Download Linksys WAG54G User's Manual

®
A Division of Cisco Systems, Inc.
2,4 GHz Wireless-G
802.11g
ADSL Gateway
WIRELESS
Model No.
WAG54G (EU)
User Guide
Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
Copyright and Trademarks
Specifications are subject to change without notice. Linksys is a registered trademark or trademark of Cisco
Systems, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and certain other countries. Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All
rights reserved. Other brands and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective
holders.
How to Use this Guide
Your Guide to the Wireless-G ADSL Gateway has been designed to make understanding networking with the
Gateway easier than ever. Look for the following items when reading this User Guide:
This checkmark means there is a Note of interest and
is something you should pay special attention to while
using the Gateway.
This exclamation point means there is a Caution or
Warning and is something that could damage your
property or the Gateway.
This question mark provides you with a reminder about
something you might need to do while using the Gateway.
In addition to these symbols, there are definitions for technical terms that are presented like this:
word: definition.
Also, each figure (diagram, screenshot, or other image) is provided with a figure number and description, like
this:
Figure 0-1: Sample Figure Description
Figure numbers and descriptions can also be found in the “List of Figures” section in the “Table of Contents”.
WAG54G-EU_V2-UG-50105A BW
Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Welcome
What’s in this Guide?
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Chapter 2: Planning Your Network
The Gateway’s Functions
IP Addresses
Why do I need a VPN?
What is a VPN?
Chapter 3: Getting to Know the Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
The Back Panel
The Front Panel
Chapter 4: Connecting the Wireless-G Broadband Gateway
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Overview
Wired Connection to a Computer
Wireless Connection to a Computer
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Chapter 5: Configuring the Gateway
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Overview
How to Access the Web-based Utility
The Setup Tab
The Wireless Tab
The Security Tab
The Access Restrictions Tab
The Applications and Gaming Tab
The Administration Tab
The Status Tab
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
Common Problems and Solutions
Frequently Asked Questions
Appendix B: Wireless Security
Appendix C: Configuring IPSec between a
Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
Introduction
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Environment
How to Establish a Secure IPSec Tunnel
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Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter 73
Windows 98 or Me Instructions
Windows 2000 or XP Instructions
Appendix E: Upgrading Firmware
Appendix F: Glossary
Appendix G: Specifications
Appendix H: Regulatory Information
Appendix I: Warranty Information
Appendix J: Contact Information
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List of Figures
Figure 2-1: Network
Figure 2-2: Computer-to-VPN Gateway
Figure 2-3: VPN Gateway-to-VPN Gateway
Figure 3-1: Back Panel
Figure 3-2: Front Panel
Figure 4-1: Ethernet Connection
Figure 4-2: ADSL Connection
Figure 4-3: Power Connection
Figure 5-1: Password Screen
Figure 5-2: Basic Setup Tab
Figure 5-3: Dynamic IP
Figure 5-4: Static IP
Figure 5-5: RFC 1483 Routed
Figure 5-6: RFC 2516 PPPoE
Figure 5-7: RFC 2364 PPPoA
Figure 5-8: Bridged Mode Only
Figure 5-9: Optional Settings
Figure 5-10: DynDNS.org
Figure 5-11: TZO.com
Figure 5-12: Advanced Routing
Figure 5-13: Routing Table
Figure 5-14: Wireless Network Mode
Figure 5-15: WPA Pre-Shared Key
Figure 5-16: WPA RADIUS
Figure 5-17: WEP
Figure 5-18: Wireless Network Access
Figure 5-19: MAC Address Access List
Figure 5-20: Advanced Wireless Settings
Figure 5-21: Firewall
Figure 5-22: VPN
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Figure 5-23: VPN Settings Summary
Figure 5-24: Manual Key Management
Figure 5-25: System Log
Figure 5-26: Advanced VPN Tunnel Setup
Figure 5-27: Internet Access
Figure 5-28: Internet Policy Summary
Figure 5-29: List of PCs
Figure 5-30: Port Services
Figure 5-31: Single Port Forwarding
Figure 5-32: Port Range Forwarding
Figure 5-33: Port Triggering
Figure 5-34: DMZ
Figure 5-35: Management
Figure 5-36: Reporting
Figure 5-37: System Log
Figure 5-38: Ping Test
Figure 5-39: Factory Defaults
Figure 5-40: Firmware Upgrade
Figure 5-41: Reboot ADSL Gateway
Figure 5-42: Status
Figure 5-43: Local Network
Figure 5-44: DHCP Clients Table
Figure 5-45: Wireless
Figure 5-46: Wireless Clients
Figure 5-47: DSL Connection
Figure C-1: IP Password Screen
Figure C-2: IP Setup Tab
Figure C-3: Filter List Tab
Figure C-4: IP Filter LIst
Figure C-5: Filters Properties
Figure C-6: New Rule Properties
Figure C-7: IP Filter List
Figure C-8: Filters Properties
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Figure C-9: New Rule Properties
Figure C-10: IP Filter List Tab
Figure C-11: Filter Acton Tab
Figure C-12: Security Methods Tab
Figure C-13: Authentication Methods
Figure C-14: Preshared Key
Figure C-15: New Preshared Key
Figure C-16: Tunnel Setting Tab
Figure C-17: Connection Type Tab
Figure C-18: Properties Screen
Figure C-19: IP Filter List Tab
Figure C-20: Filter Action Tab
Figure C-21: Authentication Methods Tab
Figure C-22: Preshared Key
Figure C-23: New Preshared Key
Figure C-24: Tunnel Setting Tab
Figure C-25: Connection Type
Figure C-26: Rules
Figure C-27: Local Computer
Figure C-28: VPN Tab
Figure D-1: IP Configuration Screen
Figure D-2: MAC Address/Adapter Address
Figure D-3: MAC Address/Physical Address
Figure D-4: MAC Address Filter
Figure D-5: MAC Address Clone
Figure E-1: Upgrade Firmware
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Chapter 1: Introduction
Welcome
The Linksys Wireless-G ADSL Gateway is the all-in-one solution for Internet connectivity in your home. The ADSL
Modem function gives you a blazing fast connection to the Internet, far faster than a dial-up, and without tying up
your phone line.
Connect your computers to the Gateway via the built-in 4-port 10/100 Ethernet Switch to jump start your home
network. You can share files, printers, hard drive space and other resources, or play head-to-head computer
games. Attach four computers directly, or connect more hubs and switches to create as big a network as you
need. The built-in Wireless-G (802.11g) Access Point allows up to 32 wireless devices to connect to your network
at data rates up to 54Mbps, without running cables through the house. It's also compatible with Wireless-B
(802.11b) devices, at 11Mbps. The Gateway ties it all together and lets your whole network share that highspeed Internet connection.
To protect your data and privacy, the Wireless-G ADSL Gateway features an advanced firewall to keep Internet
intruders and attackers out. Wireless transmissions can be protected by powerful data encryption. Safeguard
your family with Parental Control features like Internet Access Time Limits and Key Word Blocking. Configuration
is a snap with any web browser.
With the Linksys Wireless-G ADSL Gateway at the heart of your home network, you're connected to the future.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Welcome
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
What’s in this Guide?
This user guide covers the steps for setting up and using the Wireless-G ADSL Gateway.
• Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter describes the Wireless-G ADSL Gateway Wireless-G ADSL Gateway applications and this User
Guide.
• Chapter 2: Planning Your Network
This chapter describes the basics of networking.
• Chapter 3: Getting to Know the Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
This chapter describes the physical features of the Gateway.
• Chapter 4: Connecting the Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
This chapter instructs you on how to connect the Gateway to your network.
• Chapter 5: Configuring the Gateway
This chapter explains how to use the Web-Based Utility to configure the settings on the Gateway.
• Appendix A: Troubleshooting
This appendix describes some problems and solutions, as well as frequently asked questions, regarding
installation and use of the Wireless-G ADSL Gateway.
• Appendix B: Wireless Security
This appendix explains the risks of wireless networking and some solutions to reduce the risks.
• Appendix C: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 Computer and the Gateway
This appendix instructs you on how to establish a secure IPSec tunnel using preshared keys to join a private
network inside the VPN Gateway and a Windows 2000 or XP computer.
• Appendix D: Upgrading Firmware
This appendix instructs you on how to upgrade the firmware on your Gateway if you should need to do so.
• Appendix E: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for your Ethernet Adapter.
This appendix describes how to find the MAC address for your computer’s Ethernet adapter so you can use
the MAC filtering and/or MAC address cloning feature of the Gateway.
• Appendix F: Glossary
This appendix gives a brief glossary of terms frequently used in networking.
Chapter 1: Introduction
What’s in this Guide?
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
• Appendix G: Specifications
This appendix provides the technical specifications for the Gateway.
• Appendix H: Warranty Information
This appendix supplies the warranty information for the Gateway.
• Appendix I: Regulatory Information
This appendix supplies the regulatory information regarding the Gateway.
• Appendix J: Contact Information
This appendix provides contact information for a variety of Linksys resources, including Technical Support.
Chapter 1: Introduction
What’s in this Guide?
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
Chapter 2: Planning Your Network
The Gateway’s Functions
A Gateway is a network device that connects two networks together.
In this instance, the Gateway connects your Local Area Network (LAN), or the group of computers in your home or
office, to the Internet. The Gateway processes and regulates the data that travels between these two networks.
The Gateway’s NAT feature protects your network of computers so users on the public, Internet side cannot “see”
your computers. This is how your network remains private. The Gateway protects your network by inspecting
every packet coming in through the Internet port before delivery to the appropriate computer on your network.
The Gateway inspects Internet port services like the web server, ftp server, or other Internet applications, and, if
allowed, it will forward the packet to the appropriate computer on the LAN side.
Remember that the Gateway’s ports connect to two sides. The LAN ports connect to the LAN, and the ADSL port
connects to the Internet. The LAN ports transmit data at 10/100Mbps.
IP Addresses
What’s an IP Address?
IP stands for Internet Protocol. Every device on an IP-based network, including computers, print servers, and
Gateways, requires an IP address to identify its “location,” or address, on the network. This applies to both the
Internet and LAN connections. There are two ways of assigning an IP address to your network devices. You can
assign static IP addresses or use the Gateway to assign IP addresses dynamically.
Static IP Addresses
A static IP address is a fixed IP address that you assign manually to a computer or other device on the network.
Since a static IP address remains valid until you disable it, static IP addressing ensures that the device assigned
it will always have that same IP address until you change it. Static IP addresses must be unique and are
commonly used with network devices such as server computers or print servers.
Chapter 2: Planning Your Network
The Gateway’s Functions
Figure 2-1: Network
LAN: the computers and networking products that
make up your local network
NOTE: Since the Gateway is a device that connects two
networks, it needs two IP addresses—one for the LAN,
and one for the Internet. In this User Guide, you’ll see
references to the “Internet IP address” and the “LAN IP
address.”
Since the Gateway uses NAT technology, the only IP
address that can be seen from the Internet for your
network is the Gateway’s Internet IP address. However,
even this Internet IP address can be blocked, so that the
Gateway and network seem invisible to the Internet—
see the Block WAN Requests description under Security
in “Chapter 5: Configuring the Gateway.”
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
Since you use the Gateway to share your DSL Internet connection, contact your ISP to find out if they have
assigned a static IP address to your account. If so, you will need that static IP address when configuring the
Gateway. You can get that information from your ISP.
Dynamic IP Addresses
A dynamic IP address is automatically assigned to a device on the network, such as computers and print servers.
These IP addresses are called “dynamic” because they are only temporarily assigned to the computer or device.
After a certain time period, they expire and may change. If a computer logs onto the network (or the Internet) and
its dynamic IP address has expired, the DHCP server will automatically assign it a new dynamic IP address.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Servers
Computers and other network devices using dynamic IP addressing are assigned a new IP address by a DHCP
server. The computer or network device obtaining an IP address is called the DHCP client. DHCP frees you from
having to assign IP addresses manually every time a new user is added to your network.
A DHCP server can either be a designated computer on the network or another network device, such as the
Gateway. By default, the Gateway’s DHCP Server function is enabled.
If you already have a DHCP server running on your network, you must disable one of the two DHCP servers. If you
run more than one DHCP server on your network, you will experience network errors, such as conflicting IP
addresses. To disable DHCP on the Gateway, see the DHCP section in “Chapter 5: Configuring the Gateway.”
What is a VPN?
A VPN, or Virtual Private Network, is a connection between two endpoints - a VPN Gateway, for instance - in
different networks that allows private data to be sent securely over a shared or public network, such as the
Internet. This establishes a private network that can send data securely between these two locations or
networks.
This is done by creating a “tunnel”. A VPN tunnel connects the two computers or networks and allows data to be
transmitted over the Internet as if it were still within those networks. Not a literal tunnel, it is a connection
secured by encrypting the data sent between the two networks.
VPN was created as a cost-effective alternative to using a private, dedicated, leased line for a private network.
Using industry standard encryption and authentication techniques - IPSec, short for IP Security - the VPN creates
a secure connection that, in effect, operates as if you were directly connected to your local network. Virtual
Private Networking can be used to create secure networks linking a central office with branch offices,
Chapter 2: Planning Your Network
What is a VPN?
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telecommuters, and/or professionals on the road (travelers can connect to a VPN Gateway using any computer
with VPN client software that supports IPSec, such as SSH Sentinel.)
There are two basic ways to create a VPN connection:
• VPN Gateway to VPN Gateway
• Computer (using VPN client software that supports IPSec) to VPN Gateway
The VPN Gateway creates a “tunnel” or channel between two endpoints, so that data transmissions between
them are secure. A computer with VPN client software that supports IPSec can be one of the two endpoints. Any
computer with the built-in IPSec Security Manager (Microsoft 2000 and XP) allows the VPN Gateway to create a
VPN tunnel using IPSec (refer to “Appendix C: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP computer and
the VPN Gateway”). Other versions of Microsoft operating systems require additional, third-party VPN client
software applications that support IPSec to be installed.
Computer (using VPN client software that supports IPSec) to VPN Gateway
The following is an example of a computer-to-VPN Gateway VPN. (See Figure 2-2.) In her hotel room, a traveling
businesswoman dials up her ISP. Her notebook computer has VPN client software that is configured with her
office's VPN settings. She accesses the VPN client software that supports IPSec and connects to the VPN Gateway at the central office. As VPNs utilize the Internet, distance is not a factor. Using the VPN, the businesswoman
now has a secure connection to the central office's network, as if she were physically connected.
VPN Gateway to VPN Gateway
An example of a VPN Gateway-to-VPN Gateway VPN would be as follows. (See Figure 2-3.) At home, a
telecommuter uses his VPN Gateway for his always-on Internet connection. His Gateway is configured with his
office's VPN settings. When he connects to his office's Gateway, the two Gateways create a VPN tunnel,
encrypting and decrypting data. As VPNs utilize the Internet, distance is not a factor. Using the VPN, the
telecommuter now has a secure connection to the central office's network, as if he were physically connected.
For additional information and instructions about creating your own VPN, please visit Linksys’s international
website at www.linksys.com/international or refer to “Appendix C: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or
XP computer and the VPN Gateway.”
Figure 2-2: Computer-to-VPN Gateway
IMPORTANT: You must have at least one VPN
Gateway on one end of the VPN tunnel. At the
other end of the VPN tunnel, you must have a
second VPN Gateway or a computer with VPN
client software that supports IPSec.
Why do I need a VPN?
Computer networking provides a flexibility not available when using a paper-based system. With this flexibility,
however, comes an increased risk in security. This is why firewalls were first introduced. Firewalls help to
Chapter 2: Planning Your Network
Why do I need a VPN?
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protect data inside of a local network. But what do you do once information is sent outside of your local network,
when emails are sent to their destination, or when you have to connect to your company's network when you are
out on the road? How is your data protected?
That is when a VPN can help. VPNs secure data moving outside of your network as if it were still within that
network.
When data is sent out across the Internet from your computer, it is always open to attacks. You may already have
a firewall, which will help protect data moving around or held within your network from being corrupted or
intercepted by entities outside of your network, but once data moves outside of your network - when you send
data to someone via email or communicate with an individual over the Internet - the firewall will no longer protect
that data.
At this point, your data becomes open to hackers using a variety of methods to steal not only the data you are
transmitting but also your network login and security data. Some of the most common methods are as follows:
1) MAC Address Spoofing
Packets transmitted over a network, either your local network or the Internet, are preceded by a packet header.
These packet headers contain both the source and destination information for that packet to transmit efficiently.
A hacker can use this information to spoof (or fake) a MAC address allowed on the network. With this spoofed
MAC address, the hacker can also intercept information meant for another user.
2) Data Sniffing
Figure 2-3: VPN Gateway-to-VPN Gateway
Data “sniffing” is a method used by hackers to obtain network data as it travels through unsecured networks,
such as the Internet. Tools for just this kind of activity, such as protocol analyzers and network diagnostic tools,
are often built into operating systems and allow the data to be viewed in clear text.
