Download Handbook Best practice DroppeD oBject ManageMent

Handbook
Best practice
Dropped Object
Management
Rev. 02
www.samarbeidforsikkerhet.no
abbreviations / terms
• HSE–Health,safetyandenvironment
• DO–Droppedobject,anuncontrolledmovementof
anobjectfromoneleveltoanother
• CCTV–(Closed-circuittelevision)surveillance
camera.
• Documented training–trainingwherebypersons
usinganequipmenthavereceiveddocumentable
practicaltrainingandtheoreticaltuitionthathas
providedthemwithknowledgeof:Structure/
composition,operation,propertiesandareasofuse,
aswellasmaintenanceandcontrol,allincompliance
withthesafe-useandoperatingrequirementsinthe
applicableregulationsandinstructionsforuse.
• Competent person–Apersonthatcandocument
practicalandtheoreticalknowledgeinthediscipline
area,forexampleintheformofanexamination
certificateoracertificateofcompetence.
• SfS–SamarbeidforSikkerhet(“WorkingTogether
forSafety”)Atripartitecooperationwithinthefieldof
health,safetyandtheenvironment(HSE)intheoil
and-gasindustry.
2
Dropped Object Management
introduction
Fallingobjectsrepresentasignificant
safetychallengeinouroperations.
Studieshaveshownthatourgreatestchallenges
areconnectedtoworkprocessesandinadequately
securedequipment.Asacorrectiveaction
WorkingTogetherforSafety(SfS)hasdecidedto
publishthishandbook,whichsummarizesrelevant
requirementsforsecuringfixedandlooseequipment.
ThishandbookwasfirstestablishedbyStatoil
togetherwiththeircontractorsandusers.
Ouraimbypublishingthishandbookisto
communicateBestPracticetotheindustry.
Themainobjectiveistoavoiddroppedobjects.
Toachievethisweneedtoknowhowtosecure
equipment.Usethishandbookactively
tobetterunderstandandestablishnecessary
barriers.Alsomakesurethatthesebarriersare
maintained.
SfSwouldliketoexpresssincerethanks
toStatoilHydrofortheirwillingnesstosheartheirBest
Practicewiththerestofourindustry.
ErikWiig
LeaderSfS
Dropped Object Management
3
table of contents
Purpose of the handbook......................................... 6
Barriers....................................................................... 8
Fall energy and fall factor........................................ 10
Galvanic corrosion................................................... 12
Bolted connections.................................................. 14
-Specialbolts........................................................ 16
-Boltedconnections.............................................. 18
Correct use of cotter pins....................................... 26
Securing pins/ safety pins....................................... 28
Securing devices...................................................... 30
Correct installation of wire clamps......................... 32
Securing of personnel.............................................. 34
Derrick evacuation equipment................................ 36
Securing of tools at hight........................................ 38
-Handtools<5kg............................................... 38
-Tools5-25kg...................................................... 40
-Securingofotherportableequipment................ 42
-Toolcabinetsforwork......................................... 44
Securing of permanently attached equipment..... 46
Walkways
-Grating................................................................. 46
-Pipeworkandequipmentfeedthroughs.............. 48
-Railings............................................................... 50
-Toeboards.......................................................... 52
-Swinggates........................................................ 54
-Ladders............................................................... 56
4
Dropped Object Management
Electroandinstrument
-Floodlights........................................................... 58
-Lightingfixtures................................................... 60
-Navigationlights................................................. 62
-CCTVcamera..................................................... 64
-Craneboomcamera........................................... 68
-Loudspeakers..................................................... 70
-Junctionboxesandcabinetsinstalledaloft........ 72
-Cabletraysandcableladders............................ 74
Structures
-Windwalls.......................................................... 76
-Signs................................................................... 78
Otherequipment
-Valvehandlesandwheelsinstalledatheight..... 80
-Locksoninsulationcladding.............................. 82
-Temporary/permanentstorageofgascylinders.. 84
-Snatchblocks.................................................... 86
-Umbilicalrollersheaves..................................... 88
-Loophoses......................................................... 90
-Loadcarriers...................................................... 92
-Correctuseofshackles...................................... 94
-Correctuseofeyebolts/eyenuts....................... 96
Racks and storage..................................................... 98
Unnecessary equipment aloft.............................. 100
Securing of parts, equipment and material
during work aloft ................................................... 102
Post inspection/ final check of the work site...... 104
Observation techniques........................................ 106
Dropped Object Management
5
purpose of the handbook
Thisdocumentisintendedtohelpeliminatetheriskof
droppedobjects.Itappliesbothtoequipmentprocure
andtoequipmentalreadyinusein/onyourownandhired
installations.Inmanycases,thefunctionalrequirements
thatareestablishedfortheequipmentinthisdocument
willsetanewstandardforouractivities.Thedefinition
ofbarriersthatpreventdroppedobjects,deployedinthe
procurement,useandmaintenanceofequipment,has
beenanimportantgoal.Whenprocuringnewequipment,
wemustendeavourtouseintegratedsolutionsinrespect
tobarriers.Inordertominimizethedangerofcollision,we
mustalwaysevaluatetheriskassociatedwiththechosen
locationofequipment.Equipmentmustbedesignedand
installedtoprovidethesafestpossibleaccessformaintenance,ref.NORSOK,PSA,OLFandtheNorwegian
LabourInspectionAuthority.
Thefunctionalrequirementssetforthinthishandbook
mustbecompliedwithinthewholevaluechain:
- design
- procurement - installation
- operation - maintenance
Bycomplyingwiththeserequirementsyouwillhelp
SfSachievethegoalofzerodroppedobjects
Who is responsible?
– Everyone in the value chain (see next page).
6
Dropped Object Management
Dropped Object Management 7
Barriers
• Barriersarefunctionsandmeasuresdesignedto
breakaspecifiedundesirablechainsofevents.
Inotherwords,theirfunctionistopreventadanger
frommanifestingitselfortolimitthedamageby
breakinganundesirablechainofevents.
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Dropped Object Management
Safetybarriersaretechnical,organizationalorother
plannedandimplementedmeasuresintendedtobreak
anundesirablechainofevents.
- Man (humanknowledge,experienceandqualities)
-
-
Technicalsolutionsalonecanserveasbarrier
functions,buttheyoftenneedtobecombinedwith
organizationaland/orhumansolutions
MandOsolutionscannot fillbarrierfunctions alone;theymustalwaysbecombinedwithatleast
oneothersolution.
Organizational(procedures,specifications,
checklistsetc.)
t
o
M
Dropped Object Management
9
Fall energy and fall factor
Fall factors
the “fall factor “describes the severity of a
fall. it is an expression
of the relationship between the length of the
fall and the length of
rope available to break
the fall.
factor0
lanyardwith
factor1
factor2
the fall factor is calculated using the formula
on next page.
lanyardwithout
energyabsorber
10
Dropped Object Management
Fall energy
Fallenergy,measuredinJoules(J)asshowninthe
figuretotheleft,isonlyusedinconnectionwiththerisk
ofpersonalinjury(inothercasespotentialfallenergy
(Ef)iscalculatedusingtheformulaEf=mghwheremis
theweightoftheobjectinkg,histheheightfromwhich
theobjectisdroppedandgisthegravitationalacceleration=9.8m/s).
Alimitof40JhasbeendefinedbyOLFandPSA
Norway,asthecriterionforseriouspersonalinjury.
Fall factor
Thefallfactoristhetotallengthofthefalldividedby
thelengthofthesecuringdevicethatabsorbsthefall
energy.Theforceapersonorobjectisexposedto,
dependsontheenergy-absorbingpropertiesofthe
securingdevice(abilitytolengthenwithoutbreaking).
