Download Dalsa P2-4x-xxx40 User`s manual

Line Scan CCD Cameras
P2-2x-xxx40, P2-4x-xxx40, P2-2x-xxx30
Camera User’s Manual
Revised 5/4/2011 10:27:00 AM
4-May-11
03-032-00493-14
www.teledynedalsa.com
2
Piranha 2 User’s Manual
© 2011 Teled yne DALSA. All inform ation provid ed in this manual is believed to be accurate and reliable.
N o responsibility is assum ed by Teled yne DALSA for its use. Teled yne DALSA reserves the right to make
changes to this inform ation w ithout notice. Reprod uction of this manual in w hole or in part, by any
m eans, is prohibited w ithout prior perm ission having been obtained from Teled yne DALSA.
About Teledyne Technologies and Teledyne D ALSA, Inc.
Teled yne Technologies is a lead ing provid er of sophisticated electronic subsystem s, instrum entation and
com m unication prod ucts, engineered system s, aerospace engines, and energy and pow er generation
system s. Teled yne Technologies’ operations are prim arily located in the United States, the United
Kingd om and Mexico. For more inform ation, visit Teled yne Technologies’ w ebsite at w ww .teled yne.com .
Teled yne DALSA, a Teled yne Technologies com pany, is an international lead er in high performance
d igital im aging and sem icond uctors w ith approxim ately 1,000 em ployees world w id e, headquartered in
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Established in 1980, the com pany d esigns, d evelops, m anufactures and
m arkets d igital im aging prod ucts and solutions, in ad d ition to provid ing MEMS prod ucts and services.
For m ore information, visit Teled yne DALSA’s w ebsite at ww w .teled yned alsa.com .
Support
For further inform ation not included in this manual, or for inform ation on Teled yne DALSA’s extensive
line of im age sensing prod ucts, please contact:
N orth America
Europe
Asia Pacific
605 McMurray Rd
Waterloo, ON N2V 2E9
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D-82194 Gröbenzell (Munich)
3-4-3 H igashi-Ikebukuro
Germ any
Toshim a-ku, Tokyo 170-0013
Tel: +49 - 8142 – 46770
Japan
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Fax: +49 - 8142 – 467746
Tel: 81 3 5960 6353
sales.am ericas@teled yned alsa.com
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Fax: 81 3 5960 6354 (fax)
support@teled yned alsa.com
sales.europe@teled ynedalsa.com
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support@teled yned alsa.com
sales.asia@teled yned alsa.com
Tel: 519 886 6000
Fax: 519 886 8023
support@teled yned alsa.com
Cam era Link is a trad emark registered by the Autom ated Im aging Association, as chair of a com m ittee of
ind ustry m em bers includ ing Teled yne DALSA.
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Piranha 2 User’s Manual
Contents
Introduction to the Piranha 2 Line Scan Camera __________________________________ 5
1.1 Camera Highlights ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Image Sensors ............................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.3 Camera Performance Specifications ............................................................................................................................ 8
Camera Hardware Interface ________________________________________________ 13
2.1 Installation Overview ................................................................................................................................................... 13
2.2 Input / Output .............................................................................................................................................................. 13
2.3 Connectors, Pinouts, and Cables .................................................................................................................................. 14
2.4 Power Supplies ............................................................................................................................................................ 16
2.5 Control Inputs, Camera Link ........................................................................................................................................ 16
2.6 Data Bus, Camera Link................................................................................................................................................ 17
2.7 Timing ......................................................................................................................................................................... 19
2.8 Camera Link Serial Communication ............................................................................................................................ 22
Software Interface: How to Control the Camera __________________________________ 23
3.1 Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................... 23
3.2 Command Format ........................................................................................................................................................ 23
3.3 Processing Chain .......................................................................................................................................................... 24
3.4 Startup ......................................................................................................................................................................... 25
3.5 Saving and Restoring Settings ..................................................................................................................................... 25
3.6 Setting Baud Rate ........................................................................................................................................................ 26
3.7 Setting the Data Mode ................................................................................................................................................. 26
3.8 Setting the Video Mode ............................................................................................................................................... 27
3.9 Setting Line Rate and Exposure Mode ......................................................................................................................... 27
3.10 Setting a Region of Interest ....................................................................................................................................... 29
3.11 Returning Video Information .................................................................................................................................... 29
3.12 Optimizing Offset Performance ................................................................................................................................. 31
3.13 Setting Gains ............................................................................................................................................................. 34
3.14 How to Calibrate the Camera .................................................................................................................................... 35
3.15 Setting and Reading FPN Coefficients ....................................................................................................................... 38
3.16 Setting and Reading PRNU Coefficients .................................................................................................................... 39
3.17 Generating Test Patterns ........................................................................................................................................... 39
3.18 Monitoring the Camera ............................................................................................................................................. 40
3.19 Rebooting the Camera ............................................................................................................................................... 41
3.20 Setting the Pre-trigger .............................................................................................................................................. 41
Optical, Mechanical, and Thermal Considerations _________________________________ 43
4.1 Mechanical Interface .................................................................................................................................................... 43
4.2 Optical Interface .......................................................................................................................................................... 47
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Piranha 2 User’s Manual
4.3 Compliance .................................................................................................................................................................. 49
CCD Handling Instructions _________________________________________________ 51
5.1 Electrostatic Discharge and the CCD Sensor ................................................................................................................ 51
5.2 Protecting Against Dust, Oil and Scratches .................................................................................................................. 51
5.3 Cleaning the Sensor Window ....................................................................................................................................... 52
Troubleshooting ________________________________________________________ 53
6.1 Common Solutions ....................................................................................................................................................... 53
6.2 Troubleshooting Using the Serial Interface ................................................................................................................. 54
6.3 Specific Solutions ......................................................................................................................................................... 55
Camera Link™ Reference _________________________________________________ 59
EMC Declaration of Conformity ______________________________________________ 61
Communications Protocol _________________________________________________ 63
C1 Protocol Overview ......................................................................................................................................................... 63
C2 Protocol Features .......................................................................................................................................................... 63
C3 Command Format and Examples ................................................................................................................................. 63
C4 Networking Mode ......................................................................................................................................................... 64
C5 Error Handling .............................................................................................................................................................. 67
C6 Camera Parameter Screen ........................................................................................................................................... 70
C7 Commands .................................................................................................................................................................... 73
DC Offset De-rating Curve _________________________________________________ 79
Revision History ________________________________________________________ 81
Index _______________________________________________________________ 85
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Piranha 2 User’s Manual
1
Introduction to the
Piranha 2 Line Scan
Camera
1.1 Camera Highlights
Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Data rates u p to 160MH z
Resolu tions from 1k to 8k for 40MH z m od el
Resolu tions from 1k to 8k for 30MH z m od el
H igh resp onsivity
Exposu re control and antibloom ing
Pinned photod iod e sensor for low im age lag
Program m able integration tim e, line rate, gain, offset, bit d epth, test p attern, and
d iagnostics
Flat-field correction—m inim izes sensor FPN and PRN U, lens vignetting and non u niform lighting
Cam era Link™ interface
Single 12V to 15V p ow er su p ply
Com pact d esign
Performance
•
•
•
•
•
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4x40MH z qu ad ou tpu t d ata rate, 2x40MH z d u al ou tpu t d ata rate w ith 40MH z m od el
2x30MH z d u al ou tpu t d ata rate w ith 30MH z m od el
8 or 10-bit ou tpu t from 10-bit d igitization
1024, 2048, and 4096 p ixels, 10µm x 10µm , and 4096, 6144 and 8192 pixels, 7m x
7m , 100% fill factor
Line rates u p to 65kH z
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Programmability
•
•
Sim ple ASCII protocol controls gain, offset, line rates, trigger m od e, pixel correction,
test pattern ou tpu t, and cam era d iagnostics.
Serial interface (ASCII, 9600 bau d , ad ju stable to 19200, 57600, 115200), throu gh
Cam era Link.
Usability
•
•
•
•
Program m able gains, offsets, and cam era controls
End -of-line sequ ence and test pattern ou tpu t for d ebu gging
Single inpu t su pply (+12V to +15V)
Com pliant w ith CE and MIL-STD-810E (shock and vibration)
Description
Piranha 2 takes perform ance to a new level. Tw o and fou r 8 or 10-bit ou tpu ts (selectable)
at u p to 40MH z d eliver u p to 160MH z throu ghpu t.
Available in 1k to 8k resolu tions, Piranha 2 is sm all, light, and u ses a single voltage pow er
su pp ly. Cabling and interface are sim plified w ith the Cam era Link high -speed serial
stand ard . The cam era is sensitive, but still provid es qu iet, u niform ou tpu t thanks to CDS
(correlated d ou ble sam pling) and em bed d ed flat-field correction algorithm s. Gain and
offset are fu lly program m able for each ou tpu t channel, and the cam era can ou tpu t test
patterns for cable/ system trou bleshooting. All resolu tions provid e app ropriate, read ily available stand ard lens options (C-m ou nt, F-m ou nt, and M72x0.75 large form at
photograp hy stand ard s).
All these featu res com bine to m ake Piranha 2 the m ost p ow erfu l line scan cam era in the
w orld . Set it loose on you r tou ghest im aging challenge.
Applications
The Piranha 2 is id eal for ap plications requ iring high speed , su perior im age qu ality, and
high responsivity.
Ap plications inclu d e:
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
Electronics m anu factu ring inspection

