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August 1982
SU
M
Giving your
Sinclair
a break
Rainy day
software
reviewed
Disaster in
Manchester
The independent magazine for the independent user
Programming
without
tears
Spectrums
begin to roll
Meet
our first
Sinclair User
Club member
We profile
an award-winning
designer
Eight pages of p
ms, your letters, helpline, mind games d i
0.
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user
Editor
Nigel Clark
Consultant editor
Mike lohnston
Production editor
Harold Mayes MBE
Design
William Scolding
Editorial director
lohn Sterlicchi
Advertisement director
'rarnon Horgan
Advertisement manager
Fohn Ross
5 SI NCLAI RVOYANCE We look at how micros can boost the enjoyment of holidays in
the future.
6 HO LI DAY PROBLEMS Do ZX-B I s become lonely when left behind at holiday time?
Nicole Segre considers the difficulties light-heartedly,
9 M A T H S GAMES Ian Stewart looks at ways of relaxing with numbers,
1 3 CO MP UTE R CAMP We profile Beaumont Computer Camps, wher e children cat,
learn about new technology in the Lake District.
1 4 S O FTWARE SCENE We concentrate on ways of using your ZX-81 to occupy the
hours of poor summer weather.
1 9 N E W S The Spectrum begins to roll: a disastrous Microfair in Manchester: ZX-81
sales boost in the U.S.; and much more,
2 1 Y O U R LEI TERS You tell us what you think about the world of Sinclair computers,
Editorial/production assistant
Margaret Hawkins
2 4 CO MP ACTE R ROUTI NES George Todorovic considers the problems of data code
compression on the ZX-81 by changing the character codes.
Managing director
I erry Cartwright
2 7 S TARTI NG FROM SCRATCH Our regular featur e on how to begin using your
1.,X-8 1
Chairman
Richard Hease
2 9 TO O LKI T ROUTI NES I n his second article. Phil Garrett looks at more aids for
programming.
Sinclair User is published monthly
by ECC Publications Ltd. 11 is not in
any way connected with Sinclair
Research Ltd.
3 1 P RO G RAM PRI NTOUT Another eight pages of great programs from our readers.
telephone
All departments
01-359 7481
4 5 M I N D GAMES Philip Joy and more of the games which test your mind.
If you would like to contribute to
Sinclair User, please send typed (or
beautifully hand-written) articles or
programs to:
Sinclair User
ECC Publications,
30-31 Islington Green.
London Ni 813)
5 0 MO V I E S lack Knight describes easy ways in which to include moving graphics nit,
your programs.
We will pay EIO for each program
printed and E50 for each article.
which should be approximately
1.000 words long.
6 1 S I NCLAI R USER CLUB We speak to the first club member and there are three
special offers for members of our ever-growing user club.
Copyright 1982
Sinclair User
ISSN No. 0262-5458
Origination by
Outline Graphics.
Printed by
Eden Fisher (Southend) Ltd
Distributed by
Spotlight Magazine Distribution Ltd.
1 Benwell Road.
Holloway,
London N7
01-507 6411
SLNCLAIR USER Augus t 1982
3 9 ZX - 9 9 Stephen Adams reviews this major piece of har dwar e from Data-Assette.
4 3 H A R D W A R E WORLD Our regular look at what is new in the peripherals market,
4 7 HE LP LI NE Andrew Hewson answers your problems this month about the displa%
File on the ZX-81.
5 5 I NS I DE SI NCLAI R Claudia Cooke interviews Rick Dickinson, the award-winning
designer of the ZX-81 and the Spectrum.
5 9 CO MP E TI TI O N Cricket is the theme for this month's contest for the last of our
printers.
6 3 SPECI AL OFFER ZX-81 kits for E29•95 plus postage and packaging — A saving ol
E20.
6 6 ADV E RTI S E ME NT INDEX Your guide to the many items advertised in the pages of
Sinclair User.
NEXT MONTH
• Special Education Edition — We look at
the uses for Sinclair machines and the
growing amount of software available.
3
M E L B O U R N E HOUSE • Z X 8 1 • S P E C T R U M
W h y is
this m a n
snii ing?
You'd be smiling too if you were Dr. Ian Logan.
Dr. Logan is shown receiving the Rosetta Stone Award for
his perceptive insights into the way the ZX8 I ROM
operates. Melbourne House are proud to be the publishers
of Dr. Logan's books.
4• 10.
Melbourne House are Sinclair specialists, publishing books
that are winners in every category. Whether you are a
beginner or an experienced programmer, you'll need
Melbourne House books.
If you've got a Spectrum on order (or better yet. if you've
already got your Spectrum), then you'll be glad to know
that Dr. Logan is working on Unders t anding Y our
Spectrum, sure to become the definitive book on the
Spectrum.
So if you want to smile like Dr. Logan, you can do one of
two things: Order one of our books from your bookseller
or fill in the coupon and really understand your Sinclair. or
you can write a great book or program and send it to us.
Who knows? Your smile may be in this ad. next year!
, ,r •
O Machine Language Made Simple For Your Sinclair, 1,8 95
.1
O Understanding Your ZXB I ROM, by Dr. Ian Logan. V8 95
O ZX8i RO M Disassembly Part A by Dr Ian Logan, 7 00
A r t * FYI
O Z.X8I RO M Disassembly Part B. by Dr Ian Logan and Dr Frank 0
-O Not only 30 Programs for the ZX81: 1K. £6.95
1-lara,
I : 8
0
0
O The Complete Sinclair ZX81 Bask Course, 5 0
O M
O
0
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s
M
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M E I NE M O O M IMIO
4
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M e l b o u r n e H o u s e Publ i sher s, C o r r e s p o n d e n c e to Glebe Cottage
ammo INF. woomin 131 Trafalgar Road.
S
t
a
t
i
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n
Road. Cheddington,
I MI .
1I I
.I Please rush me your ncw Spectrum D o i catalogue (Please specify. )
Please send me books as marked above Note Please add 80p for post, pack & VAT
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Address
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MELBOURNE HOUSE • Z X 8 1 • S P E C T R U M
= I N OEM M M
sinclairvoyance
Portable systems can
boost outdoor thrills
mas and New Year a few years i n the future. The
J thoughts of the family Typical-Sinclair-User stray from
rthe usual feast of old films and Christmas spectaculars
Ion television to visions of sun, sea and sand.
s They switch o f f the television, a tta ch th e i r latest
aSinclair machine, bought fro m one o f the many highstreet
stockists. add their Martochoice Prestel adapter
b
and
turn
to the Prestel holiday pages.
l
Following the eventual development of the adapter for
ethe Sinclair machines, Prestel enjoyed a boost i n the
a
number o f domestic users. A fu l l range o f holiday
koperators have since found it worthwhile to give details
w their holidays all over the world.
of
i The Typical-Sinclair-Users select a group of holidays
in
n which they are interested and request more details.
Those
arrive on the screen immediately and are printedt
out. Pictures o f the resorts and th e facilities a rri ve
e
through the post a few days later.
r From those, th e TSUs decide. Unfortunately when
'they try to book, again through Presto!, they fi nd their
sfirst choice o f time, destination and operator is fullydbooked. They bring their second choice to the screen and
afind there a re vacancies. They make th e i r booking,
ypaying th e deposit b y debiting th e i r b a n k account
i
n
t
h
e
hdirectly by Prestel. Once th a t i s done, a b i l l fo r the
ibalance and a listing of the holiday details arrives on the
aprinter.
t As the time for the holiday approaches the TSU family.
between playing the latest game of aliens and keeping
utheir household accounts in order, check the weather
sconditions at their chosen resort and the strength of the
bpeseta against th e pound — a l l available through
ePrestel.
t As the ISUs hate shopping, having to push their way
through the crowds, they decide to buy all their holiday
w
eclothes a n d equipment b y ma i l o rd e r, again using
Prestel.
e
Their tickets finally arrive, printed on the ingenious
nmicro colour printer developed by Sinclair Research.
C
That add-on had been produced in response to a number
hof attempts b y o th e r companies t o make something
rwhich allowed a record to be kept o f the Spectrum
idisplays and the claim by a number o f people that not
seven C l i ve co u l d produce a co l o u r p r i n te r a t a
treasonable price.
SI NCLAI R USER A u g u s t 1982
Pausing only to cancel the milk and Sinclair User — by
Prestel, o f course — switch o ff the Sinclair-controlled
air-conditioning system and transfer control of the home
security to the neighbours' Sinclair so that they can look
after the house, the Typical-Sinclair-Users begin their
great adventure.
The luggage consists of the usual suitcases but also
includes a large black briefcase. When they arrive at the
airport, they fi nd many other families have the same
black briefcases. Al l are treated with great care, are
taken inside the a i rcra ft as hand luggage and stored
carefully under the seats.
They arrive i n Majorca, everyone still taking great
care o f th e i r black cases. O n reaching th e i r hotel
everyone immediately rushes to their rooms, where the
secret o f the black box is revealed. Inside there is a
complete Sinclair computer system, neatly packed in
plastic foam. The VDU is one of the Sinclair flat-screen
televisions and i t is powered by a light but powerful
battery developed as p a rt o f the Sinclair electric car
project.
The following day the TSU family goes to the beach
and, in common with many others, they take their
briefcase and spend half the day enjoying the sun, sea
and sand and the other half playing with the Sinclair.
The case also contains a device which allows the
Typical-Sinclair-Users to contact their neighbours via
the telephone service or collect any recorded messages
on their telephone answering service.
If th i s sounds a l i ttl e far-fetched, a s though th e
Sinclairvoyance crysta l b a l l i s even less clear th a n
usual, consider th a t most o f the items are already in
existence a n d a r e available e i th e r f o r th e Sinclair
machines or can be adapted from hardware available
with other computers. The two items which do not exist
are the colour printer and the lightweight battery but that
is no guarantee that they will not appear on the market.
The rest o f this look into the not-too-distant future
depends o n h o w people r e a c t t o t h e possibilities
provided by a light, fully-portable computer system. It
may be a little unreal to suggest that people will take
every opportunity to avoid leaving their homes. It would
be pleasant to think that the gregarious nature of people
would rebel against being c u t o ff fro m th e i r fellow
human beings.
The e n th u si a sm w i t h w h i c h m a n y t a k e a n y
opportunity to cut themselves off and carry around their
own l i ttl e w o rl d , however, w o u l d appear t o argue
against thi s. I t i s one o f th e reasons w h y ca rs a re
preferred to public transport and why growing numbers
of people can be seen walking around with headphones
listening to small cassette players.
5
Do Sinclair machines get lonely being
left at home during summer holidays?
Nicole Segre considers the problem.
Taking the pain out
of holiday separation
for some, holiday time has
E
always brought i t s special
N
problems. I d o not mean only
Jdilemmas such as what one wears
O if anything — in St Tropez, or for
hang-gliding over the Niagara Falls.
Y
or for whatever other delights one
A
has in store. I speak of real anxieties have those names correct. Will that repeated complaints about t he
such a s w h o w i l l w a t e r t h e American university, which gave us Sinclair never doing anything useful
B
Rubik's thumb and Clacker wrist, are completely unfounded. AccordLplants.Even i f t he c at could be discover another ailment associ- ing to Hall, with the necessary modipersuaded to do it. who will feed the
E
cat? How will the burglars be lured ated wit h popular pastimes? Z X fications and appendages — I will
tinto thinking that three burly men addiction perhaps, or more likely not go into all the technical details
I do not want to confuse you t h e
hare in residence when the whole Sinc lair E y e. I c a n i m agi ne as
Sinclair
can be made to do almost
street looks more dead than John thousands o f people wandering
oCleese's Norwegian blue parrot?
around wearing dark glasses on anything. Even feeding the cat and
u Now, to add to all that, there is a even the dullest day as they walk for watering t he plants. I dare say,
gnew problem — what happens to my the first time in the open air for some although I would not trust it to know
2X-81? I realise how silly it months, t heir hands twitching as which was which and certainly not
hson's
sounds but I have to confess that I they suffer withdrawal symptoms to speak to them pleasantly.
ihave wondered whether it would be from using the keyboard.
This opens-up an interesting posI need not have worried, though. sibility. No longer need Sinclair
tall right on its own. Would it rust?
Or do chips go stale for lack of use? and I feel much better about it after users endure long weeks of comm
Would dust get into its nooks and a brief talk I had with Keith Hall. I puter deprivation; they c an take
acrannies a n d mak e i t behav e should ex plain t hat h e i s res - their little computers wit h them.
ystrangely, like something taken-over ponsible f o r a l l t h e c omputer While those of us with more oldbby beings from outer space? Would madness, or Sinclair Syndrome, in fashioned tastes splash about in the
waves o r wal k through breatheAlex on his return from holiday be our household. He introduced my
taking scenery, they could be sitting
within wires reach of a car engine,
eagle eyes trained on a screenful of
moving blobs, astounding the locals
by their skill and by the amazing
advances of British technology.
It could be the start of a completely n e w w a y o f s pending
son
to
the
ZX-81
by
starting
a
comholidays. Beach computer clubs
wandering about saying: " I know
you think I'm crazy but that is not my puter club at his school. I hasten to could spring up in the resorts of
computer. It looks like my computer add that in every other respect he is Europe — or more likely car park
but something has happened to it. It a splendid chap.
computer clubs. Parents could be
He
told
me
that
one
reason
the
seen rushing into the sea to rescue
is not my computer".
Have I been watching too many Sinclair is so eminently suitable for machines caught by an unexpected
late-night films? Do computers have school use is t hat it s keyboard, wave. Sand-castle competitions
feelings? Should I ask someone to whic h m a n y o f u s a g r e e i s would b e a t hing o f t he past,
come each day not only to feed the maddening t o use, i s als o v ery replaced by attempts to make the
cat and water the plants but to dust resistant, able t o withstand spilt highest score on the car race game.
Perhaps they could even find inthe computer and talk t o al l o f drinks and countless sticky fingers.
never
mind
a
little
bit
of
dust.
In
fact,
thern.too? Last but not least, how
genious new tasks f or their comwould my son cope with the strain of one ZX-81 has even been run from a puters t o perform — testing the
a whole summer unrelieved by a car battery in a muddy back garden. temperature of the water, perhaps,
or acting as mosquito early-warning
single game of Monster Centipedes without ill-effect.
or Asteroids' Revenge — I do hope I
Further, it appears that my oft- systems. It would be a simple matter
'No longer need Sinclair users endure
long weeks of computer deprivation; they
can take their computers with them.'
6
S
I
N
C
L
A
I
R
USER Augus t 1982
1110,
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to store a few useful foreign words
and phrases such as "Where is the
nearest football stadium?" o r " I
would like t o speak t o the head
waiter".
On second thoughts, it all seems a
little impracticable. If you took your
computer o n shopping t r ips t o
display requests like "Please give
me the yellow one", you would not
be able to carry your shopping.
A trip to the beach would go like
this: "Do you have your swimsuits?
Towels? Beach mat? Parasol? Ball?
Frisby? Sunglasses? C a m e r a ?
Binoculars? R a dio? Computer?
Television set?" Somehow, I do not
see it. Besides which, even if there is
room to pack a computer on the outward journey, there would not be on
SI NCLAI R USER A u g u s t 1982
1 1 1 W0 4 1 A R N O
P
O t a l a I N A M
I S M I N
l t i S t
glipPr N MI PI I M
I P W I
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the r e tur n, following t h a t we llknown phenomenon by which suitcases always become smaller on
holiday, or the contents grow bigger
— i t ha s not been proved conclusively either way.
Alternatively, I send Alex to one
of thos e computer camps, t h e
Butlins of the micro world, where he
can enjoy outdoor activities as well
as crouching over his computer. I
suppose that is intended to make
him physically fit enough to be able
to spend the rest of the year wth his
Sinclair without too many ill-effects.
The more I think about it, though,
the more I think this is getting out of
hand. Our lives are not to be ruled by
a small plastic box, no matter how
full ills of electronic marvels. The
last f e w months have been ba d
enough, without it deciding how we
should enjoy the brief days of good
summer weather.
I am going to put my foot down
firmly and oppose any moves to take
a Sinclair away with us this year. A
break with the trappings of civilisation will do us all a world of good.
Enough o f fl ic k e r ing screens,
moving ta r ge ts a n d e x ploding
galaxies — we shall restore ourselves with fresh air, sunshine and
bird-song.
Now if you will excuse me, I must
go and pack. If I hurry, I might even
have tim e f or a quick game o f
Colliding Space Intruders, as it will
be a long time before I have the
chance again.
7
Use your computer in the case...
Foam rubber gives complete protection...
Purpose-built for the ZX system...
• •
or •
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Wi O R I • 1 T U 2 0
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3 0 NE X T I
4 0 P RINT A T I I
Turn your ZX system
into a portable computing centre!
Your ZX hardware -ZX81. or Spectrum is designed to work together as a system_
And now there's a simple way to make
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You can forget wasted time setting up or
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leads and replace the hinged, lif t - o il
And
of course, if you're taking your 7.X
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to college or the office, ZX Custom
lid .
Cases are a lot less cumbersome than a bag
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Designed by ZX enthusiasts for ZX enthusiasts.
Both the ZX81 and Spectrum Custom
Cases were designed by a group of ZX
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leading case makers. Made from impactresistant ABS, each case holds every piece of
Sinclair hardware available for the
respective computers-plus Learning Lab,
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player up to 10
1the xhardware, simply leave the pre-cut
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extra pieces of equipment.
" And when brand new hardware is
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foam
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Send for your ZX Custom Case-now!
7.X8I and Spectrum Custom Cases are
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To order, simply use the FREEPOST
coupon. Or if you have a credit card,
telephone 0276 62155, Mon-Fri, 9_30-5.30.
COMPUTEX
CASES
Computcx Cases OHS), Stanhope Road,
Camberley, Surrey, GUIS 3PS.
Maw alim• 2l day, tOr delmcn
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FmCamberley,
GUlk 3BR.
o n e y Surrey,
:b a c k
PICMIC send me
,
C
u LP. in
n 91
l packing.
t
insurance', each011.
YdineL2.n00•apost.
oi Please
( s p y Spectrum Custom Cases)
' n ngsend
a me
l
mat L36.gi , inc.L2.00 post. packing. ins1111111,:e each 82.
C u s t o
p •1 enclose a cheque/P 0 for ,4
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u made payable to Computes Cases
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t • Please debit my ALLess•Niss•
eaLLount
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s • 11ease delete as appropriate PLEASE P Ron
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a Name. Mr/Mrs/Miss
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B Keg. in England no 991288
S
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20,k
Relax with a pretty
number pattern
iteration — repeating a
M
process o v e r a n d o v e r
A
again
to see what you get. Wh i ch
T
means,
fancy names notwithstandH
ing, that it should be easy meat for a
computer.
Because, after all, doing
E
the
same
thing
over and over again
M
isAwhat computers do. best.
I do not mean exactly the same
T
thing, o f course — n o t l i k e th e
I
student
who was asked. "Wh a t do
C
you get i f you add 3 to 4 0 three
times?"
I
and who replied " I get 43
every
A
time". I mean the same process
N but using the result of one stage
as
S the starting-point for the next.
c For instance, suppose the process
is "add the digits'•. If we start with
a then adding th e digits gives
479.
4l+ 7 + 9 = 2 0 . N o w i te ra te , b y
l
adding
the digits of that: 2 + 0 = 2 .
Iterate
i
again, well; it is 2 + nothing
else,
that is 2 again. So we are stuck
t
at 2.11 is reasonably easy to see that
whatever number w i th which you
start you will eventually get down to
a one-digit number, and stop. So that
is not w o rth taxing th e poor o l d
ZX-81 brain.
What i f we add the squares of the
digits? Th e n 4 7 9 w o u l d l e a d t o
4*4 + 7*7 + 9*9, o r 1 6 + 49 + 81
which is 136 — well. 146, I made a
mistake; and that — well, perhaps
the ZX-81 i s good f o r something
after a l l . L e t u s w r i t e a sma l l
program to do the iteration for us:
10 INPUT N
20 PRINT AT 19,0;N
30 LET A = 0
40 LET M = INT(N/10)
starting number N. It uses A to add
50 LET A = A + (N-10*M)*
the squares o f the digits — those
(N-10*M)
60 LET N M
(N-10*M)s a r e th e d i g i ts — a n d
70 IF M 0 THEN GOTO 90 prints it out; SCROLLs to make room
80 GOTO 40
for the next step; than sets N equal
90 PRINT AT 20,0;A
to the result A and goes back to line
100 SCROLL
30 to start all over again, iterating
like mad.
110 LET N = A
120 GOTO 30
Type it in; try a few values for N. It
See what i t does? You give i t the will g o on forever unless you h i t
Ian Stewart looks at a rewarding way
in which to spend a few hours playing
with number series and loops
SINCLAIR USER August 1982
• 1
7 , •d
% ' , I 1'11
• 1 ,
,
;;i
BREAK, b L
uP
t k e, e p w a tc h i n g —
perhaps you
_ will notice a pattern.
What happens
eventually is that
•
the numbers
settle
down to some
ri
kind of regular
behaviour but it can
;
be a surprising one. Fo r instance,
try N = 8 91. ,You will get. success, 20, 4. 16, 37, 58, 89.
ively, 145. /42.
3
The iterations brought us back to
1
continued on page 10
9
9
1
1'
. . . A t l i AO C
•
J214.
continued from page 9
where we started and the silly beast
is going round in an endless loop.
You will fi nd tha t many starting
values for N lead into the same loop.
That i s interesting, r e a lly ; y ou
would not have guessed it initially.
Some numbers do not get into that
loop, though; try N = 7 as a starting
point. You can have plenty of fun
trying different starting values and
comparing the wa y the numbers
evolve.
If squares a r e n o t f o r y ou,
perhaps you would prefer cubes?
Thanks to Professor Rubik they are
fashionable but our cubes are things
like 2*2*2 8 , or 3*3*3 2 7 . Just
modify line 50 of the program to read
50 LET A = A + ( N
- (N
and proceed
1 0- * M ) as
* before. This time
there is
1 0a ne w surprise — t he
number* 153 goes to itself. There are
some other
numbers which equal around and since they cannot keep
M
the sum) *of the cubes of their digits: going t o different values forever.
there being only a limited range
can you
( 1fi nd them? On the other
hand there
are some loops, too; for available, something has to repeat.
s1
instance
There is one amazingly simple
- 5 5 2 5 0 — 133
133
iteration process a bout w h i c h
10
Insert
yet another (N-10*M)* in nothing of the kind has ever been
*
line 50 and you have fourth powers. proved, even though most people
think it must be true. It is called the
Here isMa nice loop, too:
)
Kokutuni Problem. T h e iteration
4514 1 1 3 8 -• 4179 9 2 1 9
-13139 -• 6 7 2 5
process is:
If N is even, halve it.
-w
If N is odd, treble it and add 1.
w powers? You should be able
Fifth
to work
Problem: does everything end in
4 3out
3 the
8 . modification to the
the
loop 1 - 4 program
4 5by now.
1
There is a loop of
w Here
2 is
- the program:
length
4 four:
10
INPUT N
10933
-•
59536
7
3
3
1
8
w
1
•
20
LET
C= 0
5• 0062 30
PRINT
AT 20,0; N
*109
Experiment
w i t h diffe r e nt •
40
SCROLL
3 3 a n d diffe r e nt s ta r ting- ?
powers
50 IF N 2 * I N T ( N / 2 ) THEN
- N . I t is a relaxing way to
points
LET NO + N/2
spend
w a few hours and there are
60 IF N <>• 2*INT IN/2)
plenty of patterns to spot. The one
THEN LET NO = 3 * N + 1
general thing which is known is that
70
LET N N O
from whatever number you start,
80
LET
C = C +1
you must eventually end in a loop, or
90 IF N = 1 THEN GOTO 110
with a number which goes to itself,
100
GOTO 30
forming a loop with only one number
110
PRINT
AT 21,0; "HIT LOOP
in it.
IN D " ;C;" U STEPS"
Essentially that is because if you
(E) = SPACE)
start with a big enough number the
If you experiment with this, you
sum of the powers of its digits has to
be smaller; so the numbers keep will find that the behaviour is most
shrinking until they are trapped in a irregular. For example, N = 29 hits
limited range. Once there, they hop the loop after 18 stages and so does
•
10
•
•
'• ';
,
i i •.
N 3 0 ; but N 3 1 requires 106
steps t o reach the loop a nd the
numbers become as big as 1780 on
the way. Then 32 stops in only five
steps and 33 in 26 steps. The numbers hop around all over the place;
they g e t s m a lle r , s m a lle r —
suddenly bigger instead. Could they
keep growing forever and miss the
loop completely? Nobody knows.
Of course, you cannot decide that
on a computer: there is no way to
carry-out the computation forever,
to see if it keeps growing. You can,
however, have a general feeling
about the way the numbers behave
by trying them. A biggish start, like
1111111, hits the loop after 165
steps. Generally, runs where the
numbers shrink tend to occur more
often than ones where they grow.
Despite t ha t evidence a nd a n
enormous num be r o f computer
experiments, the problem remains
completely unsolved, whic h i s
remarkable, considering it s simplicity. It shows that there is plenty
of life left in mathematics and that
not every problem can be solved just
by putting it on the computer. It is
also a n intr iguing example o f
elusive number patterns a nd the
computer is a valuable aid in finding
them.
SI NCLAI R USER Augus t 1982
'.'..the quality of the colour display is excellent' PopularComputingWeekly.
"The graphics facilities are great fun'.'PersonalComputerWorld
"...the Spectrum is way ahead of its competitors':YourComputer.
"The world's best
personal computer
for under E500
ck,<,
Sinclair ZX Spectrum
16K RAM E125, 48K RAM E175.
This is the astonishing new ZX Spectrum
- a powerful professional's computer in
everything but price!
There are two versions - 16K or a
really powerful 48K. Both have a full
8 colours, sound generation, a full-size
moving-key keyboard and high-resolution
graphics. Plus established Sinclair
features such as 'one-touch keyword
entry, syntax check and report codes!
Key features of the Sinclair
ZX Spectrum
Full colour - 8 colours plus flashing
and brightness-intensity control.
Sound - BEEP command with
variable pitch and duration.
Massive RAM - 16K or 48K.
Full-size moving-key keyboard - all
keys at normal typewriter bitch, with
repeat facility on each key.
High resolution 2 5 6 dots horizontally
x 192 vertically, each individually
addressable for true high-resolution
graphics.
ASCII character set - with upper- and
lower-case characters.
High speed LOAD & SAVE -16K in 100
seconds via cassette, with VERIFY and
MERGE for programs and separate
data files.
SENCLAIR USER A u g u st 7982
The ZX Printer - available now
The printer offers ZX Spectrum
owners the full ASCII character set including lower-case characters and
high-resolution graphics.
Printing speed is 50 characters per
second, with 32 characters per line and
lines per vertical inch.
ZX Microdrive co m in g soon
Each Microdrive will hold up to 100K
bytes on a single interchangeable
microfl oppy - with a transfer rate of
16K bytes per second. And you'll be
able to connect up to 8 ZX Microdrives
to your ZX Spectrum - they're available
later this year, for around E50.
F
o
SC it y
1
i
n
c
l
a
i
r
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
hL
.T
FE
E
R
P
E
O
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Item
Code
Item price Tota l
C
How to order your ZX Spectrum
BY PHONE - Access. Barclaycard or
Trustcard holders can call 01-200 0200
for personal attention 24 hours a day,
every day.
BY FREEPOST - use the coupon
below. You can pay by cheque. postal
order, Access, Barclaycard or Trustcard.
EITHER WAY - please allow up to 28
days for delivery. And there's a 14-day
money-back option, of course. We want
you to be satisfied beyond doubt - and
we have no doubt that you will be
i r i i i
- Spectrum
Sinclair Research Ltd,
Stanhope Road, Camberley, Surrey,
GU15 3PS. Tel: Camberley (0276) 685311.
1
1
O r d ;r 1
Please lick it you re quire a VAT re ce ipt rl
• I enclose a cheque /post al order payable to Sinclair
Research Ltd tor t
Sincla ir ZX Spe ctrum -
1614 RAM version
100
125 00
Sinclair
48K
RAM version
'
Sinclair
ZX Printer
ZX
101
27
175 00
59 95
18
11 9 5
Printer
S p e paper
c(pack
t r of
u 5 rolls)
Postage
and packing
m
orde rs unde r C100
-orders o ve r i 1 0 0
•
28
29
295
495
*Please charge to my Access/Barclaycard/Trust c aid
a ccount no
t
1
I
1
P
J
i
l
1
e
I
l
a
l
L
s
1
l
e
J
print I
I
L
i
t
•Please delete/complete as applicable.
Mr/Mrs/Miss I
t1
Address
TOTAL t
1 1
, price s on a pplica tion
Price s a pply to U K only. Export
1 1
I
1 1
1 1
S
U
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80L3_1
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A gentle introduction to the ZX8 I & its capabilities.
NOT ONLY 30 PROGRAMS/ SI NCLAI R ZX81: I K 1 7 . 2 5
(lames, Utilities and Mathematics, with a listing of and discussion on
each program.
UNDE RS TANDI NG YOUR M I ROM
0
1
.
9
5
By Dr. Ian Logan
The Z80 Microprocessor, its machine code, and how to use machine
code subroutines in BASI C programs.
1X81 ROM DI SASSEMBLY: PART A
1
.
6
.
9
5
by Dr. Ian Logan
A complete disassembly o f hex. locations 0000 t o 0 1
commentary
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1
Understanding
5 4 w i t h Your DaO I ROM.
DO D ROM DI SASSEMBLY: PART B
1
7
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9
A continuation of the above, f or locations 0E55 to IOFF.
ALL PRICES INCLUSIVE OF VAT &
SHIPPING WITH IN THE U.K.
oecam Software, 13 Hawthorn Grove.
Wilmslow, Cheshire. SK9 51E.
England. P.S. Sheard.
Telephone: Wilmslow 52422R.
onneievabie Graphics
M
, a
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n EXIT is there somewhere. but then so is a T REX.
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A guide to every facet of ZX8 I BASI C, including an KO page r e f
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SINCLAIR USER Augus t 1982
computer
camp
Computer camps w e r e introduced t o
Britain last year and proved so popular
that they have been expanded rapidly.
year be able to learn all about
H
the Spectrum and the ZX-81
u
against
the picturesque backdrop of
the
n L a k e D is t r ic t . B e a um ont
Summer
Camps ha s decided t o
d
instal
a
number
of the machines at
r
its
new
residential
camp six miles
e
south of Carlisle.
d Children between the ages of 10
s 17 are able to enjoy holidays at
and
o
the camp in which half the day is
f
spent
wor k ing o n t h e Sinc la ir
machines
and the other half can be
t
used
to
take
part in the many other
e
activities
available.
e
According to the organisers, it is
n
assumed that most of the children
a
will have no previous experience of
g
computers of any kind. They say
ethey have "designed a special pror
gramme
to ensure that the campers'
sfirst encounter with a computer is
most enjoyable and rewarding exw
iperience.• T h e y also promise t o
"de-mystify the computer".
l Three levels of instruction a r e
lprovided to take account of all levels
tof knowledge. The subjects covered
hwill include how computers work.
icomputer jargon, programming in
sBasic, possible future applications.
and progress t o fl oppy dis c s .
graphics, w o r d processing a n d
other languages.
