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Download moteiv Telos Datasheet
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Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) Telos Ultra low power IEEE 802.15.4 compliant wireless sensor module Revision A : Humidity, Light, and Temperature sensors with USB Product Description Telos is an ultra low power wireless module for use in sensor networks, monitoring applications, and rapid application prototyping. Telos leverages industry standards like USB and IEEE 802.15.4 to interoperate seamlessly with other devices. By using industry standards, integrating humidity, temperature, and light sensors, and providing flexible interconnection with peripherals, Telos enables a wide range of mesh network applications. With TinyOS support out-of-the-box, Telos leverages emerging wireless protocols and the open source software movement. Telos is part of a line of modules featuring on-board sensors to increase robustness while decreasing cost and package size. Key Features • • • • • • • • • • • 250kbps 2.4GHz IEEE 802.15.4 Chipcon Wireless Transceiver Interoperability with other IEEE 802.15.4 devices 8MHz Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller (2k RAM, 60k ROM) Integrated onboard antenna with 50m range indoors / 125m range outdoors Integrated Humidity, Temperature, and Light sensors Ultra low current consumption Fast wakeup from sleep (<6µs) Hardware link-layer encryption and authentication Programming and data collection via USB 12-pin expansion support and optional SMA antenna connector TinyOS support : mesh networking and communication implementation Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 1 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) Table of Contents Module Description .......................................................................................................................3 Power ....................................................................................................................................4 Typical Operating Conditions ................................................................................................4 Block Diagram.......................................................................................................................5 Schematic .....................................................................................................................................6 Microprocessor .............................................................................................................................8 Description ............................................................................................................................8 Typical Operating Conditions ................................................................................................8 PC Communication ...............................................................................................................8 Programming.........................................................................................................................9 Block Diagram.....................................................................................................................11 Radio...........................................................................................................................................12 Description ..........................................................................................................................12 Typical Operating Conditions ..............................................................................................13 Measured Output Power .....................................................................................................13 Antenna.......................................................................................................................................14 Internal Antenna..................................................................................................................14 Internal Antenna without Battery Pack ................................................................................15 Internal Antenna with Battery Pack .....................................................................................15 Radiation Pattern ................................................................................................................16 SMA Connector...................................................................................................................17 Sensors.......................................................................................................................................18 Humidity/Temperature Sensor ............................................................................................18 Light Sensors ......................................................................................................................19 Expansion Connector..........................................................................................................20 