Download The Rainbow Vol. 11 No. 11 - June 1992 - TRS

tfie CoCo
The
.I
THE COLOR COMPUTER MONTHLY MAGAZINE
June 1992
vo1 . x 1 No. 11
Canada $ 4 .95
U.S. $3.95
Feature Program
Feature Program
New Clear-screen Routines: ML and the CoCo 3fo)~~'i?lf'l~ij~/Q\
COC© imi~~
o'j?~~'i(~
M
achine language (ML) has many advantagesoverBASIC. Mostusersknow
machine-language programs run considerably faster than those written in BASIC. It
is also possible to write ML programs so
thatthey run in the "'background." leaving
the computer free to perform other tasks
(simple multitasking). Yet another interesting difference is that machine language on
the CoCo 3 gives us the power lo alter the
BASIC language.
The three machine-language programs
presented here arc examples of how 1
modified the CoCo J system to change the
way the CLS command works. The programs .arc· qOitc simple and most lines arc
. commented , making them easy to follow.
Trapping The CLS Command
Every time a valid command is encountered. the CoCo executes a machine-Ian-
mineswhere theroutinestartsandjumps to
AsmostCoCo usersknow(orwillsoon
theappropriateaddress to execute thecom- fi nd out), the 6809 microprocessor can
mand.
address only 64K of memory. The CoCo
TheCLScommand usedfortheCoCo3 ' s 3 's GIME chip, however, includes a mem32-column screen
cry-management
begins at Memory
unit (MMU) that
Location $A928
8809 ~
allows the CoCo to
(decimal 43304) .
~~
address up to512K
We can "trap" the
of memory . The
CLS command by
MMU does this by
placing a machinesplitting the entire
language branch
CoCo memory into
instruction at this
SK blocks, then
address , pointing
mapping eight of
the C:oCo in the dithese hlocks into the
rcction of a differ6809 's address
ent routine we want
space as requested.
it to execute.
A Coco 3 with
To get an idea of
5 l 2K provides 64
how this works.
disti nct 8K blocks
look at Line 160 of
of memory. A l 28K
Listing I. The ORG
machine supports
stalt:me m di mets
only 16 blocks, but
the assembler to
ghosts these inm the
locate the succeedremaining areas as
ing code at Address
if the machine had
$A'l28, the "hook"
512K. Figure l
shows how memory
for CLS. What the
assemb ler stores
is apportioned in the
there is a longCoCo 3. ln a CoCo
branch intruction
3 with a full comtelling the computer
plement of 5 I 2K,
to jump to Address
the addresses from
$01DA, which is
$00000 through
where we'll put the
$7FFFF are all active and distinct. With l28K, only the top
rest of our new CLS routine.
The second ORG (Line 190) tell s the
See Clear-screen Routines on Page 17
assembler to store the new routine starting
at Address $01DA. This is where the cassette huffer ordinarily resides in the CoCo.
As written, the program s presented here
cannot be used with a tape-based syste m. H
14
Back.Issue Information
a cassette command (C LOAD , CSAVE, etc.) is
•Bar Graph Printer
entered, any information stored in this area
Charles Kiedaisch _ _ _ __ 24
of memory will be destroyed - the new
• seat the Bomb Word Game
routine will be erased. (You can move the
JohnSaya
22
routines to another location if this presents
• Card-Playe-r~'s-s=o-r_t_ _ __
a problem.)
GeorgeR. Mabry - - - - • Clean the CoCo 3 Screen
Using the Hi-Res Screens
Jason Dessel
111e two programs shown in listings 2
• CoCo 3 Scree-n~E~xp
_a
_n
_d
_e_r_ __
and 3 are intended for the CoCo 3 ' s 40- and
Ro11 Dahlke
24
80-column screens. They are a bit more
CoCo Consultations
complkatt:d since wt: must use other tricks
by Marty Goodman
4
to gain access to these areas through ma• CoCo Writes POs
chine language.
Roger F. Krueger
•Convert PRINT@~S""t~a~te_m
_e_n~ts
Mikc Woolridge
14
Delphi Bureau
by. Eddie Kuns _ _ _ _ _ _ 8
Letters to Rainbow - - - - - 2
•Matchmaker, Matchmaker
Kevin Speight
16
In this issue:
guage subroutine in tht: BASIC ROM tu
perform the desired function. For example,
when you enter CLS, thecomputergoes to a
"command table " stored in tht: ROM and
searches for the CLS command. Once it
finds the entry for CLS, the , CoCo deter-
Jr ~!11!.\ \S>~~~ll?JB Y8\\::!1B8@
t
oCoPO is a very handy little program,
especially if you like to take advantage of the wonderful offers you see
advertised in THE RAJJ\llQW and other
magazines. Over che past several years I
have purchased a considerable amoun1 of
Color Computer software and hardware
through third-party vendors, as well as from
my local Radio Shack. Until I bough! my
Coco 3, l used William Boston's Mail
Order program (THE RAINBOW , August
I 982) to handle purchase orders and found
it to be a &'Teat help. However, l fel t certain
l'eatures could make the program a bit more
functional. so I've added them . Still . Mr.
Boston'> program provided an excellent
model from which to work.
CoCoPO is designed for the Color
Computer 3 and uses the 80-column screen
- you'll need an RGB or monochrome
monitor to use it effectively. The program
is menu-driven and quite easy to use. After
running CoCoPO, start by selecting Option
I (Enter Data). From this point, simply
respond to the prompts.
After you fill in the address of 1he company from which you are ordering, the
screen "form" appears. At the bonom of the
screen is a prompt asking for the number of
entries; if you are ordering more than one
type of item, indicate here how many lines
you will need. Enter just the numerical
values at all prompts for prices - the proSee Purchase Orders on Page 30
Pause Switch
Jeff Steidl
10
• Pretty Print With OS-9
Stephen Goldberg _ _ _ __ 8
Print#-2
by Lonnie Falk
2
•Print to the Screen and Printer
James Provost
6
Received and Certified
22
Serial Communications_ _ __
Gary Kessler
21
•Star Grabber-G~a-m_e_ __ _
J im McDowell
•Turn the World
Barry Mitchel _ __ _ __
11
12
----~
___J
Product Reviews:
CoCo Family Re<;order
Fama Systems
15
Desk Accessory Pack
from Cer-Comp, ltd.
13
Unbelievable Offer #3 - - Rici<' s Computer Enterprise _ 26
2
THE RAINBOW
June 1992
THE RAINBOW
Edilor and Publisher
Lawrence C. Falk
Managing Editor Cray Augsburg
Associate Editor Sue Fomby
Submlsslons,IRevlews Editor Tony Olive
Technical Editor Greg Law
Technical Assistants Ed Ellers,
Gregory Shultz
Editorial Assistant Julie Hutchinson
Contributing Editors Tony DiStefano,
Martin Goodman, M.O., Eddie Kuns
Art Director Heidi Nelson
Designers Sharon Adams, Teri Kays,
Consulting Editors Judi Hutchinson.
Laurie 0. Falk
Typesetter Debbee Diamond
Falsoft, Inc.
President Lawrence C. Falk
General Manager Peggy Lowry Daniels
Aul General Mgr. for Finance
Donna Shuck
Admin. Asst lo the Publisher
Kim Thompson
Edltorlal Director John Crawley
Director ol Crnlivl Senlns
O'Neil Arnold
Chief lloatteelll' Diane Moore
Dealer Accounts Toni George
Asst. Gen. Manager For Allminlltmlen
Tim Whelan
COl'JIOl'lle Buslnen TICllnlCll DintetDr
Calvin Shields
Customer Senlce M1n1g9r
Beverly Bearden
Clllto1118r s.vlce fllll11118ntallw
Patricia Eaton
Cllllf of Printing Sen1cn Melba Smith
BuslAaistlal Wendy Falk Barsky
Chief el Building Secll'ily llld Mainlllnance
Lawrence Johnson
Asst. General Manager for Mwartising,
D1velop1118nt and Productiot
Ira Barsky
Advertising Reprnantatlvn Belinda Kirby,
Kim Lewis
Advartlsing Assistant Carolyn Fenwick
(502)228-4492
Marketing
Office Information,
seePage31 .
::,omething about programming. This is why
I have since lost this util ity. It was written
by Alan Schwartz and put out by Soft
Sector Marketing. The program generated
BASIC commands with a keystroke a
g real Lime sa\·er wht:n writing program s .
Does anyone know where I can find it or
another program like it for my CoCo 3°
Though 1 an1 sad to see the magazine
style dropped, I hope the new format is
more affordable to publish and better for
the environment. Most of all , Thope it w ill
yield more space for letters and articles o n
the CoCo's workings. We learn so muc h
from other people' s questions.
Alan Doherty
169 White Moss Drii'<'
Marsrons Mills, MA 02648
of time or, like yesterday 's newspaper,
oxidize to brittle dust in a s hort ti me.
Besides my CoCo, I own a Tandy IOOO
TL/2 with all the bel Is and whistles. It' s a
ai<;e madune. But where do I gu when I
want to get something done smoothly and
easily? To my CoCo. Sure, it• s slower than
bigger expensive machines, but I'm not a
corporation, and I'm not especiall y in a
micro-second hurry.
Magazines directed toward M S- DOS
machines (PCM included) use most of their
space describing what you can hu y to do
wonderful things fo r expensive prices. They
provide very few programs you can type in
you rself. A big joy of getting THE RAINBOW
is to read, understand and type in a new way
to do something. Even if you buy RAINBOW
ON TAPE or DISK, the discussion of what.
why , and how the program worked is there
in THE RAIN BOW . Lt is an education, not just
a set of directions.
Somewhere in the thousand programs
T've collected for CoCo, there' s a BASIC or
OS-9 program that will do almost everything that programs for MS -DOS accomplish. Long li ve the CoCo, and long live THE
lv.
Programming:
Getting There From
Here
Ln his new book Accidental Empires (a
history of the last decade of the computer
era - with special emphasis on the PC and
Apple environmcms). Rohen Cringlcy
poi111s out that what go t people into computer" in 1he heg inning wa" programming.
