Download Why D-Link IP Surveillance

Course Outline
Why D-Link IP Surveillance?
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[IP Surveillance]
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Version 1.0
IP Networking Essential
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Local Area Network
The Internet
Network Security
802.11 WLAN
Appendix – Bandwidth & Storage
Consideration
D-Link IP Surveillance Product Overview
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
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IP Surveillance Evolution
D-Link Provides Complete IP Surveillance
System
Surveillance Solution for Dedicated Purpose
mydlink-Enabled
Standalone Network Video Recorder
Network Camera / Video Server
Network Video Recorder
D-ViewCam
IP Surveillance Essential
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Resolution
Compression
Audio
Lens Elements
Image Sensors
Image Processing
Light Sensitivity
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Contents
IP Surveillance Evolution
D-Link Provides Complete IP Surveillance System
Surveillance Solution for Dedicated Purpose
mydlink-Enabled
Standalone Network Video Recorder
DCS – IP Surveillance
Why D-Link IP Surveillance
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Why D-Link IP Surveillance?
Why D-Link IP Surveillance?
• IP Surveillance Evolution
• IP Surveillance Evolution
Surveillance Market Evolution
Switching from Analog to Digital Camera
Up to 16-32 channels
Analog
Cameras
Video Cassette Recorder
(VCR)-era
Digital Video Recorder
(DVR)-era
Network Video Recorder
(NVR)-era
Monitor
Coax Cable
Analog
DVR
Camera
digitization
Network
Switch
Network
Cameras
Cables
Display / Record / Playback
Ethernet
Cable (PoE)
Digital
Switch
(PoE)
PC
(Management
Software) /
NVR
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Why D-Link IP Surveillance?
Why D-Link IP Surveillance?
• IP Surveillance Evolution
• D-Link Provides Complete IP Surveillance System
Key Benefits of IP Surveillance
Facilities and Signal Transmission All Digitalized Thru TCP/IP
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IP Surveillance System
IP network is open-standard (Compatible equipment, Internet access,
interoperability)
Easy deployment (Power over Ethernet, wireless)
Higher resolution (Megapixel)
Lower signal loss (one-time conversion, better quality)
Scalability and Flexibility (system upgrade, maintenance, migration from
traditional surveillance system to IP surveillance)
Effective total cost of ownership
Network
Infrastructure
System
Service
/Integration
IP
Security
Management
Server
Video
Storage
(NAS/ NVR)
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Video Capture
(IP Camera)
Accessories
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Why D-Link IP Surveillance?
Why D-Link IP Surveillance?
• Surveillance Solution for Dedicated Purpose
• Surveillance Solution for Dedicated Purpose
For Various Markets
For Consumer
For Various Environments
For Prosumer
Indoor
Outdoor
Desktop
Pan/Tilt/Zoom
Camera
DCS-5635
DCS-5605
DCS-910 / 920
DCS-1100 / 1130
DCS-7410
Fixed Dome
Camera
DCS-5300 / 5300G
DCS-6410
DCS-6110
DCS-6111
Fixed Box
Camera
DCS-5610
DCS-2102 / 2121
DCS-3410
DCS-3420
DCS-3411
DCS-3430
DCS-3110
DCS-3415
DCS-7510
DCS-6815
DCS-5220
DCS-6620 / 6620G
DCS-5230
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Why D-Link IP Surveillance?
Why D-Link IP Surveillance?
• Surveillance Solution for Dedicated Purpose
• Surveillance Solution for Dedicated Purpose
For Various Cable Installation
Power over Ethernet (PoE)
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For Various Light Conditions
Wireless
Day & Night
WDR
Dual-band Filter
Camera
DCS-3410
DCS-3411
DCS-3110
DCS-3410
DCS-920
DCS-6110
DCS-6410
DCS-1130
DCS-2121
DCS-5300G
DCS-6620G
DCS-6111
DCS-6110
DCS-3420
DCS-3411
DCS-6410
DCS-6815
DCS-3430
DCS-7410
ICR Camera
DCS-5220
DCS-3415
DCS-5610
DCS-3110
DCS-3430
DCS-7410
DCS-6111
DCS-3415
DCS-6111
DCS-7510
IR LED Camera
with Dual-band
or ICR Filter
DCS-3420
DCS-7510
DCS-5230
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DCS-6410
DCS-6111
DCS-7410
DCS-7510
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Why D-Link IP Surveillance?
Why D-Link IP Surveillance?
• Surveillance Solution for Dedicated Purpose
• mydlink-Enabled
For High Resolution
mydlink-Enabled (Consumer Product Line)
Megapixel
DCS-2102
DCS-2121
DCS-3110
mydlink is the central portal for managing all mydlink-enabled devices
Users can easily connect and manage their mydlink-enabled devices from
www.mydlink.com through the Internet
mydlink-enabled
DCS-5230
DCS-1100 / 1130
DCS-5230
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Why D-Link IP Surveillance?
Why D-Link IP Surveillance?
• Standalone NVR
• Summary
Standalone NVR (SecureCenter Kit)
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Summary
D-Link NVR is a centralized and comprehensive video display, storage, and
IP surveillance management solution
D-Link provides two choices of NVRs, DNS-722-4 and DNS-726-4, as part
of its complete IP surveillance system product line
D-Link IP surveillance system allows connection of up to 4 NVRs and
supports up to 16 cameras in a group
IP surveillance is better than traditional analog surveillance because it offers
key benefits of open-standard, easy deployment (PoE, wireless), higher
resolution, lower signal loss, scalability, flexibility and lower cost of
ownership
D-Link provides a wide range of IP Cameras for different market segment,
environment, cable installation, light condition, and resolution
mydlink is a central portal capable of managing all mydlink-enabled devices
remotely from the Internet
DNS-722-4 / DNS-726-4
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Why D-Link IP Surveillance?