Internal Temperature and Voltage Monitoring.....................................................................21 General Information ....................................................................................................................23 Document History................................................................................................................23 Product Status Definitions...................................................................................................23 Disclaimer ...........................................................................................................................24 Address Information ............................................................................................................25 Headquarters ......................................................................................................................25 Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 2 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) Module Description The Telos module is a low power “mote” with integrated sensors, radio, antenna, microcontroller, and programming capabilities. SMA Antenna Connector (optional) USB Microcontroller CC2420 Radio Buffer isolating USB from microcontroller LEDs USB Receive LED USB Connector Internal Antenna Total Solar Radiation Sensor (optional) 10-pin expansion Humidity connector Temperature Sensor (optional) Photosynthetically Active Radiation Sensor (optional) Atmel Data Flash (512kB) ST Data Flash (128kB) (optional) USB Transmit LED Reset Switch 32kHz Crystal USB Flash (2kb) TI MSP430 Microcontroller Figure 1 : Front and Back of the Telos module Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 3 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) Power Telos may be powered by two AA batteries. The module was designed to fit the two AA battery form factor. AA cells may be used in the operating range of 2.1 to 3.6V DC, however the voltage must be at least 2.7V when programming the microcontroller’s flash. Telos may also be used with a 2/3A sized battery. The 2/3A battery holder may be soldered to the positive terminal directly under the USB connector and the negative terminal next to the radio. Part BH2/3A-2-ND from Digikey (www.digikey.com) is proven to work with the Telos module. If the Telos module is plugged into the USB port for programming or communication, it will receive power from the host computer. The mote operating voltage when attached to USB is 3V. If Telos will always be attached to a USB port, no battery pack is necessary. The 10-pin expansion connector (described in the Sensors Section on page 18) can provide power to the module. Any of the battery terminal connections may also provide power to the module. At no point should the input voltage exceed 3.6V—doing so may damage the microcontroller, radio, or other components. Typical Operating Conditions Supply voltage Supply voltage during flash memory programming Operating free air temperature Current Consumption: MCU on, Radio on Current Consumption: MCU on, Radio off Current Consumption: MCU asleep MIN 2.1 2.7 -40 NOM 20.2 420 2.4 MAX 3.6 3.6 85 23 1400 6 UNIT V V o C mA µA µA NOM 1.27 2.58 0.50 MAX 1.29 2.60 0.55 UNIT in in in Mechanical Characteristics Width Length Height (without battery pack) MIN 1.24 2.55 0.49 Caution! ESD sensitive device. Precaution should be used when handling the device in order to prevent permanent damage. Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 4 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) Block Diagram PCB Antenna SMA Coax CC2420 Radio 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 compliant SPI I/O 6 4 Power PAR Sensor ADC[4] TSR Sensor ADC[5] SPI[0] P1[0,3,4] P4[1,5,6] UART[0] 2 I2C[0] 2 ADC[0-3] 4 GPIO 2 TI MSP430 Microcontroller UART[1] Reset P1.1/P2.2 TCK I2C[0] 2 2 RX/TX RTS/DTR USB 2.0 UART/RS232 Functionality 2 SPI[0] 4 Power 2-pin IDC header I/O 10-pin IDC header Humidity Temperature Sensor Atmel Flash 512kB (2.7V) ST Flash 128kB (1.8V) Figure 2 : Functional Block Diagram of the Telos Module, its components, and buses Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 5 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) Schematic 5 4 3 2 1 R1 RESET 100k TMS TDI TDO 55 54 LED2 TCK 56 LED3 RESET 57 SVSOUT ADC0 58 50 ADC1 59 49 ADC2 60 SENSORS HUM_PWR P5.5/SMCLK XT2OUT P5.6/ACLK XT2IN TDO/TDI TDI TMS TCK RST/NMI P6.0/A0 P6.1/A1 P6.2/A2 P4.7/TBCLK 43 Vref+ P4.5/TB6 42 RADIO_RESET XIN MCU P4.5/TB5 41 RADIO_VREF_EN XOUT/TCLK P4.4/TB4 40 FLASH_CS TI_MSP430_F149 FLASH_PWR DVCC + + - VCCin 1 2 3 4 VCCin VCCin 2/3A & AA Power ADC5 1 1 2 2 UART0RX ADC0 3 3 4 4 UART0TX ADC1 5 5 6 6 I2C_SCL 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 P3.6/UTXD1 34 UART1TX P3.5/URXD0 33 UART0RX R16 GIO1 L2 1 2 F Bead 240-1035-1 VCCin DVCC C1 0.1u I2C_SDA DVCC C2 0.1u C ADC3 R14 DVCC GIO0 SW2 0 open 1 C3 10uF RESET 2 EVQ-P2K02Q OPTIONAL ADC4 ADC5 D2 S1087 Photodiode UART1RX D3 S1087 Photodiode R11 100k 1% P3.4/UTXD0 UART1RX R12 100k 1% LEDS 32 FLASH B DVCC U5 RADIO_SI