Download Le sacrifice comique de Valère Novarina

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« tu veux déchiffrer le hittite, mon fils, tu n’es qu’un cornichon » Queneau,
Chêne et chien. « De deux choses l’une : ou ce livre n’a pas de sens ou il est
inexplicable à notre sens. En cela, il est comme ma vie même » Shakespeare,
Cymbeline. « J’aurai chance hors du labyrinthe » Césaire, Cadastre. « sachez
que celui qui écrivit ceci n’a rien à dire mais vous emmerde » Novarina, Le
Discours aux animaux. « Si quelqu’un comprend ce que j’ai dit, c’est que je me
suis mal exprimé » Godard, Notre musique.)
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L’œuvre de Valère Novarina relègue les catégories génériques au magasin des
accessoires. Face à une langue désarticulée, une fable inexistante et un refus de
la linéarité de l’intrigue, la critique littéraire ne peut que constater l’obsolescence
de ses outils d’analyse. En effet, comment, pour la critique, formaliser une
écriture qui se veut informelle ? Comment isoler la structure d’une œuvre
relevant d’une poétique de la déstructuration ? Toute la difficulté réside là : dans
l’inadaptation des méthodes critiques […].
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Si d’aventure s’allonge le récit d’un personnage, plus il parle, plus son nom
est l’objet de dérision. Le montrent ces quelque quinze pages du « monologue
d’Adramalech » (Babil ; p. 239-254) où, significativement, la déformation du nom
éponyme (Adraméon, Ablamélion, Ablamélech, Albert Billoux, Adramélusse,
etc.) s’accompagne volontiers de reproches visant cette parole intempestive :
« Ablidalech, ton babillage m’empêche de te compter les pas ! (Babil ; p. 240) ;
« Funèbre, il rajouta : « Cause, cause, Adramélon ! » (p. 251) ; monologue enfin
16
dont L’Enfant Excellent dira qu’il fut « Tout le murmure d’Aglabadon (p. 262).
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Le trou […] donne lieu à la déclinaison comique de l’expression trou-du-cul,
sous des formes enjouées : Durèque - Troudaque -Trouduque - Trouduquets Trouducul - Peaus-ducs, et mène le cortège des vulves, fentes, failles, col, rond,
con : ainsi circule tout au long la Romantique-chanson-du-con-de-Bérie.
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Il y a en allemand des structures splendides auxquelles on ne penserait
jamais si l’on se limitait au champ linguistique de ce qu’on obtient par
une traduction « pure », si du moins cela existe […]. Prenons l’exemple
le plus connu : il y a en allemand la possibilité de former des chaînes de
substantifs là où d’autres langues sont obligées d’avoir recours à des
mots de liaison : « c’bricadron d’théâtruscule d’accumulation d’dépots des
restes des anciennes représentations des postures des anciens hommes »
dans la Lettre aux acteurs a donné un beau mot allemand bien long : dieser
Kram von Theatruskel ist nichts andres als eine Anhaufung von uber-holten
Menschenpositurenaltvorstellungsrestdepots ». Je pars du principe que si
Novarina avait été allemand il aurait vraisemblablement crée un mot trois fois
plus long !
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Hé, ma peau du cul, t’entends, te décolle pas ! […] Au secours, les poissons !…
Il fait si sombre Madame, c’est si partout décoloré, ça fait si nuit dans c’foutoir,
qu’une bête aveugle y trouverait même pas le rainé de sa voisine. (p. 342).
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Je fonce au tas, pensant naïf pouvoir l’vriller sans qu’y m’désosse. Lui m’bourre
la case, y veut me découdre. […] Il a eu l’front ! Sitôt, j’en gueule : « A moi,
natifs d’Arras ! » Y m’fait : « Goule pas, blaisiau, t’as les clapettes ! » Jouant des
deux j’lui canne une pive. Y m’fait face. « Vas-y, flanche pas » que j’me rétorque
en mon for intérieur. Y m’en fout deux. V’la l’autre qu’arrive avec la poularde
flanquée d’ses deux rosses à faire pleurer les canons. Y s’échauffe. J’m’échauffe
aussi. D’un beau plongeon morganateur, j’lui trempe une phalangekès en
plein l’trou d’l’œil, l’étiaffe d’un coup. Mince de balade ! On roule à deux dans
la fosse […] : coup de deuil, l’pitaine était là à nous épier planté derrière. Au
clou, qu’y nous a menés, à Gap. Huit jours de rat, quoi. Les deux dans la même
tanne, basse sur pattes et quatre sur trois… […] Des jours, je croyais qu’on
s’étranglerait. (p. 179).
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A farfoiner des acrocholebifes et à redevenir vert-tomate, et à ourler des
ouzebingues jusqu’à plus ras j’amentuissais à périr cabochon mes deux
jambages, plus vite possible. […]. Heureusement, par un heureux malheur, mon
beau-blince me dit d’accrebluter son louite-fauve à mes deux jorines par la
dernière des lézardées qui me restaient : me v’là donc qui trouve balza et suinton.
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Ce que je veux, c’est ton solide pancréasse, j’en ai jamais vusse comme çasse.
Ce que je veux, c’est ta cloison d’Sagoinse, pour elle j’en coince, ah oui
vraiment ! Ce que je veux, c’est ta membrane optique pourvue d’deux trous bien
sympathiques Ce que je veux, c’est ton conduit des frères Gerbault qui m’ont
toujours fait saliver l’museau Ce que je veux, c’est ta valvule pylorique dont
l’échappement est extrêmement pratique
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J’ai le corps qui s’dérobe ! L’estomac qui a très froid ! La barbaque qui s’ dérobe,
la vignolle qu’est toute folle ! Les oreilles, toutes pareilles ! Les yeux beaux, deux
en trop ! La bouche une, opportune !… Les pensées sortent du nez Ah mon
cher que c’est triste à dire d’avoir été fait pour le pire Ah mon Dieu quel grand
tourment, d’avoir été construit en temps ».
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[…] j’ai marché de N à N’, travaillé chez T’, puis poursuivi la filière F par sa
diagonale B, puis en sens inverse de U à U ; puis redenouveau de U à U, puis
redenouveau de U à U où sous l’influence I du facteur A, j’ai rencontré le
problème B, qui s’aggrava jusqu’à la fin F où j’ai plus vu la personne P. A l’hôpital
de H l’infirmière I me parla de ma mère M, de mon père P, de mon frère F, de ma
sœur S.
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ANDRE MARCON […] J’hésite à partir d’ici : j’arrive plus à mettre mes deux
pieds. Il le fait. Les plafonds sont au sommet. J’arrive plus à mettre les pieds
dans la même mentalité. J’arrive plus à mettre mes pensées en idées. Mes deux
pensées pensent chacune de son côté.
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LA GRAMMAIRE Je suis.
Elle le fait .
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Las de s’étendre, l’espace un jour fit le point sur lui-même ; le temps, alerté, lui
dit : « Sommes-nous cloués en vice-versa ? » L’espace furieux lança : « Ouinon-oui ! » Le langage survint et leur dit : « le temps n’a que trop duré. » Mais le
silence surgit et ils se turent. doubla. « Ni l’un ni l’autre n’avons de suite dans les
idées », lancèrent ses huit interlocuteurs (O.R., p. 176).
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Yvon Dionitrisérovitch Piotr, redites-nous ce que sous-entendait, dans la scène
précédente Laboriénovna Larioussev ? S’il vous plaît, ne répondez pas à sa
place, Pavlovléna Tubolévitchova… Le colonel est-il arrivé ? mais voici ce vieux
Boubachkhine ! mon Dieu, il a encore bu : Lopotkine, revenez à vous Lopotkine !
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L’écriture se veut un chantier toujours ouvert, pour lequel il faut inventer en
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relancer toujours plus les processus de maturation du texte.