• Why D-Link IP Surveillance Q&A
Questions and Answers
1. Which of the following are not the benefits of using IP surveillance system?
(Choose two)
a. difficult deployment
b. lower resolution
c. lower signal loss
d. low cost of ownership
e. open-standard
DCS – IP Surveillance
D-Link IP Surveillance
Products Overview
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D-Link IP Surveillance Products Overview
• Consumer Cameras
Contents
Consumer Cameras
Prosumer PTZ Desktop Series
Professional Fixed Box Series
Professional Fixed Dome Series
Professional Fixed All-In-One Series
Professional PTZ Dome Type Series
Network Video Recorder
Video Server
Management Software
Accessories
Consumer Cameras
DCS-910
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DCS-920
DCS-1100
DCS-1130
CMOS Sensor; Fixed
Lens
CMOS Sensor; Fixed
Lens; 802.11g
CMOS Sensor; Fixed
Lens; Built-in
Microphone
CMOS Sensor; Fixed
Lens; Built-in
Microphone;
802.11n(draft)
MJPEG Video Format;
4X digital zoom; UPnP
Installation; DDNS
Support
MJPEG Video Format;
4X digital zoom; UPnP
Installation; DDNS
Support
MPEG4 and MJPEG
Video Format;
16X digital zoom;
Motion detection; Audio
Recording; Scheduled
recording; UPnP
Installation; mydlinkenabled
MPEG4 and MJPEG
Video Format;
16X digital zoom;
Motion detection; Audio
Recording; Scheduled
recording; UPnP
Installation; WPS;
mydlink-enabled
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D-Link IP Surveillance Products Overview
D-Link IP Surveillance Products Overview
• Consumer Cameras
• Prosumer PTZ Desktop Series (wired/PoE/Wireless)
Consumer Cameras
DCS-2102
Prosumer PTZ Desktop Series
DCS-2121
DCS-5220
DCS-5230
Megapixel CMOS
Sensor;
Fixed Lens;
Built-in Microphone;
Audio Out
Megapixel CMOS
Sensor;
Fixed Lens;
Built-in Microphone;
Audio Out;
802.11g
CMOS Sensor;
Fixed Lens;
Built-in Microphone;
802.11g;
Motorized Pan/Tilt
Megapixel CMOS
Sensor;
Built-in Microphone;
Audio Out;
802.11n(draft)
MPEG4 and MJPEG
Video Format;
16X digital zoom;
Motion Detection;
Scheduled Recording;
Audio Recording;
UPnP Installation;
DDNS Support
MPEG4 and MJPEG
Video Format;
16X digital zoom;
Motion Detection;
Scheduled Recording;
Audio Recording;
UPnP Installation;
DDNS Support,
WPS
MPEG4/MJPEG Video
Format;
4X digital zoom;
Motion detection;
Audio Recording;
Scheduled recording;
UPnP Installation
MPEG4 and MJPEG
Video Format;
16X digital zoom;
Motion Detection;
Schedule recording;
Audio recording;
WPS;
5 Meter IR LED;
PIR sensor;
mydlink-enabled
DCS-5300
DCS-5300G
CCD Sensor; Fixed Lens;
Built-in Microphone; Audio
Out; AV TV output; Motorized
Pan/Tilt
CCD Sensor; Fixed Lens;
Built-in Microphone; Audio
Out; AV TV output; Motorized
Pan/Tilt; 802.11g
MPEG4 and MJPEG Video
Format; 4X digital zoom;
Motion Detection; Audio
Recording; UPnP Installation;
DDNS Support
MPEG4 and MJPEG Video
Format; 4X digital zoom;
Motion Detection; Audio
Recording; UPnP Installation;
DDNS Support
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D-Link IP Surveillance Products Overview
D-Link IP Surveillance Products Overview
• Prosumer PTZ Desktop Series (wired/PoE/Wireless)
• Professional Fixed Box Series
Prosumer PTZ Desktop Series
DCS-5610
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DCS-6620
Professional Fixed Box Series
DCS-3110
DCS-6620G
DCS-3410
DCS-3411
CCD Sensor; Fixed Lens;
2.6X Optical Zoom;
Built-in Microphone;
Audio Out;
802.3af PoE;
Motorized Pan/Tilt
CCD Sensor; Fixed Lens;
10X Optical Zoom;
Built-in Microphone;
Audio Out;
2-way audio;
AV TV output;
Motorized Pan/Tilt
CCD Sensor; Fixed Lens;
10X Optical Zoom;
Built-in Microphone;
Audio Out;
2-way audio;
AV TV output;
Motorized Pan/Tilt;
802.11g
Megapixel CMOS Sensor;
CS Mount Lens;
Built-in Microphone;
2-Way Audio;
802.3af PoE;
CF card slot;
ICR for day and night
support
CCD Sensor;
CS Mount Lens;
Built-in Microphone;
2-Way Audio;
802.3af PoE;
BNC TV Output;
Day and night support
CCD Sensor;
CS Mount Lens;
Built-in Microphone;
2-Way Audio;
802.3af PoE;
BNC TV Output;
SD card slot;
ICR for day and night support
MPEG4 and MJPEG Video
Format;
4X digital zoom;
Motion Detection;
Scheduled Recording;
Audio Recording;
UPnP Installation;
DDNS Support
MPEG4 and MJPEG Video
Format;
10X digital zoom;
Motion Detection;
Audio Recording;
UPnP Installation;
DDNS Support
MPEG4 and MJPEG Video
Format;
10X digital zoom;
Motion Detection;
Audio Recording;
UPnP Installation;
DDNS Support
MPEG4 and MJPEG Video
Format;
4X digital zoom;
Motion Detection;
Scheduled Recording;
Audio Recording;
UPnP Installation;
DDNS Support
MPEG4 and MJPEG Video
Format;
16X digital zoom;
Motion Detection;
Scheduled Recording;
Audio Recording;
UPnP Installation;
DDNS Support
H.264, MPEG4 and MJPEG
Video Format;
16X digital zoom;
Motion Detection;
Scheduled Recording;
Audio Recording;
UPnP Installation;
DDNS Support
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D-Link IP Surveillance Products Overview
D-Link IP Surveillance Products Overview
• Professional Fixed Box Series
• Professional Fixed Dome Series
Professional Fixed Box Series
Professional Fixed Dome Series
DCS-6110
DCS-3415
DCS-3420
DCS-3430
Progressive CCD Sensor;
18X Optical Zoom;
Built-in Microphone;
2-Way Audio;
802.3af PoE;
CF card slot;
ICR for day and night
support
CCD Sensor;
CS Mount Lens;
Built-in Microphone;
2-Way Audio;
802.11g
CMOS Sensor;
CS Mount Lens;
Built-in Microphone;
2-way audio;
802.11n wireless;
SD card slot, ICR for day and
night support
MPEG4 and MJPEG Video
Format;
4X digital zoom;
Motion Detection;
Scheduled Recording;
Audio Recording;
UPnP Installation;
DDNS Support
MPEG4 or MJPEG Video
Format;
4X digital zoom;
Motion Detection;
Audio Recording;
UPnP Installation;
DDNS Support
H.264, MPEG4 and MJPEG
Video Format;
16X digital zoom;
Motion Detection;
Scheduled Recording;
Audio Recording;
UPnP Installation;
DDNS Support
DCS-6111
DCS-6410
CMOS Sensor;
Fixed Lens;
802.3af PoE;
3-axis design
WDR CMOS Sensor;
Fixed Lens;
802.3af PoE;
2-Way audio;
IR Built-in;
ICR for day and night support;
3-axis design
CCD Sensor;
Fixed Lens;
802.3af PoE;
2-Way audio;
IR Built-in;
Video output
MPEG4 and MJPEG Video
Format;
4X digital zoom;
Motion Detection;
Scheduled Recording;
UPnP Installation;
DDNS Support
MPEG4 and MJPEG Video
Format;
4X digital zoom;
Motion Detection;
Scheduled Recording;
Audio Recording;
UPnP Installation;
DDNS Support;
IPv6;
HTTPS; Privacy Mask support
MPEG4 and MJPEG Video
Format;
16X digital zoom;
Motion Detection;
Audio Recording;
UPnP Installation;
DDNS Support
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D-Link IP Surveillance Products Overview
D-Link IP Surveillance Products Overview
• Professional Fixed All-in-One Series
• Professional PTZ Dome Type Series
Professional Fixed All-in-One Series
Professional PTZ Dome Type Series
DCS-6815
DCS-7410
Ex-View ultra low lux CCD Sensor;
18X Optical Zoom;
High Speed PTZ dome;
Built-in heater and fan;
IP66 Weather Proof;
ICR Day & Night Camera
DCS-7510
CCD Sensor;
802.3af PoE;
2-way audio;
30M IR LED;
IP66
CCD Sensor;
802.3af PoE;
2-way audio;
50M IR LED;
IP66;
Vari-Focal; Auto Iris;
wired-in-bracket;
ICR
MPEG4 and MJPEG Video
Format;
16X digital zoom;
Motion Detection;
Audio Recording;
UPnP Installation;
DDNS Support
MPEG4 and MJPEG Video
Format;
16X digital zoom;
Motion Detection;
Audio Recording;
UPnP Installation;
DDNS Support
MPEG4 and MJPEG Video Format;
12X digital zoom;
360° pan capability;
Manual speed 0° ~ 90°/s;
0.225° Pan / Tilt preset accuracy;
5° ~ 400° Pan / Tilt preset speed;
1 Cruise preset; 8 Sequence presets;
24 privacy masks;
Motion Detection;
UPnP Installation;
DDNS Support
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D-Link IP Surveillance Products Overview
D-Link IP Surveillance Products Overview
• NVR
• Video Server
Network Video Recorder (NVR)
DNS-722-4
Video Server
DNS-726-4
DVS-210-1
DVS-310-1
2 x 3.5” SATA bay;
Gigabit LAN Port;
4 channel camera;
Support D-Link IP Camera only
2 x 3.5” SATA bay;
Gigabit LAN Port;
4 channel camera;
Support Axis, Panasonic,
Sony, D-Link IP Camera
802.3af PoE;
RS-485 for PTZ control;
BNC Connector;
Audio In/Out;
SD card slot
802.3af PoE;
RS-485 for PTZ control;
BNC Connector;
Audio In/Out;
SD card slot
Support RAID-0, 1;
Schedule recording;
4 channel live view,
1 channel playback;
