Download Safety and utilisation advice

1
Safety and utilisation advice
Introduction
The tyre is the only point of contact between the vehicle
and the ground.
Users must ensure that they preserve the quality and
performance of their tyres. To do so, it is recommended
that users adhere to the following safety instructions and user
recommendations. These recommendations are valid subject
to more restrictive local provisions: legal, regulatory
requirements, etc.
How do you read a tyre?
190: tyre width in mm
55: tyre series (ratio of height with
width of H/S section: 0.55)
ZR: structure: radial
17: inside diameter in inches
58: load capacity index
W: speed index
Name of the range
Definitions of other markings:
Reinf: "Reinforced”: tyres with an IC greater than the size.
Extra Load: New marking with the same meaning as Reinf.
DOT:
department of transportation
Factory code
Week and year
of manufacture
Size code
Optional code
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Choice of tyre
• Thechoiceofatyremustbecompliantwithlegislation
andwithequipmentrecommendedbythevehicleortyre
manufacturerorbyanofficialorganisation(size,loadand
speedindices,tyrestructures,etc.).Moreover,itisnecessary
totakeaccountoftheconditionsinwhichthetyrewillbeused
inorderthatitsperformancemeetstheuser’sexpectations.
•Intheeventoftheoriginalvehicleequipmentbeingmodified,
itisadvisabletomakesurethatthesolutionofferedis
compliantwiththelegislationinforce,thevehicle’stechnical
constraints,conditionsofuseandthemanufacturer’s
recommendations.(Pleaserefertoregulationsinforceinthe
localcountry.)Insomecountries,avehiclethusmodifiedmust
receiveadministrativeauthorisation.
•Beforebeingfitted,anysecond-handorusedtyremustbe
subjectedtocarefulscrutinyinordertoguaranteethesafety
oftheuserandcompliancewiththeregulationsinforce
(seep.7Vehiclechecksandmaintenance).
•Itisrecommendedthattyresofcomparableweararefittedon
thesameaxle.Somelegislationsetsamaximumdifferential.
•Accordingtolegislationinforceandfortechnicalreasons,itis
eithermandatoryorstronglyadvisedtousetwotyresofthe
sametreaddesignonthesameaxle.
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Use of tyres
• Neverusethetyrebeyondthelimitsofthetechnical
specificationsforwhichithasbeenapproved.
Certainexcessiveorabnormalgeometricalsettingsforthe
vehiclemayhaveaneffectonthetyre’sperformance.
• Pooruseorwrongchoiceoftyrecanalsocontributeto
prematurewearingofcertainmechanicalparts.
Fitting
Introduction
•Correctfitting,performedinaccordancewithrecommended
operatingproceduresandcomplyingwiththesafetyrulesin
force,ensuresexcellentprotectionforpeopleandmaterial,
andallowsthetyresfullpotentialtobeexploited.
•Poorfittingcancausedamagetothetyres,thevehicleorto
people(serious,evenfatalinjuries).
•Itisthereforeessentialthattheseoperationsarecarriedout
bypeoplewhohavebeentrainedandwhohavethe
appropriateequipmentavailable.
•Iftheoperationiscarriedoutbyanapprentice,thelattermust
neverbealone.
•Inallcases,itisessentialtorefertothetechnicalinstructions
ofthetyremanufacturer,vehiclemanufacturerandwheel
manufacturer,aswellastheusermanualforthetyre-fitting
machineryorequipment.
General precautions
•Operatorsmustalwaysweartheirnormalprotectiveclothing.
•Operatorsmusthaveaccesstoanoperatingprocedure.
•Operatorsmustensurethatthevehicleisstationary,the
vehicleengineisswitchedoffandthatthevehicleisproperly
stabilised(handbrake,blocks,supports,etc.).
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Precautions for removal
When removing the vehicle wheel
•Iftherimshowsevidence
ofdamage,thetyresmustbedeflatedpriortoremoval
ofthewholefitment.
•Ensurethatthetyre’stemperatureallowsittyretoberemoved
safely.
•Complywiththemanufacturers’recommendationsand
instructions.
Precautions for fitting
•Ensurethatthewheelanditscomponentsareinagood
condition.
•Checkdimensionalcompliance(tyreandwheel).
•Checktyre/wheel,tyre/vehicleandtyre/usagecompliance.
•Adheretothepositions,directionoffitting,direction
ofrotationandinstructionswhenreferredtoonthetyre
sidewalls.
•Ifthereisarubbervalve,thismustbereplacedasamatter
ofcoursebytubelessfittings.
•Iftherearemetallicvalves,checktheairtightnessandcontinue
withthereplacementofvalvesorsealsifnecessary.