I believe Cring lcy is correct and that , to a
great degree, this is why the Color Compute r has always been so successfu l.
Ccnainly there arc plenty of people who
just want to buy applications. load them
into their computers, and run them. Heck.
by and large. I am one of these peo ple. But
what happens when there is no program? Or
wha t ifwhac yo u wane the compute r to do is
something simple? The answer is programming.
This is why there have always been pro·
gram listings in THE RAINBOW . Of course
many of you buy the magazine, at leas1 in
Letters to the
RAINBOW
About Your New Look . ..
Ediwr:
My bat 's off to you forthe new fonnat of
TIIERAINBOW. Although it is a bit bulkier,
it sure is easierto read without the annoying
glare found with the o ld slick pages. I am
hopeful the c hanges will not he cosmetic
only. Please return to the fat ln fonnatio npacked issues of yesteryear - perhaps a
systematic reprinting of selected articles
from early issues.
Man y thanh a nd keep on serving us that
good CoCo information.
Donnie Pardue
I 33 Lochmere Drive
Sariford. NC 27330
Editor:
For RAINBOW Advertising and
pan. to ger che " free" programs. But che
truth of1he maner i'i th <11 ··giv ing .. you pro g ram :-. is onl)' nne o f m ir goal:-..
A nu Lhe.r !.!Ui.d v. c have i:-. tu teach a I iu lc
··J ig.ht" prog;amrning here and rhc re. Ami i1
j.,. a wor1h v Lhinu to do. Let me ex plain .
( c a1111<;t adU o numl~r... tog.t!Lhcr particularl y effecti vely. Des pite the fac t that
my fa the r promi~ ed me 55 fo r every multi plication table I memori1:ed. 1he Ts and 8':-.
arc still prelly mucb a m ystery to me. So
what I needed early on was a 'implc little
program to add. subtract. mult ipl y and divide numbers . Sure, it would have been
e:l'Y enough to load a spread.,,.hcet nr nnc of
those multifunction utilities. but that was
overkill when all I wanted to do was add a
few numbers tuge tb rr.
Programming was (and is) the solrn ion.
It is easy to write a program in RASTC to perfrnm the four hasic calculator fu nctions.
Nowudays we load lots o f programs at
one time (using subro utines or OS-9), and
we can do ail sons of fancy things. Ye ti still
use my own varia tion of the "adding machine" much of the Lime. I am sure many of
you do similar things as well.
The point Cringlcy makes is that earl y
on in the computer e ra, if you wanted a
program that perfonned a partic ular task.
generally you wrote it yourself. My point is
that, even wi th the hu ge body of CoCo
software available. there will always be
some things you will want to do yourself. I
also believe it is worth your cime to learn
The new tabloid format for THE RAINBOW is. well, functional. The important
thing is it arrived - and Chat you ' re still
supporting the CoCo. I m ust say that I long
for the cheerful, funky , happy format and
cover art ofche midd le 1980s, but then such
is life. Again, thanks ; Tandy is no longer
with us.
Dale Hawley
3223 NE 89th St.
Seal/le, WA 981 15
Editor:
I have e njoyed THE RAINBOW for several
years. I want you to know that I am not
satisfied with your recent change. It is easier to store anct look up back issues in book
form.
If your magazine continues to come in a
newspaper form , I will let my subscription
lapse.
Lloyd Bledsoe
P.n . Rnx 169
Oxford. WI 53952
Editor:
/\,number of years ago I used a program
calledMasterComrol /l on my CoCo I. but
Editor:
With my 51 2K CoCo 3 and programs
such as Telewriter 128, Cl// PagesE , CoCo
Max Ill . High Finan ce. Data Windows.
Dynacalc and many others (along with all
the power and convenience of multitask ing)
I can do vi.rtual ly anything that is accomplished with personal computers today.
I adm it VGA would be nice, but not
enough for me to go out and spend $1000 or
more and start over with a different system.
No, I'm sticking wi ch my CuCu 3. Jt has all
the capability I need in a computer.
So keep THE RAINBOW comin g, even if
you have tu gu back tu using that drugstore
copier!
Thomas Fann
534 Moreley Avenue
Akron , OH 44320
Editor:
My gut feeling is that you should keep
THE RAINBOW alive and in print , even if it
must be on pul p newsprint. ! know nothing
about the publishing busi ness. Ho wever, I
do observe all the standard-sized magazines in m y bookstore that obviously have
a small audience (various hobbies and home
crafts); thou gh they ha ve littl e advcnising.
thev still !'i urvi vc.
have all TllE RAINBOWS (from the be·
ginn ing) carefully saved and freque ntl y use
them. My main concern is whether the new
fonnat and the paperused will stand the test
i
we put '-.ome empluL"'i' on the o,,;u bjcct 111
I HL R \INBOW.
\ Ve \\i ll l:o n1 i nuc 10 cmph •.t \17C tli i"'
learn ing proce:-.' munthl ~. if in no o th er
wa; tha n by print ing. p rog ram ~ and ~ h ow ­
i11g yo u Im" they wo rk. Sure. type in the
li ' ti ng' (o r ~ e t RA INBOW ON TA PE/ OIS K):
but take the time to sec how th e program i....
con:-.Lructcd. too - what 1ricks the programmer use>. and how yo u can apply the
techniq ues to the things you wa nt to do.
Even with the
huge body of CoCo
software avaUable,
there will always be
some tbinp you
Will want to do
yourself.
No. you do not have to be a programmer
to use a computer. But 1 think it will inc rease your enjoyment of your CoCo if
you delve into it a bit.
-
Lonnie Falk
RAJNBOW .
Page Edmondson
111 Windsor Lane
New Brighton. MN 55 112
Editor:
l want to comment on your change from
your magazine to a newspa per-type magazine. It is my opinion that the publishers of
THE RAINBOW have made a mistake! How
do we store or stack (or handle for that
matter) th is beast you have laid on us? I
know expenses and profits play a big part in
the decision-making process. Pe rsona II y I
would rather pay $ I a year extra for my
subscription than to suffe r with the new
format, which in my o pinion is a step (or
maybe two) backwards. Please reconsider
going back to being a legitimate magazine.
EJ. Oei.1-chlager
1242 Mnrrow Rd.
Pi11sb11rgh . /-'A 15241
Editor:
Congratul a tio ns on your innovati ve new
June 1992
THE RAINBOW
fonnal. You have given us larger print,
larger ads, and more and beuer editorial
content without raising the cost of the subscription. lf it took slick paper to make a
great publication, the New York Times and
Washington Post would have slipped into
obscurity long ago.
Your advertisers need to be reminded
that Tandy has jusl aboul dumped all lhe
CoCo hardware and software !hey bad on
the marlm. Other vendors surely suffered
"'bile people like me were picking up deals
(such as DeskMa1e 3 for $2.95). Bui now
there are lhousands of us CoCo users who
are relying solely on lhcse vendors for our
continuing hardware and software needs,
and we 're reading THE RAINBOW lo find out
aboul the products they sell.
Charles Radar::.
KTNCRadio
P.O. Box589
Falls Ciry. NE 68355
Editor:
I was sorely disappointed when 1 received 1he latest i ue of THE RAINBOW. l
knewi1wasdwindlinginsizc. butl was still
able 10 fiJe it in my library. 1 don 't know
bow 1 can keep this format in good enough
shape that I can referto il - it is too big and
has 10 be folded, and thal lends over a time
10 ruin the magazine. l have two CoCo J ' s
and all the attachments. I also have hundreds of programs I have bough! over lhe
years. I still like the material you put in the
magazine; bu1, I hope you can reproduce it
ina size 1ha1can be liledin myyearlyboxes.
I can afford to buy a PC-compatible, but
the CoCo does all I wnnl to do (even without having to learn OS-9 and C, though I
appreciate the abil ities of others who can
use them tlnd allow me to profit from their
work). l wi II stay with the CoCo as long a~
l need it.
A.E. Robi11so11
Roure 2. Box 2546-A
Boeme. TX 78006
eeds a Disk Drive
Editor:
l am looking for a Radio Shack (or
compatible) disk..;Jrive ·ys1em for a Color
Computer 2. Can someone help me locate
one? I know I may al o need an operating
system.
Roberr Simpson
5720 Rossmore Drfre
Bt!tl1eodu. MD 20814
Several WNBOWad1•errisers offer diskdrfre !Q'S/emsfor tlw Color Computer. Check
the ads from CoCo PRO!, Compwer Plus
andOwl-IVore intlri:rissue DriveO systems
usual/yin l11deDiskBASIC.agmeraloper01ing system for the CoCo.
Skipping the Perforations
Edilor:
I have a CoCo 3. an FD-501 disk drive.
a DMP-430 printer and an MPI PriatMate
99 Printer. 1 use the CoCo primarily for
word processing, and I'm having some real
problems with both printers. Tuey print
over the perforation , then skip spaces for
the perforaiions a few lines down from Lbe
top of the pngc. It doesn't IJlllUcr how 1 set
the DIP swilches. Can you tell me how the
switches need to he set on either printer (or
bolh)?
Ke111Joh11so11
Route 111. Box 322
Pro1•0. UT 84601
Perhaps ofhers ca11 give you specific
i11formatio11 011 DIP-switch sc11i11gs. bUI if
rile mlsalig11me111 is rlre same 011 all pages,
we suggesr you start the paper a little lower
intheprinter.1Vithma11y "pul/feed" print-
ers, this is impossible-you must waste a
whole piece ofpaper to start near the top of
the next sheet.
Teach M y CoCo lo Talk
Editor:
I' m am in desperale need of an inexpensive speech system for my CoCo 3. Do you
know where I can gel one? Also. where can
I find software to transfer files between a
CoCo and an MS-DOS computer? Can I
transfer files withoul using a modem? I
would appreciate any help you could give
me.