3) Man in the Middle Attacks
Once the hacker has either sniffed or spoofed enough information, he can now perform a “man in the middle”
attack. This attack is performed, when data is being transmitted from one network to another, by rerouting the
data to a new destination. Even though the data is not received by its intended recipient, it appears that way to
the person sending the data.
These are only a few of the methods hackers use and they are always developing more. Without the security of
your VPN, your data is constantly open to such attacks as it travels over the Internet. Data travelling over the
Internet will often pass through many different servers around the world before reaching its final destination.
That's a long way to go for unsecured data and this is when a VPN serves its purpose.
Chapter 2: Planning Your Network
Why do I need a VPN?
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
Chapter 3: Getting to Know the Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
The Back Panel
Figure 3-1: Back Panel
The Gateway’s ports, where a network cable is connected, are located on the back panel. The Gateway’s buttons
are also located on the back panel.
LINE
The LINE port connects to the ADSL line.
Ethernet (1-4)
The Ethernet ports connect to your computer and other network devices.
Power
The Power port is where you will connect the power adapter.
Reset Button
There are two ways to Reset the Gateway's factory defaults. Either press the Reset Button,
for approximately ten seconds, or restore the defaults from the Factory Defaults screen of the
Administration tab in the Gateway’s Web-Based Utility.
On/Off
This switch is used to turn the Gateway on or off.
Important: Resetting the Gateway to factory
defaults will erase all of your settings (WEP
Encryption, Wireless and LAN settings, etc.)
and replace them with the factory defaults. Do
not reset the Gateway if you want to retain
these settings.
With these, and many other, Linksys products, your networking options are limitless. Go to the Linksys
international website at www.linksys.com/international for more information about products that work with the
Gateway.
Chapter 3: Getting to Know the Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
The Back Panel
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The Front Panel
The Gateway's LEDs, where information about network activity is displayed, are located on the front panel.
Figure 3-2: Front Panel
Power
Green. The Power LED lights up when the Gateway is powered on.
Ethernet (1-4)
Green. The LAN LED serves two purposes. If the LED is continuously lit, the Gateway is
successfully connected to a device through the LAN port. If the LED is blinking, it is an
indication of any network activity.
WLAN
Green. The WLAN LED lights up whenever there is a successful wireless connection. If the LED
is blinking, the Gateway is actively sending or receiving data to or from one of the devices on
the network.
DSL
Green. The DSL LED lights up whenever there is a successful DSL connection. The LED blinks
while establishing the ADSL connection.
Internet
Green. The Internet LED lights up green when an Internet connection to the Internet Service
Provider (ISP) session is established. The Internet LED lights up red when the connection to
the ISP fails.
Chapter 3: Getting to Know the Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
The Front Panel
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Chapter 4: Connecting the Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
Overview
The Gateway’s setup consists of more than simply plugging hardware together. You will have to configure your
networked computers to accept the IP addresses that the Gateway assigns them (if applicable), and you will also
have to configure the Gateway with setting(s) provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP).
The installation technician from your ISP should have left the setup information for your modem with you after
installing your broadband connection. If not, you can call your ISP to request that data.
After you have the setup information you need for your specific type of Internet connection, you can begin
installation and setup of the Gateway.
If you want to use a computer with an Ethernet adapter to configure the Gateway, continue to “Wired Connection
to a computer.” If you want to use a computer with a wireless adapter to configure the Gateway, continue to
“Wireless Connection to a Computer.”
Chapter 4: Connecting the Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
Overview
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Wired Connection to a Computer
1. Before you begin, make sure that all of your network’s hardware is powered off, including the Gateway and
all computers.
2. Connect one end of an Ethernet network cable to one of the Ethernet ports (labeled 1-4) on the back of the
Gateway (see Figure 4-1), and the other end to an Ethernet port on a computer.
3. Repeat this step to connect more computers, a switch, or other network devices to the Gateway.
NOTE: A small device called a microfilter (not included) may be necessary between each
phone and wall jack to prevent interference. Contact your ISP if you have any questions.
Figure 4-1: Ethernet Connection
IMPORTANT: For countries that have phone jacks with RJ-11 connectors, make sure to
only place the microfilters between the phone and the wall jack and not between the
Modem and the wall jack or your ADSL will not connect.
For countries that do not have phone jacks with RJ-11 connectors (e.g. France, Sweden,
Switzerland, United Kingdom, etc.), except for ISDN users, the microfilter has to be used
between the modem and the wall jack, because the microfilter will have the RJ-11
connector.
Annex B users (E1 and DE versions of the Gateway) must use the included special cable to
connect the gateway to the wall jack (RJ-45 to RJ-12). If you require splitters or special
jacks, please contact your service provider.
Figure 4-2: ADSL Connection
NOTE: You should always plug the Gateway’s power
adapter into a power strip with surge protection.
4. Connect a phone cable from the Line port on the Gateway’s back panel (see Figure 4-2) to the wall jack of the
ADSL line. A small device called a microfilter may be necessary between each phone and wall jack to prevent
interference. Contact your ISP if you have any questions.
5. Connect the power adapter to the Gateway’s Power port (see Figure 4-3), and then plug the power adapter
into a power outlet. Turn the On/Off switch to On.
• The Power LED on the front panel will light up green as soon as the power adapter is connected properly
and the switch is turned on. The Power LED will flash for a few seconds, then it will light up steady when
the self-test is complete. If the LED flashes for one minute or longer, see “Appendix A: Troubleshooting.”
6. Power on one of your computers that is connected to the Gateway.
Chapter 4: Connecting the Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
Wired Connection to a Computer
Figure 4-3: Power Connection
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Wireless Connection to a Computer
If you want to use a wireless connection to access the Gateway, follow these instructions:
1. Before you begin, make sure that all of your network’s hardware is powered off, including the Gateway and all
computers.
NOTE: A small device called a microfilter (not included) may be necessary between each
phone and wall jack to prevent interference. Contact your ISP if you have any questions.
NOTE: You should always change the SSID from its
default, linksys, and enable WEP encryption.
IMPORTANT: For countries that have phone jacks with RJ-11 connectors, make sure to only
place the microfilters between the phone and the wall jack and not between the Modem and
the wall jack or your ADSL will not connect.
For countries that do not have phone jacks with RJ-11 connectors (e.g. France, Sweden,
Switzerland, United Kingdom, etc.), except for ISDN users, the microfilter has to be used
between the modem and the wall jack, because the microfilter will have the RJ-11 connector.
Annex B users (E1 and DE versions of the Gateway) must use the included special cable to
connect the gateway to the wall jack (RJ-45 to RJ-12). If you require splitters or special jacks,
please contact your service provider.
2. Connect a phone cable from the Line port on the Gateway’s back panel to the wall jack of the ADSL line. A
small device called a microfilter may be necessary between each phone and wall jack to prevent interference.
Contact your ISP if you have any questions.
3. Connect the power adapter to the Power port, and then plug the power adapter into a power outlet. Turn the
On/Off switch to On.
• The Power LED on the front panel will light up green as soon as the power adapter is connected properly
and the switch is turned on. The Power LED will flash for a few seconds, then light up steady when the
self-test is complete. If the LED flashes for one minute or longer, see “Appendix A: Troubleshooting.”
4. Power on one of the computers on your wireless network(s).
5. For initial access to the Gateway through a wireless connection, make sure the computer’s wireless adapter
has its SSID set to linksys (the Gateway’s default setting), and its Wireless Security is disabled. After you have
accessed the Gateway, you can change the Gateway and this computer’s adapter settings to match the your
usual network settings.
The Gateway’s hardware installation is now complete.
Go to “Chapter 5: Configuring the Gateway.”
Chapter 4: Connecting the Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
Wireless Connection to a Computer
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Chapter 5: Configuring the Gateway
Overview
Follow the steps in this chapter and use the Gateway’s web-based utility to configure the Gateway. This chapter
will describe each web page in the Utility and each page’s key functions. The utility can be accessed via your web
browser through use of a computer connected to the Gateway. For a basic network setup, most users only have to
use the following screens of the Utility:
Have You: Enabled TCP/IP on your computers?
computers communicate over the network with
this protocol. Refer to Windows Help for more
information on TCP/IP.
• Basic Setup. On the Basic Setup screen, enter the settings provided by your ISP.
• Management. Click the Administration tab and then the Management tab. The Gateway’s default username
and password is admin. To secure the Gateway, change the Password from its default.
Note: For added security, you should change
the password through the Administration tab.
There are seven main tabs: Setup, Wireless, Security, Access Restrictions, Applications & Gaming, Administration,
and Status. Additional tabs will be available after you click one of the main tabs.
Setup
• Basic Setup. Enter the Internet connection and network settings on this screen.
• DDNS. To enable the Gateway’s Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS) feature, complete the fields on this
screen.
• Advanced Routing. On this screen, you can alter Dynamic Routing, and Static Routing configurations.
Wireless
• Basic Wireless Settings. You can choose your Wireless Network Mode and Wireless Security on this screen.
• Wireless Network Access. This screen displays your wireless network access list.
• Advanced Wireless Settings. On this screen you can access the Advanced Wireless features.
Security
• Firewall. This screen contains Filters and Block WAN Requests. Filters block specific internal users from
accessing the Internet and block anonymous Internet requests.
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• VPN. To enable or disable IPSec and/or PPTP Pass-through, and set up VPN tunnels, use this screen.
Access Restrictions
• Internet Access. This screen allows you to prevent or permit only certain users from attaching to your
network.
Applications & Gaming
• Single Port Forwarding. Use this screen to set up common services or applications on your network.
• Port Range Forwarding. To set up public services or other specialized Internet applications on your network,
click this tab.
• Port Triggering. To set up triggered ranges and forwarded ranges for Internet applications, click this tab.
• DMZ. To allow one local user to be exposed to the Internet for use of special-purpose services, use this
screen.
Administration
• Management. On this screen, alter Gateway access privileges, SNMP, UPnP, and WT-82 settings.
• Reporting. If you want to view or save activity logs, click this tab.
• Diagnostics. Use this screen to do a Ping Test.
• Factory Defaults. If you want to restore the Gateway’s factory defaults, use this screen.
• Firmware Upgrade. Click this tab if you want to upgrade the Gateway’s firmware.
Status
• Gateway. This screen provides status information about the Gateway.
• Local Network. This provides status information about the local network.
• Wireless. This screen provides status information about the wireless network.
• DSL Connection. This screen provides status information about the DSL connection.
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How to Access the Web-based Utility
To access the web-based utility, launch Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator, and enter the Gateway’s default
IP address, 192.168.1.1, in the Address field. Then press Enter.
A password request page, shown in Figure 5-1 will appear. (non-Windows XP users will see a similar screen.)
Enter admin (the default user name) in the User Name field, and enter admin (the default password) in the
Password field. Then click the OK button.
The Setup Tab
Figure 5-1: Password Screen
The Basic Setup Tab
The first screen that appears is the Basic Setup tab. This tab allows you to change the Gateway's general
settings. Change these settings as described here and click the Save Settings button to save your changes or
Cancel Changes to cancel your changes.
Internet Setup
• PVC Connection. Select a PVC connection number from the drop-down menu. Then, select the Enable Now to
enable the connection.
• VC Settings. Virtual Circuits (VPI and VCI): These fields consist of two items: VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) and VCI
(Virtual Channel Identifier). Your ISP will provide the correct settings for these fields.
• Multiplexing: Select LLC or VC , depending on your ISP.
• QOS Type: Select from the drop-down menu: CBR, Continuous Bit Rate to specify fixed bandwidth for
voice or data traffic; UBR, Unspecific Bit Rate for application that are none-time sensitive, such as email;
or VBR, Variable Bite Rate for Bursty traffic and bandwidth sharing with other application.
• Pcr Rate: Peak Cell Rate, divide the DSL line rate by 424 to find the PCR to get the maximum rate the
sender can send cells. Enter the rate in the field (if required by your service provider).
• Scr Rate: Sustain Cell Rate, sets the average cell rate that can be transmitted. SCR normally less than
PCR. Enter the rate in the field (if required by your service provider).
• Autodetect: Select Enable to have the settings automatically entered or Disable to enter the values
manually.
Chapter 5: Configuring the Gateway
How to Access the Web-based Utility
Figure 5-2: Basic Setup Tab
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• Virtual Circuit: Enter the VPI and VCI ranges in the fields.
• Internet Connection Type. The Gateway supports five Encapsulations: RFC 1483 Bridged, RFC 1483 Routed,
RFC 2516 PPPoE, RFC 2364 PPPoA, and Bridged Mode Only. Each Basic Setup screen and available features
will differ depending on what type of encapsulation you select.
RFC 1483 Bridged
Dynamic IP
IP Settings. Select Obtain an IP Address Automatically if your ISP says you are connecting through a
dynamic IP address.
Static IP
If you are required to use a permanent (static) IP address to connect to the Internet, then select Use the
following IP Address.
• Internet IP Address. This is the Gateway’s IP address, when seen from the WAN, or the Internet. Your ISP
will provide you with the IP Address you need to specify here.
Figure 5-3: Dynamic IP
• Subnet Mask. This is the Gateway’s Subnet Mask. Your ISP will provide you with the Subnet Mask.
• Gateway. Your ISP will provide you with the default Gateway Address, which is the ISP server’s IP
address.
• Primary DNS. (Required) and Secondary DNS (Optional). Your ISP will provide you with at least one DNS
(Domain Name System) Server IP Address.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or
click the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Figure 5-4: Static IP
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RFC 1483 Routed
If you are required to use RFC 1483 Routed, then select RFC 1483 Routed.
• IP Address. This is the Gateway’s IP address, when seen from the WAN, or the Internet. Your ISP will
provide you with the IP Address you need to specify here.
• Subnet Mask. This is the Gateway’s Subnet Mask. Your ISP will provide you with the Subnet Mask.
• Default Gateway. Your ISP will provide you with the Default Gateway Address, which is the ISP server’s IP
address.
• Primary DNS. (Required) and Secondary DNS (Optional). Your ISP will provide you with at least one DNS
(Domain Name System) Server IP Address.
RFC 2516 PPPoE
Some DSL-based ISPs use PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) to establish Internet connections. If
you are connected to the Internet through a DSL line, check with your ISP to see if they use PPPoE. If they
do, you will have to enable PPPoE.
Figure 5-5: RFC 1483 Routed
• Service Name. Enter the name of your PPPoE service in the field.
• User Name and Password. Enter the User Name and Password provided by your ISP.
• Connect on Demand: Max Idle Time. You can configure the Gateway to disconnect the Internet
connection after it has been inactive for a specified period of time (Max Idle Time). If your Internet
connection has been terminated due to inactivity, Connect on Demand enables the Gateway to
automatically re-establish your connection as soon as you attempt to access the Internet again. If you
wish to activate Connect on Demand, click the radio button. In the Max Idle Time field, enter the
number of minutes you want to have elapsed before your Internet connection terminates.
• Keep Alive: Redial Period. If you select this option, the Gateway will periodically check your Internet
connection. If you are disconnected, then the Gateway will automatically re-establish your connection.
To use this option, click the radio button next to Keep Alive. In the Redial Period field, you specify how
often you want the Gateway to check the Internet connection. The default Redial Period is 30 seconds.
To use a second PPPoE, enable Second PPPoE from the drop-down menu. Enter the Service Name, User
Name, Password, Connect on Demand, and Keep Alive. Enter the domain name in the Match Domain Name
field.
Figure 5-6: RFC 2516 PPPoE
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When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or
click the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
RFC 2364 PPPoA
Some DSL-based ISPs use PPPoA (Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM) to establish Internet connections. If you
are connected to the Internet through a DSL line, check with your ISP to see if they use PPPoA. If they do, you
will have to enable PPPoA.
• User Name and Password. Enter the User Name and Password provided by your ISP.
• Connect on Demand: Max Idle Time. You can configure the Gateway to cut the Internet connection after it
has been inactive for a specified period of time (Max Idle Time). If your Internet connection has been
terminated due to inactivity, Connect on Demand enables the Gateway to automatically re-establish your
connection as soon as you attempt to access the Internet again. If you wish to activate Connect on
Demand, click the radio button. In the Max Idle Time field, enter the number of minutes you want to have
elapsed before your Internet connection terminates.
Figure 5-7: RFC 2364 PPPoA
• Keep Alive Option: Redial Period. If you select this option, the Gateway will periodically check your
Internet connection. If you are disconnected, then the Gateway will automatically re-establish your
connection. To use this option, click the radio button next to Keep Alive. In the Redial Period field, you
specify how often you want the Gateway to check the Internet connection. The default Redial Period is 30
seconds.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or
click the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Bridged Mode Only
If you are using your Gateway as a bridge, which makes the Gateway act like a standalone modem, select
Bridged Mode Only. All NAT and routing is disabled in this mode.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or
click the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Figure 5-8: Bridged Mode Only
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Optional Settings (Required by some ISPs)
• Host Name and Domain Name. These fields allow you to supply a host and domain name for the Gateway.