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[…] sous un figuier, l’Enfant de Néré reçoit les premières gouttes de la pluie ;
sous un ormeau, l’Acteur du Monomonde respire l’air ; sous un bosquet de
bouleau, Daniel Buttay examine une branche de saule ; sous un hêtre, l’Enfant
Scapulaire ne parvient pas à se rappeler le nom de la rivière qui traverse
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Bellegarde ; sous un sapin, le petit Menu et le Mangeur Spermier sentent venir la
nuit […]
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J’ai passé une vie en occasions au collège de parturition. J’ai passé une vie
occupante .au collège sans partition J’ai passé une vie abondante, à vivre
d’occasion au Collège Pantutrique
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d’accord, dit-il en ut – j’y serai plus, dit-il en u. – Car il pensait, avec effort – n’y
être plus –dit-il en uuuu. Un soir un porc, sentant son tort, dit au cochon : Es-tu
Ci-gît ? – Dis-moi, si je dors, ou si tu signes : Jean qui dit couac
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[…] liste des passions qui seront imposées aux actions : à l’action de parler sera
imposée celle de toujours se taire, à l’action de construction celle de ruine, et à
l’action de dire quand c’est, celle de manger à l’heure qu’il est, et à celle d’être,
celle de se pendre […] Liste des châtiments infligés par ailleurs aux segments
suivants : à l’action de creuser un trou sera donné le châtiment d’en combler le
double d’un autre ; à l’action de remonter sa montre pour passer le temps sera
donné le châtiment de n’en retrouver que la moitié d’une ; à l’action de rester là
sera imposé le châtiment de plus partir ici-bas ; à l’action d’être présent celle
d’être adjacent ; à l’action de pâlir celle de pleuvoir. […] A l’action de chercher
sera imposé le châtiment d’être introuvable. […] Aux vivants sera prescrite
portion de mourir.
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Les multitudes d’étoiles, Seigneur, qui les planta au ciel sinon ta main ? Les
poissons dans la mer, Seigneur, qui les lança dans l’eau ? qui recouvrit l’écorce
sinon toi ? qui donna aux cailloux la patience de rester sur place ? qui ordonna
d’un trait au cercle qu’il soit sans commencement ni fin et qu’il tourne autour de
son centre, même immobile, sinon ton adorable main ? qui ordonna au triangle
d’avoir trois côtés, sinon toi ? qui ordonna à ma bouche de s’ouvrir ?
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UX
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J’adhère au sujet-verbe-complément. J’adhère à la vivification de la vie, j’adhère
à la visibilité de l’espace ; j’adhère à la vivisection du vide rationnel. […] J’adhère
à ma chair qui bat. J’adhère tout. […] Je m’amalgame à ton amalgame et je
m’assimile à ton adhération J’adhère aux visiportions, j’adh… […] … dhère
aux céphalées, j’adhère aux vitres. […] J’adhère à nos stations […] J’adhère
à la plupart de nos trous catastrophiques, j’adhère à l’industrie autopsienne ;
j’use les pneus des auto mélano et leuco-autopsiennes ; j’adhère aux trous de
miroirs sphériques, j’ai mal aux analgésiques ; j’adhère à l’hominisation humaine
sous toutes ses formes, grandes et petites. J’adhère à tous les mots de toutes
les langues de toutes mes forces parahumaines, posthumaines, métahumaines,
humaines-bis, péri et tri-humaines. J’adhère tout. J’adhère aux Peugeot, Ford,
Nissan, j’adhère à Jean-Claude Decaux, j’adhère au boulevard Napoléon Blanqui
à Luisi-Porça, à l’enfant de Luisi-Porça, à Bénédict Vindict au corsage noir.
J’adhère à la certitude d’habiter Vie sur la vie, j’adhère à Lousipôk-Whisipok. La
vie, oui à la vie ! Adam est un adhérent : tout lui va bien.
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-0-%"('*f*a,%"%6,E*<%&%5*0,*N0,>6,4^E*#9*"%*F6,(*=6'*'d/*(&0-=%&*D*96*=6((%*"0$6&#"#%""%
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=,>9#5#(6#&%'*[j*!"*50,=*4%*F#9E*b6*&6'',&%*kE*j*+%'*5050(#%&'*'0"(*6&&#$)'*k^E*,"*j*50""6&4
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?,#E*'0,'*9%*&6==0&(*4%*96*4#$%&'#()*56&"6$69%'?,%E*4%*96*F6"(6#'#%*%(*4%'*%FF%('*4%*',&=&#'%E
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UT
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9#5%"'%'\>/H"5H"4\1SA\F&\^*H*2;!+_K*23#%&&/*H*!"#$%&'#()*+/0"*1*H*1A@A
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QA
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;"* =0,&&6#(* %"50&%* &%-6&?,%&* ?,%* M0$6&#"6* "0,'* =&0=0'%* =6&* -0-%"('* 4%'* '0&(%'
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QA
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UU
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9#5%"'%'\>/H"5H"4\1SA\F&\^*H*2;!+_K*23#%&&/*H*!"#$%&'#()*+/0"*1*H*1A@A
,%&-*")242"%&"#5231%&'%&6*$7)%&8#9*)2/*
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La dramatisation coagule en moments et en zones : les « rosaces » de La Chair
de l’homme ou les « actes » de L’Origine rouge ouvrent une forêt de lieux
communs ; on y retrouve la liturgie, la Cène , la pastorale, espaces frénétiques
et successifs où tout va plus vite, sans idée de la direction ou des raisons d’agir.
On bascule d’un espace dans l’autre sans qu’il y ait là progrès ou nécessité
narrative : le drame consiste en une topographie dynamique qui se stabilise à
chaque fois autour d’un motif, d’une obsession, d’un acte de parole : scène des
31
« prières », scène des « visions », scène des slogans….
:&%FE*'#*9%*-0(*:&;&:$80*[?,#*50"'#'(%*40"5*46"'*96*=0''#>#9#()*4%*=6''%&*4d,"*"#$%6,*f*,"
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Q1
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4)$%&'%-%"(*%(*$6],%'*D*9%'*'5."%'*'d)>0,96"(*9%'*,"%'*46"'*9%'*6,(&%'*c*9d,"%*5)46"(*f*96
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5&#-%&*%'(*50"'(&,5(#F^E*5%96*50"5%&"6"(*,"*"0->&%*(&.'*#-=&%''#0""6"(*4%*=6]%'*q*"%*5#(0"'
?,%*96*=6]%*@T1*D
Le Danseur Clysto crime l’Homme de Où, naissance de l’homme de Sept. Le
Cycliste crime Jean Les Coqs, naissance du Docteur Perpétral. Amédée Boschetti
crime l’Ouvrier du Mond, naissance de l’Homme Amné. Ermemond vrime
l’Amboléon Borché, naissance de l’Ambulancier Jamblique, Le Très Haut crime
le Tronçon Vernicien, naissance de l’Enfant Valère. Le Douanier Dogan crime
l’Amboléon de Potard, naissance de la Terre de Terre. Le Douairier Doguignon
crime le Danseur Clystorion, naissance de l’Homme de Millimond. Trou Vocassin
crime l’Homme de Pothaire, naissance du Jongleur Roudul. Le Chien de Bonderie
crime l’Enfant Amné, naissance du Professeur de Pont. Picardy crime le Docteur
Turban, naissance du Sabreur Mercique. L’Homme de Bron crime le Musicien du
Bas, naissance de l’Eléphantier Véro. L’Enfant Moteur crime le Danseur Trouique,
naissance du Strangleur Véro. L’Homme de Ludre crime ambère Dublique,
naissance du Tétrassier Véro. Mambron Sadret crime le Sourcier de Chair,
naissance du Vapeur Ricardon. Ludus crime le Docteur des Matières, naissance
de l’Enfant d’Albon. Chudul crime le Planéticien, naissance du Vocassier. (D.V., p.