RADIO_SCLK FLASH_PWR FLASH_CS UART0TX P3.3/UCLK0 P3.2/SOMI0 P3.1/SIMO0 36 35 31 30 RADIO_SO UART1RX GIO1 GIO0 HUM_PWR HUM_SCL HUM_SDA R6 100k 1% open P4.0/TB0 P3.7/URXD1 I2C_SCL RADIO_SCLK I2C_SDA RADIO_SI 29 P3.0/STE0 P2.7/TA0 28 27 26 19 18 17 B 25 P1.4/SMCLK 24 P1.3/TA2 16 23 15 RADIO_GIO1 P1.7/TA2 RADIO_GIO0 P1.6/TA1 P1.2/TA1 P1.5/TA0 P1.1/TA0PROG 14 22 P1.0/TACLK 13 P_DVCC P2.6/ADC12CLK P4.1/TB1 RADIO_SFD P2.5/Rosc RADIO_CS 37 P2.4/CA1/TA2 38 P2.3/CA0/TA1 39 P4.2/TB2 P2.2/CAOUT/TA0 PROG P4.3/TB3 Vref-/VeREF- UART1TX 2 2 0 open VeREF+ P_DVCC 1 10pin Header 11 UART1TX 1 ADC2 10 12 HUM_SDA AVCC 8 U0 2 U6 2pin Header U2 7 P2.1/TAINCLK PKT_INT 44 SDA ADC4 P6.7/A7 SVSIN 9 5.1M 45 P5.0/STE1 P2.0/ACLK GND 32kHz R5 P5.1/SIMO1 P6.6/A6 LED1 6 1 C P5.2/SOMI1 P6.5/A5 21 VCCin P6.4/A4 GND SHT11 OPTIONAL U1 1 2 3 4 SI SO SCK GND RESET VCC CS WP OPTIONAL D4 RADIO_SO 8 7 6 5 R7 1 FLASH_PWR LED1 2 Red Clear - 404-1017-1-ND D5 470 R8 1 FLASH_PWR LED2 2 Green Clear - 404-1021-1-ND 330 RADIO_SCLK C6 0.1u U4 2 RADIO_SO E2 6 SCL 7 WC A R9 D6 1 3 RADIO_SI I2C_SCL E1 8 5 46 HUM_SCL ST M24M01S VCC 4 DAC0 48 47 3 LGA8 2uA Q, 2mA on OPTIONAL ADC5 P5.4/MCLK P5.3/UCLK1 POWER SCLK SDA 5 LED3 2 Blue Clear - 404-1028-1-ND 100 I2C_SDA A VSS P6.3/A3 3 SVSOUT P5.7/TBoutH DVcc 2 ADC4 20 2 1 ADC3 AVss DVss AVcc X0 DVCC 1 C5 0.1u 10k VCC 4 52 53 U3 HUMIDITY/ TEMP SENSOR 4 3 D R10 63 64 D 0.1u 62 AVCC C4 61 470 51 TCK R2 Title Telos Size B Date: Rev 1 (c) Copyright 2004: UC Berkeley Sheet Wednesday, April 28, 2004 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 of 1 3 CC24K_DVDD 38 39 37 AVDD_XOSC16 NC CC24K_DVDD 40 41 VREG_EN CC24K_DVDD3 42 VREG_OUT 43 44 45 R_BIAS VREG_IN AVDD_IF1 46 47 TXRX_SWITCH 8 RF_N FIFOP 9 GND CCA 28 10 AVDD_SW SFD 27 11 NC DVDD1.8 26 CC24K_DVDD DVDD3.3 25 CC24K_DVDD3 12 CC2420 NC AVDD_ADC NC DVDD_ADC 18 17 16 AVDD_RF2 AVDD_IF2 15 14 NC B 13 SI 33 SCLK 32 RADIO_SCLK CSn 31 RADIO_CS 30 RADIO_GIO0 29 PKT_INT FIFO C R476 10k RADIO_SO RADIO_SI RADIO_GIO1 RADIO_SFD B DSUB_CORE C81 0.5p +/-0.25p np0 ATEST2 7 2 7.5n 5% ATEST1 RF_P CC24K_DVDD3 R474 10k 24 1 at 2.4GHz GND DSUB_PADS L81 use 50 ohm traces AVDD_RF1 6 RESETn 1 SO 34 CC24K_DVDD 5 DGUARD L61 7.5n 5% 1 5.6p 10% x5r 35 4 21 3 C71 1 36 AVDD_PRE 2 5.6p +/-0.25p np0 CC24K_DVDD3 NC DVDD_RAM 3 2 L62 5.6n 5% 2 AVDD_VCO 20 0.5p +/-0.25p np0 C73 VCO_GAURD U10 2 D C381 22p 5% np0 CC24K_AVDD GND_EX 1 DVCC C8 0.1u 16MHZ - 16pf DGND_GUARD C61 49 C391 22p 5% np0 X1 19 A2 SMA 1 C AVDD_CHP CC24K_AVDD 48 1 2 3 GND GND GND RF GND 5 4 3 2 A1 CC2420_PCB_ANT L3 1 2 F Bead 240-1035-1 C7 isolation 0.1u R473 1m R475 0 R451 43k 1% CC24K_DVDD3 RADIO_VREF_EN XOSC16_Q2 D C64 10uF LowESR < 5ohm XOSC16_Q1 C87 0.1u DGND C86 68p 23 C85 0.1u 22 C84 10n CC24K_AVDD C83 68p CC24K_AVDD CC24K_AVDD C82 68p Document Number CC24K_AVDD CC24K_DVDD RADIO_RESET R472 1m CC24K_DVDD3 A A Title Telos Size B Date: 5 Moteiv Corporation 4 3 Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) 2 CC2420 802.15.4 Wireless Radio Document Number Rev 1 (c) Copyright 2004: UC Berkeley Tuesday, April 13, 2004 Sheet 2 of 3 1 Page 6 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) 5 4 3 2 1 D22 USBDM 7 USBDP 5 4 RSTOUT# RESET# U_VCC USB A 1.5k 27 XTIN 28 32 1 2 31 XTOUT EECS EESK EEDATA TEST C X3 3 R32 1m 2 EECS EESK EEDATA GND 1 6M resonator FT232BM DVCC 13 26 U_VCC 2 Vin D TXDEN TXLED# RXLED# 16 12 11 PWRCTL PWREN# SLEEP# 14 15 10 U_VCC C23 0.1u TXD RXD RTS U_VCC3.3 2 1 100 Green Clear - 404-1021-1-ND 2 1 CS VCC 8 EESK 2 SK NC 7 EEDATA R27 3 DIN 4 DOUT 2.2k 6 RESET RESET 1 1A 1Y 6 DTR 3 2A 2Y 4 P_DVCC TXD 10 9 3OE 3A 3Y 8 UART1RXUART1RX P_DVCC UART1TX 13 12 4OE 4A 4Y 11 RXD DTRn VCC RTSn RTS B R28 U_VCC 7 PR 1 CK Q 5 2 D Q 3 6 CLR preRESET 10k GND 2Y TCK 6 5 TC7W74 4 2OE 2A TCK NC GND U_VCC 93C46 VCC 3 OPTIONAL EECS 2 SN74LVC2G04 Gnd UART1TX 4 5 1Y 1 100 Red Clear - 404-1017-1-ND U24 1OE 1A C D21 R26 U23 GND P_DVCC preRESET 1 2 C25 10u D20 R25 U26 Vcc P_DVCC preTEST C24 0.1u DTR preTEST 5 U29 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 14 B TXD RXD RTS# CTS# DTR# DSR# DCD# RI# U_VCC3.3 DVCC Vout U25 TC55RP33 U_VCC3.3 27 VCCin 8 8 USB+ R24 VCC 1 USBR23 3 C22 0.1u VCCIO 1 27 GND 2 2 LLSD103A R29 100k 17 3 2 3V3OUT VCC 3 6 R22 AGND 4 29 4 3 U20 AVCC U22 30 0.1u C21 33n U_VCC3.3 R20 470 U_AVCC GND C20 1 VCCin 1 U_VCC 2 F Bead 240-1035-1 D 9 1 P_DVCC P_DVCC GND Used for Reading Serial / Programming Connects and Powered via USB L20 P_DVCC A A 7 SN74HC126 Title Telos Size A Date: 5 4 3 Document Number Rev 1 (c) Copyright 2004: UC Berkeley Friday, April 23, 2004 2 Sheet 3 of 3 1 Figure 3 : Schematics for the Telos module (Rev A) Schematic modifications: • P4.3 on the TI MSP430 is tied to DVcc through a board rework. P4.3 should never be set as output and low, otherwise a short is created in the circuit. • On the Atmel flash (part U5), pins 5 and 6 are connected together through a board rework. • ADC3 is not physically connected to U2.10. Instead, GIO0 is connected to R14 and R14 is connected directly to U2.10. Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 7 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) Microprocessor Description The low power operation of the Telos module is due to the ultra low power Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller. This 16-bit RISC processor features extremely low active and sleep current consumption that permits Telos to run for years on a single pair of AA batteries. The MSP430 has an internal digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) that may operate up to 8MHz. The DCO may be turned on from sleep mode in 6µs, however 292ns is typical at room temperature. When the DCO is off, the MSP430 operates off an eternal 32768Hz watch crystal. Although the DCO frequency changes with voltage and temperature, it may be calibrated by using the 32kHz oscillator. In addition to the DCO, the MSP430 has 8 external ADC ports and 8 internal ports. The internal ports may be used to read the internal thermistor or monitor the battery voltage. A variety of peripherals are available including SPI, UART, digital I/O ports, Watchdog timer, and Timers with capture and compare functionality. The features of the MSP430 F149 are presented in detail in the Texas Instruments MSP430x1xx Family User’s Guide available at http://ti.com/msp430. Typical Operating Conditions Supply voltage during program execution Supply voltage during flash memory programming Operating free air temperature Low frequency crystal frequency Active current at Vcc = 3V, 4MHz Sleep current in LPM3 Vcc = 3V, 32.768kHz active Wake up from LPM3 (low power mode) MIN 1.8 2.7 -40 NOM 32.768 420 1.6 MAX 3.6 3.6 85 560 1.9 6 UNIT V V o C kHz µA µA µs PC Communication Telos uses a USB controller from FTDI to communicate with the host computer. In order to communicate with the mote, the FTDI drivers must be installed on the host. FTDI provides drivers for Windows, Linux, BSD, Macintosh, and Windows CE. These drivers are included on the Moteiv CD shipped with your order. Windows users will need the Virtual Com Port (VCP) drivers. They may also be downloaded from FTDI’s website at: http://www.ftdichip.com/ After installing the driver, Telos appears as a COM port in Windows’ device manager (or as a device in /dev in Linux, OSX, and BSD). Multiple Telos motes may be connected to a single computer’s USB ports at the same time. Each mote will receive a different COM port identifier. In the example below, one Telos is connected and assigned COM6 “USB Serial Port”. An application may read from Telos by opening the COM port assigned to the Telos mote. Telos communicates with the host PC through USART1 on the TI MSP430. Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 8 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) Figure 4 : Device Manager showing Telos installed as COM6 The motelist command line utility lists all of the Telos motes currently connected to a computer. This utility optionally lists previously connected motes that the system has cached. Invoke motelist with the -h option for more information. > motelist Reference CommPort Description ---------- ---------- ---------------------------------------M4BR4Z37 COM6 Telos (Rev A 2004-04-27) NOTE: Since Telos uses the USB interface for both programming and communication, spurious signals on the RTS or DTR lines of the COM port may cause the mote to reset. To prevent accidentally resetting the module, ensure that your communications application does not send RTS or DTR signals when opening and closing COM ports. Programming The Telos module is programmed through the onboard USB connector. A modified version of the MSP430 Bootstrap Loader, msp430-bsl, programs the microcontroller’s flash. Telos has a unique hardware circuit that prevents the mote from spuriously resetting. This hardware circuit makes it necessary to have a special sequence sent to the module in order to program it. By invoking msp430-bsl, verify you have the patched BSL by looking for the “telos” keyword. > msp430-bsl MSP430 Bootstrap Loader Version: 1.39-telos-3 Use -h for help Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 9 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) To communicate with Telos, the MSP430 Bootstrap Loader requires a set of options to provide the proper signals to the microcontroller to initiate programming. For convenience, the options have been folded into a single Telos flag: --telos The Telos flag (--telos) simply expands the following options, which are functionally equivalent to using --telos: --invert-test --invert-reset --swap-reset-test --telos-latch To program a Telos module on COM3 (or /dev/ttyUSB2 in Linux) with an application image named app.ihex, invoke the MSP430 Bootstrap loader with the following options. > msp430-bsl --telos -c 2 -r -e -I -p app.ihex MSP430 Bootstrap Loader Version: 1.39-telos-1 Mass Erase... Transmit default password ... Invoking BSL... Transmit default password ... Current bootstrap loader version: 1.10 (Device ID: f149) Adjust SP. Load PC with 0x0C22 ... Transmit default password ... Patch for flash programming required! Load and verify patch ... Program ... 