Download AD110/ADA110 User`s Manual - RTD Embedded Technologies, Inc.
Transcript
AD110/ADA110 User'sManual ffi RealTimeDevices, Inc. "AccessingtheAnalog World'ISO9001 and AS9100 Certified ADllO/ADAllO User'sManual ffi REALTIMEDEVICES, INC. Drive 820 NorthUniversity PostOfficeBox906 StateCollege, Pennsylvania 16804 Phone:(814)234-8087 FAX:(814)234-5218 Publishedby RealTimeDevices,Inc. 820N. UniversityDr. P.O.Box 906 StateCollege,PA 16804 Copyright@ 1991by RealTime Devices,Inc. All rightsreserved Prinredin U.S.A. Rev.B 9211 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION (ADA1I0 Only)........... Digital-to-Analog Conversion .......t-3 WhatComes CHAPTER I - BOARD SETTINGS Factory-Configured SwitchandJumperSettings P2- BaseAddress(FactorySetting:200hex(512decimal))................. P3 - IntemrptChannelSelection(FactorySetting:Disabled) P5- D/A OutputVoltageRange(FactorySetting:0 o +2.56vols) ........... P6 - Single-EndedlDifferential AnalogInput Select(FactorySetting:Single-Ended) P7- ExternalTriggerIn (FactorySening:Disabled) Sl - A/D Conversion Rate(FactorySetting:7.5H2) ChangingtheProgrammable GainSenings........ CHAPTER 2 _ BOARD INSTALLATION l-l .................... ...............1-3 ..............1-4 ..........1-4 .........1-5 ..............1-5 .......................1-5 .......................1-6 ................1-6 2-l BoardInstallation....... theAnalogInputPins Connecting Connectingthe Digital Connecting theTriggerIn andTriggerOutPins.... ............2-4 ........2-5 ConnectingttreReset CHAPTER3 - HARDWAREDESCRIPTION 3-1 ProgrammablePeripheral CHAPTER 4 _ BOARD OPERATION AND PROGRAMN{ING Continuous ConvertMode........... D/A Convers .............4.I .........4-5 BA + 0: PPIPortA - ReadA/D Data(ReadOnly) BA + l: PPIPortB - DigitalVO (ReadflMrite) ................ BA + 2: PPI Port C - A/D Conrol/DigrtalVO (Read/Write) BA + 3: PPIConrolWord(ReadlTVrire)................. BA + 4: Status@eadOnly)........... BA + 8: D/A Converter (WriteOnly)........... BASIC Turbo Pascal Turbo C LexiconTestandDiagnostics Too1............. ...................4-10 .........4-11 .....4-rl ....................4-t2 .....4-t3 ..........4-13 .............4-14 CHAPTER 5 - CALIBRATION .................. 5-I APPENDIX A - IlO SPECIFICATIONS APPENDIX B - CONNECTORPIN ASSIGNMENTS.. APPENDIX C - COMPONENTDATA SHEETS APPENDIX D _LEXICON 110... APPENDIX E - WARRANTY.... Lt .B-1 c-1 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1-1 t-2 1-3 r-4 l-5 l-6 t-7 1-8 2-l aa 2-3 2-4 2-5 3-1 3-2 4-i 4-2 4-3 44 4-5 4-6 4-7 5-l 5-2 BoardLayoutShowingFactory{onfiguredSettings BaseAddress n ................ Jumper, IntemrptChannelSelection Jumper,P3 ............... D/A OutputVoltageRange,P5 ............... Single-Ended/Differential AnalogInputSelect,P6................ ExternalTriggerIn, P7 .......... AID Conversion RateSwitch,S1................ ConrollingtheProgrammable Gains P4UO ConnectorPin Assignments Single-Ended InputConnection.............. DifferentialInput ConnectionWithoutGroundReference DifferentialInput ConnectionWith GroundReference.... Cascading Two Boardsfor Simultaneous Sampling AD110/ADAII0BlockDiagram D/A Converter for ImprovedSenlingTime ............ Configuration PPIInterconnect Diagram SeuingtheGainto 100UsingBit SetfiesetFunction...... SingleConvertModeTimingDiagram ContinuousConvertModeTiming Diagram SingleConvertModeFlow Diagram Continuous Convert, ModeFlow Diagram Boards,SingleConvertModeFlow Diagram Cascaded AdjustableVoltageSource.......... BoardLayoutShowingCalibration Trimpots...... ul ................1-3 1-4 ...................... .....................1-5 1-5 ............. ........................1-5 ..........1-5 ..........1-6 ...................1-6 ...........-..........2-3 ..............24 .......24 .........2-5 .................2-6 .........................3-3 ................34 ................4-3 .........4-4 ................4-5 ........4-5 ....................4-6 ............4-7 ...........4-8 .....5-3 ......................5-4 tv INTRODUCTION i-2 The AD110 andADA110 differentialintegratinganalogI/O boardsturn your IBM PC/XT/AT or compatible computerinto a high-performancedataacquisitionand control system.Installedwithin a singleshort or full-size expansionslot in thecomput€r,each110seriesboardfeatures: . . . . . . Onedifferentialor single-ended analoginputchannel, 12-bitintegratingA/D converterfor high stabilityandexceptionalnoiseimmunity, gainsof 1, 10,and 100, Programmable Trigger in and trigger out for cascadingboards, 12 TTL/CMOS digital I/O lines, Single8-bit digital-to-analog outputchannel(ADAI10 only). The following paragraphsbriefly describettremajor functionsof the boards.More detaileddiscussionsof board functionsareincludedin Chapter3, HardwareDescription,andChapter4,Board OperationandProgramming.T\e boardsetupis de,scribed in Chapterl,Board Settings. Analog-to-DigitalConversion The analog-to-digital(A7D)circuitry receivesa single-channeldifferential or single-endedanaloginput and convertsthis input ino a 12-bit digital dataword which can thenbe readand,/ortransferredto PC memory. The analoginput channelcanbe set for single-endedor differential operationby settinga jumper on the board. Theinput voltagerangeis -5 to +5 volts for a gainof I (therangeis -0.5to +0.5volts for gain= l0; -.05to +.05 volts for gain = 166;.The conversionrateis switch-selectable for eittrer7.5 or 30H2. The 7.5 Hzrate provideshigh rejection(over60 dB) of 60 Hz line noise. A/D conversions areperformedby a 12-bit(plussignbit showingpolarity)dual-slopeintegratingconverter. gainsof 1, 10,and 100let you discernchangesin theinput voltageas smallas 13microvolts. Theprogrammable The converteddatais readand/ortransferredto PC memory,onebyte at a time, throughthe PC databus. Digital-to-AnalogConversion(ADA110Only) The digital-o-analog(D/A) circuitryfeaturesa single8-bit D/A converterwhich hasa jumper-selectable analog oulputrangeof 0 to +2.56volts or 0 to +10 volts.D/A conversions areriggeredby writing an 8-bit word to the converter.Whenevera word is written to the D/A converter,it automaticallyperformsthe conversionand thenwaits for moredata0obegin the next conversion. Digital VO The 110seriesboardshave 12 TTL/CMOS-compatibledigital VO lines which canbe directly interfacedwith externaldevicesor signalsto senseswitch closures,rigger digilal events,or activatesolid-staterelays.The lines are providedby tle on-board8255programmableperipheralinterface@PI) chip. What ComesWith Your Board You receivethefollowing itemsin your 110seriespackage: . AD110 or ADAI 10interfaceboard . Softwareand diagnosticsdiskefiewith exampleprogramsin BASIC, Turbo Pascal,and Turbo C; sourcecode . IJser'smanual pleasecall RealTime Devices'CustomerServiceDepartrnent If any item is missingor damaged, at (814)234-8087.If you requireserviceoutsidetheU.S.,contactyour local distribuor. In addition to the items includedin your ll0 package,Real Time Devicesoffen a full line of boardaccessories. Key accessories for the I l0 seriesincludethe ND(32analoginput expansionboardwittr 16differentialor singleendedinput channels,the TB40 terminalboardand XMO prototype/terminalboardfor prototypedevelopmentand easysignalaccess,EX-XT andEX-AT extenderboardsfor simplified testingand debuggingof prototypecircuitry, andTW40 twisted pair and XC40 singlewire flat ribbon cableassembliesfor extemalinterfacing. i-3 UsingThis Manual This manualis intendedto helpyou installyour newboardandget it runningquickly,while alsoproviding enoughdetail aboutthe boardandis functionsso that you canenjoy maximumuseof its featuresevenin the most We assumethatyou alreadyhavean understanding complexapplications. of dataacquisitionprinciplesandthatyou cancustomizethe examplesoftwareor write your own apptcationsprograms. When You NeedHelp This manualand the exampleprogramsin fte softwarepackageincludedwith your boardprovide enough informationto properly useall of theboard'sfeatures.If you haveany problemsinstalling or using this board, contactour TechnicalSupportDepar0nent,(814) 234-8087,duringregularbusinesshours,qutern standardtime or easterndaylighttime,or senda FAX requestingassistance to (814)234-5218.Whensendinga FAX request,please includeyour company'snameandaddress,your name,your telephonenumber,and a brief descriptionof the problem. i4 CHAPTER 1 BOARD SETTINGS The 110boardhasjumperandswitchsettingsyou canchange if necessary for your application.Theboardis factory-configured with the mostoftenusedsettings.The factorysettingsarelisted and shownon a diagramin thebeginningof this chapter.Should you needto changethesesettings,usetheseeasy-to-followinstructionsbeforeyou installthe boardin your computer. Also notethatby installingresistorsat two locationson the gain board,R9 andR10,you canincreasetheprogrammable settingsof x10 andx100to anyvaluesyou choose.The procedure for customizingthe gainis describedat theendof this chapter. 1-t Factory-ConfiguredSwitchand Jumper Settings Table l-1 liss tle factorysettingsof the user-configurable switchandjumperson ttre110board.Figure1-l showstheboardlayoutandthe locationsof thefactory-setjumpers.Thefollowingparagraphs explainhow to changethe factorysettings. Table1-1- FactorySettings Switch/ Jumper FunctlonControlled FactorySettlng P2 Setsthe baseaddress 300 hex (768 decimal) P3 Conneclsthe A/D End-of-convert signalto an interruptchannel Disabled(not connectsd) P5 Setsthe D/Aoulputvohagerange (ADA110 only) 0 to +2.56vohs P6 Setsthe analoginputtype Single-ended P7 Connects an externallriggerfor simullaneous of cascaded boards Disabled(notconnected) triggering S1 Setsthe A,/Dconversionrale 7.5Hz =n -U ,r'l t255 _n -l I "H u2 sa R..l Tim. O.vh.s, lm. Sl.l. Coll.g., P.. 16E04 C23 Ur2 .- (-l A D 1 1 o / A D A 1 1 o" _ l f i : : : : : l & Control E?;# DataAcquisition pr A3r System H 7I ./ (f -f)/cfr e f f Ll <3_9J + {_lclt Settings Fig.1-1- BoardLayoutShowingFactory-Configured 1-3 P2 - BaseAddress(Factory Setting:200 hex (512decimal)) Oneof themostcommoncausesof failurewhenyou arefirst trying your boardis addresscontention.Someof your computer'sI/O spaceis alreadyoccupiedby internalI/O andotherperipherals. Whenthe 110boardattempsto useI/O addresslocationsalreadyusedby anotherdevice,contentionresultsandthe boarddoesnot work. To avoidthisproblem,the 110hasa headerconnector,P2, whichletsyou selectany oneof eightstarting in thecomputer'sI/O. Shouldthefactorysettingof 300hex (768decimal)be unsuitablefor your system, addresses you can selecta different baseaddress.Theseaddresses are,from left o right on P2: Hexadeclmal Declmal 200 s12 240 576 280 640 2C0 704 300 768 340 832 380 896 3C0 960 To changethebaseaddresssetting,removethejumperfrom thefactorysetting(300hex)and,usingFigure1-2 asa guide,install it in thedesiredlocation.Recordthenewbaseaddresssettingon thetableinsidethe backcoverof this manual. ooPooo ItoLtoto orNN(9ctG, P 2 8(\| oooo oooo ?o" oooo Fig.1-2- BaseAddress P2 Jumper, P3 - Interrupt ChannelSelection(Factory Setting:Disabled) HeaderconnectorP3, locatednearthe bottom centerof the board,lets you connectthe A/D converter'send-ofconvertsignalto any of thecomputer'sintemrptchannels,IRQ2 (highestpriority channel)throughIRQT (lowest priority channel).Thejumperis sored acrosstle top two leftmostpins,asshownin Figurel-3. By placingthis jurnper vertically acrossthe pins of one of the IRQ channels,the end-of-convertsignalcan be usedto generate intemrpts. Before trying o useintemrpts,you mustbe familiar with theprocedurefor initializing the intemrpt vectorsand the PC's interrupt controller,and seuingup the intemrpt handlingroutines.Theseproceduresare beyondthe scope of this manual,but mustbe understoodo effectively useintemrptsin your computersystom. Also, be careful to avoid contentionwith otherdevicesthat may useintemrpts in your computerwhen you chooseyour intemrptchannel.To avoidcontention,usethetableinsidethebackcoverof