It is expected that most of the
campers will have a working knowledge of Basic programming after
two weeks.
The computer course is linked to
the other activities available at the
camp, which mainly involve moving
outdoors and enjoying the magnificent countryside. The camp provides tuition in camping, fell walking, sailing, pony trekking, canoeing
and many other activities.
It was the idea of Stewart Wiley, a
former holiday tour operator who
decided to set up holiday camps for
children a fte r h e ha d seen t he
success o f similar camps i n the
United States.
Picturesque setting
for micro courses
"When I was on holiday in the
States. I s a w a television pr ogramme about a computer camp
which ha d been started in Santa
Barbara, California. I contacted the
person who had set it up and he
v is ited En g la n d t o adv is e o n t h e
setting-up o f a similar camp i n
Britain," Wiley said.
Last year he opened his first camp
at St John's School, Windsor — a
day c a m p w i t h bus e s t a k ing
children from the area to the camp
every weekday.
As at the residential camp, the
activities included outdoor sports
and the opportunity to learn about
microcomputers. A t Windsor the
programme w a s ba s e d o n t h e
Commodore Pet. It was not until this
year and the decision to set up a
residential camp that he became
involved wit h Sinclair machines.
They are now the only machines
available at the Carlisle camp. At
the day centre the courses use Vics
and Tandy&
Robin H e a th, dir e c tor o f t he
computer camps, said that one of
the reasons for choosing Sinclair
machines was that the average age
of children at the residential camp
would be higher than that at the day
centres.
"Younger c hildr e n c a n ha v e
difficulty wit h the keyboards on
both the ZX-81 a nd the Spectrum
but the average age a t the Lake
District camp should be about 13
and m a ny children o f t ha t a ge
already have ZX-81s and fi nd no
problem with them." Heath said.
He added that since the decision
they had found the machines to be
very resilient and that would be an
advantage in being able to withstand the extra use.
"I made the decision to choose
Sinclair exclusively because I
thought it would be worthwhile for
the f u t u r e t o h a v e a c los e
association with the company.'' said
Wiley.
The first venture at Windsor was
so successful that Wiley decided on
a massive expansion for this year.
As well as the Windsor camp and
the ne w Lake District residential
camp, there are other day camps
being organised at Mill Hill on the
outskirts of London. at Sevenoaks.
Kent. and Knutsford, Cheshire.
"Last year was very successful,"
said Wiley. "We had spaces for 300
and could have filled them many
times over".
13
SI NCLAI R USER Augus t 1982
wdtch your strength
Phil Garrett looks at ways must
and water levels.
Also on the cassette is
of enjoying your holiday Hangman
with a b u i l t
despite poor weather
400-word
vocabulary;
the
-
Greye defender is
another 3D winner
IF YOU ARE the type who
goes t o t h e seaside t o
spend hours — and pounds
— in amusement arcades,
there is a ne w c r op o f
ZX-I31 a c tion games t o
tempt you to stay at home.
I K Greye, famous for its
remarkable 3 D Monster
Maze, ha s scored again
with 3DDefender.This allmachine-code game for 16K
ZX-8Is has the player steering the last surviving craft of
aonce noble battle fleet into
action against marauding invaders. Using the keyboard
like a joystick, y ou c a n
climb, dive and bank, watch
the stars wheel about and the
ground slip past, but keep an
0,e open for the had guys
and their plasma bolts. The
game requires quick react i ons a n d g o o d c o ordination — a minimum of
five fingers are in action —
and takes a good deal o f
practice before any score is
achieved. Amazing graphics
effects are created as the
enemy draws closer, more
and more detail appearing as
the flying saucers loom in
your f or wa r d scanner.
Another winner for £3.95.
If y ou have spent the
money you had saved for
your R A M pack on your
holidays instead, K Greye
offers arcade-game action in
just 1 K . I t s full-screen
Breakout, written in an incredible 5 0 0 by t e s o f
Taste of exotic
from Diggles
ONCE YOU have returned
from your two weeks in the
European s un, how c a n
you recapture that taste of
the exotic? Photographs
and souvenirs are all very
well but what about food?
Your 16K ZX-81 can revive
those memorable meals
with the aid of The Diggles
Kitchen. V o l u m e o n e
contains 28 recipes from
all ov e r t h e w o r l d —
Cyprus chicken, Spanish
hake, Italian roast lamb,
plus recipes for beef, hare,
turkey, duc k , ha m a n d
many more. I f you have
14
had e nough o f for e ign
food, y o u w i l l fi n d
Lancashire hot pot a n d
steak a n d k idne y p i e
included. If you did not go
overseas this year. why
not t ur n u p the central
heating, serve Hawaiian
pork, and dream a little?
The Diggles Kitchens,
volume one a nd volume
two E ur ope a n recipes—
cost E4.99 each or E9 the
two from Micro Computer
Software, U nit D 6 , Pear
Industrial Estate, Stockport Road, Lowe r Bradbury, Stockport SK6 2BP.
machine code, has all the
capabilities of the bigger
versions. The bricks a r e
inverse E signs, which turn
into s igns when hit, and
then disappear altogether
when hit again. The game
has adjustable b a t s ize
and speed, plus on-screen
scoring a nd variable r e bound angle. All for E1.95
from J K Greye Software,
16 P a r k S t r e e t . B a t h ,
Avon, BA1 2TE.
Camel!
adventure
IF Y OU a r e bored wit h
soaking-up the sun, or cannot become enthusiastic
about a day trip to Clacton,
how about widening your
horizons with a n Adventure? C a m e l! Softwa r e
has produced three 16K
cassettes, e a c h wit h a n
adventure a n d a nothe r
substantial game.
In Volcanic Dungeon,
you e nte r t he r e a lm o f
myth and magic to rescue
the Princess Edora from
the three-fold clutches of
the goddess o f evil, t he
Snow Que e n, a n d t h e
Witch of the Black Mountains. You are given a map
of t h e 8 0 c onne c t e d
caverns, fi l l e d w i t h
monsters, pits and fire. Armies o f goblins a nd ic e
giants a wa it . We a pons
and magical objects a r e
scattered around and you
program
allows for easy or
in
difficult words, one or two
players, a n d h a s f u l l
screen graphics.
In A lie n Intruder y ou
wake f r o m c r y oge nic
suspension to find that the
rest of the starship crew
has been eaten by an alien
monster — and it will soon
be dinner-time again. A
graphics dis pla y shows
any life forms on the same
level — the ship has three
levels — so you can watch
the alien move closer.
Another display shows
what exits a r e possible
from the room or corridor
you a r e in. a nd a thir d
display shows wha t you
have been able to load into
your space shuttle craft,
which is your only hope of
escape. Food, water, oxygen. weapons a nd other
useful objects a r e scattered around.
On t he othe r s ide o f
Alien Intruder is Hieroglyphics, a clever variation of Hangman, in which
a 3 9 - s y m bol a n c i e n t
SI NCLAI R USER Augus t 1982
software
scene
Hangman costs E4.50 and
the other two tapes are E5
each, plus 50 pence p&p,
from R Carnell, 4 Stainton
Road, Slough. Berkshire,
Asteroids
in the home
INSTEAD o f w a i ti n g f o r
the amusement arcades to
open. the Electronic Pencil
Co Asteroids brings home
the action. It has nearly all
the fe a tu re s o f t h e 2 0
pence guzzlers: one or two
players. f o u r s i z e s o f
asteroids, h u n te r - k i l l e r
alien spaceship a n d onscreen scoring. There are
five levels of play and the
top five scorers have their
names displayed.
Written in 100 percent
machine code. Asteroids
costs E3.95 from the Electronic Pencil Co.
Machine
tools
alphabet h a s t o b e
deciphered b e fo r e t h e
famous explorer, Wu l l i e
Makeit. is buried in sand.
Both programs make good
use of graphics and words
to make a very entertaining package.
Wumpus A dv e nt ur e
features the most ancient
and terrible creature o f
computer mythology. You
must track the Wumpus by
its smell and chilling cry
through a maze o f caves
containing a host o f te rrors.
SI NCLAI R USER Augus t 1982
Goblins may catch you
and tie you up as a morsel
for their god, the Wumpus;
bats may pick you up and
drop you in another cave,
which may contain a bottomless pit or a giant serpent — or only a swamp i f
you are lucky. Up to fo u r
players can take part and
if you happen to step into
Wumpus muck, one of the
other players ma y smell
you and fi re an a rro w a t
you, i n mistake f o r t h e
monster.
With Wu mp u s Adven-
lure there is Movie Mogul,
which gives a taste of the
trials and tribulations o f
Hollywood. Se e a d a y 's
filming go down the drain
when t h e leading a c to r
punches the leading lady
in t h e m o u t h ; t r y t o
balance l o c a t i o n a n d
studio filming, while keeping i n mi n d th e cu rre n t
fashions among the movie
buffs. Wumpus and Mogul
are two good non-graphics
programs to keep you o ff
the beach for hours.
Volcanic D u n g e o n /
MARTIN Wren-Hilton. the
U.K. correspondent of the
American Sync magazine,
has taken time from his A
level studies t o produce
two remarkable machine
code programs f o r 1 6 K
DC-81s. Th e fi r s t, SuperZap, s o u n d s l i k e y e t
another sp a ce i n va d e rs
game b u t i s i n f a c t a
separate loading and saving routine, enti rel y distinct fro m the routines in
the Sinclair ROM.
Many m a c h i n e c o d e
programs n o w available
start ru n n i n g a u to ma ti cally a f t e r loading a n d
since they often use their
own ke yb o a rd scanning
routines, they do not respond t o t h e Bre a k ke y.
Wren-Hilton wanted to be
able t o l o o k a t th o s e
continued on page 16
15
•
continued from ptoze 15
programs a n d se e h o w
they worked, so he developed Super-Zap. w h i c h
loads the program byte by
byte into a Basic array, so
that i t ca n b e examined
without running i t . Th a t
array can then be saved on
tape, either in its original
format so that it auto-runs
on loading, or in a superzapped format, i n w h i ch
case it does not.
Wren-Hilton's se co n d
program is Lower Case.
which allows mixed upperand lower-case letters to
be output to th e printer.
The p r o g r a m r e - s e t s
RAMTOP a n d stores i t s
11/2K o f ma ch i n e c o d e
above it. A simple USR call
operates the special Copy
routine, which tu rn s any
inverse characters on the
screen into lower-case on
the p r i n t e r . T r u e
descenders o c c u r a s
required a n d the routine
runs a s q u i ckl y a s t h e
normal copy. The number
of lines to be copied can be
altered w i th a POKE and
the routine has a typing
program developed b y a
satisfied user.
Super-Zap a n d L o w e r
Case cost E4.95 each from
Martin W r e n
-L i ttl e P o u l t o n L a n e .
Poi ul tl to
H
o nn-l, e -Fyl d e ,
Blackpool,
Lanes FY6 7ET.
4
ships. On-screen scoring
and high score make this a
good all-machine-code version of the game for E5.95.
Space Invaders is the
closest ye t to the arcade
original. It has 10 levels of
play, c o m m a n d s h i p s .
plenty o f bombs to dodge,
smooth machine code action, on-screen s c o r i n g
Silversoft
arcade
Playing for
high stakes
THERE ARE two more programs fro m Silversoft i n
case yo u caught th e a r cade i tch a t the seaside.
Asteroids has three sizes
of asteroids, left and right
turn, fi re and thrust controls. There are 10 levels
of p l a y f r o m so p p y t o
suicidal, with bonuses for
knocking-out th e mother16
S
I
Brag l e ts you s ta r t w i th
E100 w h i ch you p u t i n to
the pot and your cards are
dealt. Then i l l s for you to
decide whether you fold,
brag — raise the stakes —
or pay to see the computer
hand. Th e ZX-81 has the
same options and the pot
may soon become substantial. The rules are simple
and the game addictive but
if y o u d e ci d e t h a t t h e
computer i s c h e a ti n g ,
please do not shoot i t, as
that is extra ventilation i t
can do without.
The second program is
the American dice game
Craps, w h i c h a l s o h a s
simple r u l e s a n d h i g h
stakes. One to foueplayers
or shooters can p i t th e i r
nerve against the random
fall of the dice, taking it in
turn t o t r y t o m a k e a
natural w h i l e a vo i d i n g
snake eyes, which is craps
and high score. L i ke th e — a n d y o u t h o u g h t
original, when you reach
the last few invaders they
start moving faster, so a
steady hand a n d a good
eye a re required. I f you
manage one screen, th e
next group sta rt one step
further down.
As an extra bonus, the
program includes the software necessary to run the
Qu i c k s i l v a c h a r a c t e r
generator, fo r even more
realistic invaders action.
It costs E4.95 from Silversoft, 40 Empress Avenue,
Ilford, Essex.
co mp u te r j a r g o n w a s
IF YOU have decided o n complicated?
Littlehampton rather than
The p r o g r a m s h a v e
Las Vegas for your holiday e x c e l l e n t f u l l - s c r e e n
this y e a r , y o u c a n s ti l l graphics a n d co st E5.50
taste t h e h i g h s t a k e s and E3.95 re sp e cti ve l y,
a cti o n w i t h t w o 1 6 K from Newline, 8 Ewell Rd,
programs f r o m N e w l i n e Wo i ta to n , N o t t i n g h a m
Software. T h r e e C a r d NG8 2DE.
N
C
L
A
I
R
USER A u g u s t 1982
ENHANCE YOUR SINCLAIR ZX81
1
Video Inverter adds
professional touch
Displays sharp, white characters on solid black
background TV screen.
A toggle switch lets you choose between NORMAL
and REVERSE.
KrrE4
NEW
ORDER NOW!
READY BUILT E5
(VAT. POP inc.)
A small printed circuit board fits on top of the logic
chip inside your ZX81.
Comprehensive, easy to follow, step by step
instructions make the modification a simple task.
We will fit your inverter to your ZX81 for 17.50.
For convenience print your name and address on back
of your cheque or postal order and send to:
D. FRITSCH,
6 Stanton Road,
Thelwa
Warrington
WA4 2HS
NOW FROM AFDEC
ZX81
RAM PACKS
16K
E25.00
Inclusive and post free.
Well proven design. Simplicity itself — Ju st plug in and
go. Power derived from D(81 with o u t additional
connections.
Ingenious flush mounting design eliminates 'Wobble' and
accidental memory loss.
Special feature — LED On . Off indicator.
Coming soon — A professional keyboard at an affordable
price.
Send the coupon TODAY for your Rampack. Allo w 14-21
days for delivery.
AFDEC ELECTRONI CS LTD, 318 Kemps hot t Lane
Basingstoke. Hants.
Please supply „ 16K Rampacks at E25.00 inclusive,
Cheque/P.O./Money Order enclosed f
Please Print Clearly.
Name
Address
SI NCLAI R USER A u g u s t 1982
0 0
0 1
E
M
L
ZX Spectrum
20 Programs £6.95
The ZX Spectrum has brought advanced
computing power into your home, The
Cambridge Colour Collection, a book of
20 programs, is all you need to make it
come alive.
No experience required. Simply enter the
programs from the book or load them from tape
(E2.95 extra) and run.
Amazing e ffe c ts . A l l programs a r e f ully
animated using hi-res graphics, colour and sound
wherever possible.
Entirely original. None of these programs has
ever been published before.
Proven Quality. The author already has 30,000
satisfied purchasers of his book of ZX81 programs.
Hours o f en tertai n m en t
• Lunar Landing. C o n tro l the angle of descent
and jet thrust to steer the lunar module to a safe
landing on the moon's surface.
• Maze. F i n d your way out from the centre of a
random maze.
• Android N im . P l a y the Spectrum a t the
ancient game of Nim using creatures from outer
space.
• Biorhythms. P l o t t h e c y c le s o f y o u r
Emotional, Intellectual a n d Physical activity.
Some would say this is not a game at all.
Improve your mind
• Morse. A complete morse-code training kit.
This program will take a complete beginner to
R.A.E. proficiency.
• Maths. Ad j u sta b l e t o various levels, th i s
program is an invaluable aid to anyone trying to
improve their arithmetic.
Run your life m ore effi ci entl y
• Home Acco u n ts, Ke e p i n g tra ck o f yo u r
finances w i th th i s easy-to-use program w i l l
enable you to see at a glance where the money
goes and plan your spending more effectively.
• Telephone Address Pad. Ins ta nt access to
many pages of information.
• Calendar. D i sp l a ys a 3 month calendar past
or future, ideal f o r planning o r tracing p a st
events.
ORDER FORM:
Send Cheque or P.O. wit h order to:—
Dept. 0., Richard Francis Altwasser, 22 Fox hollow, Bar Hill,
Cambridge C83 BEP
Please send me
El Copies Cambridge Colour Collection Book only E6.95 each.
D Copies Cambridge Colour Collection Book Et Cassette
E9. 90 each
Name:
Address:
17
A U TO M AT I C
, Z X 9 9 TA P E CONTROL
The logical extension f o r 0 9 . 9 5
the Sinclair Z3181 giving
data retrieval & word processing
plus P& P
The ZX9 9 Tape Control system is a sophisticated extension to
the Sinclair ZX81 Micro co mp u te r, providing remarkable
additional capabilities, which a llo w both the beginner and
expert access to a professional computing system with o u t the
expected expense.
* D A T A PROCESSING
The ZX9 9 gives you fu ll software control o f up to fo u r tape
decks (t wo fo r reading and t wo fo r writin g ) allowing merging of
data files to update and mo d if y them. This is achieved by using
the remote sockets of the tape decks to control their motors as
commanded by a program.
* P R I N T E R INTERFACE
The 7 X 9 9 has a RS232C interface allowing you direct
connection wit h any such serial p rin te r using the in d u stry
standard ASCII character code (you can now p rin t on plain
paper in upper and lower case and up to 132 characters
per line.)
* M A N Y SPECIAL FEATURES
There are so many different features that it is d iffi cu lt to list
them all:
For example:
A UTOMA TIC TAPE TO TAPE COPY: Yo u can copy any
data file regardless of yo u r me mo ry capacity (a C90 has
approx 200K bytes on it a s it is loaded through the Sinclair
block b y block.
TAPE BL OCK SKIP with o u t destroying the contents of
memory.
DIAGNOSTIC I NFO RMA TI O N to assist in achieving the best
recording settings.
* T A P E DRIVES
We supply quality (screw assembled) computer cassettes.
Please enquire fo r any n o t shown:
PRICE
TOTAL
OTY
ITEM
PRICE
P&P
TOTAL
See left
C5
35p
CIO
37p
C12
38ra
CI5
39p
E312 t o p e Drive
EDITOR 9 9
C20
4Ip
CASSETTE LEAD
C25
43p
C30
44p
Add rturs El 5 0 ta, 10% P &P
COMPREHENSIVE USER M A N U A L
INCLUDED IN PRICE
We now have available " E d ito r-9 9 " , a q u a lity wo rd processing
program including mail•merge, supplied on cassette fo r 0 . 9 5 .
Also, fo llo win g soon will be:
* Stock Co n tro l
•
Order Processing
* Sales Ledger
•
Debtors Ledger
• Business Accounts
•
1
-x A c c o u n t i n g
* C O M P U T E R CASSETTES
OTY
There is an extension board on the rear to plug in yo u r RA M
pack (larger than 1 6 K if required). The u n it is supplied with
one special cassette lead, more are available at E l each
(see below).
* Z X 9 9 SOFTWARE*
We supply (and guaraniee its co mp a ta b ility) a Tape Drive
that wo rks with yo u r computer.
COMPUTER CASSETTES
The ZX 9 9 contains its own 2 K ROM which acts as an extension
to the fi rmwa re already resident in your Z)(8 1 'S own ROM, The
ZX99's ROM contains the tape operating system, whose
functions are accessed via Basic USA fu n ctio n calls. Each
function has an entry address which must be quoted after the
USR keyword. A ll o f the functions can be used in program
statements, o r in immediate commands (i.e. both statements
with line numbers and commands with o u t them).
CASSETTES
Z X99
59 95 295
2 4 0 0 1.00
995
1.00
, 50
ZO
Cheaae PO payable to Storkrot•e Lid
'PM
1
o r
ORDER FORM TO
dato-Offette,
Dept S U 4
. 4 S hr oton S tr e e •
London NW I 6LIG T .
0 - 258 0 4 0 9
Telephone e nque s wekome
NA M E
ADDRESS
,4•01111. Chor ge ten/ Accost/ Visa card no:
SIGNED
18
SI NCLAI R USER Augus l 19112
I .
(Ara&
Colour for OPPLI
Scisoft
maths
Northern fair
'a disaster'
ANNUAL subscriptions
for S inc la ir U s e r a n d
Sinclair Programs a r e
among prizes be ing o f fered in a competition for
the under-1 is. The winner
will be the child who does
the best colouring of the Mike Johnston
cover of the Jungle Maths THE FIRST computer fair
cassette which is produc- for hobbyists t o be held
ed by Scisoft, the educa- outside London was a "disaster". T h a t w a s t h e
tional software house.
The competition is being verdict of the majority of
run jointly by Scisoft and exhibitors a t t h e Z X
Microware. the Leicester Microf air in Manchester.
software a n d ha r dwa r e
A variety o f reasons
retailer. A s we ll a s the were advanced, including
subscriptions, the winner the visit o f the Pope t o
will receive a Microware Manchester the following
voucher.
day; t h e br ight w a r m
Entry for m s w i l l b e Bank Holiday weather': it
given with a copy of the was held at the wrong time
cassette. Entries close on with the Spectrum hangSeptember 30 and the win- ing over the market; and it
ner should be announced was staged at the wrong
in the December issue of venue w i t h t h e N e w
Sinclair User.
Central Hall being on the
wrong s ide o f t he c ity .
where pa r k ing w a s a
problem. The result was
that 2.000 people visited
the show and spent little
money there.
"I think it reflected the
state of the market a nd
there were a fe w things
which we nt against it ."
said the organiser. Mik e
Johnston. " We had about
2.000 people compared to
between 5,000 and 6,000
at the London shows but
we are not talking about
the same catchment area
and if we had held it only
on one day, the attendance
would h a v e b e e n
reasonable.".
A major criticism from
exhibitors wa s t ha t t he
show had not been given
sufficient publicity. Sue
James o f Microware i n
Leicester said that in her
ZX-81 taking off in the States
THE LX-81 i s beginning
to take off in the States.
An agreement between
Sinclair Research and the
American Express credit
card c o m p a n y h a s
resulted i n a fl ood o f
orders for the machine.
The credit c a r d company sent a direct mail offer to its two million cardholders in the U.S. at the
end o f M a y . I n w h a t
Sinclair Research calls "a
very positive response",
2,000 orders were received by noon the day following the offer. In the first
three weeks more t ha n
25.000 orders were sent to
American Express.
S I M: LAM USER Augus t 1982
Total sales from the of- That will not be on sale unfer have been forecast at til this month and Sinclair
50.000 unit s a n d i t i s Research in the U.S. is conthought that may be a con- tinuing to sell the ZX-81
servative estimate.
until the Timex sales reach
The offer wa s agreed a certain level.
Sales of the ZX-81 were
between A m e r ic a n E x 15.000
a month in the U.S.
press a n d S i n c l a i r
Research following a suc- in the early part of the year
cesful test marketing for and i t is estimated tha t
the ZX-81 at the end of last 435,000 ha v e been sold
year. The test market had throughout the world.
Sales in Britain declined
been requested b y t h e
in
A
pr il but a r e said to
credit card company.
The deal does not affect have recovered i n Ma y .
the pla ns b y Tim e x t o The machine is being promarket its enhanced ver- moted i n n e w markets.
sion o f t he ZX-8 1 , t h e Sales a r e going we ll i n
Timex S i n c l a i r 1 0 0 0 . France a n d reasonably
which has a 2K RAM in- well in Germany a nd instead of the normal 1 K . creasing in other markets.
1
9
company's advertisement
in Sinclair User in June the
Manchester M i c r o f a i r
was mentioned a nd t he
company h a d received
many calls fr om people
who had not known about
it.
Johnston r e plie d: " I t
received the same amount
of c o v e r a g e a s t h e
previous London shows,
when we were criticised
for h a v i n g t o o m a n y
people."
He added that he ha d
not be e n deterred from
organising fairs and would
be holding another.
The experience of Manchester does not appear to
have infl ue nc e d c om panies unduly from exhibiting a t s hows outs ide
London. The next two provincial shows were both
reporting a high level of
interest.
Gordon Hewit, a committee m e m be r o f t h e
Edinburgh Z X Computer
Club, which held a fair in
July said that many exhibitors disappointed with the
Manchester s how h a d
turned to them in the hope
of doing better.
"They see Scotland as a
more fertile area and. with
Edinburgh being a good
centre of communications.
we can attract people from
all ov e r t h e c e ntr e o f
Scotland." he said.
On the same weekend
Microfest 82 was held in
Manchester.One o f t h e
organisers, Dave Hewitt,
said t ha t m a ny o f t h e
people had wanted to take
space because it seemed to
be better organised.
Spectrums six weeks late
ALMOST two months after
the launch in a blaze of
publicity at the Earls Court
Computer Fa ir i n A pr il.
Spectrums a t la s t we r e
being delivered i n June.
The delivery dates being
quoted at the launch were
a confident two weeks for
the first orders. According
to Sinclair Research, the
initial delay was caused by
the time needed to have
pr oduc tion r u n n i n g
smoothly.
When the first batch of
16K machines was ready
eventually for despatch at
Lending software
A N EW software library
has been set up to allow
Sinclair users to take advantage of the many items
on the market without having to buy the cassettes.
Membership o f t h e
Sinclair Owners* S of t ware Libr a r y costs E 5 ,
which includes the hire of
the first cassette, Subsequent tapes can be hired at
El for three weeks.
A quarterly newsletter
is also sent to all members,
with details of new additions to the range. The subjects c ov e r e d inc lude
games, educational a n d
toolkit programs.
about t h e beginning o f
June. a design fault was
discovered. N o- one i s
saying what the fault was
but Bill Nichols, Sinclair
Research public relations
officer, said: " I t wa s a
very obscure fault which
would not have shown up
80 or 9 0 percent of the
time."
Once t h a t h a d be e n
dealt with, there was a distribution dispute at Timex.
Nicholls added that delays
of between six and eight
weeks w e r e lik e ly f o r
people who had ordered by
the fi r s t we e k i n June.
After that, delivery should
be down to the standard 28
days.
Sale may
raise E10m
SINCLAIR Research ha s
passed the first hurdle in
the planned sale of shares
in t h e company. I t ha s
passed t h e preliminary
audit commissioned by the
merchant bankers, N M
Rothschild, and the sale is
expected in the autumn.
Rothschild is arranging
the final details, which are
likely to involve selling to
chosen City institutions 10
percent of the company. It
is expected t o raise a t
least E10 million, whic h
would put a valuation of
E100 million on Sinclair
Research but the fi gure
raised c o u l d b e E 2 0
million.
PS
PERSONAL SO FTWARE SERVICES, 112 OLIVER STREET, CO VENT RY CV6 SPE
ZX-81 OWNERS - YOU CAN N O W
LOAD/SAVE 16K IN 26 SECS
WITH THE INCREDIBLE QSAVE PACKAGE FROM PSS
*Verify successful saving of programs *Com patible with your existing recorder
*No hardware modifications needed * N o extra power supply necessary
*No more wasted time waiting for programs to load or save
()SAVE comes in two parts: A HARDWARE —simply plug the CISAVE amplifier/filter between your existing tape reader and
the D<81 (all leads supplied),
B SOFTWARE - Load the ()SAVE cassette before you load a tape or key in a program. You can
then save Er reload a full 16K I including RAMTOP) in only 26 seconds. i.e. a data transfer rate of 4000+ BAUD compared with
only 250 on the standard ZX81_
()SAVE also gives your 2)(.81 a verify function lust like the Spectrum which allows you to check that your programs have saved
properly.
REVOLUTIONISEYOURPROGRAMMINGNOWFOR THE ALL INCLUSIVE PRICEOF E14.90
Make cheques, P/O's payable to PSS Full money back guarantee. Normal delivery within 7-14 days.
ZX SOFTWARE FROM PSS
We pis° have the widest range of high quality software tor Ihe ZX8I ava dabie anywl !ere Whatever your needs we have the program for you
From a superb version of PLICKMAN to a Compiler or a complete wordprocessor package y o u need look no further than PSS In addition
all of our software is available through the ZX Software Library. For a once only payment of t 5,50 you can have any five of our packages 1f10 00
for ten) You take one tape at a time and make your own copies s a v e yourself f 's on list prices. SAE for full (*tads.
20
SI NCLAI R USER A u g u s t 1982
ZX-81. using a program of
the kind 10 INPUT A, 20
PRINT A. SIN A . 3 0 LET
B = SIN A , 4 0 PRINT B ,
COS B and so on. Note that
45 d e g r e e s m u s t b e
converted to Pi14, as the
ZX-81 works in radians,
answer a r r i v e d w i t h and 45 cannot be handled.
commendable speed to the Try a few values and you
effect tha t there wa s a will be amazed and aghast
printing e r r o r i n t h e alternately at the results.
M P Campbell.
program and that line 40
St has, Cambs.
should be terminated with
a comma. I n fa c t, t ha t
makes t he program r un RAM pack
much pr e ttie r t h a n m y
price falls
alteration.
The point is that I have I A M w r i t i n g a b o u t
never seen in your or any Sinclair User June, 1982.
other public a t ion a n y On page 5 you state that
reference to the error and the Sinclair RAM pack has
that is curious — because been reduced to E30. On
250.000 people have not page 10 you say the cheapnoticed i t . o r 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 est R A M pack is that of
people have ignored it. or AVC Software at E32.50.
On pages 20. 42. 54 and
2 5 0,0 0 0 p e o p l e h a v e
60,
y ou advertise R A M
achieved such a level of
programming a bility b y packs for less than E30.
David Clifton,
page 129 that they thought
Beckingham,
it beneath them to dr a w
Doncaster,
S. Yorkshire
attention to it.
The reason I am writing Searle
is to pose the question if
there are other misprints corrects
of which we are unaware? THE JUNE issue of Sinclair
At the very least, I think User contained an article
that it would be very user- about m e b y E ls pe t h
friendly of Sinclair to mail Joiner. T h e ar ticle wa s
a list of errata to all pur- based largely on an interchasers, so freeing people view conducted on April 7,
like myself of a good deal of 1982. prior to the launch of
the Spectrum per sonal
head-scratching.
Finally, a good test of computer. In the article I
am quoted as saying that
pocket c a l c u l a t o r
accuracy over a series of Sinclair Research Ltd will
functions is to find the Sin launch a not he r s m a ll
of 45 degrees. than find the computer this year. I was,
Cos.Tan, ArcTan. ArcCos in fact, referring t o the
and A r c S i n o f e a c h then i m m i n e n t Z X
successive result, hoping Spectrum.
Sinclair Research L t d
that i t w i l l y i e l d t h e
answer 45 degrees again. has no plans to announce
In m y experience, Casio new personal computers
calculators, for example, in 1 9 8 2 .