8374 bytes programmed. Reset device ... If you are using TinyOS, it has support for programming Telos. After compiling your application, you may install it with the following command > make telos install.x bsl,n Where x is the 16-bit address assigned to the mote and n is the COM port that Telos is currently using. Note that not including “bsl” or “bsl,n” will program automatically using the bsl to the first Telos mote found on the USB bus. For more information about the options in the MSP430 Bootstrap loader, invoke msp430-bsl with the -h option to display the help information. NOTE: msp430-bsl starts counting from 0, but COM ports in Windows start counting at 1. If Telos is connected to COM3 in Windows, you must program it using “-c 2” or “bsl,2” when invoking msp430-bsl. In Linux, Telos will appear as /dev/ttyUSB2 and may be programmed using “-c 2” or “bsl,2”. Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 10 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) Block Diagram 32kHz Oscillator Flash 12-bit ADC I/O Port 1/2 I/O Port 3/4 I/O Port 5/6 16 I/Os 8 Channels 8 I/Os 16 I/Os <10µs Conv Interrupts ACLK System Clock RAM SMCLK MCLK 16-bit bus CPU 16 bit 16 reg multiply Watchdog Timer 15/16 bit Timer A 3 CC reg Timer B 7 CC reg Comparator A USART0 UART SPI USART1 UART SPI CC2420 Radio Interrupts & SPI PC UART via USB Figure 5 : Block diagram of the TI MSP430 microcontroller and its connection to other peripherals in the Telos module Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 11 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) Radio Description Telos features the Chipcon CC2420 radio for wireless communications. The CC2420 is an IEEE 802.15.4 compliant radio providing the PHY and some MAC functions. With sensitivity exceeding the IEEE 802.15.4 specification and low power operation, the CC2420 provides reliable wireless communication. The CC2420 is highly configurable for many applications with the default radio settings providing IEEE 802.15.4 compliance. Features and usage of the CC2420 is available in Chipcon’s datasheet at http://www.chipcon.com The CC2420 is controlled by the TI MSP430 microcontroller through the SPI port and a series of digital I/O lines and interrupts (see the Schematics on page 6 for more information). The radio may be shut off by the microcontroller for low power duty cycled operation. The CC2420 has programmable output power. Common CC2420 register values and their corresponding current consumption and output power are shown in Figure 6. PA_LEVEL 31 27 23 19 15 11 7 3 Current Consumption [mA] TXCTRL register Output Power [dBm] 0xA0FF 0 17.4 0xA0FB -1 16.5 0xA0F7 -3 15.2 0xA0F3 -5 13.9 0xA0EF -7 12.5 0xA0EB -10 11.2 0xA0E7 -15 9.9 0xA0E3 -25 8.5 Figure 6 : Output power configuration for the CC2420 The CC2420 provides a digital received signal strength indicator (RSSI) that may be read any time. Additionally, on each packet reception, the CC2420 samples the first eight chips, calculates the error rate, and produces a link quality indication (LQI) value with each received packet. A mapping from RSSI to the RF level in dBm is shown in Figure 7. Figure 7 : Received Signal Strength Indicator mapping to RF Power [dBm] Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 12 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) Typical Operating Conditions Supply voltage during radio operation (Vreg on) Operating free air temperature RF frequency range Transmit bit rate Nominal output power Programmable output power range Receiver sensitivity Current consumption: Radio transmitting at 0 dBm Current consumption: Radio receiving Current consumption: Radio on, Oscillator on Current consumption: Idle mode, Oscillator off Current consumption: Power Down mode, Vreg off Voltage regulator current draw MIN 2.1 -40 2400 250 -3 NOM MAX 3.6 85 2483.5 250 0 40 -94 17.4 19.7 365 20 -90 13 1 29 20 UNIT V o C MHz kbps dBm dBm dBm mA mA µΑ µΑ µΑ µΑ Measured Output Power The RF output power of the Telos module from the CC2420 radio is shown in Figure 8. For this test, the Telos module is transmitting at 2.405GHz (IEEE 802.15.4 channel 11) using the OQPSK modulation with DSSS. The CC2420 programmed output power is set to 0 dBm. The measured output power of the entire modulated spectrum is 1.67 dBm. Ref Lvl 0 dBm RBW VBW SWT Unit dBm 100 kHz 100 kHz 5 ms 0 -10 Power (dBm) -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 2400 2401 2402 2403 2404 2405 2406 Frequency (MHz) 2407 Center 2.405 GHz 2408 2409 2410 Span 10 MHz Figure 8 : Measured RF output power over the modulated spectrum from the Telos module Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 13 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) Antenna Telos has two antenna options—and internal antenna built into the module and an external SMA connector for connecting to external antennas. By default, Telos is shipped with the internal antenna enabled. If an application requires an external antenna or a different directional pattern than the internal antenna, an SMA connector may be installed and an antenna may be connected directly to Telos’ SMA female connector. In