Download Vibrio cholerae PCR Detection Kit - Protocol

3430 Schmon Parkway
Thorold, ON, Canada L2V 4Y6
Phone: 866-667-4362  (905) 227-8848
Fax: (905) 227-1061
Email: [email protected]
Vibrio cholerae PCR Detection Kit
Product Insert
Product # 38500
Vibrio cholerae is a comma-shaped, gram-negative bacterium. It is the cause of cholera in humans,
which affects the upper small intestine. Transmission of the disease is mainly through contaminated
food or water. Human subjects affected by cholera exhibit severe watery diarrhea and vomiting,
caused by the cholera toxin produced by the bacterium. Many cases of cholera are life-threatening, as
diarrhea and associated vomiting can lead to rapid dehydration and electrolyte loss. Even with the
extensive research on its epidemiology, cholera still affects over 5 million people per year worldwide.
Principle of the Test and Product Description
Norgen’s Vibrio cholerae PCR Detection Kit constituents a ready-to-use system for the isolation and
the detection of V. cholerae using end-point PCR without enrichment. The kit first allows for the
isolation of bacterial DNA from patient’s stool sample using spin-column chromatography based on
Norgen’s proprietary resin. The DNA is isolated free from inhibitors, and can then be used as the
template in a PCR reaction for V. cholerae detection using the provided V. cholerae Master Mix. The
V. cholerae Master Mix contains reagents and enzymes for the specific amplification of a 333 bp
region of the V. cholerae genome. In addition, Norgen’s V. cholerae PCR Detection Kit contains a
second Master Mix, the PCR Control Master Mix, which can be used to identify possible PCR inhibition
and/or inadequate isolation via a separate PCR reaction with the use of the provided PCR control
(PCRC) or Isolation Control (IsoC), respectively. This kit is designed to allow for the testing of 24
samples.
Kit Components:
Component
Contents
Lysis Solution
Lysis Additive
30 mL
3 mL
Binding Solution
Wash Solution I
Wash Solution II
Elution Buffer
Bead Tube
Mini Spin Columns
6 mL
15 mL
19.5 mL
3 mL
24
24
Collection Tubes
Elution tubes (1.7 mL)
24
24
V. cholerae 2x PCR Master Mix
0.35 mL
Control 2x PCR Master Mix
0.35 mL
a
Isolation Control (IsoC)*
V. cholerae Positive Control
b
(PosC)*
Nuclease Free-Water
1.25 mL
Norgen’s DNA Marker
0.1 mL
Product Insert
1
* IsoC = Isolation Control ; PosC= Positive Control
a
b
The positive control is cloned V. cholerae DNA fragments.
The isolation control is a cloned PCR product.
0.3 mL
0.1 mL
Customer-Supplied Reagents and Equipment
 Disposable powder-free gloves
 Benchtop microcentrifuge
 Micropipettors
 Sterile pipette tips with filters
 PCR tubes



Flat bed vortex or bead beater equipment
95-100% ethanol
70% ethanol
Storage Conditions and Product Stability
All buffers should be kept tightly sealed and stored at room temperature (15-25oC). Buffers can be
stored for up to 1 year without showing any reduction in performance.
The V. cholerae 2x PCR Master Mix, Control 2X PCR Mastermix, Isolation Control (IsoC), and V.
cholerae Positive Control (PosC) should be kept tightly sealed and stored at -20oC. These can be
stored for up to 1 year without showing any reduction in performance. Repeated thawing and freezing
(> 2 x) of these reagents should be avoided, as this may reduce the sensitivity. If the reagents are to
be used only intermittently, they should be frozen in aliquots.
General Precautions
The user should exercise the following precautions when using the kit:
 Use sterile pipette tips with filters.
 Store and extract positive material (specimens, controls and amplicons) separately from all
other reagents and add it to the reaction mix in a spatially separated facility.
 Thaw all components thoroughly at room temperature before starting an assay.
 When thawed, mix the components and centrifuge briefly.
 Work quickly on ice.