Automatic overwrite;
Support RAID0, 1;
Schedule recording;
4 channel live view, 4 channel
playback;
automatic overwrite;
Event management;
Smart Search;
Multi-NVR viewer
MPEG4 and MJPEG Video
Format;
Motion detection;
Video and network loss
detection;
UPnP Installation;
DDNS Support
H.264, MPEG4 and MJPEG
Video Format;
Motion detection;
Video and network loss
detection;
UPnP Installation;
DDNS Support
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D-Link IP Surveillance Products Overview
D-Link IP Surveillance Products Overview
• Management Software – D-ViewCam
• Accessories
Accessories
Management Software – D-ViewCam
DCS-25
DCS-100
Supports up to 32 cameras;
JPEG/MPEG-4 support;
2-way audio;
Live Monitoring;
30 FPS maximum recording per
camera;
Auto-discovery device;
Smart video search;
Record by schedule, event and
manual;
Camera preview window
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DCS-45
DCS-50
DCS-60
DCS-70
CS mount varifocal auto iris
lense for 1/3” and
1/4” sensors with
IR correction
IP66 certified IP
Camera housing for
water resistance
and dust proof
operation
IP66 certified IP
Camera housing
with built-in power
supply for water
resistance and
dust proof
operation
IP44 certified
housing for water
resistance and
dust proof
operation which
includes built-in
power supply and
a heater and
blower for a wider
range of
temperature
sensitive
environments
IP66 certified dome
type enclosure
designed for use
with D-Link
motorized pan and
tilt cameras,
equipped with builtin power supply,
heater and blower
to keep the camera
in proper operating
temperatures
Supported Device
DCS-3410
DCS-3420
DCS-3411
DCS-3430
Supported Device
DCS-3220
DCS-3110
DCS-3410
DCS-3411
Supported Device
DCS-3220
DCS-3110
DCS-3410
DCS-3411
Supported Device
DCS-3220
DCS-3110
DCS-3410
DCS-3415
DCS-3411
Supported Device
DCS-5300
DCS-5610
DCS-6620
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D-Link IP Surveillance Products Overview
D-Link IP Surveillance Products Overview
• Summary
• D-Link IP Surveillance Product Q&A
Summary
Questions and Answers
Category
D-Link IP Surveillance Product
Consumer Cameras
DCS-910, DCS-920, DCS-1100, DCS-1130, DCS-2102,
DCS-2121, DCS-5220, DCS-5230
Prosumer PTZ desktop series
DCS-5300, DCS-5300G , DCS-5610, DCS-6620, DCS6620G
Professional fixed box series
DCS-3110, DCS-3410, DCS-3411, DCS-3415, DCS-3420,
DCS-3430
Professional fixed dome series
DCS-6110, DCS-6111, DCS-6410
Professional fixed all-in-one series
DCS-7410, DCS-7510
Professional PTZ dome type series
DCS-6815
NVR
DNS-722-4, DNS-726-4
Video Server
DVS-210-1, DVS-310-1
Management software
D-ViewCam(DCS-100)
Accessories
DCS-25, DCS-45, DCS-50, DCS-60, DCS-70
1. Which of the following models have wireless capability? (Choose all that
apply)
a. DCS-2121
b. DCS-3410
c. DCS-5300G
d. DCS-6110
e. DCS-7411
2. Which one of the following D-Link IP camera accessory offers CS mount
vari-focal auto iris lens?
a. DCS-25
b. DCS-45
c. DCS-50
d. DCS-60
e. DCS-70
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D-Link IP Surveillance Products Overview
• D-Link IP Surveillance Product Q&A
Questions and Answers
3. What is the different between DNS-726-4 and DNS-722-4?
a. DNS-726-4 supports Axis, Panasonic, Sony, and D-Link IP Camera while
DNS-722-4 only supports D-Link IP Camera
b. DNS-722-4 supports Axis, Panasonic, Sony, and D-Link IP Camera while
DNS-726-4 only supports D-Link IP Camera
c. There is no difference between DNS-726-4 and DNS-722-4. Both support
Axis, Panasonic, Sony, and D-Link IP Camera
d. There is no difference between DNS-726-4 and DNS-722-4. Both support D-
DCS – IP Surveillance
Link IP Camera
Major Features of IP
Surveillance Solution
4. Which one of the following is D-Link professional PTZ dome type IP
camera?
a. DCS-6815
b. DCS-6410
c. DCS-6110
d. DCS-6111
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Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• Network Camera/Video Server
Contents
Power over Ethernet (PoE)
Network Camera / Video Server
Network Video Recorder
D-ViewCam
Power over Ethernet, with its standard protocol defined by IEEE 802.3af specification,
delivers electrical power (DC voltage) over the same network cable of a device for
sending data traffic.
Certain models of D-link IP Cameras support Power over Ethernet (PoE) to provide
more flexibility and easier implementation of the IP camera without the need to worry
about finding a connection to nearest power supply.
PoE is especially useful for scenarios where power supply is not available or is
difficult to reach at the location where the IP Camera is to be installed.
With PoE support on the IP Camera, connection to power outlet is no longer needed. All that is
needed is for the IP camera to be connected to a Switch with PoE built-in.
PoE Switch
PoE IP Camera
Current electric
Data traffic
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Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• Network Camera/Video Server
• Network Camera/Video Server
802.11n
WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup)
802.11n is a relatively new wireless networking standard that significantly
improves wireless network performance over previous standard (802.11a,
802.11b and 802.11g)
Frequency
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802.11a
802.11b
802.11g
802.11n*
5GHz
2.4GHz
2.4GHz
2.4GHz and
5GHz
Bit-rate
54Mbps
11Mbps
54Mbps
600Mbps
Range
~120m
~140m
~140m
~250m
Wi-Fi Protected Setup™ is an optional certification program from the Wi-Fi
Alliance launched on January 2007 that is designed to ease the tasks of
configuring new wireless networks, adding new devices, setting up and
configuring security on wireless local area networks.
WPS allows users with minimal understanding of traditional Wi-Fi
configuration and security settings to configure new wireless networks, add
new devices, and enable security automatically.
D-Link WPS currently offers two easy setup solutions, PIN (Personal
Identification Number) and PBC (Push Button Configuration).
*802.11n is still in draft (version 2) and has not been ratified yet, so maximum range value may change
802.11n is released on June 2009 but has not been ratified yet although
many products have already use 802.11n standard. 802.11n is expected to
be approved in January 2010
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Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• Network Camera/Video Server
• Network Camera/Video Server
Dual Stream / Multi-Profile
•
Front End Storage
All the new cameras are featured with MPEG4 and MJPEG dual stream. It
can stream 2 different stream with independent compression, resolution and
frame rate. This will benefit end user to view the video from different site or
device
e.g. one from PC, one from mobile phone
Front end storage can store video at the camera for backup. It can stop
storing after the disk is full or continuously overwrite to keep the latest data.
Currently it supports CF card, SD card or Micro SD card.
Multi-profile means the IP camera can stream more than 2 streams. Some
of the new models support this feature.
•
e.g. Using CIF and MPEG4 for Web Viewing, QCIF and MPEG4 for 3G Mobile
Viewing, and D1 and MJPEG for Recording
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Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• Network Camera/Video Server
• Network Camera/Video Server
Megapixel Sensor
1.3 megapixel Camera provides up to 4 times higher resolution than common
VGA/D1 camera
NTSC D1(704x480 = 337,920) similar 0.3 Megapixel
PAL D1(704x576= 405,504) equals 0.4 Megapixel
Megapixel resolution provides details and clarity not seen on traditional analog and
VGA cameras, especially at the border of the object.
Megapixel
VGA
NTSC CIF(352x240 = 84,480) similar 0.08 Megapixel
PAL CIF(352x288= 101,376) equals 0.1 Megapixel
Currently only IP cameras that use digital compression and transmission
can achieve megapixel resolution. Higher resolutions are expected in the
future.
A common megapixel format is
•
•
Usually, only CIF resolution is used for recording:
•
•
Megapixel Sensor
Resolution means details of an image. For video surveillance applications,
to easily identify a criminal usually requires a high resolution image.