Postal/ parcel sorting

H igh perform ance d ocu m ent scanning/ im age lift

N arrow and large w eb inspection

H igh-end ind u strial inspection
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Piranha 2 User’s Manual
1.2 Image Sensors
The im age sensor u sed in you r cam era d epend s on the cam era’s resolu tion and nu m ber of
tap s.
1k, 2k, 4k (10 µm ), 2 tap s: IL-P1 (Figu re 1)
2k, 4k (10 µm ), 4 taps: IT-P1 (Figu re 2)
4k (7 µm ), 6k, 8k, 2 tap s: IL-P4 (Figu re 3)
4k (7 µm ), 6k, 8k, 4 tap s: IT-P4 (Figu re 4)
Figure 1: IL-P1 Image Sensor (1k, 2k, 4k (10 µm), 2 tap models)
CR1S, CR2S,
CR1B, CR2B, CRLAST
OS2
5I
CCD Readout Shift Regist er
4I
Stor ageWell with Exposure Control and Reset Structure
32 S
4I
N Pinned Photodiodes (10µm x 10µm)
4I
TCK
32 S
VSTOR
PR
VPR
Stor ageWell with Exposure Control and Reset Structure
VDD
5I
VBB
RST
VSET
VOD
OS1
1
CCD Readout Shift Regist er
4I
32 S Light-shielded pixels
4 I Isolation pixels
N = 1024 or 2048
CR1S, CR2S,
CR1B, CR2B, CRLAST
VSS
Relative position of package Pin 1
Figure 2: IT-P1 4k Image Sensor (2k, 4k (10 µm), 4 tap models)
Relative position
1 of package Pin 1
N=2048 or 4096
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Figure 3: IL-P4 Image Sensor (4k (7µm), 6k, and 8k, 2 tap models)
CR1, CR2, CRLAST
OS2
5I
CCD Readout Shift Regist er
4I
Stor ageWell with Exposure Control and Reset Structure
32 S
4I
N Pinned Photodiodes (7µm x 7µm)
4I
TCK
32 S
VSTOR
PR
VPR
Stor ageWell with Exposure Control and Reset Structure
VDD
5I
VBB
RST
VSET
VOD
OS1
1
CCD Readout Shift Regist er
4I
32 S Light-shielded pixels
4 I Isolation pixels
N = 4096, 6144 or 8192
CR1, CR2, CRLAST
VSS
Relative position of package Pin 1
Figure 4. IT-P4 Image Sensor (4k (7µm), 6k, and 8k, 4 tap models)
CR1, CR2,
CRLAST-L
OS2
CR1, CR2,
CRLAST-R
5I
CCD Readout Shift Regist er
OS4
5I
Stor ageWell with Exposure Control and Reset Str ucture
32 S
4I
N Pinned Photodiodes (7µm x 7µm )
4I
TCK
32 S
VSTOR
PR
VPR
Stor ageWell with Exposure Control and Reset Str ucture
5I
CCD Readout Shift Regist er
CR1, CR2,
CRLAST-L
5I
32 S Light-shielded pixels
4 I Isolation pixels
N = 4096, 6144 or 8192
CR1, CR2,
CRLAST-R
VDD
VDD
VBB
OS1
RST-L VSET-L
VOD-L
Relative position
1 of package Pin 1 VSS-L
VSET-R
VBB
RST-R
VOD-R
VSS-R
OS3
1.3 Camera Performance Specifications
The follow ing tw o tables list the cam era’s perform ance sp ecifications. The first table lists
the operating ranges of the cam era, and the second table lists the perform ance
specifications at m inim u m , nom inal and m axim u m gain levels at 1kH z d ata rate. N ote
that as gain levels increase, p erform ance d ecreases, becau se you r signal to noise
d ecreases.
Also note that the cam eras p erform ance specifications w ere obtained u sing a line rate of
only 1kH z. At low line rates, d ark cu rrent can becom e a significant sou rce of noise and
ap pears in specifications su ch as FPN , PRN U and noise. If you operate the cam era at
faster line rates, su ch as 10kH z or greater, the am ou nt of d ark cu rrent w ill be red u ced by
10x or greater.
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Piranha 2 User’s Manual
Table 1. Piranha 2 Operating Requirements and Ranges
Operating Requirements
Units
Typical
Notes
Pow er
1024—2 o/ p
2048—2 / 4 o/ p
4096 (7µm )—2 / 4 o/ p
4096 (10µm )—2 o/ p
4096 (10µm )—4 o/ p
6144—2 / 4 o/ p
8192 —2 / 4 o/ p
Pow er Supply Current (Vin = +12V)
1024—2 o/ p
2048—2 / 4 o/ p
4096—2 / 4 o/ p
4096 (10µm )—2 o/ p
4096 (10µm )—4 o/ p
6144—2 / 4 o/ p
8192 —2 / 4 o/ p
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
6
6 / 8.5
6 / 8.5
7.5
9.6
7.5 / 9.6
7.5 / 10
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
480
500 /
500 /
600
800
600 /
620 /
Tim e to pow er up, typ
Tim e to calibrate (FPN / PRN U)
1024
2048
4096
6144
8192
sec.
15
sec.
sec.
sec.
sec.
sec.
10
19
38
85
115
Specification
Units
Min
Max
Notes
Data Rate, per tap (40 MH z m od el)
(30 MH z m od el)
MH z
MH z
40
30
40
30
1
Specification
Units
Min
700
700
800
840
Max
30 MHz
Max
40
MHz
49.6
27
65.3
35.4
68
18.5
36.2
12.3
24.4
9.3
18.6
Line Rate
1024, 2 o/
2048, 2 o/
2048, 4 o/
4096, 2 o/
4096, 4 o/
6144, 2 o/
6144, 4 o/
8192, 2 o/
8192, 4 o/
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
Tem perature
Front plate Tem perature
Tem perature d rift before
recalibration (recom m end ation)
Sensor Alignm ent
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kH z
kH z
kH z
kH z
kH z
kH z
kH z
kH z
kH z
°C
°C
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
14
7.15
50
10
1
1
1
1
2
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Piranha 2 User’s Manual
Specification
Units
x,y
z
z
um
mm
°
Min
Max
Notes
±175
±0.25
±0.6
N ote that the environm ent cond itions represent the state of the environm ent w hen the
cam era w as being tested . Typical resu lts are the average valu es obtained w ith at a 1kH z
line rate and 30°C. Maxim u m resu lts represent the w orst case resu lts from any cam era
operating at 50°C w ith a 1kH z line rate.
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Piranha 2 User’s Manual
Typ
Max
Notes
40
1
0
40
1
0
40
40
1
+10
30
50
40
1
+1
0
50
3
18
28
5
10
23
28
DN
15
38
16
38
PRN U corrected ECD/ ECE
DN
1.5
/ 2
3/ 3
1.2/
1.5
DC Offset
4k and und er
6k and over
DN
2
2
3
3
5
5
6K and 8K, ECD/ ECE
3.4
6.8
3.8
7.6
2
0.5
1.1
1.6
0.3
DN
DN
30
Max
Max
5
9
3
6
496:1
2
DN / (nJ/ cm )
2
DN / (nJ/ cm )
Ratio
DN
DN
DN
DN
DN
+10
Typ
Typ
12
24
3
0.5
4
4
2
10.7
21.4
390:1
4
0.75
3.5
4
1
Broad band Responsivity, 7um pixels
Broad band Responsivity, 10um pixels
Dynam ic Range
Pk-Pk N oise, m ax
RMS N oise, m ax
FPN uncorrected , m ax 4K and und er
FPN uncorrected , m ax 6K and over
FPN corrected , m ax
PRN U uncorrected
1K and 2K, ECD/ ECE
4k, ECD/ ECE
Typ
9.4
18.8
207:1
Electro-Optic Specifications
Min
Min
0
30
60
62:1
34
68
135:1
15
2.2
8
14
2
38
76
39
43
3/
8
8/ 10
12/ 2
0
14/ 2
7
2/ 3.
5
5/
27
2
5
5
7
14
17
17
6
6
8
1.2
8
8
2
32
4
27
27
8
DN = Digital N u m bers (0-255); also know n as gray levels.
ECE = Exposu re Control Enabled
ECD = Exposu re Control Disabled
1.
2
3
4
5
6.
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4
4
5
5
2
55
N otes:
•
•
•
Notes
Min
50
40
Min
30
-10
Max
40
1
-10
Typ
40
1
-10
Max. Gain
Min
Max
°C
40
Max
Front Plate Tem perature
Typ
MH z
kH z
dB
Units
Data Rate (40MH z m od el)
Line Rate
Gain Setting
Min
Environment Conditions
Units
Table 2. Piranha2 Performance Specifications, 1kHz line rate, 40MHz Model
Min. Gain
Nom. Gain
All m easu rem ents taken in 8-bit ou tpu t m od e.
All m easu rem ents are valid for front p late tem peratu res in still air.
All m easu rem ents u sed a Tu ngsten halogen light sou rce, 3200K bu lb tem p., and
750nm cu toff filter
All specifications for the 30MH z m od el are prelim inary.
Du e to FPN / PRN U correction calcu lations, certain d igital nu m bers w ill be
u navailable w hen ou tpu tting 10 bits w ith FPN / PRN U correction.
Measu red at front p late. The correspond ing am bient tem p eratu re range w ith still air
is 0°C - 37°C.
Measu rem ents taken at m axim u m line rates.
Exposu re control enabled to set the m axim u m integration tim e to 200 m icrosecond s.
Refer to Ap pend ix D for DC Offset d e-rating cu rves.
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Piranha 2 User’s Manual
Figure 5: P2 Responsivity
2
Responsivity [DN/(nJ/cm )]
Responsivity, Nominal Gain
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24
10µm pixels
20
16
12
7µm pixels
8
4
0
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Wavelength (nm)
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Piranha 2 User’s Manual
2
Camera Hardware
Interface
2.1 Installation Overview
In ord er to set u p you r cam era, you shou ld take these steps:
1. Connect Cam era Link™ cables from cam era to fram e grabber.
2. Connect pow er.
You m u st also set u p the other com ponents of y ou r system , inclu d ing light sou rces, fram e
grabbers, cam era m ou nts, heat sinks, host com pu ters, optics, encod ers, and so on.
2.2 Input / Output
Camera Link™ (2 and 4Tap models)
Camera Link™ (4Tap model only)
Diagnostic LED (See section 3.18)
+12V to +15V and Ground
!
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WARNING: It is extremely important that you apply the appropriate voltages to your
camera. Incorrect voltages w ill damage the camera. See section 2.4 for more details.
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Piranha 2 User’s Manual
2.3 Connectors, Pinouts, and Cables
The cam era u ses a high -d ensity 26-pin MDR26 connector for Cam era Link control signals,
d ata signals, and serial com m u nications, and a 6-pin H irose connector for pow er.
M
D
R
26F
em
a
le
13
1
26
14
Base, Medium, and Full Configuration
Medium and Full Configuration Only
M
atingP
art:3M334-31series
Cable: 3M14X26-S
ZLB
-XXX-0LC**
Table 3: Camera Link Medium and Full Configuration
Medium and Full Configurations
Up to an additional 2 Channel Link Chips
Camera
Right Angle
Channel
Cable Name
Connector Frame
Link Signal
Grabber
1
1
inner shield
Inner Shield
14
14
inner shield
Inner Shield
2
25
Y0-
PAIR1-
15
12
Y0+
PAIR1+
3
24
Y1-
PAIR2-
16
11
Y1+
PAIR2+
4
23
Y2-
PAIR3-
17
10
Y2+
PAIR3+
5
22
Yclk-
PAIR4-
18
9
Yclk+
PAIR4+
6
19
21
8
Y3Y3+
PAIR5PAIR5+
7
20
100 ohm
PAIR6+
20
7
term inated
PAIR6-
8
19
Z0-
PAIR7-
21
6
Z0+
PAIR7+
9
18
Z1-
PAIR8-
22
5
Z1+
PAIR8+
10
17
Z2-
PAIR9+
23
4
Z2+
PAIR9-
11
16
Zclk-
PAIR10-
24
3
Zclk+
PAIR10+
12
15
Z3-
PAIR11+
25
2
Z3+
PAIR11-
13
26
13
26
inner shield
inner shield
Inner Shield
Inner Shield
*Exterior Overshield is connected to the shells of the connectors on both end s.
**3M part 14X26-SZLB-XXX-0LC is a com plete cable assem bly, inclu d ing connectors.
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Piranha 2 User’s Manual
Table 4: Camera Link Base Configuration
Base Configuration
One Channel Link Chip + Camera Control +Serial
Communication
Camera Connector Right Angle
Channel Link
Frame Grabber
Signal
1
1
inner shield
14
14
inner shield
2
25
X0-
15
12
X0+
3
24
X1-
16
11
X1+
4
23
X2-
17
10
X2+
5
22
Xclk-
18
9
Xclk+
6
21
X3-
19
8
X3+
7
20
SerTC+
20
7
SerTC-
8
19
SerTFG-
21
6
SerTFG+
9
18
CC1-
22
5
CC1+
10
17
CC2+
23
4
CC2-
11
16
CC3-
24
3
CC3+
12
15
CC4+
25
2
CC4-
13
13
inner shield
26
26
inner shield
Unu sed pairs shou ld be term inated in 100 ohm s at both end s of the cable.
Table 5: Camera Control Configuration
Signal Configuration
Pin
CC1
EXSYN C
9, 22
CC2
PRIN
10, 23
CC3
Spare
11, 24
CC4
Spare
12, 25
See Ap pend ix B for the com plete Cam era Link configu ration table, and refer to the
Know led ge Center page on the Teled yne DALSA Web site
(w w w .teled yned alsa.com / m v/ know led ge/ appnotes.asp x) for the official Cam era Link
d ocu m ents.
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Hirose6-pinCircular M
ale
6
1
5
2
4
3
MatingPart:HIROS
E
HR10A-7P-6S
Pin
Description
Pin
Description
1
+12V to +15V
4
GN D
2
+12V to +15V
5
GN D
3
+12V to +15V
6
GN D
2.4 Power Supplies
The cam era requ ires a single voltage inpu t (+12V to +15V). The cam era m eets all
perform ance specifications u sing stand ard sw itching p ow er su pplies, althou gh w ell regu lated linear su p plies provid e optim u m perform ance. See the Perform ance
Specifications for cu rrent requ irem ents.
When setting u p the cam era’s pow er su p plies follow these gu id elines:
•
•
•
Protect the cam era w ith a fast-blow fu se betw een pow er su pply and cam era.
Do not u se the shield on a m u lti-cond u ctor cable for grou nd .
Keep lead s as short as p ossible to red u ce voltage d ro p.
See section 1.3 for pow er requ irem ents.
!
WARNING: It is extremely important that you apply the appropriate voltages to your camera.
Incorrect voltages will damage the camera. Protect the camera with a fast-blow fuse between
power supply and camera.
Visit http:/ / vfm .d alsa.com for a list of com p anies that m ake pow er su p plies that m eet
the cam era’s requ irem ents. The com panies listed shou ld not be consid ered the only
choices. Many high qu ality su pplies are available from other vend ors. We assu m e no
resp onsibility for the u se of these su p plies.
2.5 Control Inputs, Camera Link
The cam era accepts control inpu ts throu gh the Cam era Link MDR26F connector.
All inputs are optional. The camera ships in exposure mode 2 and with a 5 kHz line rate. All
Camera Control (CCx) signals are in a logic HIGH state.
IMPORTANT:
This camera uses the
falling edge of EXSYNC
to trigger line readout,
unlike previous DALSA
cameras, which used the
rising edge.
Line rate can be set internally u sing the serial interface. Pow er -on rate is alw ays 9600
bau d . Data rate for the 40MH z m od el is alw ays 40MH z. Data rate for the 30MH z m od el is
alw ays 30MH z.
The external control signals, EXSYN C and PRIN , are optional and enabled throu gh the
serial interface.
PRIN
PRIN is an optional inpu t signal u sed for exposu re control (PRIN ).
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PRIN
Indicates
H igh
Low
Integration
Pixel reset
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EXSYNC (Triggers Line Readout)