Whensecuringpersonsagainstfalling,thefallfactor
mustundernocircumstancesexceedfactor2.Itshould
preferablybekeptunderfactor1.
reference: petzl technical guideline.
Dropped Object Management
11
galvanic corrosion
Anode(lessnobel)
cathode (more nobel)
Electrochemical series
cathode (protected) more noble
graphite
titanium
silver
acid-proof steel a4 – passive
stainless steel a2 – passive
iconel – passive
nickel – passive
silver solder
Monel
copper/nickel alloys
Bronze
copper
Brass
iconel – active
nickel – active
Tin
Lead
Tinsolder
StainlesssteelA4–active
StainlesssteelA2–active
Caststeel
Steelandiron
Aluminium2024–T4
Cadmium
Aluminium1100
Galvanisedsteel
Zinc
Magnesiumalloys
Magnesium
Anode (corrodes) less noble
Asabasicrule,onlymetalsofthesameoralmostthesame
nobilityshouldbecombinedinacorrosiveenvironment.
12
Dropped Object Management
Galvaniccorrosionoccurswhentwodissimilarmetals
withdifferentvoltagepotentialsareincontactwitheach
otherinthepresenceofanelectrolyte(dampfilmor
seawater/freshwater).Whenthishappens,theless
noblemetalbecomestheanodeandthemorenoble
metalthecathode.
Ifasteelscrewisfixedintoacopperplate,thescrew
willbetheanodesincecopperisthenoblermetal.The
screwwillcorroderapidlyasthedifferenceinpotential
isgreat.
steel screw
current
Humidity
copper
Ifthesamesteelscrewisfixedintoalessnobleplate,
e.g.azincplate,thescrewwillbethecathodeandwill
notrust.Thezincplatewillcorrode,asitislessnoble
thanthescrew.
steel screw
current
Humidity
Less noble plate
Forthesereasons,itisimportantthatallsecuring
devicesareofthestainlesssteeltype.Thisappliesto
cotterpins,safetypins,securingwireandlockingwire
forthreadingthroughnutsandboltsetc.
Dropped Object Management
13
Bolted connections
14
Dropped Object Management
Atpresent,boltsarebeingproducedtoatleast85
differentindustrialstandardsandtherequirements
forboltedconnectionsvaryforthedifferentsectors
dependingonthegivendesign,operationalandmaintenancerequirements.
Achievingastableboltedconnectionwilltherefore
requireaqualifiedevaluationofthefollowingfactors:
• Loaddesign
• Choiceofmaterialswithrespecttomechanical
propertiesandcorrosionresistance
• Whereappropriate,useoflubricant
• Pre-tensioninganduseofthecorrecttorque
equipment
Locking of bolts to secure against loss of torque
and pre-tension, is defined as secondary retention.
Eighty-fivepercentofalldamagetoboltsetc.isdueto
fatigue:
–dynamicloadwithinadequatepre-tensioning
–overstrainresultinginreducedpre-tensioning
Dropped Object Management
15
special bolts
BONDURA BOLT
www.boltnorge.no
Bondurahasaconstructionthatcantakeupmovement
andovalitybyusingexpandingtaperedsleevesatboth
endsofthebolt.Thereareseveralvariantsofthebolt,
bothstraight-throughversionstootherthatarefitted
fromoneside.Standardscrewsaretightenedtopress
inthecones.Theboltisfixeddirectlytothemachineor
equipmentwithlockingscrews.Thispreventsthebolt
fromloosening,fallingoutorrotatinginthebolthole.
Bonduraboltsmustbefittedandmaintainedin
accordancewiththemanufacturer’sspecifications.
BonduraiscertifiedincompliancewithAPI8Cand
F.E.M.regulations.
Areas of use:
Forexample,asareplacementforclevisboltsintop
drivesandhingeboltsondollies,pipehandling
equipmentandcranes.
Bondura bolt 6.6
16
Bondura bolt 6.1
Dropped Object Management
SUPERBOLT / SUPERNUT
www.superbolt.com
Superbolt/Supernutareconstructedsuchthatstandardnutsarereplacedby“stretchnuts”withintegrated
jackboltsandwashers.Usecanbeverybeneficialin
termsofHSEbecauseonlyhandtoolsareneededfor
fittinganddismantling.Riggingofheavytorqueequipmentanduseofsledgehammersduringinstallationand
disassemblyisavoided.Anadditionalbenefitisthat
timeissavedduringtheoperations.Boltsmustbefitted
andmaintainedinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’s
specifications.BothSuperboltandSupernutisavailable
inaspecialcorrosion
resistantoffshoreversion.
Areas of use:
Almostunlimited;available
inbothinchandmillimetre
dimensionsanddiameters
fromM20toM160.
Dropped Object Management
17
Bolted connections
nord-Lock bolt securing system
spiralock
18
Dropped Object Management
Dual nuts are not recommended for locking of bolted
connections. The following methods are recommended
for locking bolted connections.
NORD-LOCk BOLT SECURiNG SySTEM
www.nordlock.com
Whencorrectlyinstalled,theNord-LockBoltsecuring
systemprovidesaguaranteedsecureboltedconnection.
Lockingisachievedbymeansoftwowashersthatensure
theclampingforceismaintainedintheboltedconnection.
Nord-LockhasDnV(DetNorskeVeritas)typeapproval.
Areas of use:
Particularlysuitableforconnectionsexposedtovibrations,e.g.grating,loudspeakers,cabletrays,ladders,
guiderailsetc.Butithasanalmostunlimitedrangeof
applications.
SPiRAL LOCk
www.spiralock.com
Self-lockisanall-metallocknut/boltandhasaspecially
designedthreadedprofilethatlockswhentightened
anddistributesthetensionoverthewholelengthof
thethread.Thisprovidesbetterloaddistribution,which
helpstoimprovethelockingoftheboltconnection.
Areas of use:
Almostunlimited,frequentlyusedforcriticalbolt
connections.
Dropped Object Management
19
correct installation of cotter pins in bolts
20
Dropped Object Management
CASTLE NUT WiTH COTTER PiN
Adoptedfromtheaviationindustry,
Castlenutsprovideavisualandreliablemethodfor
lockingboltedconnections.Thenuthasradialslotsand
islockedbynoncorrosivecotterpinsthatareinserted
throughaholeinthebolt.
Areas of use:
Unlimited,
butfrequentlyusedforcriticalboltconnections.
Dropped Object Management
21
nyloc lock nut
Lock nut with split top
Lock nut with deformed top
tab washer
tab plate
22
Dropped Object Management
NyLOC LOCk NUT
Nyloclocknutsareextensivelyusedthroughoutthe
industry.Nyloclocknutsshouldonlybeusedonce.
StandardDin985Nylocnutshaveatemperature
ratingfrom-70°Cto+120°C.
Areas of use:
Thistypeofnutisrecognizedforlockinginconnectionswhereacertaindegreeoflostpre-tensioncanbe
accepted.
ALL-METAL LOCk NUTS
All-metallocknutscanbeusedonallboltdimensions.
Thenutlocksbythethreadedsectionortopofthenut
deforms/splits,orthroughthenuthavingatoothedring
underthecollar.Thisprovidesgreaterfrictionbetween
thebolt/underlayandnut,providingasecureconnection.Therearemanyvarietiesandsuppliersonthe
market.
Areas of use:
Thesenutshaveanalmostunlimitedareaofuse.
TAB WASHER / TAB PLATE DiN 93/463
Tabwasherscanbeusedonalldimensionsandinany
placedesignedfortheuseoftabwashers.Thereare
severaltypeswithdifferentareasofuseforlocking
eithernutsorbolts.Itisimportanttousetherighttype
foreachpurpose.