Some ISPs require these names as identification. You may have to check with your ISP to see if your
broadband Internet service has been configured with a host and domain name. In most cases, leaving these
fields blank will work.
• MTU. The MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) setting specifies the largest packet size permitted for network
transmission. Select Manual and enter the value desired in the Size field. It is recommended that you leave
this value in the 1200 to 1500 range. By default, MTU is configured automatically.
Network Setup
• Router IP. The values for the Gateway’s Local IP Address and Subnet Mask are shown here. In most cases,
keeping the default values will work.
• Local IP Address. The default value is 192.168.1.1.
• Subnet Mask. The default value is 255.255.255.0.
• Network Address Server Settings (DHCP). A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server automatically
assigns an IP address to each computer on your network for you. Unless you already have one, it is highly
recommended that you leave the Gateway enabled as a DHCP server.
Figure 5-9: Optional Settings
• DHCP Server. If you enable the DHCP Server or DHCP Relay for the Local DHCP server, enter the IP address
for the DHCP server in the fields. Click the Advanced button to reserve a specific IP address to be
assigned to a specific MAC address (up to 10 entries) and a host name to a specific IP address (up to 10
entries).
• Starting IP Address. Enter a value for the DHCP server to start with when issuing IP addresses. This value
must be 192.168.1. 2 or greater, because the default IP address for the Gateway is 192.168.1.1.
• Maximum Number of DHCP Users. Enter the maximum number of users/clients that can obtain an IP
address. The number will vary depending on the starting IP address entered.
• Client Lease Time. The Client Lease Time is the amount of time a network user will be allowed connection
to the Gateway with their current dynamic IP address. Enter the amount of time, in minutes, that the user
will be “leased” this dynamic IP address.
• Static DNS 1-3. The Domain Name System (DNS) is how the Internet translates domain or website names
into Internet addresses or URLs. Your ISP will provide you with at least one DNS Server IP Address. You
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can enter up to three DNS Server IP Addresses here. The Router will use these for quicker access to
functioning DNS servers.
• WINS. The Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) converts NetBIOS names to IP addresses. If you use a
WINS server, enter that server’s IP address here. Otherwise, leave this field blank.
• Time Setting. This is where you set the time zone for your Gateway. Select your time zone from the dropdown menu. If desired, check the Automatically adjust clock for daylight saving changes.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
The DDNS Tab
The Gateway offers a Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS) feature. DDNS lets you assign a fixed host and
domain name to a dynamic Internet IP address. It is useful when you are hosting your own website, FTP server, or
other server behind the Gateway.
Before you can use this feature, you need to sign up for DDNS service at DynDNS.org.
DDNS
Figure 5-10: DynDNS.org
DDNS Service. If your DDNS service is provided by DynDNS.org, then select DynDNS.org in the drop-down menu.
(See Figure 5-10.) To disable DDNS Service, select Disabled.
DynDNS.org
• User Name, Password, and Host Name. Enter the User Name, Password, and Host Name of the account you
set up with DynDNS.org.
• Internet IP Address. The Gateway’s current Internet IP Address is displayed here. Because it is dynamic, it will
change.
• Status. The status of the DDNS service connection is displayed here.
TZO.com
• Email Address, Password, and Domain Name. Enter the Email Address, TZO Password Key, and Domain Name
of the service you set up with TZO.
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Figure 5-11: TZO.com
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• Internet IP Address. The Router’s current Internet IP Address is displayed here. Because it is dynamic, this will
change.
• Status. The status of the DDNS service connection is displayed here.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Advanced Routing Tab
The Advanced Routing screen allows you to configure the dynamic routing and static routing settings.
Advanced Routing
• Operating Mode. NAT is a security feature that is enabled by default. It enables the Gateway to translate IP
addresses of your local area network to a different IP address for the Internet. To disable NAT, click the
Disabled radio button.
• Dynamic Routing. With Dynamic Routing you can enable the Gateway to automatically adjust to physical
changes in the network’s layout. The Gateway, using the RIP protocol, determines the network packets’ route
based on the fewest number of hops between the source and the destination. The RIP protocol regularly
broadcasts routing information to other Gateways on the network. To enable RIP, click Enabled. To disable
RIP, click Disabled.
Figure 5-12: Advanced Routing
• Transmit RIP Version. To transmit RIP messages, select the protocol you want: RIP1, RIP1-Compatible,
or RIP2. If you don’t want to transmit RIP messages, select None.
• Receive RIP Version. To receive RIP messages, select the protocol you want: RIP1 or RIP2. If you don’t
want to receive RIP messages, select None.
• Static Routing. If the Gateway is connected to more than one network, it may be necessary to set up a static
route between them. A static route is a pre-determined pathway that network information must travel to
reach a specific host or network. To create a static route, change the following settings:
• Select set number. Select the number of the static route from the drop-down menu. The Gateway
supports up to 20 static route entries. If you need to delete a route, after selecting the entry, click the
Delete This Entry button.
• Destination IP Address. The Destination IP Address is the address of the remote network or host to which
you want to assign a static route. Enter the IP address of the host for which you wish to create a static
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route. If you are building a route to an entire network, be sure that the network portion of the IP address
is set to 0.
• Subnet Mask. The Subnet Mask (also known as the Network Mask) determines which portion of an IP
address is the network portion, and which portion is the host portion.
• Gateway. This IP address should be the IP address of the gateway device that allows for contact
between the Gateway and the remote network or host.
Figure 5-13: Routing Table
• Hop Count. Hop Count is the number of hops to each node until the destination is reached (16 hops
maximum). Enter the Hop Count in the field.
• Show Routing Table. Click the Show Routing Table button to open a screen displaying how data is routed
through your LAN. For each route, the Destination IP address, Subnet Mask, Gateway, and Interface are
displayed. Click the Refresh button to update the information. Click the Close button to return to the previous
screen.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
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The Wireless Tab
Basic Wireless Settings Tab
This screen allows you to choose your wireless network mode and wireless security.
Wireless Network
• Wireless Network Mode. If you have 802.11g and 802.11b devices in your network, then keep the default
setting, Mixed. If you have only 802.11g devices, select 802.11g. If you have only 802.11b devices, select
802.11b. If you want to disable wireless networking, select Disabled.
• Wireless Network Name (SSID). Enter the name for your wireless network into the field. The SSID is the
network name shared among all devices in a wireless network. The SSID must be identical for all devices in
the wireless network. It is case-sensitive and must not exceed 32 alphanumeric characters, which may be
any keyboard character. Linksys recommends that you change the default SSID (linksys) to a unique name of
your choice.
• Wireless Channel. Select the appropriate channel from the list provided to correspond with your network
settings, between 1 and 11 (in North America). All devices in your wireless network must use the same
channel in order to function correctly. Linksys wireless clients will automatically detect the wireless channel
of the Gateway.
Figure 5-14: Wireless Network Mode
• Wireless SSID Broadcast. When wireless clients survey the local area for wireless networks to associate with,
they will detect the SSID broadcast by the Router. To broadcast the Router's SSID, keep the default setting,
Enable. If you do not want to broadcast the Router's SSID, then select Disable.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
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Wireless Security Tab
The Wireless Security settings configure the security of your wireless network. There are three wireless security
mode options supported by the Gateway: WPA Pre-Shared Key, WPA RADIUS, and WEP. (WPA stands for Wi-Fi
Protected Access, which is a security standard stronger than WEP encryption. WEP stands for Wired Equivalent
Privacy, while RADIUS stands for Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service.) These are briefly discussed here.
For detailed instructions on configuring wireless security for the Gateway, turn to “Appendix B: Wireless
Security.” If you want to disable wireless security, select Disable from the drop-down menu for Security Mode.
WPA Pre-Shared Key. Enter a WPA Shared Key of 8-32 characters. Then enter a Group Key Renewal period, which
instructs the Gateway how often it should change the encryption keys.
Figure 5-15: WPA Pre-Shared Key
WPA RADIUS. This option features WPA used in coordination with a RADIUS server. (This should only be used
when a RADIUS server is connected to the Gateway.) Enter the RADIUS server’s IP Address and port number, along
with a key shared between the Gateway and the server. Then, enter a Key Renewal Timeout, which instructs the
Gateway how often it should change the encryption keys.
Figure 5-16: WPA RADIUS
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WEP. WEP is a basic encryption method, which is not as secure as WPA. To use WEP, select a Default Key (choose
which Key to use), and a level of WEP encryption, 64 bits 10 hex digits or 128 bits 26 hex digits. Then either
generate a WEP key using a Passphrase or enter the WEP key manually.
• WEP Encryption. An acronym for Wired Equivalent Privacy, WEP is an encryption method used to protect your
wireless data communications. WEP uses 64-bit or 128-bit keys to provide access control to your network
and encryption security for every data transmission. To decode data transmissions, all devices in a network
must use an identical WEP key. Higher encryption levels offer higher levels of security, but due to the
complexity of the encryption, they may decrease network performance. To enable WEP, select 64 bits (10
hex digits) or 128 bits (26 hex digits).
• Default Transmit Key Select which WEP key (1-4) will be used when the Gateway sends data. Make sure that
the receiving device (wireless client) is using the same key.
• Passphrase. Instead of manually entering WEP keys, you can enter a passphrase. This passphrase is used to
generate one or more WEP keys. It is case-sensitive and should not be longer than 32 alphanumeric
characters. (This Passphrase function is compatible with Linksys wireless products only and cannot be used
with Windows XP Zero Configuration. If you want to communicate with non-Linksys wireless products or
Windows XP Zero Configuration, make a note of the WEP key generated in the Key 1 field, and enter it
manually in the wireless client.) After you enter the Passphrase, click the Generate button to create WEP
keys.
Figure 5-17: WEP
• WEP Keys 1-4. WEP keys enable you to create an encryption scheme for wireless network transmissions. If
you are not using a Passphrase, then manually enter a set of values. (Do not leave a key field blank, and do
not enter all zeroes; they are not valid key values.) If you are using 64-bit WEP encryption, the key must be
exactly 10 hexadecimal characters in length. If you are using 128-bit WEP encryption, the key must be exactly
26 hexadecimal characters in length. Valid hexadecimal characters are “0”-“9” and “A”-“F”.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes. For detailed instructions on configuring wireless security for
the Gateway, turn to “Appendix B: Wireless Security.”
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Wireless Access Tab
Wireless Network Access
Wireless Network Access. If you select Allow All, all computers will be allowed access to the wireless network.
To restrict access to the network, select Restrict Access, then select Prevent to prevent access or Permit only
to permit access. Click the Edit MAC Address Access List button, and the screen will appear.
Select the MAC Address from the list and click Wireless Client MAC List.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Figure 5-18: Wireless Network Access
Figure 5-19: MAC Address Access/Filter List
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Advanced Wireless Settings Tab
Advanced Wireless
On this screen you can access the Advanced Wireless features, including Authentication Type, Basic Data Rates,
Control Tx Rates, Beacon Interval, DTIM Interval, RTS Threshold, and Fragmentation Threshold.
• Authentication Type. The default is set to Auto (default), which allows either Open System or Shared Key
authentication to be used. For Open System authentication, the sender and the recipient do not use a WEP
key for authentication but can use WEP for data encryption. If you want to allow on Open System
authentication, then select Open System. For Shared Key authentication, the sender and recipient use a WEP
key for both authentication and data encryption. If you want to use only Shared Key authentication, then
select Shared Key. It is recommended that this option be left in the default (Auto) mode, because some
clients cannot be configured for Shared Key.
Figure 5-20: Advanced Wireless Settings
• Control Tx Rates. The default transmission rate is Auto. The range is from 1 to 54Mbps. The rate of data
transmission should be set depending on the speed of your wireless network. You can select from a range of
transmission speeds, or keep the default setting, Auto, to have the Gateway automatically use the fastest
possible data rate and enable the Auto-Fallback feature. Auto-Fallback will negotiate the best possible
connection speed between the Gateway and a wireless client.
• Beacon Interval. The default value is 100. Enter a value between 1 and 65,535 milliseconds. The Beacon
Interval value indicates the frequency interval of the beacon. A beacon is a packet broadcast by the Gateway
to synchronize the wireless network.
• DTIM Interval. The default value is 3. This value, between 1 and 255, indicates the interval of the Delivery
Traffic Indication Message (DTIM). A DTIM field is a countdown field informing clients of the next window for
listening to broadcast and multicast messages. When the Gateway has buffered broadcast or multicast
messages for associated clients, it sends the next DTIM with a DTIM Interval value. Its clients hear the
beacons and awaken to receive the broadcast and multicast messages.
• Fragmentation Threshold. This value should remain at its default setting of 2346. The range is 256-2346
bytes. It specifies the maximum size for a packet before data is fragmented into multiple packets. If you
experience a high packet error rate, you may slightly increase the Fragmentation Threshold. Setting the
Fragmentation Threshold too low may result in poor network performance. Only minor modifications of this
value are recommended.
• RTS Threshold. This value should remain at its default setting of 2347. The range is 0-2347 bytes. If you
encounter inconsistent data flow, only minor modifications are recommended. If a network packet is smaller
than the preset RTS threshold size, the RTS/CTS mechanism will not be enabled. The Gateway sends Request
to Send (RTS) frames to a particular receiving station and negotiates the sending of a data frame. After
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receiving an RTS, the wireless station responds with a Clear to Send (CTS) frame to acknowledge the right to
begin transmission.
The Security Tab
Firewall
When you click the Security tab, you will see the Firewall screen. This screen contains Filters and the option to
Block WAN Requests. Filters block specific Internet data types and block anonymous Internet requests. To add
Firewall Protection, click Enable. If you do not want Firewall Protection, click Disable.
Additional Filters
• Filter Proxy. Use of WAN proxy servers may compromise the Gateway's security. Denying Filter Proxy will
disable access to any WAN proxy servers. To enable proxy filtering, click Enabled.
Figure 5-21: Firewall
• Filter Cookies. A cookie is data stored on your computer and used by Internet sites when you interact with
them. To enable cookie filtering, click Enabled.
• Filter Java Applets. Java is a programming language for websites. If you deny Java Applets, you run the risk
of not having access to Internet sites created using this programming language. To enable Java Applet
filtering, click Enabled.
• Filter ActiveX. ActiveX is a programming language for websites. If you deny ActiveX, you run the risk of not
having access to Internet sites created using this programming language. To enable ActiveX filtering, click
Enabled.
Block WAN requests
• Block Anonymous Internet Requests. This keeps your network from being “pinged” or detected and
reinforces your network security by hiding your network ports, so it is more difficult for intruders to discover
your network. Select Block Anonymous Internet Requests to block anonymous Internet requests or deselect it to allow anonymous Internet requests.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
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VPN
Virtual Private Networking (VPN) is a security measure that basically creates a secure connection between two
remote locations. The VPN screen allows you to configure your VPN settings to make your network more secure.
VPN Passthrough
• IPSec Passthrough. Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) is a suite of protocols used to implement secure
exchange of packets at the IP layer. To allow IPSec Passthrough, click the Enable button. To disable IPSec
Passthrough, click the Disable button.
• PPTP Passthrough. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol Passthrough is the method used to enable VPN sessions
to a Windows NT 4.0 or 2000 server. To allow PPTP Passthrough, click the Enable button. To disable PPTP
Passthrough, click the Disable button.
• L2TP Passthrough. Layering 2 Tunneling Protocol Passthrough is an extension of the Point-to-Point Tunneling
Protocol (PPTP) used to enable the operation of a VPN over the Internet.To allow L2TP Passthrough, click the
Enable button. To disable L2TP Passthrough, click the Disable button.
IPSec VPN Tunnel
The VPN Gateway creates a tunnel or channel between two endpoints, so that the data or information between
these endpoints is secure.
• To establish this tunnel, select the tunnel you wish to create in the Select Tunnel Entry drop-down box. It is
possible to create up to five simultaneous tunnels. Then click Enabled to enable the IPSec VPN tunnel. Once
the tunnel is enabled, enter the name of the tunnel in the Tunnel Name field. This is to allow you to identify
multiple tunnels and does not have to match the name used at the other end of the tunnel. To delete a tunnel
entry, select the tunnel, then click Delete. To view a summary of the settings, click Summary.
• Local Secure Group and Remote Secure Group. The Local Secure Group is the computer(s) on your LAN that
can access the tunnel. The Remote Secure Group is the computer(s) on the remote end of the tunnel that can
access the tunnel. These computers can be specified by a Subnet, specific IP address, or range.
Figure 5-22: VPN
• Local Security Gateway.