The maximum resolution of analog camera is:
•
•
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CMOS 1.3M(1280x1024=1,310,720) equals 1.3 Megapixel
CCD 1.3M(1280x960=1,228,800) similar 1.2 Megapixel
It’s 4 times higher than analog cameras!
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Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• Network Camera/Video Server
• Network Camera/Video Server
16x Digital Zoom
Motion Detection
1x ~ 16x digital zoom adjustable at VGA resolution
16x zoom size of 2mm
actual size of 36mm
Motion detection feature, if enabled, will trigger the IP camera to send the
snapshot/video clip to remote server (Email, FTP) or to record the event to local
storage.
How does motion detection in D-Link IP Camera works?
•
•
1x video @ VGA resolution
D-Link IP Cameras that support motion detection feature allow three different areas to be
monitored for motion detection.
Sensitivity and Percentage parameters must be defined in order for the motion detection of
the IP camera to work.
Figure B – How motion detection work
Figure A – Percentage Indicator
The left image is a 16x zoom image for 2mm
length. The right image is around 18 pcs of
2mm actual length.
16x digital zoom
Therefore, DCS-2121/2102 supports 16x
digital zoom
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Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• Network Camera/Video Server
• Network Camera/Video Server
Day & Night Solution - Light
Day & Night Solution – IR-Cut Filter
Light perception
•
•
46
Light is a form of radiation wave energy that exists in a spectrum. The human
eye can see, however, only a portion (between wavelengths of ~400 – 700
nanometers or nm).
The following illustration shows the wavelength where human eyes will not be
able to see: outside the range to the left of the BLUE color below 400nm is the
ultraviolet light, and outside the range to the right of the RED color above 700nm
is the infrared light.
IR cut coating in all camera
•
•
47
Normal camera with coating filter allows only visible light to pass through
Can’t see anything in night mode
48
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• Network Camera/Video Server
• Network Camera/Video Server
Day & Night Solution
Day & Night Solution – Dual Band
Infrared LED is usually used for night surveillance, with camera set to allow
Infrared (IR) light pass thru sensor to get night vision
Solution 1: With dual-band filter, cameras can be used during day time with
visible light as well as for night time with IR light (extra IR LED illuminator
required). This is the most entry level solution that can work in the day and
at night, but sometimes its side effect may affect picture color for day time.
Solution 2: With ICR (Infrared-Cut Removable filter) module, it can use 2
filters for day and night time to provide better color performance, but at a
higher cost.
Solution 3: Camera with built-in IR LED for illumination and dual-band or
ICR filter to provide advanced functionality, usually known as an all-in-one
camera.
Dual band coating to allow
visible light and IR
illumination to pass through.
Problem of dual band coating
• Sensors respond to both
visible light and infrared
light
• White balance algorithm
will be affected by the
infrared
• Image have color
problem in strong IR light
environment
Filter
glass.
49
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• Network Camera/Video Server
• Network Camera/Video Server
Day & Night Solution - ICR
Day & Night Solution – IR Camera
ICR (IR-Cut Removable) Lens
• Remove IR-cut filter during night time will give best results
• True day and night
• But more expensive
Without ICR
50
With ICR
Structure of IR Camera
•
With condenser, the distance of IR can reach up to two times further than
without.
IR LED
ICR Lens Module
Optical Condenser
51
52
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• Network Camera/Video Server
• Network Camera/Video Server
IP66 and IP44 (Environmental Certification)
•
•
Rule of IP Code – IP66 and IP44
The European Committee for Electro technical Standardization developed the Ingress
Protection (IP) ratings (CENELEC) (described in IEC/EN 60529), which specifies the
degrees of protection against the intrusion of solid objects to a piece of electrical
equipment or enclosures.
The way in which the index and classification works is as follows:
The IP will be made up of two numbers
IP first number
Protection against solid object
The first states the level of mechanical protection from thing such as dust and other solid
objects.
The second number indicates the degree of protection from water and other liquids.
Examples of this certification are IP code 66 (total protection against dust, and also
against heavy water spray) and IP code 44 (protection against solid object over 1 mm
and also against sprayed water from all direction).
IP second number
Protection against liquid
0
No Protection
0
No protection.
1
Protected against solid objects up to
50mm, e.g. accidental touch by hands.
1
Protection against vertically falling drops of water
e.g. condensation.
2
Protected against solid objects up to
12mm, e.g. fingers.
2
Protection against direct sprays of water up to
15° from the vertical.
3
Protected against solid objects over
2.5mm (tools and wires).
3
Protected against direct sprays of water up to 60°
from the vertical.
4
Protected against solid objects over 1mm
(tools, wire, and small wires).
4
Protection against water sprayed from all
directions. limited ingress permitted.
5
Protected against dust limited ingress (no
harmful deposit).
5
Protected against low pressure jets of water from
all directions. limited ingress.
6
Totally protected against dust.
6
Protected against low pressure jets of water, e.g.
for use on ship decks - limited ingress permitted.
7
Protected against the effect of immersion
between 15cm and 1m.
8
Protects against long periods of immersion
under pressure.
53
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• Network Camera/Video Server
• Network Camera/Video Server
Wired-in Bracket
54
Vari-focal adjustment with outdoor housing
Wire-in bracket is designed to secure the camera’s wire and prevent it from
damage
55
The focus and zoom control are located at the external of the enclosure for
ease of adjustment.
56
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• Network Camera/Video Server
• Network Camera/Video Server
Dome Type Network Camera
•
•
•
Video Server (Encoder)
Fixed Dome
Usually for indoor use only and normally all cables are hidden behind ceiling,
which means a hole will need to be drilled through to cater for cable. In some
cases, a big hole may be required, especially for in-ceiling installation, depending
on the different options of dome camera and application selected.
Very popular in normal security application
Fixed dome usually uses fixed focus lens, but it also has vari-focal lens for option.
Vari-focal lens can provide easier installation selection because the board lens of
dome camera is not like CS/C mount lens, and it is not changeable.
P / T / (Z)
•
•
•
Speed dome is a high-end dome with complex mechanical design and zoom
function. It usually has endless pan and auto flip tilt for wide range surveillance.
Depending on the different pan speed and optical zoom required, the camera can
be selected from a range of categories.
High speed dome usually uses a keyboard to control multiple cameras through
RS-485 serial connection and is identified by a different ID. Preset position is for
continuous patrol.
High-end models have private mask to protect personal privacy, and anti-vibration
to avoid wind and floor vibration. Latest feature includes object auto tracking.
CCTV (Analog
Camera)
Video
Server
Internet
Remote User
IP Camera
57
58
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• Network Camera/Video Server
• Network Camera/Video Server
Wide Dynamic Range (WDR)
A video server (also referred to as video encoder) digitizes analog video signals and
sends digital images directly over an IP network, such as a LAN, intranet or Internet
It turns an analog video system into a network video system and enables users to view
live images using a Web browser or a video management software on any local or
remote computer on a network
It allows authorized viewers from different locations to simultaneously access images
from the same analog camera as well as network cameras if they are added to the
system
The Video Server is suitable as a solution for targeting the market which has existing
analog CCTV cameras and looking into converting its CCTV into an IP-compatible
surveillance system to provide users with remote access for video imaging through the
LAN, Intranet or Internet.
WDR Application
WDR is a new sensor technology for handling extreme variations of bright and dark
conditions within the same scene, allowing it to function like the human eye which
quickly adjusts to changing lighting conditions.
WDR sensor is capable of capturing both the dark and bright areas of a scene to
combine the differences and generate a highly realistic image as the real scene.
As it preserves as much information within the video as possible, the WDR camera is
able to provide video quality close to the capabilities of the human eye.
It is largely applied in highly contrast environments such as lobby entrances, parking
lots, ATM, loading areas and much more.
Normal Camera
59
WDR Camera
60
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• Network Camera/Video Server
• Network Camera/Video Server
Digital Input/Digital Output (DI/DO)
RS-485
The following is a list of external devices that can be connected to the I/O
connector of the D-Link IP Camera.