EXSYN C is an optional inpu t signal that can be u sed to trigger the line read ou t rate. This
cam era u ses the falling edge of EXSYNC to trigger line read ou t.
Note: EXSYN C shou ld not be clocked faster than the cam era’s specified m axim u m line
rate. The cam era ignores the EXSYN C pu lse u ntil it has com pleted read ing the last line
ou t.
2.6 Data Bus, Camera Link
These signals ind icate w hen d ata is valid , a llow ing you to clock the d ata from the cam era
to you r acqu isition system . These signals are p art of the Cam era Link configu ration and
you shou ld refer to the Cam era Link Im plem entation Road Map, available from the
Know led ge Center page on the Teled yne DALSA w ebsite
(w w w .teled yned alsa.com / m v/ know led ge/ appnotes.asp x) for the stand ard location of
these signals:
Clocking Signal
Indicates
LVAL (high)
DVAL (high)
STROBE (rising ed ge)
Outputting valid line
Valid d ata
Valid d ata
IMPORTANT: This cam era’s d ata sh ou ld be sam pled on the rising edge of STROBE.
Digital Data
The cam era d igitizes internally to 10 bits and ou tpu ts either all 10 bits or the m ost
significant 8 bits in LVDS form at on the Cam era Link connector.
Note: Du e to flat-field correction calcu lations, certain d igital nu m bers w ill be u navailable
w hen ou tpu tting 10 bits w ith flat-field correction enabled (i.e. you w ill experience
m issing cod es).
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Test Pattern Pixels and End-of-line Sequence
For information
on the test pattern
and end of line
sequence
commands, see
section 3.17
Generating Test
Patterns.
To facilitate system -level d ebu gging and verification of d ata path integrity, the cam era
can generate a test p attern. The test pattern is a ram p from 0 to 255DN , then starts at 0
again. Use the test p attern to verify the proper tim ing and connections betw een the
cam era and the fram e grabber.
To alleviate post-processing, Piranha 2 offers an end -of-line sequ ence that provid es basic
calcu lations inclu d ing "line cou nter", "line average", "pixels above threshold ", "pixels
below threshold ", and "d erivative line su m ". These basic calcu lations are the center of
m ost au tom atic gain control (AGC) algorithm s.
To fu rther aid in d ebu gging and cable/ d ata p ath integrity, the first six bits of the ou tp u t
of the end -of-line sequ ence are "aa", "55", "aa". Refer to the table below .
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Location
Value
Description
1
A’s
2
5’s
By ensuring these values consistently toggle
betw een "aa" and "55", you can verify cabling
(i.e. no stuck bits)
3
A’s
4
4 bit counter LSB justified
Counter increm ents by 1. Use this value to
verify that every line is output
5
Line sum LSB
Use these values to help calculate line
average
6
Line sum MID
7
Line sum MSB
8
0
9
Pixels above threshold LSB
10
Pixels above threshold
MSB
11
Pixels below threshold LSB
12
Pixels below threshold
MSB
13
Derivative line sum LSB
14
Derivative line sum Mid
15
Derivative line sum MSB
16
0
Monitor these values (either above or below
threshold ) and ad just cam era gain to keep
these values relatively constant. This
provid es a basis for autom atic gain control
(AGC)
Use these values to focus the cam era.
Generally, the greater the sum the greater the
im age contrast
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2.7 Timing
Figure 6. Piranha 2 Overview Timing Showing Input and Output Relationships
Figure 7. Piranha 2 Fixed (Programmed) Integration Timing with External EXSYNC
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Table 6: Piranha 2 40MHz Timing (Fixed Integration Mode)
Symbol
Definition
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tw SYN C
The m inim um low w id th of the EXSYN C
pulse w hen not in SMART EXSYN C
m od e.
tw SYN C (SMART)*
The m inim um low w id th of the EXSYN C
pulse w hen in SMART EXSYN C m od es to
guarantee the photosites are reset.
Min (ns)
Typ
(ns)
Max
(ns)
100
2,000
tw SYN C_IN T
The m inim um w id th of the high pulse
w hen the ―SMART EXSYN C‖ feature is
turned off
100
tw SYN C_IN T
(SMART)
*
Is the integration tim e w hen the ―SMART
EXSYN C‖ feature is available and turned
on. N ote that the m inim um tim e is
necessary to guarantee proper operation.
tLIN E PERIOD
(t LP)
The m inim um and m axim um line tim es
m ad e up of tTransfer, tREADOUT plus
tOVERH EAD to m eet specifications.
53,190 (8K4T)
106,382 (8K2T)
40,485 (6K4T)
80,645 (6K2T)
27,624 (4K4T)
54,054 (4K2T)
28,248 (2K2T)
15,313 (1K2T)
tTransfer
The tim e from the reception of the falling
ed ge of EXSYN C to the rising ed ge of
LVAL w hen pretrigger is set to zero.
Pretrigger red uces the num ber of clocks to
the rising ed ge of LVAL but d oesn’t
change the tim e to the first valid pixel. If
the fixed integration tim e m od e of
operation is available and selected then
the integration tim e is ad d ed to the
specified value.
1,420 +/ -50
tw Fixed Int.
Fixed Integration Tim e m od e of operation
for variable exsync frequency.
800
tREADOUT
Is the num ber of pixels per tap tim es the
read out clock period . Pretrigger = 0.
51,200 (8K4T)
102,400 (8K2T)
38,400 (6K4T)
76,800 (6K2T)
25, 600 (4K4T)
51,200 (4K2T)
25,600 (2K2T)
12,800 (1K2T)
tOVERH EAD
Is the num ber of pixels that m ust elapse
after the falling ed ge of LVAL before the
EXSYN C signal can be asserted . This tim e
is used to clam p the internal analog
electronics
540+/ -50
thPR
Applies w hen the PRIN exposure control
feature is enabled . The PRIN signal m ust
be held a m inim um tim e after the
EXSYN C falling ed ge to avoid losing the
integrated charge
0
tw PR_LOW
Minim um Low tim e to assure com plete
2,000 +/ - 200
2,000
6
10
t LP –
2,000
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Symbol
Definition
Min (ns)
Typ
(ns)
Max
(ns)
photosite reset
tPR_SET
The nom inal tim e that the photo sites are
integrating. Clock synchronization w ill
lead to integration tim e jitter, w hich is
show n in the specification as +/ - values.
The user should com m and tim es greater
than these to ensure proper charge
transfer from the photosites. Failure to
m eet this requirem ent m ay result in
bloom ing in the H orizontal Shift Register.
2,000+/ -200
*SMART EXSYN C refers to exposu re m od e 4. Refer to section 3.9 Setting Line Rate and
Exposu re Mod e for fu rther inform ation on exposu re m od es.
Table 7: Piranha 2 30MHz Timing (Fixed Integration Mode)
N ote: All valu es are p relim inary for the Piranha 2 30MH z
Symbol
Definition
Min (ns)
tw SYN C
The m inim um low w id th of the EXSYN C
pulse w hen not in SMART EXSYN C
m od e.
132
tw SYN C (SMART)*
The m inim um low w id th of the EXSYN C
pulse w hen in SMART EXSYN C m od es to
guarantee the photosites are reset.
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Max
(ns)
2,640
tw SYN C_IN T
The m inim um w id th of the high pulse
w hen the ―SMART EXSYN C‖ feature is
turned off
tw SYN C_IN T
(SMART)
*
Is the integration tim e w hen the ―SMART
EXSYN C‖ feature is available and turned
on. N ote that the m inim um tim e is
necessary to guarantee proper operation.
2,000
tLIN E PERIOD
(t LP)
The m inim um and m axim um line tim es
m ad e up of tTransfer, tREADOUT plus
tOVERH EAD to m eet specifications.
140487 (8K2T)
70,170 (4K2T)
36,378 (2K2T)
19,483 (1K2T)
tTransfer
The tim e from the reception of the falling
ed ge of EXSYN C to the rising ed ge of
LVAL w hen pretrigger is set to zero.
Pretrigger red uces the num ber of clocks to
the rising ed ge of LVAL but d oesn’t
change the tim e to the first valid pixel. If
the fixed integration tim e m od e of
operation is available and selected then
the integration tim e is ad d ed to the
specified value.
1,874 +/ -66
tw Fixed Int.
Fixed Integration Tim e m od e of operation
for variable exsync frequency.
800
Is the num ber of pixels per tap tim es the
read out clock period . Pretrigger = 0.
138033 (8K2T)
33, 792 (4K4T)
67,584 (4K2T)
33,792 (2K2T)
16,896 (1K2T)
tREADOUT
Typ
(ns)
132
6
10
t LP –
2,000
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Symbol
Definition
Min (ns)
tOVERH EAD
Is the num ber of pixels that m ust elapse
after the falling ed ge of LVAL before the
EXSYN C signal can be asserted . This tim e
is used to clam p the internal analog
electronics
712+/ -66
thPR
Applies w hen the PRIN exposure control
feature is enabled . The PRIN signal m ust
be held a m inim um tim e after the
EXSYN C falling ed ge to avoid losing the
integrated charge
0
tw PR_LOW
Minim um Low tim e to assure com plete
photosite reset
2,640 +/ - 264
tPR_SET
The nom inal tim e that the photo sites are
integrating. Clock synchronization w ill
lead to integration tim e jitter, w hich is
show n in the specification as +/ - values.
The user should com m and tim es greater
than these to ensure proper charge
transfer from the photosites. Failure to
m eet this requirem ent m ay result in
bloom ing in the H orizontal Shift Register.
2,640+/ -264
Typ
(ns)
Max
(ns)
2.8 Camera Link Serial Communication
Cam era featu res can be controlled throu gh the Cam era Link™ serial com m u nication
(LVDS, 9600 bau d ). The serial interface u ses sim ple ASCII-based protocol. The follow ing
chapter d escribes how to configu re the cam era u sing the serial interface.
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3
Software Interface:
How to Control the
Camera
3.1 Overview
i
This chapter details the
most commonly used
commands. See
Appendix C for the
complete syntax and
command reference for
the camera’s serial
interface.
All cam era featu res can be controlled throu gh the serial interface. The cam era can also be
u sed w ithou t the serial interface after it has been set u p correctly. Fu nctions available
inclu d e:
•
•
•
•
•
Controlling basic cam era fu nctions su ch as gain and sync signal sou rce
Cam era calibration
Measu ring internal tem peratu re and voltages
Captu ring vid eo
Generating a test p attern for d ebu gging
The serial interface u ses a sim ple ASCII-based protocol. The com plete p rotocol is
d escribed in Ap pend ix C, Com m u nications Protocol.
Online Help
For qu ick help, the cam era can retu rn all available com m and s and p aram eters throu gh
the serial interface. To generate this list, send the com m and h to the cam era.
Retrieving Camera Settings
To read cu rrent cam era settings, send the com m and gcp. For an explanation of the
cam era param eter screen, see section C6 Cam era Param eter Screen on p age 70.
3.2 Command Format
•
•
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A carriage retu rn (CR) end s each com m and .
Valu es in squ are brackets are optional.
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•
•
•
There are tw o m ethod s for entering the com m and s: In long form each com m and is
w ritten in its entirety. In short form , only a p red efined abbreviation is requ ired . The
m anu al u ses the short form .
The cam era w ill answ er each com m and w ith either "OK >" o r "Error x: Error Message
>". The ">" is alw ays the last character sent by the cam era.
The follow ing p aram eters are u sed in the m anu al:
i = integer
f = float
s = string
t = tap
x1, x2 = pixel start and stop valu es
3.3 Processing Chain
The figu re below is a sim plified block d iagram of the cam era's processing chain. The
analog processing chain contains tw o elem ents–a gain stage and an offset stage. The
d igital p rocessing chain contains the FPN correction, PRN U correction, backgrou nd
su btract, and a system gain stage. The softw are com m and s allow you to set and change
all the elem ents of the processing chain. This enables m axim u m processing flexibility
d epend ing on you r requ irem ents.
Digital Processing
In ad d ition, the tw o elem ents of the analog p rocessing chain, analog gain and analog
offset, can be ad ju sted to sep arate valu es in the calibrated and u ncalibrated m od es. For
exam ple, the analog gain valu e can be set to –5d b in calibrated m od e and 6d B in
u ncalibrated m od e. When sw itching betw een calibrated and u ncalibrated m od es, the
cam era au tom atically u ses the correspond ing valu e.
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3.4 Startup
When the cam era is first started , it m u st perform several actions before it is read y for
im aging. This startu p rou tine takes approxim ately 15 second s, and follow s this sequ ence:
1. Initializes the cam era and all internal hard w are.
2. Load s the last settings saved to non -volatile m em ory, inclu d ing the last set of vid eo
correction coefficients, if previou sly saved .
3. Restores u ser settings if previou sly saved , otherw ise factory settings.
4. Perform s a m em ory test and voltage test and reports an error if any occu rred .
After this startu p sequ ence is com plete, the cam era w ill retu rn either the prom pt "OK>" if
no error occu rred , or an error cod e if a problem has b een d iscovered .
3.5 Saving and Restoring Settings
The cam era provid es a nu m ber of com m and s for restoring, storing, and saving settings.