Areas of use:
Typicallyinuseonmachinerywhereitisimportantto
preventtheboltfromrotating.
Dropped Object Management
23
paLnUt (Din 7967) lock nut
Lock-wiring of bolts
24
Dropped Object Management
PALNUT
Palnutlocknut(DIN7967)hasbeenonthemarketfor
severaldecadesasanalternativeforlockingofbolted
connections.Palnutlocksby“cutting”itselfintothe
threadsontheboltwhenitistightened.Intheoffshore
contexttheyarenormallyusedforlockingontopof
standardnuts.
Areas of use:
Onthrough-boltsinfixedequipmentanddrillingequipment.Easytoinstallwheresecondaryretentionarenot
inplace.
LOCk-WiRiNG
Lock-wiringofboltsisalockingmethodadoptedfrom
theaviationindustry.Inbrief,themethodinvolves
threadingaspecialstainlesswirethroughaholeinthe
bolthead,twistedandlockedtothenextboltorstructure,thuspreventingthebolttorotateandloosen.The
wirecanbeusedtolockamaximumofthreeboltsina
row,asshownintheillustration.(Forinfoonthesizeof
theholeinthebolthead,seeISO7378).
Areas of use:
Usedextensivelyforlockingexternalboltedconnectionsondrillingandpipe-handlingequipment.Often
usedwheretherearenothrough-boltsand/orthereis
aneedforeasyvisualcontrolofthelocking.
Dropped Object Management
25
correct use of cotter pins
cotter pin in a shacklebolt
correct installation of cotter pins in bolts
26
Dropped Object Management
Theindustryhasexperiencedproblemswiththecorrect
useofcotterpinsandthechoiceofmaterials.
Best practice
• Cotterpinsmustbebenttopreventthemfrombeing
knockedout
-Wherethereisadangerofpersonnelexposed,the
cotterpinmustbebentasshownintheillustration
• Whenhoistingpersonsandloads,alwaysuseshackleswithtwobarriers.Preferably:nutandcotterpin
• Linchpins,springtypesplitpinsoranyothertypeof
safetypinsthatcanbeknockedoutmustnotbeused
forliftingoperations•
• Cotterpinsshouldbemadeofstainlesssteel
• Forstaticloads,shackleswithtwobarriersarerecommended
• Itisarequirementthatcotterpinsasdescribed
aboveareinspectedregularlyandreplacedwhen
required.
references: norsoK r-003, norsoK r-005 and Din-en-iso 1234
Dropped Object Management
27
securing pins/
safety pins
28
Dropped Object Management
Withintheindustryvarioustypesofinappropriatesecuringpinsareused.Theseareunsafebecausetheycan
easilybeknockedout,forexample;springtypesplitpin.
Best practice
• NB!Securingpinsofthetypeshowninthepictures
must never be usedinliftingappliances
• Securingpinsshallprovidesecondaryretention
• Securingpinsshallbeofthepropersizeandquality
• Securingpinsshallbesecuredbywire(wherethisis
appropriate)topreventdrop
• Itisarequirementthatsecuringpinsasdescribed
aboveareinspectedregularlyandreplacedwhen
required.
Areas of use:
Scaffoldingbolts,securityboltsonremovablerailings,
clawcouplingsandsecuringbracketsongascylinder
racksetc.
references: norsoK r-003 and norsoK r-005
Dropped Object Management
29
securing devices (wires,
chains and couplings)
Whereverpossible,equipmentinstalledatheightshall
haveintegratedsecondaryretention.Ifnotpossible,or
whereequipmentisexposedtotheriskofcollision,the
equipmentmustbeequippedwithsecondaryretention
securelyattachedtothestructure.
30
Dropped Object Management
Best practice
• Securingdevicesmustbedimensionedinaccordancewiththeequipmentsupplier’scalculations.The
qualityofmaterialsusedmustbeconsistentthroughouttheentireassembly
• Onlyacid-proofsecuringwire(AISI316,type7x19
IWRC)shallbeused.Wiresmustbelockedwith
doublepresslocks(forexampleTaluritlocks).The
locksmustbemadeofcopperandtheminimum
distancebetweenthelocksmustbeapproximately
equaltothelengthofafullycrimpedlock
• Allconnectors/snaphooksmustbemadeofacid
proofsteel(AISI316)andbeequippedwithlocks.
Snaphooksattachedtoshacklesshouldhave
eyelets
• Chainmustbemadeofacid-proof(AISI316)or
galvanizedsteel
• Shacklesforusewithsecuringdevicesshouldhave
rotatingboltwithnutandcotterpin,markedwith
“CE”,“WLL”andtraceability,atleastintheformof
batchmarking
• Thechainorsecuringwiremustbeasshortas
possibletominimizethepotentialfallenergy
• Securingdevicesmustbeinstalled,maintained
andinspectedinaccordancewiththeinstructions
providedintheusermanualormaintenance
instructions.
references: sfs recommendation 024/2008 and page 10 and 11 in this
handbook.
Dropped Object Management
31
correct installation of
wire clamps
correct installation of iron grip wire clamps.
32
WireropeØ
Minimumnumber
ofwireclamps
mm
perpiece
3-9
3
10-16
4
17-20
5
21-26
6
27-37
7
Dropped Object Management
Corrosionandincorrectinstallationofwireclampsare
challengesintheindustry.
Best practice
• Wireclampsmustbeofthecorrectnumberandsized
tothedimensionofthewire
• Itisarequirementthatwireclampsareassembled,
inspectedandmaintainedinaccordancewiththe
manufacturer’susermanual/maintenanceinstructions.
Note: Wire clamps of the U-bolt type must not be
used in connection with lifting operations.
reference: norsoK r-003 and norsoK r-005
Dropped Object Management
33
securing of personnel
Documentedtrainingisamandatoryrequirementforall
personnelusingfallarrests.
Fall strap reel
with shock
absorber
34
saLa
trauma
strap
Dropped Object Management
Best practice
• Theestablishedcontrolprocedures,bothbeforeand
afteruse,mustbefollowed
• Nobodyshallworkaloneorunattended,whenusing
fallarrestequipment
• Personalusingfallprotectionequipmentmusthave
documentedtrainingthatincludesrescuemethods.
(Ref.page2)
• Necessaryrescueequipmentmustalwaysbeavailableattheworksite
• Personalprotectiveequipmentagainstfallsmustbe
CEmarked
• Theequipmentmustbecheckedatleastevery12
monthsbyacompetentpersonandshallbemarked
withthedateforthenextinspection
• Abuddycheckofriggingandequipmentmustbe
carriedout
• Choiceofsecuringequipment,shallbedecidedafter
evaluationoftheworksite
• Theanchorpointforsuspensionshallbeabletosupportatleast10kN(seerequirementinNS-EN795)
• Theharnessshouldpreferablybeequippedwitha
safetystrap.(E.g.:SALAtraumastrap,whichallows
youtorestonyourfeetafterafall,inordertoensure
bloodcirculationtothelegs).
references: the norwegian Working environment act, the norwegian
Labour inspectorate’s regulation - including; nos. 500, 523, 524 and 555.