this manualto recordthe intemrptchannelyou haveselected. It is alsovery importantto note that the boardinternrptsourceis a TTL totem-pole(pushlpull) type output; it is Therefore,do not connectthis intenuptto anyotherintemrptoutput! not open-collector. t4 P3 a E HOOOO oooooo N(9rtn(oF Fig. 1-3 - InterruptChannelSelectionJumper, P3 P5 - D/A Output VoltageRange(Factory Setting:0 to +2.56volts) P5, shownin Figure 14, setstheD/A outputrangeat0 n +2.56volts or 0 to +10 volts.Thisjumperis usedon theADAIl0 boardonlv. P5 nE= Fig. 1-4 - D/A OutputVoltageRange, P5 P6 - Single-Ended/DifferentialAnalog Input Select(Factory Setting:Single-Ended) P6, shownin Figurel-5, setsthe analoginputchannelfor single-ended or differentialoperation. P6 tll l.ol SE Fig. 1-5 - DIFF Single-Ended/DifferentiatAnalog lnputSelect,P6 P7 - External Trigger In (Factory Setting: Disabled) P7, shownin Figure 1-6,enablesanddisablesthe externaltrigger input. When thejumper is set to the enabled position,the externaltrigger in pin (pin 10) at I/O connectorP4 is connectedto the A/D converterso that two or moreboardscanbe run synchronouslyin a "master/slave"configuration.Note that this headerconnectorenables and disablesthe nigger in only; it doesnot affect the trigger out EXTTRIG 9z out Fig.1-6- ExternalTrigger In,P7 l-5 Sl - A/D ConversionRate @actorySetting:7.5H2) DIP switchSl., shownin Figure1-7,configurestheboardto performA/D conversions at a rateof 7.5 converper second(30 Hz). Thefour switchesoperateasa goup. Whenatl of sionsper second(7.5 Hz) or 30 conversions the switchesarein the DOWN (closed)position,theconversionrateis 7.5 Hz. This settingprovidesmaximum rejectionof 60 Hz line noise.When all of the switchesare in theUP (open)position, the conversionrate is 30 IIz. When changingthe settings,makesureALL FOUR switchesareset to the sameposition. Notethattheboardhasbeenfactory-calibrated for a7.5Hz rate.If you changetherate,you may needto recalibratethe board.Chapter5, Calibration, explainstheprocedures. TT!T 30HZ 7.5H2 s1 Fig.1-7- A/DConversion RateSwitch, Sl Changingthe ProgrammableGain Settings gainsof l, 10,and 100.For evengrcatergainflexibility, two emptyresistor The 110boardhasprogrammable locationsareprovidedon yoru boardso that you canselectttregain valuesyou want. You canset ttrex10 gain input to any valuegreater than xl0, andthex100gaininput to anyvaluegreater than 100.Notethat thegainscanonly be increasedfrom their basevalues;they cannotbe decreased. ResistorR9 controlsthe x10 input and shouldbe used to covergainsfrom 10to 99.ResistorR10 controlsthexl00 input andshouldbe usedto setgainsof greaterthan 100.Figure 1-8 showshow theseresisbrs areconnectedto theFCA. The formulaswill help you find the correct resistancevaluefor your desiredgain.Note that the further you get from the PGA's setgainsof 10 and 100,the moregain drift you will have,which can causeerrorsin your readings. R9= [10.8KfY(Desired Gain- 10)] R10= [108](Y(Desired Gain- 100] Values Galn/Resistance Galn 20 R9 Value 1.081(c) R10Value 200 1.08KO 30 540cr 300 540fi 40 360rl 400 360c) 50 270r2 500 270A Fig.1-8- Controlling the Programmable Gains 1-6 Gain CHAPTER2 BOARD INSTALLATION The 110boardis easyto installin your IBM PCIXT/AT or compatiblecomputer.It canbeplacedin any slot,shortor fullsize.This chaptertells you step-by-step how to install andconnect the board. 2-l 2-2 Board Installation Keepthe boardin its antistaticbag until you arereadyto install it in your computer.When removingit from the bag,hold theboardat theedgesanddo not touchthecomponents or connectors. Beforeinstallingtheboardin your computer,checkthejumpersettings.Chapter1 reviewsthefactorysettings andhow to changethem.If you needto changeanysettings,referto theappropriateinstructionsin Chapter1.Note that incompatiblejumper settingscanresult in unpredictableboardoperationanderraticrcsponse. To install theboard: l. Turn OFF the power to your computer. 2. Removethe top coverof thecomputerhousing(referto yourowner'smanualif you do not alreadyknow how to do this). 4. Selectany unusedshortor full-sizeexpansionslotandremovetheslot bracket. 5. Touchthemetalhousingof thecomputerto dischargeany stiaticbuildupandthenremovetheboardfrom its antistaticbag. 6. Holdingtheboardby its edges,orientit so thatits cardedge(bus)connectorlinesup with theexpansionslot connectorin thebottomof theselectedexpansionslot. 7. After carefullypositioningtheboardin theexpansionslot so thatthecardedgeconnectoris restingon the computer'sbusconnector,gentlyandevenlypressdownon theboarduntil it is securedin theslot NOTE: Do not force the boardino the slot. If theboarddoesnot slide ino place,removeit and try again. Wiggling the boardor exertingtoo muchpressurecanresult in damageto the boardor to the comput€r. 8. After the boardis insalled, securethe slot bracketback ino placeandput the coverbackon your computer. The boardis now readyto be connectedvia the externalVO connectorat the rear panelof your comput€r. External VO Connections Figure2-1 showsthe 110'sP4IIO connectorpinout.Referto this diagramasyou makeyour I/O connections. NALOGGI'D AOUT l{,c. L.c. t{.c. L.c. IXALOG CI{D N.C. lt.c. il.c. A I N1 + at,|t. lt.c. ]t.c. STATUS DIOITALOI{D TFIGOEROUT DI6IIAL CND TBIGGEBIN DIGTTALC}ID PC7 PC6 PC5 PCa lt.c. ltC. 1{.C. BESET DRV ?47 PA6 PA5 PB' PA3 Pa2 PBl PBO +12 VOLTS .r2 volTs +5 VOLTS DIG]TALOiIO Fig.2-1- P4l/OConnector PinAssignments 2-3 Connectingthe Analog Input Pins Single-Ended.Whenoperatingin the single-ended mode,connectthehigh sideof theanaloginput to analog input channelAINI+ andconnectthelow sideto AINI-, whichis a dedicatedanaloggroundin single-ended operation.Figurc2-2 showshow theseconnections aremade. 110 I/O CONNECTOR P4 InputConnection Fig.2-2 - Single-Ended Differential. When operatingin the differential mode,twistedpair cableis recommendedo reducetlte effects of magneticcoupling at the input. Your signalsourcemay or may not havea separategroundreference.Figure 2-3 showshow to connectthe input if you do not havea groundreferencefrom ttresignalsource,andFigure 24 shows you how to makethe connectionswith a groundreferencefrom the signalsource. If your signalsoarceDOESNOT HAVE a ground referencesignal: . Refer to Figure 2-3 andinstall a 10 kilohm resistorbetweenAINI- (P4-I2) and ANALOG GND (P4-7)to provide a referenceto ground.Next, connectthe high sideof the analoginput to analoginput channelAINI+ andconnectthelow sideof theinput to AINI-, asshownin Figure2-3. 110 I/O CONNECTOR WithoutGroundReference Fig.2-3- DifferentialInputConnection 24 It your signalsaurceHAS a groand referencesignal: . Referto Figure24 andconnectthehigh sideof theanaloginput to analoginput,channelAINI+ andconnect thelow sideof theinput to AINI-. Then,connectthegroundfrom the signalsourceto ANALOG GND (P4-7',). 110 I/O CONNECTOR SIGNAL I I+ souRcE ou' { t' GNO Fig.2-4 - DifferentialInput ConnectionWith Ground Relerence Connectingthe Digital VO Pins For all digital I/O connections, PB0-7andPC4-7,thehigh sideof an extemalsignalsourceor destination deviceis connectedo theappropriatesignalpin on theVO connector,andthelow sideis connectedto any DIGITAL GND. Connectingthe Trigger In and Trigger Out Pins The 110boardhasan extemalrigger input (P4-19)andoutput(P4-17)so thattwo or moreboardscanbe cascadedandrun synchronouslyin a "master/slave"configuration.By cascadingtwo (or more)boardsas shownin Figure 2-5, they canbe riggered to stafi an AID conversionat exactly the sametime. Connectingthe StatusPin The STATUS oueut canbe connectedto an externalcircuit which monitorsthe statusof the A,IDconverter. Connectingthe ResetDrv Pin The RESETDRV pin canbe usedto connecttheRESETsignalgeneratedby the PC o extemalcircuitry. 2-5 110 I/O CONNECTOR P4 EOARDII (HASTE R) EXT TFIC 2a l".il R I G G E FO U T l"' " I P7 E O A N D1 2 ( s L A vE ) 3a T N I G G E NI N t"-,1 l" o'l P7 Two Boardsfor Simultaneous Sampling Fig.2-5- Cascading 2-6 CHAPTER 3 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION This chapterdescribesthefeaturesof the 110hardware.The majorcircuitsarethe A/D, D/A, andtheprograrnmable peripheral interfacewhich includesthedigital VO lines.Boardintemrptsare alsodescribedin this chapter. 3-2 peripheral The 110boardhasthreemajorcircuis, theA/D, theD/A (ADAI l0 only),andtheprogrammable interface@PI) which includesthe digital I/O lines.Figure 3-1 showsttreblock diagramof theboard.This chapter describeshardwarewhich makesup themajorcircuits.It alsodiscusses intemrpts. 0 TO +2.56v 0 TO +10.0V Fig.3-1- AD110/ADA110 BlockDiagram A/D ConversionCircuitry conversions on a singleanaloginputchannel.The following pamThe 110boardperformsanalog-to-digital graphsdescribethe A/D circuitry. Analog Input The input type is jumper-selectablefor single-endedor differential operation.Single-endedoperationis typically usedwhen the analoginput voltagesourceis closeto the boardand the volnge levelsarefairly high (greaterthan10.5 vols for a gainof 1). Thedifferentialmodeprovidesnoiseimmunitywhenlong cablerunsare signallevelsarelow, or surroundingelectricalnoiseis high. unavoidable, The input rangeis -5 o +5 volts for a gainof 1.Gainis usedto matchtheinput voltagelevelsbeingmeasured ascloselyaspossiblewith theboard'sinput voltagerange.For analoginputsrangingbetween+500millivolts, a gain of 10 can be used;and for analoginputsrangingbetween+50 millivolts, a gain of 100canbe used.In addition, thex10 andx100gainscanbe increasedto any desiredvalueasdescribedat the endof Chapterl. Becauseit theresolutionof theconversion.For example, reducestheinput voltagerange,increasingthe gainalsoincreases in thedigitizeddata.Althoughovervolt13 microvolts reflected are whenthegain is setto 100,voltagechangesof +12 whenusingthegains,not to you provided especially mustbe careful, volts is at theinput, ageprotectionta connectexcessiveinput voltagesto theboard. J-J A,/DConverter The dual slopeintegratingAID converterperformsconversionsat a rateof either 7.5 or 30 times per second, dependingon the settingof DIP switchSl. The outputis a l2-bit datawordplus a signbit which tells you whether the digital valuerepresentsa positiveor a negativevoltage. Theconvertersamplestheinput voltageovera windowof time beforeperformingtheconversion.Theconverter mq$ures the time requiredto chargeand dischargea capacitor.A counterand a referencein the A/D chip determinethe integrationperiod. Becausethe input signalis sampledfor a specifiedperiod insteadof being instantaneouslycapturedby a sample-and-hold device,spikesandglitcheswhich may be presentat theinput areaveraged oul Theresultis a highly accurateconversion. D/A Converter(ADA110Only) A single8-bit digital-toanalogoutputchannelis includedon theADAll0 board.The outputvoltagerangeis jumper-selectable for 0 to +2.56voltsor 0 to +10 volm,providinga resolutionof 10.0or 39.1millivolts, respectively. When using the D/A converter,you may or may not noticethat the settlingtime for negative-goingoutput voltagesmay be longer thanfor positive-goingoutputvoltages.This is becauseof the internalconsrucdon of the D/A converterchip. If you want to improvethe negative-goingsettlingtime, you canadd a 24 kilohm pull-down resistorbetweenthe D/A outputandthePC bus-12 volt supplyat externalI/O connectorP4, pin 20.Figwe3-2 canbe made. showshow theseconnections -12V (P4-3s) Time Settling Configuration lor lmproved Fig.3-2- D/AConverler ProgrammablePeripheralInterface The programmableperipheralinterface(PPI) is usedfor digital VO functions.This high-performarceTtLl CMOS compatiblechip has24 digit:dI/O linesdividedinto two goups of 12lineseach: GroupA - port A (8 lines) andport C upper(4 lines); GroupB - port B (8 lines)andport C lower (4 lines). Twelvelinesareusedfor on-boardfunctions.Port A's eightlinesareusedto readthe 8-bit MSB andLSB outputsfrom the A/D converter.Port C's lower four lines areusedto control the gain selectionand the AID converter.The 12remaininglines in the groups,port B andport C upper,areavailablefor your use.Chapter4 explains how you cancontroltheselines. 