Nigel Searle,
yield a n error of ha lf a
Head
of
Computer
Division.
percent w h i l e S inc la ir
Sinclair
Research
Ltd.
calculators yield an error
Cambridge
of 33 percent. Try it on the
Contest too difficult
I A M writing to complain and t h a t t h e gr a phic s
about the competition in character o n K E Y 3 i s
your June issue. W h a t missing?
I have found out that the
annoys me most is that the
amount of people entering missing character has the
this competition is limited code 135 and that the one
to those who have a fair printed i s wr ong. T h e
amount of knowledge about character with code 135 is
electronics a n d c om - =
Mark Colson.
puters. a n d t h a t m us t
Horncastle,
Lincs.
surely b e a small pe r centage of your readers.
Misprint
As this is a magazine for
all Sinclair users, surely a problems
competition which every- SEVERAL MONTHS ago I
one could enter would be finally bought a ZX-81 and
pr om ptly s e t a b o u t
more appropriate?
Admittedly. t h e Spec- mastering the manual. All
trum i s a n outstanding went well until I reached
prize but if it is so good, page 1 2 9 , Ex e r c is e 4 ,
why not give everyone a prophetically e n t i t l e d
This one will drive you
chance of winning one?
mad".
Try as I might. every
Despite the complaint. I
think y our magazine i s time I entered the program
excellent, so continue the and tried to run it, I would
be greeted with error code
good work.
Philip Morris. 5/90 or 5/150, or 5/210 if I
Langford, Nr Bristol pressed "Cr.
After some thought. i t
• There are two reasons occurred to me tha t the
why we decided to base lines of the program the
the June competition on a machine w a s tr y ing t o
hardware application. The execute when the report
previous two had been for codes appeared were a ll
software and we thought it PRINT statements. T h a t
better to set something for meant the machine wa s
those with an interest in
t o execute those
hardware. Second. we do trying
commands b u t h a d
not share your view that insufficient screen space
people with a knowledge of to do so.
the electronics o f comThe ne x t thing whic h
puters comprise only a occurred to me was that a
small percentage of our SCROLL instruction h a d
readership.
gone wrong somewhere. so
I then set about jamming-in
Character
extra s c r oll statements
error
where I could. Finally. I
HAVE YOU noticed tha t found t ha t 4 2 SCROLL
CHRS 7 a n d 1 3 5 a r e made the program work.
When I wrote to Sinclair
printed as the same charato
point t h i s o u t , t h e
cter in the ZX-81 manual
SINCLAIR USER August 1982
21
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Can you outwit them.
At the touch of Akey Scan the galaxy at long and short range to plan
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CHARACTE R P RO G RAMME R L5 •5 0
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You can define characters using a X64 Main,
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22
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Memotech Limited, 3 Collins Street, Oxford 0X4 1XL, England Tel. Oxford (0865) 722102 Telex: 837220 Orchid G
SINCLAER USER A u g u s t 1982
23
JAL.
pression is certainly not new.
as it has been used in various
e t t
forms for a long time in mainframe
co mp u te rs. T h e p r o c e s s o f •
increasing the number of valid and
unambiguous d a t a c h a r a c t e r s i n t o
which c a n b e stored i n a given
i
n
a
g
a
q
p i n t
u
p
a
o
r
t
t
m
emoryareacanbeachievedeither D.J. Todorovic considers data code cornby reducing the number of bits used
todescribeeachdatacharacter—pression by changing character codes
i.e., b y changing t h e ch a ra cte r
codes or by reducing the number of
redundant a n d insignifi cant d a ta
c h a r a c te r s s u c h a s s p a c e
characters.
The routines described a re one
10
20
25
30
40
50
0
70
80
90
100
110
120
ED: "
130
example o f a former approach on
the ZX-131 but with practical value
on machines with more than I K o f
RAM.
As i t is true fo r all compression
RE M * * Z X 8 1 T E X T COMP ACTE R**
R E M C. G T H 1 9 • 8 2
L E T 14: = 1
I N P U T T $
I F T $="EVIE" T H E N S T O P
P R I N T " T E X T : "
T
GO3 U5 8 0
I F K.0
THE N GOTO 1 1 0
P R I N T " E RROR " T $
P R I N T
T B
f e 3 5 + C ) " G R R P H I C
G
G
P
C
P
OTO 3 0
OSUB 8 2 0 5
R I N T L E N C $ ; "
. $
R I N T L E N T $ ; "
C H .
COMPRESS
C H .
E X P RNDE D
140 GOTO 0 0
8 0 0 0 RE M 44COMPRESS R O U T I N E * *
8 0 0 5 F AS T
8 0 1 0 L E T C $ =
8—0 2 0 L E T T $ = T $ +
8 0 3 0 FO R C= 1 T O L E N T $ - 2 S TE P 3
—
"3 0 4 0 L E T X = 0
(3 D
S RL E8 = 0 T O 2
0 5O0 U FI O
S
P
R
8 0 6 0 L E T C K =EC O )D E T $ f E k + C )
8
" 0 7 0 L E T P:=1 -Pf4 ;*(1 .2 5 A N D K q 8 4 ) - 2
6 * (K < > 0 )
3 0 8 0 I F
K = 0 THE N RETURN
8090 LE T x =x +K*s to**e
24
8 1 0 0 NE X T B
8 1 1 0 L E T C$=C$i-CHR$ I X . 1 2 8 6 + . 8 )+ C
HR$ I X - 2 5 6 * I N T f X 2 5 e . 0 )
3 1 2 0 NE X T C
5 1 2 5 SLOW
8 1 3 0 RE TURN
5 2 0 0 RE M * * E X P RND R O U T I N E * *
8 2 0 5 F RS T
8 2 1 0 L E Y T $ = "
8
- 2 2 0 FO R C = 1 T O L E N CS S TE P 2
a
-$ ( C t l )
8 2 4 0 L E T X 3 = I N T f X / 1 6 0 0 1
l8 2 5 0 L E T X = X — X 3 * 1 8 0 0
o2 5 0 L E T X 2 = I N T
8
8 2 7 0 L E T X1=X—X2*4-0
L
e 2 8 0 L E T T$ =T$ 4 -CHR$ 1 4 . 2 4 RNE X
E
1-11+ C H R $ (X 2 4 -2 4 R N D X 2 - 1 4 - C H R S
T( X 3 + 2 4 R N D ) c 3 - 1
3 2 0 NE X T C
X
=8 2 9 5 S L O W
3300 RE TURN
2
5
5
*
S
I
N
C
C
L
methods, there must be a kind o f
trade-off. In this case, besides the
increased processing requirements
due to the existence o f compactor
routines, th e re i s a l so a serious
restriction on usable character set;
usable s e t i s l i m i t e d t o 3 9
characters, including letters A-Z,
digits - 9 , two special characters —
comma and period — and a space.
All o th e r ch a ra cte rs, i n cl u d i n g
special, g r a p h i c a n d i n v e r s e
characters, a r e i l l e g a l a n d a r e
flagged as such i f submitted to the
compression routine.
On th e o th e r hand, compactor
routines are providing the compression ratio of 2:3. so the compressed
text w i l l occupy only two-thirds o f
the area required b y the original
text. Bearing in mind character-set
limitations, the routines either may
reduce the required memory area or
provide a 5 0 percent increase o f
usable text length.
As the space savings should be
greater than the space occupied by
compactor routines — 314 bytes for
compress and 282 bytes fo r expand
— the approach is beneficial only on
larger amounts of text data — more
than 2.000 characters — as such
programs compactor routines might
improve si g n i fi ca n tl y t h e sp a ce
utilisation and increase the amount
of text stored.
The test program shown in figure
one, up to line 140. is only to demonstrate compactor routines and to
print the results after each step. It
will solicit the input string text and
the operation may be terminated by
inputting "BYE". It also contains a
small e rro r routine, which is used
only i f the input te xt contains an
invalid ch a ra cte r — i .e ., r e tu r n
fro m c o m p r e s s r o u t i n e w i t h
A
IR USER A u g u s t 1982
compactor
routines
variable K not greater than°. In that
case input te xt is printed w i th the
invalid ch a ra cte r fl agged u n d e rneath with an inverse "? ".
Routines fo r text compression at
line 8000 and expansion at line13200
are b o th designed t o operate i n
FAST mode and revert to SLOW just
before r e tu r n i n g t o t h e m a i n
program. B y omitting lines 8005,
8125, 8205 a n d 8295. t h e o p e rational mode of these routines will
be as set in the main program. Compactor routines use th e following
variables:
TS — string w h i c h co n ta i n s t h e
original te xt, as an input fo r
the compress routine, o r the
expanded text, as an output
from the expand routine.
CS — string w h i c h co n ta i n s t h e
compressed text as an output
from the compress routine or
an i n p u t f o r t h e e x p a n d
routine. Note th a t PRINT o f
this string may be unreadable
and l o o k l o n g e r t h a n t h e
original te x t, depending o n
the bit pattern obtained in the
compression, w h i c h m a y
produce a n y o f th e ZX-61
character codes.
C c u r r e n t token position within
the original text.
B c u r r e n t position within a text
token — th r e e ch a ra cte rs
from the original text.
current valid character code.
There are 39 valid characters
mapped starting fro m 1 f o r
space and values 2 to 39 are
assigned f o r ZX-81 ch a ra cters from comma to Z. Values
equal to or less than zero are
SI NCLAI R USER Augus t 1982
returned to the main program
if th e compress routine encounters an invalid character
on position B + C fr o m t h e
start of the original text. Note
that this variable must be preset to t in the main program—
line 25 — before calling the
compress routine to cope with
empty input text.
X. X l , X3. X3 — used in the transformation p ro ce ss t o c a l culate character codes.
The 0.5 offset which is used in line
8110 i s t o p ro vi d e t h e c o r r e c t
rounding-up for the CHRS function.
Also note in line 8280 the use of logic
AND, which would provide expan-
characters, w h i c h th e re fo re a r e
declared a s a va l i d se t f o r compactor routines.
To optimise th e transformation
process. more-often-used ch a ra cters s h o u l d b e p l a c e d a t t h e
beginning of the string SS. String S$
as defined on line 26 of figure two is
using th e same va l i d s e t a s th e
routines from figure one. There are
also some changes in the compress
and expand routine but the solution
from fi gure two would require the
definition o f the string S$ i n both
programs. i f t h e compress a n d
expand r o u ti n e s a r e u s e d i n
separate programs.
The idea o f te xt compacting as
shown i n fi gure tw o might be enhanced and the valid character set
enlarged b y making S$ th e string
array. Of course, as we need some
additional i n d e xi n g w i t h i n t h a t
string a r r a y w h i c h w i l l e n a b l e
switching fr o m o n e stri n g a r r a y
element to the other, it will be at the
expense o f the compression ratio,
which will be less effective.
The ro u ti n e s c a n b e u se d t o
compress te xt data which is to be
stored together with a program on
the cassette and are therefore very
usable in programs handling direc-
28 L E T 5 $ =
9 A—
5CDEFGHIJKLMNOPOR5TUVUXYZ,.
7
I F K “1 -0 THE M GOTO 1 1 0
— ( 0
R RC E
5 0 6 05 PF O
K =) 1 T O 3 9
307
+ C = 3 $ K
T H E N GOTO
—0 I F T $
809
+0
8080 NE X T K
- 5 RE TURN
808
528
0 01 2
L E0 T4 -T 5$ =8 T S + 5 $ ( X 1 ) + $ ( X 2 ) + 5 $ (
X 3 )7 8
sion w i th I mapped a s a space
character. Use of the logic function
is also obvious in line 8070, where
different non-contiguous values are
assigned to *ariable K.
When th e character se t i s n o t
entirely sa ti sfa cto ry th e r e i s a
possible modifi cation, s h o w n i n
figure two. This is the solution used
normally on ASCII-coded machines
— remember th a t ZX-81 i s not —
and involves the use of a conversion
string SS. That is a user-definable
string w h i c h a l s o co n ta i n s 3 9
characters — as the previous restriction s t i l l h o l d s — b u t i t i s
possible to put in any combination of
tories and indices. It is also possible
to handle in a similar way the readonly text as. after entering it, compressing and storing in arrays, such
programs do not need the compress
routine. So before such a program is
saved on the cassette, the compress
routine may be deleted, as in normal
use the program will need only the
expand routine to prepare the data
to be PRINTed.
Besides f u r t h e r s a v i n g s i n
memory space, this method provides
additional security benefits, since
the LOADed program w i l l contain
text data which cannot be modified
easily without the compress routine.
25
THE
BUFFER
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(NEXT TO STREATHAM STATION)
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ZX81
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LOADING PROBLEMS? TRY OUR INTERFACE
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Tel: 01- 769 2887
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The Book for the ZX81 Enthusiast.
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26
ch.1
Buyingyour first
ZXcomputer?
Lookingfor
M
SPECTRUMsoftware?
Wanttoexpand
C yourZX81?
Needtechnical
R advice?
O
P
A I 4th
R
Whatever the problem you'll find the answer at the 1X Prticrolair—
the user friendly show exclusively for ZY Computers.
With the growing range of ZX products now available you'll want to
choose the best. Now you can see for yoursell and try them all out
Chat with the experts before you buy (there's a whole section for
local user groups) or just browse through the new books and
magazines.
Yu can see demonstrations, displays and many new products
Youcan even sell your micro or pick up a bargain at the bring-and
buy sale
The Westminster Exhibition Centre is large enough to see it all in
comfort—without queuing!
Whateveryour interest —hobby,/ home. business or educational,
there's lots to see at the Microfair
Socome along to the ZX event of the yearand make the most
of your Sinclair Computer
,
Admission Adel! 60p, Child i under 14) 40c
Advance tickets from
Mike Johnston 11 Palk Lane
London t ill OK (Enclose S t )
ZXMCROHIIR
Oneday ,
August21st.Westminster
Exhibition Centre
10am
(RoyalHorticultural
SocietyNewHall)
t o
Greycoat Street,LondonSW1.
6 p
r
Nearest
itleArctone
or StJame Park.
n .
SINCLAIR USER A u g u st 1982
starting from
scratch
16K RAM pack. The tapes vary in
quality. It is advisable to read the
reviews i n Sinclair User and use
your judgment to find the best.
•
An alternative method to learn
about the ZX-81 is to plunge in at the
deep end and see what the computer
will do. Refer to the manual when
you have difficulties. You can ignore
the func tions a n d calculations
initially and experiment with PRINT
statements to obtain the feel of the
machine.
You m a y ha v e he a r d already
about t h e pr oble m involved i n
SAVEing a nd LOADing your own
cassettes. The manual again gives
detailed instructions but many of
the e a r ly machines would n o t
start of a lifetime obsession T h e manual is written in great accept tapes from some recorders.
B
with home computing. I t is de t a il a nd is reasonably easy t o That problem is said to have been
U sy , howeve r, t o b e c o m e f ollow. Some of the chapters may not overcome but there can still be diffiea
discouraged if everything does not s e e m immediately relevant but it is culties.
Y
Igo to plan from the beginning, w o r t h w h i l e reading them a s you
They u s u a l l y o c c u r w h e n
For
those
w
i
t
h
only
a
lit
t
le
m
ight
miss
something
whic
h
i
s
LOADing tapes recorded by other
N
knowledge of computers and their important.
people. One simple method to overG
capabilities, t h e be s t w a y t o P a t i e n c e is needed at that stage to come this is to wind the tape to the
aapproach the ZX-81 is to abandon l e a r n t h e wa y s i n w h i c h t h e
middle o f the program a nd type
Zany ideas for special uses. While the computer will accept information. It LOAD" " followed by NEWLINE:
X
basic machine is ideal for learning i s tempting to try to enter programs then slowly increase the volume of
-how louse computers, it is too small be f or e you are really ready but that the recorder with the tape running
8for any major uses. It is better to i s likely t o le a d t o errors. F o r until the television screen shows
1become accustomed t o the many example, words like AND, THEN, four or five thick horizontal black
facilities and then decide how you a n d AT should not be typed-in letter bands. If you then re-wind the tape.
cwish to ue them.
b
y
letter. B y the time you have
a Begin by unpacking the machine, r e a c he d chapter 1 1 . y ou should the program should LOAD normally.
Finally, a health warning. Apart
novercoming your surprise at its size h a v e accumulated sufficient knowfrom any practical uses, computing
band we ight a nd. following t h e le dge to be able to type-in other with your Z X
emanual, set up the system. I f you people's programs, such as those in -taining hobby a n d i s a lm os t
t cannot get the K on the screen. Sinc la ir U s e r a n d Sinclair Pr o- 8certainly
habit-forming. You may
1
hcheck tha t everything is plugged grams, without too much difficulty. ceasily
a nfind yourself crouched over
einto its correct socket and re-set the I t is important that when using the b
youremachine, red-eyed. in the early
tA m a ct h i n e by pulling-out the power m a c hine it is not jolted. Some of the hours of the morning, thinking that
plug for a second and try tuning-in connections can easily work loose a
five minutes you will sort
i again, If still nothing appears. check a n d everything which has been put vin another
e
r
out the problem.
d the power supply unit by shaking it. i n will be lost.
y Try to break that habit by getting
y If it rattles, return it. If it is satis- T h e manual is not to everyone's einto nthe fresh
air and meeting other
t
t factory, check your system with that t a s t e and if you find it difficult to eSinclair
users.
r f
o l l o w ,
a number of books on the
r of a friend,
By obtaining a ZX-81 you find that
a Once the K appears you are ready m a r k e t can help you. Find the one you have joined a not very exclusive
club w i t h m a ny thousands o f
i to begin learning about the ZX-81. It w h i c h suits you best.
can save family arguments if you A s a way of relaxing. you can buy members, many of whom would be
l can afford a separate television set s om e o f t h e gr owing r a nge o f
i for your system. It also makes life commercially-produced software. only too happy to advise you if you
have difficulties.
n easier if you can find somewhere to T h a t can be loaded directly from
Make sure of your regular copies
g leave your equipment set up per- cassette but make sure that your of S inc la ir U s e r a n d Sinc la ir
l manently. You will find that a few m a c hine is big enough to take the Programs a nd you can be guarane power sockets are needed and a ta pe s y ou buy . The r e a r e some teed many happy hours with your
a four-way block connector on a short programs for the imexpanded 1K Sinclair machine.
d length of extension cable will help to machine but most of them require a
27
s SINCLAIR USER Augus t 19/J2
.
Come to the ZX-81 with a clear mind to
make the best use of your new machine.
Lifetime's obsession can
easily be acquired
FULLER FD SYSTEM E39.95
Professional Keyboard & Case for Sinclair ZX81 & ZX Spectrum
The n fi l fits inside
The t o u g h A B S i n j e c ti o n m o u l d e d
plastic ca se measures 8 " x 1 4 " x 2
1
and
h o o k s u p t o y o u r Z X p r i n te d
ci
/ 2rcu
" i t board in minutes. N o technical
know h o w or so l d e ri n g i s required.
The Z r I S K Memory Module will fi x
inside t h e c a s e , u s i n g t h e n e w
Ad a p to r B o a r d a t E 9 . 7 5 o r t h e
Mo th e rb o a rd .
By removing th e ZX PSU fro m its case
this ca n a l so b e fi xe d inside. We will
carry o u t th e installation w o rk fre e o f
charge i f re q u i re d .
KEYBOARD LAYOUT:
All th e Si n cl a i r ZX81 ke ys are duplicated on o u r layout, with e xtra sh i ft and new
line keys. Th e professional m o m e n ta r y a cti o n ke y sw i tch e s have a guaranteed
life o f 1 0
money
b a ck guarantee.
6
o p e r
a t i o
n s .
T
h
e
u
n
i
t
i
s
f
INSTALLATIONu
MOTHERBOARD:
Simply u n scre wl th e ZX p ri n te d ci rcu i t b o a rd fr o m
We also ma n u fa ctu re a mo th e r board w h i ch allows
its ca se and scre
l w i t i n to th e FD Case.
expansion t o t h e Z X m e m o r y a n d 1 / 0 fa ci l i ti e s
y
WITH IN th e case, as well as o u r p o w e r su p p l y u n i t
and re se t sw i tch .
b
u
i
AD Code z X t 1 1 1
Amount
Price t O t y
l
39.95
Fuller F D System 42 Keyboard & case
t
15.95
FD System Motherboard
t
29.95
e
FD 16K. Memory Module
s
78.95
FD 64K. Memory Module
t
o
12,95
FD PSU 9 Volts at 2 amp.
e
•-• o
FD S h i p p i n g a n d H a n d l i n g
2
.
5
0
d
cP1"•:,
Mail
a to FULLER MICRO SYSTEMS,
•(.0 0
The
n ZX Centre, Sweeting Street. Liverpool 2. England, U.K,
SAE
f or more details — Enquiries Te l 051-236 6109
•
d
'00
L
4
P N°•-•a m c e
3 C
o 02,
o
Address
m
City/State/Zip
e
s
28
S
E
N
C
L
A
I
R
USER A u g u s t 1982
c
toolkit
routines
•
Phil Garrett looks at routines which can
assist in writing tidier systems.
Basic toolkits can help
put polish on programs
ZX-81 ut ilit y programs
W
with the editor, he was disH
appointed t h a t a l l t h e de bug
E
programs operate only in machine
code and that the Basic programmer
N
Iis left to sink or swim. While it is true
that there is nothing available to
d
help unravel the mess of tortured
ilogic in which my Basic programs
sfinish, there are several programs
cwhich add extra facilities as they
uare written. and can make them look
sneater afterwards.
s Even a program which is a jumble
eof embedded subroutines a n d
GOTOs e v e r y ot he r statement
d
looks well-planned when all the line
rnumbers increase i n te ns . R e enumbering is probably the main
vreason for the purchase of a toolkit
i program a nd is the only function
eincluded in every one a t which I
wlooked. The range of other functions
i offered is very wide and some of
them seem to have been put in just to
n
make a .
gstantial, rather than because they
0 r og
are
r a useful.
m
Hewson Consultants offers two
a p
programs, a s t r a ight f or wa r d
p
e
Renumber
and a more sophisticated
aToolkit.
r
Both can be used on ZX-81s
m
with either the standard 16K RAM
oor wit h the increasingly-popular
r48K a nd 64K R A M packs. The y
erequire the user to re-set RAMTOP
sbefore the program is loaded, which
u
bSINCLAIR USER Augus t 1982
can be annoying. especially when
you forget to do it.
Renumber takes I K and a USR
call re-numbers your Basic program
in steps of five, starting from 5 .
Other values for the step size and
starting number can be POKEd in
and it will always re-number to the
end of the program. The routine took
about 50 seconds in Fast mode to renumber 5K of Basic.
A problem with which all the renumbering programs have to cope
somehow is the very useful but very
non-standard Sinclair GOTO — and
GOSUB. Our GOTO 1000 + 100*A
and GOSUB X are seen in few, if any,
other dialects of Basic, and are too
To r e t u r n t o t h e H e w s o n
Renumber, computed GOTOs a nd
jumps to non-existent lines are highlighted in reverse video after renum be r ing. T h e a r i t h m e t i c
expressions — e . g . , G O S U B
1000 + INT (113*RND + 1) — c a n
appear rather distorted, so it would
be as we ll to have a copy of the
original program to which to refer.
Hewson's Programmers' Toolkit
requires 3 K above RAMTOP and
includes routines to copy or delete
blocks of Basic lines and a number
of machine code monitor functions.
The re-number works in much the
same way as the previous program,
except that an end number can also
be given; the numbers are prompted
for, rather than having to be POKEd
in. The Toolkit seems t o consist
mainly of lines of Basic starting from
9000, which are added to your own
Basic program with a USR call. RUN
9000 will then run the Toolkit, which
displays a menu of functions. There
is a hexadecimal loader and lister
and a routine to copy bytes from one
place to another. More useful are
the functions which can display the
line numbers of lines containing a
particular string of characters or
tokens you wa nt t o fi nd — e.g.,
computed GOTOs — and REPLACE.
which allows a string of characters
to b e exchanged f or another o f
equal length. Both routines are slow
to execute.
I did not find the program very
'All re-numbering programs have to cope
with the very useful, but very nonstandard, Sinclair GOTO and GOSUB.'
sophisticated f or a re-numbering
program to cope with, so have to be
tinkered with afterwards.
Another non-standard feature is
the jum p t o a non-existent line
number; S inc la ir B a s ic s im ply
continues looking until it finds a line,
whereas most Basics will stop with
an error if the line does not exist. A
measure of the usefulness of a renumbering p r o g r a m i s w h a t
assistance i t gives t o t he pr ogrammer i n r e s olv ing t h o s e
difficulties.
robust: the hex lister did not work,
the r e -num be r duplic a te d l i n e
numbers when I set the increment
too large, and the program crashed
several times. The instructions for
both pr ogr a m s a r e b r i e f , b u t
adequate. Renumber costs E4.95
and Programmers' Toolkit E6.50.
The IR S Software Toolkit also
requires the user to re-set RAMTOP
and takes 1K. A great deal has been
packed into that 1K but ease of use
continued on p30
29
continued from p.29
seems to have fallen by the wayside.
The re-number requires a ll statements such a s GOTO 2 5 t o b e
changed to GOTO 0025 before it will
work. Computed GOTOs and jumps
to non-existent lines a r e ignored
completely. Starting line and increment can be changed with POKEs
and the routine took eight seconds to
re-number 5K.
There i s a s e a r c h- a nd- lis t
function which could be used to find
all occurences o f GOTOs a n d
GOSUBs, s o t ha t they could b e
changed t o the required format.
There are also search and replace
and memory left routines, plus three
graphics routines. Hyper graphics
mode alters the start address of the
ZX-81 R OM character table a nd
produces interesting but useless
effects; Fill fills a specified number
of lines with a chosen character;
and Reverse inverts as many lines
on the screen as required.
At E4.95 the program demands a
great deal of care and effort from
the user, which surely is not the
mean a complete crash, not just stop
— i f i t encounters a computed
GOTO or jump to a non-existent line
number.
The other ACS cassette contains
Progmerge. which allows all or part
of a Basic program t o be stored
above RAMTOP and then merged
with a second program, the whole
lot then being re-numbered. The instructions did not indicate what size
of program could be stored and a 3K
program I tried was too big. The renumbering, which can be run on its
own, has the same limitations as the
toolkit Renumber.
I was impressed with the ACS
assembler a n d dis a s s e m ble r
programs and so I was surprised at
the poor quality of its re-number
routine, which could be used only
with the utmost care. The instructions a r e c le a r , w i t h he lpf ul
examples. ProgstoretToolkit costs
E7.50, and Progmerge E5.50.
ACS, however, has now brought
out Progmerge (version two) which is
said to have overcome the problems.
The program costs E5.50 and anyone
insert a REM into the offending line
and c o n t i n u e w i t h t h e r e numbering. Impressively, jumps to
non-existent tine numbers will be
re-numbered correctly e.g.. 5 REM
15 REM 25 GOTO 10 will become 10
REM 20 REM 30 GOTO 20. It took
less than one second to re-number
5K of Basic.
Find will display the lines — not
just the line numbers — containing a
specified string, so it can be used to
find the REM GOTO X lines after renumbering, and Alter will replace a
string. Blocks of lines can be copied,
moved o r deleted, stored above
RAMTOP a n d re-inserted i n t o
another program. Bytes tells you the
amount of free memory remaining.
It is a most impressive program,
fast in execution, with clear and full
instructions, a n d he lpful e r r or
codes. A t E6.95 f or the cassette
version and E9.95 for a n EPROM
version, it stands out from the rest of
the field.
Unfortunately I wa s unable t o
load the last program, the Bug-Bytes
ZXTK a nd the replacement copy
arrived too late lobe included in this
review, which is a pity as it has some
unusual functions. Sniff displays
the fi le names of programs on a
Z.X-81 tape t h a t is useful if you've
forgotten them; Whe r e gives the
address where a Basic line starts in
memory; Rem creates a REM statement o f specified length; Check
generates a check number to ensure
a program has loaded correctly. In
addition, it has Renumber — which
highlights c om pute d a n d n o n existent line GOTOs — Copy, Move.
Extract — place above RAMTOP —
and merge blocks of Basic. ZXTK
costs E6.
'ZXED is a most impressive program, fast
in execution, w i t h c l e a r a n d f u l l
instructions and helpful error codes'
purpose for which utility programs
are intended.
The A C S Softwa r e Progstore
allows a small — fewer than 2.750
bytes — Basic program to be stored
above RAMTOR The program can
then be called, with USR, and acts
rather like a subroutine. Any variables used i n the stored program
must already exist.
On the other side of the tape are
four small Toolkit programs which
can b e us e d w i t h Pr ogs tor e .
Hexioader a n d H e x lister a r e
obviously fillers and a waste of time;
no addresses are shown, so it is difficult to interpret what appears on
the screen. Progmod-1 allows larger
programs t o b e s tor e d a bov e
RAMTOP by modifying Progstore.
Renumber works only in steps of 10
from line 1 0 and, incredibly, the
entire program will crash — and I
30
S
I
N
with the first version who wants it
updating can have it done by ACS at
a cost of El plus 25p for postage and
packing.
At 4K, the dK'tronics MED toolkit
is bigger than the others and re-sets
R A MTOP a ut om a t ic a lly . T h e
program is controlled from six lines
of Basic 9990-9996 which are added
to your program with a USR call;
RUN 9990 starts the toolkit a nd
gives an inverse E prompt, waiting
for one of 11 commands. Whichever
is chosen, f ull prompts a r e given
and, i f anything goes wrong, 1 0
special error codes will identify why
and where it happened.
Renumber prompts for start and
end line numbers, ne w base a nd
increment. It then looks through the
Basic and if it encounters a computed GOTO it will stop with report
"Q/line no." . The user can then
C
L
A
Hewson Consul tants, 7 , Gr ahame Cl ose,
Blewbury, Didcot, Oxon OX11 90E
JRS Software, 19, Wayside Avenue, Worthing.
Sussex BN13 111).
ACS Software, 7, Lidgett Crescent, Roundhay,
Leeds LS8 1HN
dIctronics, 23, Sussex Road, Gorleston, Great
Yarmouth, Norfolk.
Bug Byte Software, 98-100 The Albany, Old
Wall Street, Liverpool L3 9EP.
I
R
USER Augus t 1982
1
with keys 1 and Q, and fire
M
at the oncoming tank with0
A
before it can nail you with its own
N
weapon.
O A simple b u t effective game,
submitted by A S Gale of Exeter.
E
Perhaps its most distinctive feature
U
is that it manages to produce both
V
flicker-free graphics and an enemy
R
which fights back — and that on a
E
11( ZX-81. Graphics notes:
y 40 — Graphic A
o128 — Inverse minus. Inverse O.
graphic 5, space.
u
150 — Inverse shifted M
r
190 — Graphic 4. graphic 2
B199 — Inverse space
a200 — Space. shifted M
z240 — Inverse shifted j
o400 — Asterisk, 0 , graphic A
o500 — Shifted H
k600 — Inverse BOOM
a
• .
•
4
6,
W
•
SINCLAW USER Augus t 1982
A
A
to L E T A = P
2 0 L E T C =P I - P i
30 L E T 5 = C
4 0 L E T 6 =CODE 5
U 0V L E T X = U A L " 1 0 0 "
5 0 L E T Y =CODE " C O 5
70 L E T Z = V A L " 5 0 0 "
1012; C L 5
1 0 5 L E T F = I N T t RNE
1
"
, 1 +0 - LCE OT DG E= C O D E "
1
2
8
P
R
I
N
T
A
T
G
.