• Remote Security Gateway. The Remote Security Gateway is the VPN device, such as a second VPN Gateway,
on the remote end of the VPN tunnel. Enter the IP Address or Domain of the VPN device at the other end of the
tunnel. The remote VPN device can be another VPN Gateway, a VPN Server, or a computer with VPN client
software that supports IPSec. The IP Address may either be static (permanent) or dynamic (changing),
depending on the settings of the remote VPN device. Make sure that you have entered the IP Address
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Figure 5-23: VPN Settings Summary
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correctly, or the connection cannot be made. Remember, this is NOT the IP Address of the local VPN Gateway,
but the IP Address of the remote VPN Gateway or device with which you wish to communicate. If you enter an
IP address, only the specific IP Address will be able to acess the tunnel. If you select Any, any IP Address can
access the tunnel.
• Encryption. Using Encryption also helps make your connection more secure. There are two different types of
encryption: DES or 3DES (3DES is recommended because it is more secure). You may choose either of these,
but it must be the same type of encryption that is being used by the VPN device at the other end of the tunnel.
Or, you may choose not to encrypt by selecting Disable. In Figure 5-19, DES (which is the default) has been
selected.
• Authentication. Authentication acts as another level of security. There are two types of authentication: MD5
and SHA (SHA is recommended because it is more secure). As with encryption, either of these may be
selected, if the VPN device at the other end of the tunnel is using the same type of authentication. Or, both
ends of the tunnel may choose to Disable authentication. In the Manual Key Management screen, MD5 (the
default) has been selected.
• Key Management. Select Auto (IKE) or Manual from the drop-down menu. The two methods are described
below.
Auto (IKE)
Select Auto (IKE) and enter a series of numbers or letters in the Pre-shared Key field. Based on this word,
which MUST be entered at both ends of the tunnel if this method is used, a key is generated to scramble
(encrypt) the data being transmitted over the tunnel, where it is unscrambled (decrypted). You may use any
combination of up to 24 numbers or letters in this field. No special characters or spaces are allowed. In the
Key Lifetime field, you may select to have the key expire at the end of a time period. Enter the number of
seconds you’d like the key to be useful, or leave it blank for the key to last indefinitely. Check the box next to
PFS (Perfect Forward Secrecy) to ensure that the initial key exchange and IKE proposals are secure.
Manual
Select Manual, then select the Encryption Algorithm from the drop-down menu. Enter the Encryption Key in
the field (if you chose DES for your Encryption Algorithm, enter 16 hexadecimal characters, if you chose 3DES,
enter 48 hexadecimal characters). Select the Authentication Algorithm from the drop-down menu. Enter the
Authentication Key in the field (if you chose MD5 for your Authentication Algorithm, enter 32 hexadecimal
characters, if you chose SHA1, enter 40 hexadecimal characters). Enter the Inbound and Outbound SPIs in the
respective fields.
Figure 5-24: Manual Key Management
• Status. The status of the connection is shown.
Click the Connect button to connect your VPN tunnel. Click View Logs to view system, UPnP, VPN, firewall,
access, or all logs.Click the Advanced Settings button and the Advanced IPSec VPN Tunnel Setup screen will
appear.
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The Security Tab
Figure 5-25: System Log
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When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Advanced VPN Tunnel Setup
From the Advanced IPSec VPN Tunnel Setup screen you can adjust the settings for specific VPN tunnels.
Phase 1
• Phase 1 is used to create a security association (SA), often called the IKE SA. After Phase 1 is completed,
Phase 2 is used to create one or more IPSec SAs, which are then used to key IPSec sessions.
• Operation Mode. There are two modes: Main and Aggressive, and they exchange the same IKE payloads in
different sequences. Main mode is more common; however, some people prefer Aggressive mode because it
is faster. Main mode is for normal usage and includes more authentication requirements than Aggressive
mode. Main mode is recommended because it is more secure. No matter which mode is selected, the VPN
Gateway will accept both Main and Aggressive requests from the remote VPN device.
• Encryption. Select the length of the key used to encrypt/decrypt ESP packets. There are two choices: DES and
3DES. 3DES is recommended because it is more secure.
• Authentication. Select the method used to authenticate ESP packets. There are two choices: MD5 and SHA.
SHA is recommended because it is more secure.
• Group. There are two Diffie-Hellman Groups to choose from: 768-bit and 1024-bit. Diffie-Hellman refers to a
cryptographic technique that uses public and private keys for encryption and decryption.
Figure 5-26: Advanced VPN Tunnel Setup
• Key Life Time. In the Key Lifetime field, you may optionally select to have the key expire at the end of a time
period of your choosing. Enter the number of seconds you’d like the key to be used until a re-key negotiation
between each endpoint is completed.
Phase 2
• Encryption. The encryption method selected in Phase 1 will be displayed.
• Authentication. The authentication method selected in Phase 1 will be displayed.
• PFS. The status of PFS will be displayed.
• Group. There are two Diffie-Hellman Groups to choose from: 768-bit and 1024-bit. Diffie-Hellman refers to a
cryptographic technique that uses public and private keys for encryption and decryption.
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• Key Life Time. In the Key Lifetime field, you may select to have the key expire at the end of a time period of
your choosing. Enter the number of seconds you’d like the key to be used until a re-key negotiation between
each endpoint is completed.
Other Setting
• NetBIOS broadcast. Check the box next to NetBIOS broadcast to enable NetBIOS traffic to pass through the
VPN tunnel.
• Anti-replay. Check the box next to Anti-replay to enable the Anti-replay protection. This feature keeps track of
sequence numbers as packets arrive, ensuring security at the IP packet-level.
• Keep-Alive. If you select this option, the Gateway will periodically check your Internet connection. If you are
disconnected, then the Gateway will automatically re-establish your connection.
• Check this box to block unauthorized IP addresses. Enter in the field to specify how many times IKE must fail
before blocking that unauthorized IP address. Enter the length of time that you specify (in seconds) in the
field.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes. For further help on this tab, click the Help button.
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The Access Restrictions Tab
Internet Access
The Access Restrictions tab allows you to block or allow specific kinds of Internet usage. You can set up Internet
access policies for specific computers and set up filters by using network port numbers.
• Internet Access Policy. Multiple Filters can be saved as Internet Access Policies. When you wish to edit one,
select the number of the Policy from the drop-down menu. The tab will change to reflect the settings of this
Policy. If you wish to delete this Policy, click the Delete button. To see a summary of all Policies, click the
Summary button.
The summaries are listed on this screen with their name and settings. To return to the Filters tab, click the
Close button.
• Enter Policy Name. Policies are created from the fields presented here.
To create an Internet Access policy:
1. Enter a Policy Name in the field provided. Select Internet Access as the Policy Type.
Figure 5-27: Internet Access
2. Click the Edit List of PCs button. This will open the List of PCs screen. From this screen, you can enter the IP
address or MAC address of any computer to which this policy will apply. You can even enter ranges of
computers by IP address. Click the Save Settings button to save your settings, the Cancel Changes button
to undo any changes and return to the Filters tab.
Figure 5-28: Internet Policy Summary
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3. If you wish to Deny or Allow Internet access for those computers you listed on the List of PCs screen, click the
option.
4. You can filter access to various services accessed over the Internet, such as FTP or Telnet, by selecting a
service from the drop-down menus next to Blocked Services. If a service isn’t listed, you can click the Add/
Edit Service button to open the Port Services screen and add a service to the list. You will need to enter a
Service name, as well as the Protocol and Port Range used by the service.
5. By selecting the appropriate setting next to Days and Time, choose when Internet access will be filtered.
Figure 5-29: List of PCs
6. Click the Save Settings button to activate the policy.
Internet Access can also be filtered by URL Address, the address entered to access Internet sites, by entering the
address in one of the Website Blocking by URL Address fields. If you do not know the URL Address, filtering can
be done by Keyword by entering a keyword in one of the Website Blocking by Keyword fields.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Figure 5-30: Port Services
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The Applications and Gaming Tab
Single Port Forwarding
The Single Port Forwarding screen provides options for customization of port services for common applications.
When users send this type of request to your network via the Internet, the Gateway will forward those requests to
the appropriate computer. Any computer whose port is being forwarded should have its DHCP client function
disabled and should have a new static IP address assigned to it because its IP address may change when using
the DHCP function.
Choose or enter the Application in the field. Then, enter the External and Internal Port numbers in the fields.
Select the type of protocol you wish to use for each application: TCP or UDP. Enter the IP Address in the field.
Click Enabled to enable Forwarding for the chosen application.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Port Range Forwarding
The Port Forwarding screen sets up public services on your network, such as web servers, ftp servers, e-mail
servers, or other specialized Internet applications. (Specialized Internet applications are any applications that use
Internet access to perform functions such as videoconferencing or online gaming. Some Internet applications
may not require any forwarding.)
Figure 5-31: Single Port Forwarding
When users send this type of request to your network via the Internet, the Gateway will forward those requests to
the appropriate computer. Any computer whose port is being forwarded should have its DHCP client function
disabled and should have a new static IP address assigned to it because its IP address may change when using
the DHCP function.
• Application. Enter the name you wish to give each application.
• Start and End. Enter the starting and ending numbers of the port you wish to forward.
• TCP UDP. Select the type of protocol you wish to use for each application: TCP, UDP, or Both.
• IP Address. Enter the IP Address and Click Enabled.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Figure 5-32: Port Range Forwarding
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Port Triggering
Port Triggering is used for special applications that can request a port to be opened on demand. For this feature,
the Gateway will watch outgoing data for specific port numbers. The Gateway will remember the IP address of the
computer that sends a transmission requesting data, so that when the requested data returns through the
Gateway, the data is pulled back to the proper computer by way of IP address and port mapping rules.
• Application. Enter the name you wish to give each application.
• Start Port and End Port. Enter the starting and ending Triggered Range numbers and the Incoming Forwarded
Range numbers of the port you wish to forward.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Figure 5-33: Port Triggering
DMZ
The DMZ screen allows one local user to be exposed to the Internet for use of a special-purpose service such as
Internet gaming and videoconferencing through DMZ Hosting. DMZ hosting forwards all the ports for one
computer at the same time, which differs from Port Range Forwarding, which can only forward a maximum of 10
ranges of ports.
• DMZ Hosting. This feature allows one local user to be exposed to the Internet for use of a special-purpose
service such as Internet gaming and videoconferencing. To use this feature, select Enabled. To disable DMZ ,
select Disabled.
• DMZ Host IP Address. To expose one computer, enter the computer’s IP address. To get the IP address of a
computer, refer to “Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter.”
Figure 5-34: DMZ
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
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QOS
Quality of Service (QoS) ensures better service to high-priority types of network traffic, which may involve demanding, realtime applications, such as Internet phone calls or videoconferencing.
Application-based QoS
Application-based QoS manages information as it is transmitted and received. Depending on the settings of the QoS screen,
this feature will assign information a high or low priority for the five preset applications and three additional applications that
you specify.
Enable/Disable. To use application-based QoS, select Enable. Otherwise, keep the default, Disable.
High priority/Medium priority/Low priority. For each application, select High priority (traffic on this queue shares 60% of
the total bandwidth), Medium priority (traffic on this queue shares 18% of the total bandwidth), or Low priority (traffic on
this queue shares 1% of the total bandwidth).
FTP (File Transfer Protocol). A protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IP network (Internet, UNIX, etc.). For example, after
developing the HTML pages for a website on a local machine, they are typically uploaded to the web server using FTP.
HTTP (HyperText Transport Protocol). The communications protocol used to connect to servers on the World Wide Web. Its
primary function is to establish a connection with a web server and transmit HTML pages to the client web browser.
Telnet. A terminal emulation protocol commonly used on Internet and TCP/IP-based networks. It allows a user at a terminal or
computer to log onto a remote device and run a program.
Figure 5-35: QOS
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol). The standard e-mail protocol on the Internet. It is a TCP/IP protocol that defines the
message format and the message transfer agent (MTA), which stores and forwards the mail.
POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3). A standard mail server commonly used on the Internet. It provides a message store that holds
incoming e-mail until users log on and download it. POP3 is a simple system with little selectivity. All pending messages and
attachments are downloaded at the same time. POP3 uses the SMTP messaging protocol.
Specific Port#. You can add three additional applications by entering their respective port numbers in the Specific Port#
fields.
Advanced QoS
This setting allows you to specify traffic queue priority.
Fragment packet’s size of AF and BE traffic to be equal to the size of EF traffic. Select this option to
fragmentize the packet sizes for AF (Assured Forwarding) and BE (Best Effort) queues so that it will increase the
efficiency for transporting EF (expedited forwarding) queues. Enter a range between 68~1492 bytes.
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Enable 802.1p P bits scheduling. VLAN’s VID. Select this option to enable 802.1p P bits classification
scheduling in the appropriate VLAN based on IEEE 802.1Q VLAN identification. Enter the VLAN VID (VLAN
Identifier) number in the field.
When you have finished making changes to this screen, click the Save Settings button to save the changes, or click the
Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
The Administration Tab
Management
The Management screen allows you to change the Gateway’s access settings as well as configure the SNMP
(Simple Network Management Protocol) and UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) features.
Gateway Access
Local Gateway Access. To ensure the Gateway’s security, you will be asked for your password when you access
the Gateway’s Web-based Utility. The default username and password is admin.
• Gateway Username. Enter the default admin. It is recommended that you change the default username to one
of your choice.
• Gateway Password. It is recommended that you change the default password to one of your choice.
• Re-enter to confirm. Re-enter the Gateway’s new Password to confirm it.
• Remote Gateway Access. This feature allows you to access the Gateway from a remote location, via the
Internet.
Figure 5-36: Management
IMPORTANT: Enabling remote Administration allows anyone with access to your
password to configure the Gateway from somewhere else on the Internet.
• Remote Administration. This feature allows you to manage the Gateway from a remote location via the
Internet. To enable Remote Administration, click Enabled.
• Administration Port. Enter the port number you will use to remotely access the Gateway.
SNMP
SNMP is a popular network monitoring and management protocol.
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Identification. To enable SNMP, click Enabled. To disable SNMP, click Disabled.
UPnP
UPnP allows Windows XP to automatically configure the Gateway for various Internet applications, such as
gaming and videoconferencing.
UPnp. To enable UPnP, click Enabled.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Reporting
The Reporting tab provides you with a log of all incoming and outgoing URLs or IP addresses for your Internet
connection. It also provides logs for VPN and firewall events.
• Log. To enable log reporting, click Enabled.
• Logviewer IP Address. Enter the IP Address that will receive logs into the field.
Email Alerts
E-Mail Alerts. To enable E-Mail Alerts, click Enabled.
Figure 5-37: Reporting
• Denial of Service Thresholds. Enter the thresholds of events you want to receive.
• SMTP Mail Server. Enter the IP Address of the SMTP server in the field.
• E-Mail Address for Alert Logs. Enter the e-mail address for alert logs in the field.
• Return E-Mail address. Enter the address for the return e-mail.
To view the logs, click the View Logs button.
When finished making your changes on this tab, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click
the Cancel Changes button to undo your changes.
Figure 5-38: System Log
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Diagnostics
Ping Test
Ping Test Parameters
• Ping Target IP. Enter the IP Address that you want to ping in the field. This can be either a local (LAN) IP or an
Internet (WAN) IP address.
• Ping Size. Enter the size of the ping packets.
• Number of Pings. Enter the number of times that you want to ping.
• Ping Interval. Enter the ping interval in milliseconds.
Figure 5-39: Ping Test
• Ping Timeout. Enter the time in milliseconds.
• Ping Result. The results of the ping test will be shown here.
Click the Start Test button to start the Ping Test.
Backup&Restore
The Backup&Restore tab allows you to back up and restore the Gateway’s configuration file.
To back up the Router’s configuration file, click the Backup button. Then follow the on-screen instructions.
To restore the Router’s configuration file, click the Browse button to locate the file, and follow the on-screen
instructions. After you have selected the file, click the Restore button.
Figure 5-40: Backup&Restore
Factory Defaults
Restore Factory Defaults. If you wish to restore the Gateway to its factory default settings and lose all your
settings, click Yes.
To begin the restore process, click the Save Settings button to save these changes, or click the Cancel Changes
button to undo your changes.
Figure 5-41: Factory Defaults
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Firmware Upgrade
The ADSL Gateway allows you to upgrade firmware for the LAN (network) side of the Gateway.
Upgrade from LAN
To upgrade the Gateway’s firmware from the LAN:
1. Click the Browse button to find the firmware upgrade file that you downloaded from the Linksys website and
then extracted.
2. Double-click the firmware file you downloaded and extracted. Click the Upgrade button, and follow the
instructions there.
Figure 5-42: Firmware Upgrade
Reboot
This tab allows you to do a soft or hard reboot of your Gateway.
Reboot Mode. To reboot your Gateway, select Hard or Soft. Choose hard to power cycle the Gateway or soft to
restart it without a power cycle.
To begin the reboot process, click the Save Settings button. When a screen appears asking you if you really want
to reboot the device. Click OK.
Click the Cancel Changes button if you want to undo your changes.