34 Interrupts The 110boardprovidesan end-of-convertinterruptsignalwhich canbe used!o interruptthe computerwhenan AID conversionis completed.This signalis the inverseof the stafts signalgeneratedby the A,/D converterand can be connectedto any one of intemrpt lines IRQ2 throughIRQT by an on-boardjumper installedon headerconnector P3. Theboardis shippedwith theintemrptsignaldisabled.If you connecttheend-of-convert to oneof theintemrpt channels,an intemrpt will occurwhenthe line transitionsfrom low (converting)to high (not converling).We recommendthat you havean understandingof how to useintemrptsin your systembeforeyou connectthe end-ofconvertto an IRQ channel. 3-5 CHAPTER 4 BOARD OPERATIONAND PROGRAMMING This chapterdescribesthe operatingmodesandprovidesflow diagramsanda completedescriptionof the VO mapto aid you in programmingyour 110board.The exampleprogramsincludedon the disk in your boardpackagearelistedat theendof this chapter. Theseprogftrms,writtenin BASIC, TurboPascal,andTurboC, includesourcecodeto simplify your applicationsprogramming. 4-1 4-2 A/D Conversions Beforeyou arereadyto starttaking A/D conversions,you must initialize theprogrammableperipheralinterface (PPI) and selectthe gain (whenyou initialize the PPI, ttregain is automaticallysetto l). The softwareprovidedwith your boardcontainsexampleprogramsfor boardinitialization. You canmonitortheconversionstatususingthe statusbit at I/O addresslocationBA + 4. Whenbit 0 of this word goeshigh, it meansa conversionis in progress.Whenit goeslow, theconversionis completed.Whenyou are monitoringthe statusline, makesureyou seeit go high andthenlow beforeyou assumetle conversionis completed.This line doesnot go high until slightly after the StartConvertline startsa conversion,which meansthat you could reada false low when ilte convenion first begins.(Rememberthat the statussignalis invertedto derive the end-of-convertsignal which canbe monitoredthroughan IRQ line. The end-of-convertline is low during a conversionandgoeshigh whentheconversionis completed.) Initializing the PPI Someof the lines of thePPI conrol the A/D convefierandset theprognmmablegain. The l2lines which are usedduring A,/Dconversionare ttreeight lines of port A (PA0 throughPA7) andthe four lower lines of port C (pCQ throughPC3).Port A's eight lines are usedto carry the converteddatr. This datais output from the A/D converterin two 8-bit words, an MSB andan LSB. The four lines of port C lower areusedto control rhegain selectionand A/D conversion.Figure4-1 showshow ttrePPI interfaceswiilr the converterandprogxammable gain amplifier. To settheselines up so that you cancontrol ttregain and takeA/D conversions,the PPI mustbe initialized wheneveryou power up or resetyour system.This is doneby nwitingdatato thePPI control word at I/O address location BA + 3. The I/O mapis definedlater in this chapter.The PPI mustbe setup like this: D7 D6 D5 D3 D4 D2 D1 DO X = userdefined(seeBA+ 3 registerdefinition laterin thischapter) EXT TRIGGER IN A/D CONVERTER 82s5PPI DO.D7 PORTA (8 B|TS) PORTB (8 Btrs) PCz PORTC PC4-7 (4 B|TS) RN/HLD HBEN LBEN STATUS DIGITAL lto DIGITAL vo PC3 */1 lr- ecoI cArN Pc1I sELEcr STATUS OUT Fig.4-1- PPIInterconnect Diagram 4-3 Settingthe Gain You canset the gain by witing to lines PCOandPCI of port C, I/O addresslocation BA + 2. When you initializethePPI,ttregainis automaticallysetto 1. Thegaincontrolsettingsare: Galn PCI Setting PC0 sening x1 0 0 x10 1 0 x100 0 1 lnvalid 1 1 Note that when you write to port C to changettregain setting,you mustpreservethe other six bits of data(PC2 throughPC7)asyou hadttremif you wantthosesettingsto be unchanged. Thereis a way to individually setandresetthe lines of port C by writing the correctdatato the control word at addresslocationBA + 3. For example,you canindividuallyset(to logic 1) or reset(to logic 0) PCOandPCI by writing two setsof datato the control word (not to pon C!) as shownin Figure4-2 below. This exampleshows how to setthegainto 100.Whenthe mostsignificantbit" D7, of thecontrolword is setto 0, it activatesthebit seVreset functionwhich lets you individuallysetor resetany oneof port C's bits: X Sets PCOto 1: (writtento BA+3) D7 D6 D5 D4 D2 D3 D1 X = don'tcare SeVReset FunctionBit DO Set PCO Bit Select 000= Pco 0 Sets PCI to 0: (writtento BA+ 3) D7 SeVReset Functlon lon Bit D6 D5 D3 D4 D2 X = don'tcars D1 DO ResetPC1 Bit Select 001- PC1 Fig.4-2- Settingthe Gainto 100UsingBitSet/Reset Function 44 A"/DConversionModes The AID convertercanperform convenionsin two modes, SingleConvertatd Couinuous Canvert.The board is typicallyusedin theContinuousConvertmode. Two linesfrom PPI port C, PC2andPC3,areusedto conEoltheconversions. Theselinescanbe setby writing to PPI port C (BA + 2) or by usingthe singlebit set/resetfunction describedin the previoussection,Settingthe Gain, andunderBA + 3 inthe Defining theIIO Map secton later in this chapter.PC2 conrols the StartConverr function.WheneverPC2is high,conversions canbe started.PC3determines whichbyteof theconverteddata,the MSB or theLSB, is to be readat PPIport A. WhenPC3is low, theMSB is read;whenit is high,theLSB is read. For eachconvenion, the MSB is typically readfrst, followed by theLSB. . SingleConvert Mode The SingleConvertmodelets you performa singleA,/Dconversioneachtime you pulsethe StartConvertline, PC2,high.Figure4-3 showsthe timing dia$am for thismode,andFigure4-5 providesa flow diagram. Start Convert PC2 Done I -l lr Status = Converting Status + PC3 ReadData MSB LSB Fig. 4-3 - SingleConvertMode Timing Diagram . ContinuousConvert Mode The ContinuousConvertmodelets you performcontinuousA/D conversionsby keepingthe StartConvertline, PC2, high. Figure4-4 showsthe timing diagramfor this mode,andFigure 4-6 providesa flow diagram. Start Convert PC3 ReadData MSB LSB Fig.4-4- Continuous ConvertModeTimingDiagram 4-5 MSB LSB Program8255PPI: PortA in, PortC-Lowout SelectGain: F o r x 1P , C I = 0 , P C O= 0 F o r x 1 0P, C l = 1 ,P C O= 0 F o r x 1 0 0P, C I = 0 , P C O= 1 StartConversion PC2=1 CheckStatus Status= 1? Stop Conversion PC2=0 CheckStatus Status= 0? Set PCS-- 0 to enableMSB ReadPPIPortA for MSB Set PCS= 1 to enableLSB StopProgram Fig.4-5- SingleConvertModeFlowDiagram Program8255PPI: PortA in, PortC-Lowout SelectGain: Forx1,PC1= 0, PCO= 0 F o r x 1 0P, C 1= 1 ,P C O= 0 Forx100,PCI = 0, PCO= t StartConversion PC2=1 CheckStatus Status= 1? CheckStatus Status= 0? Set PC3= 0 to enableMSB ReadPPIPortA lor MSB Set PCS= 1 to enableLSB ReadPPIPortA lor LSB StopConversion PC2=0 StopProgram Fig.4-6- Continuous ConvertModeFlowDiagram . CascadingBoards Two or moreboardscan be cascadedand riggered so that A/D conversionsareperformedsimultaneouslyon eachboard.Figure 4-7 providesa flow diagramfor cascadedoperation.Chapter2 showshow !o connectthe boards for simulaneoustriggering. BOARDS I &2 Program8255PPI: PortA in, PortC-Lowoul BOARDS1 & 2 Selecl Caain: Forx1,PC1=0,PCo=0 F o r x 1 0P,C 1= 1 ,P C o = 0 Forx100,PCI = 0, PCo= 1 Set PC3 - 0 lo enaHe MSB Set PC3 = 0 to enaHe MSB ReadPPI PortA for MSB Set PC3 = 1 to enaHe LSB S€t PC3 = 1 lo enaue LSB Fig.4-7- CascadedBoards,SingleConvertModeFlowDiagram 4-8 D/A Conversions(ADA110Only) The single8-bit analogoutputchannelon theADAll0 boardletsyou generateoutputvoltagesin therangeof 0 to +2.56voltsor 0 to +10 volts,dependingon theP5jumpersetting.The0 to +2.56volt rangehasa bit weightof 10.0millivohs,andthe0 to +10 volt rangehasa bit weightof 39.06millivolts. OneVO write operationto address locationBA + 8 loadsthe8-bit dataword into theD/A converterandstartstheconversion. Digital VO The programmableperipheralinrerfacehas24 digital I/O lines, 12 of which areavailablefor your use.The Z linesaredividedinto three8-bit ports,port A (PA0-7),port B @80-7),andportC. Port C is furthersubdividedinto port C lower (PC0-3)andport C upper(PC4-7).PortA andport C lower are alreadyusedby the boardfor AID conversionand gain control. Port B andport C uppercanbe usedin this PPI operatingmodeonly: Mode 0 - Basic inpuVouFut.Irs you usesimpleinput andoutputoperationsfor a port. Data is written to or readfrom the specifiedport. NOTE: If you know aboutthe operationof the 8255PPI or readthe includeddatasheet,thenyou may also know that a two otler modes,mode I (srobed input/output)andmode2 (srobed bidirectionalinput/output),exist for the chip. However,sincethesemodesrequirethe useof port C lower or port A, they are not availableon the ll0 board. ThePPI is configuredby writing a controlword to its internalregisterat I/O addresslocationBA + 3. Six of the eightbits in the conrol word arealreadydefinedby boardinitializationrequirements. Theremainingtwo bits,bir 1 andbit 3, configureportsB andC upperasinput or outputports.SeethesectiononDefiningtheIIO Maplatern this chapterfor a completedefinition of the PPI control word andports A, B, andC datawords. Seethe 8255PPI datasheetin AppendixC for moreoperationalinformation. Interrupts The A/D converterstatussignalis invertedandsentto headerconnectorP3 asan end-of-convertsignalwhereit canbejumperedto oneof six intemrptchannels,IRQ2 throughIRQ7.The end-of-convert signalis low wheneveran A/D conversionis in progess.Whenthesignalaansitionsto a high (logic 1) state,an intemrptis sentto the computertelling it that the conversionis completed.Your boardis shippedwittr the interruptdisabled. 4-9 Definingthe VO Map The VO mapfor the AD110andADA110 is shownin Table4-1.The baseaddress(designated asBA) canbe selectedby settingthejumperon P2,asdescribedin Chapterl, Board Seuings.Oneof eighrstartingaddress locationscanbe selected.Theboardis shippedwith thebaseaddresssetat 300hex (768decimal).The following sectionsdescribethe registercontentsof eachaddressusedin the I/O map. Table4-1- ADl10/ADA110l/O Map ReglsterDescrlption WriteFunctlon ReadFunction Address' (Declmal) PPIPortA (HeadData) ReadA/Dconverteddata. MSB& LSB Notused BA+0 PPIPortB Read8 digitalinputlines Program 8 digitaloutput lines B A +1 PPlPortC (PC0-3are reserved for control) ReadPC4-PC7 digitalinput lines ProgramPC0-PCscontrol lines& PC4-PC7 digital outputlines BA+2 PPlControlWord Read PPI controlsettings ProgramPPIconfiguration BA+3 Status ReadA/D converterstatus Not used BA+4 D/AConverter" 'BA = BgssAddress '* ADA110boardonly Notused Program8-bitDAC BA+8 BA + 0: PPI Port A - ReadA/D Data (ReadOnly) This addressis usedto readtheMSB andLSB of theA/D conversion,asdefinedbelow.WhenPC3of thePPI port C word is 0, the MSB is read;whenPC3is l, theLSB is read.Bit 7 of theMSB tellsyou whethertheconverted voltageis a positive or negativevalue.Bit 6 goesto 1 whenthe input voltageexceedsthe input voltagerange.The tablebelow showsthe expectedconverteddatafor maximumpositiveand negativeinput voltagesand for 0 volts. MSB Bir11 Bir10 PolarityFlag g = positive 1 = negative LSB Bir9 Bit8 OverrangeFlag 0 = in range 1 = out of range D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 DO Bh7 Bit6 Bir5 Bit4 Bir3 Bit2 Bir1 Bir0 PolarltyFlag ConvertedData(12blts) Voltage 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 volts +4.99878 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 -4.99878volts 0 0000 0000 0000 0.0volts 4-10 BA + 1: PPI Port B - Digital VO (ReadAMrite) Transfersthe 8-bit port B digital input anddigital outputdaa betweenthe boardandan externaldevice.A read tnansfersdatafrom the externaldevicethroughP4 andino PPI port B; a write transfersthe witten datafrom port B throughP4 to an extemaldevice. ln7 In6 ln5 ln4 ln3 ln2 ln'l ln0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 DO OutT Out6 Out5 Out4 OutS Out2 Outl Out0 BA + 2: PPI Port C - A/D Control/DigitatVO (Read/tVrite) BA + 2 programsall eight PPI port C lines andreadsthe dataon t]report C upperlines. PCOt]rroughpC3 are usedto programthe gain