To restore the original factory settings, u se the com m and rfs. The FPN and PRN U
coefficients are reset to 0.

To save all cu rrent settings to EEROM, u se the com m and wus. The cam era w ill
au tom atically restore the saved u ser settings w hen pow ered u p. Note: While settings
are being w ritten to nonvolatile m em ory, d o not pow er d ow n cam era or cam era
m em ory m ay be corru pted .

To save all cu rrent pixel coefficients to EEROM, u se the com m and wpc.

To restore the last saved u ser settings and the FPN and PRN U coefficients, u se the
com m and rus.
Factory Settings
restore
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User Settings /
EEROM
Current
Session
w rite / restore
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3.6 Setting Baud Rate
To set the speed of the cam era serial com m u nication port, u se the com m and :
Syntax:
sbr i
Syntax Elem ents:
i
Baud rate. Available baud rates are: 9600 (Default), 19200, 57600,
and 115200.
N otes:


Exam ple:
sbr 57600
Pow er-on rate is alw ays 9600 baud .
The rc (reset cam era) com m an d w ill not reset the cam era to the
pow er-on baud rate.
3.7 Setting the Data Mode
To select the cam era ou tpu t m od e, u se the com m and :
Syntax:
sdm i
Syntax Elem ents:
i
See Table 8: Mod e Selection Values below for allow able param eter
values.
N otes:
Exam ple:
To obtain the current d ata m od e, use the com m and gcp.
sdm 0
In the table below , ports A-F refer to ports in the Cam era Link specification.
Table 8: Mode Selection Values
Mode
Description
0
8-bit, using A/ B/ C/ D ports for single processor configuration
1
10-bit, using A/ B/ C and D/ E/ F for single processor configuration
2
8-bit using ports A/ B and D/ E for d ual processor config uration
3
10-bit, using A/ B/ C and D/ E/ F for d ual processor configuration
To obtain the cu rrent d ata m od e, u se the com m and gcp.
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3.8 Setting the Video Mode
The vid eo m od e sets w hether the cam era is ru nning in calibrated or u ncalibrated m od e,
or if it is generating a test p attern.
To set the vid eo m od e, u se the com m and :
Syntax:
svm i
Syntax Elem ents:
i
Vid eo m od e to use. Allow able values are:
0 Uncalibrated vid eo, d eactivated vid eo correction
1 Calibrated vid eo, activated vid eo correction
2 Test pattern right
To obtain the current vid eo m od e, use the com m and gcp.
N otes:
3.9 Setting Line Rate and Exposure Mode
The cam era’s line rate (synchronization) is generated internally or inpu t from a fram e
grabber/ host system . With six d ifferent exposu re m od e settings, the Piranha 2 d elivers
m any possibilities for flexible cam era tim ing. Table 9 ou tlines each of these six exposu re
m od es, and is follow ed by a fu ll explanation on how to set the cam era’s fram e rate and
exposu re tim e.
Table 9: Piranha 2 Exposure Modes
Programmable Line Rate Programmable Exposure Time
Mode SYNC
PRIN
Description
1
Internal
Internal
No
No
Maxim um line rate and exposure tim e
(factory setting)
2
Internal
Internal
Yes
Yes
Exposure control OFF until a set
com m and is sent
3
External
Internal
No
No
Maxim um exposure tim e
4
External
Internal
No
No
Sm art EXSYN C
5
External
External
No
No
6
External
Internal
No
Yes
Fixed integration tim e
To obtain the cu rrent valu e of the exposu re m od e, u se the com m and gcp.
When setting the cam era to external signal m od es, EXSYN C and / or PRIN m u st be
su pp lied .
Overview: Setting Line Rate and Exposure Time
The cam era’s line rate (synchronization) can be generated internally throu gh softw are
com m and s or inpu t externally from a fram e grabber/ host system . To select how you
w ant the cam era’s line rate to be generated :
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1.
You m u st first set the cam era m od e u sing the sem com m and . Refer to Setting the
Exposu re Mod e on the follow ing page for d etails.
2.
Then, w hen applicable, u se the com m and s ssf (m od e 2 only) to set the line rate
and / or set (m od e 2 or 6), to set the exposu re tim e. Refer to Setting Line Rate and
Setting Exposu re Tim e below for d etails.
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Setting the Exposure Mode
To select an exposu re m od e, u se the com m and :
Syntax:
sem i
Syntax Elem ents:
i
Exposure m od e to use. Factory setting is 1. Refer to Table
9 on page 27 for a list of available m od es.
N otes:
To obtain the current value of the exposure m od e, use the
com m and gcp.
Related Com m and s:
ssf, set
Exam ple:
sem 3
Setting Line Rate
Cam era m u st be operating in exposu re m od e 2.
To set the line rate, u se the com m and :
Syntax:
ssf i
Syntax Elem ents:
i
Desired line rate in H z. Allow able range is 1000H z to the
cam era’s m axim um line rate. See Table 1. Piranha 2
Operating Requirem ents and Ranges for m axim um line
rates.
N otes:
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
To read the current line rate frequency, use the com m and
gcp.

If you enter an invalid line rate frequency, the valid range of
values w ill be d isplayed.
Related Com m and s:
sem, set
Exam ple:
ssf 3000
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Setting Exposure Time
Cam era m u st be operating in exposu re m od e 2 or 6.
To set the cam era exposu re tim e, u se the com m and :
Syntax:
set f
Syntax Elem ents:
f
Floating point num ber in µsecs.
N otes:

To read the current exposure tim e, use the com m and gcp.

If you enter an invalid exposure tim e, the valid range of
values w ill be d isplayed.
Related Com m and s:
sem, ssf
Exam ple:
set 2100
3.10 Setting a Region of Interest
The roi com m and sets the p ixel range u sed to collect the end of line statistic and sets the
region of pixels u sed in the cag, cao, gl, gla, ccf, and ccp com m and s.
To d efine a region of interest, u se the com m and :
Syntax:
roi x1 x2
Syntax Elem ents:
x1
Pixel start num ber. Must be an od d num ber and less
than the pixel end num ber.
x2
Pixel end num ber. Must be an even num ber and greater
than the pixel start num ber.
Related Com m and s
cag, cao, gl, gla, ccf, ccp
Exam ple:
roi 10 50
3.11 Returning Video Information
The cam era’s m icrocontroller has the ability to read vid eo d ata. This fu nctionality can be
u sed to verify cam era operation and to perform basic testing w ithou t having to connect
the cam era to a fram e grabber. This inform ation is also u sed for collecting line statistics
for calibrating the cam era.
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Returning a Single Line of Video
The gl com m and retu rns a com plete line of vid eo (w ithou t d igital processing or test
pattern) d isplaying one pixel valu e after another. It also d isplays the m inim u m ,
m axim u m , and m ean valu e of the line sam pled . If a region of interest has been set, the
statistics are generated for the region of interest only.
Use this com m and , or the follow ing gla com m and , to ensu re the proper vid eo inpu t
range into the processing chain before execu ting any pixel calibration com m and s.
To retu rn a single line of vid eo, u se the com m and :
Syntax:
gl [x1] [x2]
Syntax Elem ents:
[x1]
Optional param eter. This sets the start pixel to d isplay
on screen. Allow able range is 1 to sensor pixel count.
This param eter d oes not affect the Min, Max, and Mean
statistics generated at the end of the line output.
[x2]
Optional param eter. This sets the end pixel to d isplay on
screen. Allow able range is 1 to sensor pixel count. This
param eter d oes not affect the Min, Max, and Mean
statistics generated at the end of the line output.
N otes:
Exam ple:

If you d o not specify a pixel range to d isplay, the line output
w ill display all sensor pixels on screen.

If a region of interest has been set using the roi com m and ,
the Min, Max, and Mean statistics at the end of the line
output includ e statistics for the region of interest only.

If you are using the 4 tap m od el, and your region of interest
is in one half of the sensor only (taps 1 and 2, or taps 3 and 4),
the values d isplayed on screen for the taps outsid e the ROI
are a m ean of the ROI line statistics.

Values returned are in DN .
gl 10 20
Returning Multiple Lines of Video
You can also retu rn the average for m u ltiple lines of vid eo d ata . The nu m ber of lines to
sam ple is set and ad ju sted by the css com m and . The cam era d isplays the Min., Max., and
Mean statistics. If you are u sing a region of interest, the cam era d isplays the statistics for
the region of interest only.
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To set the nu m ber of lines to sam ple, u se the com m and :
Syntax:
css i
Syntax Elem ents:
i
N otes:
Exam ple:
N um ber of lines to sam ple. Allow able values are 16, 32,
or 64 (factory setting).
To return the current setting, use the gcp com m and .
css 32
To retu rn the average of m u ltiple lines of vid eo, u se the com m and :
Syntax:
gla [x1] [x2]
Syntax Elem ents:
[x1]
Optional param eter. This sets the start pixel to d isplay
on screen. Allow able range is 1 to sensor pixel count.
This value d oes not affect the Min, Max, and Mean
statistics generated at the end of the line output.
[x2]
Optional param eter. This sets the end pixel to d isplay on
screen. Allow able range is 1 to sensor pixel count. This
value d oes not affect the Min, Max, and Mean statistics
generated at the end of the line output.
N otes:
Exam ple:

If you d o not specify a pixel range to d isplay, the line output
w ill display all sensor pixels on screen.

If a region of interest has been set using the roi com m and ,
the Min, Max, and Mean statistics at the end of the line
output includ e statistics for the region of interest only.

If you are using the 4 tap m od el, and your region of interest
is in one half of the sensor only (taps 1 and 2, or taps 3 and 4),
the values d isplayed on screen for the taps outsid e the ROI
are a m ean of the ROI line statistics.

Values returned are in DN .
gl 10 20
3.12 Optimizing Offset Performance
Optim izing offset perform ance in the analog d om ain allow s you to achieve a better
signal-to-noise ratio (d ynam ic range) than you w ou ld achieve by trying to optim ize the
offset in the d igital d om ain.
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Setting Analog Offset
To set the analog offset of the cam era, u se the com m and :
Syntax:
sao t i
Syntax Elem ents:
t
Tap selection. Allow able range is 1 to 4, or 0 for all taps.
i
Analog offset value. Allow able range is 0 to 1023.
N otes:
Exam ple:

The offset increases linearly w ith higher values. A value of
100 d oes not equal an offset of 100DN .

The resulting analog offset value d epend s on other cam era
param eters such as tem peratu re, line rate, and gain.

The offset for calibrated and uncalibrated vid eo is set a nd
saved separately.
sao 0 200
Subtracting Offset or Background
To su btract the vid eo scene offset or any other backgrou nd from the ou tpu t vid eo signal,
u se the com m and :
Syntax:
ssb t i
Syntax Elem ents:
t
Tap selection. Allow able range is 1 to 4, or 0 for all taps.
i
Subtracted value in a range from 0 to 511.
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N otes:
When subtracting a d igital value from the d igital vid eo signal the
output can no longer reach its m axim um . Use the ssg com m and
to correct for th is. See section 3.13 Setting Gains for d etails on the
ssg com m and .
Exam ple:
ssb 0 20
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Subtracting Offset in Calibrated Mode
To su btract the A/ D offset from the vid eo signal in calibrated m od e only ( svm 1), prior to
the PRN U correction, u se the com m and :
Syntax:
sdo t i
Syntax Elem ents:
t
Tap selection. Allow able range is 1 to 4, or 0 for all taps.
i
Subtracted offset value in a range from 0 to 511.
N otes:
Exam ple:

When subtracting a d igital value from the d igital vid eo
signal, the output can no longer reach its m axim um . Use the
ssg com m and to correct for this. See section 3.13 Setting
Gains for d etails on the ssg com m and .

