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COMPASS EXH. 1005 – Page 1 of 21
Candidate Search Update
May 20, 1985
FilE: RCSIImcs
SEARCH DATE: 5120185
~ SpIel/dora Gourmet Baby Foods
3
SIZE ~ 5{)()~ Emplnycl'.S
Winnetka ,1\linois
LOCA n ON REQ.wDcuoiJ
Doar Mr. Holm:
As a busy exeCIJtive you know Ihal accomplishing your many professional
RELOCATAB Lf:. .. Yo:,r
Hayden. Stcvo!
Ob!ecti;~~ \I~: 1~~-~~nOgj~~~ neod Is to lake lime out of y~ur hectic ~~O~~I~1 to
E xpe rien ce
1978-Prcsent
Pinl.-Pinz Baby Food
1976-1978
J-Icath Baby Products
1984-Prescnt
Liz for Kids
1982-1984
Bonnie Babe, Inc.
$48,000
West, Nick
Age
Harvard
MBNMktg.
33
~~U~/MarkCl jng
26
1979- Prcscnt
~XLNSOCiOJ ogy
Nummy Tummies
Harvard MBA
1977- Prescnt
Camille Grocers. Ltd.
[974- 1977
Georgie Porgie of
London
1961 - Present
Bonnie Babe, Inc.
~\ayer. T~al's 7~O:w~ than 5,000,
search for a new team
We're a luU-servlce recrtnlmen
'" \
75
OxfordiMarkcling
$47,000
UCLA MBNMktg.
35
r
I~ SUCCESSFUL PlACEMENTsJ
so
~0
n.
moticulously selected, aggr~~siva ambitious, highly-quallhod
prOI~ssionalS nol unlike y~ursOIt.
P"C'~~;
,::::~~,,~~~:","g
candidates who not only ~eel
."
your specified work expononco
:zs
and salary requirements, but who
w,1I ,,;led to Ih' CO'p",IO
1981 1982 1<)83
19M
culture 01 your company.
.
h h' hesl succass rate in Ihe industryl
Ono more reaso.n we enjoy I ~~~t competitive in the industry.
Though our fees remam ~mong Ih? lormation on our client references. case
Enclosed, pleaso fmd more In
din
leasure
\SJ
t~C'?~~19b19 Products
Morrison . John
Education
histone:n~~e~\~~eo~:~~~:~~~~~f~~:: wit~ ~n empty' swivel chair. don't
32
-
-
:-,
- --
-
- --
-
,
o
5~
Experience
,
-
3
-
---
,
-
---
,
-
-
---
:tIJ
o
3 --
,
Cynthia Shern
Senior Associate
,
CS :dh
Usillg dalabase 1Il(II/agellleili prograllls
YOII c({ II slore, retlieve ({lid sari ill/ol1l1a lioll ill all almost IInlimiled 1I111I1b.~·
o/colllbinations. ill' opposed 10
.
Ihe //Ja)1you 'reprobabl)l
doillg IlllOlI!. Above, II Y/lle
located eligible cCIII(!Jdales h)'
salmy alld lI 'Ork e\jJerience.
Bill dalabase lIIanagemenl
i, also band)!./or Ilillgs like
gelleraling !IIasler l11e1ilillg 11~'1s.
Crealing illvoicel', Sorlillg b)1zip
code. Checkillg iIlUelllol)( No
./iles 10 lose. No cro,I'-re/erellcillg
YOllr Rolodex,' No paperclips,
-
Communication
hosilatelocall~ '
S~a ~
42
-
--
5~~ea
derShiP
2200 M ichigan Place East
SALARY REQ.~ $40·S50,OOO Per AlllllU7I
Brown, Bob
:
Mr. Greg Helm
.
Vlco prosiden\. Marketmg
Splendora Gourmet Baby Foods
EXPERIENCE " Markting Managa
FIElD ~ Foodsll nfat\l
Antosz, l-Innk
---
,
£.I..I:!Q
Name
5~
perSDnal i lY
---
,
-
o
III busilless, people qJiellllleell'ollr
lellerbead be/ore Ibe)1lJIeelyoil Eller
/l'!Jlldered IIIbal a /i1Jewrillell page slilr
II'IliJ lllbite-oul sa),,' a/Joill yollr bllsilless,'
Wilh nil! MacilllosiJ OJlice)'ou C((II
eJlell dew!;11 (llId /m'lIlyOlir
aI/'ll lellerbear/. pillSCOIIIbillepllblll,(llioll qllalil)'
IeI'I (Il1d gmpbicsfor
a las1illgjirsl illlpressioll. Mall! i!llP0l1cIIII,
),011 call selld persollalized lellel:"lo as lIIall) '
prospecis (1.1')'0 11 b(mepaper
""""'iIlor . . . . . ,
• M(/IIlIj(ldllrer:I' Sllggl':>1('£1 relail/JI7(l!, © 191i5 ;Vl/ie CamjJlI/(1: Ille IVJple. 1!)(!IVJjJ /elogo, L(£ll1'\I" ik1: IVifJle'l(dk (lild ,)l(/cDrtOI' (/re lradelll(/rk oj;VJjlleGiJIllj>lder IIIC .)/(/(illll)l/I i,' (1ImrielllllrA'
a/iHeIIlIO';iJ I.LlbaralOlY IIIC alld iI' iJeillg /(\l!d lIi/iJ lis (~\lJ1t""IX1'11/i"'1(m N(/!Ji((.v il' a It'gislmxllmdelllmk o!NoIJi:\'1YI, Ille /lolode.r il' a 1!'g/:,1elY'd Imdelllfllk 0/ al'b)TAIJIl'li((/II r.illliomlJlIII
a ;uIJsidifll.T oj Illoileo. •• MIIIII/l/all il' 0 It'gil1L1wllradem(lrAi 0/ Mianl'D/I GilllJOralilJII,
COMPASS EXH. 1005 – Page 2 of 21
---
•
ess
esse
l
_ICandidate Profile Analysis
~
,
Recruit-A-Suitlncome Statement
Fiscal Year Ending 9130/84
0'
V",·end
0'
SAlES
-
CJ
C.ndhl.t. ,
\.'SOl
C.ndhl.t. 2
AnnAItIOf
Fees
Com........
TOIIII Ann Arbor
20000
52.000
72000
19000
45,000
"a,ooo
64000
70000
22.000
17000
.2.000
59000
265000
4<1 ,000
68,000
"6.000
72.000
l1B.000
64,000
39.000
62.000
111,000
266,000
106.000
101,000
431,ODO
'"
70200
78000
187,000
CJ
IIlliI
l
CIIndld.,.S
Each graph represents seven
to ten pages of test information
per candidate.
Individual tests arc available
for your review at your request.
As these comparative charts
indicate, all candidates tested
competitively in the four areas.
However, based on further indepth study, including extensive
personal interviews, we highly
recommend you in terview
cand idates 4 and 5 as soon as
possible.
Our office wi ll be contacting
you immediately to set up these
interviews at your earliest convenience.
l
t
Il{1 /ildllr(' il' IIYJrl1l {( IIIOIIS((lId I('()rd,.
bllsille.~,· gmpbk;, lik 1/11'.1'(' collid ml
lIIeelillgs {(lid /lresml{(lioll.l ill b((l/
In're I{(A~ell illjo}'((({(lioll Oil/ire
.~t.>:J"'.1l' ({(lIdid{(les slored ill 0111' sq//(('((re
pmgmlll. copied il ililo
((lIolber pH~~mlll. (('/lere il
11'((.1 IIsed 10 ('r(,{lle Ibese COlli·
p{(mlire h{lr W{(p/ls. Ollce
)¥)IIr d{(l{( i,elllered. Ibi,
;}(II1iwl({r so/ilmr(' pmgmlll
gires .1'011 yOllr (/Joice 4-12
differelll gm/,b C!JIIIZ~III,{I·
liolls. )1)(1 Cflil /)rel 'im',I'III/r
lIIaleri{(1 (llbelber i(,· ('{{lIditi((fes. cosls or c/J(}kies I ill
('({cli colljigumlioll 10
decide (('bid, [b{(rl or
[!.l'IIpb 111/),\1 persu{lsire/r
lllaA~(~· . \'()lIr pOilll.
--
DB tro~
FII"
Commi$$lon$
TOlnlDotroil
\12.000
T TAL8AES
42,000
1780
OPERATING EXPENSl:S
M"_
p.,...
30 ,000
2.500
"00
'00
TUN
Auto
Ttllehonl
Alnl
UtJitlll.
Due5lSubscJ' .
Ad~_
T_
Enllll'Ullrlmenl
OIIiolSuppllH
MrtAlborTotaI
Dell0h
p
Tu"
Auto
Tel'
Rllnt
,~
~
Ou.....su~.
""vel1blng
T.....
EntertalnlTlllnt
01. .
jll
DtllfoltTotaJ
EXPENSES TOTAl...