andto control the AID convert€r.PC4 throughPC7 ransfer digital input and digital outpur databetweenthe boardand an extemaldevice.A readtransfersdatafrom the externaldevicethroughP4 andinto PC4'7; a write transfersthe written datafrom PC4-7throughP4 to an ext€rnaldevice. ln7 In6 In5 ln4 D7 D6 D5 D4 OutT Out6 Out5 Out4 D3 D2 X X D1 DO I | I | GainSelect Sele 00=x1 o 1= x 1 o 1 o= x l o o 11= invalid invali | Start Convert 0 - fiO @llVglt 1 = startc€nvert ReadA/D Data 0 = readMSB 1 = rsadLSB 4-11 BA + 3: PPI Control Word (Read/Write) Whenbit 7 of tltis word is setto 1, a write programsttrePPI configurationand a readshowsthePpI settings: D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 DO _l t- ModeSet F."' i 1 = active | | | l" rde SelEr;t - mode I = modg t t = mode I i3i I I I I I I' I | I Port A 0 s output | = input PortC t C Lower O =output oul 1 = iinput np | | | PortB 0 = output 1 = input I illode Selecl 0=mode0 1=mode1 Port C Upper 0 = output 1 = input L_ __jyf_t GroupA Whenbit 7 of this word is setto 0, a write canbe usedto individually progam the port C lines: D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 SeVReset FunctionBlt 0 = activs D2 Bft Select 000 = PCO 001= PC1 010=Pc2 011= PC3 100= Pc4 101= PC5 1 1 0= P C 6 1 1 1= P C 7 4-r2 D1 DO Bit Set/Reset Sel 0=S sotbitto0 1=setbittol BA + 4: Status(ReadOnly) A readprovidesthe A/D converterstatusbit definedbelow. Whenyou starta conversion,the statusline goes high.After the line goeshigh,thenwatchfor it to go low, signalingthattheconversionis complete. A/D Status 0 = flotconverting 1 = converting BA + 8: D/A Converter (Write Only) Programsthe 8-bit dataword into tlre D/A converter.Wheneverdatais wriuen to the D/A converter,it simultaneouslytriggersan 8-bit conversion.The tablebelow showsthe correspondingoutputvoltagesfor all zeroesand all onesdigital inpus to the converter. MSB D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 DigitalData(8 bits) Voltage 0000 0000 0.0volts 1111 1111 +2.56or +10.0volts 4-13 DO LSB ExamplePrograms The softwareincludedwith your 110boardcontainsexampleprogmmsin BASIC, Turbo Pascal,and Turbo C to help you get startedusingthe board.Sourcecodeis alsoincluded. The 110boardis easilyprogrammed from any highJevellanguage'sVO referenceinstructions.In BASIC, theseinstructionsareINP andOUT; in Turbo Pascal,they areport andport; and in Turbo C, they areinportb and outportb. Beforeusingthe sofrwareincludedwith your board,makea backupcopy of the disk. You may makeas many backupsasyou need.The exampleprogramsincludedon the disk are listed below. BASIC Programs: GAINS.BAS changingthe gain andperformingA/D conversions performingA,/Dconvenions READ.BAS MVOLTS.BAS performingAID conversions in millivolts Turbo PascalPrograms: ADC.PSL INIT.PSL PGA.PSL MVOLTS.PAS AUTO.PAS DEMO.PAS performinga singleA/D conversion initiali2ingtheboard settingthe gain performingA7Dconversionsin millivolfs autorangingthe DVM a simpleA/D conversionprogram Turbo C Programs: PGA.H INIT.H ADC.H READ.C SIMPLE.C MVOLTS.C settingthe gain initializingtheboard performinga singleA/D conversion performingA/D conversions a simpleA/D conversionprogmm performingA/D conversionsin millivolts Lexicon Test and DiagnosticsTool An interactivedacacollection andplotting utility program,Lexicon, is providediN a testand diagnosticstool. This programis describedin Appendix D. 4-14 CHAPTER 5 CALIBRATION This chaptertells you how to calibratethe 110usingthe four trimpotson the board.Thesetrimpotscalibratethe A/D input voltagerangeandgain.Calibrationmay berequiredif you change the A/D conversionratefrom 7.5 to 30H2, or wheneveryou suspectinaccuratereadings. This chaptertells you how to calibratethe A/D convertergain andinput voltagerange.The D/A converteron ADA1l0 the boarddoesnot needto be calibrated.The offset and full-scaleperformanceof the board's A/D converter is factory-calibratedfor operationat7.sHz.If you changetle conversionrate,you may needto recalibrate your board.Any time you suspectinaccuratereadings,you cancheckthe accuracyof your conversionsusingthe procedurebelow, and makeadjustsasnecessary. Calibrationis donewith the boardinstalledin your PC. You canaccessthe trimpos with the computer'scover removed.Powerup the computerandlet the boardcircuitry stabilizefor 15 minutesbeforeyou startcalibrating. RequiredEquipment The following equipmentis requiredfor calibration: . PrecisionVoltage Source:0 to +5 volts . Digital Voltmeter:5-12 digits . Small Screwdriver(for trimpot adjustment) A volage sourcecanbe madeusinga 9-volt batteryanda precisionl0-turn rimpot asshownin Figure5-1. 9 VOLTS + V = 0-6 volts * Fig. 5-1 - AdjustableVoltageSource Figure 5-2 showsthe boardlayout. The four trimpotsusedfor calibrationareshadedin the upperright areaof the board. A/D Calibration During this procedure,you will makeconnectionsto the analoginput at externalVO connectorP4. The pin assignmentsfor P4 aregiven in AppendixB. Two adjustrnentsare madeto calibratethe A/D converter.One is the offset adjustrnent,and the other is the fullscaleadjustment.Trimpots TR2 throughTR4 adjustthe offset, andTRl adjustthe full-scale voltage. Offset Adjustment for the inherentoffset outputvoltageof the programmablegain amplifier. The offset adjustrnentcompensates Threeadjusrnentsmustmade,onefor eachgain setting. 5-3 ,& flO* cr R' O* ....{Tns fg r-F'L--rct il'"il l'" 'ol I I rn cl6 C) ?a a.2a a {-F llr c -1--r U c27 utt s E:t55 Trimpots Fig.5-2- BoardLayoutShowing Calibration To adjustthe offset eror, connect0 vols o the analoginput (this canbe doneby simply connectingthe analog mode).Setthe gain to 1, andstartcontinuousA/D conversions.Adjust input to groundwhenin the single-ended rimpot TR2 until the conversionoutputis zero.Then changethe gain o l0 andrepeatthe conversionp(rcess, adjustingTR3 until the conversionoutput is zero. Finally, changethe gain to 100,and repeatthe procedure,this time adjustingTR4 until the outputis zero. The trimpot assignmentis summarizedbelow: Galn PC1 Settlng PC0 Settlng Trlmpot x1 0 0 TR2 x10 1 0 TR3 x100 0 1 TR4 The offset voltage is relatedsolely to the performanceof the programmablegain amplifier; however,the offset can affect the rollover performanceof the A/D converterif it is not set to zero.Rollover is the differencein conversion resultsbetweenvoltageshavingthe sameamplitudebut different polarities.Any gainswhich do not havea zero offset will give readingsthat are shifted from an ideal zeroreference.This meansthat the positive and negative readingsfor the samevoltage will be slightly different. This differenceis causedby the offset. 54 Full-ScaleAdjustment The full-scale adjustmentcalibratesthe referencevoltageusedby the A/D converterto compensatefor the analoginput circuitry. Setthegainto 1, startcontinuousA/D conversions, anddisplaytheconversionresults.Apply thevoltagesottrce to theanaloginput andadjustit so thatit reads4.9982volts (4998.2millivolts) (seeTable5-1).AdjusttrimpotTRI until the conversiondaa flickers betweenall ls and 0 in the leastsignificantbit place(hexadecimalFFF andFFE). Changethegain to 10,andrepeattheprocedure, this time usingan input voltageof .49982volts (499.82millivolts). Finally, repeatthe procedure,changingthe gain to 100and sefiingthe input voltageat .044982volts (49.982 millivolts). Table 5-1 providesa referencefor the ideal A/D converterinput voltagefor eachbit weight in eachvoltage range.The first line is the ideal full-scale(all ones)value,andeachsuccessiveline decreases by onebit weight. Betweenthefull-scalevoltageandttrenextlowerbit weightis thevoltagevaluefor full-scaleminus 1-l/2 bits.Note that the voltagevaluesin ttre tablearein millivolts. Table5-1- A/D ConverterCallbratlonTable ldeallnput Voltage(ln mlllivolts) A/D Blt Welght t5V(galn=1) t0.5V (galn= 10) 1.05V(galn= 100) 4998.8 499.88 49.987 FS= 1-1t2LSB 4998.2 499.82 49.982 2048 2500.0 250.00 25.000 1024 1250.0 125.00 12.500 512 62s.00 62.500 6.2500 2s6 312.s0 31.2s0 3.12s0 't28 156.250 15.6250 1.5625 4095(FullScale) 64 78j25 7.812s 0.7813 32 39.063 3.9063 0.3906 16 19.s313 1.9s31 0.1953 8 9.7656 0.9766 o.0977 4 4.8828 0.4883 0.0488 2 2.414 0.24/1 o.o2u 1 1.2207 o.121 a.op2 5-5 APPENDIX A I-10SPECIFICATIONS ADf10/ADA110 Characteristics [email protected] Interlace IBMPC/XT/ATcompatible Jumper-selectable baseaddress,l/O mapped Jumper-selectable interrupts Analog Input 1 single-ended or differential input Inputimpedance.............. Gains,software-selectable Gainerror lnputrange.. protection Overvohage Commonmodeinputvohage Settling time............. .........>10 megohms ..............1 ,10, 100 ....0.5%, typ;1%,max +0.5,or t0.0Svolts ................15, ..112Vdc ...110vohs,max psec,max ....................5 A/DConverter .............. tcLTlog Type '........... ...............Dua1 slopeintegrating with autozero Resolution .........12bitsplus sign Conversionrate.............. .........7.5190 Hz, switch-selectable Relativeaccuracy(gain= 1) ................. ..11 bit Linearity(gain= 1).................. ...................11 bit (7.5 Hz),13 blts (30 Hz) Rollovererror............. ........t1bit Digltarr/o ............. ..................cMos 82c55(optionatNMos8255) Number of lines ...................12 inputor output Miscellaneous Outputs(PCbus-sourced) Resetoutput *12 volts Digitalground D/A Converter (ADA110only) ......... Singlechannel Resolution Voltagerange,jumper-selectable Settlingtime,to 0.20"/"FSR 0-2.56volts 0-10volts Relativeaccuracy...... Full-scale accuracy Zero error .AD5S8 .....8bits .0 to +2.56,0 to +10volts psec,typ;1.5psec,max ......0.9 psec,typ;3.0psec,max .........2.O t1 bit,max .t2 bits,max 1 bit, max CurrentRequlrements +5 vo1ts........ +12vohs...... -12 vohs .....................14 mA ..7mA ........6 mA Connector 40-pin,rightangle,shroudedheaderwithsjectortabs Size Shortslot- 3.875"Hx 5.25"W(99mmx 134rnm) A-3 APPENDIX B CONNECTORPIN ASSIGNMENTS B-2 N.C. AOUT il.c. N.C. N.C. ANALOGGilD N.C. N.C. N.C. ANALOGGND A l N l+ AINl- il.c. N.C. STATUS DIGITALGND TRIGGEROUT DIGITALGND TBIGGERIN DIGITALGND PC7 PC6 PC5 PC4 N.C. N.C. N.C. RESETDRV P87 PB6 PB5 P84 PB3 PB2 PBl PBO +12 VOLTS -12 VOLTS +5 VOLTS DIGITALGND AD110/ADA110P4 Connector/MatingConnector Manufacturer 110P4 Connector P4 Mating Connector Fujitsu 3M RobinsonNugent MrL C-83503 FCN-70sQ040-AUM FCN.7O7B04O-AU/B 3417-7U0 IDS-C4OPK-C-SR.TG M83503f-09 B-3 B-4 APPENDIXC COMPONENTDATASHEETS c-r c-2 Intel82C55AProgrammable PeripheralInterface DataSheetReprint c-3 c4 intel' 82C554 INTERFACE PERIPHERAL CHMOSPROGRAMMABLE I ControlWord Read-BackCapability r DirectBit Set/ResetCapability . 2.5mA DC DriveCapabilltyon all l/O Port Outputs r Availablein 40-PinDIPand 44-PinPLCC I Availablein EXPRESS - StandardTemperatureRange - ExtendedTemperatureRange I Compatiblewith all Inteland Most Other Microprocessors r High Speed,"Zero Wait State" Operationwith 8 MHz8086/88and 8 0 1 8 6 /1 8 8 l/O Pins . 24 Programmable I Low PoweTCHMOS r CompletelyTTL Compatible CHMOSversionot the industrystandard8255A generalpurpose The Intel 82C55Ais a high-performance, lt provides programmablel/O devicewhichis designedfor use with all lntel and most other microprocessors. programmedin 2 groupsof 12 and usedin 3 majormodesof operation. 24 llO pins whichmay be individually The 82C55Ais pin compatiblewith the NMOS8255Aand 8255A-5. in sets ol 4 and 8 to be inputsor outputs.In ln MODEO, each groupof '12llo pins may be programmed to haveI linesof inputor output.3 of the remaining4 pinsare used MODE 1, each groupmaybe programmed bus configuration. for handshakingand interruptcontrolsignals.MODE2 is a strobedbi-directional provides low powerconsumption The 82C55Ais fabricatedon Intel'sadvancedCHMOSlll technologywhich with performanceequalto or greaterthan the equivalentNMOSproduct.The 82C55Ais availablein 40-pin DIP and 44-pinplasticleadedchip carrier(PLCC)packages. r e3 i i 3 c i ! i i r r I R€SCI a m 9 DI r0 ?c7 tt N rc t2 rc FC6 t5 0a rcs la D6 lca FCo t5 06 t5 D7 FCl l7 PPSFE:FiFFF 231256-31 l.EcrtusrrE * ritcSs^ Flgure 1.82C55ABlock Diagiam ?3l256-2 Flgure2.82C55APlnout Disgfamsar€ for pin relerenceonly.Package sizesare not to scale. g-124 S.Ptctnbc? 