•
DI interface:
•
– Siren/Alarm relays
– PIR Motion Sensor
– Temperature sensor
– Simple on/off switch
DO interface:
– External light (Illuminator, etc)
– Any relayed control device
RS-485 is a serial data communication protocol that allows multiple PTZ
cameras on the same twisted pair cable to connect via serial connection for
control from one camera to the next
RS-485 offers high data transmission speeds (Up to 35Mbps on 10 meters
distance and up to 100Kbps on 1200 meters distance) and is able to cover
relatively long distances (approximately 1200 meters)
When included with an IP camera, the RS-485 interface can be used for
connecting the IP Camera to an external PTZ scanner
61
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• Network Camera/Video Server
• Network Video Recorder
Event Triggered Recording
Various Features & Multiple Recording Schedules
With event-based recording feature
enabled, D-Link IP camera will
automatically start recording every time
specific event set by administrator
occurs
Four types of event can trigger D-Link
IP Camera to run an action as specified
by the administrator such as to start
recording. The events are:
•
•
•
•
62
Motion detection
Digital input of external devices (e.g. PIR
motion sensor, alarm relays)
Periodic schedule
– Specifies the duration for action
trigger to send out email of
captured image for scheduled event
System boot
– System will trigger camera to run
the specified action at boot-up
63
Many recording options for different applications
Flexible drag and drop interface
Easy to understand, yet very comprehensive
User can simply select “always recording” for continuous recording
If you just want the cameras to record during office off hours or every
morning, you can set it accordingly
Every camera can be setup for daily or weekly schedule independently
Options for “always recording” and “event recording” available for daily
scheduling
Multiple schedules on a single day is possible (DNS-722-4 only supports
always or manual recording)
64
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
•Network Video Recorder
• Network Video Recorder
Multiple Recording Schedules
Recording Auto Overwrite and Store Video
NVR has an option to overwrite the oldest data automatically when the HDD
space runs out. This feature allows uninterrupted non-stop security
recording.
D-Link NVR supports 2 mechanism in storing and overwriting video:
•
•
Automatic Overwrite
Store Videos
Day 4
Day 3
Day 3
Day 3
Day 6
Day 2
Day 5
Day 5
Day 1
Day 4
Automatic
Overwrite
Store video
for 3 days
Store for
3 days &
Overwrite
65
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• Network Video Recorder
• Network Video Recorder
Auto Boot After Power Recovery
66
AVI/ASF Outputs
D-Link NVR will boot up automatically once the power is recovered after a
power outage
This feature minimizes the need for administrator’s intervention to recover
the IP surveillance system after power outage
D-Link NVR’s auto boot feature will operate normally like before the power
outage occurrence
67
D-Link NVR allows users to
export video for their
documentation or reference in
two output formats: avi and
asf.
The recommended format for
exporting video is asf. The avi
format will produce a higher
bit rate but will not include the
timestamp. The asf format on
the other hand will transpose
a timestamp on the exported
video.
68
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• Network Video Recorder
• Network Video Recorder
Smart Search
Multiple Channel Playback
Searching for a recorded event
is time consuming and
frustrating task for users
D-Link NVR’s smart search
function makes detecting
notable event easier
By selecting a target area on
the video and setting search
sensitivity, the smart search will
traverse the video database
based on specified search
criteria to locate noteworthy
unusual events
Search criterion include options
such as motion detection,
missing or abandoned object,
lose focus or camera occlusion.
Target Area
D-Link NVR allows users to search and playback recorded video. DNS726-4 supports 4 channel simultaneous playback on a screen. DNS-722-4
supports 1 channel.
Snapshot
Export Video
Playback Speed
Cue In and Cue Out
Digital Zoom
69
70
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• D-ViewCam
• D-ViewCam
System Requirement
System Features
Surveillance software works with D-Link network cameras to provide video
monitoring, recording and event management functions
P4 Dual Core
1.8GHz or better
Supports all current D-Link IP cameras
1 GB
1-2 GB
Supports up to 32 cameras
80
120
Free bundled software
Designed for home user and SMB
Intelligent filter and search capabilities for scheduling recording and/or event
recording
Automatically locate and add IP cameras in the local network
Number of IP-cam
1-4
5-9
10-16
16+
CPU
P4 2.8GHz
P4 2.8GHz
P4 3.0GHz
Memory
512 MB
512 MB
Hard Disk Size (GB)
40
60
Display Memory
32 MB
Display Resolution
1024x768; 1280x1024; 1600x1024
Operating System
Windows XP Professional Service Pack 2 English/ Traditional
Chinese/ Simplified Chinese version.
Windows Vista English/ Traditional Chinese/ Simplified Chinese
32 bit version.
Network Interface
10/100 Mbps Ethernet
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72
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• D-ViewCam
• D-ViewCam
System Features
Monitoring
For user intuitive setting interface
Preview window
Area No
Assists central management
Map and device tree
Operates it intuitively
D-ViewCam v2.0
Intuitive design
Guides management step by step
Comprehensive instructions
eMap function
Map to show camera location
Detailed configuration
Expert mode
Wizard mode
Quick and easy configuration
Auto-discover
Quickly set up LAN cameras
Area Name
1
Main Display Area
2
System Board Area
3
Select Device and Map
Area
4
Preview Window Area
5
Split Screen Area
6
Manual Control Area
7
PTZF Control Area
8
Program Control Area
9
Setting and Search
Area
10
Event Action Log
D-ViewCam v1.x
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74
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• D-ViewCam
• D-ViewCam
Configuration
Configuration – Wizard Mode
D-ViewCam application is designed to provide simplicity in setting up and
operating the IP surveillance system
Wizard mode allows users to set up a D-ViewCam system simply and
quickly
D-ViewCam provides two configuration modes, wizard mode and expert
mode
There are 3 wizards that can be used by users in wizard mode:
Users can switch between the two modes at the same time
Wizard mode is used for setting up basic configuration and function of IP
surveillance system
•
•
•
Add Camera Wizard
System backup Wizard
Quick Setting Wizard
Add Camera Wizard
System Backup Wizard
Quick Setting Wizard
Expert mode provides users with wider range of configuration options,
including advanced configurations
75
76
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• D-ViewCam
• D-ViewCam
Configuration – Expert Mode
Management
1. Node Selection and
Preview Area
2. Operation Area
1
2
Event Action
Event action is a feature that allows users to set the device to take specific
action when a particular event occurs.
There are two types of event action:
•
3. Instruction Area
4. Button Area
•
3
System Event Action
users can set event action for Recording Path Error or Disk Full system event
Device Event Action
users can set event action for device event such as image motion detected,
sensor alarm detected and video lost.
User Management
D-ViewCam provides 5 user accounts, 1 administrator account and 4
normal user accounts. The administrator can create, delete and manage up
to 4 normal user accounts.
4
77
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• D-ViewCam
• D-ViewCam
Management
78
Adaptation
Map
Map is a tree format device list that assists and helps users manage
devices in a simple and easy way. My Map is the default map for the
system. Users can build their own map, add it to My Map and place the
devices into the map for easy management.
79
Language can be changed without reinstallation. Currently D-ViewCam
supportd English, Chinese Traditional, and Chinese Simplified for system
language
80
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• D-ViewCam
• D-ViewCam
Recording
Data Searching, Exporting and Playback
Simultaneous recording and playback
D-ViewCam can record and perform playback at the same time
Flexible recording mode
•
•
•
Video search and playback function provide the mechanism to query and
select video, based on device, date, time and event.
The result can be displayed in thumbnails or list type, and users can
playback, transfer or backup the video.
Schedule Recording
Event Recording
Manual Recording
Optional configuration
•
•
Economic Recording
Pre and Post Alarm Recording
81
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• D-ViewCam
• Summary
Data Searching, Exporting and Playback
82
Summary
During playback, users can locate important events in recorded video using
a motion histogram, and can choose to export the video into avi video file.
Video data can be exported manually or automatically for backup daily to
secure your system and data.