Module o-2.2 training plan for documented safety training; Fall arrest
equipment and basic lifting appliances. oLF guidelines for construction of
scaffolding (no. 105), oLF guidelines for fall arrest and rescue (no. 113)
and sfs recomandation 023/2008
Dropped Object Management
35
Derrick evacuation
equipment
36
Dropped Object Management
Best practice
• Equipmentmustbeprotectedfromwearandharsh
environment
• Equipmentshouldbestoredincabinet/lockerto
protecteditfromUVradiationandweather
• EvacuationblocksmustbeCE-marked
• Theridingbeltorharnessmustbeattachedtothe
evacuationblockortotheguidelinewhereappropriate
• Evacuationblock,guideline,attachmentpoint,
couplingsandshacklesaredefinedasevacuation
equipment/antifallingdevicesandmustbechecked,
certifiedandmarkedaccordingly
• Anchorpointsforsuspensionmustbeabletosupport
atleast10kN
• Theequipmentmustbecheckedatleastevery12
monthsbyacompetentpersonandshallbemarked
withthenextinspectiondate
• Safeaccesstoanduseoftheequipmentmustbe
ensured.
references: norsoK D-001, norwegian Labour inspectorate’s regulations
no. 555, ns en 341 (evacuation Blocks), ns en 362 (connectors) ns en
795 (anchor points) and ns en 813 or 1497 (riding belts)
Dropped Object Management
37
securing of tools at height
(<5kg)
Weaklink
tool belt for
scaffolder
internal securing
loops
38
safety wires and
connectors
securing of tools
Dropped Object Management
Thereisasignificantpotentialofdroppedobjectswhen
usingtoolsatheight.
Best practice
• Useoftoolsatheightmustberisk-assessed
• Wiresandconnectorsmustbeusedbetweenthe
tools,beltorbag
• Swivelswithsetscrewsshouldnotbeused
• Weaklinkshallbeinstalledbetweenthebag/belt
andsafetywire
• Atoolbagwithinternalloopsshouldbeusedwhen
varioustoolsaredeployedatheight
• Wriststrapsmustnotbeusedbecauseofpotential
personalinjury
• Ifanattachmentpointotherthanthebeltorbagis
required,useanappropriatepartofthesurrounding
structure,preferablyabovetheworklevel
• Inlimitedareas,forexamplethederrick,flareboom
andcranes,toolsusedatheightmustbeloggedout
andintoensurethatnothingisleftbehind.
reference: sfs recommendation 024/2008
Dropped Object Management
39
Securing of tools at height
(5-25kg)
40
Dropped Object Management
Methodsforsecuringheavytoolsandhand-held
machineryforuseatheighthavenotbeenadequately
defined.Inviewofthemajorpotentialforserious
damageifsuchtoolsormachineryaredropped,
itisimportanttohaveclearguidelines.
Best practice
• Alluseofheavytoolsandhand-heldmachineryat
heightmustberisk-assessed
• Allheavytoolsandhand-heldmachineryusedat
heightmustbesecuredagainstdropbothwhenin
useandwhilebeingtransported
• Securingdevicesmustbedimensionedinaccordancewithverifiablecalculationsanddocumented
droptests(seethesectiononsecuringdevices)
• Securingpointsfortoolsandmachinerymustbein
placeabovetheworksiteandthesecuringdevice
mustbeastautaspossible
• Inlimitedareas,forexamplethederrick,flareboom
andcranes,toolsusedatheightmustbeloggedout
andintoensurethatnothingisleftbehind.
reference: sfs recommendation 024/2008
Dropped Object Management
41
Securing of other portable
equipment at height
42
Dropped Object Management
Severalofreporteddroppedobjectincidentsarerelated
toradios,pagersandgasdetectors.
Best practice
• Allportableequipmentusedatheightmustbesecuredagainstbeingdropped
• Carryingpouchesmustalwaysbeusedforradios
andanyotherportableequipmentthatdon’thave
certifiedsecuringpoints
-Locksonthepouchesmusthaveadoublesecuring
mechanismtopreventunintentionalopening
• Beltclipswhichallowequipmenttobecomedetached
whenturned180ºshouldnotbeused
• Beltswithsnapfastenersarenotrecommendedfor
securingofequipmentatheight.
reference: sfs recommendation 024/2008
Dropped Object Management
43
tool cabinets for work at height
Toolcabinets/lockersforworkatheighthavenowbeen
installedatmanyfacilities,offshoreinmostcasesnear
thedrillfloor.Unfortunately,anumberofirregularities
havebeenobservedregardingsecuring,controland
registrationoftools..
44
Dropped Object Management
Best practice
• Eachcabinet/lockershallbeequippedwithalistof
contentsandbekeptlocked
• Adesignatedpersonmustberesponsibleforthecabinettoensurethatalltoolstakenfromandreturnedto
thecabinetarelogged
• Thecontentsofthetoolcabinetforworkatheight
anditsaccompanyinglogbookmustbecheckedat
theendofeveryshift
• Alltoolsmustbeadequatelyequippedforsecuringat
heightandmusthavedocumentedattachmentpoints
• Inadditiontothenecessarytools,cabinetsshouldbe
equippedwithasufficientnumberof:
-correctlydimensionedsafetywireswithapproved
swagelocks
-connectors/snaphookswithlocking
-toolbagswithinternalfasteningdevices
-specialbeltsforfasteningoftoolsandbag
-weaklinksforfasteningbetweentheharness/belt
andsafetywire.
reference: sfs recommendation 024/2008
Dropped Object Management
45
securing of permanently
attached equipment
grating
Atpresentthereareanumberofdifferentwaysof
fasteninggratingtounderlyingstructuresorframes.
Asaresultofvibrationsanddefectivelockingof
fastening,thereareincidentsofloosegratingandloose
ormissingfasteningclips.
46
Dropped Object Management
Best practice
• Gratingmustbeadequatelyfixedtounderlying
structurestopreventlooseningduetovibrations
orloads
• Gratingshouldbesecuredagainstmajorsideways
displacementinalldirections
• Through-boltsorthreadedconnectionswithlocknut,
arerecommendedforsecuringtostructure
• Openingsinthegratingmustnotexceed20mm
wherepersonnelmaytraffictheareabelow,and
shouldotherwisenotexceed35mm.
reference: norsoK c-002, norsoK s-002, en-iso 14122-2 and the
norwegian Labour inspection authority’s regulation no. 170 with
guidelines.
Dropped Object Management
47
piping and equipment feedthroughs
Significantshortcominginpipingandequipmentfeedthroughandmissingholecoveringarefoundthroughout
theindustry.
48
Dropped Object Management
Best practice
• Allpipingandequipmentfeedthroughsindecksand
gratingmusthaveatoeboardandmustbecovered
tothegreatestextentpossible
• Canvasoracladdingmaterialcanbeused.Thisis
especiallyimportantinareaswherethereisequipmentrequiringperiodicmaintenance.Doneproperly
andpreferablypermanently,itwillbeanefficient
measureagainstdroppedobjects.
references: norsok D-001, norsoK c-002 and norsoK s-002
Dropped Object Management
49
railings
Majordefectsinrailingshavebeenobservedinthe
industry,andparticularlyincollapsible,movableand
aluminiumrailings.