Chapter 5: Configuring the Gateway
The Administration Tab
Figure 5-43: Reboot ADSL Gateway
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The Status Tab
Gateway
This screen displays information about your Gateway and its WAN (Internet) Connections.
Gateway Information
Gateway Information displays the Software Version, MAC Address, and Current Time.
Internet Connections
The Internet Connections will be displayed after selecting the Internet connection number from the drop-down
menu. They are the Login Type, interface, IP Address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, and DNS 1, 2, and 3 servers.
DHCP Renew. Click the DHCP Renew button to replace your Gateway’s current IP address with a new IP address.
DHCP Release. Click the DHCP Release button to delete your Gateway’s current IP address.
Figure 5-44: Status
Click the Refresh button if you want to Refresh your screen.
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Local Network
The Local Network information that is displayed is the local Mac Address, IP Address, Subnet Mask, and DHCP
Server, Start IP Address, and End IP Address. To view the DHCP Clients Table, click the DHCP Clients Table
button.
DHCP Clients Table. Click the DHCP Clients Table button to show the current DHCP Client data. You will see the
MAC address, computer name, and IP address of the network clients using the DHCP server. (This data is stored
in temporary memory and changes periodically.) To delete a client from the DHCP server, select the client, then
click the Delete button.
Click the Refresh button if you want to Refresh your screen. Click the Close button to close the screen.
Figure 5-45: Local Network
Figure 5-46: DHCP Clients Table
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Wireless
The Wireless network information that is displayed is the Wireless Firmware Version, MAC Address, Mode, SSID,
DHCP Server, Channel, and Encryption Function.
Click the Wireless Clients Connected button to view the wireless clients connected to the Gateway.
Click the Refresh button if you want to Refresh your screen. Click the Close button to close the screen.
Figure 5-47: Wireless
Figure 5-48: Wireless Clients
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DSL Connection
The DSL Connection information that is displayed is the Status, Downstream Rate, and Upstream Rate.
The PVC Connection information that is displayed is Encapsulation, Multiplexing, QoS, Pcr Rate, Scr Rate,
Autodetect, VPI, VCI, and PVC Status.
Click the Refresh button if you want to Refresh your screen.
Figure 5-49: DSL Connection
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Appendix A: Troubleshooting
This appendix consists of two parts: “Common Problems and Solutions” and “Frequently Asked Questions.”
Provided are possible solutions to problems that may occur during the installation and operation of the Gateway.
Read the descriptions below to help you solve your problems. If you can’t find an answer here, check the Linksys
international website at www.linksys.com/international.
Common Problems and Solutions
1. I need to set a static IP address on a computer.
You can assign a static IP address to a computer by performing the following steps:
• For Windows 98 and Me:
1. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Network.
2. In The following network components are installed box, select the TCP/IP-> associated with your
Ethernet adapter. If you only have one Ethernet adapter installed, you will only see one TCP/IP line
with no association to an Ethernet adapter. Highlight it and click the Properties button.
3. In the TCP/IP properties window, select the IP address tab, and select Specify an IP address. Enter a
unique IP address that is not used by any other computer on the network connected to the Gateway.
Make sure that each IP address is unique for each computer or network device.
4. Click the Gateway tab, and in the New Gateway prompt, enter 192.168.1.1, which is the default IP
address of the Gateway. Click the Add button to accept the entry.
5. Click the DNS tab, and make sure the DNS Enabled option is selected. Enter the Host and Domain
names (e.g., John for Host and home for Domain). Enter the DNS entry provided by your ISP. If your
ISP has not provided the DNS IP address, contact your ISP to get that information or go to its website
for the information.
6. Click the OK button in the TCP/IP properties window, and click Close or the OK button for the Network
window.
7. Restart the computer when asked.
• For Windows 2000:
1. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Network and Dial-Up Connections.
2. Right-click the Local Area Connection that is associated with the Ethernet adapter you are using, and
select the Properties option.
3. In the Components checked are used by this connection box, highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and
click the Properties button. Select Use the following IP address option.
4. Enter a unique IP address that is not used by any other computer on the network connected to the
Gateway.
5. Enter the Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0.
6. Enter the Default Gateway, 192.168.1.1 (Gateway’s default IP address).
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7. Toward the bottom of the window, select Use the following DNS server addresses, and enter the
Preferred DNS server and Alternative DNS server (provided by your ISP). Contact your ISP or go on its
website to find the information.
8. Click the OK button in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window, and click the OK button in the
Local Area Connection Properties window.
9. Restart the computer if asked.
• For Windows XP:
The following instructions assume you are running Windows XP with the default interface. If you are using
the Classic interface (where the icons and menus look like previous Windows versions), please follow the
instructions for Windows 2000.
1. Click Start and Control Panel.
2. Click the Network and Internet Connections icon and then the Network Connections icon.
3. Right-click the Local Area Connection that is associated with the Ethernet adapter you are using,
and select the Properties option.
4. In the This connection uses the following items box, highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Click
the Properties button.
5. Enter a unique IP address that is not used by any other computer on the network connected to the
Gateway.
6. Enter the Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0.
7. Enter the Default Gateway, 192.168.1.1 (Gateway’s default IP address).
8. Toward the bottom of the window, select Use the following DNS server addresses, and enter the
Preferred DNS server and Alternative DNS server (provided by your ISP). Contact your ISP or go on its
website to find the information.
9. Click the OK button in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window. Click the OK button in the
Local Area Connection Properties window.
2. I want to test my Internet connection.
A. Check your TCP/IP settings.
For Windows 98, Me, 2000, and XP:
• Refer to Windows Help for details. Make sure Obtain IP address automatically is selected in the settings.
For Windows NT 4.0:
• Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click the Network icon.
• Click the Protocol tab, and double-click on TCP/IP Protocol.
• When the window appears, make sure you have selected the correct Adapter for your Ethernet adapter
and set it for Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server.
• Click the OK button in the TCP/IP Protocol Properties window, and click the Close button in the Network
window.
• Restart the computer if asked.
B. Open a command prompt.
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For Windows 98 and Me:
• Click Start and Run. In the Open field, type in command. Press the Enter key or click the OK button.
For Windows NT, 2000, and XP:
• Click Start and Run. In the Open field, type cmd. Press the Enter key or click the OK button. In the
command prompt, type ping 192.168.1.1 and press the Enter key.
• If you get a reply, the computer is communicating with the Gateway.
• If you do NOT get a reply, please check the cable, and make sure Obtain an IP address automatically is
selected in the TCP/IP settings for your Ethernet adapter.
C. In the command prompt, type ping followed by your Internet or WAN IP address and press the Enter key.
The Internet or WAN IP Address can be found on the Status screen of the Gateway’s web-based utility. For
example, if your Internet or WAN IP address is 1.2.3.4, you would enter ping 1.2.3.4 and press the Enter
key.
• If you get a reply, the computer is connected to the Gateway.
• If you do NOT get a reply, try the ping command from a different computer to verify that your original
computer is not the cause of the problem.
D. In the command prompt, type ping www.yahoo.com and press the Enter key.
• If you get a reply, the computer is connected to the Internet. If you cannot open a webpage, try the ping
command from a different computer to verify that your original computer is not the cause of the problem.
• If you do NOT get a reply, there may be a problem with the connection. Try the ping command from a
different computer to verify that your original computer is not the cause of the problem.
3. I am not getting an IP address on the Internet with my Internet connection.
• Refer to “Problem #2, I want to test my Internet connection” to verify that you have connectivity.
1. Make sure you are using the right Internet connection settings. Contact your ISP to see if your Internet
connection type is RFC 1483 Bridged, RFC 1483 Routed, RFC 2516 PPPoE, or RFC 2364 PPPoA. Please
refer to the Setup section of “Chapter 5: Configuring the Gateway” for details on Internet connection
settings.
2. Make sure you have the right cable. Check to see if the Gateway column has a solidly lit ADSL LED.
3. Make sure the cable connecting from your Gateway’s ADSL port is connected to the wall jack of the
ADSL service line. Verify that the Status page of the Gateway’s web-based utility shows a valid IP
address from your ISP.
4. Turn off the computer and Gateway. Wait 30 seconds, and then turn on the Gateway, and computer.
Check the Status tab of the Gateway’s web-based utility to see if you get an IP address.
4. I am not able to access the Setup page of the Gateway’s web-based utility.
• Refer to “Problem #2, I want to test my Internet connection” to verify that your computer is properly
connected to the Gateway.
1. Refer to “Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP address for Your Ethernet Adapter” to verify
that your computer has an IP Address, Subnet Mask, Gateway, and DNS.
2. Set a static IP address on your system; refer to “Problem #1: I need to set a static IP address.”
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3. Refer to “Problem #10: I need to remove the proxy settings or the dial-up pop-up window (for PPPoE
users).”
5. I can’t get my Virtual Private Network (VPN) working through the Gateway.
Access the Gateway’s web interface by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the Gateway, and go
to the Security tab. Make sure you have IPsec passthrough and/or PPTP pass-through enabled.
• VPNs that use IPSec with the ESP (Encapsulation Security Payload known as protocol 50) authentication
will work fine. At least one IPSec session will work through the Gateway; however, simultaneous IPSec
sessions may be possible, depending on the specifics of your VPNs.
• VPNs that use IPSec and AH (Authentication Header known as protocol 51) are incompatible with the
Gateway. AH has limitations due to occasional incompatibility with the NAT standard.
• Change the IP address for the Gateway to another subnet to avoid a conflict between the VPN IP address
and your local IP address. For example, if your VPN server assigns an IP address 192.168.1.X (X is a
number from 1 to 254) and your local LAN IP address is 192.168.1.X (X is the same number used in the
VPN IP address), the Gateway will have difficulties routing information to the right location. If you change
the Gateway’s IP address to 192.168.2.1, that should solve the problem. Change the Gateway’s IP address
through the Setup tab of the web interface.
• If you assigned a static IP address to any computer or network device on the network, you need to change
its IP address accordingly to 192.168.2.Y (Y being any number from 1 to 254). Note that each IP address
must be unique within the network.
• Your VPN may require port 500/UDP packets to be passed to the computer that is connecting to the IPSec
server. Refer to “Problem #7, I need to set up online game hosting or use other Internet applications” for
details.
• Check the Linksys international website for more information at www.linksys.com/international.
6. I need to set up a server behind my Gateway and make it available to the public.
To use a server like a web, ftp, or mail server, you need to know the respective port numbers they are using.
For example, port 80 (HTTP) is used for web; port 21 (FTP) is used for FTP, and port 25 (SMTP outgoing) and
port 110 (POP3 incoming) are used for the mail server. You can get more information by viewing the
documentation provided with the server you installed.
• Follow these steps to set up port forwarding through the Gateway’s web-based utility. We will be setting
up web, ftp, and mail servers.
1. Access the Gateway’s web-based utility by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the
Gateway. Go to the Applications and Gaming => Port Range Forwarding tab.
2. Enter any name you want to use for the Customized Application.
3. Enter the External Port range of the service you are using. For example, if you have a web server, you
would enter the range 80 to 80.
4. Check the protocol you will be using, TCP and/or UDP.
5. Enter the IP address of the computer or network device that you want the port server to go to. For
example, if the web server’s Ethernet adapter IP address is 192.168.1.100, you would enter 100 in the
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
field provided. Check “Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet
Adapter” for details on getting an IP address.
6. Check the Enable option for the port services you want to use. Consider the example below:
Customized Application
Web server
FTP server
SMTP (outgoing)
POP3 (incoming)
External Port
80 to 80
21 to 21
25 to 25
110 to 110
TCP
X
X
X
X
UDP
IP Address
192.168.1.100
192.168.1.101
192.168.1.102
192.168.1.102
Enable
X
X
X
X
When you have completed the configuration, click the Save Settings button.
7. I need to set up online game hosting or use other Internet applications.
If you want to play online games or use Internet applications, most will work without doing any port
forwarding or DMZ hosting. There may be cases when you want to host an online game or Internet
application. This would require you to set up the Gateway to deliver incoming packets or data to a specific
computer. This also applies to the Internet applications you are using. The best way to get the information on
what port services to use is to go to the website of the online game or application you want to use. Follow
these steps to set up online game hosting or use a certain Internet application:
1. Access the Gateway’s web interface by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the Gateway.
Go to the Applications and Gaming => Port Range Forwarding tab.
2. Enter any name you want to use for the Customized Application.
3. Enter the External Port range of the service you are using. For example, if you want to host Unreal
Tournament (UT), you would enter the range 7777 to 27900.
4. Check the protocol you will be using, TCP and/or UDP.
5. Enter the IP address of the computer or network device that you want the port server to go to. For
example, if the web server’s Ethernet adapter IP address is 192.168.1.100, you would enter 100 in the
field provided. Check “Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet
Adapter” for details on getting an IP address.
6. Check the Enable option for the port services you want to use. Consider the example below:
Customized Application
UT
Halflife
PC Anywhere
VPN IPSEC
External Port
7777 to 27900
27015 to 27015
5631 to 5631
500 to 500
TCP
X
X
UDP
X
X
X
X
IP Address
192.168.1.100
192.168.1.105
192.168.1.102
192.168.1.100
Enable
X
X
X
X
When you have completed the configuration, click the Save Settings button.
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8. I can’t get the Internet game, server, or application to work.
If you are having difficulties getting any Internet game, server, or application to function properly, consider
exposing one computer to the Internet using DeMilitarized Zone (DMZ) hosting. This option is available when
an application requires too many ports or when you are not sure which port services to use. Make sure you
disable all the forwarding entries if you want to successfully use DMZ hosting, since forwarding has priority
over DMZ hosting. (In other words, data that enters the Gateway will be checked first by the forwarding
settings. If the port number that the data enters from does not have port forwarding, then the Gateway will
send the data to whichever computer or network device you set for DMZ hosting.)
• Follow these steps to set DMZ hosting:
1. Access the Gateway’s web-based utility by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the
Gateway. Go to the Applications and Gaming => DMZ tab. Click Enabled and enter the IP of the
computer.
2. Check the Port Forwarding pages and disable or remove the entries you have entered for forwarding.
Keep this information in case you want to use it at a later time.
• Once completed with the configuration, click the Save Settings button.
9. I forgot my password, or the password prompt always appears when I am saving settings to the
Gateway.
• Reset the Gateway to factory default by pressing the Reset button for 10 seconds and then releasing it. If
you are still getting prompted for a password when saving settings, then perform the following steps:
1. Access the Gateway’s web-based utility by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the
Gateway. Enter the default username and password admin, and click the Administrations =>
Management tab.
2. Enter a different password in the Gateway Password field, and enter the same password in the
second field to confirm the password.
3. Click the Save Settings button.
10. I am a PPPoE user, and I need to remove the proxy settings or the dial-up pop-up window.
If you have proxy settings, you need to disable these on your computer. Because the Gateway is the gateway
for the Internet connection, the computer does not need any proxy settings to gain access. Please follow
these directions to verify that you do not have any proxy settings and that the browser you use is set to
connect directly to the LAN.
• For Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 or higher:
1. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Internet Options.
2. Click the Connections tab.
3. Click the LAN settings button and remove anything that is checked.
4. Click the OK button to go back to the previous screen.
5. Click the option Never dial a connection. This will remove any dial-up pop-ups for PPPoE users.
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• For Netscape 4.7 or higher:
1. Start Netscape Navigator, and click Edit, Preferences, Advanced, and Proxies.
2. Make sure you have Direct connection to the Internet selected on this screen.
3. Close all the windows to finish.
11. To start over, I need to set the Gateway to factory default.
Hold the Reset button for 10 seconds and then release it. This will return the Internet settings, password,
forwarding, and other settings on the Gateway to the factory default settings. In other words, the Gateway will
revert to its original factory configuration.
12. I need to upgrade the firmware.
In order to upgrade the firmware with the latest features, you need to go to the Linksys international website
and download the latest firmware at www.linksys.com/international.
• Follow these steps:
1. Go to the Linksys international website at http://www.linksys.com/international and select your
region or country.
2. Click the Products tab and select the Gateway.
3. On the Gateway’s webpage, click Firmware, and then download the latest firmware for the Gateway.
4. To upgrade the firmware, follow the steps in the Administration section found in “Chapter 5:
Configuring the Gateway.”
13. The firmware upgrade failed, and/or the Power LED is flashing.
The upgrade could have failed for a number of reasons. Follow these steps to upgrade the firmware and/or
make the Power LED stop flashing:
• If the firmware upgrade failed, use the TFTP program (it was downloaded along with the firmware). Open
the pdf that was downloaded along with the firmware and TFTP program, and follow the pdf’s
instructions.
• Set a static IP address on the computer; refer to “Problem #1, I need to set a static IP address.” Use the
following IP address settings for the computer you are using:
IP Address: 192.168.1.50
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.1.1
• Perform the upgrade using the TFTP program or the Gateway’s web-based utility through its
Administration tab.