Quality Control
In accordance with Norgen’s ISO 9001 and ISO 13485-certified Quality Management System, each lot
of Norgen’s Vibrio cholerae PCR Detection Kit, including the V. cholerae 2x PCR Master Mix, Control
2X PCR Mastermix, Isolation Control (IsoC), and V. cholerae Positive Control (PosC) are tested
against predetermined specifications to ensure consistent product quality.
Product Use Limitations
Norgen’s V. cholerae PCR Detection Kit is designed for research purposes only. It is not intended for
human or diagnostic use.
Product Warranty and Satisfaction Guarantee
NORGEN BIOTEK CORPORATION guarantees the performance of all products in the manner
described in our product manual. The customer must determine the suitability of the product for its
particular use.
Safety Information
Biosafety level 2 practices are recommended for works involving Vibrio cholerae. Ensure the
appropriate containment equipment and facilities are used for activities involving cultures or potentially
infectious clinical materials. Ensure that a suitable lab coat, disposable gloves and protective goggles
are worn when working with chemicals. For more information, please consult the appropriate Material
Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs). These are available as convenient PDF files online at
www.norgenbiotek.com.
CAUTION: DO NOT add bleach or acidic solutions directly to the sample-preparation waste.
The Wash Solution I contain guanidine salts, and should be handled with care. Guanidine salts form
highly reactive compounds when combined with bleach, thus care must be taken to properly dispose of
any of these solutions. If liquid containing these buffers is spilt, clean with suitable laboratory
detergent and water. If the spilt liquid contains potentially infectious agents, clean the affected area
first with laboratory detergent and water, and then with 1% (v/v) sodium hypochlorite.
Protocol
A. Vibrio cholerae Genomic DNA Isolation
Precaution: All samples must be treated as potentially infectious material.
Important Notes Prior to Beginning Protocol:
 All centrifugation steps are carried out in a benchtop microcentrifuge at 14,000 x g
(~ 14,000 RPM) except where noted. All centrifugation steps are performed at room
temperature.
 A variable speed centrifuge should be used for maximum kit performance. If a variable
speed centrifuge is not available a fixed speed centrifuge can be used, however reduced
yields may be observed.
 Ensure that all solutions are at room temperature prior to use.
 Prepare a working concentration of Wash Solution II by adding 10.5 mL of 96 - 100 %
ethanol (provided by the user) to the supplied bottle containing the concentrated Wash
Solution II. This will give a final volume of 30 mL. The label on the bottle has a box that
may be checked to indicate that the ethanol has been added.
 Isolation Control (IsoC)
 An Isolation Control (IsoC) is supplied. This allows the user to control the DNA isolation
procedure. For this assay, add the Isolation Control (IsoC) to the lysate during the
isolation procedure
 The Isolation Control (IsoC) must not be added to the sample material directly.
 Do not freeze and thaw the Isolation Control (IsoC) more than 2 times.
 The Isolation Control (IsoC) must be kept on ice at all times during the isolation
procedure.
 The PCR components of the Vibrio cholerae PCR Detection Kit should remain at -20oC until DNA
is extracted and ready for PCR amplification.
1. Lysate Preparation
a. Add up to 200 mg of stool sample to a provided Bead Tube and add 1 mL of Lysis
Solution. Vortex briefly to mix stool and Lysis Solution.
b. Add 100 L of Lysis Additive and vortex briefly.
c. Secure tube horizontally on a flat-bed vortex pad with tape, or secure the tube in any
commercially available bead beater equipment (e.g. Scientific Industries’ Disruptor
TM
Genie ). Vortex for 3 minute at maximum speed.
d. Centrifuge the tube for 2 minute at 14000 × g (~14,000 RPM).
e. Transfer up to 600 L of supernatant to a DNAase-free microcentrifuge tube (not
provided).
f. Add 200 L of Binding Solution, mix by inverting the tube a few times, and incubate for 10
minutes on ice.
g. Spin the lysate for 2 minutes to pellet any cell debris.
h. Using a pipette, transfer up to 700 L of supernatant (avoid contacting the pellet with the
pipette tip) into a 2 mL DNAase-free microcentrifuge tube (not provided).
i. Add 10 L of Isolation Control (IsoC) to the lysis mixture, and mix by vortexing.