;
"CI P I "
"1 3 0 T L E "T G = G
) 4 0 I F G = C T H E N G OT O X
1
1 5 0 P R I N T A T E i - A , C; " " A T i - A „ C
" " ; A T B
155 L E T D =
1 5 0 I F I N K E Y i t=" 1" T H E N L E T 6 = 6 170
18
19
" •"
19
2 0
21
2 2
23
0
0
T
9
0
0
0
0
I F
I NKEY$="co"
T H E N
L E T
6 = 5 +
I F I N K E Y $ = " 0 " T H E N GCI TO
I F I N T I . R N D * CODE " a " ) = C O D E
H E N G O 5 U5
GOT 0 CODE " a "
P R I N T A T B D. ;
L E T D = D +A
I F D G THE N GOT 0
I F B = F AND D= G THE N GOTO
+
2 4 0 GOTO CO DE "15"
4 0 0
PR I N T A T
„
+ A ;
405 P R I N T A T F , G + A , "
4 10 L E T 5 = 5 -A
420 GOT 0 X
5 0 0 P R I N T A T
G
- Ft ; " 1 = B
THE N GO
*5 . 1 0 I F
5
- 20 RE TURN
5 0 0 P R I NT A T 6 .
" M O M "
T
6O
1 0 P ZR I N T 5
" T A N K S H I T "
t
a
V.,
l
i
s
l
a
‘
31
WI MMI EF
KE Y S 5 A N D
CURS O R
KE Y
0
8
CONTROL THE
RELEASES
THE TORPEDO
1 R EM Ina fi la lls IA M A a llgr e
2 LET X =0
n. L E T X 1 = 0
3
N
-
4 LE T V=10
5 LET U=1 5
8 LET HI T5 . 1 5 6
9 FOR N=1 0 TO 2 1
10 P R N T A T N 0 .
15 N E
16 P R I N T A T 2 1 , 0 ; M
TO
I T
P OA 1
I 9
I M
1 7I G
0
11 81 5
L E5 T1 /X = X + 1
19 I F 1 = 0 T H E N L E T ' O = X
21 L E T X=X-X* (X=301_4-30* (X11, -1)
30 P RI NT AT 0 , X ; " W 3 1- I F X = 2 9 T H E N P R I N T A T 0 , 2 9 ;
32 LET X 1 =X 1 4 . ( I NKE Y $ =- 8 - ) - ( I NK
35 I F X 1 < 0 THE N L E T X 1 = 0
34 I F X l > 2 8 THEN LET X 1 =2 8
35 P RI NT AT 20,X1;11110.
3
- 6 I F V =2 8 THEN LET U=I NT ( RND
* 9)411
40 LE T V=V4-1
41 LE T V = I N T V - V * ( v . 2 9 ) + 2 9 * ( u =
- V ) 42 P R I N T
AT
W, V;-MI NEMI r
m i t i r V =2 8 THEN PRI NT AT U, 2 8 ,
44 I F I NKE Y $ =- 0 - THEN LET M=1
46 I F M = 1 T H E N GOTO 1 0 0
50 GOTO 1 8
100 LE T X 0 = X 1
-1 01 0 L E T Y = 2 1
120 LE T Z=ABS X 0
100 I F ABS Y > Z THEN LE T Z=ABS Y
140 LE T F= F+ 1
142 LE T FR= ( U= H) 4 . ( ) = I NT G*0)4.(t.)
4 2 = I NT G+C))4-(V4. 3=I NT 0 4 - 2 )
143 I F F R > = 2 THE N GOTO 21400
145 I F H< = 9 THEN P RI NT AT H . G * 0
hunt ga m e . s ubm itte d b y
T
M Thurston of Manchester. in
Hwhich a torpedo is dropped from a
I patrolling aircraft and homes-in cm
Sthe cursor C. The cursor is manI oeuvred so that it draws the torpedo
into the path of the submarine.
S Since the movements o f three
a separate points — submarine
d ,craft
a i rand
- torpedo — must be cori related, a high degree of skill is
s involved. In addition, the depth of
t the submarine varies by a random
i value. The graphics are strong and
(1 6 K ZX-81). Graphics
n pleasing.
notes:
c 10 —Thirty-two inverse spaces.
t
30 — Space. inverse shifted M.
l
35 — Inverse space. inverse C.
inverse space.
y
42 — Inverse space. graphic G.
t
graphic H. graphic G.
o
Inverse space.
p
43 — Four inverse spaces.
i 149 — Inverse asterisk.
c 151 — Space.
a 152 — Inverse space.
412 — Five graphic Hs.
l
s 413 — Five inverse spaces.
u
b
-
1 4 a I F H ) = 1 0 THE N P R I N T A T H, G4.
0 ;
1 5 1- I F H < = 9 T H E N P R I N T P T M , G + G )
E 152 I F H>=1 0 THEN P RI NT A T H, G +
rO ;
60 LE T G=04. X0/ Y
- 1
170 LET H=1
M -l a s I F F ‘ 2 - 1 T H E N G O T O 1 8
0 LET M=0
r 11 9
XT G =0
1 49 1- Y L/ E
192 LE T H= 0
194 L E T C = 0
1S5 L E T F = 0
2 0 0 GOTO l e
400 RE M SCORE
410 LET HI T5=HI T54-2
411 FOR N=1 TO 2 0
412 PRI NT AT U
413 PRI NT AT W, V;
p4 1 4 N E X T N
4 2; 0 1 P1 R1I N1 T1 A
V
. T 2 1 , 1 2 ; CHR$ HI TS
4 3 0 I F H r T 5 = 1 6 0 T H E N GOTO 5 0 0
437 LET F R . e
438 LE T V = 0
439 FOR N=1 TO 3 0
440 NEXT N
442 P RI NT AT CI , X;"
445 L E T X=X4-I NT ( R N D 4 3 ) . 1
4 4 6 GOTO 1 9 0
2 1 , 0 ;
O U P
W E I M
M I M
M A 4
32
'
,
„A
0
1
It
•
-r
t
,
1
10
20
30
4 -0
50
60
L
L
L
L
L
P
.•)-!
,J1•
E T = C O D E
E T R =CODE
E T
= R
E T t i =A
E T I =CODE
R I N T
R8 L .; " . E t * * * * * *
70
80
9
- 0100
E. - L
1 -1 40
1 *2 0
= "
1 •3 0
11A
• •
•
•
6 6 8 1 .1
***
F O R G =L T O C O D E
P R I N T " 1 1 * g *U
* NI E X T G
P R I N T •
* *
* *
• •
***it*
Alc T
••
S T E P -1 f ri
F=CODE
T O L
- ( INKEY
A
=
A
f
(
I
N
K
E
V
$
=
*
*
N
L E T
- ( INKEY
Ei=84-tINKEY$=
6
1 4 . 0 P R I N T8- P I T
, B .; " C "
1 5 0 I F A 1=t-I A N D B = I T H E N
P R I N T
-;
"SCORE
Z X L I V E S "
16
)
1
, 70 I F A = L O R A=CODE " : - O R B = L
OR O I
T H E N P R I N T " Z X - K I L L E D " .; L i
0
180 L E T E =
(
RND * C O D E " I g i "
P
1 9 0 I F E =A A N D 8 < R T H E N P R I N T R
T RB . ; " 2 3 " T A B L . ; " G H O S T G O T C H R "
200 NE X T F
2I 1 0 P R I N T ' T H E L I P "
N
T
A
T
A
A
B
(
;
L
"
* F. O
$ R
L
E
*
*T
M
A
0fc„
0e0
N,
ks
form, writes_)its discoverer.
Z
Chris Handley.
t It thrives on a
diet
o f asterisks b u t i s k ille d
X
-instantly b y t h e inverse spaces
. wMh i c h m a k e u p i t s m a ze -lik e
ecosphere.
Your task is to use keys
A
6, 7 a nd 8 t o guide the ZX-Man
N
through the maze without running
i of time or into walls.
out
s An additional hazard is provided
aby the ghosts of previous ZX-Men
swhich materialise unpredictably
iand gobble him up. Only in the home
straight
is he safe from this ghoulish
l
threat.
i
It is an excellent 1K game for the
c
ZX-81, though the fit is so tight that
o
adding 's' t o the wor d 'ghost' is
n
sufficient t o h a l t t h e program.
Graphic
notes:
60-17
Inverse
spaces.
b
a100-6 Inverse spaces, inverse *Z.XsMAN', five, inverse spaces.
180— Inverse E.
e190 — Inverse G.
d
l
i
kw*/
f
e
077/
o
SINCLAIR USER AuRt101962
33
1 RE H - L E R p FRO G a RE H CO P Y RI G HT P. HAHHO ND
1982
3 P R I N T A T 1 1 , 4 i - L
E
A
F R
0
G
- 4 P AUS E 1 0 0
5 C L 5
6 P R I N T IONS
D O? 7 I N P U T P $
Ya IOF Up s = " . v " T H E N G O 5 U S 8 9 A A
W
9 C 1A. 8 .
1N0 L TE T H = 0
12 L E T Nmil
1I 4 LNE T 5 F = 1
1T5 LRE T US = 0
1C6 LTE T E = 2 0
17 L E T F = p
18 P R I N T A T 2 1 , 3 - F R A H E
- F
19 P R I N T A T 2 1 , 1 5 ; - 5 C O R E - i - 5
20 L E T 5 = 5
95 L E T C = I N T iRND4-25.1.3
100 FO R A = 0 T O a
105 L E T E .E - 2 4 .4 x m l,,E y .." 7 - )
•-•
108 L E T C= C- 2 4 ( I NKE V 4 = - 5 - ) 1 1 , 2 * f T
NKE e S = "
3 -1 0 7 P R I N T A T E
108 I F C - 2 8 T H E N L E T c
1= 029e .I F C i 5 T H E N L E T C = 5
110 G O 5U8 2 5 0 0
115 GOSUB 5 0 0 0
118 I F E , = 0 AND e = c oD E
T H E N
G O TO 2 0 0 0
119 I F I NP X Y 41=-7- T H E N LE T 5 = 5 4
I Z
2 1 , 1 5 " 5 C O R E " i 5
120 P R I N T A T
125 I F E : 1 4 T H E N GOTO 6 0 9
130 I F E , l e T H E N GOTO 5 O9
140 I F E = 1 6 THe m G O 8U6 3 0 0 0
150 I F E = 1 4 TH E N GOSUB 3 1 2 0
400 GOSOB 4 0 0 0
5 1 0 P R I N T A T 0 , A ,•
4 - i f t t fl M I I
I
m
g
t
gm.
• • • -• -• 1 1 M .
•
•
•
• • • =•
• • • -• •
_
—
a
g m
E ll• • •
•••
•
• •
dE b
I O N
1
1
.
•
m
6
S
.514 P R I N T A T
ar f 0 4 ; 1M
m
A
3515 p A I
le e n; P t
PN T
,
R5s 1 PI
9r P R I N T A T 1 -4 , 6 ; - f fi
N
I
I INS I2 I0 PP RI I NMT A T 1 6 , 6 ; 1 g P I
530 NE X T A
-T
A5 4 0 I F A 4 - 2 3 . 3 1 T H E N G O - 0 5 5 0
45 I F As. 233=0 r N E N G o r e 1 0 0
l5
0 F
8 TT O 0 S T E P - 1
551
PO
RR
I NA
T . A
•
•
•
m
a
.M••••
552 I F c ) 2 8 TH E N L E T C = 2 8
553 I F 0 1 5 THE N L E T C = 5
555 L E T E = E - 2 * f I N K E Y S = - 7 - 1
N 556 L E T C=C-2 * fI NKE V S =-5 -1 1 1 , 2 4 (T
K5 5 6 G O SUB 2 5 0 0
566
I F e-,44t AND
EG
O TO 2 0 0 0
E=cone • T H E N
y567 G 0 5 U8 5 0 0 0
ts0
568 I F I N K E 1 S = - 7 - T H E N L E T
=
"5 8 9 P R I N T A T Z l e i ;
85- 7 0 I F E 1 1 4 T H E N C O T O 1 6 0 0
70
5 G
I P
l e 3, 0 T0 H0 E N G o r o 1 6 0 o
O S eU B
-5 8
5. 9. 0. 5G C
OO
5 URS E 4 0 0 -0
1 )6 0 0 G O T O 5 0 9
.
5
2 0 0 0 P R I N T A T E,C;-1,11-5
2 0 i0D6
5 0T 0 2 1 , 1 5 ; - 8 C
4 G
PO
R TI O
N T9 A
-)s
22 55 00 10 I F E . - 0 A N D C = A - 1 . 2
2 5 1 0 I F E < = 0 A N D 12=14+3
2P
5 0
20 I F lEmet
51
AND C m A 4 8
2 25 50 13 0 I P E l = 0 A N D C . A . 1
1 0 1 e 4 e l
s
34
2504 I F 5 1 = 0
0 2 5 1 0
2 5 0 5 I F 5 4 = 0
0 2 5 1 0
2 5 0 5 I F
0 2 5 1 0
02 520 57 1 0I F 5 - 4 = 0
AND
2 5 0 6 RE TURN
2 5 1 0 L E T
2 5 1 2 P R I N T A T
P1
E
,
C
;
.R P I - N T
A T
1
0
2 1 e 1
AN
D
A N D
N E .
AND
5EDO R E
THE N
- ; 5
GOTO
THEN G O T O
THEN S O TO
THEN G O TO
4
C=A+14
,s1
THE
C=
N
THEN G O T
1 4
G r
C=A. v, a0
4 TwH E N G O T
C1 =5A + R ,
7
THEN
GOT
1
.
'.
1
P
E
SI NCLAI R USER A ugust 1982
eM11
!3400
!:380 I F
5 4 0 0
5 0 9 0 I F
5 4 0 0
E = 8
AND
c = A + 1 0
THE N
e = a
A N D C. . . 9 1 7 0 1 4 T H E N
GOTO
o o r o
5100 I F e a AND C=1,14,1a r m EN c o r o
GE .
-
,
M
•
•
• •
M
.1 1 .0
,
E
S
O
•f t
.0
•
OM. M M .
•••
•
• • •
• • • • ,
AND
E.1 6
e =1 6
E=16
E=16
e=16
• • • • • ,
.
da b
•
•
••
• • • • • • • d•
• • • • • • • •
••
•
5 4 0 0
5 94
4 90
0g
2
1
85
THE N G O T))
5
AND
C = 1 5
AND
c = 1 8
THEN
G O T°
THEN G O TO
THEN
•••••••
•
• • • • • =,,
••••••
E = 1 0
AND
AND
C = A + 2 2
THE N
GOTO
Cw 0 +1
T H E N
GOTO
THE N
GOTO
E = 1 0
AND
C = A # 8
E = 1 0
AND
C=A*115
THE N
GOT
E . 1 0
URN
AND
C = A + 2 2
THE N
GOT
P R I N T A T E , C ; - 8 P L A T G
O
O T9 A
5 0T 0 2 1 , 1 5 ; - 5 C O R E
P
R STI N
CL
p0
s
-R "II
9
0
0A3
2o P
P R
90
A
U
E
T
H 5 , 0O
5
ANL C . , 1 2
e = a
-;-S
9 0 0 0 P R I N T A T
0 - L E A P
FRO G Y0
O 1U RP F
O TG :A- l 1- 4 3- , 3- ; - Y O U H U S T O U H A
90
RR
I N
G O T°
THEN G O TO
AND C
=
THEN G O TO
AND C
"
G O TO
. = - 2 4c =
E =1
2 7
G O TO 5
6
c
e
T
R
=
T H E N G O TO 5
„NE=1.4. AND Ht
E
THE N G oTO
D
.E=14 AND N-c
T H E N G O TO
c
„E..1.4- AND s-=
T H E N G O TO
1
Rmc T1=
G O TO
4
.,A N D H2ci , 2 1 T H E N
E
s
T H E N G O TO
A
A N D NC . 2 4 _
N
T H E N G O TO
1,1ND
I F DE = 1 4
• •••••••••
am,.
•
THEN G O TO
O R M ..
•• i m E n 0 • • • •
•
•
•
•
•
game Frogger was submitted
T
by P Hammond of Ipswich. The
H• ea is to jump the frog across .
a l i dodge
ly
I pond.
the speeding cars on a
motorway.
and
lead it to safety in
S
one
of
the
moving
froggy rest-homes
V
on the other side.
E Features include a running disRplay o f scores, 'instructions o n
S request a nd a pleasing range of
I wipe-out logos — pond. motorway
O and frog-homes give Plop. Splat and
N Missed respectively.
o Your frog is prodded into action
with keys 5. 7 and B and earns you
f bonus for every frame it manages t
t heave itself across. Graphic notes:
h
107 — Inverse F.
510 G r a p h i c 5. two graphic
e
As, graphic B.
a
512 — Inverse C.
r
519 — Inverse L.
c
551 — Inverse F.
a
2521 — Inverse F.
d
e
5400
5110 I F
5400
5 1 2 0 I F
5 4 0 0
5130 I P
0 5 4 0 0
5140 I F
0 .402,0
5 1 5 0
I F
5 3 0 0 RE T
MT
N
, 0H ;E- "O V E R T H E
N
T- - A
A lTT- O 4 T
C
1
4
0
5
2
N
T
- W A • r .
; - H O T H
OE R
L I L Y
Y O U
THE CARS
9004PRINTWHICHAT 6,0;"ROAD,AVOIDiNG
D
9005 PRINT AT 7,0;-V.EEP CHANGING
I H OPRINT
O
G
N E . - - 8 0AT
8 1 18
h -"- T O GET THE FR
0008
R0 0
0 0
7 P R I N T A T 1 0 o 3 ; - O N L Y FO RUARD
N
A
BONUS
Op
100
r 6 1R-u
E
90ea
l
a
6 ; r- oY
L EU
AREDO CU PRINT
, E AT
T 12,0;-E4CH FRAME C
9009
E
9 0T
1 0 P R I N T A T 1 0 ; - M O V E H E N T PiEY
H
E
9011
N Y OPRINT
U
AT 1 6 - P P E S 5 NA- UN
9012
I PAUSE
4E4
— ER E
9R0 1O
ETUK
RN E y s . - - T H E N C L 5
E3 AI F I9014R
N
gD5 0N
Y0 P
- AUS E 2 0 0
N0 C L 5
99 E 1T
G5O 7) P 90 5 1p9 P R I N T " D O Y O U U A N T A N O T H E R
9 5 2 -0 I N P U T Y $
1
g9I,5S 34n
0 iSI TF O Y
P $ f t - Y - T H E N G O T() 1 2
0
F N
H
1 r
5 A
T
H T
E
N s
L c
E
T o
H
R
=
5 E
S
-
3127
509
4000 P R I N T A T E , C ; - P L O P G
4001 P R I N T A T Z 1 , 1 5 ; - 5 C O A E
4.002 G O TO 9 5 0 0
O
G o TO
5000 I F E = 4 AND C = A + 1 THE N
5400
T
5010 I F E = 4 AND C = 0 + 3 THE N
O
5 4 0
8
0
2
0
I
F
E
=
4
A
N
D
c
m
A
+
1
5
T
H
E
N
G O TO
0
5 4 0
5 00 3 0 I F E = 4 A N D C = A 4 2 2 T H E N G O T O
5 4 0
5 00 4 0 I F E -es A N D = A + 1 T O I E N , G O T O
5400
5C
050 I F E = 8 AND C = A + 5 THE N GOTO
5400
5 0 6 0 I F E = 5 AND C = A + 9 THE N GOTO
540
05 0 7 0 I F E = 8 A N D C = A + 1 3 T H E N G O T O
5400
SINCLAIR USER A u g u s t 1 9 8 2
35
or
TOWERS
HANOI
7
—
mysterious e a s t v i a Si mo n
T
HAnnetts
IS g a m
i s f r o mPowys.
the
o feRhayader,
It is velly. velly good.
Your Si n cl a i r w i l l e re ct th re e
pegs and on the centre peg will place
six rings in order of descending size.
Your task is to transfer the rings one
by one until they are all assembled
in the correct order on one o f the
other pegs.
You cannot place a bigger ring on
a smaller one and the computer will
chastise you if you try. An excellent
little game which went immediately
on to the office tape. Graphics notes:
30 — 32 graphic shifted flis•
50— Three spaces, graphic shifted
8, 7 spaces, graphic shifted 8. seven
spaces, graphic shifted 8.
67 — Three spaces, graphic shifted
8.
70 — Three spaces, inverse space.
graphic shifted 5.
80 — Two spaces, graphic shifted 8,
two inverse spaces.
90 — Tw o spaces, th re e inverse
spaces. graphic shifted 5.
100 — One space, graphic shifted 8,
Two inverse spaces.
110 — On e space, fi v e inverse
spaces, graphic shifted 5.
120— Graphic shifted 8, six inverse
spaces.
36
1 0 P E I -1 • ' T 013EPS r_
ao
-3 0 P R I N T P T 2 0 , 0 , '
)F
H P N O
35 P RI NT cr
T. P B 2 4 . ; 342 0" 1 F„ O ER k X ;= 1 0 T O 1 9
50 P P I N T P T
„ 5.; "
"
1
"
.
6
: 0 NE X T
5
T 1 D IPH R
55 D i l l R$ 1 .7 „8 )
5
67 L E T P S
= "
l 0 L E
e T R S 1.2.) = "
7
8
, 0 L E: T P t . - 3 4
9 0 L E T P f g i. 4
" 0 L E T R S 1.5) = "
10
20 L E T
11
( 6 )
="
1 t2 0 = L "E T R 5 ( 7 ) = "
130 FO R Z = 7 T O 1 ,JTEP - 1
1 3 5 L E T R 1. 1 , 7_
-1 4 0 L E T R 1 . 2 , 7 i =7 _
145 L E T P
=
1
;1 5=0 1N E X T 2
155 L E T C = 1
160 F O R
/
1 0 $
1 7 0 F O P ••z• = 7 T O I . y r E p - t
l a c P R I N T P T 'Y +12, Y 1- 1
190 NE X T
71 0 5 N E X T 7 _
* 61 P- R3I N, T P T
F 0t , 1$
2_ 0
2
0
5
I
F
r
.
1
,
=
O R F4 3 2 * - - T H E
C
Z
,
24,,
N GOTO 2 0 0 0
"2 0 H
e -, OP RV I NE T P T O . , 0 „
:2 1 0 P R I N T P T 0 , 0 . ; " F P O H I n s
2 0 I N P U T • _1
"2
2 3 0 P R I N. T P T 0 , 0 ;
"
T O ? "
12 4 0 7 I N ;P U T K .
250 P R I N T P T 0 „
"
T O ".0
2
- 5 5 I F J .7:i O R J L: 1 O P K , ; -3 O P K , 1
THEN G O TO 1 0 0 0
Z
2 .6 0 I F K = J T H E N G O T O 1 0 0 0
2 7
2
08
2
'4 i2; L E T Po z : b
1
F 0 0 L E T ID=Rt a...0)
3
0
3 1 0 1 ,Err0 3 4 0
O
320 NE X T D
IP
3 3 0 r_ 4 0 1
F
0 ;4ca F O P D = 1 T O 7
R
=3 5 0 I F R ( K , D ) = 1 T H E N G O T ( ) 3 7 0
0
D
< C a
THE N GOTO 1 0 0 0
13 6 0 I F R
1 6 05 0I F R
>
1 T HE N GOTO 3 6 0
IT3
3
070 NE X T D
=
O3 8 0 L E T D = - D - 1
9 0 L E T P t K , 0 ) = r4 t J „ P ' s
1
73
4
00 L E T R
, P ) = 1
T4 1
0 L E T C=C;
H4 2 0 G O T O l e f e
' fEa z e F O R 1 3 = 0 T f : j
1 N0 1 0 N E X T t i
1020 P RI NT P T
o ,
" ItimkPLID H O V E "
1 G0 3 0 F O P 1 _ ) = 0 T o ! l b
1O
040 NEXT. U
1 T0 5 0 G O T O p e e
2O
000 P R I N T P T 0 , ;
" Y O U HAt..
L
D T H E T O U R 8 O F H P N O I I N " C
1 3E T" E
HOLIE5"
E
C PO R IHN T
P
2 2.0 1 0
2 00 2 0 P R I N T " T R * ? P G P I N ? "
2030 I N P U T 511
2040 I F S * =
R
- UN
2050 7
Y E 5
O
P
7 r O P
5 $ 7 .
SI NCLAI R USER Augus t I 982
V
V
t
.
•
INTEREST
CALCULATION
Jo'
!f so, so will a program
D
submitted b y Christopher
Green
of Stratford-on-Avon. Enter
O
the amount, the percentage, the
E
length of time involved, and the
S
settlement
period — the intervals at
which
I
payments are due — and the
computer
will crunch until your
N
eyes scroll
T
E
R
E
S
T
i
n
t
t
i
r
e
s
t
y
o
u
? 10 L E T D = V R L " 1 5 "
5 RE H " I N T E R E 5 T CALCULRTI O N”
10 P R I N T
CER
D E R
E NNE T
30 I N P U T R
T
E T " E N T E R THE. -PERCENTRGE
4 0 PH R I N
R R RHN N UOt t "
PE
5 0 INN P U
U
T T EY
e,o
P
R
I
N
T " E N T E R T H E VE4R5_. T H E
N TC H E H O N T H 5 "
O
7 0 I N P U T C.
80 INPUT E
N
90 L ET
D =C * 1 2 4 - E
10
P
1 ERIO D I N MO N T H S
-21 11 0 I N P U T F
1 2 0 L E T 0D=D•er
1
P
- 30 FOR G =1 T O / H T u
1 4 0 L E T H = I N T ( R e ( Ei*F
/ 1 0
R
1 5 0 P R I N T • • P E R I O D " . ; G.; R „
" .I;1
3
:
160 L E T R=R4-H
! N
1 7 0 I F P E E K 1 6 4 4 2 I: s t2 T H E N 5 C
T
_ 1 "1
280 NE X T G
P R I N T " P R E 5 5 RNY KE Y T O
0 E1
, 0
TN
INUE"
0 I=l e t e I F 1 N K E Y $ = " " T H E N G O T ° 2
ET
2" 1 0 C L 5
. E
;2 2 0 : G U T ° 1 0
R
T
H
E
5
E
r
r
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". . ; Ott OA e r
4
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H
....
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N
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briuTTLE
11••••
1
2 0 L E T K=V g4 1 _ " D c t
0 L E T 5 = V RL ,3
4
0 L E T F=1 .
K
"1
50 FO R L = V RL -6 0 P R I N T R T R N V * V A L " 5
I L
- 1R
*VRL
"
8
"
--6 ,) TR N D
7 0 N E XOT L
V
8 0 PR R I NL T R T V A L p
•2 1 *
1
2
1 0 0 P R T NT R T " 1 . 1 1 1 . " R T C , F + V
R L " 3 " .;
V R
LTO 2 0 0 + (200 AND ( PEEK ( P E
1 ,2 0
GO
Ett. (
1 8 3 9 6 ) +2 5 1 Et re PEEK 1 8 - 3 ' 4 9 ' f
+ (2 0 0 FiND IF
( . 2
D
, DF= 2 1• ) :+ 2( 4 50 0 R N )
200 PRINT
201
L E T
RT
„
0 0
FINE
F =25 F W D
"
D = 0 + ( /NKE Y 1 1 t • " 7 "
Y = "7" )
2 0 5 L E T F =F + V R L "
210 I F I N K E Y $="7"
URL " 1"
230 GOTO UAL " 1 0 0
400 PRINT RT
, ;
1 1- 3 0 0 P R I N T p r r K . ;
USED = " 5
!..AtRuSET1 A ugust 1982
D = 2 1 )
-
I "
THEN LET
( /NKE
• = 5 +
f e e " E
"' YO U W I N F U E L
0
" 4
RO L
CO M
0 0
•
of the Nevada desert as you
p
steer the heaviest glider in
the
world'
to a safe landing.
R
O It is a Land the Space Shuttle
game, submitted by G Banks, of
J
Wakefield. West Yorkshire.
E The display features the shuttle
drifting
down diagonally from left to
C
right,
through
a number of obstacles,
I
low-flying vultures o r loosened
•thermal tiles, perhaps. A stab on the
y7 key will boost the shuttle temporarily to a higher altitude while still
o
keeping it on line, you hope, for the
u
Landing pad on the right of the
rscreen.
s The game is suitable for an uneexpended ZX-81, though you will
find yourself running out of memory
lperiodically and i n need o f the
fCONT button. Graphic notes:
t 60 — Graphic A.
80 — Three graphic Ds.
o100 — Graphic W . Graphic 6.
t Inverse space, graphic W.
h400 — Asterisk, inverse asterisk,
asterisk.
e
h
e
a
37
from Lancs..
HERE
WAS
A
young
fellow
Who sent us a program
which
ranks
As the best of all time
For churning out rhyme
And it hereby is printed with
thanks.
The ba s ic s o f a n e x c e lle nt
program. Your own ingenuity — or
genius - is the limit.
Submitted by Jonathan Finstein of
Salford, Lancashire. (16K ZX-81)
T
PErl
5 C L S
6 LE T
7 L E T B = 0
8 L E T R = R + 1
9 I F A = 6 TH E N GOTO 2 0 0
10 L E T A S =
,f —
20 L E T B S =
,
E ER TE C S =
3T 0H L
4 —
4
W0 L RE T 5D S =
—
H O
F W
—
A I S
H
—
0 L E T E $ =
R 5
E O
Y TN —
OO
U
O —
N
5
B = 6 + 1
U5 IL E
NGT H
N D
M A
6
TG0 L E T N = I N T ( R N D * 4 ) + 1
H 0 IE F R = I T H E N P R I N T ; R S
7
A
F
M
7
6 T= 1 A N D N = 1 T H E N P
N 1 IE F V
E
R
E E NR
5HK
T
D
W2 I FO 6 = 1 A N D N = 2 T H E N P
7
A
— R
K
R3 I F 8 = 1 A N D N = 3 T H E N P
T 7
ENT D
'KE
R 74 I F 5 = 1 AND N = 4 THE N P
E' G H E N T
N- 7 7 I F R = 2 T H E N P R I N T ; B S
78 I F 8 = 2 AND N = 1 TH E N P
T' U R A P P E D U P
79 I F 6 = 2 A N D N = 2 THE N P
80 I F 6 = 2 AND N = 3 TH E N P
CP R
I NTED
O S i I F 6 = 2 A N D M = 4 T H E N P
VF A S T E N E D — ;
E 82 I F R = 3 THE N P R I N T : C S
83 I F 8 = 3 AND N = 1 THE N P
'RH E R D
E 84 I F 6 = 3 AND N = 2 THE N P
DH A N D — ;
e5 I F 5 = 3 AND N = 3 THE N P
—
—
; 85 I F 5 = 3 AND N = 4 TH E N P
D
—
O
F 87 I F 6 = 3 TH E N L E T 5 = 6 + 1
G 88 I F 5 = 4 AND N = 1 THE N P
O
IN A TE N T
"O - 8 9 I F 8 = 4 A N D N = 2 T H E N P
U I T
,
T
NT"
38like
LIMERICKWRITER
90
;
R I N T
'
TA
R I N T
R I N T
;
R I N T
;
,
R I N T
R I N T
R I N T
R I N T
.