Available in calibrated m od e only (svm 1).
sdo 0 100
Calibrating Offset
To calibrate the analog offset, u se the com m and :
Syntax:
cao t i
Syntax Elem ents:
t
Tap selection. Allow able range is 1 to 4, or 0 for all taps.
i
The line average in a range d epend ent on the current
cam era d ata m od e setting.
8 bit: 1 to 100DN
10 bit: 4 to 400DN
See section 3.11 Returning Vid eo Inform ation for m ore
inform ation on line averages
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N otes:
This com m and sets offset in uncalibrated m od e (svm 0).
Exam ple:
cao 0 100
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3.13 Setting Gains
Optim izing gain in the analog d om ain allow s you to achieve a better signal-to-noise ratio
(d ynam ic range) than you w ou ld achieve by trying to optim ize the gain in the d igital
d om ain.
To set the analog gain m od e, u se the com m and :
Syntax:
sg t f
Syntax Elem ents:
t
Tap selection. Allow able range is 1 to 4, or 0 for all taps.
f
Gain setting. A gain value of 0 sets the cam era to its
nom inal gain (0d B). The specified gain value range is
from –10 to 10d B.
Exam ple:
sg 0 5.2
To set the d igital gain, follow ing a backgrou nd su btraction, u se the com m and :
Syntax:
ssg t i
Syntax Elem ents:
t
Tap selection. Allow able range is 1 to 4, or 0 for all taps.
i
Gain setting. The gain ranges are 0 to 511 (equal to a gain
from 1 to 1.999). Use this com m and in conjunction w ith
the ssb com m and .
Related Com m and s:
ssb
Exam ple:
ssg 1 15
Calibrating Gains
Instead of setting the analog gain to a specific valu e, you can have the cam era d eterm ine
the gain valu e by provid ing the cam era w ith an average ou tpu t level to u se.
Note: This fu nction requ ires a constant light inpu t w hile it execu tes. This featu re is
beneficial for achieving a com m on ou tpu t level for m u ltiple cam eras in a system .
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To calibrate the analog gain:
Syntax:
cag t i
Syntax Elem ents:
t
Tap selection. Allow able range is 1 to 4, or 0 for all taps.
i
Line average in a range d epend ent on th e current cam era
d ata m od e setting:
8-bit: 64 to 251 DN
10 bit: 256 to 1007 DN
See section 3.11 Returning Vid eo Inform ation for m ore
inform ation on line averages
N otes:

This function requires constant light input w hile executing.

This com m and sets gain in uncalibrated m od e.
Related Com m and s:
gla, gl
Exam ple:
cag 1 156
3.14 How to Calibrate the Camera
Calibration Overview
This cam era has the ability to calibrate itself in ord er to rem ove non -u niform ity in the
im age. This vid eo correction operates on a pixel-by-pixel basis and im plem ents a tw o
point correction for each p ixel. This correction can red u ce or elim inate im age d istortion
cau sed by the follow ing factors:
Fixed Pattern N oise (FPN )
Photo Response N on Uniform ity (PRN U)
Lens and light sou rce non -u niform ity
The tw o point correction is im plem ented su ch that for each pixel:
Voutput = (Vinput - FPN ( pixel ) - d igital offset) * PRN U(pixel)
w here
Voutput
=
d igital ou tpu t pixel valu e
Vinput
=
d igital inpu t pixel valu e from the CCD
PRN U( pixel)
=
PRN U correction coefficient for this pixel
FPN ( pixel )
=
FPN correction coefficient for this pixel
The calibration algorithm is perform ed in tw o step s. The fixed offset (FPN ) is d eterm ined
first by perform ing a calibration w ithou t any light. This calibration d eterm ines exactly
how m u ch offset to su btract per pixel in ord er to obtain flat ou tpu t w hen the CCD is not
exposed .
The w hite light calibration is perform ed next to d eterm ine the m u ltiplication factors
requ ired to bring each pixel to the requ ired valu e (balance target) for flat, w hite ou tpu t.
Vid eo ou tpu t is set slightly above the brightest pixel (d ep end ing on offset su btracted ).
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For FPN (d ark light) the valu e of all pixels m u st be betw een 1DN and 127DN . For PRN U
(w hite light) the valu e m u st be betw een 128DN and 254DN . Use the gl com m and to
ensu re the proper inpu t to the d igital processing, V input .
White light calibration w ill gain u p to m axim u m w hite lig ht pixel plu s the m axim u m
FPN su btract pixel.
When perform ing any cam era calibration, rand om noise is m inim ized by averaging ou t
u p to 64 lines of valid d ata. To ad ju st the sam ple line size, u se the css i com m and ,
w here i is 16, 32, 64 (factory setting). A low er valu e red u ces the cam era’s calibration tim e,
at the expense of increased coefficient error.
Calibration time
Typical
1024
2048
4096
6144
8192
10 sec.
19 sec.
38 sec.
85 sec.
115 sec.
LED blinks green w hile calibrating. IMPORTANT: While camera is blinking green,
do not power down camera or memory may be corrupted.
Calibration Steps Overview
1. Change cam era vid eo m od e to calibrated u sing the com m and svm 1
2. Set u p the cam era operating environm ent (i.e. line rate, exposu re, gain, etc.)
3. Make su re there are su itable calibration targets. The target to calibrate shou ld be a flat
field , e.g. plastic or ceram ic for w hite calibration.
4. Set the calibration sam ple size u sing the com m and css (see Retu rning Mu ltiple
Lines of Vid eo p age 30).
5. Perform Dark (FPN ) calibration (see Dark Calibration on page 36).
6. Perform White (PRN U) calibration (see White Light Calibration on page 37).
7. Save settings and pixel coefficients u sing the com m and s wus and wpc.
N ote: It is im portant to d o the FPN calibration first. Resu lts of the FPN calibration are
u sed in the PRN U proced u re. We recom m end that you repeat the calibration w hen a
tem peratu re change greater than 10°C occu rs.
Dark Calibration
Dark calibration is u sed to rem ove the fixed analog offset from the vid eo p ath. It is
recom m end ed you repeat the calibration w hen a tem peratu re change greater than 10°C
occu rs.
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To perform dark calibration:
1.
Stop all light from entering the cam era. (Tip: cover lens w ith a lens cap.)
2.
Verify that ou tpu t signal level is w ithin range by issu ing the com m and gl or
gla (a valid range is 1-127). If the signal level is too low , ad ju st the analog offset
(sao). If the signal level is too high, ensu re that no light is entering the cam era,
red u ce the analog offset or red u ce the gain level ( sg).
3.
Issu e the com m and ccf. The cam era w ill resp ond w ith OK> if no error occu rs. Dark
calibration au tom atically calibrates FPN coefficients and d igital offset.
To perform a dark calibration w ith an analog offset value:
Use the ccf [i] com m and , w here i is the analog offset DN . When the optional
param eter is provid ed , this com m and sets the analog offset first to i before calcu lating
the FPN coefficients range from 1 to 100DN for 8-bit d ata m od e, and 4 to 400DN for
10-bit d ata m od e for the specified region of interest. If valu e is left blank, cu rrent offset
valu es are u sed .
4.
After the calibration is com plete, you can save these settings, and the PRN U
coefficients, to non-volatile m em ory so they w ill be rem em bered after p ow er -d ow n.
To d o so, issu e the com m and wpc.
White Light Calibration
Note: If your
illumination or white
reference does not
extend the full field of
view of the camera,
calibration will not be
successful. The camera
will send a warning.
White light calibration is m ore com plex than d ark calibration becau se the cam era
attem pts to create a flat w hite im age. This calibration corrects PRN U effects as w ell as
non-u niform lighting and lens vignetting affects.
White light calibration requ ires a clean, w hite reference. The qu ality of this reference is
im portant for p roper calibration. White paper is often not su fficient becau se the grain in
the w hite paper w ill d istort the correction. White plastic or w hite ceram ic w ill lead to
better balancing.
There are several restrictions that m u st be m et in ord er for the calibration to su cceed :
1. The cam era is su fficiently sensitive to d etect 60 H z am bient light flicker w hich m ay
affect cam era perform ance and calibration resu lts.
2. The light level m u st be set so that all pixels are betw een 64DN and 254DN , otherw ise
a w arning w ill be sent stating that the cam era cou ld not calibra te all pixels to the sam e
level. Use the gl com m and to d eterm ine inpu t level. If the signal level is too low or
too high, ad ju st analog gain u sing the com m and sg.
These restrictions are all tested w ithin the calibration algorithm and the cam era w ill
report an inform al m essage cod e if any of these cond itions cou ld not be m et.
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To perform a w hite light calibration:
1.
Place a w hite reference in front of the cam era.
2.
Verify that ou tpu t signal level is w ithin range by issu ing the com m and gl or gla
(valid range is 128-254). If signal level is too low or too high, ad ju st the gain u sing the
com m and sg.
3.
Instru ct the cam era to perform a w hite light calibration u sing the com m and ccp. The
cam era w ill respond w ith OK> if no error occu rs.
To perform a w hite light calibration w ith an analog gain value:
Use the ccp [i] com m and . When the optional p aram eter is provid ed the analog gain
is ad ju sted to prod u ce an average w hite pixel level that is equ ivalent to the param eter.
This com m and sets the analog gain first to i before calcu lating the PRN U coefficients
range from 64 to 251DN for 8-bit d ata m od e, and 256 to 1007DN for 10-bit d ata m od e.
If valu e is left blank, cu rrent gain valu es are u sed .
4.
After the calibration is com plete, you can save these settings to non -volatile m em ory
so they w ill be rem em bered after p ow er -d ow n. To d o so, issu e the com m and wpc.
Returning Calibration Results and Errors
After calibration, you can retrieve the resu lts u sing the com m and dpc. This fu nction
retu rns all the pixel coefficients in the ord er FPN , PRN U, FPN , PRN U… The cam era also
retu rns the pixel nu m ber w ith each coefficient.
To set a range for the retu rned coefficients p rovid e an optional pixel start and end valu e:
Example: display pixel coefficient from pixel 10 to 20
dpc 10 20
The com m and gcp retu rns all other settings.
3.15 Setting and Reading FPN Coefficients
You can set or read an ind ivid u al pixel’s FPN coefficient.
To set the FPN coefficient, u se the com m and :
Syntax:
sfc i i
Syntax Elem ents:
i
The pixel num ber from 1 to the pixel count.
i
Coefficient value in a range from 0 to 127.
Exam ple:
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sfc 10 50
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To read the FPN coefficient, u se the com m and :
Syntax:
gfc i
Syntax Elem ents:
i
The pixel num ber to read .
Exam ple:
gfc 10
3.16 Setting and Reading PRNU Coefficients
You can set or read an ind ivid u al pixel’s PRN U coefficient.
To set the PRN U coefficient, u se the com m and :
Syntax:
spc i i
Syntax Elem ents:
i
The pixel num ber from 1 to the pixel count.
i
Coefficient value in a range from 0 to 511 w here:
i
PixelPRNU  1  512
Exam ple:
spc 10 50
To read the PRN U coefficient, u se the com m and :
Syntax:
gpc i
Syntax Elem ents:
i
The pixel num ber to read .
Exam ple:
gpc 10
3.17 Generating Test Patterns
The cam era can generate a test pattern to aid in system d ebu gging. Use the com m and
svm 2 to activate the test pattern. The test pattern is a ram p from 0 to 255DN , then starts
at 0 again. Use the test pattern to verify the proper tim ing and connections betw een the
cam era and the fram e grabber.
End-of-line Sequence
To fu rther aid d ebu gging, the cam era can generate an end -of-line sequ ence. The end -ofline-sequ ence ou tpu ts "aa", "55", "aa", "line cou nter", "line average", "pixels above
threshold ", "pixels below threshold ", "d erivative line su m ". To activate the end -of-line
sequ ence, u se the com m and els 1. To d isable the end -of-line sequ ence, u se the
com m and els 0.
Use the sut and slt com m and s to set threshold valu es betw een 0 and 255 for 8-bit d ata
m od es, or 0 to 1023 for 10-bit d ata m od es.
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3.18 Monitoring the Camera
The cam era is equ ipped w ith a red / green LED u sed to d isplay the operational statu s of
the cam era. The follow ing table su m m arizes the operating states of the cam era and the
correspond ing LED states:
LED state
Priority
Camera
Status
Condition
Blinking RED
1
Error
Fatal hard w are failure
Stead y RED
2
Warning
Monitoring task failure
Blinking GREEN
3
Progress
Lengthy operation in progress. While
cam era is blinking green, d o not pow er
d ow n cam era or m em ory m ay be corrupted .
Stead y GREEN
4
OK
H ealthy
N ote: When m ore than one cond ition is active, the LED ind icates th e cond ition w ith the
highest priority. Error and w arning states are accom p anied by correspond ing m essages
fu rther d escribing the cu rrent cam era statu s.
Monitoring Tasks
The cam era enters a w arning state w hen any of cam era's continu ou sly ru nning
m onitoring tasks d etects a failu re. Use the wed i i com m and , w here the first param eter
is the m onitoring task and the second p aram eter is the enable or d isable valu e, to d isp lay
the statu s of all the d efined m onitory tasks (if no p aram eter is passed ) and / or to
enable/ d isable specific m onitoring tasks.
N ote: If you are perform ing d efect d etection d ow n to a single pixel, enabling m onitori ng
tasks is not ad visable becau se m onitoring can occu r d u ring active vid eo and cou ld
potentially provid e erroneou s d ata.
The follow ing table lists the m onitoring tasks:
Monitoring
task number
Code
0
MONITORING TASK
DESCRIPTION
All
Enable/ d isable all m onitoring tasks
1
1
Voltage Monitoring
Monitors all cam era voltages
2
2
Tem perature Monitoring
Monitors cam era tem perature
3
4
External SYN C presence
Monitors presence of external SYN C
4
8
External PRIN presence
Monitors presence of external PRIN
5
16
Gain Out Of Spec
Monitoring
Monitors current setting of analog
gain
6
32
Line Rate Below 1 Khz
Monitors current line rate
Value
Function
0
Disable selected task
1
Enable selected task
N ote: by d efau lt all m onitoring tasks are enabled except voltage m o nitoring.
Example: enable all monitoring tasks
wed 0 1
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Example: disable EXSYNC presence
wed 3 0
Temperature Measurement
The tem peratu re of the cam era can be d eterm ined by u sing the vt com m and . This
com m and w ill retu rn the tem peratu re insid e the cover in d egrees Celsiu s. For p roper
operation, this valu e shou ld not exceed 75°C.
Voltage Measurement
The com m and vv checks the cam era’s inpu t voltage and internal voltages d u ring p ow er u p. If they are w ithin the proper range, the cam era retu rns OK>. Otherw ise the cam era
retu rns an error m essage. N ote that the voltage m easu rem ent featu re of the cam era
provid es only app roxim ate resu lts (typically w ithin 10%). They shou ld not be u sed to set
the applied voltage to the cam era. The pu rpose of this test is to isolate gross problem s
w ith the su pply voltages.
3.19 Rebooting the Camera
The com m and rc reboots the cam era. The cam era starts u p w ith the last saved settings.
Previou sly saved pixel coefficients are also restored .
3.20 Setting the Pre-trigger
A pre-trigger m ay be requ ired for som e fram e grabbers.
To set the pre-trigger, u se the com m and :
Syntax:
sp i
Syntax Elem ents:
i
Pretrigger value from 0 to 15.
Exam ple:
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sp 10
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4
Optical, Mechanical, and
Thermal Considerations
4.1 Mechanical Interface
The cam era’s electronics are hou sed in a ru gged ized lightw eight alu m inu m case.
Mounting
The cam era can be m ou nted u sing the M3 holes (m etric-thread ed ) on its base or top, and
on its front plate at the corners.
Environment
The cam era and cables shou ld be shield ed from environm ental noise sou rces fo r best
operation. The cam era shou ld also be kept as cool as possible. The specified operating
tem peratu re is 10–50°C m easu red at the front plate, (the correspond ing am bient
tem peratu re range w ith still air is 0°C to 37°C). Mou nting holes (refer above) allow you to
attach heat sinking.
Thermal Management
For any CCD cam era optim al perform ance is achieved by transferring heat aw ay from the
sensor. Keeping a sensor ―cool‖ red u ces the am ou nt of d ark cu rrent ge nerated . Dark
cu rrent is the lead ing contribu tor to FPN , PRN U, d ark offset, rand om noise and other
perform ance specifications, especially w hen a cam era is significantly gained (i.e. +10d b).
Generally, d ark cu rrent d ou bles for every 7°C increase in tem perat u re at the sensor and
increases linearly w ith integration tim e. Fu rther variations in d ark cu rrent cannot be
com pensated for w ith ou r flat-field correction algorithm s. For this reason, at high gains
(+10d B), high tem peratu res (40°C front plate), and low line rates, it is recom m end ed that
you recalibrate the flat-field coefficients w hen the tem peratu re shifts by ±10°C.
N ote: Upon initial pow er-u p the front plate cam era tem p eratu re is near am bient. It is
recom m end ed to perform flat-field correction once the cam era gets w ithin 10°C of its
stead y state tem peratu re. For Piranha 2, at an am bient tem peratu re of 25°C and w ith no
airflow , the cam era takes 90 m inu tes to achieve stead y state and 20 m inu tes to reach
w ithin 10°C of stead y state. If you r system cannot perform flat-field correction after
w arm -u p consid er the recom m end ed m ethod s of red u cing d ark cu rrent and overall
cam era tem peratu res (see below ).
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Reducing Dark Current
The Piranha 2 m echanicals have been optim ized to transfer heat from the sensor to the
front plate. Therefore, to red u ce d ark cu rrent the front plate is the id eal place to m ou nt
heat sinks.
The heat fins on Piranha 2 im prove cond u ction and provid e a greater su rface area for
convection (airflow ). Mou nt fans aw ay from the cam era to avoid vibration, and d irect the
airflow on the heat fins to d ecrease the tem peratu re d elta betw een am bient and front
plate tem peratu res. Convection is the id eal m ethod to m inim ize cam era w arm -u p tim es
and red u ce d ark cu rrent generation.
Both m ethod s— either cond u ction throu gh heat sinking, or convection throu gh air flow —
greatly red u ce d ark cu rrent and w ill im prove you r system perform ance.
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Figure 8: Piranha 2, 2 tap models
Pixel 1 (1K) 19.88±0.18
Pixel 1 (2K) 14.76 ±0.18
Pixel 1 (4K) 10.66 ±0.18
Optical distance
6.56±0.25
Camera surface
to die surface
27.0
M3x0.5 - 6H (4x)
6.0 Deep
85.0
STAT US
54.9 (2x)
32.5
10.5
57.0 (2x)
CONT ROL /DATA 1
4.0 (2x)
89.2
60.3
M42x1
4.5 Deep
POWE R
9.0 (2X)
4.0 (2x)
56.1
49.3
53.8
1k/2k (10µm), 4k (7µm)
2 Tap with F-mount
6.0 (4x)
1k/2k (10µm), 4k (7µm)
2 Tap with C-mount
32.0 (2X)
M3x0.5 - 6H (4x)
5.0 Deep
10.3
42.0 (2x)
50.0
Units: mm
9.1 (2x)
3.5 (2x)
M72X0.75
10.5
6.0 (4x)
49.3
53.7
54.9 (2x)
32.5
46.81 (2x)
58.0 (2x)
89.2
62.3
Ø78.0
Optical distance
6.56±0.25
camera surface
to die surface
19.1 (2X)
3.5 (2X)
65.0
85.0
6k (7 µm), 4k (10 µm)
2 tap with F mount
6k/8k (7µm), 4k (10 µm)
2 tap with large format
adapter
PIXEL 1 (4K) 22.02 ±0.18
PIXEL 1 (6K) 21.00 ±0.18
PIXEL 1 (8K) 13.83 ±0.18
M3x0.5 - 6H (4X)
7.0 DEEP
M2x0.4 - 6H(4X)
7.0 DEEP
7.5 (2x)
25.0
70.0 (2x)
M3x0.5 - 6H (4x)
5.0 DEEP
46.81 (2X)
78.0 (2X)
85.0
Figure 9: Piranha 2, 4 tap, 10 µm models
2K Camera
4K Camera
Pixel 1 (4k) 22.02±0.18
PIXEL 1 (2K)
32.26 ±0.18
85.0
19.1 (2x)
M3x0.5 - 6H (4x)
7.0 deep
M42x1 - 6H
x 4.5 deep
M3x0.5 (4x)
6 deep
32.8 (2x)
3.5 (2x)
10.9 (2x)
A
85.0
64.0 (2x)
10.5 (2x)
65.0
85.0
CONT ROL
DATA 1
58.0 (2x)
46.81 (2x)
32.5
85.0
58.0
65.0
M2x0.4 - 6H (4x)
7.0 deep
85.0
65.0
DATA 2
STAT US
32.50±0.18
CCD IMAGING
CENTER
POWE R
3.5
(2x)
3.5 (2x)
9.1 (2x)
46.81 (2x)
78.0 (2X)
49.3
53.8
78.0 (2x)
10.0
54.8
32.1
10.5
24.9
41.6
(2x)
85.0
6.0 (4X)
Units: mm
M3x0.5
(4x)
7.5 (2X)
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70.0 (2X)
Camera assembly with
C-mount lens adapter
Scale (1:2)
Camera assembly with
F-mount lens adapter
Scale (1:2)
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Figure 10: Piranha 2, 4 tap, 7 µm models
M3x0.5 - 6H (4x)
5.0 deep
M72x0.75
65.0
85.0
70.0 (2X)
19.1 (2x)
3.5 (2x)
58.0 (2x)
7.5 (2X)
Pixel 1 (4k) 28.16±0.18
Pixel 1 (6k) 21.00±0.18
Pixel 1 (8k) 13.83±0.18
M3x0.5 - 6H (4x)
7.0 deep
M2x0.4 - 6H (4x)
7.0 deep
46.81 (2x)
6.0 (4x)
89.2
Ø78.0
49.3
53.7
Optical distance
6.56±0.25
camera surface to
die surface
32.5
Standard 4k/6k 4 tap with
F mount
62.3
Standard 8k 4 tap with
large format adapter
9.1 (2x)
3.5 (2x)
46.81 (2x)
54.9 (2x)
10.5
CONTROL
DATA 1
DATA 2
STATUS
78.0 (2x)
85.0
32.1 (2x)
P OWER
25.0
Units: mm
Slimeline 8k 4 tap
with large format adapter
SLIMLINE 8K 4 TAP
WITH LARGE FORMAT ADAPTER
66.8 49.3
13.0
76.0
6.0
(4x)
7.5 (2x)
5.6
Pixel 1 (8k) 9.32±0.18
22.8
105.0
61.0 (2x)
78.0
85.0
DATA 2
STATUS
42.50±0.18
Pixel 1
10.0
3.5
3.5 (2x)
69.0
M3x0.5 - 6H
6.0 deep (4x)
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39.6
(2x)
CONTROL
DATA 1
M72x0.75
M3x0.5 - 6H
5.0 deep
(4x)
32.8
37.6
P OWER
16.0
22.9
6.56±0.25
Optical distance
(active area to front
plate mount surface)
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4.2 Optical Interface
Depend ing u pon resolu tion the cam eras can be ord ered w ith d ifferent lens m ou nts. The
follow ing table p rovid es this inform ation.
Lens Mounts
Camera
Configuration
Available Lens Mount
Options
1K, 2 Tap
N o m ount and C-m ount
2K, 2 Tap , 4 Tap
N o m ount, C-m ount and F-m ount
4K, 2 Tap
N o m ount and F-m ount and
M72x0.75 (10µm m od el only)
4K, 4 Tap
N o m ount, F-m ount and M72x0.75
6K, 2 Tap
N o m ount, F-m ount and M72x0.75
6K, 4 Tap
N o m ount, F-m ount and M72x0.75
8K, 2 Tap
N o m ount, and M72x0.75
8K, 4 Tap
N o m ount, and M72x0.75
All C-m ou nt and F-m ou nt ad apters have the ap propriate back focal d istance for the lens
type being u sed . Ensu re that the im age circle d iam eter of the lens to be u sed is as great as
the length of the im aging region. The follow ing table provid es inform ation regard ing the
lens m ou nt u sed and the back focal d istan ce. The M72x0.75 lens ad apter originated from
the high-end photography stand ard . Distances to its inner flat su rface and the ou ter flat
su rface are provid ed .
Mount
Back Focal Distance (sensor die to
adapter)
C-Mount
17.52 ±0.25m m
F-Mount
46.5 ±0.25m m
M72x0.75
19.55m m (nom inal)—outer flat surface
Detailed m echanicals, inclu d ing front plate opening sizes, and the d istance from the
sensor d ie to the opening, can be fou nd in section 4.1 Mechanical Interface.
N ote: Lens m anu factu rers have read ily available lens m ou nts and lenses to ad apt to the
M72x0.75 ad apter available on the 6K and 8K cam eras.
Illumination
The am ou nt and w avelengths of light requ ired to captu re u sefu l im ages d epend on t he
particu lar ap plication. Factors inclu d e the natu re, speed , and spectral characteristics of
objects being im aged , exp osu re tim es, light sou rce characteristics, environm ental and
acqu isition system specifics, and m ore. The Know led ge Center page on ou r w ebsite,
w w w .teled yned alsa.com / m v/ know led ge/ appnotes.asp x, has an introd u ction to this
potentially com plicated issu e posted . See ―Rad iom etry and Photo Responsivity‖ and
"Sensitivities in Photom etric Units" in the CCD Technology Prim er fou nd u nd er the
Ap plication Su p port link.
It is often m ore im portant to consid er exposu re than illu m ination. The total am ou nt of
energy (w hich is related to the total nu m ber of photons reaching the sensor) is m ore
2
im portant than the rate at w hich it arrives. For exam ple, 5J/ cm can be achieved by
2
2
exposing 5m W/ cm for 1m s ju st the sam e as exposing an intensity of 5W/ cm for 1s.
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Light Sources
Keep these gu id elines in m ind w hen setting u p you r light sou rce.
•
•
•
•
LED light sou rces are relatively inexpensive, prov id e a u niform field , and longer life
sp an com pared to other light sou rces. H ow ever, they also requ ire a cam era w ith
excellent sensitivity, su ch as the Piranha 2 cam era.
H alogen light sou rces generally provid e very little blu e relative to IR.
Fiber-optic light d istribu tion system s generally transm it very little blu e relative to IR.
Som e light sou rces age; over their life sp an they prod u ce less light. This aging m ay
not be u niform —a light sou rce m ay prod u ce progressively less light in som e areas of
the spectru m bu t not others.
Filters
CCD cam eras are extrem ely resp onsive to infrared (IR) w avelengths of light. To prevent
infrared from d istorting the im ages you scan, u se a ―hot m irror‖ or IR cu toff filter that
transm its visible w avelengths bu t d oes not transm it w avelengths over 750nm . Exam ples
are the Schneid er Optics™ B+W 489, w hich inclu d es a m ou nting ring, the CORION ™ LS750, w hich d oes not inclu d e a m ou nting ring, and the CORION ™ H R-750 series hot
m irror.
Lens Modeling
Any lens su rrou nd ed by air can be m od eled for cam era p u rposes u sing three p rim ary
points: the first and second p rincip al points and the second focal point. The prim ary
points for a lens shou ld be available from the lens d ata sheet or from the lens
m anu factu rer. Prim ed qu antities d enote characteristics of the im age sid e of the lens. That
is, h is the object height and h is the im age height.
The focal point is the p oint at w hich the im age of an infinitely d istant object is brou ght to
focu s. The effective focal length (f) is the d istance from the second princip al p oint to the
second focal point. The back focal length (BFL) is the d istance from the im age sid e of the
lens su rface to the second focal point. The object distance (OD) is the d istance from the first
principal point to the object.
Figure 11. Primary Points in a Lens System
Magnification and Resolution
The m agnification of a lens is the ratio of the im age size to the object size:
m
h
h
w here m is the m agnification, h’ is the im age height (pixel size)
and h is the object height (d esired object resolu tion size).
By sim ilar triangles, the m agnification is alternatively given by:
m
f
OD
These equ ations can be com bined to give their m ost u sefu l form :
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h
f