NETPF\E·TItJ(PAOFTT
30,000
33,000
30,000
2.500
'200
2.600
1.200
2500
1.200
000
11,000
000
",800
2.400
8.000
32,000
500
123,000
10.100
soo
'00
8,000
500
'00
3,000
1,000
\,500
300
3.000
'.000
1,500
300
'"
4,000
'00
4,000
1.750
300
1.500
300
2.000
500
14,000
4.000
11.250
1,200
48,700
48,700
53.1SO
49.700
200.250
SO.OOO
4,200
2.400
'200
9.100
'00
200
3,000
1.200
1,11 00
52.000
4.400
2.400
1.500
9.\00
50,000
'200
2.400
50.000
4.200
2.400
1.200
9.400
202,000
17.000
11.600
5.400
36.700
3 .200
'.000
500
0500
'00
<0,
9,100
800
200
3;00
0200
1,1100
.00
74.100
77....
7<1.900
74400
301,050
122.800
128,350
120.050
124,100
50 1.300
61.200
55,850
47,950
35,900
200,700
00'
250
3.500
1.500
1.800
80'
200
3.000
. . 00
1.400
13.000
5.300
6,400
<0,
850
il, )'011 (('ell kllOW, busille.~I· illIJolws
ill;lIIlIIeJ'tlble I'IUIJJbeN'f!laled lasRs, /Jot
Ibe leasl Q[lIIbicb is geneJ'tlling income
((lid e.11)eIlSe siafelllenis like Ibi,
aile. Sbollid )'0/1. lIIallllo
cb((lIge ((}()I Q[lbe elliered
ilelils - 10 I((ke a look allbe
qDiJclsq!opell i IIg a )n1V qffice
or decreasing your .>ltiD - a
spread,beel prograllilike
Mlilliplan" ((Jill aulOlJlalically
reca/c:ulale Ibe elllire dOC/IJnenl.
(Here, we've copied il ililo
MacDraur alld ellbclJ1ced il
jiJrpre.5enlalioll PlllfJOSes.j
;:;iii;;.... 111101 ollly s(((;es bours of
::iiiB!4JIIIJ~
ellielilig. double-cbecking
((lid e),{{jing, bulul/Jelilealiled
lip 1I'lIb aliI' Laserl'lriler prinle); il
produces a prillloill ilJlpressil}e ellollgb
10 S/lOIl' a ballk presideili. Fasl enougb
jiJr Ibis ({fternoon :, meelillg
I
Whether you're Nabisco<alor Ms. Priss'
Cookie Company you wony about the bottom
line. Write letters. Keep track of inventory
Keep your overhead under control. Pay taxes.
Retrieve files. Schedule projects.
Which is why you can dramatically
increase your business' productivity with The
Macintos\f' Office.
The cornerstone of The Macintosh Office
is our Macintosh 512K computer. All you need
to know about its powerful,32-bit, mousedriven technology is tllat it reduces the time
it takes to become productive with a computer
from well over a work week to just under a
lunch hour.
But more important, Macintosh nms
more than 500
software
programs that E~~~ttcan solve a
multitude
of business
problems.
When
you team up Macintosh with the second
hardest worker in The Macintosh Office,
our LaserWriter'" printer, you can bring a new
level of professionalism to your papeIWork.
It produces publication-quality text
and graphics in letters, internal documents,
presentations, even business fonns. There's
no telling what it can save you in outside
printing costs alone. And tlle LaserWriter can
be shared with as many as 31Macintosh
computers. So it becomes more cost efficient
with every Macintosh you connect to it.
Butcher, baker, candlestick-maker... or
NabisCO, for more infonnation about The
Macintosh Office call 800-446-3000.
No job too big.
Or too small.
,~!!~;;;~!!!!~!t
The Macintosh Office
®
COMPASS EXH. 1005 – Page 3 of 21
.. \.
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.
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.
.<
FEATURES
'
80
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . .
THE AMIGA PERSONAL COMPUTER
by Gregg Williams. Jon Edwards. and Pflillip Robinson .
83
It has plenty of co mputing power and impressive color graphics.
C1ARCIA:S CIRCUIT CELLAR:
BUILD THE BASIC-52 COMPUTER/CONTROLLER
by Steve Ciarcia .
. .104
Steve designs a cost-effective performance booster that can be used
in se ri ous applicat ions.
THE 051-32 COPROCESSOR BOARD, PART I: THE HARDWARE
by 'Trevor G. Marsl1all. George Scolaro, David L. Rand, Tom King,
and Vincent P. William s . ...
. . . 120
When plugged into an IBM Pc. the DSI-32 is a comp lete National Semiconductor
3203 2 microcomputer with 256K bytes of memory.
PROGRAMMING PROJECT:
CONTEXT-FREE PARSING OF ARITHMETIC EXPRESSIONS
by Jonatl1an Amsterdam .
.....................
. .. . 138
This program lets you parse integer arithmetic expressions into executable form .
80
THEMES
INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PROLOG GOES TO WORK
. . . . . . . .
. 148
by Clara Y. Cuadrado and Jol1n L. Cuadrado
. 15 I
What Prolog is. who's using it. and why.
LOGIC PROGRAMMING
by Robert Kowalski
..........
. ... . . . 161
It ca n be implemented as either a declarative programming language
or a procedural programming language.
DECLARATIVE LANGUAGES: AN OVERVIEW
by Susan Eisenbacl1 and Cl1ris Sadler
..
181
Why we need anoth er type of prog ramming language.
PROGRAM TRANSFORMATION
by Jol1n Darlington.
.......
. .. . . ... . . 201
A researcher in fun ctional languages explains a program-deve lopment
methodology.
FUNCTIONAL PROCjiRAMMING USING FP
by Peter G. Harrison and Hessam Kl1osl1nevisan.
. . 219
Thi s language lets you program witho ut objects by facilitating the manipu lation
of functions.
A HOPE TUTORIAL
by Roger Bailey . ..
. .... . 235
Learn how to use one of the new generation
of fu nctio nal languages.
148
B'.rJ E (lSSN 0360·52801 1., published monthly With ...'ne eX ira Issue per year by :\'lcGraw·HlIllnc Founder lames H McGraw t1860-IQ481 Executive. editorial
(I((uialion and (I{:,en islIlg offices 70 Mam 51 Peterborough. NH 03458 phone 16031914·9281 Office hours Men - Thur 8 JO AM - 4.30 PM. Frida~'
X 10 AM - 1 00 PM Eagern Time Address 5ubscnpllons to BYTE SubScriptions. POB 590. Martinsville. NI 08836 Postmaster send address changes
USPS Form ]579. undehverable copies. and fulfillment questions to BYTE Subscriptions. POB ')96. Maninsville. NI 08816 Second-class postage pclld
at Peterborough. NH 014 ')8 and additional mailing offices Postage paid at Winnipeg. Mani toba. Registration number 9121 Subscriptions are 521 for
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2
BY T E • AUGUST 1985
COVE R PHOTO BY AARON RE ZNY WITH APOLOG IES TO PABLO PICASSO
COMPASS EXH. 1005 – Page 4 of 21
ust
VOLUME 10, NUMBER 8, 1985
REVIEWS
262
INTRODUCTION
bid Glenn Hartwig
1000 bid Rich Mallold
REVIEWER'S NOTEBOOK
.265
THE TANDY
.266
An inexpensive IBM PC-compatibl e system.
IBM PASCAL
2.00 bid Patrick) Finan.
.275
Improvements include better documentation and su pport of an 8087 coprocessor.
.283
REVIEW FEEDBACK
Readers respond to previous revi ews.
KERNEL
. 290
INTRODUCTION
COMPUTING AT CHAOS MANOR: THE WEST COAST COMPUTER F AIRE
bid )errlj Pow'nelle
.293
A drive to San Franci sco lets lerry see a multitude of new products
BYTE JAPAN: COMDEX IN JAPAN
blj William M. Raike
262
. 331
Bill describes many of the new pro ducts that were featured at the first-ever
COM DEX show in lapan.
BYTE
U.K.: DECLARATIVE UPDATE blj Dick Pountain
. 341
Dick rounds out this month's " Declarative Languages" theme with reviews
of two books and a look at two new language systems.
ACCORDING TO WEBSTER: GREETINGS AND AGITATIONS
blj Bruce Webster.
.355
More Macintosh products are discussed thi s month.
BYTE WEST COAST: NEW MICROPROCESSOR CHIPS
bid Phillip Robinson
. 369
Phil looks at Intel 's iAPX 386, the 80C86, and Atron 's " hardware-assisted"
debugger for the 86 fam il y.
CIRCUIT CELLAR FEEDBACK
conducted blj Steve Ciarcia
.376
Steve answers project-related queries from readers.
BYTELINES
condLlcted by Sol Libes .
.378
News and spec ulat ion about persona l computers.
EDITOR IAL:
A VERY SPECIAL ISSUE
BOOK REVIEWS
.49
.6
ASK BYTE
.70
MICROBYTES .
.9
U NCLASSIFIED ADS
LETTERS.
FI XES AND U PDATES
WHAT'S N EW .