;
R I N T
R I N T
R I N T
R I N T
R I N T
;
R I N T
H CE HE
6 = 4
A N D
N = 4
THE N
P R I N T ,
THAT
WAS B E N T
-1 0 0 I F 8 = 4
I F
A N D
N = 3
THE N
P R I N T
WITH
•
t
R I N T
;
O HE S C E N T
- 120 I F A = 4 TH E N P R I N T ; D S
130 I F 8 = 5 A N D N = 1 TH E N P
I T RAN O F F —;
131 I F 8 = 5 AND N = 2 THE N P
“ I T GLOWED — ;
132 I F 8 = 5 A N D N = 3 THE N P
I T BLEW U P —;
133 I F 6 = 5 A N D N = 4 TH E N P
I T TURNE D BLUE — ;
140 I F B = S TH E N L E T 8 = 8 + 1
141 I F 6 = 6 AND N = 1 TH E N P
—
—
I
146 I F 6 = 6 AN
L
”N F O R A L A R K
IT 1 4 7 I F 5 = 6 A N
K
—
H
160 I F A = 6 TH
E
W
E 1.7e I F 8 = 7 R N
IA
P
Q
T
A
I T WE NT1
IF5 = 7 A N
7
U
H
R
A
5K I N T E N T
R
-B
1 172 I F 8 = 7 AN
K
A
4
R
IF5 = 7 A N
3
.7
2 I T WENT1
K
II T M E A N T
'F 1 9 0 G O T O 8
-•
B2 0 0 P R I N T
=2 0 5 P R I N T —
2 1 0 I N P U T V S
5 2C 1O5 P I YF 7 V4S Y=
O 2 0 PR R I N T ;
A2
- V
"C
O) R N )
N
N—
2—3 0 I N P U T Z $
- Y
DD
2
—5O0 I F Z l s =
300 S TO P
N-Y
T3 1 0HO S EAU V N
E —
=Y
U
C
3 2W0k OR iU N N 5
P
2P
T Y
-r
TA
T
HN E O
N
HG
T
HO
ET
EO
k
N6
• •
R I N T
R I N T
R I N T
;
R I N T
D
N = 3
THE N
P R I N T
D
N = 4
THE N
P R I N T
E N P R I N T , E S
D N = 1 . T H E N P R I N T
WHE RE
D
N = 2
T H F N
P R I N T
•
I T
D
N = 3
THE N
P R I N T
WHY
D
N = 4
THE N
P R I N T
WHAT
SINCLAIR USER Augus t 1982
interface
review
Stephen Adams looks at the Data-Assette
ZX-99 and finds it good but that it could
involve a lot of expense.
Control system
boosts power
for up to four different tape
T
recorders which also has a n
H
RS232 tape interface for running a
E
printer. The tape commands are all
Zstored in a 2K ROM between 8K and
X10K but the total area used is the
-whole of the 8K section between 8K
and 16K. That is because of the way
9the ZX-99 divides the tape recorders
9— there must be at least two to make
ia sensible system — into INPUT and
sOUTPUT tape recorders. The two
ainput sockets a r e selected i n cdividually and one lead is provided
owith the Z A
and REMOTE sockets on the tape
n-recorder. The normal cassette leads
9 t o
t9
areoplugged
from the Z.X-81 into the
c
rZ.X-99 na tnthe top a nd a ll o f the
c t
oe
SAVEing a n d LOADing i s done
h the ZX-99.
ltthrough
se There is a 50-page manual with
the ZX-99 a nd i t i s we ll wor th
yE
A
sreading before starting. It is wellwritten a nd contains not only a
tR
e
SI NCLAI R USER A u g u s t 1982
m
chapter on all of the commands but
example programs, problems which
may occur and any peculiarities of
the system.
The commands are in the form of
USR calls to various parts of the 2K
ROM whic h c a n either be used
direct from the keyboard or within a
program. It is very easy to use in
which string is used for the buffer
= "X
length of
- that buffer string to be
sent. The
— Y variable is used t o
control athe printing operations of
the RS232 interface.
n
The variables can be put to other
uses in dthe program but must be
v the correct data for the
filled with
a
ZX-99 before
doing a USR command,
or a n er r r or code w i l l stop t he
program.
i The r e is also a "completion code"
in the form of an error
a
report when
LET
U S R 1234 is
b
used. Variable
L can be checked if
l been a fault, as the report
there has
e if all is well.
will be 0
Z the useful extras provided
One of
t
by the code
is a check of the quality
of a program
which has been read
h
back from
the
tape by the LX-99. It
e
consists of checking for three common errors — too high a level, too
low a level, and varying tape speed
giving longer pulses than are to be
expected. A number which gives the
sum of the three errors is returned
in the completion code if they are
found. The USR commands provide
the following functions:
• T u r n on the tape drive of any
one input or turn on either or both
of the tape drive outputs.
• R e a d or write a data buffer of
length Z into or out of the tape
recorder. On output, two copies
can be made if required. one from
each output.
• S k i p the next block of data or
program on tape.
• L O A D a program i n t o t h e
ZX-81 memory from an input tape
'One of the useful extras provided by the
code is a check of the quality of a program
which has been read back from the tape.'
Basic but i t requires the use o f
several variables to be set up for use
by t h e ZX - 9 9 be for e t h e U SR
commands are used.
These are a single-dimensioned
string (DIMX.S(300)), Z$ . Z and Y.
The dimensioned string can be any
single letter and is used to store the
data to be sent or received from the
tape. 1 $ is used to tell the ZX-99
drive and then SAVE it again on to
one o r m o r e o u t p u t t a p e
recorders.
• P r int - out a data buffer to an
RS232 printer. Y defines speed.
number of stop bits, parity and a
choice of upper- or lower-case
printing of the Sinclair character
set. Al l codes sent to the printer
tAt '•‘
con tin ued on puge 40
3
9
3
continued from page 39
are in ASCII and the user can
define any ASCII character.
• P r i n t a f ull lis t o f a Basic
program to the RS232 printer. No
controls are provided — only the
data and the common. Graphic
characters are printed as ASCII
codes.
The RS232 can be used only with a
printer, as only an output on 3.5mm.
jack i s provided. A l l t he A SC II
control and other codes, including
upper- a n d lower-case, c a n b e
generated from the keyboard o r
from within a program. When using
a data buffer to print-out a string of
characters, carriage r e tur n a nd
line feed are separate but •<> will
produce both for a new line.
The length of the printed list is
limited only by the maximum length
the printer can print, so long lines
will look completely different on the
printer. The speed a t which the
printer can work can be between
110 and 9.600 baud but the RS232
port expects to print at full speed, so
the printing speed must be adjusted
to that with which the printer can
cope.
The graphics characters i n a
ZX-81 program are a ll converted
into A S C II characters a n d a r e
printed as such. That means that as
some of the graphics correspond to
control characters it could cause
some weird effects on the printer,
such a s double-sided characters
and graphics dots. The only way to
avoid tha t is t o convert a l l the
graphics int o CHRS( ) but tha t
wastes memory.
On t h e la te s t models, w h e n
LISTing the program, the graphics
40
S
I
N
characters have been converted to
spaces, enabling the user to fill-in
the ga ps w i t h t h e appropriate
graphic when the printing had been
completed.
The original ZX-99s did not do
that, c a us ing problems i n t h e
LISTing. Data-Assette has offered a
new ROM to people who bought the
original model.
That does not apply when printing
a data buffer, of course, as CRiLF
can be done at any time along the
the minimum the system will put on
to tape.
Block skip will check and report
tape errors but will not verify the
data a ga ins t t h e pr ogr a m i n
memory. COPYing a program overwrites all the system variables, so a
re-start is made after one program
has been copied, thus NEWing any
program i n memory. BREAK i s
recognised thr oughout a l l t h e
routines and will revert to a Basic
listing as normal, except on COPY.
The ZX-99 has some very good
features t o build int o programs
where data needs to be written to
and r e a d fr om a cassette tape.
Unfortunately that does not improve
the speed of transfer, as the same
tape system is used. The minimum
requirement is two tape recorders
at once, which may prove a strain on
some budgets, as well as the cost of
the ZX-99, which is E62.90 including
entire length of the printer. One VAT and postage.
The printer routines included are
useful thing in the LIST routine is
that it generates a blank line after very useful for doing reports and
single G O T O s . G O S U B s o r graphics on a real paper printer, as
RETURNs, showing the e nd o f a the printer is under complete user
routine.
control. T h e differences i n a p The tape LOADing and SAVEing pearance, such a s the represenare done at the same speed and in tation o f lower-case b y inverse
the same way, using Sinclair ROM letters on the screen and the limit of
routines, so there is no increase in 32 characters per line on the ZX-81,
speed. The fact that five seconds of would have t o be solved by the
blank ta pe is recorded between program.
The non-restoration of slow mode
each piece of data also means that is
better only to SAVE to tape large on return to Basic is also annoying.
amounts of data, otherwise the data as the ZX-99 works only in fast
mode, for obvious timing reasons.
records take so long to load.
CLS is also recommended to be
In all, a very good tape control
used during data recording, other- and printer system. The ZX-99 can
wise that causes noise in the silent be bought b y contacting D a ta part of the tape. A data limit of 40 Assette a t 4 4 Shr oton Str e e t.
bytes is also imposed on the user as London NW 1 6LIG. 01-258-0409.
'Non-restoration of
slow mode on
return to Basic is
also annoying.'
C
L
A
I
R
USER Augus t 1982
KEMPSTON MICRO ELECTRONICS
- KEYBOARD
PRESENT
ITHE
NG N
IF
E YOU
I N ARE like many ZX81 users and are fed up with the
dead
'touch sensitive' key pad then consider the advan•
tages of the new KEMPSTON KLIK•KEYBOAR D. This is
Z
a genuine p u sh b u t t o n ke yb o a rd wh ic h h a s b e e n
X
designed
as an exact replacement, being no larger than
the
K existing key pad, but offering all the advantages of a
full
L size keyboard. Consider these facts:
• Fits on to the ZX81.
I
• No soldering needed on the assembled version
Kliust plug in)
• No trailing wires.
• No special case required.
•Positive feedback from keys_
• RM two colour legends supplied.
• R A back-up service offered, including fitting.
This is a genuine 40-key, push button keyboard which fits
into the recess formed after peeling off the existing touch
sensitive keypad.
The kit comes with a precision drilled P. C.13. finished in
matt black, 40 keys, 2 colour legends, connecting tails,
adhesive pads and a full set of instructions.
1W•••••• & A G M s .
9 2 0 .0 0 , , ? n t
,
U II
11•••
STOP PRESS. . STOP PRESS.. STOP PRESS
NewSinclair Spectrum H/ W 24 line input-output
Port has now been developed, allowing access to
the outside world. Using a single in or out instruction - S.A.E. f or further info.
Also available f rom our range of products is a
Parallel User I / 0 post E16.50 built Et tested. Gives
1 6 1 0 0lines to drive light relays, motors etc_ Many
already sold to education Kovhoard bleeper (
built.
8,95
UserWhat is the best way to guarantee that you
never become bored with your Sinclair
computer?
The answer is to subscribe to Sinclair User,
written specifically for owners of ZX-80s,
ZX-81s and Spectrums. Sinclair User is the
latest montly from ECC Publications —
pioneers of Practical Computing, WHICH
COMPUTER?, and Computer & Video
Games. Whether you bought your system
yesterday or are an old hand, you are probably
an enthusiast for your machine ad your biggest
problem is likely to be obtaining all the
information to satisfy your interest. Sinclair
User is devoted to quenching your thirst for
information.
As the name suggests, the content is geared
specifically to helping you, the user. There are
pages of information on available hardware
and software, Our aim is to make Sinclair
User invaluable and we chronicle applications
which are of special interest.
SINCLAIR USER August 1982
U•61 pl e a
Illetbmod
17011
11
Ig
A r
y b
oo
1 , a ma t ad
l l ow 04 dogq I . . d o b s e n
Kwnpaqatt
A M icro flocireinacs
B O d m • •s• . . . • L u c e , • • • • • • , 3 , , lam• f u m l m
• , , , , , , e
k Proprietor
B .t .
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D
o
e.
.
.
1
. m
4
:
b
k
o
d
C R
a
m
*
l e
C21
Sa b o u t
Co mp
70
I M O dibmo
P.G. Cert. Ed
Make sure you
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41
HILDERBAY LTD
Professional Software
LTEXT AND Z T E X T
ZX81 WORD PROCESSORS
-N
...It.% .
.1 7,
SPECTRUM
SOFTWARE
now available!
ee
. •
,••
• • • • • • •
••••
;
.
lower case characters
on the ZX printer!!
\\,,,
e
,
.C7•50
Details from us.
48K Payroll f25 until 21 September
Tape reco rd er suitable f o r microcomputer u se,
aligned and tested on computer signals E22 + E2 p&p.
Hiderbay Loading Aid . Load your microcomputer
from tape first time every time! E5.95.
ZX-81 16K R A M packs, comprehensively tested
(for bad bits, addressing faults, printer, saving)
E30.
HILDERBAY SUMMER
ZX-81 SALE
Beamscan (beam analysis)
Payroll
Stock Control
Budget I Er II
£9 (2 programs)
Time Ledger
Critical Path
Beach
Financial Pack I
Gold
E5 each
These programs have been described and reviewed
previously (or we can prove details).
All prices include VAT, and are post free. Sale prices are valid
until 21 September 1982. Fre e updates, comprehensive
telephone and personal support, and competition prizes are
not available for summer sale purchases.
HILDERBAY LTD
Professional Software
8/10 Parkway
Regents Park
London NW1 7AA
Tel: 01-485 1059 T e l e x : 22870
42
S end 95p I rittaterriable against fi rst order I h a lull catalogue
and FREE ' ta m p P le a s e stale ZXEll on order
All prices include V AT a nd K I P available troth
1ALW
Oasis Softwa re . lo w e r N oa h Stre e t. Cheddar. Somerset
Tel, Cheddar 143409
Occur am:urines we lcome
ACCESS ORDERS
TAKEN BY PHONE
2401011AS
A DAV
M
Cl3each
E20 unti121 September
Optimax
No longer ne e d y ou be confi ned to space games. ba ttle s hips a nd the w e W e b these
programs y our ZX S T be c om e s a viabS e c o m m a c a l m a c hine . D E X T ( uppe r c a s e
characters onNI and ITE X T 'upper and lower case characters' * r e wor d processors which
incorporate a teat editor and a formatter,' printer T h e teal editor allows you to type lest In
and e dit it T h e for m a tte c printer takes the te a t and sends it to be screen or ZX printer,
iustitying it and tormanang according to commands embedded in the tent Inc lude d in the
range of command* are such useful operations as siting search, s um o replacement and a
merge 'meaty enabling a skeleton doc um e nt to be fi lled with a s ta ble information I TE X T
caters for both upper and lower case characters N o . tha t a note m inim a B y utilising the
high resolution graphics feature ot the ZX planter Groharn Asher ' I n b u i l t a complete set of
lower case utatacters. These program come complete with a detaated manual
U P
I
O
s
t r
t MOVIN G AHEAD
k WITH
! ZX SOFTWARE
ZX CHESS Et ADVENTURES
P ROGRAM S FOR THE ZX 8 l.9 3 ' N C I W I N G
ZX-FORTH
16K RAM PACKS
E29.50
1K ZX-CHESSI1
E2.95
ZX CHESS I
reduced to E6.50
ZX CHESS II
now only E9.95
ADVENTURES
ADVENTURE 'A'
16.00
ADVENTURE 'B'
17.00
ADVENTURE 'C'
E8,00
Full implemeotation of FORTH for the ZX — 10 — 28
time faster than BASIC. 'Simplicity of BASIC wrth
speed Et machine code.'
BYGBYTE RAM PACKS, no wobble problems. 1 year
guarantee on each RAM PACK. The best you can buy.
Immediate de live ry
We didn't think it was possible. but the game plays
against you, two opeornit moves, only 1K of memory
ne e de d.
Very popular machine code program. with six levels of
play a rid an a na lysis option. Unbe a te n e xce pt by:
A n e w improve d ve rsion with a ta ste r re sponse time,
seven levehs of play, and in addition a recommended
move option.
Exciting machine code games with instant response,
choose from the range below. Y ou fund yourself
stranded on an alien planet
Can you reach your ship and escape;'
In a jungle cleanng you coma &CHAS an Inca temple.
You must break in, collect treasure and escape alive.
Beware Includes a cassette save routine.
You are unfortunate enough to be drawn to an alien
cruiser. Can you reach the control room arwi free
yourself or will they get you first?
Includes a cassette save routine
GALAXiANS
All the features of the acarde game in a fast machine
E3.95
code program. Swooping attackers. explosions and
personalised scoring.
ZX BUG
A 38 in 1 machine code tool and disassembler, allows
E7.00
access to all registers arid to search through. and
modify memory; with cassette routines.
and many more For a catalogue grimly tut details. please send a S.A.E to
Artic Computing
Dept EE
396 James Reckin Avenue
Hull HU8 WA.
SINCLAIR USER A u g u st 1982
hardware
world
Little switch
into reverse
THE ZX-81 video invertor and a r a th e r over-sized
consists of one integrated toggle switch, both being
circuit, w h i ch i s a n n p n mounted on a small piece
transistor a r r a y , se ve n of Veroboard. The manuresistors and one coupling facturer h a s i n d i c a te d
capacitor, all contained on that a smaller sw i tch i s
one small PCB 2 0 m m . by now supplied with the kits.
32mm. — which probably Installation again consists
is manufactured using a of drilling a hole located on
Photolac process. The idea top o f the ZX-81 case —
behind th e device i s t o a l th o u g h s p a c e i m reverse th e conventional m e d i a te l y b e l o w t h e
display t o g i v e w h i t e switch i s very limited —
characters o n a b l a c k and cutting a lead to the
background, a switch be- modulator.
Th i s i n v e r s e v i d e o
ing provided to re tu rn to
switch
co sts E3.75 b u i l t
normal display mode.
and
E2•95
as a kit and is obThe PCB is held in place
tainable
from
B A Reader,
by a strip o f double-sided
adhesive tape on top of the 45 Alfred St. Kings Heath,
logic ch i p IC 1 , although Birmingham BI 4 7HG.
that i s only f o r location
purposes. T h e d e v i c e
works by intercepting the
signal t o th e modulator
and installation requires
the cutting of a wire to the
modulator a n d soldering
four wires in appropriate
positions.
The toggle switch is fi tted to the rear of the ZX-81
case and a 1
be
to accommodate
/ 4 idrilled
n.
it.
h M
o al ney Si n cl a i r u se rs
hmayab e sjustifi ably reluc- ADH display interface
tant to drill holes i n their
t
o
ZX-81s so it may be possible to locate the switch in a
different way, or perhaps
omit it completely and stay
ADH SYSTEMS has p ro in inverse video mode.
The invertor costs 0 .5 0 dced a n interface w h i ch
and i s a v a i l a b l e f r o m allows a ZX-81 to control a
Dieter Fritsch, G5CKZ, 6 LED o r fi l a m e n t l a m p
Stanton Road, Th e l w a l l , display for advertising in a
Wa r r i n g to n . C h e s h i r e shop window. The system
can control a 16, 24, 40 or
WA4 21IS•
A s i m i l a r d e v i c e i s 80-column display and i s
available from B A Reader not limited only to numbers
to the one just described or figures. The display is
but consists of a single IC seven LEDs high and can
Display
interface
S1NCLAIRUSER A u g u st 1982
be used t o display a n ything w h i c h fi t s o n th e
column x 7 format. The
displays are available as a
kit — LED boards made up
— o r re a d y-ma d e f o r
b e tw e e n E 6 2 . 0 1 a n d
E356.50, including V A T ,
interface and program to
run i t . C o n t a c t A D H
Systems Ltd. 209 Mackie
Avenue, B r i g h to n B N 1
8SE. 0273-557429.
Fulcrum
bleep
THE Fulcrum ZX-81 Bleep
consists o f a sma l l PCB
measuring 3 :ti n . b y 2 i n .
which fi ts into the space
inside t h e ZX-8 1 c a s e ,
underneath the keyboard.
That p a rti cu l a r space i s
much favoured b y o th e r
manufacturers f o r t h e i r
add-ons, s o i t co u l d b e
diffi cult t o fi t a n y o th e r
device there since the heat
sink is close to it.
The sound, w h i ch i s a
short bleep, is made by a
small transducer which is
located i n one corner o f
the PCB. Fulcrum emphasises t h a t t h e d e v i c e
requires no soldering, the
connections to the ZX-81
being two wires for power
and a 5-way flexible cable
which p l u g s i n t o t h e
existing k e y b o a r d t a i l
socket.
The d e vi ce w o r k s i n
both F A S T a n d S L O W
modes although it does not
function on certain shifted
keys.
Since th e re vi e w w a s
done t h e company h a s
brought o u t t h e ZX-8 1
Keyboard Bleeper w h i ch
covers all 210 characters.
The ZX-81 Bleep and the
ZX-81 Keyboard Bleeper
are both priced a t E8.95,
including V A T a n d
postage, a n d c a n b e
obtained f r o m Fu l c r u m
Products.
Colourscreen
for tired eyes
ELLANBEE (Graphics) can
provide a cu re fo r ti re d
eyes from too much staring
at a b r i g h t T V screen.
Colourscreen i s a large,
coloured, opti cal l y-cl ear
plastic sheet w h i ch goes
over the TV screen. It is a
15 x 121n. sheet which is
cut to fi t the size of your TV
screen a n d t h e n fi t t e d
carefully over it.
It requires n o tape o r
other fi xi n g a n d ca n b e
removed at any time. It is
in t w o colours, b l u e o r
green, w i t h instructions
and a specially-stiffened
storage envelope, at a cost
continued on poge 44.
43
tgau
cont:istood from ipige 43
of E2.95. Larger sizes are
available on request from
Ellanbee (Graphics), 1 1
Lichfi eld C l o se , G r e a t
Lumley. Chester-le-Street,
Co. D u rh a m D H 3 4 QH .
0385-886967.
also selling a book on com- addressed i n to a n y posiputer graphics a t E1.50. tion i n the memory map.
All prices are inclusive of The BK incremental board
VAT and paper can be ob- costs E12.01 and the 16K
tained f r o m va ri o u s Z X E13.23. To that must be adcomputer shops.
ded the price o f the RAM
chips a t E4.93 a n d 4 5
pence fo r postage i f th e
order is less than E15. East
London R o b o ti cs i s a t
Fi n l a n d i a H o u s e . 1 4
EAST LONDON Robotics Darwell Close. East Ham,
has produced a incremen- London E6 413T.
tal R A M b o a r d w h i c h
allows you to add up to 16K
of static RAM i n 2K portions to a ZX-81. The board
fits inside the ZX-81 a n d
can be used with any RAM STRIPELAND L T D h a s
pack available. It requires produced a computer i n no soldering t o fi t t h e terface f o r t h e ZX - 8 1
board and its instructions which can control another
co ve r n e a r l y e v e r y device i n a n o th e r r o o m
without wires between the
possibility.
The b o a rd u se s 6 6 1 6 two. The mains wiring i s
static R AMs and ca n b e used to transfer a signal
Memory
New supply of chunks
printer paper
PRINT-N-PLOT Products,
which produces a display
mapping book and foils, is
now su p p l yi n g p r i n t e r
paper f o r t h e S i n c l a i r
printer. Silicon Tri cks i s
not now supplying paper.
so this would seem the only
alternative to Sinclair.
The quality i s a s good
as. i f not better, than that
of Sinclair and at E10.95 is
cheaper. Print-N-Plot i s
ZX81
the BEST yet
from M.C . Associates
Remote
controller
from t h e m i c r o t o t h e
remote control unit attached to an other device.
At the moment the comp u te r c a n o n l y s e n d
signals a n d n o t receive
them vi a th e system b u t
modifications to produce a
two-way d e vi ce w i l l b e
available soon.
The ZX-81 computer interface costs E61.40 and
the remote control E 27.50,
inc. V A T a n d postage.
Stripeland is at 111 Liverpool R o a d , F o r m b y ,
Me rse ysi d e L 3 7 613R.
0704
IN
8 7 t8h 0e l u n e edition w e
published
t h e telephone
62.
n u mb e r o f E p r o m
Services, 3 Wedgewood
Drive, L e e d s a s
0532-667188. This should
have been 0532-667183.
ZX81 16K
LOTHLORIEN
COMPUTERGAMES
New release Wa rlo rd " E 4 . 9 5
A16K game set in 13th Century Japan
PELOPONNESIAN W A R E
— a brand new 16K game
Your ultimate goal is a final victory over the Spartans but
you will need to deploy all your skill in a combination of
diplomacy and military force before you even stand a
chance!
Price E5,95
also
TYRANT OF ATHENS
Price E4.95
ROMAN EMPIRE
Price E5,95
Buy more than one cassette and deduct 50p from the
price of each.
Cheques or POs please — made payable to:
WC . AS S OCIATE S
4 GRANBY ROAD, CHE ADLE HULME
CHESHIRE SK8 6LS
• Can you rule a warring village to survive for 30 years?
• Can you defeat the armies and samurai of other
warlords?
• A challenging game where all results are dictated by
your own decision
"SAMURAI WARRIOR"
Could you survive in 13th century Japan?
• In combat with other Samurai
• Fighting bandit groups
• Assisting villages
or will you co mmit ritual suicide?
Become engrossed in this game o f skill
for only £5.95
Cheques or POs please, payable to:
LOTH IOR IEN C OMPU TER GA M E S
94 Fl i xto n Road, U r m s to n ,
Ma n ch e ste r M31 34D
•41
11
44
SINCLAIR USER A u g u st 19112
f
Philip Joy looks into his postbag and finds
a wide variety of competition entries, new
forms of chess and anagram games.
Nottinghamshire has what look
p
like t w o g o o d p r o g r a m s .
M
HelmPawn a nd QuadraPawn. H e
A
has included 1 0 pages o f details
R
about them but I have not had time to
read them.
S
O It makes a change, though, to see
that amount of documentation; most
N
,people supply very few details. He
asks a question about h o w much
fmemory a program takes but I feel
rthat it would be more useful for him
oto know how much memory is left, as
he w i l l then know how much free
m
space h e has, ta ki n g account o f
M
avariables as well.
He will also know how much his
n
sprogram is taking up, variables and
all, by taking away that figure from
fhis memory size. I know o f a USR
iroutine in the ROM which will give
ethe amount of free memory. The inl
d
, 1 LET ....*VFIL " 50"
Good response
to Nim contest
structions look like this:
Print USRx.
What I want to know is x. its decimal
value; the first person whose letter I
open will be sent a copy of my adventure program. Please mark the letter
USR competition.
I was delighted t o receive a
number of versions of both one- and
three-pile N i m. I have decided to
give copies of my adventure game to
I Leaver. Bedford College, London;
M Woodruff, Accrington. Lancs: H
Duncan. Cambridge; I Williamson,
West Lothian:! Stracey. Ely. Cambs.
If they will send me a SAE with at
MATCHES YOU MAY TPKE = 3"
2 PRINT "N1M":TP8
3 PAUSE 120
4 CLS
10 PRINT PT 0 , 0
11
-15 PRINT AT 11, 5, " 43. IT MPTO4ES LEFT=";X:"
20
" YINPUT
O U RP
25 I F A>3 OR A< I THEN GOTO 2'C.
G
O X=X-A
"
:ID LET
II
5.. "HO. o F MATCHES LEFT=";X!"
.15
•0
, I F X=0 THEN PRINT AT 0, 0. 'Y OU WIN",0
45
F PPINT AT 0 , 0 ," M Y GO"
50 LET
R
55 GOSUB 100
: O I F D=X THEN LET X = X -I NT(RD t 20-1
G
N FPUSE 120
65
70
T I F X=0 THEN PRINT AT 0 , 0 : " 7 WIN
-P
100 FOR H=0 TO 12
5
T
THEN LET X=X-i,
105 7F .
G
1
HO
/ . - I- F1 X-2=4*H THEN LET X=X-2
O
1115 I F X-2=4*.H THEN LET X=X-3
4tH
T
,120 NE T H
O77 r7-7TuRN
1
0
SINCLAIR USER A u g u s t 2982
4
least a C20, I will copy the adventure on to it for them.
If you send a tape to me and would
like i t returned, please enclose a
SAE.
Some of the versions of Nim fi t into 1K and one is listed, while others
use machine code or show very high
skill. So people have won a copy of
my adventure for different reasons.
The version listed is a winner, from
Hugo Duncan, o f Cambridge; i t fi ts
into 1K of memory.
Duncan says that the number o f
matches may be changed by changing line 1 and line 100. He says that if
it is changed to a multiple of four,
the ZX-81 is unbeatable.
Returning to chess. I thank M r
Egdoll of Glasgow for sending some
more matches. I w i l l be including
those games b u t they take a long
time to check and comment on ready
for publishing.
I received a letter from the Electric Pencil Co of North Humberside
about chess programs in general. I
was asked to compare Chess I-ZX
chess — to the Sargon chess program and Chess ll to the TRS'-80/VG
Sargon 2.5 program. I have a Video
Genie computer and a copy o f the
Sargon 2.5 program and I can say
that if Chess II plays as well, it must
be very powerful.
Two programs were received this
month w h i ch a r e d i ffe re n t fr o m
what has been included so far. They
are Anagram a nd Crossword but
were received too late fo r review
this month. At first glance it looks as
if they are good.
The address to send answers to
problems. or about any other idea. is
Philip Joy. 130 Rush Green Road.
Romford, Essex. RM7 04QA,
5
HAVEN HARDWARE
The Wor lds largest range of ZX Hardwere
----------------_______.
---
Bet
O
M
N
I
1
1
1
V
I
__
(
1 1
THE MOST OF YOUR MICROCOMPUTER WITH
. MAKE
1 OUR POPULAR RANGE OF PROVEN B O O K S : - L
- 0 SGETTI NG ACQUAINTED WITH YOUR ZX81, by Tim Hartnett Eighty
plus programs in this 1 2 8
ELECTRONIC PROJECTS FOR THE DWI and other
- C 2p0a gSIMPLE
e b o o k ,
c omputers r'..iSiPnher, Adams
E
6
,
4
5
i n c l u d i n g
d rTE RI
a NG
u MACHI
g h NE CODE ON YOUR ZX81 O R Z)030, by Toni
- MAS
Baker
t s 1.8 0 pages leac hes machine code from fi rst princ iples
E7-50
C
5
•
8
11 499 EXPLOSIVE
GAMES FOR THE ZX81, edited by Tim Hartnett
C5•95
r I 3 4 AMAZI NG G AMES FOR THE 1K ZX81 by Alastair Gouriay
£4. 95
n THE GATEWAY GUIDE TO THE ZX81 AND 2X130, by Mark
P RO G RAMMABLE
CHARACTE R GENERATOR K I T £17.96 B U I L T 124.95
The FI RST a nd still the BE S T N O MOTHERBOARD or EDGE
CONNECTOR required. Works DIRECTLY with ZX PRINTER and 16K
MEMORY. HI GH •RES Graphplotter etc included.