Note: Ensure that the Isolation Contro (IsoC) is added for subsequent control detection in
the PCR protocol
j.
Add an equal volume of 70% ethanol (provided by the user) to the lysate collected above
(100 L of ethanol is added to every 100 L of lysate). Vortex to mix. Proceed to
Step 2.
2. Binding to Column
a. Assemble a spin column with one of the provided collection tubes.
b. Apply 600 L of the clarified lysate with ethanol onto the column and centrifuge for 1
minute at 14000 × g (~14,000 RPM). Discard the flowthrough and reassemble the spin
column with the collection tube.
Note: Ensure the entire lysate volume has passed through into the collection tube by
inspecting the column. If the entire lysate volume has not passed, spin for an
additional minute.
c.
Repeat step 2b with the remaining volume of lysate mixture.
3. Column Wash
a. Apply 500 L of Wash Solution I to the column and centrifuge for 1 minute.
Note: Ensure the entire wash solution has passed through into the collection tube by
inspecting the column. If the entire wash volume has not passed, spin for an
additional minute.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Discard the flowthrough and reassemble the spin column with its collection tube.
Apply 500 L of Wash Solution II to the column and centrifuge for 1 minute.
Discard the flowthrough and reassemble the spin column with its collection tube.
Repeat 3c and 3d.
Spin the column for 2 minutes in order to thoroughly dry the resin. Discard the collection
tube.
4. DNA Elution
a. Place the column into a fresh 1.7 mL Elution tube provided with the kit.
b. Add 50 L of Elution Buffer to the column.
c. Centrifuge for 2 minutes at 200 x g (~2,000 RPM), followed by a 1 minute spin at
14,000 x g (~14,000 RPM). Note the volume eluted from the column. If the entire
volume has not been eluted, spin the column at 14,000 x g (~14,000 RPM) for 1
additional minute.
5. Storage of DNA
The purified genomic DNA can be stored at 2-8°C for a few days. For longer term storage,
-20°C is recommended.
B. Vibrio cholerae PCR Assay Preparation
Notes:
 Before use, suitable amounts of all PCR components should be completely thawed at room
temperature, vortexed and centrifuged briefly.
 The amount of V. cholerae 2X PCR Master Mix and Control 2X PCR Master Mix provided is
enough for up to 32 PCR reactions (24 sample PCR, 4 positive control PCR and 4 no template
control PCR) each.
 For each sample, one PCR reaction using the V. cholerae 2X PCR Master Mix and one PCR
reaction using Control 2X PCR Master Mix should be set up in order to have a proper interpretation
of the result.
 For every PCR run, one reaction containing V. cholerae Positive Control (PosC) and one reaction
as no template control must be included for proper interpretation of results.
 The recommended minimum number of DNA samples tested per PCR run is 6.
 Using a lower volume from the sample than recommended may affect the sensitivity of V. cholerae
Limit of Detection.
1. Prepare the PCR for sample detection (Set #1, using V. cholerae 2X PCR Master Mix) and
control detection (Set #2, using Conrtol 2X PCR Master Mix) as shown in Table 1 below. The
recommended amount of sample DNA to be used is 2.5 µL. However, a volume between 1 and 5
µL of sample DNA may be used as template. Ensure that one V. cholerae detection reaction and
one control reaction is prepared for each DNA sample. Adjust the final volume of the PCR reaction
to 20 µL using the Nuclease-Free Water provided.
