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Index
Sodium bicarbonate
of, 330, 330. See also Frequency;
and hearing, 324–326, 325, 326;
intensity of, 328, 328, 329, 329,
329 act; loudness of, 327, 329, 329;
model for transmitting, 324, 324;
moving through mediums,
323–324, 323 lab; and music, 321
lab, 333–338, 338 lab; pitch of,
330, 330, 331, 331–332; properties
of, 327–332; quality of, 334; sonar,
314, 314, 341, 341, 342 act; speed
of, 323, 324; ultrasound, 341–343,
342, 343; uses of, 339–343, 340,
341, 342, 342 act, 343; using
electromagnets to make, 233, 233
Sound waves, 292–293, 303, 311, 322,
322–323, 324, 325–326, 354, 354
Space, carbon compounds in, 733
Space exploration, of Moon, 78
Space medicine, 84
Space shuttle, 8, 9, 78, 182, 182,
491, 647, 762–763, 763
Space stations, International, 6
Space vehicles, materials for,
762–763, 762 act, 763
Specific heat, 161-163
Spectrum, electromagnetic,
360–365; radio, 367–368, 368
Speed, 39–42, 41; and acceleration,
47, 47, 48; of animals, 41;
average, 42; calculating, 37 lab,
40; calculating time from, 40 act;
changing, 41, 41, 43; constant,
40; equation for, 40; examples of,
41; instantaneous, 42, 42; of
light, 358; of sound, 323, 324; vs.
velocity, 44, 44; of waves,
298–299, 299 act, 358
Speed-time graph, 50
Spinneret, 780
Sports, 69 act, 70
Stability, chemical, 604, 604–606,
605, 606
Standard, 14, 15, 15, 28–29 lab
Standardized Test Practice, 34–35,
64–65, 96–97, 122–123, 154–155,
186–187, 220–221, 252–253,
284–285, 318–319, 350–351,
380–381, 412–413, 472–473,
502–503, 564–565, 598–599,
628–629, 658–659, 692–693,
722–723, 754–755, 784–785
Standard solution, 710
Standing waves, 310, 310
Star(s), elements in, 524, 524;
plasma state of, 480, 480
Starches, 746, 746
States of matter, 474, 474, 476,
476–480. See Liquid(s); Solid(s).
See also Gas(es); gases, 478,
478–479, 479; liquids, 478, 478,
479, 479, 480, 480; plasma, 480,
480; solids, 477, 477, 482
Static electricity, 192–194, 193, 194
Static friction, 71, 71
Steam engine, 13
Steel, 156, 574, 761, 762, 778–779
lab
Step-down transformer, 243, 243,
244
Step-up transformer, 243, 243, 244
Stirring, and dissolving, 668
Stirrup, 325, 325
Strassmann, Fritz, 551
Stratosphere, 491
Stress, and elements, 568
String instruments, 310, 333, 334,
335, 335
Strong acids, 702, 702–703, 703
Strong bases, 703
Strong nuclear force, 537, 537–538,
538, 545 lab
Strontium, 573
Study Guide, 31, 61, 93, 119, 151,
183, 217, 249, 281, 315, 347, 377,
409, 441, 469, 499, 529, 561, 595,
625, 655, 689, 719, 751, 781
Subatomic particles, 507, 507–508,
507 act, 508
Sublimation, 581, 581
Subsonic waves, 330
Substance, 450, 454; pure, 450,
450–452, 451
Substituted hydrocarbons,
732–734, 733, 733
Sucrose, 673, 746, 746
Sugars, 746, 746; solubility of, 672
Sulfide(s), 588, 618
Sulfur, 578, 588
Sulfur dioxide, 648
Sulfuric acid, 697, 697, 702
Sun, distance from Earth, 17; energy
from, 173–174, 255 lab, 271,
271–272, 272, 277 lab, 534; and
nuclear fusion, 270, 553, 553;
orbit of, 92; radiation from, 534
INDEX
Index
Sodium bicarbonate, 672, 708
Sodium carbonate, 672
Sodium chlorate, 673
Sodium chloride, 452, 452, 522,
522, 572, 603, 603, 605, 605, 616,
635, 673, 677, 677, 708, 709
Sodium hydride, 579
Sodium hydroxide, 672, 698, 699,
699
Sodium phosphate, 708
Sodium stearate, 683
Sodium-vapor lights, 396, 396
Solar cell, 271, 271, 272
Solar collector, 174, 174
Solar energy, 173–174, 255 lab, 271,
271–272, 272, 277 lab, 534
Solar heating, 173, 173–174, 174,
174 act
Solar radiation, 534
Solder, 761
Solenoid, 232, 232
Solid(s), 477, 477; amorphous, 482;
crystalline, 698; dissolving, 667,
667; melting point of, 478;
radiation in, 167
Solid solution, 665, 665
Solubility, 671; comparing, 671,
671, 672; of gases, 675; and
pressure, 675; and temperature,
670, 675, 675
Solubility curves, 673
Solute, 665; nonpolar, 681, 681, 682
Solute particles, 678, 678–679, 679
Solution(s), 454, 456, 662–688,
664; of acids, 700, 700; of bases,
700–701, 701; boiling poionts of,
680 lab; concentration of, 672,
672; formation of, 664–670;
identifying, 663 lab; nonliquid,
665, 665; particles in, 676–679;
pH of, 704, 704; saturated, 673,
686–687 lab; solid, 665, 665;
standard, 710; supersaturated,
674; types of, 673–674;
unsaturated, 673
Solution energy, 674, 674
Solvent, 665
Sonar, 314, 314, 341, 341, 342 act
Sound, 320–346; and acoustics, 339,
339; causes of, 322; and Doppler
effect, 331, 331–332, 343;
echolocation, 339, 340; and
energy, 327, 328, 328; frequency
Sun
887