h OD
This is the governing equ ation for m any object and im age plane
param eters.
Example: An acqu isition system has a 512 x 512 elem ent, 10m p ixel pitch area scan
cam era, a lens w ith an effective focal length of 45m m , and requ ires that 100m in the
object sp ace correspond to each pixel in the im age sensor. Using the p reced ing equ ation,
the object d istance m u st be 450m m (0.450m ).
10m 45mm

100m
OD
OD  450mm (0.450m)
4.3 Compliance
The Piranha 2 cam eras have been d esigned for EMC com pliance. The test setu p has been
verified to the follow ing EMC stand ard s:
CISPR-22:1997
EN 50082-1:1997
EN 61000-4-2; ±6kV CD, ±8kV AD:1995
EN 61000-4-3; 3V/ m :1996
EN 61000-4-4; 500V, 1100V:1995
Follow these specific gu id elines to ensu re best perform ance:
•
•
•
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Keep Cam era Link cables as short as p ossible.
Ensu re that all cable shield s have 360 electrical connection to the connector.
Fasten and secu re all connectors.
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5
CCD Handling
Instructions
5.1 Electrostatic Discharge and the CCD Sensor
Cam eras contain charge-cou pled d evice (CCD) im age sensors, w hich are m etal oxid e
sem icond u ctor (MOS) d evices and are su sceptible to d am a ge from electrostatic d ischarge
(ESD).
Electrostatic charge introd u ced to the sensor w ind ow su rface can ind u ce charge bu ild u p
on the u nd ersid e of the w ind ow that cannot be read ily d issip ated by the d ry nitrogen gas
in the sensor package cavity. When charge bu ild u p occu rs, su rface-gated photod iod es
(SGPDs) m ay exhibit higher im age lag. Som e SGPD sensors, su ch as the IL-P4 and the ITP4 u sed in the Piranha 2 cam eras, m ay also exhibit a highly non -u niform response w hen
affected by charge bu ild u p, w ith som e pixels d isplaying a m u ch higher response w hen
the sensor is exposed to u niform illu m ination. The charge norm ally d issip ates w ithin 24
hou rs and the sensor retu rns to norm al operation.
!
WARNING: Charge buildup will affect the camera’s flat-field correction calibration. To avoid an
erroneous calibration, ensure that you perform flat-field correction only after a charge buildup
has dissipated over 24 hours.
5.2 Protecting Against Dust, Oil and Scratches
The CCD w ind ow is p art of the optical path and shou ld be han d led like other optical
com ponents, w ith extrem e care.
Du st can obscu re pixels, prod u cing d ark patches on the sensor resp onse. Du st is m ost
visible w hen the illu m ination is collim ated . The d ark p atches shift position as the angle of
illu m ination changes. Du st is norm ally not visible w hen the sensor is p ositioned at the
exit port of an integrating sp here, w here the illu m ination is d iffu se.
Du st can norm ally be rem oved by blow ing the w ind ow su rface u sing a com p ressed air
blow er, u nless the d u st p articles are being held by an electrostatic charge, in w hich case
either an ionized air blow er or w et cleaning is necessary.
Oil is u su ally introd u ced d u ring hand ling. Tou ching the su rface of the w ind ow
barehand ed w ill leave oily resid u es. Using ru bber fingercots and r u bber gloves can
prevent oil contam ination. H ow ever, the friction betw een the ru bber and the w ind ow
m ay prod u ce electrostatic charge that m ay d am age the sensor. To avoid ESD d am age and
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to avoid introd u cing oily resid u es, only hold the sensor from the ed ges of the ceram ic
package and avoid tou ching the sensor pins and the w ind ow .
Scratches can be cau sed by im proper hand ling, cleaning or storage of the sensor. Vacu u m
picking tools shou ld not com e in contact w ith the w ind ow su rface. CCDs shou ld not be
stored in containers w here they are not properly secu red and can slid e against the
container.
Scratches d iffract incid ent illu m ination. When exposed to u niform illu m ination, a sensor
w ith a scratched w ind ow w ill norm ally have brighter pixels ad jacent to d arker pix els. The
location of these pixels changes w ith the angle of illu m ination.
5.3 Cleaning the Sensor Window
1. Use com pressed air to blow off loose p articles. This step alone is u su ally su fficient to
clean the sensor w ind ow .
2. If fu rther cleaning is requ ired , u se a lens w iper m oistened w ith alcohol or acetone.
3. We recom m end u sing lint-free ESD-safe cloth w ipers that d o not contain particles that
can scratch the w ind ow . The Anticon Gold 9‖x 9‖ w iper m ad e by Milliken is both ESD
safe and su itable for class 100 environ m ents. Another ESD acceptable w iper is the
TX4025 from Texw ipe.
4. An alternative to ESD-safe cloth w ipers is Transplex sw abs that have d esirable ESD
properties. There are several varieties available from Texw ipe. Do not u se regu lar
cotton sw abs, since these can introd u ce charge to the w ind ow su rface.
5. Wipe the w ind ow carefu lly and slow ly.
6. When cleaning long linear sensors, it m ay be easier to w ip e along the w id th (i.e. as
opp osed to the length) of the sensor.
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6
Troubleshooting
The inform ation in this chapter can help you solve problem s that m ay occu r d u ring the
setu p of you r cam era. Rem em ber that the cam era is part of the entire acqu isition system .
You m ay have to trou bleshoot any or all of the follow ing:
pow er su pplies
cabling
fram e grabber hard w are & softw are
host com pu ter
light sou rces
optics
operating environm ent
encod er
You r steps in d ealing w ith a technical p roblem shou ld be:
1. Try the general and specific solu tions listed in sections 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3.
2. If these solu tions d o not resolve you r problem , see section 6.4 on getting prod u ct
su pp ort.
6.1 Common Solutions
Connections
The first step in trou bleshooting is to verify that you r cam era has all the correct
connections.
Power Supply Voltages
Check for the presence of all voltages at the cam era p ow er connector. Verify that all
grou nd s are connected .
EXSYNC
When the cam era is pow ered on for the first tim e, it d efau lts (no external inpu t requ ired )
to exposu re m od e 2 (5kH z line rate, and internal Sync to trigger read ou t). After a u ser has
saved settings, the cam era p ow ers u p w ith the saved settings. N ote, a w arning ap pears
w hen sw itching to exposu re m od e requ iring external signals if external signals are not
present (EXSYN C or PRIN ).
PRIN
PRIN is an optional inpu t signal u sed to control exposu re control (PRIN ).
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PRIN
Indicates
H igh
Low
Integration
Pixel reset
Data Clocking/Output Signals
To valid ate cable integrity, have the cam era send ou t a test pattern and verify it is being
properly received . Refer to section D11 Generating Test Patterns for fu rther inform ation.
6.2 Troubleshooting Using the Serial Interface
The follow ing com m and s can aid in d ebu gging. (The com plete com m and protocol is
d escribed in Ap pend ix B and C.)
Communications
To qu ickly verify serial com m u nications send the help com m and . The h com m and
retu rns the online help m enu . If fu rther problem s persist, review Append ix C for m ore
inform ation on com m u nications.
Verify Parameters
To verify the cam era p aram eters, send the gcp com m and . See section C6 Cam era
Param eter Screen for a com p lete explanation of the cam era p aram eters screen.
Verify Factory Calibrated Settings
To restore the cam era’s factory settings and reset the FPN and PRN U co efficients to 0,
send the rfs com m and .
After execu ting this com m and send the gcp com m and to verify the factory settings.
Verify Timing and Digital Video Path
Use the test p attern featu re to verify the proper tim ing and connections betw een the
cam era and the fram e grabber and verify the p roper ou tp u t along the d igital processing
chain. See below .
Generating Test Patterns
The cam era can generate a test pattern to aid in system d ebu gging. Use the com m and
svm 2 to activate the test pattern. The test pattern is a ram p from 0 to 255DN , then starts
at 0 again. Use the test pattern to verify the proper tim ing and connections betw een the
cam era and the fram e grabber.
•
•
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N o test pattern or bad test pattern — May ind icate a problem w ith the cam era (e.g.
m issing bit) or a system setu p problem (e.g. fram e grabber or tim ing). Verify the
presence of the LVAL and STROBE signals.
Test pattern successful — Ru n the svm 0 com m and to d eactivate vid eo correction.
Then ru n the gl com m and u nd er both d ark and light cond itions to retrieve a line of
raw vid eo (no d igital processing). Und er d ark cond itions, w ith factory settings, the
analog offset valu e shou ld be w ithin the specified range (refe r to the u ser
specifications). Ad ju st the analog offset u sing the cao or sao com m and s. Und er
light cond itions, you shou ld receive a valu e.
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Verify Voltage
To check the cam era’s inpu t voltages and internal voltages, u se the vv com m and . If they
are w ithin the proper range, the cam era retu rns OK>. Otherw ise the cam era retu rns an
error m essage.
Verify Temperature
To check the internal tem peratu re of the cam era, u se the vt com m and . For proper
operation, this valu e shou ld not exceed 75°C.
Verify Pixel Coefficients
To activate vid eo correction, send the com m and svm 1. Then u se the dpc com m and to
d isplay the pixel coefficients in the ord er FPN , PRN U, FPN , PRN U… The cam era also
retu rns the pixel nu m ber w ith each coefficient.
End-of-line Sequence
To fu rther aid d ebu gging, the cam era can generate an end -of-line sequ ence. The end -ofline-sequ ence ou tpu ts "aa", "55", "line cou nter", "line average", "pixels above threshold ",
"pixels below threshold ". To activate the end -of-line sequ ence, u se the com m and els 1.
To d isable the end -of-line sequ ence, u se the com m and els 0.
Use the sut and slt com m and s to set threshold valu es betw een 0 and 255 for 8-bit d ata
m od es, or 0 to 1023 for 10-bit d ata m od es.
LED Status
Located on the back of the cam era is a red / green LED u sed to d isplay the operational
statu s of the cam era. Red lights ind icate errors or w arnings and green lights ind icate
progress and OKs. Error and w arning states are accom p anied by correspond ing m essages
fu rther d escribing cu rrent cam era statu s.
Monitoring Tasks
The cam era enters a w arning state w hen any of the cam era's continu ou sly ru nning
m onitoring tasks d etects a failu re. Use the wed com m and to d isplay the statu s of all the
d efined m onitory tasks (if no param eter is p assed ) and / or to enable/ d isable specific
m onitoring tasks.
6.3 Specific Solutions
No Output or Erratic Behavior
If you r cam era provid es no ou tpu t or behaves erratically, it m ay be picking u p rand om
noise from long cables acting as antennae. Do not attach w ires to u nu sed pins. Verify that
the cam era is not receiving spu riou s inpu ts (e.g. EXSYN C or PRIN , if cam era is in
exposu re m od e that regu lates external signals).
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Line Dropout, Bright Lines, or Incorrect Line Rate
Verify that the frequ ency of the internal sync is set correctly, or w hen the cam era is set to
external sync that the EXSYN C signal su pplied to the cam era d oes not exceed the
cam era’s m axim u m specified line rate.
Noisy Output
Check you r pow er su p ply voltage ou tpu ts for noise. N oise present on these lines can
resu lt in poor vid eo qu ality. Low qu ality or non -tw isted pair cable can also ad d noise to
the vid eo ou tpu t.
Dark Patches
If d ark patches appear in you r ou tpu t the optics p ath m ay have becom e contam inated .
Clean you r lenses and sensor w ind ow s w ith extrem e care.
1. Take stand ard ESD precau tions.
2. Wear latex gloves or finger cots
3. Blow off d u st u sing a filtered blow bottle or d ry, filtered com pressed air.
4. Fold a piece of optical lens cleaning tissu e (approx. 3" x 5") to m ake a squ are p ad that
is approxim ately one finger -w id th
5. Moisten the pad on one ed ge w ith 2-3 d rop s of clean solvent—either alcohol or
acetone. Do not satu rate the entire pad w ith solvent.
6. Wipe across the length of the w ind ow in one d irection w ith the m oistened end first,
follow ed by the rest of the p ad . The d ry p art of the pad shou ld follow the m oistened
end . The goal is to prevent solvent from evaporating from the w ind ow su rface, as this
w ill end u p leaving resid u e and streakin g behind .
7. Repeat step s 2-4 u sing a clean tissu e u ntil the entire w ind ow has been cleaned .
8. Blow off any ad hering fibers or particles u sing d ry, filtered com pressed air.
Stuck Bits
If d ata bits seem to be stu ck or d o not change, check that the cam era is not satu rated by
preventing light from entering. To verify the d ata path integrity, check the levels of the 2
test pattern pixels (first 2 pixels follow ing the last End -of-line pixel. You m ay need to tu rn
the End -of-line sequ ence ―on‖ by sen d ing the com m and els 1). Any d eviation from a
consistent valu e of these pixels (170DN / 85DN ) cou ld be an ind ication of the follow ing:
 shorted bits
 stu ck bits
 d igital noise picku p on the I/ O cable
 open connection.
To activate the test p attern, u se the com m an d svm 2. Use the test pattern to verify the
proper tim ing and connections betw een the cam era and fram e grabber.
To receive a com plete line of raw vid eo d ata (w ithou t d igital processing or test p attern)
throu gh the RS232 p ort, u se the com m and gl. The retu rn ed d ata d isplays one p ixel valu e
after another and the m inim u m , m axim u m , and m ean valu e of the sam pled line. Use this
com m and to ensu re the prop er vid eo inpu t range.
Probe the ou tpu t lines w ith an oscilloscope. Disconnect the d igital cable from the cam era
and check the d igital signals at the ou tpu t of the cam era. Ensu re that the correct valu es
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are present. Check all cable connections, especially right at the connector; poor
connections or broken w ires w ill cau se rand om ly changing bits or stu ck bits.
Horizontal Lines or Patterns in Image
A fau lty or irregu lar encod er signal m ay resu lt in horizontal lines d u e to exposu re tim e
flu ctu ations; ensu re that you r exposu re tim e is regu lar. If you have verified that you r
exposu re tim e is consistent and patterns of low frequ ency intensity variations still occu r,
ensu re that you are u sing a DC or high frequ ency light sou rce.
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Appendix A
Camera Link™ Reference
Cam era Link is a com m u nication interface for vision ap plications.
For years, the scientific and ind u strial d igital vid eo m arket has lacked a stand ard m ethod
of com m u nication. Both fram e grabbers and cam era m anu factu rers d eveloped prod u cts
w ith d ifferent connectors, m aking cable p rod u ction d ifficu lt for m anu factu rers and very
confu sing for consu m ers. A connectivity stand ard betw een d igital cam eras and fram e
grabbers is long overd u e and w ill becom e even m ore necessary as d ata rates continu e to
increase.
Increasingly d iverse cam eras and ad vanced signal and d ata transm issions have m ad e a
connectivity stand ard like Cam era Link a necessity. The Cam era Link interface w ill
red u ce su p port tim e, as w ell as the cost of that su pport. The stand ard cable w ill be able to
hand le the increased signal speed s, and the cable assem bly w ill allow cu stom ers to
red u ce their costs throu gh volu m e pricing.
LVDS Technical Description
Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) is a high -speed , low -pow er general pu rp ose
interface stand ard . The stand ard , know n as AN SI/ TIA/ EIA-644, w as ap proved in March
1996. LVDS u ses d ifferential signaling, w ith a nom inal signal sw ing of 350m V d ifferential.
The low signal sw ing d ecreases rise and fall tim es to achieve a theoretical m axim u m
transm ission rate of 1.923 Gbps into a loss-less m ed iu m . The low signal sw ing also m eans
that the stand ard is not d epend ent on a p articu lar su pply voltage. LVDS u ses cu rrent m od e d rivers, w hich lim it pow er consu m ption. The d ifferential signals are im m u ne to ±1
V com m on volt noise.
Camera Signal Requirements
This section p rovid es d efinitions for the signals u sed in the Cam era Link interface. The
stand ard Cam era Link cable provid es cam era control signals, serial com m u nication, and
vid eo d ata.
Video Data
The Channel Link technology is integral to the transm ission of vid eo d ata. Im age d ata
and im age enable signals are transm itted on the Channel Link bu s. Fou r enable signals
are d efined as:
• FVAL—Fram e Valid (FVAL) is d efined H IGH for valid lines.
• LVAL—Line Valid (LVAL) is d efined H IGH for valid pixels.
• DVAL—Data Valid (DVAL) is d efined H IGH w hen d ata is valid .
• Sp are— A sp are has been d efined for fu tu re u se.
All fou r enable signals m u st be provid ed by the cam era on each Channel Link chip. All
u nu sed d ata bits m u st be tied to a know n valu e by the cam era. For m ore inform ation on
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im age d ata bit allocations, refer to the official Cam era Link specification on the
vfm .d alsa.com w eb site.
Camera Control Signals
Fou r LVDS pairs are reserved for general-pu rp ose cam era control. They are d efined as
cam era inpu ts and fram e grabber ou tpu ts. Cam era m anu factu rers can d efine these signals
to m eet their need s for a particu lar prod u ct. The signals are:
• Cam era Control 1 (CC1)
• Cam era Control 2 (CC2)
• Cam era Control 3 (CC3)
• Cam era Control 4 (CC4)
Communication
Tw o LVDS p airs have been allocated for asynchronou s serial com m u nication to and from
the cam era and fram e grabber. Cam eras and fram e grabbers shou ld su p port at least 9600
bau d . These signals are
• SerTFG—Differential pair w ith serial com m u nications to the fram e grabber.
• SerTC—Differential pair w ith serial com m u nications to the cam era.
The serial interface w ill have the follow ing characteristics: one start bit, one stop bit, no
parity, and no hand shaking. It is recom m end ed that fram e grabber m a nu factu rers su p ply
both a u ser interface and a softw are ap plication program m ing interface (API) for u sing
the asynchronou s serial com m u nication port. The u ser interface w ill consist of a term inal
program w ith m inim al cap abilities of send ing and receiving a character string and
send ing a file of bytes. The softw are API w ill provid e fu nctions to enu m erate board s and
send or receive a character string. See Ap pend ix B in the Official Cam era Link
specification on the vfm .d alsa.com w eb site.
Power
Pow er w ill not be provid ed on the Cam era Link connector. The cam era w ill receive
pow er throu gh a sep arate cable. Cam era m anu factu rers d efine their ow n pow er
connector, cu rrent, and voltage requ irem ents.
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Appendix B
EMC Declaration of
Conformity
Teledyne D ALSA
605 McMurray Rd.,
Waterloo, ON
CAN AD A N 2V 2E9
We,
d eclare u nd er sole responsibility, that the prod u ct(s):
P2-2x-xxx40
P2-4x-xxx40
P2-2x-xxx30
fu lfill(s) the requ irem ents of the stand ard (s)
EMC:
EN 55022 1998
EN 55024 1998
EN 61326 2002
This prod u ct com plies w ith the requ irem ents of the Low Voltage Directive
73/ 23/ EEC and the EMC Directive 89/ 336/ EEC and carries the CE m ark
accord ingly.
Place of Issu e
Waterloo, ON , CAN ADA
Date of Issu e
October 2003
N am e and Signatu re
of au thorized person
Hank Helmond
Quality Manager, Teledyne D ALSA Corp.
This Declaration correspond s to EN 45 014.
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Appendix C
Communications Protocol
C1 Protocol Overview
This protocol d efines the m eth od u sed to control the cam era via a serial interface. The
com m u nication p rotocol d efines the com m and form at u sed and error m essages p rovid ed .
C2 Protocol Features
•
ASCII-based
Camera Serial Port Defaults
•
•
•
•
•
•
8 d ata bits
1 stop bit
N o parity
N o flow control
9.6Kbps
Cam era d oes not echo characters
C3 Command Format and Examples
•
•
•
•
A carriage retu rn (CR) end s each com m and .
Valu es in squ are brackets are optional.
There are tw o m ethod s for entering the com m and s: In long form each com m and is
w ritten in its entirety. In short form , only a p red efined abbreviation is requ ired . The
m anu al u sed the short form .
The follow ing p aram eters are u sed in the m anu al:
i = integer
f = float
s = string
t = tap
x1, x2 = pixel start and stop valu es
•
The cam era w ill an sw er each com m and w ith either "OK >" or "Error x: Error Message
>". The ">" is alw ays the last character sent by the cam era.
Command Format
command_long/short_form [parameters…] CR
Example: to set the gain to –3.5dB on all taps
set_gain 0 –3.5
or
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sg 0 –3.5
Example: to return the camera model number
get_camera_model
or
gcm
Example: to begin a camera calibration (dark correction)
correction_calibrate_fpn or correction_calibrate_fpn i
or
ccf or ccf i
C4 Networking Mode
The cam era's netw ork featu re provid es the cap ability to connect and control m u ltiple
cam eras over a m u lti-d rop RS485 link.
The netw ork featu re consists of three com m and s and a set of d efinitions d escribing the
behavior of the cam era w hen the com m and s are sent in netw ork m od e.
Command
Short
Form
Description
set_cam era_ID
sci
Sets cam era netw ork ID
get_cam era_ID
gci
Read s cam era ID
set_netm essage_m od e
snm
0: d isable, d efault (m essages enabled )
1: enable (m essages d isabled )
Camera ID
The cam era ID is a single, case insensitive ASCII alphanu m eric character: A to Z or 0 to 9.
To change the netw ork ID for a cam era, u se the com m and sci i i. Where the first
param eter is an ID of A to Z or 0 to 9, and the second , optional, p aram eter is the cam era's
serial nu m ber.
To read cu rrent cam era ID, u se the gcp com m and .
Changing Network ID of a Camera
To change the ID of a netw orked cam era, even if som e or all of the cam eras share the
sam e cam era ID, provid e the serial nu m ber of the cam era as the second p aram eter w he n
send ing the broad cast version of the sci com m and .
Example: change network ID of camera with serial number abcd to 1
: sci 1 abcd
Note: each camera must be polled following use of a broadcast command.
The Network Commands
The netw ork com m and is an ord inary cam era com m and p refixed by a netw ork p refix.
N etw ork prefixes alw ays start w ith the colon character ":" and are follow ed im m ed iately
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by the cam era ID (ad d ressing a single cam era on the netw ork), or sp ace (ad d ressing all