162).
31
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L’antépositif s’accorde en nombre au genre de la préposition que son verbe
complémente ; au mode équilatif, tant qu’au dépréciatif, le régime du sujet reste
blanc. Dites les six modes qui sont : L’optionnel, le didactif, le subodoratif,
l’injonctif, l’inactif, le dodécationnel. Séparatif est le mode de séparation ;
l’optionnel est le mode de l’option. Seize temps sont quand il en est encore
temps : le présent lointain, le futur avancé, l’inactif présent, le désactif passé, le
plus-que-présent, son projectif passé, le passé postérieur, le pire que passé, le
jamais possible, le futur achevé, le passé terminé, le possible antérieur, le futur
postérieur, le plus-que-perdu, l’achevatif, l’attentatif. (V.Q., p. 19).
QQ
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N’avons-nous pas besoin d’un nombre infini de temps et de modes grammaticaux
nouveaux, aussi variés que les possibilités rhétoriques que l’on redécouvre
aujourd’hui grâce à la linguistique théorique ? Ces aberrations révèlent la folie
de l’imagination, la manifestation des différences in extremis. Chaque monstre
vocal ayant une structure totalement idiosyncrasique, de nouveaux modèles
grammaticaux, rhétoriques et poétiques sont nécessaires pour décrire ces modes
discursifs irréguliers, excentriques, hétéromorphes.
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J’ai véviendu ; je voluiri ; nous vorinsses : il abafallu que nous visîmes…
Que je vinque ou que tu vévoluisses, nous visûmes peu : non-non-non, nous
ne volindrûmes plus vilissuir ! mais il vélinzivolu voudre ce que nous nous
vilainssions qu’il vile… Lorsque nous vélinssu ce que tu vinzules, nous
ne sapûmes d’aucune façon ce qu’il véluvissait visiendre de ce que nous
vévoulûmes : nous voluivicissions fuir tout ce que l’ombre de nous-mêmes
voudrasse.
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[…] me voilà, avec ma barbe blanche, assis parmi les enfants, disant n’importe
quoi, de peur d’être frappé. Je mourrai en sixième, chargé d’ans et de pensums
[…] Elève Mahood, pour la vingt-cinq millième fois, qu’est-ce qu’un mammifère ?
[…] Elève Mahood, répète après moi, L’homme est un mammifère supérieur […]
qu’est-ce que ça pouvait bien lui foutre, à l’élève Mahood, que l’homme fût ceci
plutôt que cela ?
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Quel a été, à chacun d’entre nous, notre premier mot ? Le mien, je ne sais pas ,
mais je sais celui de mon fils Virgile : « dido » (rideau). Le mien, c’est peut-être
« rideau » aussi.
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Lapus […], enfant, creusa le corps d’une aubergine, la mit sur un muret avec
une flamme dedans puisattendis sans bouger. Alors je posa une bougie dans la
courge […] et je prononça sans fin le mot « ourigie » jusqu’à voir Dieu et je vis le
monde entier finir comme une courge.
VA
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4d0g/-0(^*D
Drôle dans notre contexte comme dans le leur Les Arcaniens d’Aristophane,
Le Dr Faustroll de Jarry, La Résistible ascension de Brecht ou L’île pourpre de
Boulgakov, Le Babil des classes dangereuses de Novarina, titre générique de
sa langue à l’œuvre, sa langue en cours, se place sous le signe de l’enfance,
des classes sociales mais d’abord scolaires, du babil enfantin dont Jacobson,
dans Langage enfantin et aphasie, rappelle qu’il a partie liée avec l’impossibilité
d’énoncer (au point que ces trois mots du titre, rapporté à la fameuse étymologie
de l’infans, n’en font qu’un) : d’emblée, les « parlages vides de sens, les labils
ème
vides de Novarina s’inscrivent dans la Poësie, assurément, au sens du XVII
siècle, non dans un genre littéraire mais dans la langue même, renouant avec un
axe peu fréquenté des Belles-Lettres, le « bébé babil » de Joyce dans Anna Livia
Plurabelle, le « babil du sens » de Barthes dans S/Z, le « babil ou le dialogue »
de Leclaire, sinon le mystérieux « babil effilé » de Corneille dans La Comédie
des Tuileries : parce qu’une œuvre réinvente ses devanciers elle chamboule
nos bibliothèques (babil étant l’anagramme de bibal, comme disent les rats
de bibliothèque) et confond la langue -Tour de Babel en « tour de Babil » de
Piersens.
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Je pense à la langue de Céline qui a commencé elle aussi d’abord par être une
douleur d’enfant. Une panique inconsolable qui ne triomphe des monstres que
par les voies de l’écriture. Céline fidèle aux craquements des mots sous la dent, à
la fluidité du verbe dans la salive, a pratiqué avec génie la vitupération exorbitée,
comme si la conjuration de son désespoir n’avait d’issue qu’excrémentielle. Il
s’est exclu du salut parce qu’il ne savait plus saluer. Novarina me semble parfois
l’une des plus pures réponses à l’infamie de ce siècle […]. Il ne prend la parole
que pour la donner. Son écriture n’est ni production, ni excrétion, elle est une
geste.
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Questions : a. Quel type de traitement le langage subit-il dans chacun des trois
textes proposés ? Mettez en évidence les points communs et les différences. b.
Selon vous, quelles sont les intentions respectives de chacun des trois auteurs ?
Les textes 2 et 3 vous semblent-ils tendre au même objectif que le texte 1 ?
Justifiez vos réponses par des éléments précis. Travail d’écriture Commentaire :
Vous ferez un commentaire du texte 3. Vous insisterez notamment sur les formes
prises par la déconstruction du langage et vous analyserez de quelle façon elles
provoquent un rire qui invite à la réflexion. Dissertation : Le langage est-il, selon
vous, la matière première du comique ? Vous répondrez à cette question en un
développement composé et argumenté, en prenant appui sur le corpus mis à
votre disposition, sur les œuvres que vous avez étudiées en classe et sur vos
lectures personnelles. […]
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Un morceau de littérature s’offre à nous comme le bœuf en effigie chez le
boucher : gîte à la noix, macreuse, tendron, contre-filet, second talon, bavette,
flanchet, échine et jambonneau… Un morceau de texte est là comme cadavre
sur la page, ouvert et prêt à être décortiqué… [...] Devant le cadavre – la page
arrachée au livre et que l’on épingle, devenue un objet étale et fléché – livré aux
Sciences de la Communication, élèves et professeurs deviennent médecins
légistes. Tout le monde est rassemblé et les instruments sont prêts pour que
s’ouvre une leçon de Littérature légale.
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La philosophie anomique de Valère Novarina est un peu ce qu’est l’Art brut à l’art
académique. C’est aussi le cas de son art graphique qu’il ne faut jamais dissocier
de sa démarche d’écrivain. C’est un théâtre total que, là, nous pouvons entrevoir.
Pas celui de Wagner. Plutôt celui dont rêvait Wöfli. Une philosophie d’artiste, un
art de philosophe - l’un et l’autre, « plus ou moins coiffés de grelots », selon la
belle expression de Dubuffet.