Jolm Soya
618 N. Townsend Street
Syracuse. NY 13203
Elite Sofr..,are and Granite Computer
Sysrems offer urilities that con be rtsed 10
transfer files between Disk BASIC and MS·
DOS. Granite" s system also supports OS-9
transfers. Also refer tn the fnllmving two
RAINBOW articles by Many Goodman: "The
Great Tra11sformation " (June 1986, Pag"
1112) and "CoCo to MS-DOS" (July 1986.
Page176).
Not Just Whistlin' Dixie
Editor:
1 recenlly joined a Civil-War reenactment group and am now looking for any
Civil War progrnm for the CoCo. I am
looking for programs of any type (e.g.,
games, education. Civil War stats). Can
anyone help? 1 haven CoCo and n CoCo 3,
a disk drive, a printer and a modem.
E. Jeff Chandler
184 Mudtown Road
Sussex, NJ 07461-3616
CCTools: An Open Letter
Editor:
Micro 80 Users Group of Winnipeg,
Manitoba, submined CCTools to several
BBSs last year. We have had a number of
requests for the CCTools package. Unfortuna1ely some of our subscriber sem personal checks instead of money orders. This
causes quite a delay since the check na 10
clear before we can send out the CCTools
package; an extra delay is involved if the
check is from outside Canada. To make
maners worse, a mail trike occurred just as
we were tarting to ship CCTool . One
ubscriber didn ' 1get his package. When he
wrote 10 inquire about it, we sent another
package 10 him. We an: wrry thal this u;,cr
was inconvenienced and disappointed in
the shareware concept.
We will certainly do our bes! 10 make
CCTools available lD anyone as soon as
they send for iL As stated in the distribuled
application and in the documemation, send
no checks please- money orders onl . For
serious more<apable OS-9 users, CCTools
is an environment that makes file, di k. and
utility management. as weU as application
launching, simple and fast.
Micro 80 Uur:r Group
598 Riverton Avem1e
Winnipeg. Manitoba
Ca11ada R2L OP/
OS-9 in Germany
Editor:
In have read in TIIE RAINBOW about the
OS-9 programsM11/1i-View and Multi-Vue.
Whal is the difference between them. and
where can I getthem? l have asked several
Tandy stores in the U.S. , hut nobody seems
10 know. There arc no Radio Shack slores in
Germany.
I have problems trying to contact Tandy.
I have wri uen some leners but gotten no
answers. Do you know a phone number l
can use to ask about Tandy products'/
1did manage lo get OS-9 Level Il and the
D evelopment System. I received the disks
and the documentation, but I didn't get a
three-ring binder. Every time I use the
manual, I end up with quite a mess on my
wri.t ing desk. Where can I get an appropriate binder? (In Germany we have binders
tha1 have four rings.)
Eberhord Pf/11g
Altenberger Gasse 181
D-5303 Bomlreim 4
West Germany
Prior to its introduction, Multi-Vue was
oftm erroneously referred to as Mubi-View.
Tirey are tire same product. To the best of
our knowledge, they are available 011/y
through Tamly's £r:press Order Sen·ice.
Yo11 can contact Tandy b)' calling (817)
390-3011. Three-ring binders are al'ailob/e from nwst office-supply rnmpaniu i11
the U.S.
Lending a Helping Hand
Editor:
One of the many ways l use the Color
Compmer is by providing computer activities for the children in my wife's daycare
center. My old CoCo 2 has become the
official daycare computer. The challenge
has been to wriJe programs that are appropriale for children from ages 2 through 5. I
use CoCo Max II and Music+ to create
graphics and music. Also, l bought the
"Electonic Book" back when it was available from Radio Shack. I have found this is
the only interface that children at these ages
can use with ease.
The only problem we have is that many
of the programs we use require synthesized
speech, and the children freq uently cannot
understand the speech produced by the
Radio Shack Speech/Sound Cartridge. l
believe the Super Voice synthesizer. which
was advertised a while back in TH.E RAL'I-
3
BOW, would be the solution to our problem.
However, I have been unsuccessful in locating even a used one. I am appealing to
RAINBOW readers for help. I am interesled
in hearing from anyooe who bas Super
Voice and would be willing to sell it to me
for a reasonable price. Tt would be put to an
extremely good use. Thank you.
Jim Bennett
118 Corlies Aunue
Poughkeepsie, NY J2(j()J
Kudos
Editor:
You are doing a great job! Continue this,
and l '11 read THE RAINllOW for a very long
time. Thanks to you, I ha\"e learned more
about compuiers in the past 10 years than I
bad learned before I discovered TIIE RAINllOW. I have also me1 new friends, and you
have helped me decide what career I will
choose in coUege. Once again, !hank you
very much.
Luis Tanon
Calle#l, M ·ll
Dos Rios. Bayamon
PR 00957
Over
$60Uin ~-·
software
NO CATCH GIVEAWAY. We at CoCoPROI are eager to
meet new friends who use CoCos, and can think of no better
way to make them than by giving away this fabulous collect ion of software to one lucky person ... and that lucky person
could be you!
EASY TO ENTER. Simply send a postcard or letter with
your name, complete address, telephone number, a brief
description of your hardware setup, and indicate whether you
use RSDOS, 059, or both. Entries must be received by July
15, 1992. One entry per household. On or about July 15, a
representative of accounting firm Baker & Assoc. will draw one
lucky winner from all entries meeting the above criteria ... and
that winner could be you.
THE PRIZE PACKAGE. 05-9 Lv. 2 Development System,
5impfyBetter, Newspaper09, NewsART09, NewsFONTS, V-Term,
Disk Manager Tree, Tools II, Lv. II Tools, Presto Partner, MultiMenu, Zapper, Carmen 5anDiego, 059 Iv 2 885, Ffight5im //,
CoCoPRO! Solitaire. All require a CC-3, some require OS-9 Iv 2.
Send entries to:
PO Box 763
Ypsilanti, Ml 48197
Enlrle not containing alt requested Information. or not rec.elw!d on or before July 1s. 1992. may be disqua~lied.
4
June 1992
THE RAINBOW
then conn~!
4 to Pin s'on tlie
~nd __:_' ·
but don' t <;onh~ct the CoCo end;~the "PC
end. Similarly connect Pins 6,;1! ·a nd 20
together on each eod.- (See Figore I)
If your PC compatible uses a DB-9
connector for its seri~l port, connect pins 2,
3 and 7 on the "CoCo'.s D.)3-75 to pins 2, 3
and 5. respectively. on 'the DB-9 (as opposed to the way we wired the DB-25
above). On the CoCo side connect pins 4
and5togetherandpins6,8and20together,
as described above. On rhe PC side, wire
together pins 7 and 8. Also wire together
pins 1. 4 and 6 on the DB-9 connector. (See
Figure 2)
fu
Interfacing With the System Bus
How do I interface hardware proj~ ects to the Color Computer system
bus? Are prototyping cards available to
assist me with making custom inte1face
cards?
Dustin Mollo (DOCMOU.O}
Forestville, California
A
A
lnterfacing to the CoCo system bus is
relatively straight-forward. The 6809
uses memory mapping for 1/0. The 1/0
space for the CoCo 3 is $FFOO through
SFF7E, but much of this area is taken up by
various parts of the CoCo system itself. lf
you are using a Multi-Pak Interface or Slot
Pak m, you can simplify address decoding
by using the •scs line. This line is active
Low for addresses $FF40 through $FF5F.
lf you use the *SCS line, however, make
sure you switch (via software) to the slot
that holds the device before attempting to
address it.
You can use a GAL chip or small-scale
logic chips (the 74LS30, 74LS 133, and
74LS688 come in handy) with the address
lines to decode for other parts of the I/O
space. Addresses $FF60 through $FF7E
are available, though you should stay away
from $FF68 through SFF6F, which is used
by one of two UART devices on most
systems. I am told that addresses $FFIOSFFI F and $FF30-$FF3F in the CoCo 3 are
also available - in a CoCo I or 2, these
addresses conflict with the PlA chips, which
"ghost" into that address space. You ·n want
to gate any memory or 1/0 with the E-clock
line, too, making sure that accesses occur
only when the E clock is High. The 6809
uses a singleR/*W line to control the direction of its 8-bit data bus.
CRC/Disto at one time offered an excellent Color Computer system-bus prototyping card-I used them for several projects
an<l recurnmend them highly. CoCo PRO!
may still be able to sell you some of these.
If they are no longer available, you can
make your own by scrapping other kinds of
cards.
P,C
, Swapph;g· rrinter Boards
A ls-there a board that can be·swapped
~ ofinsu11Jed i11 a Sta'( Micronics N~­
7000 with a Commodore interface to convert it for RS-232 input?
I found that cutting slots over tire power
transformer and power regulator ill my
CoCo3 significantlyreducedtheheatlevel
inside the case. This may be a quick and
simplealternaiivetoredesigningthepower
supply in CoCos that suffer overheating
problems.
'
Doug Pirkey
.. New Cumberland. Pennsylva11ia
DOS computer with a 5 1A-incb 36QK drive.
This PC-based hardware from _Crjitral Point
Software can copy any copy-protected disk
produced forrhe Color Computer (wi.t~ oge
exception, a case in which the media was
intentionally damaged in a part.icular spot) .
Connecting to Ma Bell
How do J hook my converted DC
~ Modem Pak to a standard telephone
fine?
Jason Reighard
Toronto, Ohio
A
A
Male
DB-25 for
coco RS-232
The conversion of a DC Modem Pak
for use as an RS-232 pack involves
removing the 300-bps modem that is part of
the DC Modem Pak. After the modification, you must use an external modem
(preferably one that operates at higher
speeds), connecting it to the converted pack
with a standard serial cable (one that sends
lines 2 through 8 and Line 20 straight from
the DB-25 connnector on the pack to the
DB-25 connector on the modem). External
1200-bps moderns are considered obsolete
by many and can be purchased for around
$10 (used) at computer swap meets and flea
markets. External 2400-bps modems are
quiteinexpensive-about$70to$100 new
- and can be had for $30 to $50 at swap
meets and flea markets.
Female
DB-25 for
PC Serial
Error-Correcting Modems
l have a Disco Mini RS-232 pack. I
~ wamco knowwherlrerornotitcan.be
used with an MNP 5 or V.42bis modem to
supporc hardware flaw control.
