Download montaje e instalación de cuadros de maniobra y control

Transcript
MONTAJE E
INSTALACIÓN
DE CUADROS DE
MANIOBRA Y CONTROL
Manual Técnico para el Instalador de
Máquinas y Equipos Industriales
CONTENIDOS BASADOS EN EL REAL DECRETO 941/1997
Certificado de profesionalidad de la ocupación de instalador de máquinas y equipos industriales
EDITORIAL
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MONTAJE E INSTALACIÓN
DE CUADROS DE MANIOBRA Y CONTROL
Pocas profesiones se definen tanto a través de su denominación como la de
Instalador de Máquinas y Equipos Industriales. Perteneciente a la familia profesional
de montaje, su labor se centra precisamente en aquello que le da nombre, la
instalación de máquinas y equipos industriales, el montaje de los diferentes
elementos mecánicos, hidráulicos, neumáticos y eléctricos, la interpretación de
planos, esquemas y documentación técnica, la comprobación del funcionamiento
y corrección de sus posibles defectos. Éstas son algunas de las tareas que realizan
estos profesionales; tareas recogidas en la competencia general del Real Decreto
941/1997, que regula el Certificado de Profesionalidad de esta ocupación.
Con este manual, el lector podrá adquirir los conocimientos necesarios para
efectuar el montaje y la instalación de cuadros de maniobra, preparando procesos,
herramientas y materiales, consultando planos y esquemas eléctricos, y cumpliendo
las indicaciones técnicas requeridas para conseguir el funcionamiento adecuado.
Ideaspropias Editorial, siguiendo las pautas marcadas por este Certificado de
Profesionalidad, desarrolla este manual formativo para todos aquellos trabajadores
que centran su labor en la instalación de máquinas y equipos industriales o para
aquellos que deseen hacerlo con el paso del tiempo. Este texto formativo
contribuye, además, a que los alumnos puedan obtener en el futuro una titulación
reconocida por el Sistema Nacional de Cualificaciones.
ISBN 10: 84-96585-42-5
ISBN 13: 978-84-96585-42-3
9 788496 585423
EDITORIAL
www.ideaspropiaseditorial.com