50
Dropped Object Management
Best practice
• Railingmustbe1100mmhighasaminimumand
haveintegratedtoeboardsthatareatleast100mm
high•Railingmusthaveafunctionaldesignforthe
areaitisintendedtosecure,e.g.wiremeshmustbe
installedasrequired(lockedareas)
• Railingsshallnothavedeformationsorcracksthat
affectsthefunctionalityorstrength
• Itmustalwaysbepossibletoinsertmovablerailings
intothefasteningsandinsertasecuringthrough-bolt
• Thesafetyboltmustbeadequatelylockedusinga
securingpin,snaphook(witheyelet)oracotterpin
(seealsothesectiononsecuringpins)
• Boththesafetyboltandlockingmustbesecuredin
theimmediatevicinityoftheattachment
• Allconnectionsbetweenelementsintherailingmust
besecuredwiththrough-boltandlocknut
• Useofsetscrewsarenotrecommendedin
permanentrailings
• Railingsandattachmentpointsforcollapsibleand
movablerailingsmustbeinspectedonaregular
basistomaintainadequatesecuringandfunctionality.
reference: en iso 14122-3, norsoK D-001, norsoK c-002,
norsoK s-002 and the norwegian Labour inspection authority’s
regulation no. 170 with guidelines
Dropped Object Management
51
Toe boards
52
Dropped Object Management
Shortageofandincorrectlyinstalledtoeboardsare
observedthroughouttheindustry.Commonlythe
gapbetweenthetoeboardanddeckareexceeding
requirements.
Best practice
• Decks,gangwaysandplatformsmusthavetoe
boardswithaminimumheightof100mm
• Onstairways,everystepmusthaveatoeboardwith
aminimumheightof50mm
• Alllandingsinstairwaysmusthavetoeboardswitha
minimumheightof100mm
• Thegapbetweenthedeckorgratingandtoeboard
mustnotexceed10mm.
references: en-iso 14122-3, norsoK D-001, norsoK s-002,
norsoK c-002 and the norwegian Labour inspection authority’s
regulation no. 170 with guidelines
Dropped Object Management
53
Swing gates
54
Dropped Object Management
Onmanyswinggatesthehingesarefittedwithout
therequiredmaterialqualityordesignstrengthto
servetheintendedfunction.Manyoldergatesalsolack
integratedtoeboards.
Best practice
• Gatesmustbeofthesamestrengthasthe
surroundingrailings
• Gatesmustbesecuredinordertoprevent
disengaging.
• Gatesmustopen/swinginwardstotheplatform
ordeck
• Gatesmustbedesignedtoautomaticallyreturn
toandremaininclosedposition.
• Onfloatingrigs/installationsitisrecommended
tofitalatchtosecuredthegateinclosedposition.
• Toeboardsmustbeintegratedingates
• Whereverpossible,thehingesshouldbeanintegral
partofthegate
• Swinggatesmustbeinspectedandmaintainedon
aregularbasistoensureadequatefunction.
references: norsoK D-001, norsoK c-002, norsoK s-002 and
en-iso 14122-3
Dropped Object Management
55
Ladders
Damagedladdersandsafetycageshavebeen
observedintheindustry.Crackshavebeenfoundin
bothladdersandcages,especiallyinderricksandare
asarulecausedbycollisionwithmovingequipment/
objects.
56
Dropped Object Management
Best practice
• Laddershigherthan9mmusthaveincorporateda
restplatformevery6thmorbeequippedwithafixed
fallarrestdevice(ref.NORSOK)
• Laddershigherthan6mshouldhavearestplatform,
incompliancewithTheNorwegianLabourInspection
Authority’srecommendations
• Safetycagesmustbeinstalledonladdersofmore
than3mandonshorterladderswherethereisarisk
offallingtoalowerlevel
• Thesafetycagemuststartatamaximumof2.2m
abovethedeck/floor.Minimizethedistancebetween
theupperpartoftherailingandthelowerpartofthe
cage,byusingextraprotectionasappropriatewhere
thereisariskoffallingtoalowerlevel
• Thesafetycagemustextendtoatleast1.1mabove
thetoplevel
• Thediameterofthesafetycagemustbeatleast
70-80cm
• Alldamageanddeformationmustbereportedand
correctedassoonaspossible
• Laddersandsafetycagesmustbeinspectedona
regularbasistouncovercracksordamage.
reference: norsoK D-001, norsoK s-002, en-iso 14122-1,
en-iso 14122-4 and the norwegian Labour inspection authority’s
regulation no. 170 with guidelines
Dropped Object Management
57
Floodlights
58
Dropped Object Management
Floodlightsarerarelyadequatelysecuredagainstdrop
causedbyhitsfrommovingequipment.
Best practice
• Floodlightsmustbepositionedtopreventbeinghitby
equipment/loads
• Ifthereisapotentialofthefloodlightsbeinghitby
mobileequipment/loads,theymusteitherbeprotectedwithreinforcedcagesorbefittedwithsafetywires
• Floodlightsmustbeequippedwithtwoindependent
barriers.Theattachmentpointsshouldbeintegrated,
forexamplewitheyeboltsthreadedintothefloodlight
housing
• Calculationsmustbeavailableforattachmentpoints
andsecuringdevicesrelatedtotherelevantfallenergies
• Fasteningdevicesforsecuringofequipmentto
bracketorstructureshouldbefittedwithsecondary
retention
• Hatchesforreplacementoflightbulbsmustbe
hingedorsecuredwithwiretothefloodlighthousing/
frame
• Fornewinstallationsorforinstallingsecuringdevices
onexistingequipment,ausermanual/maintenance
instructionsshouldbeavailable.Theinstructions
shouldalsocoversecuringdevices.
references: norsoK D-001, norsoK s-002 and sfs recommendation
024/2008
Dropped Object Management
59
Lighting fixtures
60
Dropped Object Management
Therehavebeenseveralseriousincidentswhereboth
thecoverandthecasinghavedropped.
Best practice
• Lightingfixturesmustbepositionedtopreventbeing
hitbymobileequipment/loads
• Lightingfixturesandbracketsshouldbefittedwith
secondaryretention
• Safetywiresattachmentpointsshouldbeintegrated
inbothendsofthefixture
• Batterypacksmustbefittedwithsecondaryretention
• Theearthingwireshouldbeattachedinternallyto
functionasasecondaryretention
• Abovewalkwaysandothertraffickedareasfixtures
withpowercableinfromonesideonly,requiresthat
theoppositeendissecuredwithasafetywire
• Thecovershouldhavehingesthatcanbefittedon
eitherside
• Thecomponentrailshouldbehingedandmustallow
foradequatesecuringintheclosedposition
• Strengthofattachmentpointsandsecuringdevices,
relatedtotherelevantfallenergiesmustbeevaluated
• Fornewinstallationsorwheninstallingsecuring
devicesonexistingfixtures,usermanuals/maintenanceinstructionsshouldbeavailable.
Theinstructionsmustalsocoversecuringdevices.
references: norsoK D-001, norsoK s-002 and sfs recommendation
024/2008
Dropped Object Management
61
Navigation lights
62
Dropped Object Management
Best practice
• Theboltsusedtoattachnavigationlightstobrackets
andstructuresshouldbeequippedwithsecondary
retention
• Attachmentbracketsmusthaveholesforattachment
ofsafetywires
• Coverforelectricalconnectionsmustbehingedor
securedwithwire
• Strengthofattachmentpointsandsecuringdevices,
relatedtotherelevantfallenergimustbeeva-luated
• Navigationlightswithslidinggroovesforboltattachmenttothestructure,arenotrecommended
• Fornewinstallationsorwheninstallingsecuring
devicesonexistingequipment,ausermanual/maintenanceinstructionsshouldbeavailable.
Theinstructionsmustalsocoversecuringdevices.
references: norsoK D-001 and sfs recommendation 024/2008
Dropped Object Management
63
CCTV camera
64
Dropped Object Management
Withintheindustry,itisidentifiedthatCCTVcameras
havebeeninadequatelysecured.