14
. 33
. 39, 380
.429
BYTE 's O NGOING MONITOR Box.
BOMB RESULTS.
.430
READER SERV ICE
.431
1
290
Address all editOrial correspondence to the Editor BYT E PO B 372 Hancock NH 01,1<1 9 Unacceptable manusc ripts wdl be retu rned If acco mpanied
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e
SEUION ART BY MAC IEK ALBRECHT
AUGUST 1985 • BY T E
COMPASS EXH. 1005 – Page 5 of 21
ED I TOR IN CH IEF
SEN IOR VICE PRES ID ENT/PUB LI SHER
PH ILIP LEMMONS
HARRY L. BROWN
MANAGING EDITOR
PUBLISHE R'S ASSI ST ANT
GENE SMARTE
BEVERLY JACKSON
CO N SULTING EDITO RS
STEVE CiARClA
PER SON N EL
JERRY POURNELLE
BRUCE WEBSTER
CHERYL HURD .
Office Manager
Personllel Coordinafor
PATRICIA BURKE .
SEN IOR TEC HNICA L EDI TORS
G
ADVERTI SING SA LE S 1603·924·6137)
Themes
MICHAEL VOSE .
TEC HN ICAL EDITORS
/ PETER HUESTIS. Sales Manager
SANDRA FOSTER. Admil1is/rative Assis/all/
THOMAS R. CLUNE
ADVERTI SING/PRO DU CTI ON 1603· 924-6448)
GREGG WILLIAMS
JON
Can You Name a
Dual-Drive Color PC
That Runs Lotus 1,2,3
and Costs Under $15001
R.
ROBERT D. HA NN INGS.
RICHARD GREHAN
KEN SHELDON
LYDA CLARK
RICHARD S. SHUFORD
MICHELE GILMORE
JANE MORRILL T AZElAAR
DENISE PROCTOR
EVA WHITE
WAI CHIU
MARGARET COOK GURNEY . Associatl'
IULIE NELSON.
Drafting
CIRC ULATION [800·258·54851
CMer. Sail FrallCisco
PHI LLIP ROB INSON , Senior TedmicaJ Editor. Palo Alto
DONNA OSGOOD. Associa/e EdilOr. Sa" Francis(o
BRENDA MCLAUGHLIN. Edilorial Assis /alll. SaIl Frallcisco
EZRA SHAP IRO. Bureau
RIel-lARD M,\LLOY,
• Alth ough it's not PC-DOS compatible
it wi ll run hundreds of the same programs as the IBM including dBASE II,
Multiplan, the PFS series, Lotus 1,2, 3
and even F li ght Simulator.
AGNES E. PERRY
J.
LOCKWOOD.
MARK WELCH.
Wfwrs New
Microby/es
progra mming proie(ts
MARK DAHMKE . video . operating systems
MARK HAAS . at large
RIK /ADRNICEK . CAD. gravflics. spreadsfJee/s
MARK KLE IN. comlllunications
I.
software
lallglmges mid engineering
C. NASH. scientific computing
A LASTAIR
W . MAYER .
ALAN MI LLER.
JOI'IN
DICK POUNTAIN. UK.
WILLIAM M . RAIKE. Japan
PERRY SAIDMAN .
ROBERT STERNE.
(,\ROL AHO
KAREN DESROCHES
C('ie,
DENNIS BARKER
MARKETI NG COM M UNICATIONS
Dire(tor 1603'924-34241
Marketing Producriotl Mallagt'f
PR ISCILLA ARNOLD. MdTke/illg Assis/ant
STEPHAN IE WARNESKY. Marketing Art DireClor
SHARON PR ICE. Assistalll Art DireClor
DOUG -WE BSTER. Director of Public Relations 1603'924'90271
WI LBUR S. WATSON. OperatiollS Manager. Exflibits
HORACE
T.
HOWLA ND.
VICKI REYNOLDS.
PLANN ING AN D DEVELOPMENT
Mmlager
Ri'sear(h Ma'lager
CYNTH IA DAMATO SANDS. Reader Serl'i(e Coordinator
FA ITH KWNTZ. Copljrigflts Coordinator
MICHELE
P.
VERVILLE.
PATRICIA AKERLEY.
M ANUFACTURING/FI NANC E/SERVICES
E U ZABETH COOPER
DAN IEL RODR IGUES.
ANNE L. FISC HER
ACCO UNTING
NANCY HAYES
KENNETH
Dire(tor
A. KI NG. Assistallt COl1 lroller
LYNNE M . NADEAU
VICKI WESTO N. Accolm tillg
P/\ULA NOONAN
LiNDt\ SHORT,
Mm1(l{j!'r
DIP Mallager
JOAN V IGNEAU ROY
EDSON WARE .
Credil
\V ARREN WILLIAMSON
MARIE CAGGIANI
MARILVN H AIGH
$1497
a lso
Fox Jr . . .. $899 Silver Fox .. $1297
,
OffiCi' Mallager
MARTHA HI CKS
Lrd.
Art Dire(tor
Assistant Art Dire(lOr
==
6 17 N. Scorrsdo le Rd. #0. Scorrsdole. Az. 8525 7
The Si lver Fox is so ld ex clusively by Scottsdale Sys tems
Ltd .. 617 N. Scottsdale Road #B, Scottsdal e. AZ 85257.
Trademarks: Si lver Fox. HAGEN · DOS. and Datemate.
Scot t sda le Systems Ltd.; WordStar Rnd Ca lcSta r ,
Micropro Internationa l; MS·DOS , and Multiplan, Micro80ft Corpora tion ; F IT.EBASE, EWOP Software, In c.;
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tional. Senior Vice Presidents. Francis .A Shinal. Controller. Robert C Violette. Manu/acturing and Techno logy. $elliOT Vice PreSidents and
•
publishers Laurence Altman. EleCITonlcs Week: Harry L Brown. BYTE and Popular Computing: David I. McGrath. Construction Publications
Group Vice President Peter B McCuen. Communications Information Vice ~resident: Fred 0 Jensen. Planning and Development.
Officers of McGraw·Hili Inc Haro ld W McGraw. Jr Chairman. loseph L Dionne. President and Chief Executive Ollicer. Robert N Landes. Executive
Vice President and Secretary . Ralph I Webb. Vice President and Treasurer. Shel F Asen . Vice President. Manufacturing George R EiSinger Vice Presl'
dent Circulation. Ralph R Schulz . Senior Vice PreSident Editorial (Publishing Operati ons) .
!
_
BY T E • AUG UST 1985
COMPASS EXH. 1005 – Page 6 of 21
C·I·A·R·C·I·A'S C·I·R·C·lJ·I·1r C·E·L·L·A·R
BUILD THE
BASIC~52 COMPUTER/
CONTROLLER
BY STEVE CIARCIA
A single--board problem solver
with great potential
One of the most popular
Circuit Cellar projects was
the Z8 BASIC computer/
co ntroller presented in
luly and August of 198 1.
Since then. thousands of
Z8 controller boards have
found their way into end-user and OEM applications.
I specifically designed the original Z8 controller because I hate programming. Generally speaking. if the program has fewer
than 100 lines I'll grin and bear it. Any
longer than that. however. and I lose interest
and call in a programmer. To ease the pain.
I generally use htgh-Ievel languages like
BASIC Most people understand BASIC and
it excuses me from wasting time on tedious
bit manip.lJI-a'tions merely to demonstrate a
hargwffie peripheral device. (My favorite
programming language is solder.)
I don't try to justify using BASIC I just get
results. While others are arguing the merits
of Pascal and C I've plugged in my si ngleboard computer!controller and am plinking
away in BASIC to solve the problem. I've
learned enough about other programming
languages so that I know when to nod appreciatively at a programmer's description
of a random-number seed generator written in some obscure programming dialect.
This "plug and program" approach has
been adequately satisfied by the Z8. but I
COPYRIGHT
©
1985 STEVEN A . CIA RCtA . A LL RIGHTS RESERVED.
find that I purposely avoid applications involving floating-point calculations o r
trigonometric functions that would otherwise force me to resort to assembly-language programming (ugh!). In an effort to
forestall my inevitable defection from
BASIC I am continually on the lookout for
cost-effective performance boosters that I
can package as Single-board problem
solvers (that execute in BASIC naturall y).
And I just found another one!
What I have found is the Circuit Cellar
BASIC-52 computer/controller (BCC-52)
board. It uses the new Intel 8052AH-BASIC
microcontroller chip that contains a ROM
(read-only memory)-resident 8K-byte BASIC
interpreter. The BCC-52 board includes the
8052AH. 48K bytes of RAM/EPROM (random-access read/w rite memory/erasable
programmable ROM). a 2764/ 128 EPROM
programmer. three parallel ports. a serial
terminal port with automatic data-transmission-rate selection. a serial printer port. and
is bus-compatible with the BCC-II Z8 system/controller and all the BCC-series expansio n boards I've already designed. Figure I
(continued)
Steve Ciarcia (pronounced "see-ARE-see-ah") is an
electronics engineer and computer consultant with experience in process contro/. digital design. nuclear instrumentation. and product development. He is the
author of several books about electronics. You can
write to him at POB 582. Glastonbury. CT 06033.
