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distribution of test statistics. If the t statistics are centred on the true parameter values, or otherwise if the null hypothesis of interest is set to be true in the simulation, these distributions can be used to provide critical values, and hence to estimate true test powers by simulating cases of the alternative. These tables can also be used to generate p-values for tests in observed data. 22. EDFs are saved as spreadsheet or matrix files of the type specified by Options / Output and Retrieval / "Export Listings to Files of Type". The assigned file names are of the form "EDF_Run" + run i.d. + extension. These files can be renamed, merged and/or edited either in TSM or a spreadsheet program (see below). See Appendix G for details of the EDF file format. RUNNING AN EXTERNAL PROCESS 23. Check the "Run as External Process" checkbox to launch the run as a batch job in a console window. The calculations are a run in a new instance of Ox, running in a console window. A temporary executable Ox file is created to be run in batch mode. 24. This option allows the TSM GUI to remain under the user's control for other tasks while a long Monte Carlo job is performed. It also allows two or more jobs to run be concurrently. Since Ox is not multi-threaded, this is the best way to make full use of a multi-core processor. 25. When the run is completed the results are sent to a text file that can be loaded in the TSM window using the command File / Load Text File. The temporary ".ox" file created to run the job is deleted at closedown if "Delete Temporary Files on Exit" is checked in Options / General. 26. If the checkbox "Defer External Jobs" is checked in Options / General, the Ox file containing the job is created, but not run. Use this option if the job is to be run on a different machine, for example. ADDITIONAL OPTIONS 27. The results of the experiment, including tables and plots data, are automatically stored, with the Data Generation model, at the end of the run. Reloading this model allows the tables (using the "Results" command) and graphics to be re-displayed at any time. When performing a sequence of experiments, save the Data Generation model under a new name before modifying it, so as to preserve these results for future study. 28. The complete set of replications (or the frequency table if this option is selected) can be also exported to a spreadsheet file for further analysis. Give the command File / Listings / Save Monte Carlo Replications. The distributions can also by displayed graphically. The command Graphics / Monte Carlo Distributions opens a dialog to select and display the empirical densities of each parameter, test statistic and p-value. These are optionally displayed in both histogram and kernel density form. The normal curve with matching mean and variance can be optionally superimposed for comparison; see Options / Graphics. 54 © James Davidson 2008