10t7 OrdcrttumDri 231256-004 . Pln Symbol PAs-o m es GND At-o Plnilumber Dlp PLCC 1-4 2-5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8-9 9-10 Type uo I NameandFunctlon PORTA, PINS0-3: Lowernibbleof an g-bitdata outputlatch/ butferand an 8-bit data input latch. READCONTROT : Thisinputis towduringCpUreadoperations. CHIPSELECT: A lowon thisinputenables the82C55Ato respondto RE andWF signats. FD andWRareignored otherwise. SystemGround ADDRESS: Theseinputsignals, inconjunction ffi andWF[, controltheselectionof oneof thethreeportsor thecontrol wordregisters. A1 A6 o 0 0 1 1 0 RD 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 x X X X PCt-t 1 0 - 1 3 1 1 , 1 3 - 1 5 t/o WF cs 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 X X 1 1 1 0 InputOperatlon(Read) PortA-DataBus PortB-DataBus PortC-DataBus - DataBus ControlWord OutputOperatlon(Wrlte) DataBus- PortA DataBus- PortB DataBus- PortC DataBus- Control DlsableFunctlon DataBus-3-State DataBus-3-State PORTC, PINS4-7: Uppernibbleof an 8-bitdataoutputlatch/ butferand an 8-bitdatainputbuffer(no tatchfor input).This port can be dividedintotwo 4-bitportsunderthe modecontrol.Eact, 4-bit port containsa 4-bit latchand it can be used for the control signaloutputsand statussignalinputsin conjunctionwith ports A and B. PCo-g 14-17 16-19 l/o PBo-z 18-25 20-22, 24-28 vo PORTC, PINS0-3: Lowernibbleof PortC. PORTB, PINS0-7: An 8-bitdataoutputlatch/bufferand an gbit datainputbutfer. Vcc Dz-o 26 29 27-34 t/o SYSTEMPOWER:* 5V PowerSupply. DATA 8US: Bi-directional, tri-statedatabus lines,connectedto systemdata bus. RESET 35 30-33, 35-38 39 WF 36 40 37-40 41 -44 PAz-q NC 1,12, 29,34 RESET: A highonthisinputclearsthecontrolregister andatl portsaresetto th6inputmode. WBITECONTROL:Thisinputis low duringCPUwrite operations. t/o PORTA, PINS4-7: Uppernibbleof an 8-bitdaraoutputtatch/ bufferandan8-bitdatainputlatch. No Connect 3-125 intef 82C55A 82C55AFUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION General peripheralinterface The 82C55Ais a programmable device designedfor use in Intel microcomputer systems. lts functionis that of a generalpurposel/O componentto interfaceperipheralequipmentto the microcomputersystembus. The functionalconfiguration of the 82C55Ais programmedby the system softwareso that normallyno externallogicis necessary to interfaceperipheraldevicesor structures. Data Bus Buffer This 3-statebidirectionalS-bit butferis usedto interface the 82C55A to the systemdata bus. Data is transmittedor receivedby the bufferuponexecution of input or output instructionsby the CPU.Control words and status informationare also transferred throughthe data bus butfer. Read/Wrlte and Control Loglc The function of this block is to manageall of the internal and external transfersof both Data and Control or Statuswords.lt acceptsinputsfrom the CPU Addressand Controlbussesand in turn,issues commandsto both of the ControlGroups. Group A and Group B Controls The functional configurationof each port is programmedby the systemssoftware.In essence,the CPU "outputs" a controlword to the 82C55A.The control word containsinformationsuch as "mode", "bit set", "bit reset", etc., that initializesthe functional configurationof the 82C55A. Eachof the Controlblocks(GroupA and GroupB) accepts"commands"from the Read/WriteControl Logic, receives "control words" from the internal data busand issuesthe propercommandsto its associaled ports. ControlGroupA - PortA and PortC upper(C7-C4) ControlGroupB - PortB and PortC lower(C3-C0) The control word registercan be both writtenand read as shown in the addressdecodetable in the pin descriptions.Figure6 shows the controlword format for both Read and Write operations.When the controlword is read,bit D7 will alwaysbe a logic "1", as this impliescontrolwordmodeinformation. Ports A, B, and C The 82C55Acontainsthree8-bitports(A, B, and C). All can be configuredin a wide varietyof functional characteristicsby the systemsoftwarebut each has its own specialfeaturesor "personality"to lurther enhancethe powerand flexibilityof the 82C55A. Port A. One 8-bit data outputlatch/bufferand one 8-bit input latch buffer. Both "pull-up" and "pulldown" bus hold devicesare presenton PortA. Port B. One 8-bit data input/outputlatch/butfer. Only "pull-up"bus hold devicesare presenton Port B. Port C. One 8-bit data outputlatch/butferand one 8-bit data input buffer (no latchfor input).This port can be dividedinto two 4-bit ports underthe mode control.Each4-bit port containsa 4-bit latch and it can be usedfor the controlsignaloutputsand status signalinputsin conjunctionwith portsA and B. Only "pull-up"bus hold devicesare presenton PortC. for See Figure4 for the bus-holdcircuitconfiguration Port A, B, and C. 3-126 82C55A lr Drl€cflil^t oAY^ l|ll or or -6 rA \ rattt 2312fi-3 Flgure3.82C55ABlockDlagramShowlngDetaBusBufferandRead/WriteControlLoglcFunclone EITER'{AL FoFr B,c Hil NTERilAL DATA frn 'i{OTE: 231256-4 Portpinsloadedwithmorethan20 pF capacitance maynothavetheirlogiclevelguarante€dfollowinga hardwarereset. Flgure4. Port A, B, C, Bus-holdConfiguration 3-127 82C55A 82C55AOPERATIONAL DESCRIPTION co?ttRoL woFD D? Mode Selection Da Dr ca D! D2 ot Do There are three basic modes of operationthat can be selectedby the systemsoftware: Mode 0 - Basicinput/output Mode 1 - StrobedInput/output Mode 2 - Bi-directional Bus / c.orrs \ foFT c GorfEnl l.lilPW 0. OUTrut Whenthe resetinputgoes "high" all portswillbe set to the inputmodewith all 24 port linesheldat a logic "one" levet by the internal bus hotd devices (see Figure 4 Note). After the reset is removed the 82C55Acan remainin the inputmodewith no addithe need required.This eliminates tional initialization for pullup or pulldowndevices in "all CMOS" designs. Duringthe execulionof the systemprogram, any of the other modesmay be selectedby usinga single output instruction. This allows a single 82C55A to service a variety of peripheraldevices with a simnlesoftwaremaintenanceroutine. ioFr t | . lNtul 0. OUTrul mDE sl|Cc?rotl O. llOD€ 0 t . il(X)E i / cno(ra \ ,oRr c tttr€il t.lt|?Ur 0. OutruT The modes for Port A and Port B can be separately defined,while Port C is dividedinto two portionsas All of requiredby the Port A and Port B definitions. the output registers,includingthe statusflip-flops, will be reset wheneverthe modeis changed.Modes may be combinedso that their functionaldefinition can be "tailored" to almost any llO structure.For in Mode0 to instance;GroupB can be programmed monitorsimple switch closingsor displaycomputational results, Group A could be programmedin Mode 1 to monitora keyboardor tape readeron an basis. interrupt-driven XNTA t . litirt O.OUTrul sDE 3tL€CTtOal O. rOOE0 Ol . raOOEI tX. Lol 2 rcOE StT f LAG I . lCYlVl 231256-6 Figure6. llode DefinltlonFormat The modedefinitionsand possiblemodecombinaat firstbutattera cursory tionsmayseemconfusing reviewof the completedeviceoperationa simple, Thedesignof the willsurface. logicall/O approach 82C55Ahastakenintoaccountthingssuchas effivs PG cientPCboardlayout,@ntrolsignaldefinition layoutand completefunctionalflexibilityto support devicewithno exlernallogic. almostanyperipheral Such designrepresentsthe maximumuse of th€ pins. available SlngleBlt Set/ResetFeature Any of the eightbitsof PortC can be Set or Reset This featurere' usinga singleOUTputinstruction. appti' in Control-based ducessottwarerequirements cations. andBus Figure5. BasicModeDeflnitlone lnterface Port WhenPortC is beingusedas status/controllor A or B, thesebitscanbe setor resetby usingtheBit Set/Resetoperationiustas if theyweredataoutput ports. 3-128 inbf 82C55A InterruptControlFunctlons oofaTFol roio q o. q D. tX I lr DO'IT CARC q Dt Dr % I IIT SET/iTSC' t-tCt O. i€SEI gT 9ELTC? When the 82C55Ais programmedto operatein mode1 or mode2, controlsignalsare providedthat canbe usedas interruptrequestinputsto the CPU. Theinterruptrequestsignals,generatedfromportC, can be inhibited or enabledby settingor resetting theassociated INTEflip-flop, usingthe bit set/reset functionof portC. 161-tTtElEfdtl # +l0 l r l 0 l l l 0 lr I 0 lr l l o l +l0lolllll0l0ltlll&l -FIoldliliFlifilil Thisfunctionallowsthe Programmer to disallowor allowa specific l/O deviceto intem.rpt theCPUwithoutaffecting anyotherdevicein the interruptstructure. u? s€t/nEtft rLAo O. ACTIYI iNTEflip-flopdefinition: 231256-7 (BIT-SETFINTE is SET-lntemrptenable (BlT-RESET)-INTE is RESET-Interrupt disabte Flgure 7. Blt Set/Reset Format Note: All Mask flip-flopsare automatically reset during modeselection anddeviceReset. 3-129 intet 82Cs5A Mode0 BasicFunctionalDefinitions: r Two 8-bit ports and two 4-bit ports. Mode0 (BaslcInput/Output). Thisfunctional con. r Any port can be inputor eutput. figurationprovidessimpleinputand outputoperationsfor eachof thethreeports.No "handshaking" r Oulputsare latched. is required,datais simplywrittento or readfroma . Inputsare not latched. specifiedport. o 16 difierentlnput/Outputconfigurations are possiblein this Mode. OperatlngModes MODE0 (BASTC TNPUT) 231256-S MODEo (BASTC OUTPUT) 3-130 intef 82Cs5A MODE0 Port Deflnltlon B A Da D3 D1 Dq 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 I 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 'l 0 1 0 1 GROUPA PORTC PORTA (UPPER) OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT INPUT INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT INPUT INPUT INPUT INPUT GROUP B PORTC PORTB (LOWER} OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT INPUT INPUT OUTPUT # 0 1 2 3 INPUT INPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT INPUT INPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT INPUT INPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT 14 INPUT OUTPUT 15 INPUT INPUT 4 5 6 7 8 I 10 11 't2 INPUT INPUT INPUT INPUT 13 MODE0 Configuratlons colYriot rono a0 corriol woFo a QDtOrO.03OrDrOo 0t0 0 0 o o 0 or-oo-. coirtRoL rroFo al cdrtnoL wofio t3 o, o. o, o. I 3-131 0 0 0 ol or 0 0 o, oo INPUT INPUT INPUT INPUT INPUT inbf 82C55A MODE0 Conflgurations (Continued) coil?ioL toRo .. o, D6 D3 D. Dt Or Or Oo I 0 0 0 I 0 0 o @xliol roRo coilrRoLr{oRoi D, Or D, O. 0 I Dr O, D, oiolo 0 Oo 0 PAr+An ,^/& PC#. PCTJC. Er{o rcfo PBrrSo Br48o a6 o, D. 05 o. o' o: D, Do PAr'\ PArt\ ttcrtc. tcirc. D:{o o, ot o! D. ot 02 Er{o tsrtso rl+q ?6rt|\ cot{ltor woRo ar0 D, Dr D, O. ol o D! Oz D, 0l0lt 0 Do lo PAT4AD ?A/t\ PCTPC. tcrfi. tC!+Co Erfio P3r?80 P3r+6! O7€o- coNrRoLwoFDall o, o. D9 D. or o, I Da D, 0 0 D. Ot 0 02 Ol Oo I ,Ar.t\ tar+\ )cftc. ]4fi. Er{c fcrrco ?ry\ laiao 1 231256-1 3-132 82C55A IIODE0 ConflguraUonr(Continued) @{|.rnotsroaoar oror%o.ororotoo coillRoL rvoRorta orDr%DrDrDlOrOo rlol0lrlrl0l0l0 0 @tlnol fi)to ttt qq%orDrorDrDo I 0 0 I cli?tor 0 0 o I 0 0 wonD ,lt I 23125€-12 Operatlngilodet MODEI (Strobed Input/Output).This functional providesa meansfor transfeningl/O configuration datato or from a specifiedport in conjunction with strobes or "handshaking" signals. ln model, PortA and PortB use the lineson PortC to generateor acceptthese"handshaking" signals. Mode1 BasicfunctionalDefinitions: o TwoGroups(GroupA andGroupB). o Eachgroupcontains one8-bitdataportandone 4-bitcontrol/dataport. r The 8-bitdataportcan be eitherinputor output Bothinputsandoutputsare latched. o The4-bitportis usedfor controlandstatusof the 8-bitdataport. 