order to switch between the internal antenna and the SMA connector, the capacitor at C73 must be moved from the two left pads to the two right pads connecting the radio to the SMA connector. This process may be completed quickly with a heat gun and tweezers by sliding the capacitor over to the adjacent pad once the solder begins to melt. To Internal Antenna To SMA Connector Figure 9 : Moving C73 to select between the internal antenna and the SMA connector Internal Antenna Telos’ internal antenna is an Inverted-F microstrip design protruding from the end of the board away from the battery pack. The Inverted-F antenna is a wire monopole where the top section is folded down to be parallel with the ground plane. Although not a perfect omnidirectional pattern, the antenna may attain 50-meter range indoors and upwards of 125-meter range outdoors. Measurements of the internal antenna’s performance with and without a battery pack are show in Figure 10 and Figure 11. Approximate radiation patterns for the Inverted-F antenna as provided by Chipcon AS are shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13. Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 14 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) Internal Antenna without Battery Pack 2004/05/27 Thr CH1 S11 SMITH(R+jX) FS 1.000 MKR 1: 56.303 5:35:28 2004/05/27 Thr CH1 S11 LOG MAG REF 2.5GHz -7.865 Cor 5:35:47 0.000 dB 5.000 dB/ MKR 1: 2.5GHz -20.298 dB Cor 3 3 2 2 1 1 1:2.500 000GHz 2:2.450 000GHz 3:2.400 000GHz 56.303 50.490 22.551 CENTER 2.45GHz -7.865 20.549 16.105 8.093pF 1.334nH 1.068nH [ 10.00 dBm] 1:2.500 000GHz 2:2.450 000GHz 3:2.400 000GHz SPAN 300MHz -20.298 dB -13.616 dB -7.547 dB CENTER 2.45GHz [ 10.00 dBm] SPAN 300MHz Figure 10 : S11 measurements for the internal inverted-F antenna when no battery pack is present Internal Antenna with Battery Pack 2004/05/27 Thr CH1 S11 SMITH(R+jX) FS 1.000 MKR 1: 63.293 5:25:43 2004/05/27 Thr CH1 S11 LOG MAG REF 2.5GHz -39.127 Cor 5:26:11 0.000 dB 5.000 dB/ MKR 1: 2.5GHz -9.334 dB Cor 1 3 2 3 2 1 1:2.500 000GHz 2:2.450 000GHz 3:2.400 000GHz CENTER 2.45GHz 63.479 81.917 35.227 -39.529 23.453 29.003 [ 10.00 dBm] 1.610pF 1.523nH 1.923nH SPAN 300MHz 1:2.500 000GHz 2:2.450 000GHz 3:2.400 000GHz CENTER 2.45GHz -9.334 dB -10.898 dB -8.623 dB [ 10.00 dBm] SPAN 300MHz Figure 11 : S11 measurements for the internal inverted-F antenna with battery pack underneath Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 15 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) Radiation Pattern Figure 12 : Radiated pattern of the Inverted-F antenna with horizontal mounting (from Chipcon AS) Figure 13 : Radiated pattern of the Inverted-F antenna with vertical mounting (from Chipcon AS) Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 16 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) SMA Connector The SMA connector is a surface mount female coax connector for attaching an external antenna. The default Telos configuration does not include the surface mount SMA connector. The connector may be purchased separately from Allied Electronics (http://www.alliedelec.com). The manufacturer’s part number is 142-0711-201 from Johnson Components. The performance of the SMA connector is independent of the presence of the battery pack. The S11 network analyzer measurements for the SMA connector performance are shown in Figure 14. 2004/05/27 Thr CH1 S11 SMITH(R+jX) FS 1.000 MKR 1: 94.938 5:29:21 2004/05/27 Thr CH1 S11 LOG MAG REF 2.5GHz -27.969 Cor 5:28:59 0.000 dB 5.000 dB/ MKR 1: 2.5GHz -9.088 dB Cor 1 3 3 2 2 1 1:2.500 000GHz 2:2.450 000GHz 3:2.400 000GHz CENTER 2.45GHz 94.913 88.310 34.422 -27.954 46.692 40.445 [ 10.00 dBm] 2.277pF 3.033nH 2.682nH SPAN 300MHz 1:2.500 000GHz 2:2.450 000GHz 3:2.400 000GHz CENTER 2.45GHz -9.088 dB -7.835 dB -6.827 dB [ 10.00 dBm] SPAN 300MHz Figure 14 : S11 measurements of the SMA connector (minimal variance with/without battery pack) Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 17 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) Sensors Humidity/Temperature Sensor The optional humidity/temperature sensor is manufactured by Sensirion AG. The SHT11 and SHT15 models may be directly mounted on the Telos module in the U3 component position. The SHT11/SHT15 sensors are calibrated and produce a digital output. The calibration coefficients are stored in the sensor’s onboard EEPROM. The difference between the SHT11 and SHT15 model is that the SHT15 produces higher accuracy readings as shown in Figure 16. The sensor is produced using a CMOS process and is coupled with a 14-bit A/D converter. The low power relative humidity sensor is small in size and may be used for a variety of environmental monitoring applications. More information can be found in the SHT1x datasheet available at http://www.sensirion.com Parameter Humidity Resolution Repeatability Range Temperature Resolution MIN TYP MAX Units 0.5 8 0.03 12 ±0.1 0.03 12 %RH Bit %RH %RH 0 Relative Humidity absolute accuracy ±4 ±2 °C SHT15 ±2 0.01 0.02 14 o Temperature accuracy ±3 °C SHT11 ±3 0.01 0.02 14 ±0.1 ±0.2 o C F bit o