cam eras on the netw ork or a Broad cast com m and ).
The cam era replies to the netw ork com m and only if it is ad d ressed d irectly. The last line
of the cam era reply (error or OK m essage) to the netw ork com m and is prefixed w ith the
ID of the cam era.
Example: return camera ID for camera a
:a gci
camera id: a
a OK>
Special Case: Empty Network Command
The em pty netw ork com m and is a special case of netw ork com m and s. If the last
com m and issu ed w as not a Broad cast com m and , the em pty netw ork com m and w ill cau se
the ad d ressed cam era to ou tpu t an "OK" m essage follow ed by the ">" prom pt and
prefixed by the netw ork ID. If the last com m and issu ed w as a broad cast com m and , the
em pty netw ork com m and is u sed to qu ery each cam era for its READY/ BUSY statu s.
Example: empty network command issued
:a CR
a OK>
Broadcast Commands and READY/BUSY Status
Broad cast com m and s are com m and s sent to all cam eras on the netw ork at the sam e tim e.
After a broad cast com m and is sent, and before issu ing the next com m and , each cam era on
the link m u st be polled u ntil a READY statu s is retu rned . A BUSY statu s ind icates that the
cam era is not read y to receive the next com m and .
To poll the statu s of a netw orked cam era, send an em pty netw ork com m and to each
cam era u ntil they each retu rn the READY reply.
Both the READY and BUSY reply consist of six characters: Carriage Retu rn (CR), Line
Feed (LF), and the netw ork ID of the qu eried cam era, follow ed by a sp ace and either the
BUSY cod e "0", or the READY cod e "1" and the p rom pt character ">".
Example: query command followed by a BUSY reply
:a CR
<CR><LF>a 0>
Example: query command followed by a READY reply
:a CR
<CR><LF>a 1>
After all cam eras retu rn the READY statu s, u se the gps to poll each cam era for the retu rn
cod es of the sent broad cast com m and .
N ote, the QUERY BUSY m od e is active only after a broad cast com m and , norm ally the
cam era d oes not su p port this m od e of operation. The controlling softw are m u st w ait for a
reply from the cam era before send ing the next com m and .
Cam era w ill not reply to the Broad cast com m and .
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To read the statu s of the last com m and execu ted (m ajor error cod e + cod ed valu e of
inform al m essages) and cod ed valu e for all pend ing m onitoring task w arnings p oll each
cam era by u sing netw ork version of the gps com m and .
Example: reading status from camera ID "a"
:a gps
Enabling/Disabling Non-Command Messages in the
Network Environment
To enable/ d isable cam era m essages u nrelated to the execu ted com m and , su ch as
initialization and m onitoring task m essages, u se the com m and snm i.
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Value
Function
0
Enable m essages, d efault
1
Disable m essages
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C5 Error Handling
Use the gps com m and to read the statu s of the last com m and execu ted . Retu rn valu es
com e in the follow ing ord er:
•
•
•
Decim al nu m ber representing the cod e of the last com m and .
Decim al nu m ber representing the error cod e for last com m and execu ted .
Decim al valu e rep resenting su m of all inform al m essage cod es cau sed by last
com m and execu ted .
Decim al nu m ber representing su m of all pend ing w arning valu es from all
m onitoring tasks.
•
Example: value returned following a ccf command
gps
2 0 192 33
The retu rned valu e, 2 0 192 33, read s as follow s:
Returned value
Description
2
Com m and cod e: correction_calibrate_fpn
0
Error cod e: successful
192
Inform al m essage: cod e 64 + cod e 128
33
Monitoring task m essage: code 1 + cod e 32
The follow ing tables list the cod es for errors, inform al m essages, and m onitoring task
m essages. (Refer to section E7 for a list of all available com m and s.)
Error Codes
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Code
Description
Suggested Cause
0
Com m and executed successfully
Com m and executed w ithout m ajor error
d etected
1
Internal cam era error (PIXEL
IN DEX)
Internal softw are error trap
2
Internal cam era error (RESULT
CODE)
Internal softw are error trap
3
Invalid com m and
Com m and not recognized
4
Com m and param eters incorrect
or out of range
Com m and param eters are invalid or out of
range
5
Com m and not available in
current exposure m od e
ssf and set are allow ed only in m od e 2
(ssf and set) and in m od e 6 (set)
6
Com m and available in
CALIBRATED m od e only
ccf, ccp
7
Com m and available in
UN CALIBRATED m od e only
cao, cag
8
Com m and not available in
VIDEO TEST m od e
sao, sg
9
Start value m ust be an od d
num ber less than the even
num bered end value
roi: invalid starting or end ing pixel ind ex
10
Cam era m em ory check failure
Mem ory test of external RAM failed
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Error Codes
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Code
Description
Suggested Cause
11
Unable to configure DSP
DSP (FPGA) configuration failure
12
DSP configuration reset failure
DSP (FPGA) could not be placed in
configuration m od e
13
Get line process com m and tim ed
out, check for the presence of
external signals
gl,gla,cao,cag,ccf,ccp timed out.
Current exposure m ode requires external
SYN C, how ever SYN C signal not present
14
DSP echo test error
DISC bus com m unication test failure
15
Invalid sensor configuration
(DSP)
Invalid sensor configuration read from DSP
(FPGA)
16
Invalid sensor configuration
(ADC)
Invalid sensor configuration encod ing on
the board
17
Sensor configuration m ism atch
Sensor configuration read from DSP is
d ifferent than one encod ed on the board
18
One (or m ore) of the supply
voltages is out of specification
vv com m and result
19
The cam era's tem perature is
outsid e the specified operating
range
vt com m and result
20
N ot Used
N ot Used
21
Analog offset calibration failure
Analog offset calibration failure (could not
tune the analog offset to obtain targeted
vid eo level)
22
Analog gain calibration failure
Analog gain calibration failure (could not
tune the analog gain to obtain targeted
vid eo level)
23
CRC check failure w hile
attem pting to restore the cam era
settings
Cam era setting w ill initialize to d efault
settings, since restore of USER/ FACTORY
settings failed (internal m icro EE m em ory
failure). Contact your DALSA representative
or Prod uct Support if this error cod e is
returned .
24
Cam era settings not saved
rus, rfs attem pted but settings w ere not
saved . Contact your sales representative or
Prod uct Support if this error cod e is
returned .
25
Pixel coefficients w rite failure
Failure w hile w riting pixel coefficients to
EEROM (I2C EEROM external to m icro)
26
I2C com m unication fault w hile
accessing tem perature sensor
Serial com m unication fault (I2C) w hile
accessing tem perature sensor
27
Tim eout w aiting for DISC SYN C
to go LOW
Internal com m unication protocol error
28
Unable to calibrate gain. Tap
num ber outsid e ROI.
Analog gain could not be calibrated because
tap num ber specified in cag com m and is
outsid e region of interest.
29
Unable to calibrate offset. Tap
num ber outsid e ROI.
Analog offset could not be calibrated
because tap num ber specified in cao
com m and is outsid e region of interest.
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Informal Message Codes
Code
Description
Suggested Cause
1
IN FO: CRC check failure w hile
attem pting to restore
calibration status
Pixel calibration status w ill be set to N OT
CALIBRATED (internal m icro EEROM
failure)
2
IN FO: CRC check failu re w hile
attem pting to restore pixel
coefficients
All pixel coefficients w ill be reset to zero
(external EEROM (I2C) failure)
4
IN FO: Flash m em ory ID error
Reported from boot process, only if DSP
configuration fails (possible cause:
com m unication error w ith serial flash
m em ory )
8
IN FO: DSP configuration file
m issing or corrupt
Reported from boot process, only if DSP
configuration fails (possible cause)
16
IN FO: Serial com m unication
failure w hile accessing
external ADC chip
Reported from boot process if
com m unication verification fails w ith
external ADC chip (cam era voltage
m easurem ent, SPI)
32
IN FO: Calibration m ay be outof-specification (PRN U
coefficient clipped )
ccp: several coefficients w ere clipped
IN FO: Calibration m ay be outof-specification (FPN
coefficient clipped )
ccf: several coefficients w ere clipped
IN FO: Calibration m ay be outof-specification (DO+FPN >
511)
ccf: at least one pixel -> d igital offset +
IN FO: Changing analog
settings of calibration m od e
void s pixel calibration
sao, sg in calibration m od e after
512
IN FO: For better calibration
results, run FPN calibration
first
ccp: ccp called before ccf
1024
IN FO: Coefficient m ay be
inaccurate. A/ D clipping has
occured .
Insufficient analog offset or too m uch gain
for given light.
64
128
256
d uring the ccp com m and process
d uring the ccf com m and process
FPN coefficient > 511
calibration has been d one
Monitoring Task Message Codes
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Code
Description
Suggested Cause
1
WARN IN G: One or m ore
voltages out of specification
At least one of voltages is out of
specification
2
WARN IN G: Cam era
tem perature exceed s specified
lim it
Current cam era tem perature exceed s
specification lim it
4
WARN IN G: External SYN C
not d etected
Exposure Mod e 3,4,5,6: external SYN C not
d etected
8
WARN IN G: External PRIN
not d etected
Exposure Mod e 2: external PRIN not
d etected
16
WARN IN G: Analog gain is
over/ und er the specification
Current analog gain setting is out of
specification
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Monitoring Task Message Codes
Code
Description
Suggested Cause
32
WARN IN G: Line rate is set
below 1000 H z
Exposure m od e 2: current line rate is below
1Khz
C6 Camera Parameter Screen
You can read cu rrent cam era settings w ith the gcp com m and . The table below lists the
settings d isplayed on the gcp screen w ith sam ple valu es, along w ith a d escription of som e
of these settings:
GCP Screen
Desctiption
GENERAL CAMERA SETTINGS
See the following section for
a complete command list.
Camera Model No.:
P2-xx-xxxxx
Cam era m od el num ber.
Camera Serial No.:
xxxxxxxxx
Cam era serial num ber.
Camera Network ID:
x
Cam era netw ork id set
w ith the sci com m and .
Network Message Mode:
disabled
Displays w hether netw ork
m essages are enabled or
d isabled . Set w ith the snm
com m and . See C4
N etw orking Mod e for
d etails.
Firmware Design Rev.:
xx-xx-xxxxx-xx
DSP Design Rev.:
xx.xx
Firm w are design revision
num ber.
DSP d esign revision
num ber.
SETTINGS FOR UNCALIBRATED MODE:
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Analog Gain (dB):
+0.0 +0.0 +0.0 +0.0
Analog gain value set w ith
the sg and cao com m and s.
Available only in
uncalibrated m od e (svm
0).
See section 3.13 Setting
Gains for d etails.
Analog Offset:
308 324 304 292
Analog offset value set
w ith the sao and cag
com m and . The cag
com m and is available only
in uncalibrated m od e (svm
1). See section 3.12
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GCP Screen
Desctiption
Optim izing Offset
Perform ance for d etails.
SETTINGS FOR CALIBRATED MODE:
Analog Gain (dB):
+0.0 +0.0 +0.0 +0.0
Analog gain value set w ith
the sg or ccp com m and .
The ccp com m and is
available only in calibrated
m od e (svm 1). See sections
3.13 Setting Gains and
White Light Calibration
(page 37) for d etails.
Analog Offset:
0 0 0 0
Analog offset value set
w ith the sao or ccf
com m and . The ccf
com m and is available only
in calibrated m od e (svm
1). See section 3.12
Optim izing Offset
Perform ance and Dark
Calibration (page 36) for
d etails.
Digital Offset:
0 0 0 0
Digital offset value set w ith
the sdo com m and .
Available only in calibrated
m od e (svm 0). See section
3.12 Optim izing Offset
Perform ance for d etails.
Calibration Status:
FPN(uncalibrated)
Calibration status w ill
change to calibrated
after a ccf or ccp
com m and has been issued
after a pow er up.
Calibration status w ill
return to uncalibrated
after cam era reboot or a
rpc or svm 0 com m and
had been issued .
PRNU(uncalibrated)
SETTINGS COMMON TO CALIBRATED AND UNCALIBRATED MODES:
System Gain:
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0 0 0 0
Digital gain value set w ith the
ssg com m and . See section 3.13
Setting Gains for d etails.
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GCP Screen
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Desctiption
Background Subtract:
0 0 0 0
Background subtract value set
w ith the ssb com m and . See
section 3.12 Optim izing Offset
Perform ance for d etails.
Pretrigger:
0
Pretrigger value set w ith the sp
com m and . See section 3.20
Setting the Pre-trigger for
d etails.
Number of Line Samples:
64
N um ber of lines sam ples set
w ith the css com m and . See
section 3.11 Returning Vid eo
Inform ation for d etails.
Video Mode:
1
Current vid eo m od e value set
w ith the svm com m and . See
section 3.8 Setting the Vid eo
Mod e for details.
Data Mode:
0
Current d ata m od e value set
w ith the sdm com m and . See
section 3.7 Setting the Data
Mod e for details.
Exposure Mode:
2
Current exposure m ode value
set w ith the sem com m and . See
section 3.9 Setting Line Rate
and Exposure Mod e for d etails.
SYNC Frequency:
5000 (4998.51)
Hz
Current line rate. Value is set
w ith the ssf com m and . See
section 3.9 Setting Line Rate
and Exposure Mod e for d etails.
Exposure Time:
197.950 uSec
Current exposure tim e setting.
Value is set w ith the set
com m and . See section 3.9
Setting Line Rate and Exposure
Mod e for details.
End-Of-Line Sequence:
on
States w hether an end of line
sequence is turned on or off.
Set using the eol com m and .
See section 3.17 Generating Test
Patterns for d etails.
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GCP Screen
Desctiption
Upper Threshold:
240
Upper threshold value set w ith
the sut com m and .
Lower Threshold:
15
Low er threshold value set w ith
the slt com m and .
Region of Interest:
0001-4096
Region of interest size set w ith
the roi com m and . See section
3.10 Setting a Region of Interest
for d etails.
C7 Commands
The follow ing table lists all of the com m and s available to the cam era u ser. The first
colu m n of the table lists com m and cod es retu rned as first cod e from gps.
Code
Command
Short
Form
Parameters
Description
0
calibrate_analog_gain
cag
t i
Calibrates the analog gain. The
first param eter is the tap
selection 1 to 4, 0 for all taps.
The second param eter is a line
average in a range from 64 to
251DN for 8-bit m od e and 256
to 1007DN for 10-bit. This
com m and requires a constant
light input and only w orks in
uncalibrated m od e.
1
calibrate_analog_offset
cao
t i
Calibrates the analog offset.
The first param eter is the tap
selection 1 to 4, 0 for all taps.
The second param eter is a line
average in a range from 1 to
100DN for 8-bit m od e and 4 to
400 for 10-bit. This com m and
only w orks in uncalibrated
m od e.
2
correction_calibrate_fpn
ccf
[i]
Start FPN coefficient
calibration. Use css to set
sam ple size. Values range
from 1 to 100DN for 8-bit
m od e and 4 to 400 for 10-bit.
3
correction_calibrate_prnu
ccp
[i]
Start PRN U coefficient
calibration. Use css to set
sam ple size. Values range
from 64 to 251DN for 8-bit
m od e and 256 to 1007DN for
10-bit.
4
correction_set_sam ple
css
i
Set num ber of line sam ples
averaged for pixel coefficient
calculations or for output of
Parameters:
i = integer
f = float
t = tap selector
s = string
x1 = pixel start
number
x2= pixel end number
[]= optional
parameter
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Code
Command
Parameters:
i = integer
f = float
t = tap selector
s = string
x1 = pixel start
number
x2= pixel end number
[]= optional
parameter
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Short
Form
Parameters
Description
gla com m and . Values: 16, 32,
64. Factory setting: 64
5
d isplay_pixel_coeffs
dpc
[i] [i]
Display the pixel coefficients
in the order FPN , PRN U, FPN ,
PRN U, … Optional pixel start
and end values in a range from
1 to sensor pixel count.
6
end of_line_sequence
els
i
Set the end -of-line sequence:
0: Off
1: On, default value
7
get_cam era_id
gci
Read the cam era ID.
8
get_cam era_m od el
gcm
Read the cam era m od el
num ber.
9
get_cam era_p aram eters
gcp
Read cam era p aram eters.
10
get_cam era_serial
gcs
Read the cam era serial
num ber.
11
get_cam era_version
gcv
Read the firm w are version and
FPGA version.
12
get_fpn_coeff
gfc
i
Read the FPN coefficient.
14
get_line
gl
[i] [i]
Get a line of raw vid eo (no
d igital processing or test
pattern) d isplaying one pixel
value after another and the
m inim um , m axim um , and
m ean value of the sam pled
line. Optional pixel start and
end values in a range from 1 to
sensor pixel count.
15
get_line_average
gla
[i] [i]
Read the average of line
sam ples. Use css to set
sam ple size. Optional pixel
start and end values in a range
from 1 to sensor p ixel count.
13
get_prnu_coeff
gpc
i
Read the PRN U coefficient.
16
get_processing_status
gps
Read the status of last
executed com m and and cod ed
value for all pend ing
m onitoring task w arnings.
17
get_sensor_serial
gss
Read the sensor serial num ber.
18
help
h
Display the online help.
19
region_of_interest
roi
i i
Set the pixel range for read ing
end -of-line statistic and for the
region of pixels used in the
cag, cao, gl, gla, ccf, and
ccp com m and s. Pixel start and
end values in a range from 1 to
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Code
Command
20
reset_cam era
rc
Reset the entire cam era
(reboot).
21
reset_pixel_coeffs
rpc
Reset the pixel coefficients to 0.
22
restore_factory_settings
rfs
Restore the cam era’s factory
settings. FPN and PRN U
coefficients reset to 0.
23
restore_u ser_settings
rus
Restore the cam era's last saved
user settings and FPN and
PRN U coefficients.
24
set_analog_offset
sao
t i
Set the analog offset. The first
param eter is the tap selection 1
to 4, 0 for all taps. The second
param eter controls the d igital
analog convertor (DAC), in a
range from 0 to 1023, that sets
analog offset. Offset increases
w ith higher values.
25
set_baud _rate
sbr
i
Set speed of serial
com m unication port. Baud
rates: 9600, 19200, 57600, and
115200. Default baud : 9600
26
set_cam era_id
sci
s [s]
Set cam era ID. The first
param eter is a character A to
Z, or 0 to 9. The second
optional param eter is the serial
num ber of the ad d ressed
cam era.
27
set_d ata_m od e
sdm
i
Set the d ata m od e of cam era
output to:
0: 8-bit, A/ B/ C/ D ports, single
processor
1: 10-bit, A/ B/ C and D/ E/ F
ports, single processor
2: 8-bit, A/ B and D/ E ports,
d ual processor
3: 10-bit, A/ B/ C and D/ E/ F
ports, d ual processor
28
set_d igital_offset
sdo
t i
Subtracts the input value from
the vid eo signal prior to the
PRN U correction. The first
param eter is the tap selection 1
to 4, 0 for all taps. The second
param eter is the offset in a
range from 0 to 511. Use in
calibrated m od e only.
Parameters:
i = integer
f = float
t = tap selector
s = string
x1 = pixel start
number
x2= pixel end number
[]= optional
parameter
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Short
Form
Parameters
Description
sensor pixel count.
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Code
Command
Short
Form
Parameters
Description
29
set_exposure_m od e
sem
i
Set the exposure m od e:
1: Internal SYN C and PRIN ,
m ax line rate and exp osure
tim e, factory setting
2: Internal SYN C and PRIN ,
program m able line rate and
exposure tim e using
com m and s ssf and set
3: External SYN C, internal
PRIN , m axim u m exposure
tim e
4: Sm art EXSYN C
5: External SYN C and PRIN
6: External SYN C, internal
PRIN , program m able
exposure tim e
30
set_exposure_tim e
set
f
Set the exposure tim e in
exposure m od e 2 or 6. Value
w ill be a floating point num ber
in µsecs
31
set_fpn_coeff
sfc
i i
Set the FPN coefficient. The
first param eter is the pixel
num ber w ithin the range 1 to
8192. The second value is a
specified value w ithin the
range 0 to 127.
32
set_gain
sg
t f
Set the analog gain. The first
param eter is the tap selection 1
to 4, 0 for all taps. The second
param eter is a gain value
specified from –10 to 10. A
gain value of 0 sets the cam era
to its nom inal gain.
33
set_low er_threshold
slt
i
Set the low er threshold to a
value from 0 to 255 for 8-bit
d ata m od es, and 0 to 1023 for
10-bit.
34
set_netm essage_m od e
snm
i
Enable/ d isable cam era
m essages unrelated to the
executed netw ork com m and :
0: Enable m essages, default
1: Disable m essages
35
set_pretrigger
sp
i
Set the pretrigger to a value
from 0 or 15.
36
set_prnu_coeff
spc
i i
Set the PRN U coefficient. The
first param eter is the pixel
num ber w ithin the range 1 to
8192. The second param eter is
a specified value w ithin the
range 0 to 511w here:
Parameters:
i = integer
f = float
t = tap selector
s = string
x1 = pixel start
number
x2= pixel end number
[]= optional
parameter
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Code
Command
Parameters:
i = integer
f = float
t = tap selector
s = string
x1 = pixel start
number
x2= pixel end number
[]= optional
parameter
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Short
Form
Parameters
Description
i
PixelPRNU  1  512
37
set_subtract_background
ssb
t i
Subtracts the input value from
the output signal. The first
param eter is the tap selection 1
to 4, or 0 for all taps. The
second param eter is the
subtracted value range from 0
to 511.
38
set_sync_frequency
ssf
i
Sets the line rate, in exposure
m od e 2, to a value from
1000H z to cam era's m axim um
line rate. Value round ed
up/ d ow n as required.
39
set_system _gain
ssg
t i
Set the d igital gain. The first
param eter is the tap selection 1
to 4, or 0 for all taps. The
second param eter is a gain
value is specified from 0 to
511.
40
set_upper_threshold
sut
i
Set upper threshold to a value
from 0 to 255 in 8-bit d ata
m od es, and 0 to 1023 in 10-bit.
41
set_vid eo_m od e
svm
i
Sw itch betw een calibrated and
uncalibrated m od es:
0: Uncalibrated vid eo,
d eactivate vid eo correction
1: Calibrated vid eo, activated
correction
2: Test pattern
42
verify_tem perature
vt
Check the internal
tem perature of the cam era.
43
verify_voltage
vv
Check the cam era voltages and
return OK or fail.
44
w arning_enable_d isable
wed
45
w rite_pixel_coeffs
wpc
Write all current pixel
coefficients to EEROM.
46
w rite_user_settings
wus
Write all of the user settings to
EEROM except pixel
coefficients w hich are w ritten
using the wpc com m and .
[i] [i]
Read enable/ d isable status of
all d efined m onitoring tasks.
Optionally, the first param eter
selects a m onitoring task and
the second p aram eter
enables/ d isable the selected
task.
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Appendix D
DC Offset De-rating Curve
As of Decem ber 2004, all Piranha 2 line scan cam eras have been m od ified . This
m od ification has cau sed :