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Le désir d’infléchir, en fait de transformer, l’écriture en utilisant des formes
vocales quotidiennes transcrites phonétiquement a amené Dubuffet à créer ce
qu’il a appelé son « jargon », ses « frénésies », des textes littéraires tel que LER
DLA CANPANE ANVOUAIAJE ET LABONFAM ABEBER LER DLA CAMPANE
(« l’air de la campagne »), par exemple, commence ainsi : SQON NAPELE LEPE
ISAGE SAVEDIR LA CANPANE IARIIN QI MANBETE COMSA LACANPANE » (Ce
qu’on appelle le paysage, ça veut dire la campagne, il n’y a rien qui m’embête
comme ça la campagne). Cette procédure - qui apparaît clairement dans les
premiers exemples de littérature française, comme Le serment de Strasbourg, et
qui est très valorisée dans les écrits allant de Rabelais à Céline, trouve également
46
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[…] accordéoniste, flûtiste, joueur de tuba ou de saxophone, tout ce qui vibre est
propice à la musique d’Hermeto Pascoal qui n’hésite pas non plus à s’emparer de
matériel de récupération, tubes en plastique ou pièces de ferraille, pour faire de
la musique, lorsqu’il n’enregistre pas en compagnie d’un troupeau de cochons !
Pour Hermeto, musique et vie quotidienne ne font qu’un. […] chaque journée
est l’occasion de découvrir de nouveaux alliages sonores qui constitueront ce
folklore inventé de toutes pièces par le maître et ses musiciens à partir de vieilles
racines nordestines.
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Outrés par ma stupidités, en Australie équatoriale ils remenacent de m’expédier !
Fin fond du bush, avec les ours blonds et les trous kangourous qui s’ouvrent
déjà en grand à deux mois.
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La muselarde vit près des sources et se nourrit de vétrusses, elle nidifie à
l’automne et dépérit au bout de cinq ans ; le sicoptère ne se découvre que sous
les eaux après la ponte ; le buteau cherche partout ses abris ; le hûche-bûche
adulte peut atteindre un mètre à deux soixante d’envergure ; la chair de l’onfrettte
est agréable aux Piémontais qui raffolent de ces cigognes à l’état toutes petites.
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L’ingéniosité sadique de la lutte carnavalesque se manifeste dans la circulation
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oneilles » et « du couteau à figure » du père Ubu.
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Qu’est-ce que c’est ? (Il saute dans les bras de sa femme) Ah Docteur, sauvezmoi, je vais tomber, je suis très angoissé (p. 105).
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Il est peut-être temps de porter sur nous-même un regard
« hétéroanthroscopique », comme dirait Jarry - porter un regard sur l’homme
depuis l’extérieur de l’homme : depuis l’animal, depuis Dieu, depuis le caillou,
depuis le pantin. J’écris du théâtre pour mettre hors d’homme. C’est un théâtre
qui n’a pas l’homme pour modèle.
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1. « Si tu te mettais à surveiller chaque seconde, au bout de peu, t’en serais fou
à million. » (cf. « Le Lorrain) 2. « Que le bouillon te tombe dessus, te lave la
tête, vilain Lorrain » Signe Béhémoth du Belzébuth. » (Calineau) 3. « Belle pute
à zob » (« Le Lorrain », au canif. 4. « Deux couillons cul à cul se renvoyant la
balle » (« instituteur à Méximieux ») 5. « Le second des sculpteurs est décédé
d’une balle au front. » (Calineau »).
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Cela nous fournit quelques exemples tels ce « cintième » étage courant dans la
parlure vulgaire où le caractère guttural de l’occlusive a été remplacé par une
dentalité, ou encore, le phénomène de dissimilation, que l’on peut observer
dans collidor ou célébral. Au lieu de concerner un trait distinctif unique, la
suppression-adjonction peut porter sur plusieurs phèmes et de là, sur plusieurs
phonèmes à l’intérieur du mot. C’est par ce biais que nous obtenons l’oneille
du père Ubu et le vuvurrer de Zazie, et bien des faits appartenant au langage
56
enfançon.
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56
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[…] il faut insister sur l’importance que Roussel attache à cette très légère
modification de son séparant les deux phrases-clefs, sans parler de la
modification générale de sens. Le récit a opéré sous nos yeux, d’une part un
changement profond de ce que signifie le monde – et le langage –, d’autre part un
infime décalage superficiel (la lettre altérée) ; le texte « se mord la queue », mais
57
avec une petite irrégularité, une petite entorse… et qui change tout.
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– Ah ! ben ! il a du culot ! […] Cet homme qui a dit de toi… ping pong ! –
Comment dis-tu ça ? – Ping pong ! – « Ping pong » ! – « Pis que pendre » !…
pas « ping pong » ! – On ne dit pas ping pong ? – On ne dit pas ping pong. –
J’ai toujours entendu dire ping pong. – Tu as toujours mal entendu. – Ah ! bien,
59
c’est donc ça que je ne comprenais pas l’expression .
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Le cursus fut parfait, sauf au finale d’examen d’art où professeur Rémy Laplace
m’interroge par inadvertance sur une huile d’Osbert : « La femme à l’ananas » ;
laquelle de mes langues fourchant, je lus « La femme à l’ananus ».
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Liste des noms : non « la douleur » mais la dadleu, non « la joie » mais la oyive
[…], non plus « l’attente » mais ouaouate ; non plus « avancer » mais jujondre ;
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[…] je nomme ijaune le faux vert, iviolet le noir foncé et le violet violet non-violet ;
et je dis au langage de rester de l’autre côté d’ici. Et à ceux de l’autre côté : mots
d’outre-part, nommez les véritables choses dans le véritable espace et faites
enfin arriver ici la tête de l’homme tête en bas !
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Les mots n’ont, par eux mêmes, d’autres sens que ceux qu’il nous plaît de leur
attribuer. Car enfin, si nous décidons ensemble que le cri du chien sera nommé
hennissement et aboiement celui du cheval, demain nous entendrons les chiens
hennir et tous les chevaux aboyer .
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« liste a savoir sur le pouce » » : savoir sur le bout des doigts + manger sur le
pouce « passer de la vie à la trèpe » : passer de vie à trépas + passer à la trappe
« vêtu aux as » : vêtu comme l’as de pique + plein aux as
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TT
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Athéniens ! Un forcené vient d’être maîtrisé par les brigades grammaticales
d’intervention alors qu’entré par effraction dans les locaux vacants de
l’imprimerie nationale il tentait d’intervertir l’ordre alphabétique de toutes les
lettres afin de porter outrage à l’ordre du langage.
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TT
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Vanité des vanités : ossature de tous les os ! embouchure de la bouche, pédalité
du pied, ongularité des ongles, pensabilité du cerveau, bocalité de la grammaire,
alphabet partout, néant partout ! (p. 96).
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Lâchant guidon, au miroir en passant, j’ai adressu à mon corps quand je le vis
m’arriver : « Hé-ho mon corps : vous devriez travailler pour rouler ! arrêtez de
passer toujours par où vous vous arrêtez ! » Mais mon corps reprit en reprenant :
« Arrêtez de parler, vilain cycliste : car vous devriez vous taire au lieu de toujours
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nature du Christ à la fois Dieu et homme. Le modèle de la croix emblématise la
logique paradoxale […].
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La première fois où parle Jean Terrier, il exprime une phrase qui, tout en étant
logique grammaticalement, est impossible sous le jour du sens ; « Ma mère n’a
pas eu d’enfant ». Phrase de l’aliénation mentale, correcte dans ses composants
syntaxiques, inviable cependant pour qui la profère. Elle présente le genre
d’absurde que l’on trouve dans ce théâtre.
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On dirait une reine marchant sur des grenouilles ou bien la reine des grenouilles
parcourant un tapis de poulets, deux roues en train d’apprendre à vivre à une
ornière ou l’Avarice passant dans un ciel de canard !
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La tête de l’homme est la tête de l’homme ; la tête de l’homme est une cuiller
qui tient pas droit dans une soupe où bourdonne aucune mouche ; la tête de
l’homme est une valise qui tient pas droit dans une poubelle qui ronchonne ; la
tête de l’homme est une abeille qui tient rien ; la tête de l’homme est une serviette
qui tient rien dans une mouche qui dépasse ; la tête de l’homme est un pied
qui chante faux ; la tête de l’homme est une valise qui tient pas droit dans une
poubelle qui ronchonne ; la tête de l’homme est une abeille qui tient pas droit
dans une ambulance qui bourdonne ; la tête de l’homme est une serviette qui
tient pas pas droit dans une voiture qui dépasse ; la tête de l’homme tient pas
droit dans un tiroir rouge.