FULL SI ZE KE Y BO ARD w i t h RE P E AT KE Y Et SI NGLE KE Y
RUBO UT etc
Specially designed for the ZX80 and 2X81. Still the only keyboard with
all these features,
K
I
T
E18.45 B U I L T £21.95
(REPEAT KEY E1.45 extra, SI NGLE KEY RUBO UT Et CURSOR
CONTROLS 1145 extra/
REPEATI NG KEY MODULE K I T E3.50 B U I L T £4.96
UPGRADE YOUR ZX FULL-SIZE KEYBOARDTOOUR STANDARD or
use this module with the standard keyboard.
SEE SINCLAIR USER MAY 1982
• • • TENS OF THO USANDS OF SINCLAIR COMPUTERS
ALREADY NAVE THIS FACILITY • - •
INVERSE VI DEO MODULE ( ZX 8 1 )
B U I L T £5.96
Thousands of Sinclair Owners have already seen how much clearer
their display is in white on black. W H Y NO T JO I N THE M?
ZX80 COLOURBOARD
K I T 139.95 B U I L T C49 95
ANOTHER UNIQUE PRODUCT.
Define the colour of each character square from a choice of sixteen
Position on P.C.B. for mini-motherboard.
ZX EDGE CONNECTOR (GOLD PLATED) E 2 . 2 9
ZX I / O P O RT Interlace your
computer to the real world. K I T
ZX 3K ME MO RY EXPANSI ON
Uses reliable STATIC RAM K I T
y
£6.95
El S Y MP HO NY FOR A MELANCHO LY CO MPUTER by Tim Hartnett
24 great Vic g a
,
CI 3 9 TESTE D PROGRAMS FOR TH E ACORN ATOM Best of Interface
n
e s by Tim Hartnett
edited
E
6
•
4
5
£
0 G6E TTI NG ACQ UAI NTED WI TH YOUR ACORN ATO M, by Trevor
Sharpies
a n d Tim Hartnett 1 8 4 pages . 8 0 programs , inc luding
.
draughts
E
7
,
9
5
9
ZX SPECTRUM EDGE CONNECTOR £ 2 . 9 5
ZX S O LI TAI RE CAS S E TTE Al l cassettes ar e tested befor e
dispatch £ 4 . 9 5
O THE R P RO DUCTS : Mother boar d, Num er ic Keypad, Bleeper, Single
Key Entry Module.
SAE for DETAI LS SHEETS, CO MP O NE NT PRICES Et O RDE R FO RM
HAVEN H A R D WA R E, Dept 32, 4 ASBY RO AD,
ASBY, L AMPL UG H, C U MB R I A CA14 4RR.
ZX SPECTRUM Z X 8 1 Z X SPECTRUM
Z X 81 Z X SPECTRUM Z X 8 1
GAMES
These are the best value for money games available. Don't be fooled by
the low prices t h e s e are top quality games for use on either the ZX81
16K or the ZX S P E CTRUM 48K.
(1)
12)
SUPERMI ND:
QUEST:
(3)
REVERSE;
(4)
STAR TREK:
An enhanced version of Mastermind
As reviewed by SINCLAIR USER May
1982. Battle with the monsters in real time
and collect treasures! Fast reactions
essential!
Arrange a series of digits in ascending
order.
5
11
ZX USERS CL UB is lust E9.50 IILIKI, E12.50 (Europe) for 12 issues
7
Semple copy, with many programs for your ZX computer, book,
I
softwarP a n d hardware rev iews , educ ation, c ont ac t addres s es ,
N
just Et
T
•Ar ZIA
E
,
.40 OW ZKII t prugrarns *AN 'um on your ZK Spectrum
R
b o o
Please
send
me
the items marked. i enclose E
* s
F
n O
A Namel i
V
C
c
E Address
o
,
n t
m
t
n
h
S
e Pleasep make cheques payable to INTERFACE and send the above form,
e
mor a copy,
t o I NTE RFACE , De pt. S C. 4 4 4 5 Ear ls Cour t Road,
c
London WEI 8E..11
o
t
F.kiese *Roe up to 28 clays ior delivery
r
n
u
t
m
h
s
u
45l
p
y
p
m
e
£11.96 B U I L T 113,95
THE C H E A P E S T S M A L L M E M O R Y E X P A N S I O N A V A I L A B L E
ANYWHERE.
Charaon.Over 6 0 programs and routines, ZX BASIC ex plained in
detail
£
6
.
4
5
D LE ARN PASCAL O N ZX 81 Z X S P E CTRUM O R BBC MI CRO COMPUTER WI TH Ruston,
P A S Cwhich
A L contains a 12K compaler so you can run a lim ited version
of
Pascal
on your ZX81, ZX Spectrum or BBC Mic roc omputer Book,
F
O
R
plus compiler listing
E
4
.
9
5
H
U
M
A
r LET
YOUR BBC MICRO TEACH YOU TO PROGRAM, by Tim
N
Ha dne
B
E It over
I 40
N programs, BBC BASIC I rom first principles E e . 4 5
G
S
'
,
17 T H E BBC MICRO REVEALED, by Jeremy Ruston The lull story on
b
the BBC Microcomputer for the serious user
E
9
.
9
5
y
: - GJE TTI NG
WITH YOUR VIC 20, by Tiro Hartnett, with
e ACQUAINTED
r
over
60 m
pfograr»S to get your VIC up and running from day one
e
£9.96 B U I L T £12.96
The classic game! All the usual features:
8 x 8 galaxies, photon torpedoes, phasers,
Klingons, etc - a really good game!
CASSETTE A (2X81 16K) contains games 1,2,3 and 4 - ONLY E5.96
CASSETTE B IZX SPECTRUM 48K) contains games 1,2,3 and 4 ONLY E6.96
State Cassette A or B when ordering.
Post and packing included.
Orders to:
SERIO US SO FTWARE, 7 WO O DSIDE RO AD,
BICKLEY, KENT, BR1 2ES
ZX SPECTRUM Z X 8 1 Z X SPECTRUM
ZX81 Z X SPECTRUM Z X 8 1
S I NCLAI R USER A u g u s t 1952
•111,
- . . .11.1.11 s o c r i l l
IIII
III 7.:.d i
-111110•1111MI1 111111
IS
1
1 1A
1 l Ea milli lila
41
1 1 1 11111
IMIL 11111110•
1 0
11111
1•
1
1 1 2 1M O I M O
""-L;
11111 O O0 I I
11.
' 4
91111 M
i lI lD O M
1
t
IR raga M
IMF
WOW M Kl S 1
•-
Al IA 1111111.111
t
J.
91
01
0
•
I
Andrew Hewson
1
0111111111L11_11,MIV
blanks. That mechanism creates an
11111111111111111 If MI
immediate problem fo r users withe x t r a me mo ry, a s M i c h a e l
M I N INN 121111 out
1M E
Wordruff o f Accrington h a s d i sI im11111
covered. h e writes: "1 am having
1
problems w i t h p ro g ra ms w h i c h
POKE the display because my ZX-81
ONO
1
crashes every time. For instance
5 LET Z 1 + PEEK 16396 + 256 *
V
POKE 16397
10 POKE Z. 128
1
is a disaster. What is happening?"
Wordruff's routine is attempting
1
to POKE an inverse space into the
first PRINT position and it will work
1
well on a ZX-81 w i th at least 4K of
RAM because th e display w i l l be
1
padded-out with 32 blanks per line.
Without the extra memory, no such
"
1111111.11111111 padding occurs and so the routine
will over-write the second of the 25
M
bytes containing 118, thus causing
the program to crash.
I
The solution to the problem and to
all
similar ones i s to create some
N
File problems on
display in ZX-81
thick and fast arid I am having
y
difficulty keeping pace w i th
O
them. I make a conscientious effort
U
either to answer letters individually,
via this column o r by referring to
R
Lother answers i n th e column o r
elsewhere.
E
T All t h e questions t h i s m o n th
concern the ZX-81 display file in one
Tform or another. Before tackling the
E
first, let me review some fundamenR
tal ideas. The display file is the area
S
in RAM which holds the items which
aare currently displayed on the TV
rscreen. During the program develeopment, f o r example, p a r t o f the
aprogram l i sti n g i s generally d i sand i t is the job of the LIST
rplayed
routine to copy the appropriate part
rof the program area into the display
ifile so th a t i t appears on th e TV
vscreen.
i The address o f the beginning o f
nthe display fi l e va ri e s w i t h t h e
glength o f the program and so i t i s
held in the D-FILE system variable
and can be PRINTed by entering:
PRINT PEEK 16396 + 256 *
PEEK 16397
SINCLAIR USER A ugust 1982
space at the appropriate position in
the display file by PRINTing one or
more blank characters. In that case
one space is required at the beginSimilarly, the address of the end ning o f th e fi r s t l i n e a n d so th e
of the display is held in VARS — or answer is to add the line:
more correctly is one less than the 2 PRINT " b "
value i n VAR S — a n d c a n b e where b re p re se n ts t h e sp a ce
PRINTed by entering:
character.
PRINT PEEK 16400 + 256 *
" I w o u l d l i k e t o g i ve a p r i n t
PEEK 16401-1
instruction conditional on whether
Each line displayed on the screen or n o t th e re i s anything already
is terminated by a byte containing
decimal 118 and there is one more printed a t t h e sa me position. I
solved the corresponding problem
byte at the beginning of the file also by using PEEK 16438 a n d PEEK
containing 118. As there are 24 lines 16439 b u t the use o f PEEK 16441
in the display, there a re 25 bytes and PEEK 16442 does not work. Can
containing 118 and it is essential to
the correct functioning o f the dis- you help?" asks Brian O'Donnell of
Notting Hill, London.
play software that all 25 bytes are
Page 179 of the ZX-81 Basic Propresent. If one or more is absent the
gramming M a n u a l s h o w s t h a t
ZX-81 will almost certainly crash.
With a n unexpended ZX-81 th e addresses 16438 and 16439 in the
display fi l e consists o f those 2 5 system variables area hold the x
bytes and no more unless a LIST. and y co-ordinates of the last point
PRINT or PLOT command has been to be PLOTed. as O'Donnell has disexecuted since the last CLS or RUN covered. Unfortunately the equivacommand. That is a device to keep lent information for PRINT is not
the display file as small as possible. stored. Instead the position at which
thereby saving valuable space i n the next item will be PRINTed is held
RAM. W i t h a memory expansion in 16441 a n d 16442. Th e re i s a
pack of 4K or more the ZX-81 pads- further complication; the horizontal
out the display file with 32 bytes per PRINT position is counted from right
continued on page 48
line each containing zero — i .e .,
47
continued from page 47
to left and the vertical position from
the bottom upwar ds. Thus t h e
routine
10 P R I N T "HELP-LINE"
20 L E T A = PEEK 16441
30 L E T B = PEEK 16442
40 PRINT A. B
will print the values 33 23. The first
value. 33, indicates that the PRINT
position is at the beginning of a line.
i.e.. 3 3 characters counting from
right to left from the beginning of of
the subsequent line . The second
value, 23, indicates that the line is
the 23rd from the bottom of the
screen because one line has been
used to PRINT "HELP-LINE". If line
10 is changed to
10 P R I N T "HELP-LINE";
the values PRINTed a r e 2 4 2 4 ,
because t he semi-colon prevents
skipping to the next line.
The following r a the r artificial
program PRINTs a new character
over the top of the last character
PRINTed:
10 P R I N T AT 20,0; "ENTER
VALUES FOR" "PRINT
20 I N P U T A
30 I N P U T B
rivp&.r• --t-1 05 R R C t
1 5
1 1
1 1' 6
2 0
,, 4
/N P U
y
l
.'
3
0
M
V4 .
3
.
.
,
e
. v i P
)
• 5 0
.6 :0 C I NR •0 1
•C
0
L0e
7"e01 f 11e 1 2 0
0 1 3 8
l „,6, 0
e „ v t
have on his TV. He writes: " I note
that my TV insurance cover contains a clause excluding damage
caused by the use of TV games. Can
you advise if my ZX-81 can damage
my set?"
Television screens are designed to
reproduce as faithfully as possible a
picture o f varying intensity. The
ZX-81 produces a more or less static
image of uniform intensity. The only
way in which damage is likely to
occur is if you leave the same image
on the screen for a long period with
the brightness a nd/or contrast
turned up.
In this situation it is possible that
the brightest parts of the image
become burned into t he screen.
although with the normal black-onwhite display your eyes are likely to
feel uncomfortable long before the
screen shows any ill-effects; hence
while it is possible that the ZX-81
may damage the screen, damage is
very unlikely if you keep the brightness a nd contrast a t reasonable
levels.
"1 would like to know if all the 16K
RAM packs on the market memory
map the video screen", writes Neil
4
e e l l 991r.k
,
s
1
6
-R0- -0 1 F T E R e s
F0 0/ 1 e 3c 2t l a6
0 0t45 iT
.
.
-11 s
t 9 00a. 1Te0
13
.
/ +c
t- 0
>
5
1•I , 1
cr
-r
, ek • c
,
0t 4.
, cO
0
r
t20,0:
o
40 P R13I .Nr0
A
ft T 2AT1
- "ENTER
0
CHARACTER
TO
PRINT"
o
e
56 t1
, Q•
50 I N 6P0U1
T ZS
c
-4 "
e
0
60 P R A
I N T AT A,B;Z.S;
0 16441
0B = 32 - PEEK
70 L E2-T, C
tA = 24 - PEEK
80 L E. aT0A
7 16442
T
c.0 G O T96O 40
,
, the end of line
The semi-colon
at
00
9
60 is vital.
the infor0
-- If it is omitted
1
mation as
along the
t to the position
P
line cannot
: 0
b e recovered
f r om
16441.t w9
P
o1
Ken 1
Hustwitt
of Royston. Hert, 0 i s wor r4
fordshire
ie d a bout a n y
1
adverse effects his
1 ZX-81 m ight
0
.
48
5
.
-
e;A
10
1.
1 ••••t
0 la
- o f Cannock, Staffs. T h e
Davies
• is yes: all 16K RAMs work in
answer
the same
r
fashion so far as the user is
concerned.
The area between the
i
D-File
a
n
d
V A R S addresses i s
e
mapped
k to the TV screen.
The
r most interesting letter this
month i s fr om Michael Sims o f
Dundee. I wr ot e i n a previous
f that it is not possible to have
column
/ program longer than about
a Basic
15K,eeven if more than 16K of RAM
is available,
t
because the display file
will not
function
correctly above
_
address 32767 and the ZX-81 will
or 8
crash. N o t
"No crash occurs if the display
File i s entirely be low 32767 o r
entirely above 32768 but a crash
will oc c ur i f t h e dis pla y fi l e
straddles the two addresses and is
then displayed.
"The cure is simply to ensure that
when the display file nears 32767 —
check the VARS system variable —
you enter a huge line like:
1000C LET ZERO = + + 0 + 0 +
+o+o+
"With about 100 repetitions of
+ IX such a line takes u p more
memory than the display file when
in the program area but lists in less.
When NEWL1NE is pressed display
ceases while room is made below
the display for the program line to
be inserted, pushing the display file
entirely above 32768 before display
resumes."
I tried it and it worked. In case I
was the only ZX-81 user who did not
know the trick. I contacted Bob
Branton, t he software expert a t
Memotech Ltd. which manufactures
a 64K RAM for the ZX-81. It was
news to him, too, which made me
feel better. In fact, Branton was so
pleased with the idea that he has
sent t h e n e w Mem otech highresolution graphics pack to Sims to
thank him for a neat idea.
The reason Sims' h u g e l i n e "
takes so much space in the program
area is because each 0 is followed
by six hidden bytes, the first one
containing 126 and the remainder
holding t he numerical representation of zero. I have described the
arrangement in previous columns.
The six hidden bytes are omitted
from program LISTings.
• He ws o n Consultants 1982
• Meuse addres s problems a n d queries t o
Andr ew l i ewson, Helpline, Gr aham Close,
Biewhury. Oxfordshire.
SI NCLAI R USER A u g u s t U
182
THE ZX BOOK CLUB
DUE SEPTEMBER 1982
written by the man who helped write
the documentation for the ZX Spectrum:LEARNING TO USE
THE ZX SPECTRUM
COMPUTER
o n l y
E5.95
by Robin Bradbeer. 1 0 0 pages fully illustrated.
Wok
SI
M P
1-2OR
Tofr EX8I
P RG " P u
O
t o4 P L
J
4
A C H I EN E •
S C O
E E
if C 3
C
I t E
i L
Z
? 4
E T
)
S
( C
I
8T
1R N
"
This book has been written specially to help new and prospective
owners of the ZX Spectrum to easily understand the operation and
full capabilities of this amazing new microcomputer.
Provides clear descriptions o f the hardware and functions,
describing use of the new keyboard, command keys and editing
facilities.
• Exp l a i n s simple programming using Sinclair BASIC.
• D e scri b e s graphics and colour facilities in detail.
• In cl u d e s many programs, including animation.
• Ap p e n d i ce s cover technical details and a glossary.
A LSO D U E SEPTEMB ER 1 9 8 2 — and also by Robin Bradbeer:-
LEARNING TO USE THE o n l y
ZX81
5
.
9
by RobinCOMPUTER
Bradbeer. 100 pages fully illustrated.
5
In the same series as the Learning to Use the ZX Spectrum, this new
book follows the same format, style and content and will prove an
invaluable guide for new (and experienced!) ZX81 owners.
Other bestselling titles:-
Byteing Deeper into Your 2X81 by Mark Harrison
20 Simple Electronic Projects for the ZX81 by
Stephen Adams
Mastering Machine Code on your ZX81 by Toni Baker
The ZX81 Pocket Book by TrPvor Toms
READ-OUT PUBLISHING COMPANY LTD
8 Camp Road, Farnborough, Hampshire, GU24 6EW Telephone: 0252 510331/2 Telex 858001 GOWER G
ROAD. FARNBOROUGH, HAMPSHI RE GU24 6EW.
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,
R Name
2
E Address
A
D Make cheques payable to Read Out Publishing Company Ltd
- I enclose my cheque for
Signed
O Please debit my Access n
11 LLL1 n a .
• Number J i l l
U
T
P SINCLAIR USER Augus t 1982
I j Please reserve my copyties of
,r
- If/ f5•95
]—
1
L
L Please send me c o p y / i e s of
eEl
ae Byteing Deeper into Your 2)(81
E6 45
ra
r1120 Simple Electronic Projects for
n
in
fl
i the 2X81
n
, r ZX131
t 7 ,,
n
g
The
f
4 5 ZX91
Mas Pocket Book 14 t6 95
tg
£ 8
tteringMast
o
eng
o 5 0
U
M a c h i
sU
n e
es
C o
te
d
e
t
h
o
eh
49
J214,
Disneytime cartoons come to
the land of the little Sinclair
Jack Knight considers that if it were not for the moving
characters, micros would lose much of their fascination
would not be as fascinated by
I microcomputers a s I a m .
F
Moving
characters a n d objects
I
around
the screen and making them
T is challenging with only 1K of
work
memory
and without resort to the
w
complications
of machine code.
e
The
first
thing
to prove is that obr
jects
can be moved any way around
e screen.
the
What is needed is somen
thing simple but realistic, something
o
which
is in its element whichever
t it travels in space. An aircraft?
way
f
o
r
t
h
e
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
s
I
No, speeding backwards it would
hardly be credible. So a helicopter.
To see what it looks like type-in the
following and RUN. The loop will be
needed shortly a nd we wa nt its
character co-ordinates to look at the
graphic.
In a ll tha t follows, unless it is
stated, the Vs stand for spaces.
10 F O R 1- ..0 T O aes
"
,
1
1
6
F
R
I
N
T
R
I
L
f
RUN. Simple, easy to play with,
but with a passing resemblance to
what is intended. Before you rush in
with the NEXT statement, be prepared for a program short of perfection, but RUN it as it is. as there is
a purpose. First:
30 NEXT L
RUN
It is a case of "tear along the
dotted line". M y intention was to
emphasise the need for an eraser, a
space o r spaces t o r ub out t he
character(s) le f t be hind a s t h e
graphic moves along. Edit line 20 by
inserting a space after the fi rst
inverted commas.That is the eraser
but you have not finished yet. There
is a need to include another space at
the beginning of the second part of
the graphic, otherwise t he he licopter will be lopsided. RUN.
The difficulty you have had editing a line you have only just typed-in
will be worthwhile as a reminder for
the futur e o f how essential t he
eraser is.
Another thing to remember from
the program is the TAB statement. It
caused the body of the helicopter to
be printed on the next line. The rule
is that PRINT stays on the same line
unless tha t would involve backspacing, when it moves to the next
line.
So what about bringing the helicopter ba c k across t he screen?
Delete line 10 and replace it by:
10 FOR L 2 6 TO 0 STEP-1
The eraser? With line 20 a space
is needed at the end of each of the
two parts of the graphic. RUN.
To make the aircraft move up the
screen, first replace line 10 by:
10 FOR L = 19 TO 0 STEP -1
Then change line 20 to:
ZV P I N T
L O E MV l" i
3,
I
S
T
I
'
F 6 1 /
"
3 i , 4
4
fl
. .
4
i l g
/
7
I i i
M T L.
1
RUN
That i s t h e le a s t successful
50
SI NCLAI R USER Augus t 2982
moving
graphics
decreasing. Type-in:
20 P R IN T
0 T
L . 1 0 - L 4 ; ( 0
.7,P ACE .1
RUN
Notice that once you know how, it
is easy t o handle increasing a n d
decreasing numbers a t th e same
time (L and 1 9 -4
Before we leave the helicopter let
it sh o w u s i t s p ro fi l e , hovering,
rotars turning. Alter the last part of
the graphics o f line 20 and type-in
new lines as follows:e,
ZE
.
30
P
4R 0
i
5I 0
-N 6T 0
d
•
.
,
fais
FOR 0 . 1 T O 1 0 0
P A IN T A T 1 , 1 9
•
P R IN T A T 1 . 1 0 ;
- - , r o e
N E X T M
U V . 1 a0 1 i
A
1 -T 2
2
;
"
RUN
Finally, having experimented to
lay the groundwork, that is the moment to ru n an animated cartoon,
but d o n o t e xp e ct a full-length
feature — remember it is only a 11(
RAM. Perhaps, however, i t will set
you on the w a y to designing your
own graphics.
Before you RUN the cartoon, here
are some hints, as you will be hard
We have n o t finished yet. I t i s up against the limit of the memory.
also possible to move an image diag- Operate N EW before you start, to
onally u p o r down th e screen i n clear everything first. If you need to
either direction. Staying w i th o u r EDIT and the ZX will not bring down
patient helicopter, we will try one of the line. CLEAR and then operate
the more difficult — that is from the EDIT immediately. If the graphics do
top right corner to the bottom left; it not l o o k co rre ct, g o o v e r t h e
is d i ffi cu l t because character co- variables, c h e c k t h e n u mb e r o f
ordinates must be used with the one spaces and the characters to shake
i n c r e a s i n g a n d t h e o t h e r out the bugs.
L
.
1
9
1
—
direction t o move a graphic, f o r
technical reasons. Before leaving
this program. notice the string o f
erasers inserted to clean-up a fte r
the graphic.
To complete movement in the four
main d i re cti o n s, t h e h e l i co p te r
needs t o b e b ro u g h t d o w n t h e
screen. Replace lines 10 and 20 by:
LO W O O
L _ . 0
T C.
IL O
cf
Z O 1P 3
R I .N T A T 1 - 1 3 . ;
Towl
..
"
- 1 5RUN
5 R a L
--.-It has probably already occurred
to- some that it should be possible to
tAm
fly the machine around the back of
the screen. So add:
40
SO
00
70
C L
FO
NE
P U
5
R L . 1
xT L
N
T O
S O
RUN
The PAUSE statement could have
been used instead of lines 50 and 60
but an empty loop has the advantage
that it is free of the irritating flash.
The count fro m 1 to 50 i s approximately one second — th e same
number o f screens p e r second on
British TV.
S1NCLAIRUSER August 1982
l e P R I N T A T S ,S ; "BOOMERANG"
20 PAUSE 7 5
SO L E T 4
- 0 FO P L = o T o 1 0
50 P R I N T A T 1 S L )
4 . 1 V v v
11.111111.•
2
6 0 r NmE iXl Tl L
.* Lfs7To
$1 3
T A B
-0 - P A U 3 E S O
4 8 -8
L 0 F O R L = 2 "0 T O 2 0
I W Tu A lT 1
L -9
V0 P
i Rd
t 5 , " V I r "
10
0 N E x r L
7
; 110 P R I N T A T
- 0I F O R L = 1 T O1 51 31 " V "
V 1 .2
M13
P0 P R I N T A T
140 NE X T L
H 1 I5 0M P R I N T A T
M1 6
M0 P A U S E S O
o 1 t7 0 P R I N T A T
e 1 0 3 AS
•; T1 R
80 PAUSE 5 0
• 190 P R I N T A T
200
210
PAUSE
P R I N T
1 L ; " V u "
1 B , 1 9 V "
1 5 , 1 4 " f e
5PRCE5)
•A
St
1 6 , 1 V " ; T A 8
1 0 0
A T 1 0 , 1 2 3 T H E
1 9 ;
E ND"
51
New1X81 Software
from Sinclair.
A whole new range of soft ware for
the Sinclair ZX81 Personal Computer
is now available - direct from Sinclair.
Produced by l a and Psion. these
really excellent cassettes cover
games, education, and business/
household management.
Some of the more elaborate programs can only be run on a ZX81
augmented by the ZX 16K RAM pack.
(The description of each cassette
makes it clear what hardware is
required.) The RAM pack provides 16times more memory in one complete
module, and simply plugs into the rear
of a ZX81. And the price has just been
dramatically reduced to only E29.95.
The Sinclair ZX Printer offer full
alphanumerics and highly-sophisticated
graphics. A special feature is COPY
which prints out exactly what is on the
whole TV screen without the need for
further instructions. So now you can
print out your results for a permanent
record. The ZX Printer plugs into the
rear of your ZX81. and you can
connect a RAM pack as well.
Games
Cassette Gl: Super Programs 1 (ICL)
Hardware required Z X81.
Price - E4_95.
Programs - Invasion from Jupiter
Skittles. Magic Square. Doodle. Kim
Liquid Capacity.
Description - Five games programs
plus easy conversion between pints/
gallons and litres
Cassette G2: Super Programs 2 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81.
Price - E4.95.
Programs - Rings around Saturn.
Secret Code. Mindboggling. Silhouette,
Memory Test. Metric conversion,
Description - Five games plus easy
conversion between inches/feet/yards
and centimetres/metres.
Cassette G3: Super Programs 3 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81.
Price - E4_95.
Programs - Train Race. Challenge.
Secret Message. Mind that Meteor.
Character Doodle, Currency Conversion.
Description - Fives games plus currency
conversion at will - for example,
dollars to pounds.
Cassette G4: Super Programs 4 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81.
Price E 4 95.
Programs - Down Under. Submarines.
Doodling with Graphics. The Invisible
Invader Reaction. Petrol.
Description - Five games plus easy
conversion between miles per gallon
and European fuel consumption figures.
Cassette G5: Super Programs 5 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM.
Price - E4.95.
Programs - Martian Knock Out.
Graffiti. Find the Mate.
Labyrinth. Drop a Brick.
Continental.
Description - Five
games plus easy
conversion
between English and
continental dress sizes.
Cassette G6:
Super Programs 6 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM,
Price - E4_95.
Programs - Galactic Invasion. Journey
into Danger. Create. Nine Hole Golf.
Solitaire Day light Robbery.
Description - Six games making full use
of the ZX81's moving graphics capability.
Cassette G7: Super Programs 7 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81
Price: - E4.95.
Programs Rac etr ac k . Chase NIM
Tower of Hanoi Docking the Spaceship_
Golf.
Description - Six games including the
fascinating Tower of Hanoi problem.
Cassette G8: Super Programs 8 (1CL)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM.
Price - E4.95.
Programs - Star Trail (plus blank tape on
side 2).
Description - Can you, as Captain
Church of the UK spaceship Endeavour,
rid the galaxy of the Klingon menace?
Cassette G9: Biorhythms (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM.
Price - E6,95.
Programs - What are Biorhythms?
Your Biohythms.
Description - When will you be at your
peak (and trough) physically,
emotionally, and intellectually?
Cassette G10: Backgammon (Psion)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM,
Price E5 . 9 5 .
Programs - Backgammon. Dice.
Description - A great program, using
fast and effi cient machine code, with
graphics board, rolling dice, and doubling dice, The dice program can be
used for any dice game.
Cassette G11: Chess (Psion)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM
Price - E6.95.
Programs - Chess. Chess Clock.
Description - Fast, effi cient machine
code, a graphic display of the board and
pieces, plus six levels of ability, combine
to make this one of the best chess programs available. The Chess Clock
program can be used at any time.
Cassette G12:
Fantasy Games (Psion)
Hardware required - ZX81 (or ZX80
with 8K BASIC ROM) + 16K RAM
Price - E4.75.
Programs - Perilous Swamp. Sorcerer's
Island,
Description - Perilous Swamp rescue
a beautiful princess from the evil wizard.
Sorcerer's Island: you're marooned, To
escape, you'll probably need the help
of the Grand Sorcerer.
Cassette G13:
Space Raiders and Bomber (Psion)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM.
Price - E3.95.
Programs - Space Raiders. Bomber.
Description - Space Raiders is the ZX81
version of the popular pub game.
Bomber: destroy a city before you hit a
sky-scraper.
Cassette G14: Right Simulation (Psion)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM_
Price - E5_95.
Program - Flight Simulation (plus blank
tape on side 2).
Description - Simulates a highly
manoeuvrable light aircraft with full
controls, instrumentation, a view through
the cockpit window, and navigational
aids. Happy landings!
Education
Cassette El: Fun to Learn series English Literature 1 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81 +16K RAM.
Price - E6.95.
Programs - Novelists. Authors.
Description - Who wrote 'Robinson
Crusoe*? Which novelist do you
associate with Father Brown?
Cassette E2: Fun to Learn series English Literature 2 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM.
Price - E6.95.
Programs - Poets, Playwrights. Modern
Authors.
Description - Who wrote 'Song of the
Shirt'? Which playwright also played
cricket for England?
Cassette 83: VU-CALC (Psion)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM
Price - £7.95.
Program - VU-CALC.
Description - Turns your ZX81 into an
immensely powerful analysis chart.
VU-CALC constructs, generates and
calculates large tables for applications
such as financial analysis, budget
sheets, and projections. Complete with
full instructions.
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Cassette 134: VU-A LE (Psion)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM.
Price - E7.95.
Cassette E3: Fun to Learn
series - Geography 1 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81 +
16K RAM.
Price - L6_95.
Programs - Towns in England and
Wales. Countries and Capitals of Europe.
Description - The computer shows you
a map and a list of towns. You locate
the towns correctly. Or the computer
challenges you to name a pinpointed
location.
Cassette E4: Fun to Learn series History 1 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM.
Price - £6.95.
Programs - Events in British History.
British Monarchs.
Description - From 1066 to 1981. find
out when important events occurred.
Recognise monarchs in an identity
parade.
Cassette E5: Fun to Learn series Mathematics 1 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM.