Best practice (integrated solution)
• CCTVcameralocationmustbeevaluatedtoprevent
riskofbeinghitbymovingequipment/loads
• Inareaswherethereiscraneactivity,cameras
shouldbeshieldedbyprotectivecages
• Thecameracasingmustbefastenedtothebracket
andstructurewithadequatelockingofattachment
bolts
• Theattachmentpointforsecuringdevicesshould
formanintegratedpartofthecameracasingand
bracket
• Strengthofattachmentpointsandsecuringdevices,
relatedtotherelevantfallenergiesmustbeevaluated
• Fornewinstallationorwheninstallingsecuring
devicesonexistingequipment,ausermanual/
maintenanceinstructionsshouldbeavailable.
Theinstructionsshouldalsocoversecuringdevices.
references: norsoK D-001, norsoK s-002 and sfs recommendation
024/2008
Dropped Object Management
65
66
Dropped Object Management
Best practice (non-integrated solution)
• CCTVcameralocationmustbeevaluatedtoprevent
riskofbeinghitbymovingequipment/loads
• Wherethereisdangerofthecamerabeingstruckby
mobileequipment/loads,itmusteitherbeprotected
byareinforcedcageorbefittedwithsafetywireto
structure
• Thecamerashouldbefittedwithtwoindependent
barriersonthecameracasing,themotorizedpan-tilt
zoomunit,thewipermotorandthelenscover
• Thecameracasingandmotorizedpan-tilt-zoomunit
shouldbeattachedtothebracketandstructurewith
adequatelylockedattachmentbolts
• Theattachmentpointforthesecuringdevicesshould
beintegratedintothecameraparts.Alternatively
specialclampscanbeusedasattachmentpoints
• Calculationsmustbeavailableforattachmentpoints
andsecuringdevices,relatedtotherelevantfall
energies
• Fornewinstallationsorwheninstallingsecuring
devicesonexistingequipment,ausermanual/
maintenanceinstructionsshouldbeavailable.
Theinstructionsshouldalsocoversecuringdevices.
references: norsoK D-001, norsoK s-002 and sfs recommendation
024/2008
Dropped Object Management
67
Crane boom camera
68
Dropped Object Management
Withintheindustrytherehavebeenseveralincidents
whereacranecamerahasbeenstruckduringlifting
operations.
Best practice
• Craneboomcamerasmusthavetwoindependent
barriers
• Boltsusedforattachingthecraneboomcamerato
bracketsandstructuresshouldbefittedwithsecondaryretention
• Attachmentpointsforthesafetywireshouldbe
integratedaspartofthecameracasing.Alternatively,
specialclampscanbefittedroundthecameracasing
• Thesafetywiremustrunfromthecameracasing
throughthecamerabracketandthenthroughthe
attachmentbracketbeforebeingattachedsecurelyto
thestructureofthecraneboom
• Calculationsmustbeavailableforattachmentpoints
andsecuringdevices,relatedtotherelevantfall
energies
• Fornewinstallationsorwheninstallingsecuring
devicesonexistingequipment,ausermanual/
maintenanceinstructionsshouldbeavailable.
Theinstructionsshouldalsocoversecuringdevices.
reference: sfs recommendation 024/2008
Dropped Object Management
69
Loudspeakers
70
Dropped Object Management
Best practice
• Loudspeakerslocationmustbeevaluatedtoprevent
riskofbeinghitbymovingequipment/loads
• Ifthereisariskofbeinghitbymobileequipment
/loads,loudspeakersmusteitherbeprotectedby
reinforcedbracesorequippedwithasafetywire
• Boltsusedtofastenloudspeakerstobracketsand
thestructureshouldbefittedwithsecondaryretention,asanalternativeasafetywirecanbeattached
betweenbracketandstructure
• Strengthofattachmentpointsandsecuringdevices,
relatedtotherelevantfallenergimustbeeva-luated
• Fornewinstallationsorwheninstallingsecuring
devicesonexistingequipment,ausermanual/
maintenanceinstructionsmustbeavailable.
Theinstructionsshouldalsocoversecuringdevices.
references: norsoK D-001, norsoK s-002 and sfs recommendation
024/2008
Dropped Object Management
71
Junction boxes and cabinets
installed at hight
72
Dropped Object Management
Withintheindustryitisrevealedincorrectpositioning
ofjunctionboxesandcabinets,defectivesuspension
/fasteningandinadequatesecuringofhatches,doors
andcovers.
Best practice
• Junctionboxesandcabinetsmustbelocatedwhere
theydonotobstructpassageways,evacuationroutes
ormovingequipment
• Thetypeanddesignofattachmentandsafety
devicesmustbeinaccordancewithcalculatedloads
andknownpotentialexternalstressfactors
• Fasteningdevisesforsecuringofequipmentto
bracketorstructureshallbefittedwithsecondary
retention
• Wherethereisdangeroftheequipmentbeingstruck
bymovingequipment/loads,itmustbeprotectedbya
reinforcedcageorbefittedwithasafetywire
• Coversmustbesecuredbyfastenersthataresecuredandlockedtopreventloosening,andmustbe
securedwithwireorchain
• Hingedhatches/doorsshouldbesecuredagainst
unintendedunhookingandlockingdevicesshould
befittedwithbarrieragainstopening
• Asaminimum,themanufacturer’sinstructionsfor
installationandmaintenance(usermanual)must
becompliedwith.
references: norsoK D-001, norsoK s-002 and sfs recommendation
024/2008
Dropped Object Management
73
Cable trays and cable ladders
74
Dropped Object Management
Best practice
• Onlyapprovedboltconnectionsshallbeusedfor
fasteningandcouplings
• Cablefixingclampswithscrewconnectionsareused
forsafeandfunctionalsecuringofinstrumentcables
• Whenattachingthecablesupportsystemtoastructure,theriskofgalvaniccorrosionmustbeassessed
andinsulationconsideredwhereappropriate
• Theusermanual/instructionsforusemustalso
provideguidelinesforcorrectinstallation,bothinthe
jointsandtheattachment
• Inaddition,theusermanual/instructionsforuse
mustprovideguidelinesfornecessarymaintenance/
retighteningandinspectionofbothelectro-steeland
boltandscrewconnections.
references: norsoK s-002, sfs recommendation 001/2001 and sfs
recommendation 024/2008
Dropped Object Management
75
Wind walls
76
Dropped Object Management
Withintheindustrymanydamagedandlooseplates
havebeenrevealedinwindwalls.Thisisduebothto
faultyinstallationandtoexternalfactors(collisionswith
mobileequipmentandharshenvironment).
Best practice
• Wind-wallpanelsmustbefastenedtoaseparate
support/structureandnevertothemainstructure
• Wind-wallpanelsmustalwaysbereinforcedusing
horizontalsteelbeamsinaccordancewiththedesign
loads
• Areasthatareexposedtocollisionriskmusthave
strongercornermountingssecuredbythrough-bolts
andlocknuts
• Thepreferredattachmentsolutionisthrough-bolts
withwashersandlocknuts
• Theusermanual/instructionsmustalsoprovide
guidelinesforcorrectinstallationofbothjointsand
attachmentpoints
• Guidelinesmustbeavailableonessentialmaintenanceandinspectionofwind-wallpanelsandtheir
attachmentpoints.
reference: norsoK c-002
Dropped Object Management
77
Signs
78
Dropped Object Management
Signinstallationmethodshaveinmanycasesbeen
foundinadequate.
Best practice
• TherequirementsoftheNorwegianLabourInspectionAuthorityinrespecttopostingofsignsmustbe
followed
• Signs,bracketsandframesforsignsmustalwaysbe
securelyattachedandtheframesshouldbeofmetal
• Wheretheunderlyingmaterialpermits,signframes
shouldbeattachedusingthrough-boltswithlocknuts
• Fastenersusedforattachmenttobracketsandstructuresshouldbefittedwithsecondaryretention
• Identificationtagsthatarepaintedorgluedare
recommendedforidentificationofpipingsystems.On
hotsurfaces,identificationtagsshouldbeattached
withplastic-coatedsteelbands.
references: norsoK D-001 and the norwegian Labour inspection
authority’s regulation no. 526 -chapter 3 - §§ 10 and 11.