AUGU ST 1985 • BY T E
105
COMPASS EXH. 1005 – Page 7 of 21
CIRCU IT CELLAR
is a block diagram of the hardware.
BASIC-52 is particularly suited for
process control. providing IF. ..
THEN , FOR .. . NEXT. DO . .. WHILE/
UNTIL, ONTIME, and CALL statements among its broad repertoire of
instructions (figure 2 lists the software
features). Calculations are handled in
integer or floating-point math and are
fully supported with trigonometric
and logical operators. Because of its
low system overhead it is extremely
fast and efficient.
I'll get into the system configuration
and the design details momentarily,
but I first have to mention an interesting aspect of BASIC-52. While I considered using EEPROMS (electricall y
erasable programmable ROMs) and
other nonvolatile storage techniques,
the sophisticated EPROM programming capabilities of BASIC-52 justified
eliminating them simply on the basis
of cost and board real estate. Unlike
most one-shot EPROM programmers
that fill the entire contents of an
EPROM regardless of the application
program's size, BASIC-52 treats the
EPROM as write-once mass storage.
When a BASIC application program
is saved to EPROM, it is tagged with
an iden tifying ROM number and
stored only in the amount of EPROM
required to fit the program (plus
header and EOF [end of file[). Additi ona l application programs can be
stored to the same EPROM and recal led for execution by requesting a
particular ROM number. A 27128
EPROM provides 16K bytes of massstorage space. When it is full (a nondestructive EPROM FULL error will
tell you), simply erase the present
EPROM or insert another. Finally,
since this pseudo-mass storage exists
in directly addressable memory space
rather than cassettes or disks, it runs
at full processor speed and stored application programs are instantly accessible.
BASIC-52 bridges the gap between
expensive, intelligent control capabilities and hard-to-justify. price-sensitive
control applications. BASIC-52 's full
floating-point BASIC is fa st and efficient enough for the most complicated tasks, while its cost-effective
design lets it be considered for many
new areas of implementation .
I'm bullish on the BCC-52 board,
and you can expect to see it in future
Circuit Cellar projects. With so much
power and convenience, I ca n accomplish quite a bit in a few lines of
code-especially since that's alii may
ever write.
THE BCC-52 BOARD
The BCC-52 is a single-board controller/development system. Shown as
a prototype in photo 1 and as a schematic in figure 3, this 17-chip circuit
fits in a compact 4Y2 by 6Y2 inches (the
same size as the Term-Mite smart terminal [see photo 21, if you want a twoboard complete system-see my columns in the January and February
1984 issues of BYTE) It contains
RAM/EPROM, an EPROM programmer, three parallel ports, and two
serial ports.
The BCC-52 board has five main
sections: processor, address decoding and memory, parallel I/O (input/
output). serial I/O. and EPROM programmer.
The BCC-S2 board is based on the
80S2AH-BAS1C chip. a preprogrammed version of Intel's 8052AH
microcontroller (see figure 4). The
8052AH is the newest of Intel 's 8-bit
microcontroller-chip series, also
known as the MCS-51 family.
The 80S2AH contains 8K bytes of
on-chip ROM, 256 bytes of RAM ,
three 16-bit counter/timers, six interrupts, and 32 I/O lines. In the 8052AHBASIC chip, the ROM is a masked
BASIC interpreter, and the I/O lines
are redefined to address, data, and
control lines. Figure Sa illustrates the
80S2AH-BASIC chip pinout.
The 8052AH-BASIC chip has a
16-bit address and an 8-bit data bus
(the 8 least significant address bits
[ADO-AD7[ and the data bus [DO-D7[
are multiplexed together, similar to
(continued)
LINE-PRINTER
SERIAL PORT
ADDR
DECODER
CONSOLE
SERIAL PORT
8052AH
BASIC
ADDR
DATA
Figure I: Block diagram of the Circuit Cellar BASIC-52 computer/controller hoard.
106
BY T E • AUGUST 1985
COMPASS EXH. 1005 – Page 8 of 21
CIRCUIT CELLAR
Command
Function
Statement
Function
RUN
CONT
LIST
LlST#
NEW
NULL
RAM
ROM
XFER
PROG
PROG1
PROG2
Execute a program
Continue after a stop or Control-C
List program to the console device
List program to serial printer
Erase the program stored in RAM
Set null count after carriage return/line feed
Evoke RAM mode, current program in read/write memory
Evoke ROM mode, current program in ROM/EPROM
Transfer a program from ROM/EPROM to RAM
Save the current program in EPROM
Save data-transmission-rate information in EPROM
Save data-transmission-rate information in EPROM and
execute program after reset
Save the current program in EPROM using the intelligent
algorithm .
Save data-transmission-rate information in EPROM using
the intelligent algorithm
Save data-transmission-rate information in EPROM and
execute program after reset, use intelligent algorithm
POP
PWM
REM
RETI
STOP
STRING
UI1
UIO
U01
UOO
Pop argument stack to variables
Pulse-width modulation
Remark
Return from interrupt
Break program execution
Allocate memory for strings
Evoke user console input routine
Evoke BASIC console input routine
Evoke user console output routine
Evoke BASIC console output routine
Operator
Function
CBY()
DBY()
XBY()
GET
IE
IP
PORT1
PCON
RCAP2
T2CON
TCON
TMOD
TIME
TIMERO
TIMER1
TIMER2
Read program memory
Read/assign internal data memory
Read/assign external data memory
Read console
Read/assign IE register
Read/assign IP register
Read/assign I/O port 1 (P1)
Read/assign PCON register
Read/assign RCAP2 (RCAP2H:RCAP2L)
Read/assign T2CON register
Read/assign TCON register
Read/assign TMOD register
Read/assign real-time clock
Read/assign TIMERO (THO:TLO)
Read/assign TIMER1 (THUL1)
Read/assign TIMER2 (TH2:TL2)
Addition
Division
Exponentiation
Multiplication
Subtraction
Logical AND
Logical OR
Logical exclusive OR
FPROG
FPROG1
FPROG2
Statement
Function
BAUD
CALL
CLEAR
CLEARS
CLEAR1
CLOCK1
CLOCKO
DATA
READ
RESTORE
DIM
DO
UNTIL
WHILE
END
FOR-TO-{STEP}
NEXT
GOSUB
RETURN
GOTO
ON GOTO
ON GOSUB
IF-THEN-{ELSE}
INPUT
LET _
ON ERR
ONTIME
Set data-transmission rate for line-printer port
Call ass~mbly-Ianguage program
Clear variables, interrupts, and strings
Clear stacks
Clear interrupts
Enable real-time clock
Disable real-time clock
Data to be read by READ statement
Read data in DATA statement
Restore read pointer
Allocate memory for arrayed variables
Set up loop for WHILE or UNTIL
Test DO loop condition (loop if false)
Test DO loop condition (loop if true)
Terminate program execution
Set up FOR ... NEXT loop
Test FOR ... NEXT loop condition
Execute su brouti ne
Return from subroutine
GOTO program line number
Conditional GOTO
Conditional GOSUB
Conditional test
Input a string or variable
Assign a variable or string a value (LET is optional)
ONERR or GOTO line number
Generate an interrupt when time is equal to or greater
than ONTIME argument; line number is after comma
GOSUB to line number following ONEX1 when INT1
pin is pulled low
Print variables, strings, or literals, P is shorthand for
print
Print to software serial port
Print hexadecimal mode with zero suppression
Print hexadecimal mode with no zero suppression
PHO.# to line printer
PH1.# to line printer
Push expressions on argument stack
ONEX1
PRINT
PRINT#
PHO.
PH1.
PHO.#
PH1.#
PUSH
+
/
.AND.
DR.
.XOR.
Stored Constant
PI - 3.1415926
PI
Operators-Single Operand
ABS( )
NOT( )
INT( )
SGN()
SORt )
RND
LOG( )
EXP()
SIN( )
COSt )
TAN( )
ATN( )
Absolute value
One's complement
Integer
Sign
Square root
Random number
Natural log
"e" (2.7182818) to the X
Returns the sine of argument
Returns the cosine of argument
Returns the tangent of argument
Returns the arctangent of argument
Figure 2: Detailed description of tfle Intel 8052AH BASIC-52 programming language.
AUGUST 1985 • BY T E
107
COMPASS EXH. 1005 – Page 9 of 21
CIRCUIT CELLAR
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Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the BCC-52 board.
108
BY T E • AUGUST 1985
COMPASS EXH. 1005 – Page 10 of 21
CIRCUIT CELLAR
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IC 16
1489
JI
~ 7
+12V
'i'
J2
4.7K ' - - -
~20
AUGUST 1985 • BY T E
109
COMPASS EXH. 1005 – Page 11 of 21
CIRCU IT CELLAR
the 8085 and 28) When the chip is
·powered up. it sizes consecutive external memory from 0000 to the end
of memory (or memory failure) byalternately writing 55 hexadecimal and
00 to each location . A minimum of 1K
bytes of RAM is requ ired for
BASIC-52 to function. and any RAM
must be located starting at 0000.