Bernie Ruddock {BFRSYS)
M ontville, New Jersey
A
Figure 1: DB-25 to DB-25
Use the new cable to link the serial ports
on the two computers and run a terminal
program on each machine. Be sure you use
tire same communications 3peed on both
machines. (I recommend using the fastest
rate you can - probably 2400 hps.) Try
typing a few letters on each keyboard, to
make sure the same letters appear on the
screen of the other machine. Once this is
working, tell the PC to start an Xmodem
receive and tell the CoCo to initiate an
Xmodem send of the file you want to transfer. This should bring the file over.
Several OS-9 utilities are available for
rea<lingand writing MS-DOS disks. But fur
a single transfer, it may not be practical to
buy such software.
P ri ntout Slowpoke
A When/senddatafromMax-IOtomy
Transferring Big Files
~ DMP- 130 printer at 2400 bps (the
I need to copy over halfa megabyte of fastest speed the '130' s internal serial porr
~ data (in the form ofa random .access accepts), it takes 30 minures to prim a page.
file .for which I know the data-table format) This is just too loni;Jor me . Would a paral.from a CoCo runni11i; OS-IJ ro MS-DOS . lel intetjace help"''' achieve faster results?
Whar software and/or hardware do yo11
Arthur R. Hinman
suggest J use?
Hummelsto wn. Pennsylvania
James W. Kerr
Ft. Myers . Florida
Vriless you use a sizeable printer boffer
along with a serial/parallel converter,
Since this is a one-time transfer, Trec- you won't get much better perfonnance
ommend you use terminal programs using the parallel port. Note that a serial/
- one on the CoCo and the other on the parallel converter is essen tial for hooking a
MS-OOS computer. Any tenninal programs Color Computer to a parallel printer port
that support Xmodem or Y modem should (unless you have a special hardware paralbe adequate, and there are a great many to lel port adapter of the sort that comes with
choose from for both OS-9 and MS-DOS certain Disto mini-expansion boards and
systems.
some J&M disk controllers, along with
Link the two computers by using a null- appropriate software). Max- 10 is slow to
modem cable between their serial ports. print because it prints a "bit image" of the
Since you are running OS-9, I assume you page in the printer's graphics mode. This
arc using a Multi-Pak Interface (or Y cable) requires far more data be sent to the printer
and an RS-232 pack of some kind. Given than would be the case if the program used
this, it is fairly ea'y to make a null-modem the available fonts in the printer and sent
cable to go between a PC-compatible with or ly ASCII text to the printer. Unless you
a DB-25 connector for its RS-232 port and need the desktop publishing capabilities of
the DH-25 on the CoCo serial pack. Pins 2, Max- 10, you might consider using anot her
3 and 7 on the CoCo end should go to pins word processor. Max-10 exacts a heavy
3, 2 and 7, respectively, on the PC DB-25. price in printing speed for its great flexibil Connect Pin 4 to Pin 5 on the Coco end, ity in the printing of fonts.
A
A
•
A
A
There is no practical way to convert a
printer that bas a dedicated Commodore interface. While no doubt a new mother
hoard for the printer would fix the problem,
this would cost more than buying a new
printer.
A
What is usually needed to support
hardware flow control with MNP 5
and V.42bis error detection and compression systems is support
for the RTS and CTS
lines of the RS-232 port
Male
Female
by the hardware of the
DB-25 for
DB-25 for
RS-232 port and, in some
CoCo RS-232
PC Serial
cases, by the software
that talks to it. The Tandy
RS-232 Pak does have
3-2
hardware support for
RTS and CTS. Some of
the early Disco Mini RS"
232 packs supponed
RTS and CTS, too. The
RS-232 port on Disto's
mini~t:xpansion bus ,
however. does not support RTS and CTS, nor
Figure 2: DB-25 to.DB-9
doestheCoCaPRO! RS232 pack (though I did
You are quite right that better ventila- provi,de space on the circuit board to add
tion noticeably improves the heat dissipa- ex1ra levefcon verters and Lbw. 's ti!JpOrt·
tion 'Qf the CoCo, and that rnost of the heat RTS and CTS) . Check to see if pills 4;inil 5
generate~ by the CoCo 3 is produced. diof the DB-25 connector go lo a level-ccinrectly below a part of the case !hat nas its v~er chip (a MAX232, 148.8 or 1489 chip).
ventillation slots '"cosmetically" sealed. lfthose-pins are co·nneeted to le"vel convertOpening these slots sounds like an exce l- ers, RTS/CTS hardware flow control can be
lent idea. and most certainl y is a lot less supported. If those pins arc not connecte>I
work. 1han instalLing a remote power tran- anywhere, RT$ and CTS cannot be used for
sistor and heat sink.
flow contro l. Note that MNP modems offer
an optional use of software flow coutrol.
Copyi ng the Uncopyable
although this may cause problems with
A Is there a utility for rile CoCo thar bi nary data.
~ will allow me to back 11p copy-protected disks for archival purposes?
Null-Modem Connections
Howard Bacon
About six weeks ago, you. ;;ave me inSouth Pillsburgh , Pennsylvania ~formatio11 011 how to make a 11ullmodem cable to connect my CoCo and
Long ago, Computize offered a uti lily 802li6-hased system. I followed your incaUed Spit' N Image that could copy structions , but the cable did not work. I got
most (though not all) copy-protected Coco back to you and asked if somehow the
disks. Computize has left the market, how- problem might be related to the fact that
ever, and I don't know if Spir 'N Image is COM I and COM 3 share an imerrupt (as
available elsewhere. Alternatively, you can do COM 2 and COM 4) , combined with the
See CoCo Consultations on Page 26
use the Copy 2 PC Option Board on an MS-
2------- 1
~]
~j
-~
cl
for
A
A
In Oueat of th• Star Lard
CoCo3
Hint Sheet
Hall of the King 1, 2 or 3
CoCo 1 -3
Hall of the King Trilogy
$29.95 ea.
$74.95
WhHe Flnt of Eternity
CoCo 1 · 3
Dragon Blade
CoCo 1 · 3
Champion
CoCo1 · 3
Paladin ' s legacy
CoCo 1 · 3
Visa . Mastercard . Chee-; . Mon ev Order , and COD
fUSA only
please ) accepted
An
INelgn order5
rnusl be sent in US currency Money Orders lncludE
S2 sn for sh1ppi r g In USA and .: :ar,ada $5. 00
Fores1gn, .$3.00 exl ra 10· COO orders PA resir1ents
add 6% sales laK.. Dealer irn::iu1nes welcome .
Authors, we ·re IOOkmg for new software •
f'
THE RAINBOW
June 1992
6
Tutorial Program
The C rd-player•s Sort
S
orting a playing hand or cards after they
are dealt can be accomplished in several
different ways. One method many card
players use is as follows: The player starts
to form his playing hand by taking the first
card from the pile and placing it in one
hand. He then picks up the second card,
holding it in the empty hand while deciding
whether to place the new card on the left
side or the right side of the first card. When
he picks up the third card, he again holds it
in his free hand until he has decided where
it should go in relation to theothertwo. The
player continues this process until all the
cards in the band have been sorted to his
liking.
This method of sorting cards is equally
applicable to sorting data with a computer.
The sorting subroutine shown in the listing
functions in a manner that is completely
analogous to the card player's method for
sorting cards. This routine, which is designed to sort I 0 numbers stored in an array
under the labels X( ll through X( 10), operates entirely within the FOR/NEXT loop between lines 20 I 0 and 2050. The loop variable (A) starts with a value of 2 sin~e there
is no need to make a sorting decision until
the second number is retrieved (or, for the
card player, until the second card is picked
up).
In Line 2020, the value of Array Element
X(Al is temporarily stored in X( o), which is
analogous to the card player' s holding the
new card in his free hand. In Line 2030, a
loop is formed in which the value of X( o) is
sequentially compared to each of the elements that have been processed so far. This
loop continues as long as X<O) has a value
that is equal to or greater than the value of
the element to which it is being compared .
If the value in X( 0) is less than that of the
comparison e lement, the value of that element is passed to the next higher location in
the array. This process, which starts with
the array element holding the largest value
and progresses toward d1e one with the
smallest value, locates the proper element
in the array for storing the new value. This
is equivalem to U1e card player 's action of
separating his cards one at a time until an
opening has been created where the new
card shoo Id be inserted.
ln Line2040, thevalue ofX ( O) (whose
value is equal to the original value of X(A))
is stored in the array in its proper location.
(This is equivalent to sliding the new card
into the opening that has been created for
it.) In Line 2050, the program loops back to
Line 2020to process the next element in the
array (picking up the next card).
The primary advantage of this sorting
technique comes from Line 2030. Note that
any array element that is out of place is
simply moved to the next highest position
in the array. Trus is accomplished using a
single assignment statement, X( A+S) •
X( A+S · 1), and does not require a complete
swap of values between two elements in the
George R . Mabry is a retired aerospace
engineer. He uses his Color Computer primarily for word processing. though on
occasion he uses it to develop BASIC programs for use in his co11s11/ting work. George
can be comacted ar 18275 Hercules Street ,
He;p eria. CA 92345. Please include 011
SASE when requesting a reply.
Feature Program
Print to the Screen and Printer
D
o you ever run BASIC programs lhat
print information ooscreen lhat you
real)y need OD paper? 0r perl1aps you
the pokes shown in Linc 40) and off as
needed. To turn syru:hrooQus out;put off
under software control, wie die appropripokes from F"igun: 1. For CKalnplc, if
yon have Disk BASIC 1.1,
*
want to keep a paper log of a computing
session so
'
w just what you did.
In eith
tion is usually to
grab a pc •
and start copying.
Bah, hlDllbug!
Color BASIC
Extended BASIC
Disk BASIC 1.0/2.0
Disk BASIC 1. 1/2.1
array. A s a result, the " card- player's sort"
uses fewer macrune cycles and less processing time than sort routines that perform
multiple value swaps between array clements. The average time required to sort
[()()() sets of I 0 random numbers using a
CoCo 3 is about .9 milliseconds. In contrast, the average time to sort I 000 sets of lO
random numbers using an iterative bubble
sort is about 1.45 seconds- an increase of
more than 60 percent when compared to the
time required for the card-player's sort.
