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6.1 A Brief History of TCP/IP
The Internet protocols, which are generally implemented on free, open source software, form the standard upon
which Internet communication is based. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) are the
two most important protocols for network security; we focus mainly on these in this chapter, although we also touch
on several others.
The protocols were developed in the mid-1970s, when the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
was working on a packet-switched network to enable communication between disparate computer systems at remote
research institutions. TCP/IP was later integrated with Unix, and it has since grown into one of the fundamental
communication standards of the Internet. The suggested readings at the end of this chapter reference some of the most
relevant de facto standards documents (RFCs).
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