Price - £6.95.
Programs - Addition/Subtraction.
Multiplication/Division.
Description - Questions and answers
on basic mathematics at different
levels of difficulty.
ri)
Cassette E6: Fun to Learn series Music 1 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM.
Price - E6.95.
Programs - Composers. Musicians.
• D es c r iption - Which instrument does
James Galway play? Who composed
'Peter Grimes'?
4.
Cassette El: Fun to Learn series Inventions 1 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM.
Price - £6.95.
Programs - Inventions before 1850.
Inventions since 1850.
Description - Who invented television?
What was the 'dangerous Lucifer'?
Cassette E8: Fun to Learn series Spelling 1 (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM.
Price - E6.95.
Programs - Series A1-A15. Series B1-B15.
Description - Listen to the word spoken
on your tape recorder, then spell it out
on your ZX81. 300 words in total
suitable for 6-11year olds.
Business/household
Cassette Bl: The Collector's Pack (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM.
Price - E9.95.
Program - Collector's Pack, plus blank
tape orside 2 for program/data storage.
Description - This comprehensive program should allow collectors (of stamps,
coins etc_) to hold up to 400 records of
up to 6 different items on one cassette.
Keep your records up to date and
sorted into order.
Cassette B2: The Club Record
Controller (ICL)
Hardware required - ZX81 + 16K RAM.
Price - E9.95.
Program - Club Record Controller plus
blank tape on side 2 for program/data
storage.
Description - Enables clubs to hold
records of up to 100 members on one
cassette. Allows for names, addresses,
'phone numbers plus five lots of
additional information e g type of
membership
1
-
Programs - E x a m p l e s .
Description - A general-purpose information storage and retrieval program
with emphasis on user-friendliness and
visual display. Use it to catalogue your
collection, maintain records or club
memberships, keep track of your
accounts, or as a telephone directory.
How to order
Simply use the FREEPOST order
form below and either enclose a
cheque or give us your credit card
number. Credit card holders can order
by phone - simply call Camberley
(0276) 66104 or 21282 during office
hours. Either way, please allow up to
28 days for delivery, and there's a
14-day money-back option, of course.
SOFTWARE
Sinclair Research Ltd.
Stanhope Road. Camberley, Surrey,
GU15 3PS.
Tel: Camberley (0276) 66104 & 21282
To: Sinclair Research, FREEPOST, Camberley, Surrey, G1115 38R
Please send me the items I have indicated below
Oty Cassette
ham
Code ado* Total
30 £4.95
31 £4.95
32 E4.95
33 C4 95
34 t a 9 5
35 C4 9 5
36 La 9 5
Oty Cassette
Hem
Code pr i ce Total
E2 English Literature 2 4 5
9 5
- - GI Super Programs 1
02
E3 Geoora_n_i
4
8
£895
,
03
E4 Histog 1
4
7
L695
E5
Mathematics
1
4
8
t 6 95
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04 Super Programs 4
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65 Super Programs 5
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51 t 6 95
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52 L 9 95
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B1 Collectors Peck
GS: Super Programs S
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Record
Controller
5
3
L 9 95
38 £6.95
09: Biorhythms
rP
i53 VU-CALC
5
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7 95
39
£5.95
GIO Ba ckga mmon
c
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54
VU-FILE
5
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£6.95
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for S I NCLAI R Com puters
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Keyboards/ Ram Pac k s , 1 / 0 Po r t s ,
Monitors, G /R oms ; Games , Ser ious ,
Home! Business, Educ ation Programs;
Books Et Magazines.
544 275 284 27
01
0 1s preads heet program f or t he Sinc lair ZX8 1
An adv anc ed
wit h 1 6 K _
2
This
versatile
s of t ware allows manipulat ion and inspection
0
of
mos
t convenient way ever. Ideal for fi nancial
R Adata
M . in t he
4
2
planning. personal
budgeting, cashf low analysis and countless o t h e r 3bus ines s , h o m e , s c ient ifi c a n d t e c h n i c a l
applications
The screen acts as a window on a muc h larger grid lup to 38
x 38) of titles and numbers I up t o 9 digits). Change one
number or f ormula and all dependant results change automatically. Save on tape or printout for a permanent record.
Tasks t h a t w o u l d t a k e h o u r s w i t h p e n c i l p a p e r a n d
calculator c a n b e p e r f o r m e d o n s e c o n d s w i t h
COMPLI TACALC ZX•
Cassette and booklet — €7.95. Available f rom W. H. Smit h,
Better Computer shops and mail order from SILICON TRICKS,
Dept 57 2-4 Chichester Rents, London WC2 1E1. ITel: 01-603
6074I
68 L
I .
I.
C.
C)
ULU
NO W
AVAI LABLE
SPECTRACALC for
Pc.
Also — N o w s toc k ing B o o k s a n d
Software f o r SPECT RUM, B B C a n d
VIC 20.
MICROWARE
Closed
Thursday
Spectrum 161‹ 11 48K Aii features ot comeutacalcZX
Open
9.30
530
MICROWARE
and more - E12.96 mail ordet only
2I
ZX81 USER'S HANDBOOK
Trevor J Terrell and Robert J Simpson
ZX81 owners wishing to iearn more about their
computer will want this book I t answers many
questions about BASIC and machine code
programming. and it explains the Z*81 hardware
and how it operates. Programs in BASIC and
machine code are included, to illustrate many ot
the points covered in the text and to help readers
develop their own programs
0 408 01 223 4 1 4 4 pages approx C 4 95 approx
H O R R O R A D V E N TU R E G A M E I
Occupying ov er 1 3
adventure
g a me f or t he ZX 8 1 w i t h 1 6K RA M. f o r only
1
E3.95!
/2K
oEntf er Drac ula's t omb at 3 0 minut es t o sunset
wa
r t hrough
m ned em
o r y t h e t omb' s pre-mapped 3 0 0 v ault s i n
;earch of the fabled Vampire's Treasure p i c k qp valuable
,
-Aver stakes and use t hem t o def end y ours elf against t he
a
lurking horrors g h o u l s . zombies, pits of primaeval slime
sSee tuhempall on
e t he ZX8 1 s plan of t he t omb w h e n it
r.vill let
b you' Tak e a chance on a Mystery Vault i f you dare'
3And all t he t ime t he minut es are t ic k ing by t o sunset
when
Drac ula rises f rom his coffi n and c omes af t er y ou'
D
gEach rof thea infi nite levels of the t omb has its own 300 vaults
as you like. the Prince of Darkness will seek
p gohas deep
i
you
osu t i n h i s blood-lus t ' W A R N I N G : p e o p l e o f a n
c
exceptionally nerv ous dis pos it ion s hould play t his g a me
only during the hours of daylight' Spec ial facility enables a
game in progress to be saved on tape so you can continue it
whenev er you choose
Price of only E3. 95 inc ludes ready -t o-load cassette wit h
library case and inlay, full instructions, postage and packing
Order t oday ' Money ref unded if not delight ed' Send cash.
0 or cheque to
54
131 M e lt o n Road
Leic es ter
Tel: 0533 681812
MO V I E DRO ME V I DE O I Dept SU3I ,
,r• A V . ' •
11j0
H
A
5
11:M
s BOOK Robin Norman
ZX131 BASIC
Covers the basic
] 1K version, the additional facilities
offered by the 16K expansion RAM and how to use
g l Th e re are 14 original
the Sinclair Z* Printer
programs for you
2 to run on the machine (for 1K and
16K versions), and for those contused by computer
I isn't?) there is a glossary of
jargon a n d who
technical termsM
Robin
I Norman assumes no initial
knowledge of computing and his undemanding
writing style is perfect for a beginner's introduction
0 408 011 78 5 1 7 6 pages E 4 95
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SINCLAIR USER A u g u st 1982
inside
sinclair
Claudia Cooke talks to Rick Dickinson, Sinclair industrial
designer, who won a Design Council award for the ZX-81.
Modest award-winner sets
the pace in micro design
Graduating fro m the Newcastle i n d u s t r i a l d e s i g n e r . H e i s
responsible fo r the appearance o f
designer R i c k Dickinson i s Polytechnic pioneering i n d u stri a l Sinclair products down to the layout
A
modest a b o u t h i s achieve- design course, Dickinson a n d h i s of th e components inside and the
W
ments, w h i ch s o f a r include th e classmates are equipped, theoreti- pattern o f i n fo r m a ti o n o n t h e
A
ZX-81, fo r which he won a Design cally, t o design a n yth i n g " f r o m
knives and forks to ocean tankers". keyboards. His membrane keyboard
Council award, and the Spectrum,
R
for the ZX-81 was revolutionary and
Dickinson p ro d u ce d i te m s a s
"
I
don't
think
I
have
ever
been
D
diverse as a chain saw and a road largely responsible for the low retail
delighted
w
i
t
h
a
n
yth
i
n
g
I
h
a
v
e
price of the product.
done", says this blond. 26-year-old tanker during h i s fi r s t ye a r a s a
Dickinson has learned that price
W
qualified
industrial
designer,
which
"There always seems to be
is the ultimate justification and on
Iprodigy.
he spent freelancing in Wales.
room for improvement".
He had already spent some time all his designs he has to bear in mind
N Dickinson is a meticulous worker
the c o s t fa c to r a s w e l l a s t h e
Nand while both the ZX-81 and the working fo r Clive Sinclair while he straightforward appearance of any
I Spectrum a r e selling beyond a l l was studying fo r his degree and i t item.
was n o t l o n g b e f o r e h e w a s
Nexpectations, h e adds: " I w o u l d absorbed as a full-time member o f
The membrane keyboard was a
never
let
anything
go
to
production
continued on page 56
G
sta ff a n d t h e c o m p a n y 's s o l e
unless
I
was
happy
with
i
t".
i
55
n
S1NCLAIRUSER A u g u st 1982
d
t
r
4
Wi tl Eb
b
continued from page 55
great success and Sinclair has had
to cope with numerous pirate copies
since i t s inception b u t, a s w i t h
everything, it had its disadvantages.
Its main disadvantage w a s i ts inability to register touch. To ensure
you have a response it is necessary
to look at the screen — there is no reassuring click when you touch each
key.
For the Spectrum. Dickinson has
returned to a raised keyboard but
again he has produced a fi r s t b y
making it from rubber.
He says: " I l i ke th e Spectrum
much more than the ZX-81. It was
much quicker to design b u t much
more complicated. I t is a step upmarket and I was really trying hard
for a super-smart machine. It is not
for q u i t e t h e s a m e a m a t e u r
market".
The process o f design i s a long
one. Normally i t begins when Clive
Sinclair outlines his idea to Dickinson. including h i s demands about
size. " H e w i l l resolve i n h i s own
mind the specifications and he
always say how small it has to be. I
think how can i t be that small? Yet
he is always right in the end and we
produce something w h i ch seemed
impossible to me in the beginning".
Armed w i th his brief. Dickinson
then spends a fe w days w i th h i s
sketchbook, exploring ideas, but he
likes to begin work in three dimen-
Rick Dickinson ut work in his yt r
possible place. Perhaps th e most
d i ffi cu l t p a r t i s t h e ke yb o a rd .
Dickinson says: "We spent a great
deal o f time on that. I t is the only
interface between the user and the
product and i t has to be right. We
were trying also to cra m on more
information than anyone had every
done. I believe th a t fo r m should
follow function".
Design of the ZX-81 took about six
months i n a l l . Th e Spectrum w a s
quicker b u t w i t h a l l h i s m a j o r
projects Dickinson also has to set
aside time fo r add-ons to existing
'That is the exciting thing in this company;
many products are the first of their type
so you are in on something new.'
sions as quickly as possible and is
soon mo d e l l i n g i n P e r s p e x o r
plasticine.
The next stage is to produce the
finished mo d e l i n Pe rsp e x b u t
obviously i t h a s n o components
inside — i t is produced as a solid
block.
That model is detailed, even down
to the graphics which Dickinson has
painted on. Layout o f the interior
follows, with the designer using all
his powers o f logic to ensure th a t
each component i s i n t h e b e s t
56
computers — th e w o r k i s never
finished. His main project now is the
fl at-tube T V , e x p e c te d t o b e
launched later this year.
His biggest problem w i th that is
that S i n c l a i r h a s a l re a d y b e e n
working o n i t f o r s o m e ti n i cL
Normally he is briefed at the same
time as the electronic engineers but
this t i m e t h e i n si d e i s a l re a d y
finished. I t i s also another fi r s t,
which me a n s D i cki n so n c a n n o t
research b y looking a t e xi sti n g
products in the field.
"That is the most exciting thing
with this company, you know; many
products are the first of their type,
so you a re really i n on something
new
Dickinson is content with his life
at th e moment i n e ve ry w a y. A t
school he liked the sciences and the
arts and his job ensures that he
remains involved in both. He spent
one year on a foundation course at
art co l l e g e a t Gr i m s b y b e fo r e
starting to read fo r his degree and
feels th e experience w a s invaluable. He is happy w i th his work a t
Sinclair. When he started almost
three years ago the staff numbered
five. Today it is 30 and the company
is going fro m strength to strength.
crushing the effects of the recession
as it marches on.
"We all work very closely, very
much as a team. Most of the information is in people's heads. There is no
time to be formal and put it down on
paper. I t is a good atmosphere i n
which to work".
For this award-winning Yorkshireman, i t abounds w i th opportunity, too. He has already entered
the Spectrum for this year's Design
Council awards and on his drawing
board are the initial stages o f the
flat-tube TV — another first, and
possibly another award.
SI NCLA M USER Augus t 1982
RENUMBERSTHEPARTSOTHER
PROGRAMSDON'TREACH
DUO M.C.
16K
SOFTWARE
ZX81 RENUMBER-DELETE
ZXC ARCADE PLUS PACK:
SLOT — A graphical simulation o f a fruit
machine. With Hold and Nudge features.
BREAKOUT + SUPER PROGRESSIVE BREAKOUT
DODGEMS — w i th increasing difficulty. Can you
evade the computer cars and clear all the dots.
LIFE — On a maximum 64)(48 screen grid
Send cheque. postal order for f 7.95 to:
A. READMAN
SOFTWARE,
16 South Row. Eldon. Biship Auckland, Go. Durham
DL14 8 UT
Mail order only, trade enquiries welcome
Tuckedsafelyaway in highmemory this fast MX programreally lives
upto its name.Selecteither blocks,single lines or the wholeprogram.
SpecifytheSTARTnumber.theNEWstart number.theINCREMENT.
andtheSTOPnumber.HIT theKEYand it's ALLDONE.ByALLwe
meanALLGOTOS.GOSUBS.LIST.LUSTS.&RUNSwhichhavebranch
addressesin the affected region.DELETEallowsyou to selectLINES
orBLOCKSandINSTANTLYremovethem from the program.VERY
FAST,no waiting,an extremely well written program.£6.00 including
V.AT.andPOST.
ZX81 T O O L K I T
AlongwithRENUMBER/DELETE.a further 3 utilities are included to
makethis a must for seriousprogrammers.111FIRSTREMEXPANDER
Expandthe firstREMby anyspecified length.Easy to use.Type1REM
followed by anyCHARACTER.Call theEXPANDERSPECIFYthe
numberofBYTESto add.A fewBLINKSlater and its DONE.(2)
DECIMALREMLOADER.Use this to loadDECIMALCODEinto the first
REM.ALLOWSuse of the existing line edit facilities.Soeasy to use.(3)
66BYTEMEMORYLISTER.Startwhereyou like. Specify the start
addressand immediately the contentsand locations of 66 bytes will be
DISPLAYEDor PRINTED.OneSINGLEKEYSTROKEwill thenpage
FORWARDSorBACKWARDSasyou wish.Well written in Mode
USEFULANDFASTTOO!!E8.00 inclusive. If you're notconvinced
sendE1.00 and we'll send the instructions. If you buy within 14 days
youcan deductthe £1.00.
WORKFORCE.140WILSDENAVE.
LUTONBEDS LWSHR
ZX81 H E W S O N CONSULTANTS Z X 8 1
HINTS A N D TIP S FOR TH E
ZX81 by Andre w He ws on E 3 _ 9 5
L• S
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P U C K M A N N E W!
64K MEMO PACK
a a n o t o t , tot m o t , a t m . , .
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SINCLAIR USER August 1982
competition
Pretend to be
Ian Botham:
win a printer
This month we are awarding the last of our five Sinclair printers in our
monthly competition, for which we expect the response to be as good as for
the first four.
To continue the emphasis of our Bumper Summer Special, we would like
you to write a program to simulate the game of cricket. There is no limit to
the size of memory which can be used but we must insist that entries are on
cassette, accompanied by a typed or beautifully hand-written listing.
The judges will be looking for a program which attempts to include as many
of the complexities of the game as possible. The Owzat form of the game
will not be sufficient.
As a tie-break, should one be necessary, we want you to write a slogan
beginning with the words: "I read Sinclair User because
Entries must reach us by August 16.
The usual rules about the editor's decision being final and employees of
ECC Publications being ineligible apply.
99
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••••••-• • • • • •
fi NTO 011.Nri
Complete this slogan., which will be used as a tie-brealc.
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t S i n c l a i r User because • • • • • • • • t• • • • • . . . . .
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1 6 K
ZX Software
SCREEN KIT 1 M O R E POWERTOYOURSCREEN
In Basic programs
TAS WORD
WORD PROCESSING ON THE Z X8 1
Your 21181 becomes a word processor with TASWORD. Type in
letters, documents and pictures, store them on tape, and edit and
update existing documents. With a printer, which is not essential,
you can print your documents.
TASWORD FEATURES INCLUDE
• OVER 3 0 0 LINES of text in a text file.
• CURSOR CONTROL and auto repeat on all keys.
• SCROLL up and down through the text file
'
•, FULL DO H character set inclUding inverse characters and
A graphics symbols
• INSERTION AND DELETION of lines and characters,
U
CA HELP PAGE onto the screen at the touch of a key.
T
• CENTRE text on the screen, and move text left and r ight
O
• REFORMING of edited text to a neat layout with a single
M keystroke.
A
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We
I send you a manual and a cassette. One side contains
I ASWORD. The other side contains TASWORD and TASWORD
C
TUTOR. This teaches you word processing using TASWORD. No
w
programming
knowledge is required to use TASWORD
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Mail order only
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i n n c and short range scanners, etc.
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o 16K S UP E R WLI MP US ; Ca n y ou hunt a nd catch t he
n Mysterious w um pus i n hi s under gr ound labyr inth? I ntr i gui ng
EEO . underground adventure,
TASWORD TUTOR
E6.50
BORDERS•anysize -anywhereonscreen
SCROLL- inALLFOURdirections
FILLSCREEN- anygraphic or character
CLEARandREVERSEPARTOFSCREEN• any part
FLASHINGCURSOR- anywhereonscreen- simulatesINPUT
wtihDATAFILES
SAVEBASICVARIABLES oncassette
LOAD badi into ANY program
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programme :a m m i be used writ Bas,r, orngrams C W
REM-LOAD MACHINE CODEENTRY/DEBUG
CA mum ur it MCwitnuut theSAVUE0A1)NERIFYStales
•ENTER, RUN, 0E-BUGmachine coder Raw REMlines
'Operates ironabove RAM/OP
OCuntpabbilityretniBasm
•Supplied oncassettevorth
30 page manual Ion ONLY -
SMfur nitre cletels al software
IEK to 64K
ZX SPECTRUM
E6.95
Inc VAT & P P
CW 0
P i c t u r e s 'que
6CORKSCREW HILL WEST W P M ' , NEM Bile 988
mai mkt wily - Mow 11 days "awry
PLEASESTATECOMPUTER6100EL
ZX81/16K SOFTWARE
L. " S T A R T R E K "
E 4 . 9 5
fl " S U P E R - W I M P U S " E 4 . 9 5
MEI
111
E " G R A P H I C - GOLF" £ 4 9 5
16K GRAPHI C GOLF: Try Out your golfing expertise, on the
computer's golf course, 18-different graphically display holes
Hazards, include lakes, trees, wind, rough etc.
"GAMES PACK 1" E 4 . 9 5
M=I
OMNI
18K GAMES PACK 1: Fantastic value for money, nearly 50K of
programs on one cassette. Five games including "Real Time
Graphic
Mastermind,
L u n
a r
L a
n d
e r
SILVERSOFT
(Dep. SLI71
35
, Bader Park, Bowerhill,
Melksham, Wiltshire.
S t
a r
w a
1•111
1EE
Z X -ARCADE ACTI ON
El N E W ! ! "MUNCHERII" E 5 . 9 5
At last Pacman for your 2X-81, all the arcade features plus! ?
software for the OS character board,
LI " S P A C E - I N V A D E R S " E 4 . 9 5
Simply the best yet, the closest thing to real Invaders on the
ZX81. Full arcade features! including 1 or 2 player option and
software to drive the OS character-board.
LI
£ "AS5TE ROI. DS " 9
1
5
Authentic representation of the arcade game including L. R.
thrust and fire controls, 5-levels of play and alien spaceships,
"DROPOUT"
I mo
I go
E 5 . 9 5
Exciting NEW arcade game. Can you destroy the aliens before
they build up in their atomic plies and overwhelm you.
Dealers enquires welcome, generous discounts.
MIN
When ordenng 2 or more deduct 11.00 Send S A E tor Catalog111.
Tick boxets) required
Cheques/ POs payable to "SILVER SOFT"
Name
I NN
MIN
Address
rimm
EMI
=I M
MIR
W A N T E D LXI31
_ _ ,S
Spectrum. BBC Micro Software
EKcellent Novrililes
S
A E 1
0 , GAr
e cade
n . ' s games run in 4K
All
SI NCLAI R USER Augus t 19112
Facilities to
include
Spectrum
Membership fee
can be recovered
Prices cut by Thurnall
THE U SER C LU B i s t o
expand i t s facilities t o
cater f o r t h e gr owing
number o f S p e c t r u m
owners. F o r t h e s a m e
annual subscription of E12
they will be able to take
advantage o f t he e x tr a
benefits which have been
available t o ot he r Z X
owners f or the last t wo
months.
The benefits include the
Our other offer features Thurnall Elec- bi-m onthly , c a s s e t t e based newsletter which is
tronics, whic h produces a number of
hardware add-ons for the Z.X-81. Among being re-recorded so that
it c a n be used with the
the products available from Thurnall are
inputioutput ports, motherboards a nd Spectrum and will contain
Spectrum programs.
joysticks.
To e ns ur e t h a t e a c h
AU these Thurnall goods we can offer member r e c e iv e s t h e
to members at a discount of 10 percent.
The discounts from I K Greye a nd correct cassette, please
Thurnall Electronics are open until the denote which machine you
end of August. To allow new members to own by ticking the box on
take advantage of these very generous the application form below.
offers you can include an order with your Meet the first
member of our
membership application. A f o r m i s
club on p.62
printed below.
our Sinclair User Club, we have
F
decided to make a n extra special
O
series o f o f f e r s t o o u r g r o w i n g
L
membership
this month.
Two
offe
r
s w i l l b e a v a ila ble e x L
clusively
to club members. If advantage is
O
taken
of
both,
they will cover the cost of
W
membership
many times over.
I We a r e able
to a llow members the
N
opportunity to buy a series of software
G
items
and hardware add-ons at discount
tprices.
h Members will be able to obtain a 20
percent
discount of f a ll the J K Greye
e
range
of
software. l K Greye produces
g
some of the best software on the market.
o
Following its remarkable 3 D Monster
o
Maze, recently i t ha s introduced 3 D
d
Defender, which our reviewer this month
r
considers
to be another success.
e Those and the rest of the I K Greye
srange are now available at a discount of
20 percent.
p
o The offer is available only through the
Sinclair U s e r C l u b a n d c a nnot b e
n
obtained in any of the retail outlets which
sstock the I K Greye range.
e
List price Club price r
t JK Greve Software
E3.95 E 3 . 1 5
Gamestape
o
E3.95 E 3 . 1 5
Gamestape 2
E4.95 E 3 . 9 5
Catacombs
E4.95 E 3 . 9 5
3D Monster Maze
E4.95 E 3 . 9 5
3D Defender
El .95 E 1 . 5 5
Breakout
MEMBERSHIP
FORM
I wish to join the Sinclair User Club and enclose
my subscription of E12
Name
Thurnall Electronics
List price Club price
E14.95
E13.45
Input/output port (kit)
E17.95
E16.55
assembled
E13.45
E14.95
Four-channel relay box
£8.95
EBBS
Eight-way transistor driver
E11.65
E12.95
Eight-way indicator unit
E12.95
E11.65
Joystick
E14.35
E15.95
Motherboard
E41.95
E4.45
Power supply
Full details of all these items can be
found in advertisements in Sinclair User
SINCLAIR USER A ugust1962
6
Address
Which computer do you own?
ZX-81 E S p e c t r u m
Send y our coupons t o Sinclair U s e r C lub,
ECC Publications, 30-31 Islington Green, London
N i 813j. Cheques should be made payable to
Sinclair User Club.
1
Sinclair helps in ) f
work, rest and play 1
11
*
,
1
1
T
our S inc la ir U s e r
Club
i s a n enthusiastic
H
Sinclair
s uppor te r . H e manager with a large in- the 9 V needed f o r t h e
E
was
one
of
the first to ob- t e r na t iona l c om pa ny , Sinclair to be used away
F
tain
a ZX-81, he took a Lown has made full use of from a mains supply.
I
year's subscription f o r his system both for work
It had its first showing
R
Sinclair
User as soon as it and in his hobby of motor towards the end of June in which was the time needed
S announced a n d h e sport.
was
the Cossack Rally in North to sort through all the inT
placed
his order for the
**I use it to run telephone Humberside. At the start it formation:• Lown said.
m
Spectrum
some time ago.
traffic analysis. I I is not listed details of the comHe fi r s t h a d contact
ecomplicated, just number- petitors, scrolling them up with computers 25 years
out
mWthe ZX-80 I decided to crunching, but there is a so that all of them could be ago a nd wa s a founder
wait,
b h but when the ZX-81 good deal of work involved included. At the ond it pro- member of the H ull a nd
arrived
I put in an order and it saves me plenty of vided the results.
District br a nc h o f t h e
ee
straight a w a y . " P e t e r time", he said.
" I t t o o k a b o u t 2 5 British Computer Society.
r n 6 2 , o f Strathmore
Lown.
Recently he has devel- minutes t o input a l l the In those days he was workoS
Avenue,
H u l l , N o r t h oped a program to display figures but we were able to ing on a National Elliott
f i
Humberside,
s a i d . H e details a n d r e s ult s o f do it as the cars arrived so machine whic h, though
bought
n
i t w i t h t he 1 6 K motor rallies. A friend has the results we r e r e a dy having the same capacity
RAM
c pack and the printer. built him a regulator for within two minutes of the as the ZX-81, was the size
A
l telecommunications converting 12V supply to last competitor finishing, of "a side of a house".
a
i
Britain
r
Scunthor pe ZJE Club: C P Hazelton. 26 Rilestone Place, Bo' tesford.
Aylesbury
Z X Computer Cl ub: Ke n Kni ght, 2 2 Mount Str eet
Scunthorpe:(0724 63466).
b
Aylesbury (5181 or 630867). Meetings: first Wednesday and third
Sheffield: Andr e w Moor e, 1 Ketton Avenue. Sheffiel d S8 8PA
r
Thursday
of the month.
would like people interested in starting a club in the area to contact
Edi nbur
o gh ZX Users' Club: J. Palmer (031 661 3183) or K Mitchell
him enclosing a stamped-addressed envelope for details,
(031 3 3 4 8483). Meeti ngs: second Wednesday of the month a t
Wor l e Computer Cl ub: S W Rabone, 1 8 Castl e Road, M o l e ,
u
Claremont Hotel.
Weston-supor -Mar e BS 2 2 9PA1 (Weston-super -Mar e 513068).
g
EZUG-Educational
Z.X-80181 Users' Group: Eric Deeson, Highgate
Meetings: Woodsprings Inn, 1/Vorle. on alternate Mondays.
School,
h Birmingham B12 9DS.
ZX Guaranteed: G A Bobker. 29 Chadderton Drive, Unsworth, Bury,
Glasgow ZX-80181 User s' Cl ub: I an Watt. 107 Greenwood Road,
Lancashire. Exchanges information and programs throughout the
t
Clarkston.
Glasgow G76 7LW (041 638 1241). Meetings: second and
country_
Fourth monday of each month.
Hassocks ZX Mi cr o User Club. Sussex: Paul King (Hassocks 4530).
Inverclyde ZX-81 User s' Cl ub: Rober t Watt. 9 St. John's Road.
Gourock, Renfr ewshi r e. P A1 9 1 P L (Gourock 399671, Meeti ngs:
Every other week on Monday at Greenock Society of the Deaf. Kelly
Street, Greenock.
Keighley Computer Club: Colin Price, Redholt. I ngr ow. Keighley
(603133).
National ZX-60 and ZXBI User s' Cl ub: 44-46 Earls Cour t Road,
London W8 6E1.
Nor th Her tfor dshi r e Hom e Computer Cl ub: R Cr utchfiel d, 2
Durham Road. Stevenage: Meetings: first Friday of the month at the
Settlement. Novella Road, Letchworth.
North London Hobby Computer Club: ZX users* gr oup meets at
North Lor a
Monday,
6pm.
-I o n
Nottingham
Mi cr ocomputer Cl ub: ZX-80031 user s' gr oup, G E
P o l y
Basford.
9
liolme
Close. The Pastures. VVoodborough, Nottingham.
t e c h
Orpington Com put e r Cl ub: Roge r Pyatt, 2 3 Ar unde l Dr i ve,
n i c ,
Orpington. Kent, (Orpington 20281)_
H o
Per th a n d Di s t r i c t A m a t e u r Com put e r Soci ety: Al a s t a i r
l
l
MacPherson,
1 5 4 O a k ba nk Roa d, P e r t h P H I 1 1 1 A (29633).
o w
Meetings:
thi r d Tuesday of each month at Hunter s Lodge Motel .
Bank
a
yfoot.
Post
Office Users* Club: Ver non Quaintain, Head Post Office. St
R
Martin's
le Grand, London. EC1,
o
a
d
62
S
I
N
C
L
.
2X-801ZX81 User s' Cl ub: P O Box 159, Kingstun-on-Thames. A
postal club.
Overseas
Belgium, Fr ance. Luxembour g: Cl ub Sinclair, Raymond Betz. 38
Chemin du Moul i n 38, B-1328 Ohain, Belgium (322 6537468)
Belgium. Nether l ands: Mi cr ocomputer Ver eni gi ng BZW, Paul
Glenisson, Priester de l'Epeestraat 14. B-I 200 Brussels. Belgium
(322 7349954)
Denmark: Danmarks National ZX-80181 Kl ub (DNZKI, Jens Larson.
Skovmosevei 6.4200 Slagelese, post giro 1 46 24 66.
East Netherlands: Jonathon Meyer. Van Speen Street 22,6524 MN,
Nijmegen; (080 223411).
Germany: ZX - 8 0 Cl ub, a postal cl ub; contact Thomas lenczyk.
Hameln, Postfach 65 13-3250 Hameln, Germany,
Indonesia: Jakarta ZX-80181 Users' Club. 73 Cnoc Crionain. Belle
Atha, Cliath 1.