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On pourrait être tenté de rattacher les textes de Novarina au surréalisme.
Pourtant, l’effet d’évidence et de familiarité qu’ils produisent est plutôt l’apanage
du réalisme […] Les thèmes, les images de ces pièces appartiennent à notre
univers le plus quotidien, celui des super-marchés, du journal télévisé, de la
78
maladie, des petits métiers, des voitures.
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Va-t’en chercher du beurre pour ta mère Qui est malade dans ce tout petit
pot […] Quand je revins ma mère était repue Et tout le monde commençait
à s’asseoir Nous mangeâmes l’oie avec de la morue En compagnie qu’était
bouillie du soir.
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Des inventions et désappropriations linguistiques comme celles de Novarina faisant voler en éclat le flux quotidien du langage à tous les niveaux du discours :
phonétique, orthographique, lexical, grammatical et narratif - n’ont pas été
réalisés sans tenir compte de la psychopathologie du langage. Ces exemples
de déformation et de création linguistiques constituent-ils de simples idiolalies
ou idioglossies (c’est à dire une déformation si extrême de la prononciation que
la personne semble parler dans une langue qui lui est propre) ou s’agit-il de
la création d’idiolectes proches d’un langage privé ? La meilleure explication
se trouverait peut-être dans la notion, définie par Michel Thévoz, de « motssphinx » qui indique des mots tout à la fois mystérieux, impossibles à interpréter
et hermétiques. C’est là précisément que le lecteur, doit cesser de chercher à
comprendre le texte pour pouvoir le lire et l’entendre.
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6,(&%*$%&'#0"*>#%"*=9,'*50"$6#"56"(%*%(*6&],-%"()%*D
Le pantalon revient souvent chez lui. On y parle fréquemment de son pantalon,
ou dans son pantalon : « puis j’ai été nommé garçon, puis pantalon » dit
L@
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9#5%"'%'\>/H"5H"4\1SA\F&\^*H*2;!+_K*23#%&&/*H*!"#$%&'#()*+/0"*1*H*1A@A
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le chercheur de Falbala. « L’homme est un pantalon » : cette assertion
métaphysique résonne comme une pantalonnade : elle est incongrue. […] Etre
dans son pantalon, c’est être en proie à la tautologie. Je suis », dit l’homme. « Je
suis dans mon pantalon » en est l’équivalent étendu, mais plus juste. La première
tautologie est métaphysique. La seconde est une incongruité d’opérette, qui ôte
toute nécessité à l’affirmation. Les drames de Novarina sont très exactement
des pantalonnades, comme les films de Louis de Funès. Des pantalonnades
apocalyptiques.
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Le moi est souvent « en bois de moi », ou d’autre chose, et tuer un chien, c’est le
faire cesser d’être en chien, comme si ce qui constitue le plus profondément les
êtres n’était qu’accessoire. Il y a des cachettes à bras et des voitures à bretelles,
des arbres en rien, des empilements de détails loufoques. Identité personnelle
(« je suis »), identité collective (vies, peuples), humanité même ne sont guère plus
que des vêtements interchangeables. Novarina dit qu’il n’y a pas de personnages
dans l’opérette mais « des vêtements habillés ». Idée que l’on pourrait résumer
dans la formule suivante : « l’homme est un pantalon ».
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« Etre en viande » (D.V., p. 128) = vivre « Etre en pâte d’homme » (J.R., p. 47) =
être un être humain « Entrée en macabiat » (D.V., p. 25) = mort, dégradation ou
entropie « Nous allons à Glas » (V. Q., p. 50) = « le ver est l’avenir de l’homme »
« Etre empêché de faire ses actions » (D.V., p. 238) = ne pas vivre comme on
le voudrait « Trouver le souffle de se maintenir vivant » (D.V., p. 169) = trouver
la force de continuer à vivre « Chanter un air trop long » (D.V., p. 229) = vieillir
depuis trop longtemps et mettre du temps à mourir
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SERMON MUTIQUE. – Voyez garçons : cet homme finit avec la cervelle nettoyée
par une balle FACTEUR ACTION. – Par les Cinq Trous, retenez-vous ! Trois fois
déjà ce cadavre a été profané ! L’HOMME EN PANTALON MORT. – Ils sortent
avec le pantalon rouge […]
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« vocabulon canin » (D.V., p. 150) = manière dont s’expriment les chiens (regards,
aboiements, mouvements, comportement). « une grosse pipelarde de conduite
pétroline (D.V., p. 227) = pipe-line. « A la tombée nocturne (D.V., p. 150) = la nuit
tombée. « voler à la nage au secours d’Alexis » (D.V., p. 163) = nager tellement
vite qu’on semble voler ou être en nage parce qu’ on vole au secours d’Alexis.
« jeune chapiteau qui avait tout vu » (D.V., p. 243) = un jeune chien fou qui
n’avait rien sous le chapeau(/chapiteau) mais qui croyait avoir tout vu. « [aller]
en cerveau » (J.R., p. 32) = se retirer en soi-même ou se téléporter par l’esprit.
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« Ils quittent leur chemises de passion et mettent les pantalons à action » (O.R.,
p. 173) = ils quittent leur souffrance (voire leur deuil) pour aller vers la vie, l’action
« mâcherie jambique » (J.R., p. 12) = se livrer au pêché de cannibalisme en
mâchant une jambe.
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[…] ciel ! ouv’ ta rose ! avalanche ! la neige vole ! en cadence ! dénouement !
tourbillons ! feu partout ! en partance ! sang d’agnelle ! respiral ! voix lactée !
tohu-bohuuuuuva-bohohohuhohouu hoû-oû-ou !
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[…] descendez descendez lamentables victimes, descendez le chemin de l’enfer
éternel, plongez au plus profond du gouffre où tous les crimes, flagellés par
un vent qui ne vient pas du ciel, bouillonnent pêle-mêle avec un bruit d’orage ;
ombres folles courez au but de vos désirs jamais vous ne pourrez assouvir votre
rage et votre châtiment naîtra de vos plaisirs.
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« faire la honte » (C.H., p. 362) = se livrer à l’acte charnel (en ne perdant pas de
vue l’idée de péché originel) « proie du reptat » (C.H., p.241) = victime du serpent
(et novariniennement : du nulle-pattes), donc Eve – soit par extension : la femme.
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Dictionnaire novarinien-français (prolégomènes) Adam : Animal du temps.
Amour : pulsion qui nous fait nous jeter soudainement sur autrui. Anus :
thermo-preneur. Trou dont nous ne sortons pas. Avanir : futur sombre. Bouche :
trou du miam Bras : garçons qui sont devant. Chapeau mental : tête humaine.
Chien : rien. Cœur : bat la mesure en vain. Corps : mort. Vide nigaud. Croix :
signature des illettrés Christianisme : judaïsme pour les paysans Déhommer
(se) : sortir d’homme. Syn. « désarraisonner ». Dieu : couac. Quatrième
personne du singulier. Passe les douanes. Enfance : très mauvaise formation.
Espace : nous supporte. Temple du temps. Femme : percée. Grognistan :
pays animé d’intentions belliqueuses. Homme : coupable en deux. Quadrupède
en souffrance. Animal olympique. Hommer : pantalonner. Inri : ici. Jambes :
satanés compas Jésus : Cui qui mit l’chapeau d’épines. Jean des Trous. Homme
de cruciphon. Je suis : néon Langue : morçon viangique. Liste : mouvement
amoureux. Langage : sperme et semence de l’univers. Logodynamique : mise
en mouvement du langage. Lumière : nuit. Cri toujours visible du premier instant
qui dure toujours. Machine à dire voici : étrange lucarne. Mains : prenantes et
adorantes Manger : mystère. Monde : mangeoire. Une joie de A à Z. Mort : un
rien qui tombe tout le temps. Nécromobile : véhicule idéal pour aller voir là-bas
si ça locute Nuit : n’est pas la preuve qu’il n’y a rien à voir. Orilles : oreilles.