Table 1. PCR Assay Preparation
PCR Components
Volume Per PCR Reaction
V. cholerae 2X PCR Master Mix
Or
Control 2X PCR Master Mix
Sample DNA
2.5 µL
Nuclease-Free Water
7.5 µL
Total Volume
20 µL
10 µL
2. For each PCR run, prepare one positive control PCR as shown in Table 2 below:
Table 2. PCR Positive Control Preparation
PCR Components
V. cholerae 2X PCR Master Mix
Or
Control 2X PCR Master Mix
Positive Control (PosC)
Total Volume
Volume Per RT- PCR Reaction
10 µL
10 µL
20 µL
3. For each PCR run, prepare one no template control PCR as shown in Table 3 below:
Table 3. PCR Negative Control Preparation
PCR Components
Volume Per PCR Reaction
V. cholerae 2X PCR Master Mix
Or
Control 2X PCR Master Mix
Nuclease-Free Water
10 µL
10 µL
Total Volume
20 µL
Therefore, at a minimum, each PCR run will contain 6 separate PCR reactions
C. PCR Assay Programming
1. Program the thermocylcer according to the program shown in Table 4 below.
2. Run PCR.
Table 4. V. cholerae Assay Program
One Step PCR Cycle
Cycle 1
Cycle 2 (35x)
Step
Temperature
o
Duration
Step 1
95 C
5 min
Step 1
94oC
15 sec
Step 2
Step 3
o
30 sec
o
45 sec
o
60 C
72 C
Cycle 3
Step 1
72 C
5 min
Cycle 4
Step 1
4o C
∞
D. Vibrio cholerae PCR Assay Results Interpretation
1. For the analysis of the PCR data, the entire 15-20 µL PCR Reaction should be loaded on a
1X TAE 1.7% Agarose DNA gel along with 10 L of Norgen’s DNA Marker (provided). Prepare
enough agarose gel for running one set of PCR of V. cholerae detection and one set of PCR for
controls detection.
2. The PCR products should be resolved on the 1X TAE 1.7% Agarose gel at 150V for 30
minutes (Gel running time will be vary depending on an electrophoresis apparatus).
3. Sample results are provided below:
M
V. cholerae
NC
2000
1500
1000
750
500
V. cholerae Target
300
150
Figure 1: A representative 1X TAE 1.7% agarose gel showing the amplification of V. cholerae under
different concentration (V. cholerae Target) using the V. cholerae 2X PCR Master Mix. The size of the V.
cholerae target amplicon corresponds to 333 bp as represented by the provided DNA Marker (M). NC =
Negative Control.
1
2
3
4
5
6
NC
2000
1500
1000
750
500
300
Isolation Control
150
PCR Control
Figure 2: A representative 1X TAE 1.7% agarose gel showing the amplification of Isolation Control and
PCR Control under different conditions using the Control 2X PCR Master Mix. The size of the Isolation
Control amplicon and PCR Control amplicon correspond to 499 bp and 150 bp, respectively, as represented
by the provided DNA Marker (M). Lanes 1 to 5 showed detection of both Isolation Control and PCR Control,
suggesting that the DNA isolation as well as the PCR reaction was successful. Lane 6 showed only the
detection of PCR Control suggesting that while the PCR was successful, the isolation failed to recover even
the spiked-in Isolation control. NC = Negative Control.
Table 5. Interpretation of PCR Assay Results
Input Type
Positive
Control
Target
reaction
Control Reaction
V. cholerae
Target Band
(333 bp)
V. cholerae
IsoC Band
(499 bp)
V. cholerae
PCRC Band
(150 bp)
X
X
X
Valid
X
Valid
X
X
Positive
X
X
Negative
X
Re-test
Negative
Control
Sample
Interpretation
X
Sample
Sample
Sample
Re-test
Sample
X
Sample
X
Sample
X
Sample
X
Negative
X
X
Positive
Positive
Re-test
** For results obtained that are not covered in Table 5 above, please refer to the Troubleshooting
Section.
E. Vibrio cholerae PCR Assay Specificity and Sensitivity

The specificity of Norgen’s Vibrio cholerae PCR Detection Kit is first and foremost ensured by
the selection of the V. cholerae-specific primers, as well as the selection of stringent reaction
conditions. The primers were checked for possible homologies to all GenBank published
sequences by sequence comparison analysis. The specific detectability of all relevant strains
has thus been ensured by a database alignment and by PCR amplification with the following
common foodbourne disease-causing bacteria:
-
E coli
Listeria monocytogenes
Streptococcus agalatiae
Streptococcus dysgalatiae
Staphylococcus aureus.