14. My DSL service’s PPPoE is always disconnecting.
PPPoE is not actually a dedicated or always-on connection. The DSL ISP can disconnect the service after a
period of inactivity, just like a normal phone dial-up connection to the Internet.
• There is a setup option to “keep alive” the connection. This may not always work, so you may need to reestablish connection periodically.
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1. To connect to the Gateway, go to the web browser, and enter http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of
the Gateway.
2. Enter the username and password, if asked. (The default username and password is admin.)
3. On the Setup screen, select the option Keep Alive, and set the Redial Period option at 20 (seconds).
4. Click the Save Settings button. Click the Status tab, and click the Connect button.
5. You may see the login status display as Connecting. Press the F5 key to refresh the screen, until you
see the login status display as Connected.
6. Click the Save Settings button to continue.
• If the connection is lost again, follow steps 1- 6 to re-establish connection.
15. I can’t access my e-mail, web, or VPN, or I am getting corrupted data from the Internet.
The Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) setting may need to be adjusted. By default, the MTU is set
automatically.
• If you are having some difficulties, perform the following steps:
1. To connect to the Gateway, go to the web browser, and enter http://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of
the Gateway.
2. Enter the username and password, if asked. (The default username and password is admin.)
3. Look for the MTU option, and select Manual. In the Size field, enter 1492.
4. Click the Save Settings button to continue.
• If your difficulties continue, change the Size to different values. Try this list of values, one value at a time,
in this order, until your problem is solved:
1462
1400
1362
1300
16. The Power LED flashes continuously.
The Power LED lights up when the device is first powered up. In the meantime, the system will boot up itself
and check for proper operation. After finishing the checking procedure, the LED remains steady to show that
the system is working fine. If the LED continues to flash after this time, the device is not working properly. Try
to flash the firmware by assigning a static IP address to the computer, and then upgrade the firmware. Try
using the following settings, IP Address: 192.168.1.50 and Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0.
17. When I enter a URL or IP address, I get a time-out error or am prompted to retry.
• Check if other computers work. If they do, ensure that your computer’s IP settings are correct (IP Address,
Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, and DNS). Restart the computer that is having a problem.
• If the computers are configured correctly, but still not working, check the Gateway. Ensure that it is
connected and powered on. Connect to it and check its settings. (If you cannot connect to it, check the
LAN and power connections.)
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• If the Gateway is configured correctly, check your Internet connection (DSL/cable modem, etc.) to see if it
is working correctly. You can remove the Gateway to verify a direct connection.
• Manually configure the TCP/IP settings with a DNS address provided by your ISP.
• Make sure that your browser is set to connect directly and that any dial-up is disabled. For Internet
Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options, and then the Connection tab. Make sure that Internet Explorer is
set to Never dial a connection. For Netscape Navigator, click Edit, Preferences, Advanced, and Proxy.
Make sure that Netscape Navigator is set to Direct connection to the Internet.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the maximum number of IP addresses that the Gateway will support?
The Gateway will support up to 253 IP addresses.
Is IPSec Passthrough supported by the Gateway?
Yes, it is a built-in feature that is enabled by default.
Where is the Gateway installed on the network?
In a typical environment, the Gateway is installed between the ADSL wall jack and the LAN.
Does the Gateway support IPX or AppleTalk?
No. TCP/IP is the only protocol standard for the Internet and has become the global standard for communications.
IPX, a NetWare communications protocol used only to route messages from one node to another, and AppleTalk,
a communications protocol used on Apple and Macintosh networks, can be used for LAN to LAN connections, but
those protocols cannot connect from the Internet to a LAN.
Does the LAN connection of the Gateway support 100Mbps Ethernet?
The Gateway supports 100Mbps over the auto-sensing Fast Ethernet 10/100 switch on the LAN side of the
Gateway.
What is Network Address Translation and what is it used for?
Network Address Translation (NAT) translates multiple IP addresses on the private LAN to one public address that
is sent out to the Internet. This adds a level of security since the address of a computer connected to the private
LAN is never transmitted on the Internet. Furthermore, NAT allows the Gateway to be used with low cost Internet
accounts when only one TCP/IP address is provided by the ISP. The user may have many private addresses
behind this single address provided by the ISP.
Does the Gateway support any operating system other than Windows 98SE, Windows Millennium,
Windows 2000, or Windows XP?
Yes, but Linksys does not, at this time, provide technical support for setup, configuration or troubleshooting of
any non-Windows operating systems.
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
Does the Gateway support ICQ send file?
Yes, with the following fix: click ICQ menu -> preference -> connections tab->, and check I am behind a firewall
or proxy. Then set the firewall time-out to 80 seconds in the firewall setting. The Internet user can then send a file
to a user behind the Gateway.
I set up an Unreal Tournament Server, but others on the LAN cannot join. What do I need to do?
If you have a dedicated Unreal Tournament server running, you need to create a static IP for each of the LAN
computers and forward ports 7777, 7778, 7779, 7780, 7781, and 27900 to the IP address of the server. You can
also use a port forwarding range of 7777 ~ 27900. If you want to use the UT Server Admin, forward another port.
(Port 8080 usually works well but is used for remote admin. You may have to disable this.) Then in the
[UWeb.WebServer] section of the server.ini file, set the ListenPort to 8080 (to match the mapped port above) and
ServerName to the IP assigned to the Gateway from your ISP.
Can multiple gamers on the LAN get on one game server and play simultaneously with just one public IP
address?
It depends on which network game or what kind of game server you are using. For example, Unreal Tournament
supports multi-login with one public IP.
How do I get Half-Life: Team Fortress to work with the Gateway?
The default client port for Half-Life is 27005. The computers on your LAN need to have “+clientport 2700x”
added to the HL shortcut command line; the x would be 6, 7, 8, and on up. This lets multiple computers connect
to the same server. One problem: Version 1.0.1.6 won’t let multiple computers with the same CD key connect at
the same time, even if on the same LAN (not a problem with 1.0.1.3). As far as hosting games, the HL server does
not need to be in the DMZ. Just forward port 27015 to the local IP address of the server computer.
The web page hangs; downloads are corrupt, or nothing but junk characters are being displayed on the
screen. What do I need to do?
Force your Ethernet adapter to 10Mbps or half duplex mode, and turn off the “Auto-negotiate” feature of your
Ethernet adapter as a temporary measure. (Please look at the Network Control Panel in your Ethernet adapter’s
Advanced Properties tab.) Make sure that your proxy setting is disabled in the browser. Check our website at
www.linksys.com/international for more information.
If all else fails in the installation, what can I do?
Reset the Gateway by holding down the reset button until the Power LED fully turns on and off. Reset your DSL
modem by powering the unit off and then on. Obtain and flash the latest firmware release that is readily available
on the Linksys international website, www.linksys.com/international.
How will I be notified of new Gateway firmware upgrades?
All Linksys firmware upgrades are posted on the Linksys international website at www.linksys.com/international,
where they can be downloaded for free. To upgrade the Gateway’s firmware, use the Administration tab of the
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Gateway’s web-based utility. If the Gateway’s Internet connection is working well, there is no need to download a
newer firmware version, unless that version contains new features that you would like to use.
Will the Gateway function in a Macintosh environment?
Yes, but the Gateway’s setup pages are accessible only through Internet Explorer 4.0 or Netscape Navigator 4.0
or higher for Macintosh.
I am not able to get the web configuration screen for the Gateway. What can I do?
You may have to remove the proxy settings on your Internet browser, e.g., Netscape Navigator or Internet
Explorer. Check with your browser documentation, and make sure that your browser is set to connect directly
and that any dial-up is disabled. For Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options, and then the Connection tab.
Make sure that Internet Explorer is set to Never dial a connection. For Netscape Navigator, click Edit,
Preferences, Advanced, and Proxy. Make sure that Netscape Navigator is set to Direct connection to the Internet.
What is DMZ Hosting?
Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) allows one IP address (computer) to be exposed to the Internet. Some applications
require multiple TCP/IP ports to be open. It is recommended that you set your computer with a static IP if you
want to use DMZ Hosting. To get the LAN IP address, see “Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address
for Your Ethernet Adapter.”
If DMZ Hosting is used, does the exposed user share the public IP with the Gateway?
No.
Does the Gateway pass PPTP packets or actively route PPTP sessions?
The Gateway allows PPTP packets to pass through.
Is the Gateway cross-platform compatible?
Any platform that supports Ethernet and TCP/IP is compatible with the Gateway.
How many ports can be simultaneously forwarded?
Theoretically, the Gateway can establish 520 sessions at the same time, but you can only forward 10 ranges of
ports.
What are the advanced features of the Gateway?
The Gateway’s advanced features include Advanced Wireless settings, Filters, Port Forwarding, Routing, and
DDNS.
What is the maximum number of VPN sessions allowed by the Gateway?
The maximum number depends on many factors. At least one IPSec session will work through the Gateway;
however, simultaneous IPSec sessions may be possible, depending on the specifics of your VPNs.
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Frequently Asked Questions
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
How can I check whether I have static or DHCP IP Addresses?
Consult your ISP to obtain this information.
How do I get mIRC to work with the Gateway?
Under the Port Forwarding tab, set port forwarding to 113 for the computer on which you are using mIRC.
Can the Gateway act as my DHCP server?
Yes. The Gateway has DHCP server software built-in.
Can I run an application from a remote computer over the wireless network?
This will depend on whether or not the application is designed to be used over a network. Consult the
application’s documentation to determine if it supports operation over a network.
What is the IEEE 802.11g standard?
It is one of the IEEE standards for wireless networks. The 802.11g standard allows wireless networking hardware
from different manufacturers to communicate, provided that the hardware complies with the 802.11g standard.
The 802.11g standard states a maximum data transfer rate of 54Mbps and an operating frequency of 2.4GHz.
What IEEE 802.11b and 802.11g features are supported?
The product supports the following IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g functions:
• CSMA/CA plus Acknowledge protocol
• Multi-Channel Roaming
• Automatic Rate Selection
• RTS/CTS feature
• Fragmentation
• Power Management
What is ad-hoc mode?
When a wireless network is set to ad-hoc mode, the wireless-equipped computers are configured to
communicate directly with each other, peer-to-peer without the use of an access point.
What is infrastructure mode?
When a wireless network is set to infrastructure mode, the wireless network is configured to communicate with
a network through a wireless access point.
What is roaming?
Roaming is the ability of a portable computer user to communicate continuously while moving freely throughout
an area greater than that covered by a single access point. Before using the roaming function, the computer must
make sure that it is the same channel number with the access point of dedicated coverage area.
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
To achieve true seamless connectivity, the wireless LAN must incorporate a number of different functions. Each
node and access point, for example, must always acknowledge receipt of each message. Each node must
maintain contact with the wireless network even when not actually transmitting data. Achieving these functions
simultaneously requires a dynamic RF networking technology that links access points and nodes. In such a
system, the user’s end node undertakes a search for the best possible access to the system. First, it evaluates
such factors as signal strength and quality, as well as the message load currently being carried by each access
point and the distance of each access point to the wired backbone. Based on that information, the node next
selects the right access point and registers its address. Communications between end node and host computer
can then be transmitted up and down the backbone.
As the user moves on, the end node’s RF transmitter regularly checks the system to determine whether it is in
touch with the original access point or whether it should seek a new one. When a node no longer receives
acknowledgment from its original access point, it undertakes a new search. Upon finding a new access point, it
then re-registers, and the communication process continues.
What is the ISM band?
The FCC and their counterparts outside of the U.S. have set aside bandwidth for unlicensed use in the ISM
(Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band. Spectrum in the vicinity of 2.4 GHz, in particular, is being made available
worldwide. This presents a truly revolutionary opportunity to place convenient high-speed wireless capabilities in
the hands of users around the globe.
What is Spread Spectrum?
Spread Spectrum technology is a wideband radio frequency technique developed by the military for use in
reliable, secure, mission-critical communications systems. It is designed to trade off bandwidth efficiency for
reliability, integrity, and security. In other words, more bandwidth is consumed than in the case of narrowband
transmission, but the trade-off produces a signal that is, in effect, louder and thus easier to detect, provided that
the receiver knows the parameters of the spread-spectrum signal being broadcast. If a receiver is not tuned to
the right frequency, a spread-spectrum signal looks like background noise. There are two main alternatives,
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS).
What is DSSS? What is FHSS? And what are their differences?
Frequency-Hopping Spread-Spectrum (FHSS) uses a narrowband carrier that changes frequency in a pattern that
is known to both transmitter and receiver. Properly synchronized, the net effect is to maintain a single logical
channel. To an unintended receiver, FHSS appears to be short-duration impulse noise. Direct-Sequence SpreadSpectrum (DSSS) generates a redundant bit pattern for each bit to be transmitted. This bit pattern is called a chip
(or chipping code). The longer the chip, the greater the probability that the original data can be recovered. Even if
one or more bits in the chip are damaged during transmission, statistical techniques embedded in the radio can
recover the original data without the need for retransmission. To an unintended receiver, DSSS appears as low
power wideband noise and is rejected (ignored) by most narrowband receivers.
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
Will the information be intercepted while it is being transmitted through the air?
WLAN features two-fold protection in security. On the hardware side, as with Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
technology, it has the inherent security feature of scrambling. On the software side, WLAN offers the encryption
function (WEP) to enhance security and access control.
What is WEP?
WEP is Wired Equivalent Privacy, a data privacy mechanism based on a 64-bit or 128-bit shared key algorithm, as
described in the IEEE 802.11 standard.
What is a MAC Address?
The Media Access Control (MAC) address is a unique number assigned by the manufacturer to any Ethernet
networking device, such as a network adapter, that allows the network to identify it at the hardware level. For all
practical purposes, this number is usually permanent. Unlike IP addresses, which can change every time a
computer logs onto the network, the MAC address of a device stays the same, making it a valuable identifier for
the network.
How do I reset the Gateway?
Press the Reset button on the back panel for about ten seconds. This will reset the Gateway to its default
settings.
How do I resolve issues with signal loss?
There is no way to know the exact range of your wireless network without testing. Every obstacle placed
between the Gateway and a wireless computer will create signal loss. Lead glass, metal, concrete floors, water
and walls will inhibit the signal and reduce range. Start with the Gateway and your wireless computer in the
same room and move it away in small increments to determine the maximum range in your environment.
You may also try using different channels, as this may eliminate interference affecting only one channel.
I have excellent signal strength, but I cannot see my network.
WEP is probably enabled on the Gateway, but not on your wireless adapter (or vice versa). Verify that the same
WEP keys and levels (64 or 128) are being used on all nodes of your wireless network.
How many channels/frequencies are available with the Gateway?
There are eleven available channels, ranging from 1 to 11 (in North America).
If your questions are not addressed here, refer to the Linksys international website,
www.linksys.com/international.
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Appendix B: Wireless Security
Important Information for Wireless Products
Linksys wants to make wireless networking as safe and easy for you as possible. So, please keep the following
points in mind whenever setting up or using your wireless network.
1. Performance.
The actual performance of your wireless network depends on a number of factors, including:
In an Infrastructure environment, your distance from the access point. As you get farther away, the transmission
speed will decrease.
Structural interference. The shape of your building or structure, the type of construction, and the building
materials used may have an adverse impact on signal quality and speed.
The placement and orientation of the wireless devices.
2. Interference.
Any device operating in the 2.4 GHz spectrum may cause network interference with a 802.11b wireless device.
Some devices that may prove troublesome include 2.4 GHz cordless phones, microwave ovens, adjacent public
hotspots, and neighboring 802.11b wireless LANs.
3. Security.
The current generation of Linksys products provide several network security features, but they require specific
action on your part for implementation.
While the following is a complete list, steps A through E should, at least, be followed:
A. Change the default SSID.
B. Disable SSID Broadcasts.
C. Change the default password for the Administrator account.
D. Enable MAC Address Filtering.
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Important Information for Wireless Products
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
E. Change the SSID periodically.
F. Enable WEP 128-bit Encryption. Please note that this will reduce your network performance.
G. Change the WEP encryption keys periodically.
For information on implementing these security features, please refer to the User Guide.
4. Security Threats Facing Wireless Networks
Wireless networks are easy to find. Hackers know that in order to join a wireless network, wireless networking
products first listen for “beacon messages”. These messages are decrypted and contain much of the network’s
information, such as the network’s SSID (Service Set Identifier) and the IP Address of the network PC or access
point. Here are the steps you can take:
Change the administrator’s password regularly. With every wireless networking device you use, keep in
mind that network settings (SSID, WEP keys, etc.) are stored in its firmware. Your network administrator is the
only person who can change network settings. If a hacker gets a hold of the administrator’s password, he, too,
can change those settings. So, make it harder for a hacker to get that information. Change the administrator’s
password regularly.
SSID. There are several things to keep in mind about the SSID:
A. Disable Broadcast
B. Make it unique
C. Change it often
Most wireless networking devices will give you the option of broadcasting the SSID. While this option may be
more convenient, it allows anyone to log into your wireless network. This includes hackers. So, don’t broadcast
the SSID.