Repeatability C o F Range -40 123.8 oC -40 254.9 oF Figure 15 : Sensirion relative humidity and temperature performance specifications %RH ±5 0.04 0.07 12 100 ±3.6 °F SHT11 ±1 °C ±1.8 °F SHT15 ±1 ±0 ±5.4 °F 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 %RH 0 °C 0 °F -40°C -40°F 0°C 32°F 40°C 104°F 80°C 176°F 120°C 248°F Figure 16 : Accuracy of Sensirion relative humidity and temperature sensors (courtesy Sensirion) Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 18 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) Light Sensors A variety of light sensors may be used with Telos. Telos (rev A) has connections for two photodiodes. Moteiv currently uses photodiodes from Hamamatsu Corporation (http://www.hamamatsu.com) If your mote is populated with light photodiodes, the default diodes are the S1087 for sensing photosynthetically active radiation and the S1087-01 for sensing the entire visible spectrum including infrared. The S1337 high precision photodiode may be substituted for the S1087-01. Although these photodiodes from Hamamatsu have been tested with Telos, any photodiode with similar physical dimensions may be used with Telos. (Typ. Ta=25oû C) 0.7 S1087-01 0.5 0.6 PHOTO SENSITIVITY (A/W) PHOTO SENSITIVITY (A/W) 0.6 QE=100 % 0.4 0.3 0.2 (Typ. Ta =25oC) 0.7 S1087 0.5 0.4 0.3 S1337-BQ S1337-BQ 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 190 WAVELENGTH (nm) 400 600 800 1000 WAVELENGTH (nm) Figure 17 : Photo Sensitivity of the Light sensors on Telos (from Hamamatsu) Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 19 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) Expansion Connector Telos has two expansion connectors and a pair of onboard jumpers that may configured so that additional devices (analog sensors, LCD displays, and digital peripherals) may be controlled by the Telos module. On the opposite side of the board from the USB connector is a 10-pin IDC header at position U2. This is the primary connector and provides digital and analog input and output lines. Peripherals may be connected to the 10-pin connector using an IDC header, an IDC ribbon cable, or by designing a printed circuit board that solders directly on to the IDC header providing a robust connection to the module. Analog VCC (AVcc) 1 2 UART Receive (UART0RX) Analog Input 0 (ADC0) 3 4 UART Transmit (UART0TX) Analog Input 1 (ADC1) 5 6 I2C Clock (I2C_SCL) Shared Digital I/O 2 (GIO2) Analog Input 2 (ADC2) Exclusive Digital I/O 1 (GIO1) 7 8 I2C Data (I2C_SDA) Shared Digital I/O 3 (GIO3) Analog Ground (Gnd) 9 10 Exclusive Digital I/O 0 (GIO0) Figure 18 : Functionality of the 10-pin expansion connector (U2). Alternative pin uses are shown in gray. Analog Input 4 (ADC4) 1 2 Analog Input 5 (ADC5) Figure 19 : Functionality of the 2-pin expansion connector (U6). The analog voltage port is intended for use as output and should not be used to power the mote. AVcc is conditioned with an RC-filter and a pi-filter to remove noise in the sourced signal. As a result of the filters, there is a 470 ohm current limiting resistor. Currents larger than 10mA should not be sourced through this connector. If larger currents are required, replace R2 (located on the bottom of the module) with a 0 ohm resistor or an appropriately calculated value to source the required current. If the UART is not used, the UART pins on the microcontroller may be used as general purpose digital I/O pins instead. NOTE: The I2C pins are shared with the radio’s data input pin and the radio clock. Care must be taken by application developers to multiplex operations on the I2C bus and the radio. Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 20 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) If expansion pin 10 (ADC3) is used for digital I/O instead of analog inputs, R14 must be populated with a 0 ohm resistor to enable the pin for digital I/O (GIO0) on the microcontroller. R16 must be populated with a 0 ohm resistor to enable GIO1. R14 and R16 are located on the bottom side of Telos directly next to the microcontroller. NOTE: When R14/R16 is populated (GIO0/GIO1 enabled), ADC3/ADC2 will not provide reliable readings if an application reverts to using the ADC input instead of the digital I/O port input on the microcontroller. R14/R16 should be removed when using ADC3/ADC2 for analog input. The second expansion connector labeled U6 is located directly next to the photodiodes. This connector may only be used if the photodiodes are not installed; otherwise the ADC readings will be unpredictable and tied to the photodiode output. U6 simply exports two additional ADC channels for applications required the full ADC functionality of the Telos module. Internal Temperature and Voltage Monitoring The MSP430 microcontroller has internal temperature and voltage sensors that may be used through the microcontroller’s ADC interface. The voltage port (input 11) on the 12-bit ADC monitors the output from a voltage divider. For Telos motes with serial numbers prior to M4BR6CR6 (serial numbers can be found by running the motelist utility while Telos is connected), there is an external 470 ohm resistor on the input to AVcc. As a result, the voltage port is not an exact voltage divider. The error on the input readings for motes prior to M4BR6CR6 is +/- 8 ADC counts. The schematic and formula to calculate the voltage are shown below. For Telos Rev A motes with serial numbers after M4BR6CR6, there is no 470 ohm resistor prior to AVcc input and ADC port 11 reads exactly 1/2 DVcc. DVcc DVcc R2 470 R R ADC11 ADC11 R R Voltage monitoring for Telos motes prior to serial number M4BR6CR6. Moteiv Corporation Voltage monitoring for Telos motes including and subsequent to serial number M4BR6CR6. Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 21 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) Converting the ADC units to a voltage reading can be done with the following formulas: For motes with serial numbers prior to M4BR6CR6: ADCCounts R + R + 470 × Vref × 4096 R R ≈ 1175Ω DVcc = For motes with serial numbers including and subsequent to M4BR6CR6: DVcc = ADCCounts 2R × Vref × 4096 R The temperature input is internal ADC port 10. It consists of an uncalibrated diode. When using the temperature sensor, the sample period must be greater than 30 µs. The temperature sensor offset error can be large, and may need to be calibrated for most applications. The typical response of the temperature sensor is shown in Figure 20. Volts 1.300 1.200 1.100 1.000 0.900 VTEMP=0.00355(TEMPC)+0.986 0.800 0.700 Cels ius –50 0 50 100 Figure 20 : Typical response of the internal temperature sensor. Results vary and the sensor should be calibrated for most applications. Response curve from Texas Instruments. Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 22 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) General Information Document History Revision Date Notes 1.0 1.01 2004/05/31 2004/06/16 1.02 2004/07/14 1.03 2004/08/14 Initial Release Included information about calculating voltages from the internal ADC voltage port and temperature from the internal temperature port on the MSP430 microcontroller. Fix: Schematic modifications from product assembly rework. Fix: S1337-BQ may be substituted for the S1087-01. Error: ADC3 is not connected to U2.10 as the schematic depicts Updated Address and Phone information Added mechanical characteristics Product Status Definitions Data Sheet Identification Product Status Definition Advance Information Planned or under development Preliminary Engineering samples or first production No Identification Noted Full production Obsolete Not in production This data sheet contains the design specifications for product development. Specifications may change in any manner without notice. This data sheet contains preliminary data, and supplementary data will be published at a later date. Moteiv reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice in order to improve design and supply the best possible product. This data sheet contains the final specifications. Moteiv reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice in order to improve design and supply the best possible product. This data sheet contains specifications on a product that has been discontinued by Moteiv. The data sheet is printed for reference information only. Moteiv no longer supports this product. Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 23 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) Disclaimer Moteiv Corporation believes the information contained herein is correct and accurate at the time of this printing. However, Moteiv Corporation reserves the right to make changes to this product without notice. Moteiv Corporation does not assume any responsibility for the use of the described product; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights, or the rights of others. This product is not designed for use in life support devices or any other system where malfunction can reasonably be expected to result in significant personal injury to the user. This product is not designed for critical systems where failure of the product to perform affects safety or effectiveness. Moteiv Corporation customers using or selling products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Moteiv Corporation for any damages resulting from improper use or sale. As far as possible, major changes of product specifications and functionality, will be stated in product specific errata notes published at the Moteiv website. The latest updates are available from the Moteiv website at www.moteiv.com or by contacting Moteiv directly. Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 24 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) Address Information Web site: E-mail: Technical Support E-mail: Phone Number: Fax Number: http://www.moteiv.com [email protected] [email protected] +1.510.965.1312 +1.510.295.2411 Headquarters Moteiv Corporation 7224 View Ave El Cerrito, CA 94530 Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 25 of 26 Telos Rev A (Low Power Wireless Sensor Module) © 2004 Moteiv Corporation Moteiv Corporation Telos (Rev A) : Datasheet (8/14/2004) Page 26 of 26