•Afterfittingthetyretothevehicle,atorquewrenchmustbe
usedtoachievetheoptimaltorqueasspecifiedbythevehicle
manufacturer.
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Precautions for inflating
•Tyreinflationisanessentialfactor,notonlyforoptimisation
oftyreperformancebutalsointermsofSAFETY.
•Itisnecessaryforcorrectvehiclebehaviour(roadholding
andbraking)aswellasmaintainingthetyre’sstability.
•Onlyuseinflationequipmentintendedforthispurpose
andfittedwithapressurelimiter.Innoeventmustaperson
oroperatorbeintheimmediateproximityoftheequipmentin
ordertobeoutofthepathofanypotentialdischarge
intheeventofanincident.
Operating pressure
•Theinflationpressurethatmustbestrictlyadheredtois
thatrecommendedbyvehiclemanufacturerinpassenger.
Itcanbefoundatthevehicleusermanualand/or
onthevehicleitself.
•Under-inflationcansignificantlyaffectthevehicle’sbehaviour.It
isalsotrueforexcessiveover-inflation(Vehiclechecksand
maintenance,pressurep.7).
Balancing
•Lackoforfaultybalancingmanifestsitselfintheformof
vibrations,withinvariousspeedranges.
•Wheelbalancingisthereforeabsolutelyessentialfordriving
comfortandcontinuedvehicleandtyreperformance.
•Wheelbalancingequipmentmustincludeacentringsystem
compatiblewiththewheelhubandbecalibratedinaccordance
withthemanufacturers’instructions.Thesetwopointsare
determiningfactorsforthequalityoftheoperationcarriedout
andareoftenthecauseofdefectivebalancing,whichis
manifestedbypersistentvibrations.
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Storage and maintenance
General conditions
Storageshouldbe
•Inpremisesthatarewell-ventilated,dryandtemperate,
protectedfromdirectsunlightandbadweather,
•Awayfromanychemicalsubstances,solventsorhydrocarbons
likelytointerferewiththenatureoftherubber,
•Awayfromanyobjectthatcouldpenetratetherubber(sharp
metal,wood,etc.),
•Awayfromanysourceofheat,flame,incandescentobject,
materialthatcouldcausesparksorelectricaldischargesandany
ozonesources(transformers,electricmotors,solderingdevices,
etc.).
Ifthegaugeallowsthetyrestobestacked,ensurethattheyare
notoutofshape.
Ifthetyresaretobestoredoveralongperiod,rotatethem
(reversetheorderofthetyres).
Avoidcrushingtyresunderotherobjects.
Moreover,accessoriesmustbestoredintheiroriginalpackaging,
onsurfacesthatdonotpresentanydangerofcutting,tearingor
perforation.
Inallcases,forthehandlingoftyresandaccessories,use
instrumentsandequipmentthatisnotharmfultotyres.
Operatorsmustalwaysweartheirnormalprotectiveclothing
forhandling.
Short term storage
(up to 4 weeks):
Tyrescanbestackedone
ontopoftheother,preferably
onpallets.Theheight
ofthestacksmustnotexceed
1.20meters(4ft).After4weeks,
pilesmustbere-madeby
reversingtheorderofthetyres.
Whentyresaremounted
onrims,theymustbestored
inflated,inaverticalposition
orinasinglerowonshelves.
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7
Long term storage:
Tyresmustbestoredvertically
onshelves
situatedatleast
10cm(4”)fromtheground.
Inordertoavoid
distortion,theyshould
beslightlyrotated
onceamonth.
Long-term vehicle immobilisation
Ifavehicleisnotusedforalongperiodoftime,
tyrepressureshouldbecheckedregularlyandmaintained
atlevelsrecommendedbythemanufacturer.
Vehicle checks and maintenance
General recommendations
•Ensurethatthevehicleisstationarybeforeanyinspection.
•Tyresmustbeinspectedregularlyinordertodetect
anyunusualwearandpotentialdamage.
•Wheeltorquemustbecheckedinaccordancewiththevehicle
manufacturer’srecommendations.
•Anyperforations,cutsorvisibledistortionofthetread,
sidewallsorflangeareamustbethesubjectofathorough
(internal/external)examinationofthetyrebyatyre
professional.Itisthesameforanydamagetotherim.
Inallcircumstances,donotputbackintooperationanytyres
thatexhibitdamage,suchasdeformedbeadorvisiblebead
wire,plyorrubberseparation,visiblecablecords,damagefrom
greaseorcorrosiveparticles,marblingorabrasionoftheinterior
rubberresultingfromanyrunningatinsufficientpressure.
Eachtimethevehicleisinspected,checkthatthevalvecap
isingoodcondition.Ifindoubt,replaceit.
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Checking for wear
•Checkingforwearmustalwaysbecarriedoutatseveralpoints
onthetyre.