Wireless networking products come with a default SSID set by the factory. (The Linksys default SSID is “linksys”.)
Hackers know these defaults and can check these against your network. Change your SSID to something unique
and not something related to your company or the networking products you use.
Change your SSID regularly so that any hackers who have gained access to your wireless network will have start
from the beginning in trying to break in.
Appendix B:
Important Information for Wireless Products
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
MAC Addresses. Enable MAC Address filtering. MAC Address filtering will allow you to provide access to only
those wireless nodes with certain MAC Addresses. This makes it harder for a hacker to access your network with
a random MAC Address.
WEP Encryption. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is often looked upon as a panacea for wireless security
concerns. This is overstating WEP’s ability. Again, this can only provide enough security to make a hacker’s job
more difficult.
There are several ways that WEP can be maximized:
A. Use the highest level of encryption possible
B. Use a “Shared” Key
C. Use multiple WEP keys
D. Change your WEP key regularly
Implementing encryption will have a negative impact on your network’s performance. If you are transmitting
sensitive data over your network, encryption should be used.
These security recommendations should help keep your mind at ease while you are enjoying the most flexible
and convenient technology Linksys has to offer.
Appendix B:
Important Information for Wireless Products
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Appendix C: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000
or XP Computer and the Gateway
Introduction
This document demonstrates how to establish a secure IPSec tunnel using preshared keys to join a private
network inside the Gateway and a Windows 2000 or XP computer. You can find detailed information on
configuring the Windows 2000 server at the Microsoft website:
Microsoft KB Q252735 - How to Configure IPSec Tunneling in Windows 2000
http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q252/7/35.asp
NOTE: Keep a record of any changes you make.
Those changes will be identical in the Windows
“secpol” application and the Router’s Web-Based
Utility.
Microsoft KB Q257225 - Basic IPSec Troubleshooting in Windows 2000
http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q257/2/25.asp
Environment
The IP addresses and other specifics mentioned in this appendix are for illustration purposes only.
Windows 2000 or Windows XP
IP Address: 140.111.1.2 <= User ISP provides IP Address; this is only an example.
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
NOTE: This section’s instructions and figures
refer to the Router. Substitute “Gateway” for
“Router”. Also, the text on your screen may differ
from the text in your instructions for “OK or
Close”; click the appropriate button on your
screen.
WAG54G
WAN IP Address: 140.111.1.1 <= User ISP provides IP Address; this is only an example.
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
LAN IP Address: 192.168.1.1
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Appendix C: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
Introduction
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
How to Establish a Secure IPSec Tunnel
Step 1: Create an IPSec Policy
1. Click the Start button, select Run, and type secpol.msc in the Open field. The Local Security Setting screen
will appear as shown in Figure C-1.
Figure C-1: Local Security Screen
2. Right-click IP Security Policies on Local Computer (Win XP) or IP Security Policies on Local Machine
(Win 2000), and click Create IP Security Policy.
3. Click the Next button, and then enter a name for your policy (for example, to_Router). Then, click Next.
4. Deselect the Activate the default response rule check box, and then click the Next button.
5. Click the Finish button, making sure the Edit check box is checked.
NOTE: The references in this section to “win” are
references to Windows 2000 and XP. Substitute
the references to “Router” with “Gateway”. Also,
the text on your screen may differ from the text in
your instructions for “OK or Close”; click the
appropriate button on your screen.
Step 2: Build Filter Lists
Filter List 1: win->Router
1. In the new policy’s properties screen, verify that the Rules tab is selected, as shown in Figure C-2. Deselect
the Use Add Wizard check box, and click the Add button to create a new rule.
2. Make sure the IP Filter List tab is selected, and click the Add button. (See Figure C-3.)The IP Filter List
screen should appear, as shown in Figure C-4. Enter an appropriate name, such as win->Router, for the filter
list, and de-select the Use Add Wizard check box. Then, click the Add button.
Figure C-2: Rules Tab
Figure C-3: IP Filter List Tab
Appendix C: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
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3. The Filters Properties screen will appear, as shown in Figure C-5. Select the Addressing tab. In the Source
address field, select My IP Address. In the Destination address field, select A specific IP Subnet, and fill in
the IP Address: 192.168.1.0 and Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0. (These are the Router’s default settings. If you
have changed these settings, enter your new values.)
4. If you want to enter a description for your filter, click the Description tab and enter the description there.
Figure C-4: IP Filter LIst
5. Click the OK button. Then, click the OK or Close button on the IP Filter List window.
Filter List 2: Router ->win
6. The New Rule Properties screen will appear, as shown in Figure C-6. Select the IP Filter List tab, and make
sure that win -> Router is highlighted. Then, click the Add button.
Figure C-5: Filters Properties
Figure C-6: New Rule Properties
Appendix C: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
How to Establish a Secure IPSec Tunnel
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
7. The IP Filter List screen should appear, as shown in Figure C-7. Enter an appropriate name, such as Router>win for the filter list, and de-select the Use Add Wizard check box. Click the Add button.
8. The Filters Properties screen will appear, as shown in Figure C-8. Select the Addressing tab. In the Source
address field, select A specific IP Subnet, and enter the IP Address: 192.168.1.0 and Subnet mask:
255.255.255.0. (Enter your new values if you have changed the default settings.) In the Destination address
field, select My IP Address.
Figure C-7: IP Filter List
9. If you want to enter a description for your filter, click the Description tab and enter the description there.
10. Click the OK or Close button and the New Rule Properties screen should appear with the IP Filer List tab
selected, as shown in Figure C-9. There should now be a listing for “Router -> win” and “win -> Router”.
Click the OK (for WinXP) or Close (for Win2000) button on the IP Filter List window.
Figure C-8: Filters Properties
Figure C-9: New Rule Properties
Appendix C: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
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Step 3: Configure Individual Tunnel Rules
Tunnel 1: win->Router
1. From the IP Filter List tab, shown in Figure C-10, click the filter list win->Router.
2. Click the Filter Action tab (as in Figure C-11), and click the filter action Require Security radio button. Then,
click the Edit button.
Figure C-10: IP Filter List Tab
3. From the Security Methods tab, shown in Figure C-12, verify that the Negotiate security option is enabled,
and deselect the Accept unsecured communication, but always respond using IPSec check box. Select
Session key Perfect Forward Secrecy, and click the OK button.
Figure C-11: Filter Acton Tab
Figure C-12: Security Methods Tab
Appendix C: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
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4. Select the Authentication Methods tab, shown in Figure C-13, and click the Edit button.
5. Change the authentication method to Use this string to protect the key exchange (preshared key), as
shown in Figure C-14, and enter the preshared key string, such as XYZ12345. Click the OK button.
Figure C-13: Authentication Methods
6. This new Preshared key will be displayed in Figure C-15. Click the Apply button to continue, if it appears on
your screen, otherwise proceed to the next step.
Figure C-14: Preshared Key
Figure C-15: New Preshared Key
Appendix C: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
How to Establish a Secure IPSec Tunnel
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
7. Select the Tunnel Setting tab, shown in Figure C-16, and click The tunnel endpoint is specified by this IP
Address radio button. Then, enter the Router’s WAN IP Address.
8. Select the Connection Type tab, as shown in Figure C-17, and click All network connections. Then, click
the OK or Close button to finish this rule.
Figure C-16: Tunnel Setting Tab
Tunnel 2: Router->win
9. In the new policy’s properties screen, shown in Figure C-18, make sure that “win -> Router” is selected and
deselect the Use Add Wizard check box. Then, click the Add button to create the second IP filter.
Figure C-17: Connection Type Tab
Figure C-18: Properties Screen
Appendix C: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
How to Establish a Secure IPSec Tunnel
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10. Go to the IP Filter List tab, and click the filter list Router->win, as shown in Figure C-19.
11. Click the Filter Action tab, and select the filter action Require Security, as shown in Figure C-20. Then, click
the Edit button. From the Security Methods tab, shown previously in Figure C-12, verify that the Negotiate
security option is enabled, and deselect the Accept unsecured communication, but always respond
using IPSec check box. Select Session key Perfect Forward Secrecy, and click the OK button.
Figure C-19: IP Filter List Tab
12. Click the Authentication Methods tab, and verify that the authentication method Kerberos is selected, as
shown in Figure C-21. Then, click the Edit button.
Figure C-20: Filter Action Tab
Figure C-21: Authentication Methods Tab
Appendix C: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
How to Establish a Secure IPSec Tunnel
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13. Change the authentication method to Use this string to protect the key exchange (preshared key), and
enter the preshared key string, such as XYZ12345, as shown in Figure C-22. (This is a sample key string.
Yours should be a key that is unique but easy to remember.) Then click the OK button.
14. This new Preshared key will be displayed in Figure C-23. Click the Apply button to continue, if it appears on
your screen, otherwise proceed to the next step.
Figure C-22: Preshared Key
15. Click the Tunnel Setting tab, shown in Figure C-24, click the radio button for The tunnel endpoint is
specified by this IP Address, and enter the Windows 2000/XP computer’s IP Address.
Figure C-23: New Preshared Key
Figure C-24: Tunnel Setting Tab
Appendix C: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
How to Establish a Secure IPSec Tunnel
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
16. Click the Connection Type tab, shown in Figure C-25, and select All network connections. Then click the
OK or Close button to finish.
17. From the Rules tab, shown in Figure C-26, click the OK or Close button to return to the secpol screen.
Figure C-25: Connection Type
Step 4: Assign New IPSec Policy
In the IP Security Policies on Local Computer window, shown in Figure C-27, right-click the policy named
to_Router, and click Assign. A green arrow appears in the folder icon.
Figure C-26: Rules
Figure C-27: Local Computer
Appendix C: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
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Step 5: Create a Tunnel Through the Web-Based Utility
1. Open your web browser, and enter 192.168.1.1 in the Address field. Press the Enter key.
2. When the User name and Password field appears, enter the default user name and password admin. Press
the Enter key.
3. From the Setup tab, click the VPN tab.
4. From the VPN tab, shown in Figure C-28, select the tunnel you wish to create in the Select Tunnel Entry dropdown box. Then click Enabled. Enter the name of the tunnel in the Tunnel Name field. This is to allow you to
identify multiple tunnels and does not have to match the name used at the other end of the tunnel.
5. Enter the IP Address and Subnet Mask of the local VPN Router in the Local Secure Group fields. To allow
access to the entire IP subnet, enter 0 for the last set of IP Addresses. (e.g. 192.168.1.0).
6. Enter the IP Address and Subnet Mask of the VPN device at the other end of the tunnel (the remote VPN Router
or device with which you wish to communicate) in the Remote Security Router fields.
7. Select fromtwo different types of encryption: DES or 3DES (3DES is recommended because it is more secure).
You may choose either of these, but it must be the same type of encryption that is being used by the VPN
device at the other end of the tunnel. Or, you may choose not to encrypt by selecting Disable.
8. Select from two types of authentication: MD5 and SHA (SHA is recommended because it is more secure). As
with encryption, either of these may be selected, provided that the VPN device at the other end of the tunnel
is using the same type of authentication. Or, both ends of the tunnel may choose to Disable authentication.
9. Select the Key Management. Select Auto (IKE) and enter a series of numbers or letters in the Pre-shared Key
field. Check the box next to PFS (Perfect Forward Secrecy) to ensure that the initial key exchange and IKE
proposals are secure. You may use any combination of up to 24 numbers or letters in this field. No special
characters or spaces are allowed. In the Key Lifetime field, you may optionally select to have the key expire at
the end of a time period of your choosing. Enter the number of seconds you’d like the key to be useful, or
leave it blank for the key to last indefinitely.
Figure C-28: VPN Tab
10. Click the Save Settings button to save these changes.
Your tunnel should now be established.
Appendix C: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP Computer and the Gateway
How to Establish a Secure IPSec Tunnel
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Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for
Your Ethernet Adapter
This section describes how to find the MAC address for your computer’s Ethernet adapter so you can use the MAC
filtering feature of the Gateway. You can also find the IP address of your computer’s Ethernet adapter. This IP
address is used for the Gateway’s filtering, forwarding, and/or DMZ features. Follow the steps in this appendix to
find the adapter’s MAC or IP address in Windows 98, Me, 2000, or XP.
Windows 98 or Me Instructions
1. Click Start and Run. In the Open field, enter winipcfg. Then press the Enter key or the OK button.
2. When the IP Configuration screen appears, select the Ethernet adapter you have connected to the Gateway
via a CAT 5 Ethernet network cable. See Figure D-1.
Figure D-1: IP Configuration Screen
3. Write down the Adapter Address as shown on your computer screen (see Figure D-2). This is the MAC address
for your Ethernet adapter and is shown in hexadecimal as a series of numbers and letters.
The MAC address/Adapter Address is what you will use for MAC filtering. The example in Figure D-2 shows
the Ethernet adapters’s MAC address as 00-00-00-00-00-00. Your computer will show something different.
The example in Figure D-2 shows the Ethernet adapter’s IP address as 192.168.1.100. Your computer may
show something different.
Note: The MAC address is also called the Adapter Address.
Figure D-2: MAC Address/Adapter
Address
Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter
Windows 98 or Me Instructions
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
Windows 2000 or XP Instructions
1. Click Start and Run. In the Open field, enter cmd. Press the Enter key or click the OK button.
Note: The MAC address is also called the Physical Address.
2. At the command prompt, enter ipconfig /all. Then press the Enter key.
3. Write down the Physical Address as shown on your computer screen (Figure D-3); it is the MAC address for
your Ethernet adapter. This appears as a series of numbers and letters.
The MAC address/Physical Address is what you will use for MAC filtering. The example in Figure D-3 shows
the Ethernet adapters’s MAC address as 00-00-00-00-00-00. Your computer will show something different.
Figure D-3: MAC Address/Physical Address
The example in Figure E-3 shows the Ethernet adapter’s IP address as 192.168.1.100. Your computer may
show something different.
Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter
Windows 2000 or XP Instructions
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
Appendix E: Upgrading Firmware
The ADSL Gateway allows you to upgrade firmware for the WAN (Internet) side of the Gateway and the LAN
(network) side of the Gateway through the Web-Utility's Firmware Upgrade tab from the Administration tab.
Follow these instructions:.
Upgrade from WAN
To upgrade the Gateway’s firmware from the WAN : Enter the URL for the firmware in the URL field, then click the
Upgrade button, and follow the instructions there.
Upgrade from LAN
To upgrade the Gateway’s firmware from the LAN:
1. Click the Browse button to find the firmware upgrade file that you downloaded from the Linksys website and
then extracted.
2. Double-click the firmware file you downloaded and extracted. Click the Upgrade button, and follow the
instructions there.
Figure E-1: Upgrade Firmware
Appendix E: Upgrading Firmware
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
Appendix F: Glossary
802.11a - An IEEE wireless networking standard that specifies a maximum data transfer rate of 54Mbps and an
operating frequency of 5GHz.
802.11b - An IEEE wireless networking standard that specifies a maximum data transfer rate of 11Mbps and an
operating frequency of 2.4GHz.
802.11g - An IEEE wireless networking standard that specifies a maximum data transfer rate of 54Mbps, an
operating frequency of 2.4GHz, and backward compatibility with 802.11b devices.
Access Point - Device that allows wireless-equipped computers and other devices to communicate with a wired
network. Also used to expand the range of a wireless network.
Adapter - This is a device that adds network functionality to your computer.
Ad-hoc - A group of wireless devices communicating directly with each other (peer-to-peer) without the use of
an access point.
Backbone - The part of a network that connects most of the systems and networks together, and handles the
most data.
Bandwidth - The transmission capacity of a given device or network.
Beacon Interval - The frequency interval of the beacon, which is a packet broadcast by a Gateway to
synchronize a wireless network.
Bit - A binary digit.
Boot - To start a device and cause it to start executing instructions.
Bridge - A device that connects two different kinds of local networks, such as a wireless network to a wired
Ethernet network.
Broadband - An always-on, fast Internet connection.
Browser - A browser is an application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all the
information on the World Wide Web.
Appendix F: Glossary
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
Buffer - A block of memory that temporarily holds data to be worked on later when a device is currently too busy
to accept the data.
Cable Modem - A device that connects a computer to the cable television network, which in turn connects to the
Internet.
CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance) - A method of data transfer that is used to prevent
data loss in a network.
CTS (Clear To Send) - A signal sent by a device to indicate that it is ready to receive data.
Daisy Chain - A method used to connect devices in a series, one after the other.
Database - A collection of data that is organized so that its contents can easily be accessed, managed, and
updated.
DDNS (Dynamic Domain Name System) - The capability of having a website, FTP, or e-mail server-with a
dynamic IP address-use a fixed domain name.
Default Gateway - A device that forwards Internet traffic from your local area network.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - A protocol that lets one device on a local network, known as a
DHCP server, assign temporary IP addresses to the other network devices, typically computers.
DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) - Removes the Gateway's firewall protection from one computer, allowing it to be
“seen” from the Internet.
DNS (Domain Name Server) - The IP address of your ISP's server, which translates the names of websites into IP
addresses.
Domain - A specific name for a network of computers.
Download - To receive a file transmitted over a network.
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) - An always-on broadband connection over traditional phone lines.
DSSS (Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum) - A type of radio transmission technology that includes a redundant
bit pattern to lessen the probability of data lost during transmission. Used in 802.11b networking.
DTIM (Delivery Traffic Indication Message) - A message included in data packets that can increase wireless
efficiency.
Appendix F: Glossary
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
Dynamic IP Address - A temporary IP address assigned by a DHCP server.
Encryption - Encoding data to prevent it from being read by unauthorized people.
Ethernet - An IEEE standard network protocol that specifies how data is placed on and retrieved from a common
transmission medium.
Finger - A program that tells you the name associated with an e-mail address.
Firewall - Security measures that protect the resources of a local network from intruders.
Firmware - 1. In network devices, the programming that runs the device. 2. Programming loaded into read-only
memory (ROM) or programmable read-only memory (PROM) that cannot be altered by end-users.
Fragmentation - Breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network medium that cannot
support the original size of the packet.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - A standard protocol for sending files between computers over a TCP/IP network and
the Internet.
Full Duplex - The ability of a networking device to receive and transmit data simultaneously.
Gateway - A system that interconnects networks.
Half Duplex - Data transmission that can occur in two directions over a single line, but only one direction at a
time.
Hardware - The physical aspect of computers, telecommunications, and other information technology devices.
HTTP (HyperText Transport Protocol) - The communications protocol used to connect to servers on the World
Wide Web.
IEEE (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) - An independent institute that develops networking
standards.
Infrastructure - Currently installed computing and networking equipment.
Infrastructure Mode - Configuration in which a wireless network is bridged to a wired network via an access
point.
IP (Internet Protocol) - A protocol used to send data over a network.
IP Address - The address used to identify a computer or device on a network.
Appendix F: Glossary
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
IPCONFIG - A Windows 2000 and XP utility that displays the IP address for a particular networking device.
IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) - A VPN protocol used to implement secure exchange of packets at the IP layer.
ISM band - Radio band used in wireless networking transmissions.
ISP (Internet Service Provider) - A company that provides access to the Internet.
LAN (Local Area Network) - The computers and networking products that make up the network in your home or
office.
MAC (Media Access Control) Address - The unique address that a manufacturer assigns to each networking
device.
Mbps (Megabits Per Second) - One million bits per second; a unit of measurement for data transmission.
Multicasting - Sending data to a group of destinations at once.
NAT (Network Address Translation) - NAT technology translates IP addresses of a local area network to a
different IP address for the Internet.
Network - A series of computers or devices connected for the purpose of data sharing, storage, and/or
transmission between users.
NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) - The protocol used to connect to Usenet groups on the Internet.
Node - A network junction or connection point, typically a computer or work station.
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) - A type of modulation technology that separates the data
stream into a number of lower-speed data streams, which are then transmitted in parallel. Used in 802.11a,
802.11g, and powerline networking.
Packet - A unit of data sent over a network.
Passphrase - Used much like a password, a passphrase simplifies the WEP encryption process by automatically
generating the WEP encryption keys for Linksys products.
Ping (Packet INternet Groper) - An Internet utility used to determine whether a particular IP address is online.
POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) - A standard protocol used to retrieve e-mail stored on a mail server.
Port - 1. The connection point on a computer or networking device used for plugging in a cable or an adapter. 2.
The virtual connection point through which a computer uses a specific application on a server.
Appendix F: Glossary
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
PPPoE (Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet) - A type of broadband connection that provides authentication
(username and password) in addition to data transport.
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) - A VPN protocol that allows the Point to Point Protocol (PPP) to be
tunneled through an IP network. This protocol is also used as a type of broadband connection in Europe.
Preamble - Part of the wireless signal that synchronizes network traffic.
RJ-45 (Registered Jack-45) - An Ethernet connector that holds up to eight wires.
Roaming - The ability to take a wireless device from one access point's range to another without losing the
connection.
Router - A networking device that connects multiple networks together, such as a local network and the Internet.
RTS (Request To Send) - A packet sent when a computer has data to transmit. The computer will wait for a CTS
(Clear To Send) message before sending data.
Server - Any computer whose function in a network is to provide user access to files, printing, communications,
and other services.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - The standard e-mail protocol on the Internet.
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) - A widely used network monitoring and control protocol.
Software - Instructions for the computer. A series of instructions that performs a particular task is called a
“program”.
Spread Spectrum - Wideband radio frequency technique used for more reliable and secure data transmission.
SSID (Service Set IDentifier) - Your wireless network's name.
Static IP Address - A fixed address assigned to a computer or device that is connected to a network.
Static Routing - Forwarding data in a network via a fixed path.
Subnet Mask - An address code that determines the size of the network.
Switch - 1. Device that is the central point of connection for computers and other devices in a network, so data
can be shared at full transmission speeds. 2. A device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an
electrical circuit.
Appendix F: Glossary
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TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) - A network protocol for transmitting data that requires
acknowledgement from the recipient of data sent.
Telnet - A user command and TCP/IP protocol used for accessing remote computers.
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) - A version of the TCP/IP FTP protocol that uses UDP and has no directory or
password capability.
Throughput - The amount of data moved successfully from one node to another in a given time period.
Topology - The physical layout of a network.
TX Rate - Transmission Rate.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) - A network protocol for transmitting data that does not require acknowledgement
from the recipient of the data that is sent.
Upgrade - To replace existing software or firmware with a newer version.
Upload - To transmit a file over a network.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - The address of a file located on the Internet.
VPN (Virtual Private Network) - A security measure to protect data as it leaves one network and goes to another
over the Internet.
WAN (Wide Area Network) - The Internet.
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) - A method of encrypting data transmitted on a wireless network for greater
security.
WINIPCFG - A Windows 98 and Millennium utility that displays the IP address for a particular networking device.
WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) - A group of computers and associated devices that communicate with
each other wirelessly.
Appendix F: Glossary
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
Appendix G: Specifications
Standards
IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.3u, IEEE 802.3, G.992.1 (G.dmt),
G.992.2 (G.lite), ITU G.992.3, ITU G.992.5, ANSI T1.413i2, WAG54G-E1:
Annex-B, WAG54G-DE: UR-2
Ports
Power, LINE (ADSL), Ethernet (1-4)
Buttons
One Reset Button, One On/Off Switch
Cabling Type
UTP CAT 5 or better, Phone Cable (POTS)
Data Rate
Up to 54Mbps (wireless)
Up to 8Mbps downstream ADSL
Up to 800kbps upstream ADSL
Transmit Power
18 dBm on 802.11b and 15dBm on 802.11g
LEDs
Power, Ethernet (1-4), Wireless-G (WLAN), DSL Internet
Security Features
WEP, WPA, RADIUS
WEP Key Bits
64, 128
Dimensions
186 mm x 48 mm x 188 mm
Unit Weight
0.48 kg
Power
External, 12V DC, 1A
Certifications
FCC Part 15B Class B, FCC Part 15C Class B, FCC Part 68, UL 1950,
CSA, CE
Operating Temp.
0ºC to 40ºC
Appendix G: Specifications
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
Storage Temp.
-20ºC to 70ºC
Operating Humidity
10% to 85% Non-Condensing
Storage Humidity
5% to 90% Non-Condensing
Appendix G: Specifications
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Wireless-G ADSL Gateway
Appendix H: Regulatory Information
FCC Statement
This product has been tested and complies with the specifications for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the
FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential
installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used
according to the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee
that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which is found by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna
• Increase the separation between the equipment or devices
• Connect the equipment to an outlet other than the receiver's
• Consult a dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for assistance
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment
should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator and your body.
Industry Canada (Canada)
This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003, RSS210.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
The use of this device in a system operating either partially or completely outdoors may require the user to obtain a license
for the system according to the Canadian regulations.
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Compliance Information for 2.4-GHz Wireless Products Relevant to the EU and Other Countries Following
the EU Directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE Directive)
Declaration of Conformity with Regard to the EU Directive 1995/5/EC (R&TTE Directive)
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NOTE: If you need any technical documentation, see the “How to Access Technical
Documents on www.linksys.com/international” section for more information.
The following standards were applied during the assessment of the product against the requirements of the
Directive 1999/5/EC:
•
•
•
Radio: EN 300 328
EMC: EN 301 489-1, EN 301 489-17
Safety: EN 60950
CE Marking
For the Linksys Wireless-B and Wireless-G products, the following CE mark, notified body number (where applicable), and
class 2 identifier are added to the equipment.
or
or
Check the CE label on the product to find out which notified body was involved during the assessment.
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National Restrictions
This product may be used in all EU countries (and other countries following the EU directive 1999/5/EC) without any
limitation except for the countries mentioned below:
Ce produit peut être utilisé dans tous les pays de l’UE (et dans tous les pays ayant transposés la directive 1999/5/CE) sans
aucune limitation, excepté pour les pays mentionnés ci-dessous:
Questo prodotto è utilizzabile in tutte i paesi EU (ed in tutti gli altri paesi che seguono le direttive EU 1999/5/EC) senza
nessuna limitazione, eccetto per i paesii menzionati di seguito:
Das Produkt kann in allen EU Staaten ohne Einschränkungen eingesetzt werden (sowie in anderen Staaten die der EU
Direktive 1995/5/CE folgen) mit Außnahme der folgenden aufgeführten Staaten:
Belgium
The Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (BIPT) must be notified of any outdoor wireless link
having a range exceeding 300 meters. Please check http://www.bipt.be for more details.
Draadloze verbindingen voor buitengebruik en met een reikwijdte van meer dan 300 meter dienen aangemeld te worden
bij het Belgisch Instituut voor postdiensten en telecommunicatie (BIPT). Zie http://www.bipt.be voor meer gegevens.
Les liaisons sans fil pour une utilisation en extérieur d’une distance supérieure à 300 mètres doivent être notifiées à
l’Institut Belge des services Postaux et des Télécommunications (IBPT). Visitez
http://www.ibpt.be pour de plus amples détails.
France
In case the product is used outdoors, the output power is restricted in some parts of the band. See Table 1 or check
http://www.art-telecom.fr/ for more details.
Dans la cas d’une utilisation en extérieur, la puissance de sortie est limitée pour certaines parties de la bande. Reportezvous à la table 1 ou visitez http://www.art-telecom.fr/ pour de plus amples détails.
Table 1: Applicable Power Levels in France
Location
Frequency Range (MHz)
Power (EIRP)
Indoor (No restrictions)
2400-2483.5
100 mW (20 dBm)
Outdoor
2400-2454
2454-2483.5
100 mW (20 dBm)
10 mW (10 dBm)
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Italy
This product meets the National Radio Interface and the requirements specified in the National Frequency Allocation Table
for Italy. Unless operating within the boundaries of the owner’s property, the use of this 2.4 GHz Wireless LAN product
requires a ‘general authorization’. Please check with http://www.comunicazioni.it/it/ for more details.
Questo prodotto è conforme alla specifiche di Interfaccia Radio Nazionali e rispetta il Piano Nazionale di ripartizione delle
frequenze in Italia. Se non viene installato all’interno del proprio fondo, l’utilizzo di prodotti Wireless LAN a 2.4 GHz richiede
una “Autorizzazione Generale”. Consultare http://www.comunicazioni.it/it/ per maggiori dettagli.
Product Usage Restrictions
This product is designed for indoor usage only. Outdoor usage is not recommended.
This product is designed for use with the included integral or external (dedicated) antenna(s). Use of non-dedicated or
third-party antenna(s) is not recommended and is not supported by Linksys.
Power Output of Your Device
To comply with your country’s regulations, you may have to change the power output of your wireless device. Proceed to
the appropriate section for your device.
Note: The power output setting may not be available on all wireless products.
For more information, refer to the documentation on your product’s CD or at
http://www.linksys.com/international.
Wireless Adapters
Wireless adapters have the power output set to 100% by default. Maximum power output on each adapter does not exceed
20 dBm (100 mW); it is generally 18 dBm (64 mW) or below. If you need to alter your wireless adapter’s power output,
follow the appropriate instructions for your computer’s Windows operating system:
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Windows XP
1. Double-click the Wireless icon in your desktop’s system tray.
2. Open the Wireless Network Connection window.
3. Click the Properties button.
4. Select the General tab, and click the Configure button.
5. In the Properties window, click the Advanced tab.
6. Select Power Output.
7. From the pull-down menu on the right, select the wireless adapter’s power output percentage.
Windows 2000
1. Open the Control Panel.
2. Double-click Network and Dial-Up Connections.
3. Select your current wireless connection, and select Properties.
4. From the Properties screen, click the Configure button.
5. Click the Advanced tab, and select Power Output.
6. From the pull-down menu on the right, select the wireless adapter’s power setting.
If your computer is running Windows Millennium or 98, then refer to Windows Help for instructions on how to access the
advanced settings of a network adapter.
Wireless Access Points, Routers, or Other Wireless Products
If you have a wireless access point, router or other wireless product, use its Web-based Utility to configure its power
output setting (refer to the product’s documentation for more information).
Technical Documents on www.linksys.com/international
Follow these steps to access technical documents:
1. Browse to http://www.linksys.com/international.
2. Click the region in which you reside.
3. Click the name of the country in which you reside.
4. Click Products.
5. Click the appropriate product category.
6. Select a product.
7. Click the type of documentation you want. The document will automatically open in PDF format.
Note: If you have questions regarding the compliance of these products or you
cannot find the information you are looking for, please contact your local sales
office. Visit http://www.linksys.com/international for more details.
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Appendix I: Warranty Information
Linksys warrants to You that, for a period of three years (the “Warranty Period”), your Linksys Product will be substantially
free of defects in materials and workmanship under normal use. Your exclusive remedy and Linksys' entire liability under
this warranty will be for Linksys at its option to repair or replace the Product or refund Your purchase price less any rebates.
This limited warranty extends only to the original purchaser.
If the Product proves defective during the Warranty Period call Linksys Technical Support in order to obtain a Return
Authorization Number, if applicable. BE SURE TO HAVE YOUR PROOF OF PURCHASE ON HAND WHEN CALLING. If You are
requested to return the Product, mark the Return Authorization Number clearly on the outside of the package and include a
copy of your original proof of purchase. RETURN REQUESTS CANNOT BE PROCESSED WITHOUT PROOF OF PURCHASE. You
are responsible for shipping defective Products to Linksys. Linksys pays for UPS Ground shipping from Linksys back to You
only. Customers located outside of the United States of America and Canada are responsible for all shipping and handling
charges.
ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE LIMITED
TO THE DURATION OF THE WARRANTY PERIOD. ALL OTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE DISCLAIMED. Some jurisdictions do not
allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts, so the above limitation may not apply to You. This warranty gives
You specific legal rights, and You may also have other rights which vary by jurisdiction.
This warranty does not apply if the Product (a) has been altered, except by Linksys, (b) has not been installed, operated,
repaired, or maintained in accordance with instructions supplied by Linksys, or (c) has been subjected to abnormal physical
or electrical stress, misuse, negligence, or accident. In addition, due to the continual development of new techniques for
intruding upon and attacking networks, Linksys does not warrant that the Product will be free of vulnerability to intrusion or
attack.
TO THE EXTENT NOT PROHIBITED BY LAW, IN NO EVENT WILL LINKSYS BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOST DATA, REVENUE OR PROFIT,
OR FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, REGARDLESS OF THE THEORY OF
LIABILITY (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT
(INCLUDING ANY SOFTWARE), EVEN IF LINKSYS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT
WILL LINKSYS’ LIABILITY EXCEED THE AMOUNT PAID BY YOU FOR THE PRODUCT. The foregoing limitations will apply even if
any warranty or remedy provided under this Agreement fails of its essential purpose. Some jurisdictions do not allow the
exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to You.
This Warranty is valid and may be processed only in the country of purchase.
Please direct all inquiries to: Linksys, P.O. Box 18558, Irvine, CA 92623.
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Appendix J: Contact Information
Need to contact Linksys?
Visit us online for information on the latest products and updates to your existing products at:
http://www.linksys.com/international
If you experience problems with any Linksys product, you can e-mail us at:
In Europe
E-mail Address
Austria
[email protected]
Belgium
[email protected]
Denmark
[email protected]
France
[email protected]
Germany
[email protected]
Italy
[email protected]
Netherlands
[email protected]
Norway
[email protected]
Portugal
[email protected]
Spain
[email protected]
Sweden
[email protected]
Switzerland
[email protected]
United Kingdom & Ireland
[email protected]
Outside of Europe
E-mail Address
Latin America
[email protected]
U.S. and Canada
[email protected]
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