In the DEMO program, the FOR/N EXT loop
listed between lines 70 and I00 creates a set
of JO random numbers and displays them
onscreen. In Line 110, the program branches
to the subroutine where the sorting operation is performed. The FOR/NEX T loop, between lines I 20and 140, displays the sorted
array in a separate column on the screen,
allowing for comparison with the original
set of numbers. Because the process of
creating and displaying the array values
uses a number of additional machine cycles,
the total time required to run oEMO ranges
from about 1.5 seconds up to as much as 2.0
seconds.
POKE 360 .x
162
130
203
204
POKE 361 .y
130
115
74
28
The Listing: SYN C
1 ' SYN C
2 'B Y JAME S PROVO ST
3 'R EPRINT ED FROM THE MA Y 1984
4 ' IS SU E OF THE RAINB OW
10 FOR X• l000 TO 1007
20 READ A: POKE X, A
30 NE XT X
40 POKE360, 3 : POKE361. 232
50 POKE150 . 1 ' PRINTER BAUO PO KE
60 DATA 52 . 84. 189. 16 2 . 191
70 DATA 53. 84. 57
The Listing: CAROSORT
'CARO · PLAYER'S SORT OEMO
'BY GEORGE R. MABRY
'COPYRIGHT (C) 199 2
'BY FALSOFT, INC.
5 'RAINBOW
40 CLS
50 PRINT "CARO PLAYER'S SORT PRO
GRAM "
60 PRIN T
70 FOR A-1 TO 10
80 X(A)•RN0(1000)
90 PRINT X(A)
100 NEXT A
110 GO SUB 2000
120 FOR A·l TO 10
130 PRINT @(32*A+~8 ) ,X(A )
140 NEXT A
150 PRINT
160 PRINT "RUN THE PROGRAM AGAIN
170 PRINT " ( Y ORN) ?"
180 Z$• I NKEY$: IF ZS•"" TH EN 180
190 IF ZS • "Y" THEN 40
200 I F ZS <> "N" THEN 180
210 END
2000 REM* CAR D PLAYER ' S SORT *
2010 FOR A-2 TO 10
2020 S•0:X(0 )•X(A)
2030 IF X( 0 )CX(A+S- l) TH EN X( A+S
l-X ( A+S·l):S- S- l : !F ( A+Sl> l THEN
2030
2040 X( A+S )•X (0 )
2050 NEXT A
2060 RETURN
Proven
Technoloa~
On the Razor's Edge of the Color Computer Frontier .,_,,-,,,
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THE RAINBOW
June 1992
8
Feature Program
retty·print
05·9
Source
Code
•
code to the standard output path, so it can be
viewed on the screen or redirected to the
printer or to a file. For example,
Programmers are notorious for taking
the easiest path to finish a task. For example, the OS-9 assembler allows you to
put several spaces between fields {label,
mnemonic, operand and comment) to align
the columns, making the assembly-language
listing very easy to read. (Notice how neat
the listings look in THE RAINBOW .) However, if you 're like me, you take the shortcut
and put only one space between the fields.
The problem with this is that when you print
the listing for debugging or to show to
someone, all the fields run together and it is
downright difficult to read.
Pretty is a machine-language program 1
wrote lo solve this problem. Pretty formats
the source code and makes it look like it
came straight from the pages of THE RAINBOW - and you can continue to put only
one space between fields.
To use the program, just enter pretty
followed by the name or palhlisl of the
desired file . If you omit the source filename, the program accepts lines from the
standard input path through a pipeline or by
input redirection. Two examples of this are
pretty uglysource >prettysource
formats the source code in ugl ysourceand
saves it in anew file called prettysource.
The - p option tells the program to paginate the output. If used, Pretty prints 65
lines then a blank line to ensure the printheadskips over the fanfold perforations. To
have Prerry do this, just eoter - p directly
after pretty on the command line. To alter
the lineand page lengths, change the equate
(equ) statements in the listing before assembling the program.
The assembly-language source code for
Pretty is shown in Listing 1. lf you do not
have an OS-9 assembler, enter and run the
BASIC09 program shown in Listing 2. This
program generates the executable pretty
module and stores it in the CMOS directory
on the default drive. Level I users need to
change all references to /dd in Listing 2 to
/dO (or another appropriate drive).
bne
orb
cmpb
bn e
inc
leax
findfile ldd
cmpb
beq
blo
open
ld a
os9
bes
sta
pretty <so urcefi 1e
Pretty sends the newly formatted source
getl ine
pa ss
printit
ch kmode
Listing 1: Pretty.asm
**************************************************
chknext
* PRETTY - ( c ) 1988 by STEPHEN B. GO LOBERG
*Use : pretty [-p] [ file]
* Formats and opt i onally paginates assembly 1anguage
* source code to stondard output po th. The st andard
*input path is used 1f fi le name is omitted.
pat h
str i ng
del i m
paginate
pgcount
i nbuff
outbuff
dsi z
name
if pl
use
endc
/dd/def s /os9def s
mod
l en. name. prgrm+objct. reent+ 1. entry. dsi z
equ
equ
80
66
printer 1 i ne 1ength
rmb
rmb
rmb
rmb
rmb
rmb
rmb
rmb
rmb
equ
I
l
I
1
1
25 5
255
200
200
input path number
string flag
string delimiter
pagination flag
text 1 i ne counter
input buffer
output buffer
st ack
fcs
fcb
fee
/ Pretty /
2
edition numbe r
/ (c)l988 S.B.Goldberg /
page length
parameters
compare
cl r
cl r
cl r
decb
beq
1 dd
cmpa
st an d a rd input path
c l ear s tring flag
paginate
c l e ar pagination flag
parameter?
no . use st andard i np ut
para meter c h ar ~ct ers
option?
,x
II '-
pgcount
path
inbuff , u
i/255
Ureadln
error
.x
il$0d
printit
ii'*
pr int2
to 1 i ne co unter
input path number
inpu t buffer
ma ximum line l e ngth
get line
branch on error
first character
blank line ?
yes, print it
comment 1
yes, pr in t it
outbuff, u
il8
movetext
os9
1 eay
rts
f$cmpnam
b,y
comp a re opcodes
str1 ng
set string flag
inc
pul s
ldb
bs r
ldb
tst
beq
bsr
bra
operand bs r
document cl ra
bsr
y
13
fee.per
compare
set flag
comp a re
set flag
comp a re
chknext
y
i/20
operand
.Y
opcode
c hkmode
l,y
chkmode
output buffer
1ength of 1abe1 f1 el d
move label to out put buffer
save register
opcode 1ength
string pseudo· op
expect str1 ng ope rand ?
yes , set string flag
expect st r i ng?
yes, set stri ng flag
i nherent mode opcode?
no, c heck nex t opcode
ye s . retr i eve register
opcode + blank operand
move both
check next opcode character
done. move opcode
good opcode. check 1t
no good, check 4 character opcodes
bump pointer
chec k opcode
next opcode
return
y
retrieve register
115
opcode field length
opcode to output buffer
operand f i eld length
string field?
no, move operand to output buffer
movetext
1114
string
operand
dost r i ng
document
movetext
comment
yes. ignore spaces in string
add comment
operand to output buffer
no delimiter
add comment to output buffer
* MOVE FIELD TO OUTPUT BUFFER
** * ***** ****** * *** *** ***** * ***
movetext 1 da
cm pa
beq
movei t
skip
path
string
ne wpage
filename?
no, look some more
no filename. use standard input
read mode
open input file
exit with error
save path number
leay
ldb
bsr
pshs
ldb
leay
bs r
bee
bsr
bee
bs r
bes
pul s
ldb
bra
tst
beq
bpl
i ncb
1 eay
bra
set flag
opcode
* lN! TtALIZE AND OPEN FILE
en tr y
sta
lda
leax
ldy
os9
1bes
lda
cmpa
beq
cmpa
lbeq
*
***** * **** *** ********* ** ******
*** ** * **** ***** *** ***** * ******
parameter characters
***************************•**
* GET LINE FROM INPUT
******
** ** ***********
* •••••••• lines/page
newpage 1da
ilpage l e n- 1
Stephen Goldberg is a dentist and the
author of the Utilipak series of OS-9 utilities. He can be contacted at 695 Plainview
Road, Bethpage,NYI 1714 . Please include
an SASE when requesting a reply.
and
l inel en
no. open f1 le
make lower case
paginate?
no. open f1 le with error
yes. set page flag
buRp pointer
******************************
* FORMAT Fl ELO COLUMNS
1i st sourcefil e ! pretty
~age 1 en
open
#$20
#'p
open
paginate
l ,x
,x+
#$20
findfile
newpage
#read .
i $open
pass
path
sta
cm pa
beq
decb
bra
lda
cm pa
beq
bl 0
1 ea x
lda
spacer
sta
de cb
,x+
//$20
skip
,y+
//$0d
print
movete xt
, x+
l/$20
ski p
line character
space?
yes, add spaces to buffer
no, to output buffer
end of line?
yes, print line
no, cou nt char ac te r
move anot her character
11 ne character
an other co lumn?
no, c heck again
movei t
end of line. s ave and print
· l. x
1/$20
, y+
reset po inter fo r next co l umn
space
to buffer
end of col umn?