3-133 int€t 82C55A Input Control Slgnal Deflnltion SiE (Strole Input). A "low" on this input loads data into the inputlatch. oofalEol ||oio Dr Or tL O. Dr D, Or Oo ! rirE I Ll-.i IBF (lnput Buffer FullF/F) tsr.r I . liltut 0. OUTTUT A "high" on this outputindicatesthat the data has been loaded into the inputlatch;in essence,an acknowledgement.IBF is set by ffi ingl being low and is reset by the risingedge of the RD input. INTR (lnterrupt Request) x)ot r tfoRT ] A "high" on this outputcan be usedto interruptthe CPU when an input device is requestingservice. INTR is set by the STB is a "one", IBF is a "on€" and INTE is a "one". lt is resetby the fallingedgeof FiD. tnis procedureallows an input device to request service from the CPU by simplystrobingits data into the port. INTE A Controlledby bit set/reset of PCa. INTE B Controlledby bit sat/reset of PC2. 231256-13 Flgure8. iIODEI Input 231256-11 Flgure9. ilODE 1 (StrobcdInput) 3-134 intef 82C55A OutputControlSlgnatDeftntilon 6ff 1OutputBuff* Fu[ F/fl. The6EF outpurwitf go "low" to indicatethat the CpU haswrittendata outto thespecifiedport.TheOeF plf willbe setby the risingedgeof the WF inputand resetby Affi Inputbeinglow. ER (actnow_ledge lnput).A .'tow"on this input informsthe82C55AthatthedatafromportA or port B hasbeenaccepted.In essence, a response from the peripheral deviceindicatingthat it hasreceived the dataoutputby the CPU. INTR(lnterruptRequect).A ,.high",on thisoutput can be usedto intemlptthe CpOwhenan output devicehas accepteddata transmittedbv the CpU. INTRis set wh€nFffi is a ,.on€",6EF-isa .,one" andINTEis a "on6".lt is res€tbythefallingedgeof rut I |ronr lt wF'. INTEA Controlledby bit set/resetof pC5. INTE B Controlledby bit set/reset of pC2. 231256-15 Flgure10.MODEl Output 2 3 1 2 5 6 -1 6 Flgure11.ITODE1 (StrobedOutput) 3-135 inbf 82C5sA Combinations of MODE1 definedas inputor outputin Mode1 to supporta widevarietyof strobed PortA andPortB cbnbe individually l/O applications. EFA fl3e Fr^ |lF^ ooilrFot lIoRD COilTNOL fi)RD 4DrDcD.DrDrOrDo tNtn^ r{ttr uo uo o3-Fr lrE A-CXr tSfa tNTRr |l{lRt rQ.r t . IilPUT 0. Ourrut WF |ontA-lslRoBEoour?utl FORTT-GIROaEDlXtUTl toRTA-tElioetorNPutl rcar!-tsrRo!EDourru?l 231256-'17 of MODE1 Flgure12.Gomblnatlons OperatingModes OutputOPeratlons MODE 2 (Strobed BidirectlonalBus l/O).This providesa meansfor com' functionalconfiguration on a or structure witha peripheraldevice municating and receiving single8-oitbus for bothtransmitting signals bus l/O). "Handshaking" data (bidrrectional in proper discipline flow bus provided maintain to are a similarmannerto MODE1. Intenuptgeneration functionsarealsoavailable. and enable/disable 6EF lOutputBufler Fult).The 6BF outputwill9o "lorv" to indicatethat the CPUhas writtendataout to portA. Definitions: MODE2 BasicFunctional . Usedin GroupA only. o One8-bit,bi-directional busport(PortA) anda $ (Port C). bit controlPort o Bothinputsandoutputsare latched' o The S-bitcontrolport (PortC) is usedfoi control bus port and statusfor the 8-bit,bi-directional (PortA). INTE 1 flhe INTE Flip'Flop Associated wlth 6BT). Controlledby bit set/resetol PC6. BidirectionalBus l/O ControlSignalDefinltion INTR(lnterruptRequest).A highon thisoutputcan be usedto interruptthe CPUlor inputor outputoper' ations. Affi (lcfnowledge).A "low" on thisinputenables the tri-stateoutputbutferof PortA to sendout the the outpulbufterwill be in the high data.Othenilise, impedancestate. InputOperations SiF (StroUeInput).A "low" on this input loads dataintothe inPutlatch. IBF(lnputBufferFullF/F).A "high"on thisoutput indicaiesthat data has been loadedinto the input latch. INTE2 (TheINTEFlip-FlopAssoclatedwith IBF). Controlledby bit set/resetof PCa. 3-136 intef 82C55A coi ?Rot rcRo 6tl^ tQo 1 . UIPU' 0. OUrruT r i'itr I _l-_'_.i FOAI t I . lt{?t T O. OUrrut ffi^ T--'l 518^ tlfa GFOtt I ra@E 0. rrcOE0 t.tOOCr 231256-18 Figure 13.MODEControt Word 231256-19 Figure14.MOOE2 OAYATMI c'lr roarcttA dF lia?i aur Srl tBi PERI'HERAI. aus llta o laFn ?€ir''rEna! ro trc56a o taFiol arE6a toPln?ilEt r Figure 15.MODE2 (Bidtrectionat) NOTE: Anyseguence rylgfgffi occursbeforeAex-,andffi occursbeforeffi is oermissibte. (INTR: IBFo Fliffi. STEI.n-6 + OEF. MIS o ffifr o ffi; 3-137 intef 82C554 MODE2 AND MOOEO (OUTPUT} MODE 2 ANO MODE O (INPUTI lnTRa tqr\ 6fi^ rm^ lca DrOt\D.OrDrOtOo ooa{rRol roiD fc. m^ q t!Fa fcr ttFl Ero t/o r/o t4ao MODE2 AND MODET ITNPUTI q tc! ?lrt\ ?Ar'?^! fct ?q ff^ EI^ 07 or o! o. ot o: or oo EOTIFOL ITORO fg dFe rq lG-(^ oror%D.DtD2DtDo tc. -i^ fc. tI|^ tq llF^ rq t!f^ rgre! iR E-t^ F-!^ MOOE 2 AND MODE T IOUTPUT} Fo rq lcr ttl ?i! i;TwIfilq fr-r^ 4Dr%D.DrDrOrDo Er coNrRoL uvono q t3.r.tq PCq 66-r. l,ca trh IrC2 ffi" fct t!Fr LJ?f! tcr litir 731256-21 Figure16.MODEtZ Combinations 82C554 ModeDeflnltlonSummary MODEO iloDE 1 MODE2 IN OUT IN OUT PAo IN PAr IN PAz IN IN IN IN IN IN IN IN IN OUT OUT OUT OUT e OUT OUT OUT <_.) IN IN IN IN IN IN IN IN OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT PAg PAa PAs PA6 PAz IN IN IN IN IN OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT PBo PBr PBz PBs PBI PBs PBe PBz IN IN IN IN IN IN IN IN OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT PCo PCr PCz PGs PCa PCs PCe PCt IN IN IN IN IN IN IN IN OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT GROUPA ONLY <-) e ouT <--) MODEO ORMODE1 ONLY INTRe INTRs lBFs 6EFs SrB-s Affis t/o t/o t/o INTRa INTRa INTRa smA t/o SfE'A t/o r/o Affia t/o 6B-14 lBFa Affig lBFl SpecialMode Comblnatlon Conslderatlons Thereare severalcombinationsof mod€spossible. For any combination,some or all of the PortG lines are usedfor controlor status.The remainingbitsare eitherinputsor outputsas definedby a "Set Mode" command. Duringa rsad of Port C, the state of all the Port C placed lines,excepr [nes, the AUK ACK ano exceptrne t tr ilnes, lines,wilt will ()9 be ptaceo and !STB on the databus. ln placeof the Iffi and ffi fine states,flagstatuswill appearon the databusin the PCz,PCr',and PC6 bit positionsas illustratedby Figure'18. Througha "Write Port C" command,only the Port C pinsprogrammedas outputsin a Mode0 groupcan be written.No other pins can be atfectedby a "Write PortC" command,nor can the intenuptenableflags be accessed. To write to any Port C output programmed as an output in a Mode 1 group or to o6FA changean inlerruptenableflag, the "Set/Reset Port C Bit" commandmustbe used. With a "Set/ResetPortC Bit" command,any Port C line programmed as an output(includingINTR,iBF and OBF)can be written,or an interruptenableflag can be eitherset or reset.PortC lines programmed as inputs,includingffi and ffi lines,aCsociated with Port C are not atfectedby a "Set/Reset Port C Bit" command.Writingto the coresponding Port G bit positionsof the ACK and STB lines with the "Set/Reset Port C Bit" command will atfect the GroupA and GroupB interruptenableflags,as illustratedin Figure18. Current Drlve Capablllty Any outputon PortA, B or C can sink or scurce 2.5 mA. This featureallowsthe 82CQ5Ato directlydrive Darlingtontype drivers and high-voltagedisplays that requiresuch sink or sourcecurrent. 3-139 82C55A ReadingPort C Status D7 D5 ln Mode0, PortC transfersdatato or fromthe pe' to ripheraldevice. Whenthe82C55Ais programmed or acfunctionin Modes1 or 2, PortC generates de' signalswiththe peripheral cepts"hand-shaking" vice.Readingthe contentsof PortC allowsthe programmerto tesl or verifythe "status" of each peripheraldeviceand changethe programflow accordingly. II{PUTCONFIGURATION D1 D3 D2 Da D5 GROUPB GROUPA D7 OUTPUTCONFIGURATIONS D1 D2 D5 D5 D4 D3 Ds GROUPB GROUPA Thereis no specialinstruction to readthe statusinformationfrom PortC. A normalread operationof PortC is executedto performthisfunction. D6 Flgure17a.MODE1 StatusWordFormat Dt D5 D5 Da D3 D2 D1 D6 GROUPB GROUPA (Detrned ByMode0 or Mode1 Selection) Flgure17b.MODE2 StatusWordFormat Posltlon AlternatePortC PlnSignal(llode) lnterruptEnableFlag Affie (OutpuiMode1)orSTBs(lnputMode1) INTEB PC2 PC4 STEa(lnputMode1 or Mode2) INTEA2 PC6 EKr (OutputMode1 or Mode2 INTEA1 Flgure18.InterruptEnableFlagsIn ModesI and 2 3-140 82C55A ABSOLUTEMAXIMUMRATINGS* Ambient Temperature UnderBias.. . .0'C to + 70'C StorageTemperature ..- 65'Cto+ 150'C Supply Voltage . . .. - 0.5to * 8.0V OperatingVoltage .... + 4Vto + 7V Voltage onanylnput.. .GND-2Vto + 6.5V Voltage on anyOutput. .GND-O.SV to V96 + 0.5V PowerDissipation . . .1 Watt 'Notice: Slressesabove thoselisted under "Absolutd MaximumRatings"maycausepermanentdamage to the device.Thisis a stressrating only and functionaloperatianof the deviceat these or any otherconditionsabovethoseindicatedin the operationalsectionsof thisspecificationis not implied.Erposure to absolutemaximumrating conditionsfor extendedperiodsmayaffect devicereliability. D.C.CHARACTERISTICS = +5V t10o/o, T4 = 0'Cto70oC,Vcc GND= 0V(fR: -40'Cto +Ss"CforExtendedTemperture) Symbol Parameter Mln Unlts Max TestCondltlonc 0 . 5 Vrt lnputLowVoltage 0.8 V vrx InputHighVoltage 2.0 vcc V Vol OutputLowVoltage V 0.4 l9g : 2.5 mA vox OutputHighVoltage 3.0 V lox : -2.5 mA V66 - 0.4 V IOH: -100pA It lnputLeakageCurrent t1 pA V1p: V66 to 0V loru OutputFloatLeakageCurrent lonn Darlington DriveCurrent t2.5 t10 pA (Note1) V1p: V66 to 0V (Note2) (Note4) mA PortsA, B, C R61: Vs11: 500O 1.7V '1.0V Vggl : Port A only lpnt Port Hold Low LeakageCurrent +50 +300 pA lpnn PortHoldHighLeakageCurrent -50 -300 pA lpxlo Port Hold Low OverdriveCunent -350 p.A V9g7: 0.8V lpxxo Port Hold HighOverdriveCurrent +350 pA Vggl: lcc lccse V66 SupplyCunent 10 mA (Note3) V66SupplyCunent-Standby 10 pA V66: 5.5V Vrn: Vcc orGND PortConditions lll/P : Open/High OlP : OpenOnly WithDataBus : High/Low 6 : High Reset: Low Purelnputs: Low/High V9g1 : 3.0V PortsA, B,C I{OTES: 1. PinsA1,Ao,CS,WF, FD-,Reser 2. Data Bus;PortsB, C. 3. Outputsopen. 4. Limitoulput currentlo 4.0 mA. 3-141 3.0V int€f 82C55A CAPACITANCE Tg : 25'C, V6g :GND = 0V Ctr't InputGapacitance 10 Unlts pF Cyo l/O Capacitance 20 pF Parameter Symbol Max Mln TestCondltions plns Unmeasured to GND returned fc : 1 MHz(s) NOTE: 5. Samplednol 100olotested. A.C. CHARACTERISTICS TA : 0o to 70'C, VCC: +5V +10o/o, GND : 0V -40"C : TA to *85'C for ExtendedTemperature BUS PARAMETERS READ CYCLE Symbol 82C55A-2 Parameter llln tnn tnn AddressStableBeloreffi.1 AddressHoldTimeAfterRE t tRn ffi PulseWidth tRo tor DataDelayfromffi I FD ? to DataFloating 1o tRv RecoveryTimebetweenRD/WF 200 Unlts llax 0 0 150 120 75 Tert Condltlons ns ns ns ns ns ns WRITECYCLE Symbol 82CssA-2 Parameter tln Unlts Itlax tRw AddressStableBeforeWHJ 0 ns twe AddressHoldTimeAtterWF T 20 20 ns ns tww WFIPulseWidth 100 ns tow DataSetupTimeBeforeWFlf 100 two DataHoldTimeAtterWHf 30 ns ns ns 30 3-142 Tegt Gondltlone PortsA & B PortC PortsA & B PortC inbf 82C554 OTHERTIiIII{GS Symbol 82C554-2 Parameter Mln Max Unlts Condltlons 350 ns tws trn WR: l toOutput PeripheralDataBeforeRD 0 ns tHn Peripheral DataAfterFD 0 ns tex ACK-PulseWidth 200 ns tsr STEPulseWidth 100 ns tps Per.DataBeforeSTBXign 20 ns tpx Per.DataAfterSTE'Hign Fffi:0toOutput Affi : 1 to OutputFloat 50 ns tno tro Test 175 ns 250 ns 150 ns tnoe WF I: l to OB F : O A e R : O t o O B F -1: 150 ns tsrs S T E:iO t o l B F : 1 150 ns tnrs tnr ffi:ltolBF:0 150 ns RD:Oto|NTR:0 200 ns tgr StEi:ltolNTR:1 150 ns tnrt twr {Q(-=lto|NTR:1 150 ns WR:OtoINTR:0 200 ns see note 1 tnEs ResetPulseWidth ns see note 2 twog 20 500 NOTE: 1.INTRT meyoccurasearlyasWFt. 2. Pulsewidthof initialResetpulseafterpow€ron mustbe at least50 pSec.Subsequent Resetpulsesmaybe 500 ns minimum. 3-143 WAVEFORMS xroDE0 (BAsrc|NPUT) 2312fi-22 iloDE o (BASTC OUTPUT) ?31256,-23 intel WAVEFORMS(continued) |NPUT) MODEI (STROBED sr taF ilTn F-o lt'tuTtROt?CNI'HTFAL - - lroDE .| (STROBED OUTPUT) m gt liTl ffi ct tttrt 231256-25 inbf 82C55A WAVEFORMS(continued) MODE2 (BIDTRECTTONAL) DAIA z,31256-26 Note: Any sequenceq!q!q m occursbelore Fffi IHO SfB occursbeloreFl-Dis permissibte. (INTR : IBF o FiA-SR. SFB . FD + 6FF. ilfiAffi o flffi r ffi; WRITETIMING READTIMING 231256-28 2312fi-27 A.C.TESTINGINPUT,OUTPUTWAVEFORI' A.C. TESTINGLOAD CIRCUIT Iq.