The Charge Transfer Efficiency (CTE) of the sensor to be im proved , and
An increase in d ark cu rrent at the m inim u m line rate and m axim u m gain.
This increased d ark cu rrent is only an issu e w hen the cam era is u sing long integration
tim es, at the m axim u m gain setting, or at high am bient tem peratu res. Operating the
cam era at high tem peratu res or at low line rates w ith m axim u m gain, im pacts the
cam era’s ability to perform offset calibration. Figu re 12 illu strates cam era operating
cond itions and the associated lim its for optim al offset calibration. The offset valu es
ind icated are the valu es obtained after issu ing the cao 0 5 (calibrate analog offset)
com m and . The plot show s the DC offset over tem peratu re at m axim u m gain w ith the
optim al offset calibration lim it being represented by the Lim it line. The area u nd er the
Lim it line show s the operating cond itions w here the cam era’s offset can be calibrated to
cam era specifications; the area above the Lim it line show s the operating cond itions w here
the cam era’s DC offset is greater than cam era specifications. If you are operating the
cam era in this range, you m ay w ant to red u ce the effect of the increased d ark cu rrent by:
03-032-00493-14

Ad ju sting the calibration target valu e higher to enable offset com pensation to w ork.
For exam ple, cao 0 30.

Ad d ing cooling to red u ce tem peratu re. Refer to the Therm al Managem ent section on
page 43 for m ore inform ation.

Operating the cam era at higher line rate and averaging or d iscard ing the extra lines
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Figure 12: Worst Case Calibrated DC Offset vs. Temperature and Exposure Time
Worst case calibrated DC offset VS temperature and exposure
time
80
70
999 usec
60
DC Offset (DN)
900 usec
50
800 usec
700 usec
40
600 usec
500 usec
30
400 usec
20
Limit
10
0
15.5
27.5
36.5
45
56
65.5
Camera internal Temperature C
Notes:
03-032-00493-14

Cam era am bient tem peratu re is ap proxim ately 15°C less than the internal cam era
tem peratu re.

Cam era gain is 10d B
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Appendix E
Revision History
Revision
Number
Change Description
00
01
Prelim inary release
Upd ated pgs 9-10: Ad d ed sensor alignm ent specifications of x,y: ±175um , z:
±0.18m m and ø: 0.6°. Changed FPN uncorrected : Max Gain 27DN . Changed
RMS N oise: typ. 1.2DN , m ax 4DN . Ad d ed N otes: All m easurem ents taken in 8bit outpu t m od e; All specifications are valid for the front plate tem perature
range of 10°C to 50°C, in still air. Ad d ed N otes 4 and 5.
Page 25,26 Mechanicals d raw ings: Includ ed specifications on the location of
pixel 1 w ith respect to ed ges of the front plate. On page 27 rem oved nom inal
from C, F-Mount chart and replaced w ith ±0.18m m
1K, 2k, and 4K--2 tap Piranha 2 cam eras available.
Mostly m inor text and spec changes, plus replacing Dood y w ith H elm ond on
EMC d eclaration
Ad d ed note 4 on page 10.
Ad d ed section 3.10, page 27, Setting a Region of Interest.
Ad d ed section 3.11, page 27, Returning Vid eo Inform ation.
Rem oved all references of the css com m and d efault being 128 and changed it to
64.
On page 31, Calibrating Gains, changed allow able ranges from 64 (w as 128) to
251 and 256 (w as 512) to 1007.
Ad d ed error m essage 28 and 29 on page 64. Rem oved error m essage 20.
Ad d ed inform al m essage cod es 32 and 64 on page 65.
Ad d ed section C6 Cam era Param eter Screen on page 65.
In section C7, com m and table:
cag: range is now 64 (w as 128) to 251 or 256 (w as 512) to 1007
ccp: range is now 64 (w as 128) to 251 or 256 (w as 512) to 1007
css: 64 is now the factor setting. 128 w as rem oved .
roi: explanation expand ed to includ e the roi influence on the cag, cao, gl, gla,
ccf and ccp com m and s.
Ad d ed P2x-xxx30 part num ber to front cover.
Ad d ed 30MH z info to section 1.1 Cam era H ighlights.
Ad d ed 30MH z specs to section 1.3 Cam era Perform ance Specifications
Ad d ed N ote 1 on page 10
Ad d ed table 5, page 20, 30MH z tim ing values
Ad d ed P2-2x-xxx30 to EMC Declaration of Conform ity, page 61.
Upd ated d raw ing in section 2.2. LED w as referenced to section D13 w hich no
longer exists. It is now referenced to section 3.18.
In section 3.16, page 39, and Append ix B, All Available Com m and s table, ad d ed
equation for d eterm ining the PRN U coefficient for the spc com m and .
02
03
04
05
06
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Revision
Number
Change Description
07
Ad d ed the follow ing note (or sim ilar) to these sections, "While settings are
being w ritten to nonvolatile m em ory, d o not pow er d ow n cam era or cam era
m em ory m ay be corrupted ."
1. Section 3.5, page 25, second bullet
2. Page 36, m id d le of page in calibration section
3. Section 3.18 in the LED d escription table, Blinking Green section
Ad d ed revision history.
Fixed incorrect ± character in m echanical d raw ings.
Upd ated Colorad o Springs ad d ress
Ad d ed Append ix D: De-rating Curves
Rem oved m axim um DC Offset specification from Specification table in Chapter
1 and ad d ed note 6 to refer to Append ix D for DC Offset d e-rating curves.
Ad d ed 8k 30MH z m od el to:
Table 1: Operating Requirem ents and Ranges (m ax line rate)
Table 7: Piranha 2 30MH z Tim ing
Ad d ed 4k, 10µm m od el to:
Section 1.2 Im age Sensors [Figure 2: IT-P1 4k Im age Sensor (2k, 4k (10 µm ), 4
tap m od els) ]
Section 1.3 Cam era Perform ance Specifications (pow er and pow er supply
current specs)
Ad d ed 2k, 4 tap m od el to:
Section 1.2 Im age Sensors [Figure 2: IT-P1 4k Im age Sensor (2k, 4k (10 µm ), 4
tap m od els) ]
Section 1.3 Cam era Perform ance Specifications (pow er and pow er supply
current, line rate specs)
Ad d ed Figure 1: IL-P1 Im age Sensor (1k, 2k, 4k (10 µm ), 2 tap m od els) to
Chapter 4, Mechanical Interface
Upd ated z tolerance from .18m m to .25m m in table 1 and Lens Mount table
(page 47).
Table 1. P2 Operating Requirem ents and Ranges, page 9, revised Typical values
und er Pow er Supply Current for the 6144 (2/ 4 o/ p) and 8192 (2/ 4 o/ p) to
580/ 800 and 620/ 830 m A respectively.
Section 2.5, page 16, "The cam era ships in..." statem ent revised to read , "The
cam era ships in exposure m ode 2 and w ith a 5 kH z line rate."
GCP screen, page 70, "Sensor Serial N o.: XXXXXXX Sensor serial num ber" row
rem oved from table.
-EMC requirem ents, page 61, revised to: EN 55022 1998, EN 55024 1998, EN 61326
2002.
-Page 9: Operating Requirem ent Typical
Pow er
4096(10um )-2 o/ p 7.5
4096(10um )-4 o/ p 9.6
6144 - 2/ 4 o/ p 7.5/ 9.6
Pow er Supply Current (Vin = +12V)
4096 - 2/ 4 o/ p 500/ 700
4096(10um ) - 2 o/ p 600
4096(10um ) - 4 o/ p 800
6144 - 2/ 4 o/ p 600/ 800
8192 - 2/ 4 o/ p 620/ 840
08
09
10
11
12
13
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Revision
Number
Change Description
14
The follow ing note w as rem oved from page 37 as this feature is not available
for this cam era m od el: ―3. The variance in light intensity across the target m ust
not be m ore than 4 to 1. Becau se the m axim um per -pixel digital gain is 2x, the
cam era w ill not be able to com pensate for extrem ely non -uniform light.‖
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Index
3
30MH z m od el, 5, 9
4
40MH z m od el, 5, 9
A
applications, 6
B
baud rate, 26
bright lines, 56
C
cables, 16
calibrating the cam era, 35
calibration
d ark, 36
errors, 38
overview , 35
results, 38
steps, 36
tim e, 36
w hite light, 37
cam era controls, 15, 60
Cam era Link, 59
com m and reference, 63
com m and s
d escriptions, 73
long form, 23
param eters, 23
short form , 23
com m unications protocol, 63
connector
Cam era Link, 14
MDR26, 14
pow er, 14
cooling, 43
D
d ark calibration, 36
d ark current, 44
d ark patches, 56
Data Bus, 17
d ata m od e, 26
d ebugging, 18, 39, 53
d igital d ata, 17
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E
EIA-644 Reference, 59
EMC com pliance, 49
EMC Declaration of
Conform ity, 61
end of line sequence, 18
generating, 39
environm ental consid erations,
43
error hand ling, 67
error m essages, 40
exposure m od e
setting, 27
exposure tim e, 27, 29
EXRCLK, 16
EXSYN C, 17
setting, 21, 27, 72
troubleshooting, 53
F
fiber-optic light sources, 48
filters, 48
FPN , 36, 38
G
gain
analog, 34
calibrating, 34
d igital, 34
setting, 34
H
halogen light sources, 48
help, 23
hot m irror, 48
I
illum ination, 47
incorrect line rate, 56
input/ outp ut, 13
inputs
Cam era Link, 16
exteranl sync, 17
PRIN , 16
interface
m echanical, 43
optical, 47
serial, 23
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softw are, 23
L
LED, 40
lens
m od eling, 48
m ounts, 47
light sources, 48
line d ropout, 56
line rate, 21, 27, 28, 72
setting, 21, 27, 72
line statistics, 29
LVDS, 59
R
rebooting, 41
region of interest, 29
responsivity graph, 12
roi. See Region of Interest
S
m agnification, 48
m echanical interface, 43
m od e
d ata, 26
exposure, 27
netw orking, 64
vid eo, 27
m od el
30MH z, 5, 9
40MH z, 5, 9
m od es
exposure, 27
operating, 27
m onitoring tasks, 40
m ounting, 43
sensor, 7
alignm ent, 47
cleaning, 51
serial interface, 23
settings
gain, 34
offset, 31
pretrigger, 41
restoring, 25
saving, 25
specifications
electro-optic, 11
perform ance, 9
startup, 25
statistics, 29
STROBE
troubleshooting, 54
stuck bits, 56
N
T
netw ork com m and s, 64
netw orking, 64
noisy output, 56
tem peratu re, 43
m easurem ent, 41
recom m end ations, 40
test patterns, 18
generating, 39, 54
tim ing
fixed (program m ed ), 19
input and output, 19
troubleshooting, 53
M
O
offset
analog, 32
calibrating, 33
optim izing, 31, 70, 71, 72
subtracting, 32
online help, 23
operating requirem ents, 9
operational status of cam era, 40
optical interface, 47
output m od e, 26
P
perform ance, 9
pixel statistics, 29
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pow er supplies, 16
pretrigger, 41
PRIN , 16
PRN U, 37, 39
V
vid eo d ata, 30, 59
voltage
m easurem ent, 41
W
w arning m essages, 40
w hite light calibration, 37
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