IEditor's note: For the remainder of the article. all addresses and data values will be hexa-
decimal unless otherwise specified. I
Three control lines. RD (pin 17). WR
(pin 16). and PSEN (pin 29). partition
the address space as 64K bytes each
o f program and data memory. How-
ever. user-called assembly-language
routines and EPROM programming
are unsupported in data memory. For
that reason . the BCC-52 board as I've
designed it is addressed completely
as program memory (RAM /EPROM
mode). both for RAM and 1/0. The addressing logic is as follows:
1. The RD and WR pins on the
8052AH chip enable RAM from 0000
to 7FFF Addresses are used to
decode the chip select (CS) for the
RAM devices. and RD and WR are
used to enable the OE and WE (or
WR) pins. respectivel y.
2. PSEN is used to enable EPROM
from 2000 to 7FFF Addresses are
used to decode the CS for the
EPROM devices. and PSEN is used to
enable the OE pin.
3. Between 8000 and OFFFF. both RD
and PSEN are used to enable either
EPROM or RAM. RD and PSEN are
applied as inputs to AND gate ICI5 .
a 74LS08. The WR pin on the chip is
used to write to RAM in this same address space.
Photo 1: The Circuit Cellar BASIC-52 computerlcontroller prototype.
Photo 2: On the right is the BCC-52 prototype; on the left is the Circuit Cellar
BCC Term-Mite smart-terminal board (see the January 1984 Circuit Cellar). With the
addition of a video monitor and keyboard. the two boards constitute a complete
computer system suitable for software development or installed use.
110
BASIC-52 reserves the first 512
bytes of external data memory to implement two software stacks: the control stack and the arithmetic or argument stack. Understanding how the
stacks work is necessary only if you
want to link BASIC-52 and 8052 assembly-language routines. The details
of how to do this are covered in the
assembly-language linkage section of
the MCS BASIC-52 User's Manual.
The control stack occupies locations
60 (96 decimal) through OFE (254 decimal) in external RAM. This memory
is used to store all information associated with loop control (i.e .. DO .. .
WHILE , DO .. . UNTIL. and FOR .. .
NEXT) and BASIC subroutines
(GOSUB). The stack is initialized to
OFE and "grows down."
The argument stack occupies locations 120 (301 decimal) through 1FE
(510 deCimal) in external RAM. This
stack stores all the constants that
BASIC is currently using. Operations
like add, subtract. multiply. and divide
always operate on the first two
numbers on the argument stack and
return the result to the argument
BY T E • AUG UST 1985
COMPASS EXH. 1005 – Page 12 of 21
CIRCUIT CELLAR
PO.0-PO.7
P2 .0-P2 .7
SCON
TMOO
THO
TLO
THl
TH2 "
TL2 '
RCAP2H "
IE
IP
RCAP2L" SOUF
TCON
z
PSEN
0
TIMING
AND
CONTROL
ALE
EA
RST
i=a::
OW
:::>fa::U)
f-U)<!>
ZW
_a::
' RESIDENT
IN 8052 8032
ONLY
XTAL I
XTAL 2
Pl.0-PI .7
P3.0- P3.7
Figure 4: Block diagram of tl1e Intel 8052AH-BAS IC cl1ip
stack. The argument stack is initialized
to I FE and "grows down" as more
values are placed on it. Each floatingpaint number placed on the argument stack requires 6 bytes of
storage.
The stack pointer on the 8052AH
(special-function register. SP) is initialized to 40 (77 decimal). The
8052AH's stack pointer "grows up" as
additional values are placed on the
stack.
ADDRESS DECODING
The three most significa nt address
lines (A 13-A 15) are connected to a
74LSI38 decoder chip. ICI3 . which
separates the addressable range into
eight 8K-byte memory segments. each
with its ow n chip select (YO-Y7) . The
four least significant ch ip selects are
connected to 28-pin. 64K-bit (8K by 8)
memory devices. either 2764
EPROMs or 6264 static RAMs. ICI. addressed at 0000. mu st be RAM in
order for BASIC-52 to functi o n. IC
locations 3 (2000-3FFF) . II (40005FFF). and 12 (6000-7FFF) can use
either RAM or EPROM. ICI6 (8000(continued)
AUGUST 1985 • B Y T E
III
COMPASS EXH. 1005 – Page 13 of 21
CIRCUIT CELLAR
9FFF or BFFF) is an EPROM program- partitions either C800-CFFF or E800ming socket intended for 2764 or EFFF as eight 256-byte I/O blocks.
27128 EPROMs (see figures 5b and Rather than simply using the available
5c)
COOO or EOOO strobes from ICI3
Altogether. you have 48K bytes of , alone. which would occupy a 2000 admemory on the BCC-52 board if you dress space for a single PIA (periphuse four 6264 RAMs (as ICs I. 3. 8. eral interface adapter) chip. ICI4
and 12) (see figure 5d) and a 27128 allows many peripheral devices to
EPROM in 1C16. The memory and I/O share the remaining address space by
can be further expanded through the using on ly a 2 56-byte address range.
expansion bus using BCC-series This addressing convention is consisZ8-system expansion cards.
tent with other expansion boards I've
A second 74LS138 decoder. ICI4 . designed. and it is easy to configure
T2!P l.O
T2E X/Pl.l
PWM OUTPUT/P1.2
ALE DISABLE IP1.3
PROGRAM PULSE/PI.4
PROGRAM ENABLE /P I .5
DMA ACKNOWLEDGE IPl.6
LlNE- PRINTER OUTPUT IPI. 7
RESET
CONSOLE SERIAL INPUT
CONSO LE SERIAL OUTPUT
INTO I DMA REQUEST
INTI
TO
TI
WR
RD
XTAL2
XTALI
a)
Vss
c)
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
AI
AO
00
01
02
GND
PARALLEL I/O
The BCC-52 board contains an
8255A-5 PIA (lC17) that provides
three 8-bit I/O software-configurable
parallel ports. The three I/O ports.
labeled A. B. and C. and a write-only
mode-configuration port occupy four
consecutive addresses in one of the
Vee
39
2
38
3
37
4
5 8052AH- 36
BASIC
35
6
7
34
8
33
32
9
ADO
ADI
AD2
AD3
AD4
AD5
AD6
AD7
10
+/EA
II
ALE
PSEN
AI5
AI4
A13
AI2
All
AI0
A9
A8
29
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
27
26
25
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
12
13
14
27
26
Vpp
A12
A7
a 64-channel A/D (analog-to-digital) or
128-channel power I/O system using
this board with a number of peripheral cards.
- TOP VIEWS SHOWN/
Vpp
AI2
A7
b)
NC
A12
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
Al
AO
Vee
27 128
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
PGM
A13
A8
A9
All
OE
AI0
CE
07
06
05
04
03
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
Al
AO
00
01
02
GND
1/01
1/02
d)
1/03
GND
Vee
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
27
26
2764
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
PGM
NC
A8
A9
All
OE
AI0
CE
07
06
05
04
03
Vee
WE
CS2
A8
A9
All
OE
AI0
CSI
1/08
1/07
1/06
1/05
1/04
Figure 5: Pinouts for (a) tfle 8052A H-BASIC cfl ip. (b) tfle 2764 8K-byte EPROM . (c) tfle 27128 16K-byte EPROM .
and (d) tfle 6264 8K-byte RAM.
112
BYT E ' AUGUST 198 5
Inquiry 389 for ins"rt_
COMPASS EXH. 1005 – Page 14 of 21
~ ~ ~~ -/~ .DFT INCREDIBLE
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Tim IV
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DB Master
475
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Quickode III
159
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Condor III
349
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Extended Report Writer _119
Friday
169
pfs: file & pfs: report _ _ 165
REVELATION
745
Powerbase
255
Easyfil er
99
FINANCIAL
DOLLARS AND SENSE _5115
Market Mgr. Plus IDow Jones)_179
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CHARTMASTER
5275
GRAPHICS Iconl.)
BPS Graphics_ _ __
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pfs: graph _ _ __ _ ----,-'
Graphwriter
319
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Graphwriter Combo Pak _
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Microsoft Chart
175
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259
Energraphics (w/plotter opt.)_ 325
PC Draw
295
LANGUAGES/UTILITIES
CONCURRENT PC 00S ,·,· ",,,· ,,5175
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489
Display Manager-(DR) _ _ 359
Access Manager-(DR) _ _ 269
LATTICE CCOMPILER _ _ 305
C·Food Smorgasbord _ _ 119
CIS Cobol 86 (DR)
479
Pascal Compiler (MS) _ _ 245
C Compiler (MS) INew Releasel _ 305
Mi crosoft Sort
159
Cobol Compil er (MS) _ _ _ 479
LANGUAGES/UTIL
Iconl.)