D-Link IP Camera as part of D-Link IP surveillance solution is equipped with
complete features to adapt and perform its function in almost every
condition. Some of the advanced features supported by D-Link IP camera
are:
•
Motion
Histogram
•
•
•
•
83
PoE (Power over Ethernet), which gives users the flexibility to place the camera
anywhere without worrying about power source for the camera
Wireless support, which provides flexibility of deployment for the IP camera
IP66 certified waterproof casing for outdoor deployment
Megapixel sensor for high quality image
IR-cut removable filter and infrared LED to help cameras produce optimal quality
image for normal light and low light condition
84
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• Summary
• Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution Q&A
Summary
•
•
Questions and Answers
1. What does IP66 of European Committee for Electro technical standardization
means?
a. protection against low pressure jets’ water and total protection against dust
b. protection against low pressure jets’ water and dust limited ingress
c. protection against vertical falling drops of water and total protection against dust
d. protection against vertical falling drops of water and protection against dust limited
ingress
Combined with D-Link IP cameras, D-Link NVR (Network Video Recorder)
provides comprehensive IP surveillance system with video display,
management and storage function. Some major features of D-Link NVR are:
Intelligent playback that allows user to search event easily by using options such
as motion detection, missing object, lost focus or camera occlusion
Extensive recording functionality that allows users to flexibly configure recording
method, based on schedule or specific triggers and also configure how to store
the recorded video
2. What are the two configuration modes that can be used in D-ViewCam? (choose two)
a. wizard mode
b. expert mode
c. network mode
d. express mode
e. auto mode
D-ViewCam is an IP surveillance software for central management of
multiple IP Cameras (up to 32 IP cameras). D-ViewCam offers users with a
wide range of advanced IP surveillance features, including system
monitoring, various modes of configuration (wizard and expert mode), video
recording and playback, event action, and user management
85
86
Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution
• Major Features of IP Surveillance Solution Q&A
Questions and Answers
3. How does Wide Dynamic Range (WDR) technology work?
a. It uses two shutter speeds, high and normal, in alternative video fields and
combines these two fields into one frame
b. It opens the iris when the captured object is very dark and closes the iris when the
captured object is very bright
c. It provides a wide range sensor built inside the camera to enable production of very
high dimensional image
d. It works by compensating the excessive lights directed at the camera which can
cause the video to bloom or images in the front of the light to become too dark
DCS – IP Surveillance
IP Surveillance Essential
4. Which one of the following is not an event that can trigger D-Link IP camera to run an
action?
a. system shutdown
b. motion detection
c. digital input of external device
d. periodic schedule
e. system boot
87
88
IP Surveillance Essential
• Resolution
Resolution
Compression
Audio
Lens Elements
NTSC and PAL
Recorded video is composed of scan lines. These lines can be displayed in two ways:
There are two analog video standard resolutions:
•
•
•
•
D1 720 x 480
Image Sensors
Image Processing
Light Sensitivity
Interlaced scan
Progressive scan
NTSC (National Television System Committee)
PAL (Phase Alternating Line)
D1 720 x 576
Contents
4CIF 704 x 480
4CIF 704 x 576
2CIF 704 x 288
2CIF 704 x 240
CIF 352 x 288
CIF 352 x 240
QCIF 176 x 144
QCIF 176 x 120
PAL Image Resolutions
NTSC Image Resolutions
89
IP Surveillance Essential
IP Surveillance Essential
• Resolution
• Resolution
VGA Resolutions
90
Megapixel Resolution
VGA (Video Graphics Array) is a display system for PC developed by IBM.
VGA resolution is 640x480 pixels with 16 or 256 colors which is usually
used by non-megapixel camera.
All PC display adapters support VGA resolution thus VGA resolution is
suitable for network camera because square pixels in the video image
produced by the camera match the square pixels on the computer screens.
Display Format
Pixels
Pixel is a tiny square of color, the smallest component of a digital image.
One megapixel consists of a million of individual pixel.
A camera with megapixel resolution has a megapixel sensor that can
produce an image using a million or more pixels in it.
The more pixels a sensor has, the more details and higher quality the image
can be produced.
Details of image produced by the camera is one of the most important
aspects in surveillance system.
QVGA (SIF)
320 x 240
VGA
640 x 480
Display format
No. of megapixels
Pixels
SVGA
800 x 600
SXGA
1.3 megapixels
1280 x 1024
UXGA
1.9 megapixel
1600 x 1200
XVGA
1024 x 768
4x VGA
1280 x 960
SXGA
1280 x 1024
91
92
IP Surveillance Essential
IP Surveillance Essential
• Compression
• Compression
Video Compression
Video Codec
Uncompressed or raw video data consumes very large amount of data
storage and requires high bandwidth to transmit.
Video compression is a technique to reduce or remove some quantity of
video data with acceptable quality so that the digital video can be stored or
sent in an efficient size.
There are many compression technologies available in the market which
may be proprietary or following industry standard. Most network vendors
use standard compression technique to ensure compatibility and
interoperability.
Video Codec (encoder/decoder) is a pair of algorithms used for
compressing and/or decompressing digital video.
Different algorithms can be implemented in the same hardware or software
which will allow multiple formats to coexist. Different algorithms however
may not be compatible with each other, and video compressed with one
algorithm usually cannot be decompressed using a different algorithm.
Some of the commonly used video codec include:
•
•
•
•
MPEG-1 : used for Video CDs
MPEG-2 : used for DVD, SVCD and most digital video broadcasting and cable
distribution system
MPEG-4 : used for Internet, broadcast and storage media
WMV: Microsoft’s family of video codec designs
93
IP Surveillance Essential
IP Surveillance Essential
• Compression
• Compression
Motion JPEG
94
MPEG-4
Motion JPEG is a digital video sequence format that consist of a series of
individual JPEG image. A series of image frames is considered as a motion
video if 16 image frames or more are shown in one second. 30 (NTSC) or
25 (PAL) frames per second will be recognized as full motion video.
Each image frame in the video sequence should have the same quality
depending on the compression level. The higher the compression level, the
lower the image quality and file size.
MPEG-4 is one of the licensed standard developed by MPEG (Moving Picture
Experts Group), a committee formed by ISO to set standard for audio and video
compression.
One of the main advantage of MPEG-4 is that MPEG-4 offers high quality image with
minimum file size thus MPEG-4 is suitable for low bandwidth application that requires
high quality images.
MPEG-4 uses an algorithm that compares a frame with its reference frame and only
pixels that are different from the reference frame are coded.
Transmitted
Not Transmitted
Frame 1
Frame 2
Frame 3
95
96
IP Surveillance Essential
IP Surveillance Essential
• Compression
• Compression
H.264
Compression Format Comparison
H.264, also known as MPEG-4 part 10/AVC, is the latest MPEG video compression
standard. Without affecting image quality, H.264 can reduce the size of a digital video
file by more than 80% as compared with motion JPEG format, and by more than 50%
as compared with MPEG-4 standard.
H.264 delivers excellent video quality across an entire bandwidth spectrum from 3G
to HD and everything in between (from 40 Kbps to upwards of 10 Mbps).
The improved compression performance of H.264 comes at the price of greater
computational cost. H.264 is more sophisticated than earlier compression methods.
The highly efficient compression technology of H.264 is expected to support the
adaptation of higher performance network cameras such as megapixel camera.
Video Compression Type
MJPEG
MPEG-4
No
Yes
Yes
1800KBps
60KBps
60KBps
Stream size @ 2fps D1
60KBps
50KBps
50KBps
Compression quality
Standard
Good
Excellent
Low
Medium
High
Security
surveillance
DVD, Digital TV,
Satellite TV, Personal
video recorders, mobile
streaming, internet
streaming, camcorders
Security surveillance,
video phone, video
conferencing, digital
TV, satellite TV, mobile
streaming
Low bit rate streams
Stream size @ 30fps D1
Computational
requirement
Applications
MPEG-2
MPEG-4
H.264
H.264
97
IP Surveillance Essential
IP Surveillance Essential
• Compression
• Audio
Frame Rate
98
Audio Support
Frame rate is the measurement of number of frames or images that an
imaging device produces in one second.
Video with higher frame rate has a higher quality image and smoother
object movement, but has a larger file size.
NTSC frame rate is 60 interlaced field per second or approximately 29.87
frame per second. (2 fields will combine into 1 frame)
PAL frame rate is 50 interlaced field per second or 25 frame per second. (2
fields will combine into 1 frame).
In traditional analog surveillance system, implementation of audio support
needs two separate cables for audio and video data.