-ilot 231256-29 ?31256-30 'Vgp ls S€t At VariousVoltagesDuringTestingTo Guarantes Th€ Specification.Cs IncludesJig Capacitanc€. A.C. Teting Inguls Are Div€n At 2.4V For A Logic 1 Ard 0.45V For A Logic 0 TimingMeasurements fu€ Mad€ At 2.0VFor A Loglc1 And 0.8 Fof A Logic0. 3-146 APPENDIX D LEXICON110 D-2 INTRODUCTION Lexicon 110is an interactiveprogam tailoredspecificallyto makefull andeasyuseof your 110analoginput board.It hasthe characteristicsof a highly specificdataacquisitionlanguageandsomepropertiesof an operating system.It canbe usedto acquireanalogdatain real time andassigna time value for post-acquisitionanalysis.Data canbe plottedor movedbetweenthe gnphicstemplatesanddisk files.The files areMS-DOScompatibleandcanbe by tlte user'sprogamsto performhighly specificanalyses. accessed TheLexicon 110commandsetletsyou chuactprae your experimentto determinethe bestacquisitionrate to use,how rapidly the daa changes,and how muchdatais beinggenerated. If you write your own softwarein BASIC, Pascal,or C, you can still useLexicon to selecta correctbase addressand to veri$ correctoperationof ttreboard. DESCRIPTION A l"exicon is a specializedvocabularyfor a particularsubject.I-exicon 110 is an extensionof Forth-83,a languagelong usedfor solving complexprocessconEolanddataacquisitionproblems.Time+ritical ponionsof Lexicon,suchasI/O, graphics,andBIOS callsarewrittenin assemblylanguage. Lexicon 110is interactive,fast executing,andlets you fully conEolof the I l0's hardwareresources so thatyou canbecomemorefamiliar with your system.Small programstlat collect dataor displayreadingscanbe usedto isolateand diagnoseanyproblems suchasbaseaddresscontentionor signaldrift. In contrastto menu-drivensoftware,Lexiconis command-driven. Like DOS,a commandtypedin response to a promptis input to theLexiconsystem,interpreted, andthenexecuted. Lexiconusestheprompt,,ok" to let you know a commandhasbeenacceptedwithout error.For examplethe command: lOO READINGS will result in 100A/D readingsin bis being takenanddisplayedacrossrhescreen. NOTE: Lexicon requiresttratall commandsbe enteredin capital leuerswith at leastone spacebetween Lexicondoesnot recognizelower-caseletters. commands. The operand"100" comesbeforethe operator"READINGS". Like Forth, Lexicon usesReversePolish Notation - also calledRPN or postfix notation.The main reasonfor usinga stack-orientedlanguageis executionspeedand easeof passingargumentsbetweencommands.In an RPN language,commandsor progmmstake or leavenumbers as argumentsfrom that sack. NOTE: On the ll0 board: Gain -4095Blts +4095Bits 't -5 volts +5 volls 10 -500 millivohs +500 millivohs 100 -50 millivohs +50 millivolts It is importantto rememberthat a commandlike READINGS in the aboveexamplemusthavea 16-bit integer argumentprecedingit. If you type in READINGS with no argument,an eror will result How do you know if a commandtakesan argumenton the stack?You mustreadtheLexicon commandlisted in the documentation. The Lexicon commandsetdescribedlater showseachcommandin the following format: READINGS ( n -) On the HELP screenany commandlistedwith a 'n' in front of it requiresan argumenlFor example: n READINGS The n beforethe commandmeansthat a (n)umbermustbe enteredasan argument.The valid rangeof numbers for l,exiconis -32767 a +32761. D-3 LEXICON AND DOS The Lexicon softwareis wiuen to run underthe MS-DOSoperatingsystemversion2.0 or greater.To insure the softwarewill work on PC clones,muchof it is written in assemblylanguageusing the BIOS and DOS software intemrpts.Insteadof communicatingdirectly with the computerhardware,the BIOS ROM or DOS takescareof manycommonfunctionslike drawinga pixel,readingtime,changingvideomodes,anddisk I/O. CertainLexicon 110functions- suchastime delays- areimplementedusingBIOSIDOSintemrpts.For example,to tell time,Lexiconperformsa BIOS call IAH to obtainthenumberof lSth-secondclock ticks since midnight.This meansthatwhentakingreadings,theclosesttheycanbe discernedis 1/18of a secondapart.This is a limitation imposedby DOS.The correcttime of day readby this intemrpt is dependenton the correcttime being enteredwhen you boot your machine. INSTALLING LEXICON 110 Beforerunning lrxicon, we recommendthat you $e*rtea separateLexicon disk. This is doneby copying the following files containedin the LEXICON subdirecory on the programdisk onto a blank formatteddisk: LEXllO.COM SETTJP.LEX BLOCKS.BKS SINE.DAT Irxicon 110is suppliedasa .COM file and mustincludeseveralotherfiles in order to operateproperly.One file that mustbe includedis SETUP.LEX,a small file loadedafter Lexicon is booted.This file containsthe base addressof the I10. SETUP.LEXcanbe configuredfor othervaluesby the softwareso it canbooton an unusedI/O location.BLOCKS.BKSis theLexiconfile thatcontainstheboot instructionsusedby thesystemto setsomeinitial characteristicsand also lists the HELP screen. Daa fiIes createdby Irxicon arealwaysfollowed by theextension.DAT, and havea specialintemal coding to insurethat only kxicon createdfiles canbe loadedby the system.SINE.DAT is an exampleof a datafile and is includedon your disk. It wasgeneratedby usinga 110boardto digitize the ouput of a sine wave signalgenerator. To run Lexicon enterthe name:LEXl10 from DOS.Lexicon will load, zerothe internaldatabuffers,load a setupfile, take 15 test AID readings,in bits, and displaya IIELP screen.It would be very helpfut if you havea voltagesourceor batteryconnectedto the input of the 110board.This will enableyou to seeif the displayedvalues matchand frack ttreinput voltage. LOADING THE SAMPLE DATA To examinethe contentsof the disk, usethe commandDIR just asyou would from DOS. To load a Lexicon file (with the extension.DAT), use: FLOAD < name > This commanddisplaysthe direcory of the activedisk drive andpromptsfor a file name.After you entera file name,it will be loadedinto the databuffen. The commandto display the datain the daa buffer is: PLOT presstheESCkey. To exitthePLOTprogram, D4 CHANGING THE DEFAULT BASE ADDRESS If you changethe baseaddresssettingof the 110by repositioningthejumper pin at connectorP2, you must inform Lexicontlratyou madethis change.Thecommandto do thisis ADDR. Lexiconmustbe madeawareof this changeor it will attemptto communicate with the 110at a differentaddressandwon't work at all. Lexiconboos up at baseaddress512(200 hex). To changethe defaultbaseaddressto, for example,576(240 hex) on boot-up,rype thefollowing: 576 ADDR NEW "576" is the decimalvalueof hex 240 on jumper P2, the secondjumper settingfrom the lefl Next type "Y" in responseto the question.To perform a new initialization sequence,type the following: LSU STTINIT LSU will Load SetUpand SUIMT will performa setupinitialization of the I10. The following cableshowsrhe correspondingdecimalAexadecimalequivalentsof the eight P2 baseaddresses: Hexadecimal Decimal 200 512 240 s76 280 640 2C0 704 300 768 340 832 380 896 3C0 960 USING LEXICON 110 Beforedescribingthe Lexicon 110commandsin detail,therearea few items concerningthe operationof Irxicon that shouldbe repeated.All commandsmustbe ente.red in uppercasewith at leastonespacebe[ween commands.The RETURN key mustbe pressedto executethe command(s).Irxicon is capableof handlingonly 16-bitintegernumbersasarguments;thatis, numbersrangingbetween-32,767and,+32,767.Numbers entered outsidethis rangewill result in indeterminatevaluesbeingplaceon the sack. REMEMBER: 1. Enter all commandsin upper-caseletters 2. All commandsmust be separatedby at leastonespace On bootup,all numbersenteredandoutputfrom Lexicon arein decimal.I*xicon canalsoopemtein hexadecimal, octal, and binary numberingmodes.Internally, all numbersarestoredin binary, but when enteringor displaying them,you can choosea different numberbaseusing the DECIMAL, I{EX, OCTAL, and BINARY commands. However,be awarethat Lexicon will expectyour daa input o be consistentwith the curent numberbase.For example,if you are in decimalmode,the hex numbersA throughF will not be accepted.Lexicon can alsobe usedto changenumbersbetweenbases.The IIEX commandcanbe usedto convert tle P2 connector'shex baseaddress valueso their decimalequivalents.The following examplesassumethe currentnumberbaseinitially is decimal. D-5 TRY THIS: HEX 2C0 DECIMAL . DISCUSSION: The hex modeis selectedandthehexvalue2C0 is entered,convertedto decimalandprinted usingtheDECIMAL and . commands. The next examplesillustratehow Lexicon canchangethe numberbaseof valueswhich areinput to andoutput from the computer. TRY THIS: 346 HEX . DECIMAL DISCUS$ON: Thenumber346(in thecunentnumberbase)is placedon thestack,thenumberbaseis changedto hex, and the operator. prints the op of the stack.The commandDECIMAL returnsyou tll the decimalmode. TRY THIS: BINARY 1101111001DECIMAL . DISCUSSION: Thebinarynumberbaseis selectedandthebinarynumber"110111100f is enteredon the stack.DECIMAL switchesyou back to decimalmodeand .prints the decimalequivalenton the screen. TRY THIS: DECIMAL 3147BINARY . DECIMAL DISCUSSION: Thedecimalmodeis selectedandthevalue3147is entered.BINARY switchesrhenumber baseand .prints the binary equivalenton the screen.DECIMAL changesthe modeback to base10. What doesthe operator. do? As we saideadier,. prints the top numberon the stackin the currentnumberbase followed by a spaceon the screen. TRYTHIS: 316. DISCUSSION:The number346is enteredon thestack.Regardless of thenumbersalreadyon the stack,it will go on top. Then it prins the numberon the screenin the numberbasecurrently selected. Typing . with nothing on the stackresultsin an error message.This is not a fatal enor. Sometimesnumberscan accumulatrs on the stackwithout you realizing it. You canget rid of the excessstacknumbersusing the . command. D-6 LEXICONCOMMANDSET The Lexicon commandsaredivided into four classes:A/D Connol, OperatingSystem,File Conrol,/Ilelp Screen,andHigh-Irvel Commands. Lettersin parentheses aretheshort-handversionsof the commandswhich can be enteredin oneor two keystrokes. permitdirectcontrolof the 110board: A/D Control. The A/D Controlcommands COMMAND ADC DIFF ?ADDR READINGS READ (R) IOMAP STATUS (ST) ADDR 1x 10x 100x INIT STACK (- ) (- ) (- ) ( n-) (- ) (- ) (- ) ( n-) (- ) (- ) (- ) (- ) DESCRIPTION Prints a singleA/D result in bits Prints the DIFFERENCE betweenreadings Prints the present110baseaddress Displaysn A/D readings DisplaysA/D readingscontinuously Displaysthe 110'sVO map Displaysthe current systemstatus Setsa new baseVO address Setsgain to I Setsgain to 10 Setsgain to 100 Initializesthe 110board Operating System.The OperatingSystsmcommandsconsistof utilitiesto changetheglobalsystemparameten suchastime delayand numberbase: COMMAND BYE MS ?DELAY TIMER TX HR ?BASE BINARY DECIMAL OCTAL HEX DIR CLS STACK (- ) (- ) (- ) ( n-) (- ) (- ) (- ) (- ) (- ) (- ) (- ) ((- DESCRIPTION Exits Lexiconto DOS Delayaccordingto the valuein TIMER Prints the presentsystemdelay Selecta time delay of n (dimensionless) Selectstext modeon CRT Selectshigh resotutiongraphicsmode Displaysthe current number base Selectsnumber baseof 2 Selectsnumber baseof l0 Selectsnumber baseof 8 Selectsnumber baseof 16 Displaysdirectory of selecteddrive Clearsthe text screen D-7 FiIe ControVHelpScreen.TheFile Control/HelpScreencommandsareusedto saveandloadthe extended memoryarrayof acquireddataand the SETUPanay. TheseDOS files can alsobe loadedby otherMS-DOS progrirms.A utility progam (SEE)permis examinationon the screenof the extendedarray data: COMMAND STACK DESCRIPTION FLOAD (L) FSAVE (S) SEE NEW LSU HELP (H) (-) (-) Loads a Lexicon data file Savesa Lexicon data file Examinesdata array starting a # n Write presentsetupto SETUP file Loadsthe configuration setupfile Displaysthe Lexiconhelp screen (n- ) (-) (-) (-) High-Level Commands.The High-LevelCommands areusedto collectandplot datain differentformats: COMMAND STACK DESCRIPTION coLLECr (C) RC ZERO (-) (- Data collectionprogram Resumedata collection Zeroesdata buffers Strip chart simulator Full-scaleplotting program Plots data in buffers Continuousmillivolt display Selectsdrive A