Business Basic (MS) _ _ 5299
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CB6 C Compiler
(Computer Innovations) _329
INTEGRATED/SPREADSHEETS
LOTUS 1·2·3 (Wh ile Th ey LBs tl 5329
Enable
305
Smart Series
579
FRAMEWORK
355
Open Access
395
Electric Desk
229
SYMPHONY (Limited QUBntlty) 459
Supercalc 3
175
Multiplan
129
TK! Solver
279
pIs: plan
85
PROJECT SCHEDULERS
MICROSOFT PROJECT_ _ $165
SuperProject (IUS) _ _ _ 245
HARVARD TOTAL PROJECT MSR. _ 285
WORD PROCESSING
Wordstar 2000
5259
WORDSTAR 2000 PLUS _
309
GRAPHICS BOARDS
AST
Preview
5279
EVEREX
Graphics Edge
5375
HERCULES
Graphics Card
5325
Color Card
169
PLANTRONICS/FREOERICK
Colorplus
$385
STB
Graphics Plus II
5315
TECMAR
Graphics Master
5459
TSENG LABORATORIES
Ultra Pak
GRAPHICS BOARDS Iconl.)
PARAIIISE SYSTEMS
Multi ·Oisplay Card _ _ _$279
Modular Graph ics Card _ _ 289
Options A&B _ _ Lowelt Price
MODEMS (INTERNAL)
PROMETHEUS
Pro-modem 1200B _ _ _ $319
QUADRAM
Asher
$395
HAYES
Smartmodem 1200B,..""."." ",$385
NOVATION
Smart-Cat Plus
5355
RACAL·VAIIIC
Maxwell 1200PC
MODEMS (INTERNAL) Icon!.) MUL Ti -FUNCTION BOARDS Iconl.)
AST RESEARCH (cont.)
VEN·TEL
PCModem HaH Card _ _ 5439 Advantage (128kJ _ _ _ 5429
QUADRAM
COMMUNICATIONS BOARDS
Quadboard (64kJ _ _ _ 5259
AST
AST-5251 -11
5699 STB
AST·3780
749 Rio ·Plu s II (64k)
$259
Rio Grande
375
DCA
275
IRMA Board
5949 Gra nde By te
TECMAR
QUADRAM
Qu adlink
5449 Captain
5235
MULTI-FUNCTION BOARDS
KEYBOARDS
KEYTRONIC
AST RESEARCH
Six Pak Plu s (64k) _ _ _ 5259 5150
5159
Mega Plu s II (64 k) _ _ _ 275 5151 (Delu xe)
179
645
IIOPlus 11
135 5152 B
WORD PROCESSING (cont.1
Words tar Pro Pac _ _ _ 5265
Words tar Pro Plus _ _ _ 345
WORD PERFECT {New Releasel_245
Microsoft Word
245
MULTIMATE
249
Volkswriter Deluxe _ _ _ 165
Peachtext 5000
199
Easywriter II/Spell er/Mailer _ 199
Edix & Wordix
255
Finalword
225
Samna III
325
Xy Write II Plus
255
Think Tank
125
pIs: wri te
85
MISCELLANEOUS UTILITIES
PROKEY 3.0
589
Norton Utilities (New Releasel _
65
SIDEKICK (unprotected) _ _ 65
Crosstalk XVl lNew Releasel __ 115
Sideways
45
Copy II PC
39
DESK ORGANIZER _ _ _ 129
"T1
°en
l:J
m
3: m
00
l:J-t
m:I:
m
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C')m
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COMPASS EXH. 1005 – Page 15 of 21
$125
105
105
29
249
155
135
140
155
Filevision
tst Base
lowest Price
179
105
245
95
GRAPHICS
Animation Tool Kit
539
Oavinci Series
(Buildings, Interiors, Landscapes) _ _ 1DO
ASSIMILATION PROCESS
Mac Daisywheel Connection _ _ __ 585
85
Mac Turbo Touch
Home Accountant Plus
Microsoft Chart
Click Art Series
(Graphics, Pub's, Letters, Effects) _ _ 125
LANGUAGES/UTILITIES
Basic In terpreter(MS)
MacFOflh (Level t )
MacFOfth (Level 2)
Smooth ta lker
Soflmaker II
Softworks "c"
PC to Mac & Back
Hippo·C (Levell)
MANAGEMENT /FINANCE
Dollars & Sense
Front Desk
539
49
59
69
$69
85
IHARDWARE
for Macintosh I
HAYES
MICROCOM
Smartmodem 300
Smartmodem 1200
CURTIS SURGE PROTECTOR
Diamond
Emerald
Sapphire
$95
95
135
115
119
275
65
115
General Financial Analysis
MacManager
MacProject
Lowest Price
Management Edge
125
Market Analyzer
Lowe.t Price
Market Manager Plu s(Dow Jones) _ _ 129
PeachtreeGtt
99
Sales Edg e
165
Straight Talk
49
Financi al Planning (Apropos) _ _ _ 60
Investment Planning (Apropos) _ _ __ 60
Communication s Edge
110
Negotia tion Edge
175
Tax Manager (Microlab)
110
Forecast
45
Electric Checkbook
50
MacCalendar
50
5205
5445
INTERMATRIX
MacModern
5450
MICRON TECHNOLOGY
Micron Eye
Macphone
5325
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595
39
5170
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5375
PRINTERS·
DIABLO
36· •
025··
630·API
630-ECS· •
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JUKI
6100
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160
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2030··
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3530
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Pinwriler P3" •
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182·IBM
84 ·IBM
192·IBM
93 ·IBM
24 10P
QUAORAM
auadiel
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Sprint 11 /4 0· •
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SPREADSHEETS/ INTEGRA TED
WORD PROCESSING
Microsolt Word
Think Tank (126k)
Mac·Spell·Aight
MacSpell +
Hayden: Speller
Think Tank (S12k)
TECH (Linqui st)
Megalorm
185
OPTIMUM
MacTote
565
PROMETHIUS
Promodem 1200
Mac Pak
5375
105
DISKS
MICROSOFT
5159
300 Baud Modem
Surge Supressor
Aeal Estate Dev. (Comm. or A05 .) _ _ _ 70
Jazz
Multiplan
Microplanner
TK'Solver
Ensemble
Ma xell3 W' (Box 01 10)
Memorex 3'12" (B ox 01 10)
3M 3'11" (Box 01 1
535
39
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MODEMS (External)
$1229
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$719
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1329
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675
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$239
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409
639
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P3S1
P3S1 Tractor
1340
CITIZEN
MSP10
MSPIS
MSP20
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.51375
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PRINTER/PLOTTERS·
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Color 71 0
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AGB HX·12
AGB SA·12
Scan Doubler Board (lor SA·12) _
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Uuadchrome12 "
auadsc reen 17"
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TAXAN
100G
105A
121
122
210
420
440
5255
389
479
579
135
145
169
$159
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239
399
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_ _ 185
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$465
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465
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5125
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259
409
699
VIDEO TERMINALS·
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A·2 Green
A·3
$465
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Smart II
DUME
OVT t 02·Green
aVT t 02·Amber
aVT 103·Green
OVT 10 3·Amber
OVT 108·Green
OVT 106·Amber
TELEVIDEO
600
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910
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921
922
924
925
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50
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$695
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515
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635
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560
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$555
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PC Ouick Tape
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MOUSE SYSTEMS
PC Mouse w/paint brush
MICROSOFT
Microsolt Mouse (Serial)
Microsoft Mou se (Buss)
$699
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UUADRAM
auadcolor I
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~
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COMPASS EXH. 1005 – Page 16 of 21
CIRCUIT CELLAR
eight jumper-selectable I/O blocks.
With COOO selected and pin 17 of IC 14
(YO) jumpered to pin 6 of ICI7 (at JP3),
the range wou ld be C800-C803.
Using the XBYO operator in BASIC.
data can be written to and read from
this PIA. (You are probably more
famil iar with PEEK and POKE . PEEK
(C802H) is accomplished with XBY
(C802H), and POKE C902H,A is
XBY(C802H) = A) I won't belabor the
discussion on the 8255. I have used
it many times in Circuit Cellar projects
and refer yo u to th e manufacturer's
data sheets.
The three parallel ports and ground
are connected to a 26-pin flat ribboncable con nector. The outputs are TTL
(transistor-transistor logic)-compatible.