Dropped Object Management
79
Valve handles and valve wheels
installed at height
80
Dropped Object Management
Manycaseshaveoccurredwherevalvewheelsand
valvehandlesformanualvalvesarenotadequately
secured.
Best practice
• Valvewheelsandhandlesmustbefittedwithsecondaryretention
• Wherepossible,nutsandcotterpinsshouldbeused
inthevalvestemonstationaryvalvehandlesand
wheels(NordlockandNylocnutscanalsobeused
whereappropriate)
-Onlargehandlesandwheels,boltsandlocknuts
shouldbeusedinsteadofcotterpins
• Whenmobilehandlesorwheelsareused,they
shouldbesecured
-Whennotinuse,handlesandwheelsshouldbe
storedinasuitableandsafelocation
• IfSeegerringsareusedforlocking/securing,
frequentinspections/maintenanceshouldbecarried
outtocheckforcorrosionand/ormechanicaldamage
• Onwheelsthataresecuredbyasetscrewonly,
replacethesetscrewwithathrough-boltandlocknut
• Safetywirewithalockablesnaphookmaybean
alternativeifthesecuringmethodsmentionedabove
cannotbeused.
references: sfs recommendations 001/2001 and
sfs recommendations 024/2008
Dropped Object Management
81
Locks on insulation cladding
82
Dropped Object Management
Therehavebeenmanyinstanceswithintheindustry
wherepiecesofinsulationcladdinghavedroppedfrom
heightsduetovibrations,corrosionorstrongwinds.
Best practice
• Insulationcladdingmustbesecurelyfastenedto
preventlocksfromlooseningunintentionally
• Thelocksshouldbesecuredwithsecondaryretention,eitherbyusingaboltandlocknutorbyinserting
astainlesscotterpinthroughthesecuringholesin
thelocksorsimilar.
• Maintenanceroutinesmustincludeinspectionofthe
claddingtoensurethatitisingoodcondition.
reference: sfs recommendation 024/2008
Dropped Object Management
83
temporary / permanent storage of
gas cylinders
storage rack with bolted cylinder brackets
temporary storage, secured with chain
84
Dropped Object Management
Gascylinderstemporarilystoredareoften
poorlysecuredwithropeorcargostraps.
Best practice
• Storingofgascylindersmustnotobstructpassage
• Gascylindersmustbestoredandsecuredsafely
• Storingofgascylindersmustberiskassessed
• Temporarilystoredgascylindersmustbesecured
withachain
• Permanentstorageracksmustbeequippedwith
securingbrackets/chains.
references: norsoK s-001 and norsoK s-002
Dropped Object Management
85
snatch blocks
nord lock
a set-screw is installed
through the nut and into
the stem
a set-screw is installed
through the nut and
into the bearing bolt
86
Dropped Object Management
Best practice
• Blocksmusthavetwobarriersbothinthesuspensionandtheshaft
• Amaintenanceprogrammustbeestablishedin
accordancewiththeusermanual,includingrequirementforinspectioneverytwelvemonthsofblocks,
shacklesandliftinglugsbyacompetentperson
-Blocksmustbedismantledattherequestofthe
competentpersonorinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’srecommendationsor,inanycase,atleast
everyfifthyear
• Snatchblocksandsuspensionshacklesshouldpreferablybemarkedwithcolouredtiewrapsusingthe
designatedcolourcodeoftheyear.
Acompetencematrixmustbedrawnupinaccordance
withNORSOKforpersonnelwhomaintainandoperate
snatchblocks.
references: norsoK r-003, norsoK r-005 and sfs recommendation
014/2004 (snatch blocks).
Dropped Object Management
87
Umbilical roller sheaves
(Banana sheaves)
88
Dropped Object Management
Asaresultofinadequatesecuringofrollersin
umbilicalrollersheaves,therehavebeenseveral
seriousincidents.
Best practice
• Anumbilicalrollersheavemusthavemaintenance
programandbesubjectedtotestingandinspection
everytwelvemonthsinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’sinstructions
• Rollersmustbesecuredwithtwoindependentbarriers,forexample,through-boltswithlocknutsor
cotterpins
• Anumbilicalrollersheavemustbeusedexclusively
forthepurposeforwhichitwasdelivered,i.e.itisnot
permittedtouseitforsuspendingwires
• Theumbilicalmustbeinstalledondeckandthesupportrollersreinstalledandsecured
• Ausermanual/maintenanceinstructionsforthe
equipmentmustbeavailableTheinstructionsmust
coverinstallation,inspectionandmaintenance.
Instructionmustalsoincludesecuringdevices
• Sheavesandsuspensiondevicesshouldpreferably
bemarkedwithcolouredtiewrapsusingthedesignatedcolourcodeoftheyear.
references: norsoK r-003 and sfs recommendation 024/2008
Dropped Object Management
89
Loop hoses
Faultyinstallationorinadequatemaintenanceofloop
hoses,andespeciallyhigh-pressurehoses,isapotential
safetyrisk.
90
Dropped Object Management
Best practice
• Theequipmentmanufacturer’sinstructionsforinstallationandtechnicaldescriptionmustbefollowed
• Clampsmustbeattachedandsecurelyfastened
wherethehoseismarkedwith;“Attachsafetyclamp
here”
• Safetychainsmustbeasshortaspossible-and
installedasclosetotheverticalaspossible,
topreventfallenergyandpendulumeffect
• Securingdevicesforhosesmustbedesignedtosupportthemaximumloadsgeneratedbyabursthose.
Thedesignbasismustbedocumented
• Therequiredresistancetowearandtear,chemicals,
heatandUVradiationmustalsobedocumented
• Thesecuringsystemforhosesmustbecertifiedand
traceable
• Thesecuringdevicesmustbecheckedandmarked
inaccordancewiththenormforliftingappliances
• Inadditiontocorrectinstructionsforinstallation,
theusermanual/maintenanceinstructionsshould
containguidelinesfornecessarymaintenanceand
inspectionofthehosesecuringsystem.
Dropped Object Management
91
Load carrier Units (LcU)
Severalseriousincidentsrelatedtotheuse-
anddispatchofloadcarriershavebeenrevealed.
Forklift pockets and
roof
Forklift pockets, frame,
tank and tank top
Forklift pockets and
frame
92
Dropped Object Management
Best practice
• Chainslingsmusthavethenecessarycertification,be
intactandwithouttwists.Shacklesmustbeequipped
withnutsandcotterpins
• LCU`smusthavethenecessaryidentificationand
certifiedliftinglugs
• Liftinglugs,doors,hingesandlocksmustnotbe
deformedordamaged
• Permittedloadsincontainersandbasketsmustbe
welldistributedandadequatelysecuredbystamping,
useoflashingandnets(baskets).Lashingmustnot
comeincontactwithsharpedges.Paddingshould
beusedwhereappropriate.Heavyobjectsmustbe
placedatthebottom
• OnLCU`swithattachedequipmentsuchaspumps,
tanks,winchesetc.,checkandensurethatno
equipmentprotrudesfromtheframe
• Tanksmusthavesecuredandsealedmanholes/
valves.Allattachedequipment(grids,covers,plates
etc.)mustbeadequatelysecured.Thepermittedload
mustnotbeexceeded
-Itmustbeensuredthattherearenolooseobjectsin
theforkliftpocketsorontopoftheLCU`sorinloads
-Checkofequipmentmustbedocumentedbya
signaturebeforetransporttoorfromalocation.
references: DnV 2.7.1, ns-en 12079, norsoK r-003, norsoK r-005,
sfs recommendation 024/2008 and oLF guideline no. 116
Dropped Object Management
93
correct use of shackles
Load direction on a shackle
safe use of shackles.