June 1992
THE RAINBOW
bpl
rts
s pace r
no . add a nothe r sp a ce
fcs
f cs
fc s
f cs
f cs
f cs
f cs
fcs
fcs
fcs
fcs
fcs
fcs
fcs
fcs
fcs
fcs
fcs
fcs
fcs
fcs
return
dostr1 ng 1 da
sta
comme nt sta
de cb
bra
mv stri ng lda
sta
de cb
cmpa
beq
eheekend cmpa
beq
bra
.x+
,y+
del im
first string character
to buffer
checkend
, x+
,y+
c heck for end o f 1 ine
st ring c hara cte r
to buffer
save as delim i ter
count ch aracter
count cha ra cte r
del 1m
skip
l/$0d
print
end of string?
yes, space to next column
end of 1 i ne?
yes, print 11ne
mv string
no. move another character
***** ... ************************
* PR I NT ANO CHECK FOR PAGE ENO
******************************
print
leas 2 . s
reset
print2
clr
leax
ldy
lda
os9
bes
tst
lbeq
dee
lbne
string
outbuff .u
lllinelen
Ill
1$wr1tln
o ut
paginate
getlfne
pgcount
getline
stack
clear string flag
output buffer
maximum line length
standard output
line to output
exit wi th error
pages?
no. get next li ne
end of page?
no, get next li ne
leax
<er.per
yes. carriage return
ldy
Ill
one character
os9
i$writln
carriage return to output
l bra
newpage
start new page
noe rr
o ut
er
fee
*
cmpb
bne
c l rb
os9
lle$eof
out
Uexi t
end of file?
quit w1t h ot her error
clear error flag
quit
fcb
f es
fes
$0 d
/ fe e/
/fcs/
carriage return
string pseudo- op
string pseu do - op
len
11 sl al
11 sl b/
11 s ra I
/lsrb/
/neg a /
/n eg bl
l ro la I
/ rolb /
/rora l
/rorb/
/ sw i 2/
/swi3/
/sync/
/ts ta/
/tstb /
0
emod
equ
end
PROCEDURE Makepretty
( * Generates the binary module pretty *l
0000
00 28
C* Level I - change all /d d to /d0 *)
DIM path,byt:BYTE
0040
0058
OIM count: INTEGER
005F
PRINT "Creating pretty . . . ":
CREA TE I/path," /dd/ cmds /p retty": WRITE
0079
FOR eount-1 TO 443
0093
READ byt
00A4
PU T I/path. byt
00A9
NEXT count
0083
008E
CLOSE I/path
00C4
PRINT
SHE LL " attr ldd/cmds/pretty e pe"
00C6
ENO
00E 3
OATA 135.205 .1.187 .0. 13 .17.12g,146, 0.40, 3 , 147,80,I14,101
00E 5
011 9
DATA 116 .116 . 249 . 2 .40 ,99 .41,49. 57 ,56.56,32,83 ,4 6,66 . 46 . 71
0150
DATA 111.108 . 100.98 , 101,114, 103, 15 . 0.15,l, 15 , 3.90.39,33
OATA 236.132 ,129 .45,38,18,202,32,193.112 , 38 , 12,12 ,3 . 48, l
0184
ERROR CHECK AND EX IT
error
fcs
fes
fc s
fcs
fcs
fcs
fcs
fcs
fcs
fcs
fcs
fcs
fcs
fcs
fcs
fcb
Listing 2: Makepretty.b09
******************************
*
/a bx/
/daa/
/mul I
/ nop/
/ rti I
/r t s/
/s ex /
/s wi I
/asl a/
/asl b/
/ asra/
/asrb/
/cl ra/
/cl rb/
/coma I
I comb/
/cwa i I
/deca I
/decb/
Ii nca I
/ i ncb/
INHERENT MOOE OPCODES
**** * *** *** * * *** * ***** *** *. * **
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E'11llP1'~ ~ Eori,~
ZOOM MODEMS
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NEW! 14,400 BPS ZOOM V.l2bis/V.42/V.42bis data mod....,. MNPl-S+LAPM.
Error Correction and data compression (much higher efrectivc throughput - as much as
(57,600 BPS). Two Year Warranty.
External $339/lnlernill $299 (+$9 S&H)
U.S. ORDER DESK : (800) 237-2409
INT'L & T ECHNICAL : (206) 432-1814
RUN OS9 LEVEL 2 VIS/BLY FASTER - GET A
/2!}_!JS POWERBOOST FROM BURKE & BURKE!
NEW LOWER PRICE! 9600 BPS ZOOM V.32/V.42/V.42bis d•t• modems. MN Pl -5+LAPM.
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External $299/lnlernill $279 (+$9 S&H)
You ean see the differenoe in 0$9 Level 2 when you install the PowerBoost kit from
Burke & Burke. It includes the ama.zing Hila.Chi HD63B09E microprocessor, a 1003
compatible bigh-perfonnance replacement for yolD' CoCo 3' MC68B09E. Using the
NEW LOWER PRICE! 2400 BPS ZOOM V.42/V.42bis data modems. MNP1-5+LAPM.
HD63809E's added registers and high-speed imtruction set, block moves and other
NEW PRODUCT! 9600 BPS ZOOM Send/Receive Fax modems.
functions are up to 1x as fast! Tbe PowerBoost kit includes Burke & Burke's
Powerlloost softW2J'O, which modifies yolD' OS9 Level 2 operating sys~m for fas~r
multi-tukins , pphics, and di•k 1/0 when usin9 the HD63B09E. SOLDERING IS
REQUIR~D TO INST ALL THE HD63B09E .
Send/Receive tcx!/graph ics files from/to your computer/any Fax mach ine in the world. Full
2400 BPS da1a modem capabilitiy. Seven Year Warranty.
Includes PC or MAC FAX softwa re.
External $139/lnternal $129 (+$6 S&H)
PowerBoosc (HIJ6.JB09E w/ Sofrw1w for OS9)
$.?99S
The. 6309 Book by Chris Bucke. This book de.scribes th& instruction set of the
HD63B09E microprocessor, and gives assembly language examples that help you
detect the high-performance processor and t>ke advantage of it• capabilities in yow
programs . Include$ disk with OS9 A..embler I Dis...embler I Debus8"r [>"tches for
HD63B09E. REQUIRED 'ASM ' ASSEMBLER, 'DEBUG' DEBUGGER , AND HD63 B09E
MICROPROCESSOR NOT INCLUDED .
The 6309 Book (lodudes disk I+it/J developmeor.100/s forOS9)
$249S
WORLIJ CLASS CH/iSS ' - Use Q-rus C/Jess wl Level 2
NLlfSY.!>ThM /U:PACK 1. 1 - Fnsterdisk defm.;meorer
R . S 8 ·' - - £J1~1: BASJCforLeFel2 (BASICROl'.fffl:ju1'n>d).
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ZCLOCK - Continuous lime/ mite displny on Level2 sa'l'e.n
CVGV XI' -- Use PChturl ddve J+;/ loCo ! OS9 S/W incl
(A dd$.JOforRenl-TimeOock. A dd$20for11uto boot ROM)
$299..f
$29.9S
,(1.9.9.S
$1.9.!1..f
$9.95
$69 9..f
WA RESIDENTS ADD 8.2% SALES TAX . Maste!Card & VISA accepted. U.S. COD's add
$3 . 7~ . Min. U.S. •hippins $1 .00. Min. to Canada $5 .00. Please ..tlow 2 weeks for
delivery. Overnight or 2nd- day aV2ilable for in-stock items . Software upsrades $5 .00
each w/receipt , includins U.S. shi pping .
Call or write for a free cataJog of more exciting Color Computer products!
Error correction and data compression (much higher effective throughput BPS). Two Year Warranty.
External $149 (+$9 S&H)
as much as 9600
NEW LOWER PRICE! 2400 BPS ZOOM Data modems.
Seven Year Warranty
External $85/lnlernal $75 (+56 S&H)
These are all high quali1y modems mad" by Zoom Tele phonies in the USA. fully Hayes
compatible. Termi nal and Windows Fax software available. Cables available.
S&H Canada (J\ ir PP and Ins): V.32, V.42/V.4 2bis $1 3.00 Send/Receive Fax/Data $9 .00
GCS FILE TRANSFER UTILITIES- Version 3.0
The GCS File Transfer Utilities provide a simple a nd quick method to transfe r tcxl/binary files
from/to a variety of floppy disk formats.
Commands
PC, RS, FLEX disks: Dir, Dump, Read, Wrile
PC disks: Rename, Dele te, Format
Handles most 5.25 and 3.5 formats. Any level sub-Oirectories (PC). Binary files. Use pipes for
muhiple file lransfers. Mult i-Vue version can be used under Multi -Vue or as stand alone Shell
commands.
Requires OS-9 L2 for COCO 3, Ll for COCO 1 or 2. 2 drives (one can be hardlramdisk, one
floppy 40 T DO OS). Multi-Vue for Multi· Vue version. SDISKJ for COC03 - SDISK for COCO
1 or 2.
OSK version price
$99 .95
Multi-Vue version $54 .95 Starxlard version
$44 .95
V3.0 updates (provide disk number)
$25 .00/S15 .00
D.P. Johnson Software 5DISK or SDISK3 $29.95 L1+L2 Utils $75.00
Shipping and handlling - any software S2.50 U.S.A., $3 .00 Canada
Orde rs must be prepaid or COD. VISNIVC acceplcd. COD is additional.
571 Center Road, Hillsboro, NH 03244 USA
(603) 464-3850
OS.-9 ii ii tnde-rnart.: of Mi<TOw- Sytlems Coqiontion ~ Molofo l• , Inc.
MS.DOS i• "' tr~ of Microtoll Cotp.. FLEX it a nnd.,nark of TSC, Inc.