Pendant à oneilles. Pantalon : conscience de la mort. Parole : lumière. Paupi :
paupière Pensée : notre présence dans les paroles, une dictature dans la tête.
Pieds : siège de la pensée Pierres : tues par Dieu Phalle : phallus. Poume :
poumon. Queue : tuyau qui dit peu de mot Réel : tout ce qui vient mordre.
Sexe : membre réclameur. Silence : cendre laissée par la parole. Souffle :
lumière. Sauve, libère. Tête : Bête vide. N’est pas porteuse. N’est d’aucune
lumière. Temps : nous tue avec amour. Trous arrière: moyen de nous défaire
de la négativité. Ut : surf. Premier instant qui dure toujours. Utopie de la fin.
Viander : vivre. Vie : page à nager Vivre : faire de la poussière Yeux : trous à
lumière.
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Comme dans l’alexandrin, c’est la forme respiratoire et rythmique qui dicte sa
loi au sens. Je ne me suis donc pas dit que je devais inventer quoi que ce soit,
je me suis dit, au contraire, qu’il fallait que j’écoute.[…] cette expérience m’a
conforté dans l’idée que l’acteur doit toujours s’obliger à être concret. Il y a pour
moi deux grands maîtres pour l’acteur : Racine et Novarina. Avec eux on apprend
à abandonner le faux chant ou le faux lyrisme.
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L’obligation de rimer et de rimer bien rejette le poète soit sur des associations de
sons banales et éprouvées, soit sur ces sonorités les plus communes qui sont
la bourre du langage […]. La rime supérieurement respectée met la doublure à la
place du vêtement
LV
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– […] c’est mon génie ! le coup de mon génie ! pas trente-six façons !…
j’embarque tout le monde dans le métro, pardon !… et je fonce avec : j’emmène
tout le monde !… de gré ou de force !… avec moi !… le métro émotif, le mien !
sans tous les inconvénients, les encombrements ! dans un rêve !… jamais le
moindre arrêt nulle part ! non ! au but ! au but ! direct ! dans l’émotion !… Par
l’émotion ! rien que le but : en pleine émotion… bout en bout ! – Comment ?…
Comment ? – Grâce à mes rails profilés ! mon style profilé ! […] Exprès profilés !
… spécial ! je les lui fausse ses rails au métro, moi ! j’avoue !… ses rails rigides !
… je leur en fous un coup ! […] le charme, la magie, Colonel ! la violence aussi !
… j’avoue !… tous les voyageurs enfournés, bouclés, double-tour !… tous dans
ma rame émotive !… pas de chichis !… je tolère pas de chichis ! pas question
qu’ils échappent !… non ! non ! […] A la violence !… vous êtes le magicien ?
oui ?… non ? alors que votre charme opère !… certains lecteurs récalcitrent ? la
trique, Colonel ! qui préfèrent le cinéma ? la trique !… qui préfèrent le chromo ?
la trique !… vous êtes le maître des sortilèges… […] Plus un camion qui vous
harponne ! l’artiste que vous êtes ! votre métro s’arrête à rien !… vous vous êtes
90
profilé un style !
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Ses textes manifestent aussitôt l’attention portée à la ponctuation […] Un point
d’exclamation marque une ouverture, deux points provoquent la rapidité d’un
91
enchaînement. Le point virgule se marie à la notion de plaisir.
90
91
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Chuté de la plonge face à Palisse. Et mort au but… Plus petit qu’en réel et moins
beau qu’en photo… Boulevard Atrice Atti… Aux titubants et aux passeurs…
L’éclat si beau d’son œil ouvert… Et sauter dessous !… Des coulisses, toute
ma vie, passée dehors, égale zéro… Massif en pierre, passée quinze tonnes, ça
m’écrasa. J’en aurais voulu lui rapprendre à m’frapper mon comique !
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Puis j’ai passé quelques temps chez les squelettes, m’entretenir tout le long du
jour de squeletterie. […]. Ensuite, fuyant, dissimulé dans la foule, à la caisse des
Prisuny, au lieu de payer caddy, j’enlevai les étiquettes à la place des autres, et
au feu bleu local, j’annonçai rouge et partis écraser piétons. Je voyais. La ville
entière était en croix et en viande incarnée sans moi, et j’étais son seul point
mis en zone urbaine à ma place… Puis j’ai repassé quelques temps quelque
part séjourner chez quelqu’un, puis je m’en suis aperçu. En face d’autrui, pour
animer conversation, j’enchaînais mes mots dans la suite des idées pour animer
conversation ; et je passais mon temps journellement à faire semblant d’être en
cette vie avec vous. En vie, je ne l’étais pas. Car j’étais moi-même fait en mort.
Je ne parvenais pas à me débarrasser des mots sans savoir quoi leur dire. Je ne
parvenais plus à me parler avec des mots sans savoir leur dire.
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expression simple et un mot nouveau pour un art nouveau, motivé : la mise en
mouvement du langage.
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[…] ce n’est qu’en mettant le mouvement dans la langue qu’on comprend ce
qu’est le langage, un faire, une action, à prendre comme tels […] Et l’œuvreNovarina se fait œuvre d’être une proposition et un propos sur la nature du
langage.
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Si la langue de Valère Novarina et le slam étaient destinés à se rencontrer […],
c’est en vertu de cette pulsion rythmique qui est à l’œuvre dans la bouche
du slameur comme sous la plume de l’écrivain. […] Car ce n’est pas un sage
chapelet de mots, d’outils dociles pour communicants qui se déploie […] devant
nous, mais un flux physique et primitif, une « logodynamique » qui vient nous
rappeler que notre parole humaine est d’abord un exercice de notre souffle.
Chaque phrase est un phrasé : qu’elle soit flow ou litanie, elle brise les limites du
discours ordinaire pour l’emporter au plus loin, par effraction parataxique, vers
sa limite respiratoire .
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la production physique d’une parole travaillée par le souffle, le rythme, la
démultiplication des voix. […] c’est l’engagement physique de l’acteur qui est mis
en vedette contre le jeu psychologique, le faux chant et le faux lyrisme. Associé
métaphoriquement à l’athlète qui va jusqu’au bout de sa dépense […], l’acteur
est celui qui ne dispose d’aucun filet, d’aucun masque. Il ne peut se dissimuler ni
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Les comptines conservent des traces de lallation sous la forme de kyrielles
syllabiques ; ce sont les comptines dites « avec allitérations, jeux phonétiques
et mots sauvages ». […] Comme le dit bien un pédiatre, la lallation infantile est
« entre le langage et le lait », dans le plaisir circulaire de ressasser quelques
syllabes : labalama, lebeleme, lobolomo…, séquences hyper labialisées qui
provoquent une jouissance phonétique. Ainsi, la première magie enfantine serait
liée au fait de s’entendre bredouiller. Là se trouve la langue adamique. Je n’ai pas
dit « innocente », car le retour vers cette origine mobilise la connaissance, l’appel
aux langues dites « étrangères » ; ainsi, dans Le Jardin de reconnaissance,
quand le Bonhomme de terre invoque « l’énergie enfantine », la Voix d’Ombre lui
répond : « Le locassier puterle ; la coquelionne dandrule ; la bruse bibrionne ;
la frousette lujarde ; le huppelin asp’asp’ ; le féjard goguinne ; le golion hulète ;
la polypse ouinte ; le pétassier carquignolle ; l’hypolobe frouit ; la vardasse
cyclauque ; le malibroche flûtiote… »
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Et sur les bas que mon grand-père de laine M’a tricoté avant d’mourir violet Le
brave cher homme est mort d’une migraine Tenant un os dans sa bouche de
poulet
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As-tu rangé notre cadavre près du même local où notre fils s’est électrocuté par
mégarde ? Et si tu sais que c’est oui, donne en même temps son chiffre, son
nombre et sa raison, et la force du voltage.(C.H. ; p. 449).