SERIAL
I/O
lWo serial ports are found on the
BCC-52 board. One is for the console
I/O terminal (lCS pins 10 and II): the
other is an auxiliary serial output (lCS
pin 8) frequ ently referred to as the
.Mode Selection (goes with figure 5b)
-
Mode
CE
(20)
OE
(22)
Read
V/L
Standby
Pins
--
Outputs
(11-13, 15-19)
PGM
(27)
VP•
(1)
Vee
(28)
V/L
V/N
Vee
Vee
Dout
V/N
x
x
Vee
Vee
High Z
Program
V/L
x
V/L
Vpp
Vee
Din
Program Verify
V/L
V/L
V/N
V pp
Vee
Dout
V/N
x
x
V pp
Vee
High Z
PGM
(27)
V pp
(1)
Vee
(28)
Outputs
(11-13, 15-19)
Program Inhibit
.Mode Selection (goes with figure 5c)
Pins
-CE
-
--
Mode
(20)
OE
(22)
Read
V/L
V/L
V/N
Vee
Vee
Dout
Standby
V/N
x
x
Vee
Vee
'High Z
Program
V/L
x
V/L
V pp
Vee
Din
Vee
Dout
Vee
High Z
Program Verify
V/L
V/L
V/N
V pp
Program Inhibit
V/N
x
x
V pp
.Mode Selection (goes with figure 5d)
-
WE
CS,
CS,
x
H
x
x
x
x
L
x
Not Selected
(Power Down)
High Z
H
L
H
H
Output Disabled
High Z
H
L
H
L
Read
Dout
L
L
H
H
L
x : don't care
L
H
OE
L
Mode
1/0 Pin
High Z
Din
Write
Din
line-printer port. When using an
11.0592-megahertz (MHz) crystal. the
console port does automatic datatran smission-rate determ inatio n on
power-up (a preset data-transmission
rate can alternatively be stored in
EPROM as well) . I've used it at 19,200
bits per second (bps) with no degradation in operation.
The BAUO[expr] statement is used
to set the data-transmission rate for
the line-printer port. In order for this
statement to properly calculate the
data-transmission rate, the crystal
(special-fun ction operator-XTA L)
must be correctly assigned (e.g .. XTA L
= 9000000) . BASIC-52 assumes a
crysta l value of 11.0592 MHz if no
XTAL va lue is assigned.
The main purpose of the software
line-printer port is to let you make a
hard copy of program listings and/or
data. The co mmand LlST# and the
statement PRINT# direct outputs to
the software line-printer port. If the
BAUO[expr] statement is not executed before a L1ST# or PRINT#
command/statement is en tered , the
output to the software line-printer
port will be at about I bps, and it will
take a long t(me to output something.
It is necessary to assign a data-transmission rate to the software lineprinter port before using L1ST# or
PRINT#. The maximum data-transmission rate that can be assigned by
the BAUO[exp r] statement depends
on the crystal. but 4800 bps is a reasonable maximum rate.
MC 1488 and 1489 level shifters (lCs
6 and 7) convert the TTL levels from
the console and line-printer ports to
RS-232C (The TTL serial lines are also
connected to the bus to allow use of
the Term-Mite smart-terminal board
without RS-2 32C voltages.) The
BCC-52 board requires only about
200 milliamperes (mA) at + 5 volts (V)
to function . The voltage required for
external RS-232C communication is
± 12 V: that required for EPROM programming is + 21 V
EPROM PROGRAMMER
One of the more unique and powerfu l features of the BCC-52 board is its
(continued)
AUGUST 1985 • BY T E
113
COMPASS EXH. 1005 – Page 17 of 21
Inquiry 50
CIRCUIT CELLAR
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114
ability to execute and save programs
in an EPROM. The 8052AH chip
actually generates all the timing
signals needed to program 2764/128
EPROMs. Saving programs in EPROMs
is a much more attractive and reliable
alternative to cassette tape. especially
in control and/or noisy environments.
The entire EPROM programming
circuitry consists of two 7407 opencollector drivers and a single transistor ci rcuit that switches between
+ 5 V and 21 V (CR2 . connected to the
collector of the transistor should be
a germanium diode like a I N270).
Port I. bit 4 (IC5 pin 5) is used to
provide a 1- or 50-millisecond (ms)
programming pulse. The length of the
pulse is determined by whether we
are programming Intel fast-program
EPROMs or generic 2764s and
27128s. BASIC-52 calculates the
length of the pulse from the assigned
crysta l value. The accuracy of this
pulse is within 10 processor clock
cycles. This pin is normally in a logical
high (I) state. It is asserted low (0) to
program the EPROMs.
Port I. bit 5 (lC5 pin 6) is used to
enable the EPROM programming voltage. This pin is normally in a logical
high (I) state. Prior to the EPROM programming operation. this pin is
brought to a logical low (0) state. and
it is used to turn on the high voltage
(21 V) required to program the
EPROMs on or off.
BASIC-52 saves several programs on
a single EPROM . In fact. it can save
as many programs as the size of the
EPROM permits. The programs are
stored sequentially in the EPROM.
and any program can be retrieved and
executed. This sequential storage of
programs is referred to as the EPROM
file. The following commands permit
you to generate and manipulate the
EPROM file.
RAM and ROM [integer] tell the
BASIC-52 interpreter whether to
select the current program (the one
that will be displayed during a LlST#
command and executed when RUN
is typed) out of RAM or EPROM. The
RAM address is assumed to be 200
(512 decimal) . and the EPROM address begins at 80 10 (32 .784 decimal) .
When RAM is entered. BASIC-52
selects the current program from
RAM. This is usually considered the
normal mode of operation and is the
mode that most users employ to interact with th e command interpreter.
When ROM [integer] is entered.
BASIC-52 selects the current program
out of EPROM. If no integer is typed
after the ROM command (i.e ..
ROM(cr)) . BASIC-52 defaults to ROM
1 . Since the programs are stored sequentially in EPROM . the integer
following the ROM command selects
which program you want to run or list.
If you attempt to select a program
that does not exist (i.e.. you type in
ROM 8 and only six programs are
stored in the EPROM) . the Message
Error: Prom Mode will be displayed.
The error is nondestructive. and you
can retype the correct command.
BASIC-52 does not transfer the program from EPROM to RAM when the ·
ROM mode is selected. and you cannot edit a program in ROM. Attempting to do so will result in an error
message.
Since the ROM command does not
transfer a program to RAM. it is possible to have different programs in
ROM and RAM Simultaneously. You
can flip back and forth between the
two modes at any time. Another
benefit of not transferring a program
to RAM is that all the RAM can be
used for variable storage if the program is stored in EPROM. The systemco ntrol values. MTOP and FREE.
always refer to RAM.
The XFER (transfer) command
transfers the currently selected program in EPROM to RAM and then
selects the RAM mode. After the
XFER command is executed. you can
edit the program in the same manner
any RAM program can be edited.
The PROG command programs the
resident EPROM with the current program (this is the only time th at the
+ 2I-V programming voltage needs to
be applied). The current program can
reside in either RAM or EPROM. After
PROG is typed. BASIC-52 displays the
number in the EPROM file the program will occupy.
Normally. after power is applied to
BY T E • AUGUST 1985
COMPASS EXH. 1005 – Page 18 of 21
CIRCUIT CELLAR
the BASIC-52 device. you must type
a space character to initialize the
8052AH's console port. As a convenience. BASIC-52 contains a PROG1
command. This command programs
the resident EPROM with the datatransmission-rate information. The
next time the MCS BASIC-52 device
is powered up. i.e.. reset. the chip will
read this information and initialize the
serial port with the stored data-transmission rate. The sign-on message will
be sent to the console immediately
after the BASIC-52 device completes
its reset sequence. The space character no longer needs to be typed .
The PROG2 command does everything the PROG1 command does. but
instead of signing on and entering the
command mode. the BCC-52 board
immediately begins executing the first
program stored in the resident
EPROM.
By using the PROG2 command. it
is possible to run a program from a
reset condition and never connect the
BCC-52 board to a console. In essence. saving PROG2 information is
equivalent to typing ROM 1 and RUN
in sequence. This is ideal for control
applications. where it is not always
possible to have a terminal present.
In addition. this feature lets you write
a special initialization sequence in
BASIC or assembly language and
generate a custom sign-on message
for specific applications.
POWERING UP THE BOARD
The best way to check out the BCC-52
board is to run it with the minimum
hardware first. With only ICs I. 2. 4-7.
9-11 . 13. and I 5 installed. we have an
8K-byte RAM-only system. After applying power. BASIC-52 clears the internal 8052AH memory; initializes the internal registers and pointers; and tests.
clears. and sizes the external memory.
BASIC-52 then assigns the top of external RAM to the system-control
value (MTOP) and uses this number
as the random-number seed. BASIC52 assigns the default-crystal value.
11 .0592 MHz. to the system-control
value (XTAL) and uses this default
value to calcu late all time-dependent
functions. like the EPROM program-
ming timer and the interrupt-driven
real-time clock. Finally. BASIC-52
checks external memory location
8000 to see if the data-transmissionrate information is stored. If the datatransmission rate is stored. BASIC-52
initializes the data-transmission-rate
generator (the 8052AH 's specialfunction register. T2CON) with this information and signs on. If not. BASIC52 interrogates the serial-port input
and waits for a space character to be
typed (automatic data-transmissionrate detection) .
If you have entered nothing on the
console device. BASIC-52 will appear
inoperative to the uninitiated. Simply
type a space. and the console device
should display the followi ng:
*MCS-52(tm) BASIC Vx.x*
READY
>
To see if the processor is operating
correctly. we type the follOWing:
>PRINT XTAL, TMOD, TCON ,
T2CON
BASIC-52 should respond with the
control and special-function values:
11059200 16 244 52
>
A WORD ABOUT THE BASIC
As I mentioned earlier. BASIC-52 is
oriented toward process control and
is significantly more powerful than a
tiny BASIC. Since most of you are
familiar with BASIC. I will not describe
individual instructions like DO . ..