IP surveillance supports audio implementation in the system. IP camera
with audio support can process and send both audio and video data over
the same IP network infrastructure for monitoring, recording or any other
audio/video processing.
Analog Surveillance System
Video Stream
Monitor
Analog Camera
DVR
Audio Stream
IP Surveillance System
IP Network
Video Stream
Audio Stream
IP Camera
99
Management Server
100
IP Surveillance Essential
IP Surveillance Essential
• Audio
• Lens Elements
Audio Compression – Audio Codec
•
There are three types of surveillance camera’s field of view:
•
Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) is a standardized encoding mechanism for digital
audio that uses lossy compression. AAC generally offers better sound quality
than MP3 at many bit rates. AAC encoding compresses more efficiently and thus
produces higher quality audio with smaller file sizes.
•
Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR)
•
Field of View
Advanced Audio Coding (AAC)
•
Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) is an audio data compression scheme optimized for
speech coding. AMR is now widely used in GSM and UMTS. It uses link
adaptation to select from one of eight different bit rates based on link conditions.
Normal View
Normal view offers the same field of view with human eye.
Telephoto
Telephoto offers narrower field of view as compared to human eye, but better details of
image. This type of view is usually used for small or far surveillance object.
Wide Angle
Wide angle offers wider field of view as compared to human eye, but lesser details of image.
This type is usually used for viewing larger areas of surveillance.
Adaptive Differential Pulse-Code Modulation (ADPCM)
•
ADPCM (adaptive differential pulse-code modulation) is a technique for
converting sound or analog information to digital information by taking frequent
samples of the sound and converting the value of the sampled sound modulation
in binary terms. ADPCM is used to send sound on fiber-optic long-distance lines
to store sound together with text, images, and codes to CD-ROM or other media.
Wide Angle
Normal View
Telephoto
101
IP Surveillance Essential
IP Surveillance Essential
• Lens Elements
• Lens Elements
Field of View
Matching Lens and Sensor
There are three types of lens categorized based on how their field of view is
adjusted:
•
•
•
102
Fixed lens
This type of lens provides fixed focal length and only supports one field of view,
either of telephoto, normal or wide angle, and is usually designed for optimal
resolution. A fixed IP camera usually has 4 mm focal length.
Verifocal lens
This type of lens provides a variety of vocal length and supports different fields of
view. A verifocal IP camera offers a range of 3 mm to 8 mm focal length. One
limitation of such lens is that users need to manually refocus the lens every time
they change the field of view of the camera.
Zoom lens
Similar to verifocal lens, Zoom lens gives users the flexibility of adjusting the
focal length and field of view. With zoom lens, users do not need to refocus the
lens when they adjust the focal length. A lens zoom capability is the ratio
between the lens’ shortest and longest focal length, for example in the case of an
8x-zoom, the shortest focal length will be 6 mm and the longest 48 mm.
When an IP camera offers an exchangeable lens feature, selecting a
suitable lens for the camera is one of the most important factor in order to
fully utilize the camera’s capability.
If a smaller lens is used instead of the one that actually fits the image
sensor of the camera, the resulting image will have black corners (Left
Image below). If a larger lens is used instead of the one that actually fits the
image sensor of the camera, it will not fully utilize the lens’ field of view
(Right Image below), and will have a smaller field of field than the lens’
capability.
1/2” Sensor
Black
Corner
103
1/3” Lens
1/2” Sensor
1/2” Lens
1/2” Sensor
2/3” Lens
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IP Surveillance Essential
IP Surveillance Essential
• Lens Elements
• Lens Elements
F-Number & Exposure
Manual or Automatic Iris
F-Number, also known as focal ratio, define light-gathering ability of a lens –
the amount of light allowed to pass through the lens.
F-Number, f/#, is the ratio of lens’ focus length to diameter of the lens
aperture.
f/# = N = f/D
•
f is focal length, and D is diameter of lens’ aperture. Common F-number on
a lens are f/1, f/2, f/4, f/8, etc.
The lower the f-number, the more light can pass through the lens. This kind
of lens perform better and produce higher quality image in low-light situation
compared to lens with higher f-number.
F-number
f1.0
f1.2
f1.4
f1.7
f2.8
f4.0
f5.6
% of light passed
20%
14.14%
10%
7.07%
2.5%
1.25%
0.625%
In camera, a diaphragm is an opaque structure with an aperture in its center
to limit the amount of light that passes through the lens. Most of modern
cameras use adjustable diaphragm called an iris diaphragm or often
referred as an iris.
Manual Iris
•
Lens with manual iris usually provides either a ring for users to manually adjust
the iris, or the iris is fixed at a specific f-number.
Manual iris lens is most suitable for environments with constant light level such
as indoor environments.
Automatic Iris
•
•
Lens with automatic iris, the aperture of the iris is automatically adjusted and
controlled by the camera processor to maintain optimum light level to the image
sensor. Generally, camera processor controls the automatic iris via direct current
(DC) thus automatic iris is also known as DC-iris.
Automatic iris lens is most suitable for outdoor environment where the light level
is constantly changing.
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IP Surveillance Essential
IP Surveillance Essential
• Image Sensors
• Image Sensors
CCD Technology
106
CMOS Technology
CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) sensor is a mature sensor technology that
has been used in cameras.
Special process is used in CCDs manufacturing to create the ability of CCD
to transmit charge across the chip without distortion thus CCD has better
light sensitivity and produces less noise image than CMOS sensors.
CCD complex process consumes a lot more power, as much as 100 times
more power than CMOS sensor.
107
Compared to CCD sensors, CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)
sensors offers more integration and functionality on the chip, with lower power
dissipation at chip level, and faster readout, which are important advantages for
producing high quality image.
CMOS is cheaper as compared to CCD sensor because the chip can be fabricated
on almost any standard silicon production line.
Light sensitivity of CMOS sensors is lower than CCD sensors because each pixel on
a CMOS sensor has several transistors located next to it, thus many of the photos hit
the transistors instead of the photodiode.
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IP Surveillance Essential
IP Surveillance Essential
• Image Processing
• Image Processing
Image/Video Control – 3A Support
Wide Dynamic Range (WDR)
Automatic Electronic Shutter (AES) – Feature that automatically adjust exposure time
according to the environment light and catch fast moving object to ensure image
clarity.
Automatic Gain Control (AGC) – Electronic circuit that amplifies the video signal when
the strength of the signal falls below a given value.
Automatic White Balance (AWB) – Technology that balances the image colors
against a light color object in the camera's view.
Correct White Balance
Wide Dynamic Range Technology uses two shutter speeds, high and normal, in
alternative video fields and combines these two fields into one frame. This will allow
details to be captured accurately even if one area is bright and another is dark by
combining the fields to one frame, thus yielding higher quality images.
Original Image
BLC
WDR
Incorrect White Balance
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IP Surveillance Essential
IP Surveillance Essential
• Light Sensitivity
• Summary
Light Sensitivity
110
Summary
Light sensitivity of a surveillance camera is the illuminance level, measured in lux, at
which the camera produces a satisfactory image.
The lower the lux rating, the more sensitive is the camera to the light. A camera with
lower lux rating will perform better in low-light condition.
Generally, the camera needs at least 200 lux to produce a good quality image. With
more light on the object, the camera will produce the better image.
Illuminance
Light environment
32000 – 130000 lux
Direct sunlight
10000 – 25000 lux
Daylight – non direct sun
320 – 500 lux
Recommended office lighting
80 lux
Hallway / toilet
0.27 lux
Full moon on a clear night
111
A surveillance camera is generally built up of several components such as
lens, filter, image sensor, compression chip, CPU, memory, and interfaces.
Some IP cameras may have more components as they have certain
specialized capabilities.
Some of the things that should be considered when choosing an IP camera
are lens type, lens mount standard, filter, image sensor, illumination and
resolution, because these can affect image quality.
Lens type is important because there are various types of lens for
surveillance solutions designed differently to meet special purpose, such as
monofocal lens, varifocal lens, and zoom lens.
Image Sensor of an IP Camera should also be considered when choosing
an IP Camera, depending on the needs. Image sensor comprises of two
different type: CCD or CMOS.
Illumination rating is very important for video surveillance. This is used to
determine the amount of reflected light needed to produce a usable picture.