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Un soir un mort, dit à son corps, n’y tenant plus : Dis-moi, si je dors – ou si tu
as tort – de me voir plus. Un jour un mort – se trompant d’corps, vit un vivant
le poursuivant : Toi qui es plus là – quand j’y suis pas, est-ce que est-ce que tu
t’sens ? – bien mieux qu’avant ?
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5d%'(E*'%->9%H(H#9E*f*5%*?,#*-6"?,%*?,%*9d0"*'d64&%''%*D
Sans toi je vais pas bien : J’erre de travers soir et matin. J’aime ton regard de
velours, Tes six grands yeux qui pissent l’amour. (p. 69).
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Défini par le linguiste et le poéticien comme une phrase structurée par des lois
formelles et rhétoriques (il est lapidaire, rythmé, allitéré, etc.) par le sémanticien
comme un énoncé « à armature symétrique » caractérisé par un système
d’oppositions, le proverbe n’est pas encore suffisamment cerné. […]. Malgré
d’évidentes différences culturelles, tous les proverbes ont en commun un type de
contenu. Leurs assertions sont générales ou généralisables, ce que marque en
français l’emploi d’articles définis (« Quand LE chat n’est pas là… »), l’absence
d’articles (« Bon chien chasse de race »), l’usage d’autres déterminants (« Tel
@VL
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maître, tel valet »). Ils concernent des catégories logiques simples (implication,
exclusion, etc.). Quand il n’affirme pas (utilisant alors un verbe au présent ou
effaçant le verbe, pour marquer l’absence de temps historique), le proverbe
conseille ou ordonne, utilisant l’impératif, la forme « il faut », etc. […] tout
proverbe exprime une logique du jugement (par oppositions) […]. Comme toutes
les productions collectives de discours (contes, mythes, récits, comptines,
blagues et jeux de toute sorte), ils n’existent que par leurs emplois vivants.
Et c’est pourquoi nous nous interrogeons en vain sur l’essence, la qualité,
la beauté, la signification sociale du proverbe, si nous oublions qu’il s’agit
104
aujourd’hui, pour nous, d’un grand malade, d’un moribond.
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[…] tant que quelque chose en quelqu’un se trompe d’entrée, alors celui qui est
dans le corps est le témoin de celui qui ne verbe pas. Que celui qui ne verbe pas
se taise s’il ne peut pas faire autrement ; mais qui se trompe de mot, s’il trompe
les gens, laissez-le se tromper de mot. S’il entre dans un corps, celui-là va faire le
mort. Tel que celui qui change de langue de son vivant : il ne doit pas dire matière
à la matière, bois au bois et quoi à quelqu’un.
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Sachez, Monsieur, que tant va la cruche à l’eau qu’enfin elle se brise ; et, comme
dit fort bien cet auteur que je ne connais pas, l’homme est en ce monde ainsi que
l’oiseau sur la branche ; la branche est attachée à l’arbre ; qui s’attache à l’arbre
suit de bons préceptes, les bons préceptes valent mieux que les belles paroles
[…], les vaisseaux ont besoin d’un bon pilote, un bon pilote a de la prudence, la
prudence n’est point dans les jeunes gens, les jeunes gens doivent obéissance
aux vieux […], nécessité n’a point de loi, qui n’a point de loi vit en bête brute, et
106
par conséquent vous serez damné à tous les diables .
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Monsieur Hoquet donnez-leur chaud !
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voyez ces dos plantés, il faut les faire tourner, ces agités sont des zéros,
Monsieur Hoquet Donnez leur chaud !
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D’ailleurs vous vous rimez bien, vous ses deux bras, hé vous, là-bas ! Si je vous
laisse seuls, ses bras : vous rimez avec mes deux pieds, hé mes bras, vous
finirez en boîte de bois.
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Changez de classiques ! L’antiquité tardive, les Pères grecs, le moyen âge
cachent des trésors de force vive pour les modernes : Joyce, Cingria, Cendrars,
Claudel, Marinetti, Picabia, Cravan s’y sont quotidiennement alimentés.
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La Lutte des mortsest faite d’un jet, lancée de façon pulsive, crépitante, par
percussion, en frappant le sol des pieds, en écrivant et dessinant sur les
manuscrits jusqu’à ce que le bras se fatigue : j’étais dans un chalet, je portais
des sabots, je tapais du pied ! c’était une écriture pas du tout « automatique »
mais bien gymnique, corporelle .
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Le début de La Lutte des morts annonce le programme, associant le sperme
noir à l’encre d’un qui écrit et s’effraie de ce qui sort sous la plume (ce dont
témoignaient aussi les carnets) : « Et la hôm jétérra du noir-sperm et lé preûmier
qui de son spexe verra saillir c’te noirr, prendra la peurr, et c’est moi. » Le
texte nous convie par conséquent à une multitude d’accouplements divers,
accompagnés de postures, de combinaisons et d’échanges tout aussi variés,
mettant en scène des modalités littéralement inouies d’association de mots, de
fusions lexicales, et d’enfantements verbaux, de parthénogenèses, de soudures
et de croissances autogènes.
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péniblement. La publique tient toute la largeur de la rampe. En scène, tout le
monde continue à percer. […]. Aux armognons, les torturiers français reprennent
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[…], le corps grotesque est un corps en mouvement. Il n’est jamais prêt ni
achevé : il est toujours en état de construction, de création et lui-même construit
un autre corps ; de plus, ce corps absorbe le monde et est absorbé par ce dernier
[…]. C’est pourquoi le rôle essentiel est dévolu dans le corps grotesque à ses
parties, ses endroits, où il se dépasse, franchit ses propres limites, met en
125
chantier un autre (ou second) corps : le ventre et le phallus.
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9,#*6,''#*'%*')=6&%&*4,*50&='^*k*D
Après le ventre et le membre viril, c’est la bouche qui joue le rôle le plus
important dans le corps grotesque, puisqu’elle engloutit le monde ; et ensuite le
derrière.
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Dans le comique populaire, la topographie corporelle fusionne avec la
topographie cosmique : nous décelons dans l’aménagement de l’espace au
cirque ou sur les trétaux forains les mêmes éléments topographiques que sur
la scène où étaient joué les mystères : terre, enfers et ciel (mais bien sûr sans
129
l’interprétation religieuse).
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Le BCD met ainsi en scène la condition humaine vouée à une parole en état
d’inadéquation fondamentale vis-à-vis du corps. De là sans doute, cette
insistance sur les masques, et les pantins. […]. Parole déguisée également.
Les personnages du BCD multiplient les allusions au « bal masqué » auquel
ils doivent se rendre, et ou s’achèvera le « défilé si ridicule » des costumes
inadaptés. Depuis l’ouverture de la pièce, les « travailleurs » sont affublés
@1L
129
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de « vilains costumes », de « costumes à labour », qui leur donne l’air
d’«épouvantaux ». Un couple proche de Bouche et Oreille, celui que forment
Hardy et Castaing, porte « les pantalons et les vestes de plume verte » qui
rappellent évidemment le déguisement des Boucot dans l’AV, et tient « à la
main » des « masques de têtes d’oiseaux ». On retrouve ici le thème de la
parole masquée et manipulée, très présent déjà dans l’AV, et qui clôt le babil
d’Adramélech : « Masques vilains aux traits percés, vilains masques sans nez,
masques mangés, adieu dites adieu à vos sempiternelles réxécutions de bal... »
Ce thème porte à la fois sur le débat propre à la condition humaine, à sa relation
avec la langue (« Au plus intime de notre corps, le langage nous dit que notre
corps n’était pas un espace pour nous. »), et sur le conflit inhérent à la nature
du langage et à son utilisation comme instrument (de pouvoir, de séduction, de
travail, etc.).