WHILE and FOR ... NEXT. Instead.
I'd like to point out the pertinent features that demonstrate the exceptional small-package performance of
the BCC-52 board.
MCS BASIC-52 contains a minimumlevel line editor. Once a line is
entered. you can not change the line
without retyping it. However. it is possible to delete characters while a line
is in the process of being entered.
This is done by inserting a rubout or
delete character (7F). The rubout character will cause the last character
entered to be erased from the text input buffer. Additionally. preSSing
Control-D will cause the entire line to
be erased.
V ARIABLES AND EXPRESSIONS
The range of numbers that can be
represented in BASIC-52 (in decimal)
is + IE-127 to +0.99999999E+ 127.
It has eight digits of significance.
Numbers are internally rounded to fit
this precision. Numbers can be
entered and displayed in four formats:
integer. decimal. hexadecimal. and exponential. for example. 129. 34 .98.
OA6EH, 1.23456E+3.
Integers are numbers that range
from -32.768 to +32.767 decimal.
All integers can be entered in either
decimal or hexadecimal format. A
hexadecimal number is indicated by
placing the letter " H" after the
number. When an operator like AND
requires an integer, BASIC-52 will
truncate the fraction portion of the
number so that it will fit the integer format. All line numbers are
integers.
A variable can be either a letter (e.g.
A. X. I). a letter followed by a number
(e.g., 01. T7, L3). a letter followed by
a one-dimensioned expression (e.g.,
)(4). G(A+6), I(IO*SIN(X))). or a letter
followed by a number followed by a
one-dimensioned expression (e.g.,
AI(8). P7(DBY(9)). W8(A+B)). Variables with a one-dimensioned expression are called dimensioned or arrayed variables. Variables that involve
only a letter or a letter and a number
are called scalar variables.
BASIC-52 allocates variables in a
static manner. Each time a variable is
used. BASIC-52 allocates 8 bytes
specifically for that variable. This
memory cannot be deallocated on a
variable-by-variable basis. If you execute a statement like 0=3, later on
you cannot tell BASIC-52 that the variable 0 no longer exists and free up
the 8 bytes of memory that belong to
O. You can clear the memory allocated to variables with a CLEAR
statement.
Relative to a dimensioned variable,
it takes BASIC-52 much less time to
find a scalar variable. That's because
a scalar variable has no expression to
(continued)
AUGUST 1985 • BY T E
115
COMPASS EXH. 1005 – Page 19 of 21
CIRCU IT CELLAR
evaluate. If you want to make a program run as fast as possible. use dimensioned va riables o nly when you
have to. Use sca lar variables for intermediate variables. then assign th e
final result to a dimensioned variable.
An expression is a logical mathematical term that involves operators
(both unary and dyadic). constants.
and variables. Expressions can be
simple or quite complex. e.g.. 12 *
EXP(A)/IOO. H(I)+ 55. or (SIN(A)*
SIN(A)+COS(A)*COS(A))/2 A standalone variable Ivarl or constant lconstl
is also considered an expression.
REAL-TIME OPERATION
After RUN is typed. all variables are
set equal to zero. all BASIC-evoked interrupts are cleared. and program execution begins with the first line
number of the selected program. The
RUN command and the GOTO statement are the only ways you can execute a program in the command
mode. Program execution ca n be terminated at any time by typing a
Control-C on the console device.
Unlike some BASIC interpreters that
allow a line number to follow the RUN
command (e.g .. RUN 100). BASIC-52
does not permit such a variation on
the RUN command. Execution always
begins with the first line number. To
obtain the same function ality as the
RUN[ln num] . use GOTO[ln num] in
the direct mode.
The CLOCK1 statement enables the
software real-ti me clock in BASIC-52.
The special-fu nction operator time is
incremented o nce every 5 ms after
th e CLOCK1 statement has been executed. The CLOCK1 statement uses
timer/counter 0 in the 13-bit mode to
generate an interrupt once every
5 ms. Because of thi s. the specialfun ction operator time has a resolution of 5 ms.
BASIC-52 automatically calculates
the proper reload value for timer/
counter 0 after the crystal va lue has
been assigned (i.e.. XTAL = value. If no
crystal va lu e is assigned. MCS
BASIC-52 assumes a value of 110592
MHz). The special-function operator
time cou nts from 0 to 65.535.995 seconds. After reaching a count of
65.535.995 seconds. time overfl ows
back to a count of O.
The interrupts associated with the
CLOCK1 statement cause BASIC programs to run at about 99.6 percent of
normal speed. That means that the interrupt hancl,ling for the real-tim eclock feature consumes only about
0.4 percent of the total processor
time. This is small interrupt overhead.
The CLOCKO statement disables or
turns off the real-time-c1ock feature.
The TIME statement is used to
retrieve and/or assign a value to the
real-time clock after the CLOCK1
statement enables it. TIME = 5 presets the real-time clock to 5 seconds.
while ONTIME 30,100 causes the program to jump to line 100 when the
real-time clock reaches 30 seconds.
Finally. PWM might be useful to
literally add bells and whistles to your
next control application . PWM stands
for pulse-width modulation. It generates a user-defined pulse sequence
on IC5 pin 3.
The statement appears as PWM
50,50,100. The first expression following PWM is the number of clock
cycles the pulse will remain high . A
clock cycle is equal to 1.085 microseconds (110592-MHz crystal). The second expression is the number of clock
cycles the pulse will remain low; the
third expression is the total number
of cycles you want to output. All expressions in the PWM statement must
be valid integers. and the minimum
value for the first two expressio ns is
decimal 20.
These are only a few of the 103
commands. statements. and operato rs in BASIC-52. The User's Manual
describes them in detaii.
IN CONCWSION
Photo 3: Tlie BCC-52 and Term-Mite boards can be combined witli otlier BCC-series
periplieral devices to create control and data-acquisition systems. Here. tliey are combined
witli four BCC-13 8-cliannel. 8-bit A/D converter boards to make a 32-cliannel dataacquisition system.
116
This was a hard article for me to write.
but not for any of the reasons you
might think. So much is built into this
compact board that I am impatient to
use it. and it was hard to sit down and
write. Unfortunately. documentation is
the drudge work side of engineering.
It won't take long to put the BCC-52
board into some serious applications.
It might be a Si ngle-board computer.
but its configuration does not stop
with a single board. The BCC-52 is
BCC-series Z8-bus-compatible and
ca n be expanded using many o f the
B Y T E • AUGUST 198 5
COMPASS EXH. 1005 – Page 20 of 21
~ ';iIMd t6 ?U«t?~
riuadaJte
1/4. ~~ 'P1tia4 ~!
CIRCU IT CELLAR
1/4.';iI~~
projects and boards I've already designed For example, monitoring temperatures, controlling motors and
heaters, and reporting events are adequately handled by existing power I/O.
serial and parallel expansion, and A/D
co nverter boards (see photo 3),
This BASIC-52 project has just
started , Because of its power, I am inspi red to further develop applications
and peripheral support devices, While
a specific time has not been chosen,
I'll be back in a few month s with the
next chapter on the BCC-52,
CIRCUIT CELLAR FEEDBACK
This month's feedback is on page 376,
NEXT MONTH
Go beyond the Z80 wi th the Circu it
Cellar SB 180 computer. _
Diagrams and data perrinelit to the 8052A H BASIC chip are reprinted coLlrlesy of lhe IIile!
Corporation,
Ed itor 's Note: Steve o ften refers to previ o us
Circ uit Cellar articles, Most of these past articles are available in book form from BYTE
Books, McGraw-Hili Book Company. POB
400, Hightstown, NI 08250,
Ciarcia's Circuit Cellar, Volume I cove rs articles
in BYTE from September 1977 throug h
November 1978, Volume II covers December
1978 through lune 1980, Volume III covers l uly
1980 through December 1981. VolUll1e IV
covers l anuary 1982 through lun e 1983,
The fo llowing items a re available from
The Micromint Inc.
56 1 Willow Ave,
Ceda rhurst. NY 11516
1800) 645-3479 for orders
1203) 871 -6 170 for information
I. BCC-52 board with 8K bytes of RAM , Assembled and tested with operator's manual
and MCS BASIC-52 User's Manual, , , ,5239
2, Same as item I in kit form, , , , , ,5209
3, 8052A H-BAS IC chip with MCS BASIC-52
User's Manual, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,S80
Please include 54 for shipping and handling
in the continental Uni ted States, 58 elsew here, New York residents p lease in clude 8
percent sales tax, Connecticut re sid e nts
please include 7,5 percent sa les tax,
To receive a complete list of Ciarcia's Circuit Cellar proiect kits, circle 100 on the
reade r-service inquiry card at the back o f
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AUGUST 1985 • BY T E
117
COMPASS EXH. 1005 – Page 21 of 21