Limitations.
Load on shackle bolt
illustration for shackles >
WLL 8.5 t.
on small shackles, the load
must be distributed across
the whole bolt.
example: if a load of WLL
10.5 t is distributed across
only 40 per cent of the
shackle bolt’s length,
WLL is reduced to
10.5 x 0.8 = 8.4 t.
WLL x factor = Lifting capacity
94
Dropped Object Management
Best practice
• Shacklesmustbecertified,CE-markedandapproved,
i.e.bemarkedwiththedesignatedcolourcodeofthe
year(preferablybyusingcolouredtiewraps).
• Shacklesmustbeequippedwithtwobarriers:nutand
cotterpin
• Shacklesmustonlybeusedfortheirintendedpurposeandmanner
• Theusermustbefamiliarwiththeapplicablelimitationsandguidelinesforuse
• Shacklesaredesignedtosupporttheloadatthebottomofthehollowtorusandevenlyacrosstheshackle
bolt•Ifshacklesareexposedtoloadsinotherplaces,
thismustbetakenintoaccountduringuseasitwill
reducecapacity
• Pointloadsontheshackleboltshouldbekepttoa
minimumasitwillreducecapacity
• Onshackleswithacapacityofmorethan8.5t,or
havelargeopenings,thereductionfactorshownatthe
bottomofthefiguremaybeusedtopreventdeformationoftheshacklebolt.
references: norsoK r-cr-002, norsoK r-003, and norsoK r-005
Dropped Object Management
95
correct use of eye bolts /eye nuts
Before use of grade 80 eye bolts, see designated lifting table
45°
45°
stated
WLL
right
Wrong
Figure showing correctly and incorrectly
installed eye bolts. note: only grade 80
(or better) eye bolts shall be used offshore.
96
Dropped Object Management
Best practice
• Eyebolts/eyenutsmustbecertified,CE-markedand
approved,i.e.bemarkedwiththedesignatedcolour
codeoftheyear(preferablybyusingcolouredtie
wraps)
• Eyebolts/nutsmustonlybeusedfortheirintended
purposeandmanner
• Theusermustbefamiliarwiththeapplicablelimitationsandguidelinesforuse
• Eyebolts/nutsforuseoffshoreshallbeatleast
grade80Eyebolts/nutsforuseonshoreshouldbe
atleastgrade80
• Grade80eyebolts/nutsarelabelledwiththepermittedloadintheleastadvantageousdirection,i.e.90
degreesonthefasteningbolt
• Eyebolts/nutsmustbeadequatelytightenedprior
touse
• Manufacturerinstalledeyebolts/nutsarenormally
appropriateforuseduringinstallation/removalofthe
unitstheyareinstalledon,e.g.gearboxes,pumps,
motorsandvalves
• Eyebolts/nutsmustberemovedafteruse,andthe
threadsintheequipmentonwhichtheyhavebeen
usedmustbepreservedbyforexample;greaseand
aplasticplug.
references: norsoK r-cr-002, norsoK s-002, norsoK r-003 and
norsoK r-005
Dropped Object Management
97
Racks and storage
98
Dropped Object Management
Thedesignofracksforstorageofmaterialand
equipmentisoftennotappropriatetoensuresafe
storage.
Best practice
• Ensurethattemporarystorageinmodulesispermittedinacontrolledmannerwithrespecttotype
ofgoods,duration,storageareaandhousekeeping
• Storagemustnotobstructaccessibilityorevacuation
ofthemodule
• Ensurethatthestoredmaterialsdonotobstruct
accesstoemergencyequipment
• Storageracksandstorageareasmustbedesigned
toensurethatequipmentcannotaccidentallydropto
lowerlevels
• Theheaviestequipmentshouldbestoredlowest
• Onmobileunits,temporarystoragespace/racks
mustbeseafastenedandshelvesshallbeequipped
withbaffleplates.
references: norsoK s-001 and norsoK s-002
Dropped Object Management
99
Unnecessary equipment
at height
100
Dropped Object Management
Obsoleteequipmentisoftenfoundatheight.
Thisequipmentisoftenexcludedfromestablished
inspectionandmaintenanceprocedures,and
introducesaconsiderableriskpotential.
Best practice
• Itismandatoryonregularbasistoevaluatewhat
equipmentisrequiredorshouldberemoved.
• Theassessmentshouldestablishwhetherequipment
shouldberelocatedtoreducetheriskofcollisionwith
mobileequipment
• Inspectionandmaintenanceproceduresshouldbe
revisedregularly,toensureinspectionandmaintenanceofallequipmentinstalledatheight.
Finalchecksmustbecarriedoutconsistentlytoensure
thatnoequipment/materialsareforgottenatheight.
references: sfs recommendation 01/2001 and sfs recommendation
024/2008
Dropped Object Management
101
Securing of parts,
equipment and material
during work at height
102
Dropped Object Management
Thepotentialfordroppedobjectsduringrepairand
installationworkatheightissevereandisreflected
inasignificantproportionofreportedincidents.
Best practice
• Allrepairandmaintenanceworkatheightmustbe
riskassessed
• Allparts,equipmentandmaterialusedatheightmust
besecuredagainstdrop
• Smallpartsmustbestoredinsuitablestorage
containersorsimilar
• Inlimitedareas,forexamplethederrick,flareboom
andcranes,toolsusedatheightmustbeloggedout
andintoensurethatnothingisleftbehind.
• Whentheworkiscomplete,afinalcheckmustbe
carriedout,toensurethatnomaterialorequipment
havebeenleftatheight.
reference: sfs recommendation 024/2008
Dropped Object Management
103
post inspection/final
check of the work site
104
Dropped Object Management
Alwayskeepyourworksitetidy.
Best practice
• Tools,equipmentandmaterialmustbesecured
inasafelocation,attheendofeachshift
• Whentheworkisfinished,afinalcheckand
inventorycountmustbecarriedouttoensurethat
notools,equipmentormaterialisnotleftbehindat
height
• Theworksitemustbeleftinatidyandcleanstate,
andalltools,equipmentandmaterialmustbe
returnedtotheirdesignatedstorageplace.
reference: sfs recommendation 024/2008
Dropped Object Management
105
observation technique
InordertoidentifyPotentiallyDroppedObjects(DO),it
isimportanttobetrainedinDOobservationtechniques,
suchasDROPSorsimilar.
Thetrainingmustincludemethodsforreliablesecuring
ofequipment.
Best practice
inspection:
• Ampletime
• Limitsizeofthearea
• Concentrateonasmallnumberofcategories
andinspectinastructuredwaytomaintainan
overview
• Limitnumberofpersonnelineacharea,
tokeepanoverview
• Findingsnotinconformitywiththeestablished
standardorchecklistarephotographed,given
anaccuratedescriptionandsitereference
• Inspection,identificationandcategorizationof
findingsarethefirststepsinminimizingthe
potentialfordroppedobjects
• Follow-upandcorrectionoffindingsaredecisive
factorsinpreventingdroppedobjects
reference: sfs recommendation 024/2008
106
Dropped Object Management
Ifyouhavequestionsorcommentsonthe
contentsofthishandbook,pleasecontact:
[email protected]@psk.no
Neverletyour tools
COS_080363.February2009
offtheleash!
www.samarbeidforsikkerhet.no