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Soyez gais, soyez gais ! Ré-éjouissez-vous ! / Soyez gais, soyez gais, é-égayonsnous ! / Et si nos femmes sont des coquines, / Consolons-nous chez les
voisines ! / Formez les quadrilles, faites valser les filles ! / Ouvrez le bal, voici le
temps du Carnaval !
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Masques vilains aux traits percés, vilains masques sans nez, masques mangés,
adieu dites adieu à vos sempiternelles rexécutions du bal […] ! Fausses traces,
raccourcis rapidasses, faux pieds, messagers faux, palmés cartons, troncs
peints, bals faux et pieds des eaux, immédiatement, immédiatement mourez ! Et
vous, véritables faces, tremblez : les temps sont arrivés de vous lire au visage.
Voyez mon doigt boiteux déjà se pointe vers vos nez !
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Quel appétit pantagruélique que celui de Claude Buchvald ! A l’incitation du
comédien Daniel Znyk et depuis de longs mois, elle œuvre à une traversée des
cinq livres de Rabelais ! Ensemble, ces dernières années, ils avaient voyagé
en « Novarinie » […]. Autant d’échappées funambules dans la langue du poète.
Après Novarina, il devenait logique d’en venir à la source […]. L’épopée de
Gargantua reprend sa route comme depuis l’an1532 les mots n’avaient cessé
d’aller leur chemin, à notre rencontre, ici dans ce monde sauvage et inquiétant :
« Brûlez, tenaillez, cizaillez, noyez, pendez, empallez, espaultrz, démembrez,
exentrez… » Il faut avancer par bonds, bribes, guerres, turbulences, avec des
haltes en pays farcesques, là où le rire nous secoue en tempête. De la naissance
à l’ultime voyage, sur la frêle et splendide embarcation du théâtre, nous irons
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d’énigmes en prophéties avec pour seule boussole la plus belle langue du
monde […]. Pour fêter la langue dans cette drôle d’Odyssée, Claude Buchvald
a fait appel au compositeur Christian Paccoud. « Le son appelle l’espace, le
son fait sens et génère le jeu. Voix, son, instruments s’entrechoquent et créent
l’événement polyphonique […] Tout est nourriture pour nos acteurs-chanteurs et
musiciens. » A table !
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Tout naît d’oreille […]. Il n’y a pas une scène qui ne soit traversée par un
traitement musical particulier : cliquetis des mots, rythmes, phonèmes,
prosopopée, mélopée, poème, rondeau, énumérations, cantique, psaume, « opéra
verbal »… […]. Toutes sortes d’instruments de musique font partie intégrante du
jeu. Ils créent à eux seuls des armées entières ou le tohu-bohu des éléments en
fureur.
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Claude Buchvald, en traversant Novarina, et magistralement, en nous faisant
rire sur ces échappées funambules d’une grande langue d’aujourd’hui, a sans
doute appris à sa meilleure source, la plus périlleuse, où la littérature pouvait
en appeler au théâtre pour se produire dans sa géante interrogation du monde.
C’était un chemin logique, après Novarina, d’explorer la soute, la machine, la
naissance de langue.
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Il nous entraîne dans le puissant déroulement des grandes nomenclatures
primordiales ou s’énoncent les différences ; l’unique de chacun papillote
d’éclats phoniques, cependant qu’une vertigineuse continuité, « tapis roulant
en marche » (Michaux), suit son cours, où la mort n’a pas plus de raison d’être
140
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[…] dépossession de m’intestin, suivie d’une greffe d’un homme de moi […],
ambalation du tria aux pattes de devant […], ingestion de déglutil par la veine
quatre […] dix-huit heures d’opération à ciel ouvert […]. Puis repris en seconde
1QQ
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intervention par docteur Paul Cas, l’adjoint pète-sec du professeur Mécorde. Puis
écrasé r-à nouveau r-à-moto par un kiné malhabile nommé François Nobilimi.
Rechute. […] A la vue des cent quatorze médecins, je ne me sentis pas bien […].
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J’ai préparé la mise en scène du repas en travaillant Le Banquetde Platon.
La configuration était la même : un chœur autour d’une table, c’est la parole
qui s’échange. Le cœur de la tragédie grecque fait entendre une seule voix,
c’est une entité, tandis que le chœur du Repas découvre des solitudes très
individualisées, est plus proche de la Cène. […] Autour de cette gigantesque
table et sur ces tabourets en fer extrêmement hauts, ils ressemblaient à des
141
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Sept ans plus tard, un jour d’amour, j’avais mangé du derduloque assis sur du
pain ; puis séjourné en soupe « hachi-bachi », puis m’être nourri vite-fait su’l’gaz,
puis accroché mon paletot à la soupe revite faite, puis enfin mangé une grosse
spà qui me séjourna quatre-vingt-dix-sept fois au milieu d’estomac.
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[…] quelque foys que un grand ours, que nourrissoit son père eschappa, et luy
venoict lescher le visaige (car les nourrisses ne luy avoient bien à poinct torché
les babines), il se deffist desdictz cables aussi facilement que Samson d’entre les
Philistins, et vous print Monsieur de l’Ours, et le mit en pièces comme un poulet,
147
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J’ai mangé aujourd’hui une peugeot-citroën, une gourdine 24, un frigo, un didelio,
un apsi 237, une couverture réchauffante à trois trous, un tronc fuchsia […] j’ai
bu, rebu un cafallo, trois l’ambresques, du derduloque, de la verveine, un kilo
d’aspics : je suis content, j’ai mangé ce matin la machine à laver ; je suis très-très
content, je suis très content de mes dents.
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de chien / Que ça mtombe dans les vestibules […] / Un mois après jrevois mon
copain / Il avait l’air tout skia dplus rupin […] / J’ai su lestomac un petit cadran /
Je vends lheure à tous les passants […] / A la fin ltype issuicida […] / J’préfère
être pendu qupendule […] / Mais lorsqui fut dans ltrou ah skon rigola / Quand au
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Médée la Quine : Amédée Bondaz (prononcer « Bonde ») de Reyvroz (prononcer
« Rèvre »). A confectionné pendant plusieurs années un costume de papier
multicolore pour défiler tout seul dans le village le jour de ses quatre-vingt
ans. Vercasson : Selon Jacques Favrat, Vercasson venait de Perrigner. Il avait
pour particularité de soigner sa bronchite avec une crème pour les pieds. Il
apportait généralement quelques roses de son jardin qui sentaient assez fort le
fumier. Mon père, je ne sais pourquoi, l’avait surnommé Vercasson, du nom d’un
fabriquant d’armes de Saint-Etienne. Ce sobriquet lui allait bien.
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[…] énumération interminable des évènements du monde dans L’Origine rouge
et L’Opérette imaginaire, comme si l’on pouvait le décrire, en donner le sens en
détaillant l’infinie complexité de ses conflits, des factions et des peuples qui se
le partagent ; « catalogue de noms de bêtes à la fin du Discours aux animaux ;
théorie des ancêtres hypothétiques d’» homo sapiens » qui ouvre L’Origine
rouge, monstrueuse formule du temps qui la referme ; envahissants empilements
de noms propres et les listes de noms de végétaux dans Je suis ; personnages
innombrables de Transfiguration ; professions de l’homme aux as dans Vous qui
157
habitez le temps, etc.…
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