LED
illuminated?
Is there more than
one trigger signal?
(SMA vs. Serial)?
YES
YES
Is the MODE
LED Illuminated
EXT
FREE RUNNING
or EXTERNAL
Triggering?
YES
NO
The camera is Free Running.
Set the External Trigger bit in
the Control Registers to “1”.
NO
CONGRATULATIONS! You
now have one of the world’s best
cameras in operation!
The camera is attempting to
trigger from an external source.
Reset the External Trigger bit in
the Control Registers to “0”
YES
Did this resolve
your problem?
NO
We apologize for the difficulties.
Please contact your DALSA
technical support representative
for additional information.
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CHAPTER 7
7.0 Warranty
7.1 Limited One-Year Warranty
What We Do
This product is warranted by DALSA for one year from date of original purchase.
Please refer to your Purchase Order Confirmation for details.
What is Not Covered
This warranty does not apply if the product has been damaged by accident or misuse,
or as a result of service or modification by other than DALSA, or by hardware,
software, interfacing or peripherals not provided by DALSA. DALSA shall have no
obligation to modify or update products once manufactured. This warranty does not
apply to DALSA Software Products.
Note: if the camera has a non-standard cover glass (e.g. taped) the warranty is void
on the CCD.
How to Obtain Service for Your Equipment
If you want to return your product for repair, contact DALSA Customer Service in
order to obtain a Return Goods Authorization form. Repair cannot begin until the
form is issued, completed, and returned to DALSA
DALSA Technical Support
Phone: 519 886 6000
Fax: 519 886 8023
email: [email protected]
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1M60 CAMERA USER’S MANUAL INDEX
8.0 Index
A
About DALSA, 2
Aperture, 7
Applications, 5
B
baud, 13
BIN LED, 9
Binning, 19
C
Calibration Conditions, 7
Clocking Signals, 12
Command Protocol Overview,
16
Connector, 12, 14
connectors, 9
Connectors, 10
Control Register, 17
D
data bits, 13
Data Rate, 7
DTE, 12
Dynamic Range, 7
E
External Integrate Mode, 24, 25
F
Features, 5
Firmware Revision, 18
Frame Rate, 7, 25
DALSA
G
Gain
adjusting, 19
Gain Range, 7
H
hard reset, 18
HSYNC, 12
I
Image Sensor, 6
Image Sensor Block Diagram, 6
Installation Overview, 8
Integration Mode, 22
integration time, 21
L
LED Status Indicators, 9
M
Mass, 7
MODE LED, 9
O
Offset, 20
adjusting, 20
ON LED, 9
Operating Ranges, 7
Operating Temp, 7
Performance Specifications, 7
Physical Characteristics, 7
pinout, 9
Pinout, 10, 11, 12
PIXCLK, 12
Pixel Size, 7
POST LED, 9
Power Dissipation, 7
R
Resolution, 7
RJ-11, 12
S
Serial Communication, 12
Size, 7
Specifications, 7
start bit, 13
stop bit, 13
T
Technical Support, 31
telephone-style connector, 12
Temperature, 7
Triggering, 21
TTL Trigger, 14
V
VSYNC, 12
W
Warranty, 31
P
parity, 13
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