Salmonella sp.
F. Linear Range



The linear range (analytical measurement) of Norgen’s Vibrio cholerae PCR Detection Kit was
determined by analysing a dilution series of a V. cholerae quantification standard ranging from
1 x 107 cfu/µl to 1 x 10-1 cfu/µl.
Each dilution has been tested in replicates (n = 4) using Norgen’s Vibrio cholerae PCR
Detection Kit on 1X TAE 1.7% Agarose gel.
The linear range of Norgen’s Vibrio cholerae PCR Detection Kit has been determined to cover
concentrations from 1 x 102 cfu/µl to at least 1 x 106 cfu/µl of isolated DNA
Frequently Asked Questions
1. How many samples should be included per PCR run?
 Norgen’s Vibrio cholerae PCR Detection Kitis designed to test 24 samples. For every 6 samples,
a non-template control and a Positive Control must be included. It is preferable to pool and test 6
samples at a time. If not, the provided Positive Control is enough to run 3 samples at a time.
2. How can I interpret my results if neither the PCR control (PCRC) nor the Isolation Control
(IsoC) amplifies?
 If neither the PCR control nor the Isolation Control amplifies, the sample must be re-tested. If the
positive control showed amplification, then the problem occurred during the isolation, where as if
the Positive control did not amplify, therefore the Problem has occurred during the setup of the
PCR assay reaction.
3. How should it be interpreted if only the PCR control (PCRC) showed amplification but
neither the V. cholerae target nor the Isolation Control (IsoC) amplified for a sample?
 This indicates a poor isolation. The isolation procedure must be repeated.
4. How should it be interpreted if only the Isolation Control (IsoC) was amplified in a sample?
 The sample tested can be considered as V. cholerae negative.
5. How should it be interpreted if only the V. cholerae target and the PCR control (PCRC) were
amplified in a sample?
 The sample tested can be considered as V. cholerae positive.
6. How should it be interpreted if only the V. cholerae target was amplified in a sample?
 The sample tested should be considered as V. cholerae positive. At high V. cholerae cell input,
the V. cholerae amplicon will be predominant and thus the PCR control (PCRC) as well as the
Isolation Control (IsoC) may not amplify as they compete for PCR resources.
7. How should it be interpreted if only the PCR control (PCRC) and the Isolation Control (IsoC)
showed amplification in a sample?
 The sample tested can be considered negative
8. What If I forgot to do a dry spin after my second wash?
 Your first DNA elution will be contaminated with the Wash Solution. This may dilute the DNA yield
in your first elution and it may interfere with the PCR detection, as ethanol is known to be a PCR
inhibitor.
9. What If I forgot to add Isolation Control (IsoC) during the Isolation?
 It is recommended that the isolation is repeated.
Reference
Matson JS, Withey JH and DiRita VJ. 2007. Regulatory Networks Controlling Vibrio cholerae
Virulence Gene Expression. Infection and Immunity 75: 5542-5549.
Related Products
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Technical Assistance
NORGEN’s Technical Service Department is staffed by experienced scientists with extensive practical
and theoretical expertise in sample and assay technologies and the use of NORGEN products. If you
have any questions or experience any difficulties regarding Norgen’s Vibrio cholerae PCR Detection
Kit or NORGEN products in general, please do not hesitate to contact us.
NORGEN customers are a valuable source of information regarding advanced or specialized uses of
our products. This information is helpful to other scientists as well as to the researchers at NORGEN.
We therefore encourage you to contact us if you have any suggestions about product performance or
new applications and techniques.
For technical assistance and more information, please contact our Technical Support Team between
the hours of 8:30 and 5:30 (Eastern Standard Time) at (905) 227-8848 or Toll Free at 1-866-667-4362.
or call one of the NORGEN local distributors (www.norgenbiotek.com) or through email at
[email protected].
3430 Schmon Parkway, Thorold, ON Canada L2V 4Y6
Phone: (905) 227-8848
Fax: (905) 227-1061
Toll Free in North America: 1-866-667-4362
©2013 Norgen Biotek Corp.
PI38500-3