Selectsdrive B Selectsdrive C CHART FS PLOT (P) -) ( -) ( -) ( -) ( -) Mvs (M) A: B: C: CONTROLLING THE 110BOARD A usefulcommandis READ. This commandwill takeAID conversionson a singlechannelandwill continuouslydisplaythemin bits on thescreen.This commandalsohasa shorthandform of 'R'. Enteringthe commandREAD will causeA,/Dconversionsto be displayedasbits. pressingany key will halt the acquisition.Changethe input voltageto ttre110boardandwatchtheOisplayeO bits valueschangeaccordingly.The inputrangeof the 1l0 is -5 o +5 volts,so -5 will be 4095 and+5 will be +4096birs for a gainof 1. To determinethe defaultbaseaddress,channel,or input gain, enterthe commandSTATUS (ST). TRY THIS: 10 READINGS DISCUSSION: 10READINGSdisplays10AID conversions on rle screen. TRYTHIS: READ (R) DISCUSSION:READ (unlikeREADINGS)continuouslyperformsA/D conversions anddisplaysthemin bits until any key is pressed.It usesthe presentgain valueanddoesnot changethem.Pleasenote that since READ is oftenused,it hastre shorthandform of "R". Tlpe in "R'and thesamecommandis executed. D-8 TRYTHIS: MVS DISCUS$ON: MVS, like the commandREAD, takescontinuousAID conversions anddisplaysthemin miltvolts. MVS works only for a gain of 1. Pressingany key hals the conversions. TRY THIS: DIFF DISCUSSION:DIFF is a programlhat continuouslyprintsout thedifferencebetweentwo successive readings. If the analoginput signalis perfectly stable,all thereadingswill be zero.If the signalis noisy, hasbase addresscontention,or is rapidlychanging,thennon-zerovalueswill appear.Thisis a gooddebuggingutility. CHANGING THE DEFAULT VALUE As we sated earlier, whenLexicon is loaded,a small file calledSETLTP.LEXis loadedand usedto initialize the 110'sbaseaddressand gain. This file canbe changedto initialize the boardto your own specificationswith the commandNEW. NEW displaysthe currentVO addressandgain, andasksif you would like to makethesevalues the setupdefaults.If you respondwith "Y", they arewritten to ttreSETUP.LEXhle on the disk. TRYTHIS: NEW DISCUSSION: NEW akes the presentvaluesof ttreI/O baseaddressand gain and writes themto the file SETUP.LEXwhich is loadedwhen the systemboots. TRY THIS: LSU SI.JIMT DISCUS$ON: LSU loadsthe setupfile from the disk into the initialization array.SUINTTis the setupinitialization procedurewhich reconfiguresthe 110for your new setupvalues. LEXICON 110DATA FILES Lexicon 110savesdatain DOS files. It alsohastheability to createandlist thefiles on a disk. All Lexicon createdfiles havethe extension.DAT andan internalcodettrratidentifiesthe file asonecreatedby Lexicon. Files witttout the extension.DAT and without the intemal codewill not be loaded.This specialencodingconsistsof the extension.DAT anda decimal19in the thfudbyteof thefile. TRY THIS: DIR {..DAT DISCUS$ON: Like the DOS equivalenf DIR can ircceptargumentsfrom the DOS commandline. This exampleinstrucg Lexicon to display all files with the extension.DAT. TRY THIS: FLOAD SINE.DAT DISCUSSION: The commandFLOAD (File Ioad) will load a Lexicon file into an exlendedarray so the data can be plotted and examined. TRYTHIS: FSAVE < name> DISCUS$ON: The commandFSAVE (File Save)will savettredaa storedin the extendedarray into the specifiedfile (appendedwith the extension.DAT). It will prompt you for a file namero use.The first elementof the createdfile is the numberof datapoins it conlains,the secondis the number19 (to codefor a valid Irxicon datafile). The next elementscontainthe systemgain and delay.The acquireddatafollows. This commandis abbreviat€d as"S". D-9 Datais storedin the extendedanay in a specialformaf A/D resulVtimeMSW (Most Significant Word)/time LSW (LeastSignificantWord). Every A/D conversionis taggedwith a 32-bit time value (from the internal MSDOS timer). A 64K datafrle will consistof about22,W daa points and22,000doubleprecisiontime values.The 32-bittime valuerepresents the numberof 1/18secondMS-DOSticks sincemidnight. TRY THIS: 100SEE DISCUSSION:The SEEcommandletsyou examinea datapoint andits 32-bittime tag.Fifty datapointsare displayedin this format: Data Point. #/Time/Value (bits) The argumentfor the commandis the startingvalueyou want to examine.In this example,you will begin looking at datapoint 100.Note ttratthe ftst datapoint you can usewith the SEEcommandis an argumentof '2". PressingPgUp/PgDnscrolls ttrereadings;ESC will terminatethis command. TRYTHIS: C: DIR DISCUS$ON: C: will selectdrive C asthe selecteddrive.DIR will list thedisk directory. LEXICON 110PLOTTING Irxicon includesseveralhigh-levelplotting programs.Becausea limited numberof datapointscanbe plotted acrossthe screen(approximately1140),the datapointsarebrokenup into frames.One framecanbe displayedon the screenat onetime and it consistsof two graphicsboxes.The plotting progams PLOT andFS display oneframe of data.The PgUp,PgDn,and Homekeys areusedto displaythe nextfureviousframe of ttreextendedmemoryanay andreturn o the first frame.When usedwittr the GRAPHICS.COMutility suppliedwith advancedversionsof DOS, high-qualitygraphicsoutputscanbe dumpedto a compatibleprinter. TRYTHIS: PLOT DISCUS$ON: Any datastoredin the databuffersis scaledto fit into the npo graphicsboxes.This program displaysone frameof daa (which is about 1140points).Pressthe PgUp/PgDnor Home key to seettrenex/ previousframe of datadisplayedasa point plot on the screen.This commandcanbe usedwithout first FLOADing a file, but most likely you will seenothingon the display,or perhapssomerandomdataleft over from anotherprogram.Pressingthe ESC key terminatesit The numbersalong the X-axis of eachdisplay are the array indicesof the daa points.This commandis abbreviatedas"P". TRY THIS: FS DISCUS$ON: FS is a Full-Screendataplottingprogram.It displayshalf a frameof data.Ofren,darais more easily understoodwhen a largerplot is displayed.This routine is also atractive whendaa is dumpedusing theGRAPHICS.COMutility. TRYTHIS: CHART DISCUS$ON: CHART imitatesa strip chartrecorderandwill graphicallydisplay the A/D readingsasa point plot in real time. ESC terminatesttris program. D-10 LEXICON 110UTILITY PROGRAMS In Lexicon, all highJevel programssuchasCOLLECT, RC, CHART, andREAD can havea time delay insertedto delaybetweeneachreading.To setthe time delay,usethe commandTIMER. For examplethe command 5000TIMER storesthe dimensionlessnumber5000in the variableDELAY. A delayof 5000correqpondsto a delay of about 19 secondson a 4.77 MHz machine.It canbe scaledaccordinglyfor fast€rCPUs.To actuallyget a feel for how long the delay is, usethe commandMS or READ. TRY THIS: 500TIMER READ or 5000TIMER MS DISCUS$ON: A value of 500 is enteredinto the time delayvariable.This is abouta 1.9 seconddelay between readings.It is fasterfor higherclock speedsand will scalerp linearly. OPERATINGSYSTEMCOMMANDS The Lexicon OperatingSystemcommandsare usedto interfacewith the entire systemsuchasclearingthe screenor changingthe numberbase. cl,s (-) Clearsthe text screen;works like the samecommandin BASIC. rx (-) Selectsthe video text mode.If your display appea$stuckin the high-resolutiongraphicsmode,enterTX to return it to the text mode. HR (_) Selectsthe high-resolutionvideo mode. ?BASE(- ) Prints ttrecurent numberbasein decimal. BYE (-) Exis Lexicon and returnsto DOS. HIGH.LEVEL COMMANDS - DRIVE SELECTION A: (-) Selectsdrive A as the defaultdrive. B: (-) Selectsdrive B asthe default drive. c: (-) Selectsdrive C as tlre default drive. D-l1 TRYTHIS: C: FSAVE DISCUSSION:Selecsdrive C asthe defaultdrive for listing,loading,andsoring Lexiconfiles. TRY THIS: A: DIR DISCUSSION:This commandsequence selectsdrive A asthedefaultdriveandlists thedirectory. D.T2 APPENDIX E WARRANTY E-l LIMITED WARRANTY Real Time Devices,Inc. warrantsthe hardwareand softwareproductsit manufacturesandproducesto be free from defectsin materialsand workmanshipfor one yearfollowing the dateof shipmentfrom REAL TIIvIE DEVICES. This warrantyis limited to the original purchaserof productand is not ransferable. During the oneyearwarrantyperiod,REAL TIME DEVICES will repair or replace,at its option, any defective productsor partsat no additionalcharge,providedttratthe productis returned,shippingprepaid,to REAL TIME DEVICES. All replacedpars and productsbecomettrepropertyof REAL TIME DEVICES. nefo"e returning any product for repair, customersare required to contactthe factory for an RMA number. THIS LIMITED WARRANTY DOESNOT EXTEND TO ANY PRODUCTSWHICH HAVE BEEN DAMAGED AS A RESULT OF ACCIDENT, MISUSE, ABUSE (suchas:useof incorrectinput voltages,improperor insufficient ventilation,failure o follow the operatinginstructionsthat are providedUynfAf- TIIvG DEVICES, "ac8 of God" or othercontingenciesbeyondthe control of REAL TIME DEVICES), OR AS A RESULT OF SERVICEOR MODIFICATION BY A}.IYONE OTI{ER THANREAL TIME DEVICES.EXCEPT AS EX. PRESSLYSET FORTH ABOVE, NO OTIIER WARRANTIES ARE E)PRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, A}IY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESSFOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE,AND REAL TIME DEVICESE)PRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES NOT STATED HEREIN. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES,INCLUDING IMPLIED WARRANTIES FOR MECHANTABILITY AND FTTNESSFOR A PARTICI.'LAR PURPOSE,ARE LIMITED TO T}M DURATION OF THIS WARRANTY. IN T}IE EVENT TIIE PRODUCTIS NOT FREEFROM DEFECTSAS WARRANTED ABOVE, TIIE PURCHASER'SSOLEREMEDY SHALL BE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT AS PROVIDED ABOVE. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCESWILL REAL TIME DEVICES BE LIABLE TO TTIE PURCHASER OR ANIY USERFOR ANY DAMAGES,INCLUDING AI.{Y INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,E)PENSES,LOST PROFITS,LOST SAVINGS,OR OTHERDAMAGES ARISING OUT OF TI{E USE OR INABILITY TO USE TIIE PRODUCT. SOME STATESDO NOT ALLOW TIIE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQIJENTIAL DAMAGES FOR CONSUMERPRODUCTS,AND SOME STATESDO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON HOW LONG AN IMPLMD WARRANTY LASTS, SO TIIE ABOVE LIMITATIONS OR EXCLU. SIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. TI{IS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFICLEGAL RIGIITS, AND YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTIIER RIGITTSWHICH VARY FROM STATE TO STATE. E-3 E4 INDEX A G AID Conversion i-3 ConversionModes 4-5 ContinuousConvert 4-5 SingleConvert 4-5 MSB andLSB 4-10 AID Converter 34 ConversionRate 3- 4 Analog Input 3-3 InputRange 3-3 InputType 3-3 Gain 1-6, 3-3, 44. Seec/soProgrammable Gain Settingthe Gain 44 GainSettings 1-6 I I/O Connections 2-3 Analog Input 24 Differential 24 Single+nded 24 Digital VO 2-5 ResetDrv 2-5 Status 2-5 Trigger In and Trigger Out 2-5 VO lvlap 4-10 Definitions 4-10 Initialization 4-3 Insallation 2-3 Intemrpts 3-5, 4-9, SeealsoEnd-of-Convert B BoardAccessories i-3 BoardBlock Diagram 3-3 BoardInitialization 4-3. Seea/soInitialization BoardLayout 1-3 C Calibration 5-3 Full-ScaleAdjustment5-5 OffsetAdjustment 5-3 CascadingBoards 2-5, 4-8 CustomerService i-3 L Lexicon D-3 o OvervoltageProtection 3-3 D P D/A Conversion i-3,4-9 D/A Converter 34, 4-13 ImprovedSettlingTime 34 OutputVoltageRange 34 Differential Input 2-4 GroundReference 2-5 No GroundReference 24 DigitalI/O i-3,3-4, 4-9 P4UOConnectorPinout 2-3,B-3 Programmable Gain 1-6, 3-3 ProgrammablePeripheralInterface 34, 4-3, 4-9, C-3 Bit Set/Reset 44 PPI Conrol Word 4-t2 S E SimulaneousSampling 2-5. SeealsoCascading Boards Single-Endedlnput 24 SpecificationsA-3 Status 4-I3 Line 4-3 Status End-of-Convert 3-5, 4-3 ExampleProgmms 4-14 F FactorySettings l-3 P2, BaseAddress 14 P3,IntemrptChannelSelection 14 P5, D/A OutputVoltrge Range 1-5 P6, Single-Ended/Diff AnalogInput Selecr l-5 P7, ExternalTriggerIn l-5 51, A/D ConversionRate 1-6 T TechnicalSupport i4 w Warranty E-3 I-l 110SeriesBoardUser-Selected Settings Basel/OAddress: (hex) IRQ GhannetSetected: IRQChannel# (decimal)