9
10
June 1992
01BB
01EC
0223
0257
028E
02C5
02 F9
0330
0364
0395
03C6
03 FA
0434
0468
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
THE RAINBOW
236.128.193,32,39.250,37 ,9, 134.l.16,63,132.37.l7.l51
0, 134, 65, 15 1 ,4, 150,0,48,69,16, 142 ,0, 255,16,63,139, 16
37,0,187, 166, 132, 129, 13 ,39 , 2 , 129,42,16,39 ,0, 139 ,49
201, l ,4 , 198,8, 141,66,52 ,32 ,198, 3,49 ,141.0. 168.141 ,27
36,31.141.23 .36.27 .141.19 . 37 .6 . 53.32 .198.20.32 ,35.109
164,39, 15 ,42 ,240, 92 ,49, 33 .32 ,235 .16,63,17,49,165 ,57
12 ,l ,53,3 2 , 198 ,5, 141 , 15, 198, 14.13 ,1,39,4,141,40 ,32
2. I~ 1,3, 79, 141 ,3 7, 166, 128.129,32 ,39,9,167, 160, 129 ,13
39 ,45 ,90, 32 ,241.166 . 128.129,32 ,39 .250, 37 .239.48.31
134·.32.167 . 160 .90 ,42.251. 57.166,128.167 .160 .1 51.2 .90
32,9,166, 128,167, 160,90.145,2,39,220,129 .1 3 . 39 . 2 . 32
24 1. 50 ,98 , 15,1,48,201,1,4, 16,142,0,80,134 . 1.1 6 , 63 .140
37 ,30,13, 3 , lb,39,200, 73, 10 ,4 ,16,38,200,61,48,140,18
16, 142.0.1 .16.63,140. 22 . 255 . 50 . 193.211.38 .1. 95.16 .63
04A2
04D3
04 FE
052C
055A
0588
0586
05 £1
060C
0637
066 2
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
6, 13, 102,99, 227 .102,99 , 243 ,9 7 . 98.248.100 .97 .225 .109
117, 236.110,111, 240, 114. ll6. 233, 114, ll6, 243 .115 .101
248,115,119,233.97,115,108,225,97,115,108,226.97 . 115
114 .22 5 ,97,11 5,114.226 , 99, 108. 114.225, 99, 108, 114.226
99 .111.109 .225. 99 .111.109. 226 . 99 .11 9 .9 7 , 233 .100,101
99.225,100, 101.99,226.105.110.99.225.105.110.99,?26
108.115,108. 225. 108 .115 .108. 226.108,115, 114 . 225, 108
115, 114 ,226, 110 .101.103, 225, 110.101,103, 226, 114, 111
108,225 .114 .111.10 8,226.114.111.114.225,114 ,111 , 114
226, 115, 119 .1 05, 178 ,11 5.119 ,10 5, 179, 115, 121, 110,227
116, 115 , 116,225,116,115, 116. 226 ,0 . 3 1, l .214
Quickie Hardware Project
Pause Switch
Adds Freedom
to CoCo Habits
Pin1
Pin3
(*HALT)
Ring ... Ring _ . .
"Could you get that, Tom? I'm playing
Reactoids. ··
" It 's for you Jeff."
" But I've almost beat my high score, and
I have three reflectors left."
Computer's cartridge port.
TI1e *HALT line is active-Low
(hence the asterisk), which
means it is normally tied High
through a resistor and is activated
by " pulling" the line Low. This is
''He says it's important."
done by connecting it to ground.
"Coming,&!@%$!!"
As soon as the 6809 detects a Low state
on the *HALT line. it finishes the instrucA common scenario in you r home? T tion currently being executed and waits for
wish all games had a built-in pause feature. the *HALT line to go High again. We can
but some don ' t. Fortunately Tcame up with use this feature to our advantage. If we cona solu tion.
nect a switch hetween the *HALT line and
ground, we he:ive created a hardware ""pause"
While reading through the service man
ual for my CoCo. l came across a reference
to a *HALT line. a special control line on
the 6809 CPU (central processing unit)
chip. This line is avai lable at Pin 40 011 the
6809 and goes directly to Pin 3 on the Color
switch. And it works with any program:
BASIC, mach.ine lm1guage or ROM cmtridge.
However, it is important to remember you
should nm use the new pause switch when
input/nutpur equipmenl (di sk drives. tape
recorders, primers or modems) is in operation.
To add a pause switch to your CoCo,
you' ll need an SPST (single-pole, si nglethrow) switch, two 1-foot lengths of insulated wire, a soldering iron and solder, and
a phillips screwdriver. You can fmd the
switch at any Radio Shack or local electronics outlet. If you have no experience using
a soldering iron, find a friend who docs.
Now make sure tbeCoCo is not plugged
in , then tum it on to drain any remainin g
charge in the main capacitor. Thi s helps to
protect you as well as the computer. You
should also eliminate any static charge in
your body by touching a grounded metal
object (the cold-water pipe in your home
should do the trick).
Now tum the CoCo on its back and
remove the six screws holding the case
bottom to the case top. (Note that doing this
voids any exisling warranty on the computer.) Tum the Coco back over and remove the top of the case.
Look at the right side of the computer
and you will see two rows of 20 metal pins
connecting the cartridge slot to the main
circuit board (see Figure I). The pins in the
!eji row are numbered 1. 3. 5. 7 and so on,
from I.op to bottom (from the back of 1hc
computerro the front). Similarly. the pins in
the ri11/Jtrow are labeled 2, 4, 6. 8 and so on,
from top to bottom.
As l stated before, the *HA LT line is
connected to Pin 3. the second Pin from the
back in 1he left row. Signal ground is available on pins 33 and 34 of the cartridge
connector. We are going to connect the
switch between these two signals. Since Pin
33 is the easiest ground pin to reach with a
soldering iron, we'll use that one.
Now you need to decide where and how
you want to mount the switch. I cut a small
square hole just above the cartridge port.
The case is pretty tough so 1 had to use a
hammer and a very sharp chisel. If the
switch you purchase is designed to fit a
round hole. use a power drill to make the
opening. If you don't want to ri sk huning
the CoCo (or yourself). you may want to
simply have the wires come up through the
vents on top of the CoCo, making sure to
knot the wires inside the case so they won't
be yanked out. However, make sure you
insulate the switch connections with electrical tape.
Once the sw itch is mounted, use the
s ~1ldering
iron to solder a piece of wire to
each of the two connecrnrs on the SPST
switch. ·n 1en solder one of these wires to
Pin 3 of the cartridge corn1cctor and the
other to Pin 33. Be careful not to drip any
solder on the circuit board. If you do, wai t
a few seconds for it to cool. then ca.-efufly
push it off the board with a smal l screwdriver or a pencil.
After you fmish soldering and make sure
the connections are secure, put the top back
on the CoCo and replace the six screws.
Now you can use the switch to pause any
program or to keep other people from
messing up any program currently in your
computer. Happy pausing!
Jeff Steidl majored in computer science
and minored in math , music and French.
He plans ro pursue a doctorme in. compwer
engineering . Jcjj'enjoys pushing the CoCo
3 ro new limits and is th e author of the
Stmdog Systems' products GratExpress and
Photon.
June 1992
THE RAINBOW
11
Feature Program
Two Players for Do You Rest
the Price of One Easy at Night?
S
rar Grabber is a shon two-player game
in which both players try to "grab" as
many stars as they can. The program requires rwo joysticks.
To gather stars, a player moves the right
or left jo ystick to control a colored circle on
the screen. The circle controlled by the
right joystick is blue, and the left joystick
controls the orange circle. Once a star is
centered in the circle, its color changes to
match that player's color. At the end of two
minutes. the player who has gathered the
mosl stars is the winner.
Star Grabber requires l 6K Extended
BASIC and is designed to be as short as
possible to demonstrate the power of the
language. (It also cuts down on typing time
- you can start to enjoy the game more
quickly.) I was careful to trim the program
size and use every trick I could to increase
execution speed. For instance, all variables
use single-letter variable names. In addition, all the lines were packed as tightly as
possible. If you have a CoCo 3, you can
double the speed using the high-speed poke
(POKE 6549 7, O). However, make sure you
slow the computer down ( POKE 65496. 0)
before saving or loading any programs .
lbe most complex part of Srar Grabber
is the built-in machine-language routine
~(£~
;g
used to tally the final score. This is the only
area where BASIC was unable to provide the
desired speed.
Note to users with 16K machines: As
written, Star Grabber assumes the Color
Computer has 32K. H the disk drive is
connected, you must have 32K before Star
Grabber will run. To move the machinelanguage routine to a location suitable for
I 6K machines, make the following changes:
Line
CJ.umae
To
40
40
32591
32592
32592
32651
32653
16207
16208
16208
16267
100
100
100
16269
Jim McDowell has worked with the Color
Computer f or the past JO years. He has
written several articles for the CoCo and
continues to produce programs under the
business name JML Software Design. He
can be contacted at 34 Main Street, Co/chesrer, VT 05446-1I55. Please include an
SASE when requesting a reply .
THE RAINBOW is the only publication that offers peace of mind to Coco
users. Members of the Coco Community have always looked to THE RAINBOW for comfort - hints, tips , the latest news and communication with
others - for their Tandy Color Computers.
THE RAINBOW continues to serve and support Coco users, from
beginners to the advanced, by covering the wide variety of topics affecti ng
the Coco Community. Looking for games? Telecommunications packages? Finance programs? Interested in helpful utilities? Hands-on hardware projects? Want to take the guesswork out of buying software and
hardware? From Disk BASIC to OS-9, THE RAINBOW has the answers to
all your Coco questions.
Get rid of your nightmares by renewing your subscription today . THE
RAINBOW - the best security blanket for a good night's rest.
Use our 800 number!
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call (502) 22&-4492 •
•••••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••
12
THE RAINBOW
June 1992
Q uickie Program
LI
Turn the
W e rid
On End
Bring together Bill Bemico's World (11lE
1988, Page 70), Fred
Crawford 's cover for the November 1987
RA INB O W , September
telecommunications issue and an opening
Save Money Too!
Subscribeto these convenient services and receive each month 's programs in a ready-torun form. No more long tedious hours wasted typing I No more red eyes and sore fing ers! All
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OS-9 programs are available too ! One side of the RAINBOW ON DISK is formatted for the
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Aone-year subscription to THE RAINBOW and RAINBOW ON TAPE is only $91 in the U.S.,
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Aone-yearsubscrlptiontoTHERAINBOWand RAINBDWON DISK lsonly$115inthe U.S.,
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issues of both RAINBOW ON TAPE and RAINBOW ON DISK are also available ! (see our back
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RAI NBOW ON TAPE back issues are available beg inn ing with the April 1982 issue. Asingle
copy of RAINBOW ON TAPE is $1 0 within the U.S., $12 in all other countries. The annual subscription for RAINBOW ON TAPE is $80 within the U.S.; $90 in Canada; and $105 for all other
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•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
scene from Stanley Kubrick' s 200J , and
yo u are Jn Orbit. Jn Orbit is a short BASIC
program that is really out of this world (or
off the planet , anyway).