•Thischeckcanbecarriedoutusingatyredepthgaugeorby
lookingforsignsofwearonthetread(notedonthesidewallby
asymbolwhenpresent).
•Ifthelegalortechnicallimitforwearhasbeenreached,the
tyremustberemovedandreplaced.
•Atyreprofessionalmustbeconsultedifthereisabnormalwear
oradifferenceinwearbetweentwotyresonthesameaxle.
Pressure
•Giventhatatyrelosespressurenaturally,itisnecessary
toadjustitperiodically;thischeckwillenableanyabnormalloss
ofpressuretobedetected.
Thischeckmustbecarriedoutonallthevehicle’styres
(includingthesparewheelwhenthereisone).
•Theuseofavehiclethathastyreswithinsufficientinflation
pressureleadstoanabnormalincreaseinoperational
temperatureandmaycausedamagetointernalcomponents.
Thisdamageisirreversibleandmayleadtothetyrebursting,
withsuddendeflation.Theconsequencesofrunningwith
insufficientinflationpressurearenotnecessarilyimmediateand
mayappearevenafterrectification.
•Insufficientpressurealsostronglyincreasestheriskof
aquaplaning.
•Anoverinflatedtyrecancauserapidandirregularwear,
resultinginincreasedsusceptibilitytoimpacts
(treaddamage,ruptureofthecarcass,etc.).
•Itisrecommendedthattyrepressuresarecheckedwhentyres
arecold.
•Iftheyarecheckedafterrunning,thetyresarethereforehot.
Giventhatpressureincreaseswithtemperature,ahottyremust
neverbedeflated.
•Ifpressureischeckedwhenhot,thepressureshouldbe
readjustedinlinewiththemanufacturer’srecommendations.
Iftyrepressureischeckedhot,thepressureshouldbe
readjustedinlinewiththemanufacturer’srecommendations.
•Inflationwithnitrogenisnotanexemptionfromtheneed
tochecktyrepressureregularly.
•Inallcircumstances,adheretothepressuresrecommended
bythevehicleortyremanufacturers.
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Repair
•Allrepairsmustbecarriedoutbyatrainedandqualified
professional.
•Repairsareprecededasamatterofcoursebyadetailed
inspectionofthetyrebytheprofessional.Notalldamagecan
berepaired.
•Atyrethathasbeenrununderinflatedorflatmayhave
sufferedirreversibledamageandonlyanexhaustivecheck
oftheinteriorofthetyrewillenableadiagnosisofwhether
ornotthetyrecanbeputbackintouse.Removalofthetyre
isthereforeessentialinordertoassesswithcertaintyitsactual
conditionandthetypeofrepairrequired.
•Intheeventofapuncture,injectionthroughthevalve
ofsealingproducts(instantpuncturesealant,etc.)canonly
beapartialandtemporarysolution.Theseproductscancause
complianceproblemswiththetyre,wheel,valve,pressure
sensor,etc.Itisessentialtofollowthemanufacturer’s
recommendations.Inthiscase,atyreprofessionalmustbe
consultedtocheckthetyreand,ifpossible,makean
immutablerepair.
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Product life
Tyresaremadefromdifferenttypesofmaterials
andrubber-basedcomponents,whosepropertiesareessential
totheproperrunningofthetyreitself.
Thesepropertiesevolveovertime.
Foreachtyre,thisevolutiondependsonmanyfactors,
suchasclimate,storageconditions(temperature,humidity,
position,etc.),conditionsofuse(load,speed,inflationpressure,
roaddamage,etc.)towhichthetyreissubjectedduring
itsworkinglife.
Theseageingfactorsvarysomuchthatitisimpossibletopredict
thelifeofatyrewithanyaccuracy.Thisiswhy,inaddition
toregularuserchecks,itisrecommendedtohavethetyres
regularlycheckedbyaqualifiedprofessional,whowilldetermine
whetherthetyreisfittocontinueinoperation.
Thisinspectionmustbecarriedoutatleastonceayear,5years
ormorefromthedateofthetyrebeingputintoservice.
Theolderthetyre,themoreprobableitisthatitmaybe
necessarytoreplaceitduetoageingrelatedtoitsstorageand/or
usageorbecauseofotherfactorsestablishedduringchecks.
Date of the tyre fabrication
Date of the first use
5 years
It is recommended to have
the tyres yearly checked
by a professional
We advice
the replacement
of the tyres
10 years
Non-compliance with these recommendations may harm
the vehicle’s performance and may cause handling problems
and/or malfunction of the tyre that may put the safety
of the user and third parties at risk.
Michelin may in no way be held responsible for damage
that may occur as a result of and/or when being used contrary
to its instructions.
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