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IP Surveillance Essential
IP Surveillance Essential
• Summary
• IP Surveillance Essential Q&A
Summary
Questions and Answers
Resolution specifies how much details an image can hold. The greater the
resolution, the higher the level of details and image quality.
Compression are often performed for practical reasons to reduce the space
required for storage of large amount of data. Data compression can use
either lossy compression mechanism or lossless compression mechanism
to reduce the size of data, while at the same time providing good quality of
source.
Compression standards include MJPEG, MPEG-4, and H.264 for video
data, and AMR, AAC, ADPCM for audio data.
1. What is one of the many advantages of CCD sensor over CMOS sensor?
a. CCD sensors create high quality and low noise images while CMOS
sensors are more susceptible to noise.
b. CCD sensors relatively need more effort to design the chip architecture,
while designing CMOS sensors are much easier.
c. CCD sensors show significant efficiency in power consumption as
compared to CMOS sensors which consumes more power.
d. CCD chips are extremely inexpensive as compared to CMOS sensor
because of its simple design of chip architecture.
2. Which of the following is the right sequence of video compression
computational requirement from the lowest to the highest?
a. MJPEG - MPEG-4 - H.264
b. H.264 – MPEG-4 – MJPEG
c. MPEG-4 – H.264 – MJPEG
d. MJPEG – H.264 – MPEG-4
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114
IP Surveillance Essential
• IP Surveillance Essential Q&A
Questions and Answers
3. Which of the following are codecs used for audio compression? Choose
three.
a. AMR
b. ADPCM
c. AAC
d. AVC
4. What is the function of an image sensor inside a surveillance camera?
a. An image sensor captures the image that is seen through the lens by
registering the location, color, and intensity of light.
b. An image sensor is used to selectively transmit lights that meet some
particular parameter, while blocking the remainder.
c. Image sensor controls and coordinates the camera’s components.
d. An image sensor receives the digital signal captured by the camera and
compresses it into a chosen standard.
DCS – IP Surveillance
IP Networking Essential
115
116
IP Networking Essential
• Local Area Network
Contents
Local Area Network
The Internet
Network Security
802.11 WLAN
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)
UPnP networking technology provides automatic IP configuration and
dynamic discovery of devices added to a network.
Services and capabilities offered by network devices, such as printing and
file sharing, can be made available to those connected to the network
without bothersome configuration.
With UPnP capability in D-Link IP Camera, the IP camera will be able to
work immediately once it is plugged in to the network with basic preconfiguration of device.
D-Link IP Camera by default provides basic IP configuration, user
administrator name and password to first login to the device setup page,
etc.
117
IP Networking Essential
IP Networking Essential
• Local Area Network
• The Internet
Streaming Technologies
IP Address Assignment
What is Streaming?
•
Streaming provides the ability to grab multimedia data (i.e. audio, video, and other types of
multimedia) from a source or a streaming provider to deliver to the end user, which in the
following illustration, is the user's computer.
DHCP
•
Different technologies for data streaming:
•
•
•
118
Static IP Client (Manual IP address assignment)
•
RTP (Real-time Transfer Protocol)
RTCP (Real Time Control Protocol)
RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol)
D-Link IP camera supports DHCP. When the DHCP option is chosen, D-Link IP
Cameras can be set to receive dynamic IP addresses from the DHCP server.
When this option is chosen, the administrator will have to manually configure the
IP address and other related parameters, such as subnet mask, default gateway,
primary and secondary DNS, to assign them to the IP Camera.
Client in the network streams
multimedia data from the
multimedia server
Client
Internal
Multimedia server
Switch
Gigabit uplink to internal
multimedia server
Client
119
120
IP Networking Essential
IP Networking Essential
• The Internet
• The Internet
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPPoE)
Dynamic DNS (DDNS)
PPPoE is used mainly with ADSL services, where individual users connect to ADSL
transceiver (modem) over Ethernet or plain Metro Ethernet networks.
What is DDNS?
•
Dynamic DNS (Domain Name Service) is a feature where a device with dynamic
IP address can have its DNS hosted so users can access the device over the
Internet using the DNS name (e.g. ip-camera.dlink.com) instead of using the IP
address, which is more difficult to remember.
How to?
•
•
D-Link provides a tool in its IP Camera configuration software to enable DDNS
hosting facility.
Customers can alternatively register directly with DynDNS.com to use DDNS.
121
IP Networking Essential
IP Networking Essential
• Network Security
• 802.11 WLAN
Username and Password Authentication
122
Wireless Standards
Username and password authentication is the basic method of
authentication to protect access of data and network devices from
unauthorized access
D-Link includes username and password authentication method in all of its
IP surveillance product (D-Link IP camera, D-ViewCam, D-Link NVR)
802.11g
•
•
•
802.11n
•
•
IP Camera authentication
NVR authentication
802.11g is a wireless networking standard that works in 2.4 GHz band with
maximum data rate of 54 Mbps.
802.11g works in the same frequency with 802.11b thus both 802.11g and
802.11b hardware are fully backward compatible.
Although works in the same frequency with 802.11b, 802.11g offers higher data
rate because it uses OFDM modulation, the same modulation used by 802.11a
standard.
802.11n is the latest wireless networking standard that significantly improve
wireless network performance.
802.11n works in both 2.4GHz and 5 GHz frequency and offers maximum data
rate of 600 Mbps
D-ViewCam authentication
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IP Networking Essential
IP Networking Essential
• Summary
• IP Networking Essential Q&A
Summary
Questions and Answers
Ethernet is the most widely used physical and link layer protocol. Fast
Ethernet provides transmit rate up to 100 Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet
provides transmit rate up to 1 Gbps.
Power over Ethernet provides the capability of delivering electrical power
over the same network cable of a device for sending data traffic.
Streaming is the ability of viewing multimedia data while it is being delivered
by a streaming provider. There are three types of streaming technology:
RTP, RTCP, and RTSP.
In general, D-Link IP Cameras support UPnP feature that provides
automatic IP configuration and dynamic discovery of devices when added to
a network so that it can work immediately.
PPPoE is a layer 2 protocol often used for connecting to the Internet using
ADSL services. This protocol should be configured in the IP Camera.
Dynamic DNS (Domain Name Service) is a feature where a device with
dynamic IP address can have its DNS hosted.
1. Which of the following are the technology used for data streaming? (Choose
three)
a. RTP
b. RTCP
c. RTSP
d. RSTP
e. STP
2. At which layer does PPPoE work?
a. Layer 2
b. Layer 3
c. Layer 4
d. Layer 5
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IP Networking Essential
• IP Networking Essential Q&A
Questions and Answers
3. Which of the following wireless standard works in both 2.4GHz and 5GHz
frequency?
a. 802.11n
b. 802.11a
c. 802.11b
d. 802.11g
DCS – IP Surveillance
Appendix – Bandwidth &
Storage Consideration
127
128
Appendix – Bandwidth & Storage Considerations
• Bandwidth Needs
Contents
Bandwidth Needs
Bandwidth Needs
Calculating Storage Needs
129
Appendix – Bandwidth & Storage Considerations
• Calculating Storage Needs
Calculating Storage Needs
H.264 and MPEG-4 calculation
•
Mega bit per hour = approx. bit rate x 3600s
Compression
Type
Resolution
Approx. bit rate
(Kbps)
H.264
Mega Byte per
hour
49.5
CIF
110
396
4CIF
600
2160
270
CIF
170
612
76.5
4CIF
880
3168
396
MPEG-4
Mega bit per
hour
M-JPEG calculation
•
Mega bit per hour = image size x frame per second x 3600s
Resolution
Image size (Kb)
Frames per
second
Mega bit per
hour
Mega Byte per
hour
CIF
104
15
5616
702
4CIF
320
15
17280
2160
131
IP Surveillance system with less than 10 IP cameras can be implemented in
100 Mbps network without having to consider bandwidth limitation.
Implementing more than 10 IP cameras using gigabit backbone connection
will provide better performance and prevent the IP surveillance system from
overwhelming the network. This is because high quality image with high
frame rate used by the IP Camera can use up to more than 2 to 3 Mbps of
network bandwidth.
130