Republic of Ireland: Irish ZX-80181 Users' Club, 73 Cnoc Crionain.
Bade Atha, Cliath 1.
Spain: Cl ub Nacional de Usuarios del ZX-81, Joseph-Oriol Tomas,
Avda. de Madr i d, No 203 207. 10. 3a esc, A Barcelona-14 Espana.
United States: Bay Ar ea ZX-80 User Group. 2660 Las Aromas.
Oakland CA94611. — Har var d Group. Bolton Road. Har var d MA
01451: (617 456 3967),
A
I
R
USER Augus t 19492
special
offer
Build your own
Sinclair
Special ZX-81 Kit Offer
ONLY f29•95 (plus p&p)
SAVE E20 on a Sinclair ZX-81 kit. A special
offer open only to readers of Sinclair User
has been negotiated with Sinclair Research,
which means you can buy the world-beating
ZX-81 for just E29.95 (plus post and packing).
Stocks are limited, so be sure to place your
order soon. Allow 28 days for delivery.
Maximum four units per applicant.
To: Sinclair User Special Offer,
ECC Publications, 30-31 Islington Green, London, N i 811I
Please send me_ _ _ _ ZX-81 kit(s) at the special Sinclair User price of
E29.95 plus E2.95 p & p.
Please tick if you require a VAT receipt
*I enclose a cheque/postal order payable to Sinclair Research Ltd for E
*Please charge to my Access/BarclaycardiTrustcard account no.
*Please delete/complete as applicable
Signature
Name Mr/Mrs/Miss
Address
63
SINCLAIR USER A u g u st t982
zixaL
EiEIWTflFWIE
NIGHT GLINNEV1
E ne m y a i r c r a f t a p p r o a c h i n g f r o m t h e r e a r !
Ca n y o u d e f e n d y our pl a ne a ga i ns t e ne m y a t t a c k ?
Beware, the mor e you shoot down, the faster they get.
An exci ti ng machi ne code vi deo ga m e wi th i mpr essi ve
graphics. Featur es include: best scor e of t he day, a ut orepeat on t h e c ont r ol k e y s . auto-r etur n t o t he s e l f
demonstr ati ng ti tl e page.
Requires 16k RAM S u p p l i e d on tape, wi th instructions,
Action packed fun for only C 3 -4 5
FIGHTEB P I L O T
15 fe e t.... 7 fe e t.... Touchdown!
Another successful i ns t r um e nt l a ndi ng Appoa c hi ng
at 1 5 0 k not s is not al ways a s easy as thi s. You ar e i n
ful l c ont r ol f r om t a k e - o f f t o l a ndi ng d u r i n g t h i s
r e a l - t i m e fl i ght si mul ati on of a j et fi ght er . T h e s k y
is the l i mi t! F l y a di f f er ent mi ssi on every time. Endless
scope for i m pr ov i ng y our i ns t r um e nt fl y i ng ski l l s
16k RAM Required. S u p p i e d on tape, with full instructions.
Supervalue at C3-45
All prices inclusive (Overseas add £ 0 5 5 p&p per tape)
All pr oducts guaranteed, refund if not satisified
Digital Integration.
22, Ash Church Road,
Ash, Aldershot.
Hants, GU12 6LX.
MAIL ORDER ONLY
Ultra-Tech Services offer for
m athem ati ci ans Et students the
following program s on cassettes, for
the 16K ZX-81.
1. C o m p l e x Numbers
This program provides 19 operations and functions to
apply to complex numbers.
1
A7377M
7ZX81 &Games
Spectrum
T
7 MAESAFALLEN, BOW ST DYFED, SY24 58A
Now NEW LOW prices!!!!
PROGRAM
8 . 9 5
Adventure 1 0 . 0 0
8
9140
5 locations
9 Oased
9
5o n the original
(At CIO 00 well worth the money
Sinclair User Issue 2 review)
Invaders 5 , 0 0
Fast m c arcade action
4
45
Mazeman 5 . 0 0
4 . 4 5 4 , 9 5
All the features o f the original
arcade version r n
,
'requires 48k Spectrum
c
All prices a re inclusive
Return o f post service
RUMOWNERS
ZX81o
LE
LAIRMICRO-COMPUTER
iARNI TBSY "F R A Ni C
t O RVIL L E
iiiTH
S P
TH
iE
e fi C
fi l
T
Liere A T T H i S i M A K A A M n i -
,41.1111A bE r p
-w . r d w . T h e c o n e u t e r s o r t s t h e m .
Al
efi All I - A lie. RAFT W e
A v e r y s in l o v a b l e
u e l k t i o
i
n
p
uP lotyGm;v,
t
w o r k ' o u t a l l t h e i n fo r m ua t i o n y o u n e e d t o k n o w m b o u t
m
p o r tg a g e l o a n s f o r h o u s e p u r c h a s e ,
t
• W I
P r a t t tr e e s . fa c e s . Make
oyuu• r a v i n g s c om e a / I v e .
4
5
Igr s it o u t 4 c a l e n d a r
0e t a r t I n o i n a n y y e a r .
• orgeo
• erred,
3 CameTC
,
•S D
Eu e l - IN
3. N u m e r i c a l Anal ysi s
Integration, regression and Monte-Carlo methods, for
the ZX-81,
in
le
payable to K V . R . H . Ltd. shoul d be sent to:
Ultra-Tech Services
30A, Billing R oa d
N or tha m pton.
N E W 81 SPECTRUM
Chess 1 4 1 0 _ 0 0
10 levels m c
2. N o n -L i n e a r Equations
Solution algorithms for both real and complex roots of
equations,
Each cassette costs £6.95 linc .VAT) o r all 3 ma y b e
purchased for 118.00. Cheques or postal orders made
O L D
3
•
7
S e nd P . O . o r
•
•
TTLF W R I T I N G S t o r e u p t o 2 0
FIElme a n d • i l d r e s i s m s . W r i t e l e
l a s t.
NOUN QURS b.ING T e r L e i A n a m e r i n g
t y p i n g p r o g r a m ta l l i s h i e m e m b e r s u p t.
z oo w o r d s f r o m y ourw t e xi t a n d W i
ti
. me y ou ty p e i n a n e w l e t t e r . s i
m itom e te r t o g u e s s a t t h e w o r d y o u
are c u r r e n tl y ty p i n g . I f t h e gue s s ,
p r i n te d be low th e l i n e , i s c e i g e C t ,
th e c o m p l e t e w o r d i s p l a c e d w i t h a
fo l l o w i n g s pa c e i n one s tr o k e .
th e
e e k la dA LN L_ Ij
i K r i t l i s a n d wor k s th i o u g h a
L Lr o
• lui n d q u a . I n w h i c h y o u h a v e t o p i c k
o u t t h e n o n e O f t h e fl a s h i n g
. l o c a ti o n . V e r y e d u c a ti o n a l .
D r a w
s ALSO I f y o u h a v e a f u l l - s i s e d
to
a k e y boa r d. y o u c a n e a c h y o u r s e l f
m
o
p
o
r
c r o s s e d c h e q u e m a d e p a y a b l e t o N r . R . L . fl o n o v a n . l o s .
N r .P .L.D onov a n.
20 O n i o n O s i v e .
S to n e y q a to .
L e i v e n t o t 1_1"2 1144
SINCLAIR USER Augus t 1982
ZUCKMAN
The first authentic ZX81
INKIversion of 'P UCKMAN'
* A L L Machi ne Code
* F O U R I ndependent Ghosts
* Tr ai l , Ener gy Posts etc.
* Hi gh-scor e 'Hall of Fame'
* Aut he nt i c Ar cade Acti on
only €5.95 inc. P&P from:
DJL SOFTWARE,
EDUCATION
C o m p u te r s F o r E d u c a ti o n pr e s e nt the ir
'Learn A bout it' S eries tor the ZXB1 t 16K1
This setups has been wr itte n by teachers and
is a true educational t c l T h e ptogr a m s are
suitable for use with children aged 7-12 years
Each program is m e nu driven a nd makes full
use o f graphics
P arents and teachers.- these programs really
will gent your children a n unfair advantagel
Tape
Sode 8
12
,
Graph
plotting
2
4
Using
fractions
h
Area pe r im e te r
rS pelling
c
l
E C M per cassette 12 programs!
or E ta for the
o
complete series
c
P 0 . o r enegites
k to
No S i d e A
1 T e l l i n g Tim e
2 R e a d i n g graphs
3 L e a r n i n g tractions
V olume. rapacity
5 M e n t a l arithmetic
9 Tweed Close. Swindon, Wilts.
R a n o n o f p o s t & A v er ) •
MUS I C LE ARNI NG AI DS — a
range of programs for 16K ZX81 to
help young people learning to read
music. S a e , p l e a s e , f o r f r e e
c at alogue. B r i a n N e g u s , 1 9
Westfield Driv e. Loughborough.
Leics LE11 3(3-1_
For Z)0111 wi th 16K RAM, Three
programs on one cassette. Flight
Demonstration. Flight Simulat ion
and Flight Test. Thes e are semi
serious programs using an aircraft
digit al i n s t r u me n t p a n e l . E 5
cassette and instructions. Sqn I d r
Peter Ev ans , 5 Broadmeadow,
Bolton 8 I 7 9AY.
ZX-81 KITS
Cure Top Line Slant and Ram
Pack Wo b b l e 12, 95. I nv ers e
Video M o d u l e £2. 95. B u i l t
£3.56. Repeat Key £3.75. Built
E4.95. All Kits ex-stock Please
add 40p PIP.
Mr B. A. Reader,
45 Alf red St. Kings Heat h,
Birmingham 814 7HG
COMPUTERS FOR EDUCATI O N
Se D o v e c o te La ne . S pr ing head. O l d h a m
ZX PRI NTI NG SERVI CE
FOR Y O U R ZX 8 0 ( 8 K R O M ) /
Z.X81 programs. Only 1 pence for 3
lines of 32 characters, plus 20 pence
p + p. (minimum 50 pence please).
Send cheque.' PO to: T. F. Payne,
194 Stockwood Lane, Stockwood,
Bristol BS14 8NG. enclosing your
program cassette a n d det ails o f
program name(s) and y our name
and address.
16 M D H A M RADI O program.
Data handling program f o r Ha m
Radios. Listings available at 14.00
each. S e n d s.a.e. f o r det ails o r
orders f o r H a m Ra d i o t o B . L .
Cotgrove, 4 6 Arc adian Gardens.
Hadleigh. Benfleet, Essex.
ZX81 wi t h 16K hardly ever used
like brand new, still in box, together
wit h book s and s of t ware wo r t h
138. Bargain at E110 wort h 1145.
Write t o Tang Mir, 5 Beatrice Rd,
Southall, Middlesex or phone 1FriSun. m i d d a y - m i d n i g h t o n l y l
571-0777.
LET Y O UR ZX 8 1 hel p you wi n
money on horse races. This fabulous 1 K p r o g r a mme p i c k e d 8
winners f rom 8 races on t he very
first d a y i t w a s e v e r t e s t e d
120.3.821 S e n d a cheque or P.O.
for 110_001or the cassette and full
operat ing i n s t r u c t i o n s t o t h e
Butronics Co., 45 Brompton Road,
London SW3, i Mail order only please).
MULTISEQUENCER
Using unmodifi ed ZX81-16K tapar t
from amyl this program provides you
with a n instrument covering over 5
octa ve s w it h f u ll e d it in g fa cilitie s t o
Aente 3 7 a lde pe nde nt se que nce s of u p
to 16notes, which can be played in any
order under realtime control. TursOS are
stored wh e n program s av ed. Fas t
tempo gives synthesiser effects. Music
type notation throughout.
Send ES for cassette and instructions to: V. Haynes. 10 Ashlake Rd.
Streatham, London SW16
P- E- P
S O H RAX
P a ll- 1 6 K 4 1 . ( e 4 ,
THE PRO G RAM ENHANCEMENT
IV IAW POKER
Start with a credit ti l l 10 and bet iron. a loon i
liii 114nna ere or lose e v e nilinigl An widutiv ir
pow
and
tor ludivig recognerathle graphir
,
on
b cassette only 13 95
a
WA X ,
sD ont be unsociahlel S hare your / X I I I n a b
e
family a nd fr ie nd, on a pleas.ani p o o r or
dbinge I h e c or nr ow
o, p r oasdyou
orkety
ni and display, Ow I I .
u c144.
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boardsand draw I M M O
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new saSsette only 16
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Or ( P
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stfr
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a-Rath.
tr
Avon
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a
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pi k
n
i• p
bl
a5
b Try y o u r h a n d a t mak ing a
i t fortune o n t h e stockmarket.
lP
i Very realistic game. Supplied
1 6 K E5.95.
t on cassette
Y Rubic Solver
2X131 SOFTWARE
Stockexchange
PACKAGE FOR THE Zx111(16K)
A suite of e a sy t o use ma chine code
routine s de signe d to tra nSform your
Basic programs
, DE FI NE D SCROLL REGION
1line to whole screen S C R O L L up
or down F I L L SCREEN by
character I CHANG E BACKGROUND
CHANGE FOREGROUND
LINVERSE VIDEO FLASH SCREEN
L I C L E A R S C R E E N w i th o u t c h a n g i n g
print positiOn
Supplied on tape with a SK DEMO
PROGRAM and a FULL instruction
booklet
ONLY 15.96 incl. pfirp
lfiK GAMES PROGRAMS
GOLF 1 or 2 Players Fantastic
graphics
MINEFIELD Steer your tank to safety
Very addictive
INVADERS With sneaky 'SMART
BOMBS'.
M A N H U N T E vade the R e lie s if y ou c a t
FANTASTIC VALUE AT ONLY E3:76
each incl. p&p
Send to R Et k SOFTWARE
34 Bourton Road.
GLOUCESTER 0L4 OLE
TRADE ENQUIRIES WELCOME
Program t o s olv e t h e Ru b i o
cube supplied on cassettee.
16K 0. 95.
All Prices inclusive
Programs fully guar anteed
SR Sof t ware
61 St St ephens Av enue
London W12 8JE Ma i l order
only.
3
MA C H I N E CO DE
ZX-81 TE MP E RATURE
SENSORS.
Uses earpiec e s oc k et , w i t h
application program listing and
waterproof probe. Including UK
p & p £ 1 7 . 5 0 . F r e e l e a fl e t .
Cheshire M i c r o De s i g n , 6 6
Close Lane, Alsagor. , Stoke on
Trent.
ZX81 1 6 K R A M . Si ncl ai r
learning l a b a n d 2nd hand t ape
recorder, a l s o magaz ines a n d
labyrinth game, a bargain at 185.
Phone Ingrebourne 76446.
GAMES
For the 16K-ZX8I
BYTE M A N T h e ZX versos. 01 the
popular P uckman Arcade Game.
SPACE FIGH TE R F l y into ba ttle
against the limitless forces of the enemy
BRIDGE BOMBER -- D o as much
damage as you can with a limited
payload
A ll for only E2 96
From M I NDSEYE
12 N o r th Gr ov e D o v e ,
Leeds LSO
LTEST SCORE LA TEST SCORE-- ME SOK -- EX 81 - - M e n - EX
USTER—A1781111BUSTIR—AU8SIIII
POOLS FORECASTING PROGRAMME
lapel
S
- tar V alue — B e e
,A W N options
printer
p
g rC o
a nm
d re o —
n 1,
m
e ae d0
w
i
t
j n
7
e d
t
o
r 17 133sieh
,
A
Te t rCr3.21
u t
s t
r a
i i
a
n
s
POOLSOFIN,
SI NCLAI R USER A u g u s t 1982
.1 Se a ford. E. BU M S& 5 N 2 5 2 A5
65
MICRO WARES
MAKE MONEY, unique
program shows how. "At
Last", E196.
SAIL A YACHT, against wind,
tides, hazards, adjust sails etc.
For Spectr
S
um/ 7(81-16K.
On quality
checked tapes.
a
20 Winstree,
Basi l don,
i
Essex, SS13 1PG.
l
i
2X81 + n1 6 K R A M E65 ono,
Sinclair built.
D.
g
Ave,
MCR
M31
1SH. Tel 061-748
"
2175.
W r i g h, t ,
3
£
ZX81
RAM Sinclair bat, in
B u +r 16K
3f o
original
pac
k
ing.
A l l leads a n d
r d
manual .. S o m e b o o k s a n d
9 c a n deliver. £ 9 6 ono_
cassettes,
6 37 Cloverdale, Stoke
S. Mannon,
.
Prior, Bromsgrove,
Wor cs. Tel .
Bromsgrove 70779.
SI NCLAI R BUI LT ZX81 11 16K
ram pack. Plus leads, manual and
power pack. Al l still boxed. Als o
101< 30 maze program. Everything,
a bargain at £95. Nicholas Barker.
Highlield, Dairy Lane, Walbert on,
Arundel, Sussex BN18 OPT. Tel .
YAPTON 551315.
Z
X
I
I
l e n so ftwa re
COSMOS - sa ve your fle e ts t ro m t h e
marauding aliens in this new rn,'c space game
with ckernatic graphics on your ship'SStallaeot
screen,
E
S
.99
TABLE TUTOR - comple te menu driven
course i n m u lt ip lica t io n t a b le s w it h
examples. te sts, home work e n d a nswe r
senate for the under ID',. 1 3 . 9 9
QUARTET - compe l-Alum 01 crosswords,
puzzles and frletnOni game ln.uitipieycrl with
on to 10 difficulties
1
3
. 9
9
TRIAD t h r e e new puzzles to simplex and
frustrate even Cubists C 3 . 9 9
Somatic on cassette. $_0.•, for catalogue,
Vortex So f t wa re . 2 6 C ra wford R oa d,
Hatfield. Hertfordshire ALIO OPG
2X81 1 6 K " G 3 2 H Y M O R S E
CODE T U T O R " Teach yourself
Morse Code wit h this comprehensive self-tutor, Selectable options
to include letters, numerals, punctuation, u s e r t ex t ; 5 - 3 0 w p m ,
variable groups, random/serial sequence, v ideo check-back. us es
cassette o p socket. Available on
TDK AD-C46 cassette wit h full instructions C5.00. M. R I rv ing G3Z,
22 Wheat ley Wa y , Chalf ont S t
Peter, Bucks SL90-1E.
SI NCLAI R 2X81 wi th 16K Ram
Pack, manual, leads and adapter.
Also includes a unique anti-glitch
capacitor, 8 cassettes of software,
books and magazines. Offers in the
region of £100. For further details;
Tel: Thatcham 10635) 644098.
Sell your used computer or per i pher al s thr ough Sinclair
Super mar t at l ow cost ... up to 30 wor ds for onl y f 5.
Have you updated your computer or do you no longer use that add-on , Instead rit
leaving it lying around, turn it into cash be placing a classified advertisement in
Sincisir Supermart and reach around 40000 u sail at the Sinclair ZX systems
Please write your a dve rtise me nt in the boxe s below, one word per box U nde rline
words required in bold type Yo u r name, a ddre ss a nd/ or telephone numbe r
should be in clu d e d Pre iu e wont rn b lo ck copaols
Note—this Service is open Only to priva te a dve rtise rs. The a dve rtise me nt will
appear in the earliest possible issue
If you have problems trying to make
a program send all t he details of
what you want in it and I will try and
do it f or only £2.50 for 1K games
and £3.00 for 16K games. If you want
any programmes copying please send
the listing to me and I will send the
program back for only £1.50 for 1K
games and £2.50 for 161( games. If
any of you have a 4K graphics rom I
will make any games you want for
only E300. All the programmes are
changed each month_
Paul Wa i t e , 3 Co r n wa l l A v e .
Mansfield, Notts NG18
UNI Q UE Z X 8 1 g a m e s a n d
pastimes requiring skills of concentration and reaction. Please send
SAE f or free list. G. Carr, 'SeroSed-Serio', Tunbec k Rd , Wo r t well, Norf olk IP20 OHP.
16K 1X81 + DK graphics board +
Kayde keyboard (case-di + Bi-Pac
Sound Box. Ma ny software cassettes, including Asteroids, Space
Invaders, chess and centipede + 1
book. Al l f or E125 o. n. o. Ri ng
Lymington 10590) 76319.
16K ZX-81 wi t h manual, leads ,
etc., fi v e of t he best 16K games
around o n original cassettes, i n
dude Chess, 3 - 0 Mons t er Maze,
• Le ts out, rn order of p "trireme, The I m o o
leeptyscone-draws, a lso the TS most like y
homes, draws and sways
• Picks out the results on the bookmakers
Azad Oests moPore the hem bowl lawn owe
generousodds Cakuloters your expected m a ll
▪MOWS the owe to update the tables were by
week as results come in
•gor a crusarte of the okoprorn, i s i • n MICMAC
tamreeirktr p w ly a b o .' a•ptanation o f the
theory semi (3 96 to
H A R T L A N D S O FTWARE
(Dept S i
PENZANCE PLACE, LONDON W i l 4 PA
DC-81 16K ADV E NTURE GAME.
Full 16K used Plent y of Action —
map supplied, plus detective game
of Logic (2-21 players). Bot h o n
cassette onl y (3,50. S. Taylor, 2
Greenway, Eltham, London SE9
5SZ.
ZX-81 pl us 16K R A M . Thirteen
programs o n cassettes. Manual,
book a n d ma i n s adapt or. M i n t
cond. £ 8 5 . K Ma c d o n a l d , 1 3
Cookson R d , Shef fi eld, York s .
10742) 349943 anytime.
S CHO O L CHI LDRE NI I ha v e
developed a program to enter and
RUN standard CESIL programs on
a 4K lor more) ZX81: Cassette f or
£4.95 from Timot hy Skinner at, 1,
Summer Drive, Hoveton, Norfolk
NR12 8DY,
Star T r a i l e t c , p l u s b o o k o n
machine c ode ( wo r t h E7). O n l y
E110, I f you don' t believe this is a
bargain, just ring 061-339 9446 for
more details, or write to 49 Crowhill
Rd, Ashton-under -Lyme, Lancs
OL7 9MB.
ZX81 wi th 10K. Instruction books
and I CI programming course and
tapes, including all leads, and two
games. £ 8 0 o n o S . Leigh, 4 7
Middle Lane, Epsom, Surrey. Tel.
Epsom 2E218.
AD INDEX
41
4
54
54
44
26
Memotech
23
Newnes Technical Books
54
Oasis Software
42
M. Orwin
2
Occem Software
12
Picturesque
60
Phoenix
22
Pss
20
Mr Readman
57
Read-Out
49
Sinclair
11.52-53
Silicon Tricks
54
Silversoft
60
65436
Supermart
Serious Software
48
Software Farm
22
Tasman
60
Timedata
26
Ultra-Tech
64
Workforce
57
Addictive Games
P. Altwasser
A f dee Electronics
Abersoft
Artic Computing
Buffer Micro Shop
Computes Cases
Cambridge Computer Shop
O.K. Trollies
Data Assette
Digital Integration
P.L.Donovan
Educere
D. Fritsh
Fuller Micro
Hew son Consultants
Eleven Hardware
Hilderbay
Interface
IPS
I.K.Greye
IRS
I.G. Prince
Ka yde
Name
ZX81 - 16K
FOOTBALL POOLS PROGRAM
58
17
17
84
42
26
8
58
67
18
64
64
58
17
28
57
48
42
46
22
12
58
12
68
Kempston
Melbourne House
Moviedrome Video
Microware
MC. Associates
Microfair
Addre ss
Tel.
Ha ve you include d the fee of E5?
Colendnez en
Tv . h e l y i e .
., . . . . r n • e n
,0 .0 . 0 0
C
,d .. rb e e ,
e
4 0b e
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mei S a n , l e me ne s CO i be be e l de fl e e t e r Cl Am e n . V i l e e m e e
" n n v ok e e pe rnont Cl n e e , , 0 1 p e l m e t re dol ma n ma t e e n I l l o eledArep 0 e n , t e r e e 0 e be d e e m e d ,
I,e
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66
SI NCLA U S E R Augus t 1982
MICHAEL ORWIN'S ZX81 CASSETTES
THE BEST SO F T WARE (BY VA R IO U S AUT HO RS) AT LO W PRICES
Q UO TES
"Mic hael Orwin's £5 Cassette Two is very good value.
It contains 10 stolid well designed games which work, offer
plenty of variety and choice, and are fun."
From the ZX Software review in
Your Computer, May '82 issue.
"I h a d y o u r Inv ader s / React c as s ette
I
was
delighted with this first cassette."
P. Rubython, London NW10
"I have been intending to write to you for some days
to say how muc h I enjoy the games on 'Cassette O ne'
which you supplied me with earlier this month."
E. H., London SW4
CASSETTE 2
Ten games in Basic for 16k ZX81
Cassette Two contains Reversi, Awari, Laser Bases, Wor d
Mastermind, Rec tangles , C r a s h , R o u le t t e , P o n t o o n ,
Penny Shoot and Gun Command.
Cassette Tw o costs E5.
CASSETTE 3
8 programs for 16k D( 81
ST ARSHIP T RO JAN
=
" . I prev ious ly b o u g h t y our Cassette O ne and
consider it to be good value for money !"
Richard Ross-Langley
Managing Direct or
Mine of Information Ltd.
CASSETTE 1
(eleven l k programs)
machine code:
React, Invaders, Phantom aliens, Maz e of death, Planet
'ander, Bounc ing letters, Bug splat.
Basic:
I Ching, Mas ter mind, Robots , Bas ic Hangman. PL U S
Large screen versions o f Invaders and Maz e o f Death,
Ready for when you get 16k.
Cassette One costs E3•80
CASSETTE 4
Int
Repair
o u r S tHaz
a r sards
h i p binclude
ef o re
disaster ystrikes.
asphyxiation, radiation, escaped
biological specimens and plunging
into a Supernova.
STARTREK T h is version o f t h e w ell kn o w n sp ace
adventure game features variable Klingon mobillity, and
graphic photon torpedo tracking.
PRINCESS OF K R A A L An adventure game.
BATTLE Strategy game for 1 to 4 players.
KAL ABR I ASZ World's silliest card game, full of pointless
complicated rules.
CUBE R u b ik C u b e s imulator , w i t h lo t s o f func tions
including 'Backstep'.
SECRET M ESSAG ES This message c oding program is
very DO clexi if.
M A R T I A N C R I C K E T A s imple b u t addic tiv e g a m e
(totally unlike Earth cricket) in machine code. The speed is
variable, and its top speed is very fast.
ts E5.
Cassette 3 costs
8 games for 16k ZX81
DC-SCRAMBLE (machine code) w it h 3 stages.
Bomb and shoot your w ay through the fortifi ed caves.
G UNFIG HT
(machine code)
IN VA D ER S
(machine code)
oakow% a " A l p . ow.
a .
,
" , m u N O A L I I
H
I It N T H E ' v R E A C H T H e 5 K . N
- P
e e DyE A D L Y S P O R E S . Y O U
.F oFTo Tumc
:O
N TRM
OL A F L Y E R A N D Y O U R H 1 5 5 1 0 N
LZI HT O D E 5 T R O Y T H E F U N O A L O I D 5 O N
A M;
/
. N
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CA
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%pOHO M U T A N T
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•
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No. N a, p
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a
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G AL AXY IN VA D ER S (machine code)
Fleets of s wooping and diving alien c raft to tight of f .
SNAKEBITE (machine code)
Eat the snake before it eats you. Variable speed.
(very fast at top speed).
LIFE (machine code)
A ZX81 version of the well k nown game.
3D TIC-TAC-TO E (Basic)
Played on a 4 A 4 x 4 board, this is a game for the
brain, it is very hard to beat the computer at it.
7 of the 8 games are in mach in e code, because this is mu ch faster than Basic. ( So me
of these games w ere previously available from J. St eadman) . Cassette 4 costs E5.
Recorded on quality cassettes, sent by fi rst class post, from:
Michael Orwin, 26 Brownlow Rd., Willesden, London NW1090a1 (mail order only please)
F
•
S . a a
A a o
b
KAYDE Electronic Systems
ZX80/1
Z X KEYBOARD WITH
R E P E AT K E Y
Fully cased keyboard E 3 7 . 9 5
Uncased keyboard
E 2 7 . 9 5
Keyboard Case
£ 1 0 . 9 5
This is a highly professional keyboard us,:
[ t o n s
as found oil u p quality
computers. It has a repeat key and comes c(
professional
keyboard
, market
,
i t and
s should not be cont,,,i1 i t h toy keyboards currently available on
the
o
w
n
l
u
x
u
r
y
c
a
s
e
.
The l bK HAMPACK simpiy plugs straight into the user port at the rear of your computer, It is fully comT
h
i
s
patible with all accessories and needs no extra power and therefore it will run quite happily on your Sinclair
i
power
supply, sIt does not over- heat and will not lose memory at all. As you may know some makes go down
to 111( after being on for a while.
a
This
16KeRAMPACK
is very stable
and
not wobble or cause vei
I
r
M
.
es fully
g and
i money
n will
built
testednwith a ucomplete
back Guarantee
e
KAYDE 1 6K R A M PA C K S
KAYDE F L E X I B L E RIBBON CONNECTOR
Stops m ovem ent of RAM P ACK and other accessories
1
(Not needed with a KAV DE RAM P ACK)
4
c
1
'
4
r
The KAYDE Graphics Board is probably our best accessory yet. It fits neatly inside your ZX81. It comes
,
2
-9A
YDE 4 K G R A P H I C S B O A R D
complete with a pre-programmed 4K Graphics ROM, This will give nearly 450 extra graphics arid with there
inverse makes a total of over nine hundred.
The KAYOE Graphics Board has facilibes for either 2K or RAM If or user definable graphics) 4K of ROM or
our 4K Tool Kit Drips that will be available shortly. All the graphics are completely software controlled,
therefore they can be written into your programmes. Here are a few examples: A ful l set of space
invaders P u c k man B u l k s . Bombs — Tanks — Laser Bases and Alien Ships.
NO EXTRA POWER NEEDED
KAYDE 1 6 K GRAPHICS BOARD SOFTWARE
Peckman: The only true ZX version of the popular arcade game.
Centipede:
Interface. "I n all I think this is the best presented moving graphic piugiai v t , yet P r e t L3arratt,
Si n y e
T h
t
version av,-
C.
5
i
h . ,,
, a n y w h e r e .
c o•
t
KAYDE 1 6 K 8 1 S O F T WA R E
Centopede ' 'In ail I the* this is the best presented moving graphics program I've yet seen" Phil Garrett
Interface.
3D/
3D Labyrinth.
A Cl bi t Maze that has corridors which rnmy go left, right up, down,
Packmen
(the latest
addition in 81 games/.
WHY WAI T To PAY MORE
FAST I MMEDI ATE DELIVERY
Post to:
Dept SU
Kayde Electronic Systems Ltd
The Conge
Great Yarmouth
Norfolk NR30
Tel: 0493 57867 (Dept S W
Don't Forget you can always order
on the telephone with your credit card
All products include VA T all hardware
comes fully built and tested wit'.
a 14 day money back option
Ac c e
sb
VISA
1
1
1
1
1
DEPT.
SU5
I encl ose(
Name
Address
Flease add E1.50 P/ P for all hardware and 50p for all software
Please make cheques payable to Kayde Electronoc Systems Ltd