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Chapter 6
Crack tip attribute assigned to a point in a
2D model
Crack tip attribute assigned to a line in a
3D model
Thermal Surfaces and Heat Transfer
The thermal surface facility allows thermal gaps, contact and diffuse radiation to be modelled.
Thermal surfaces are used to model the thermal interaction of two distinct bodies, or two
different parts of the same body through a fluid medium.
 Thermal Gaps are used to model gaps between structures that are relatively close
together.
 Contact is used in a thermo-mechanical coupled analysis where contact takes place
and the contact pressure effects are then included in the analysis.
 Diffuse Radiation is the process of heat transfer from a radiation surface to the
environment or to another thermal surface defining the same radiation surface.
Radiation is modelled by specifying radiative properties for thermal surfaces.
Thermal surfaces
Thermal Surfaces are the thermal equivalent of structural slidelines. They are defined from
the Attributes> Thermal Surface menu item and are assigned to features of the model and
manipulated in the same way as all other attributes. A thermal surface must be defined before
thermal gap or radiation properties can be specified.
 Radiation properties are required when defining a radiation surface for heat transfer
by radiation exchange.
 Environment properties are required when thermal environment properties exist.
Used for heat transfer to the environment (convection and conduction).
Thermal Surfaces work in conjunction with Thermal Gaps and RadiationSurfaces. See
below for details.
Heat Transfer
Thermal gap and radiation surface properties are used to dictate the type of heat transfer that
can take place between Thermal Surfaces. They are defined from the Utilities> Heat
Transfer... menu item. As utilities they cannot be assigned directly to features of the model
as Thermal Surfaces can. A thermal surface must have been defined prior to specifying any
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