Enter the program and save it to tape or
disk before running it. Some of the lines in
the lis ting are "packed" - these lines contain a few more characters than the CoCo
normally allows you to enter. To enter these
lines, type all the characters you can until
the cursor won ' t move any farther. Press
ENTER, then enter ED rT line, where line is
the line number you are entering. Press X
(for extend) and the cursor moves to the end
of the line, at which point you can enterthe
technique for use with graphics modes other
than PMO OE 1.
I hope you enjoy this little graphics/
sound diversion. And I hope you will take
the cime co learn new animation tricks and
techniques.
After careers in aerospace, mechanical
and structural engineering , Barry Mitchel
is exploring the computer-aided varieties.
His outlets are tennis, biking, swimming
and climbing with his family , and pushing
the limits of his CoCo 3 . He can be contacted at 70 Longview Road, Reading. MA
01867-2818 . Please include an SASE when
requ e:;ting
a reply.
n:mainiog <.: harat: Lers. Then just press
ENTER to save the edited line in the CoCo's
m emory.
In Orbit dra ws a wurld map, then rotates
it around the screen while playing a little
something written by Strauss. Of course,
you could substitute one of your own favorite screens for the image drawn in lines I JO
through 160, and put a different 32-bar
waltz in the PLAY values in Line I 00- but
the effect would nnt be the same.
The high scroll rate is a result of my
unique use of PCOPY in Line 190. (The GET
and PUT commands reposition only 3/32 of
the screen.) It should be easy to extend this
The Listing:
INORB[T
1 'I N ORBIT
2 ' BY BA RRY J . MITC HEL
3 ' COP YRIGH T ( Cl 1992
4 ' BY FALSOFT. I NC.
s ·RA urn ow
100 OA TAC, C, E. G, G. P4, G, G, P4, E, E,
P4 , C,C, E, G, G, P4 , G, G, P4 , F, F , P4 , O·
B. B, O+ O, A, A, P4 , A, A, P4 , F , F. P4, 0 · B
. 8, O+O. A, A, P4 , A. A, P4 . E. E. P4, C, C,
E. G. O+ C, P4, C. C, P4 . 0 · G. G. P4. C, C, E
. G, O+C . P4 . C, C. P4. 0 · A. A. P4 , 0 . 0. F.
A.A. P2. P4, F ll. G , O +~ . P2 , P4 . O·G , E, E
• P4 , 0 , A, P4, G, C, P8L8C, L4C . CPl
110 PMOOE1, l :PCLS2 :S CRE ENl.0:0RA
W"BM0 . 30C4S80 3B0 503 2E U30 BU6 U3 F03
B07 028B 04 OFU3BU3U28BIJ 21J BU 3U30FD3
5 80303 EU BU4U35 F034B 07 DRU 2 BU 7U3 3 F
0260 202BB OB OBRBU3UBU6U26 RD 25B06 D
36040 4F DU68U6U6U10U21 RD2 0B060 4B D
7 06EU6BU 6U5BU5U20 03RD15B 0 50BD204
BD6D6RU6 BU l 3U2 BU4Ul 4E015 B040
120 ORAW" B01 4D6RU6 BU17UB U5U 13BU4
U2R03 B03D12 B0602 BO16 D6RU 5BU1 7U2 B
U /Ul 1BU4U2 608 R09 B0 27 05FU6B U27U8R
D9B 02 508UEU4BU 8U 08U 16Ul 2RNO1 3RD 1
2 80 l 8008 U30RN D8R07 8 024 RBU2 5U6RN0
6FD5 BD27 D0B U32RD5RU 4F03EU2FBD l 1 L
2 E2 D2B08F 8U9U 2BU 4U0BU7 E02 8050 280
203U EU12RD1 1801 40 FU2 8Ul 4Ul 2R
130 DRAW" N0 10RD98 019D8U29 RD9RU9F
D9 RU 108U 7 E0 2BD401 4 FU15BU 4U 2R038D
2 017f0 3U26R02 7 FU29CU03 2fU33(034 f
U3 7R03 8NL RU 39 EU0 36B0302 FU 38U4U 3 5
E036B 04 0360 202 FDU6 BU7 U20 BU6 Ul 009
6DBD 22 BD4 07FU98U3U2 0B U9U 10 R012 BD
1003BD2D1 0BD501 080 909FZHU148U 3Ul
2 BU 6U8BU4U28U9 U13 FO l 3 BO 703
140 ORAW" BD4D 7BD 7027 U2EU2 4BU8U 3B
U2U2 BU 12U 12FD128 0110803 D2B09022E
U2 0BU10U38U13Ul 4 EU027BD3080 12019
EU l 7 8Ul 7U2 6E028B0 17015U2EU1 18U20
U28R02 5 802 4 OBEU 6BU26 U25 R0 24 B027 0
4 EU2 BU 29U23 FD21 BD3 0D2BRBU27 U2BU1
4U 5FD 3BD 1404RU3BUl 6U2B R98 039 04 FU
6 ED? RU88U 2U2 8U6U 2 EU04B D60 2
150 ORAW" BD 208RU88U 2U2BU2U SU3NU4
f 068 0308 FUl 08U 3USR8U 230 38 0130280
40680301 1 FD6Ul BBU3U6BU3 U5BU 10USR
DS 8 0906B0306B03019 F04U 24B U3 U7BU 2
U7 BU8U6 R0480906B 03 08803 024 FU 25 BU
3U9BU3 U58Ul0U 3F028090680 201 08030
24EU22BU3Ul 9R0208 02021 EU20 6U2LUE
U17D F015805 013EU1l 8U6Ul 4RD16
16 0 ORAW" BO R03B01202BU l 7U6BU3U l 2
BU 4U2B U10U2 ED4BD9 02B0401 0B04 086 0
1105 RU5B U11U8BU3Ul2 BU 4U 3BUBU4R04
8 060 48 05 020 FU22B U6 U2BU6 U3 R0 2 807 0
280 5024 FD3U32 H3GFRD33 RU 33 R032 EU 3
2 E0 32RU33 BU4H U2 EUN 05R05 B040 33 FU3
48 U3U6 FDS B03038 FU398U 3U3R0 3B0304
0 EU3 88 U3U3 RD 3B03036
170 PLA Y"OSC " : EXEC 445 39
180 DI MW ( 57) : PMOD EI. l :PLAY" T403
190 GEH 0 ,0 ) • (23 , 191 ) , W: POK E25 , 1
30 : PCOP Yl 29T01 : PCOPYl 30 T0 2 : POKE2
5 . PEEK(5 1 l: PUT(232 . 0 ) ·( 255 , 191 l .
w
200 REAOta : PLAY N$:1FN S- " CPl " THE N
RE STORE
2 10 GOT0 190
~
June 1992
THE RAINBOW
Product Review
Window Master Desk
Accessory Pak
The Desk Accessory Pak offers additional features to the Window Master 3.0
program in the form of desk accessories.
These accessories can be easily loaded in
one of two ways: You can either run the
OAINSTA L program from within the FINDER
program - this installs the accessories
when you need them - or you can use lhe
new version of the W. BAS program, provided on di k. The laner approach installs
the accessories upon each boot of Willdow
Master 3.0. This approach also requires a
two-drive ystern.
The accessories pac kage contains a font
editor, an icon editor. acalemlarprogn.m , a
terminal package. dis k utilities, functionkeyutilities, a graphicseditor, and a version
of Othello called Flip-It.
The font editor allows you to create
original fonts for use with Window Master.
The system has I 0 n:si<lent fonts or character sets. To crea1e new sets you must edit
one character at a time. For experimentation, I edited a few characters from an
existing character set. If you make a mistake prior to saving a character, it is possible to reload the original character. While
editing. the re ulting character is d.i splayed
in a c haracter box. After each character in
the set has been edited and saved. you must
update the character set to prevent loss of
your efforts.
The icon edi tor is part of the font editor
program. If you select GFX Font or GFX
Small from 1he character-set menu , you're
actuall y c hoosing 10 edit icons. Tl1e process
screen menu for using a normal or split
screen. The split screen provides a conference mode text box for entering text that
will not be overwritten by information
received on the screen. Users can switch
between a graphics screen or an 80<olumn
text screen. The text screen is the faster of
the two and is recommended for displaying
text at 1200- or 2400-bps.
TI1e disk utilities are similar to !hose
already provided with the Window Master
package with the exception of a new backup
routine. The Window Master utilities menu
offers an initialization option but no backup
option. The range of disk functions now
includes formatting. labeling and backing
up disks as weU as copying. killing and
_ renaming multiple files. When a function is
selected, you' re prompted for the destination di k drive.
A powerful fearureofWindowMasur is
its use of function key . Function keys can
execute programmed routines of up to 250
characters in length. The programming
process offcrcd by the accessory program is
similar to that offered by the Fkeys menu
options in the FINDER program of Window
Mastu. You can program or delete a key,
display all keys for quick reference, and
save or load a key seL The process of
programming is simplicity at its best. You
The terminal package provided is simple select the key to use (upper- or lowercase),
though workable and handy for light com- click on the text area and enter the corremunication need,. It can operate at 300, sponding routine. then save tbe key set.
If you are a graphics artist or a game
1200 and 2400 bps; supports 5 through 8
bits; hand les mark, space, none. odd or even player. you too can have some fun using the
parity; supports half- o r full -duplex mode; Desk Accessory Pak. The graphics editor
and can communicate through the serial provides three graphics modes: a 4-color by
port or use a Deluxe RS-232 Pak. There are t\40 resolution, a 16-color by 320, and a 16three pull-down menus: a Fi le mem1 for color by 640resolution. Theeditor suppons
viewing a directory and killing fi les, a Iran • many text styles and sizes fo r inclusion
fer menu for selecting hetween sending or wi th graph ics images, graphics tools and
receiving using ASCn or Xmodem, and u editing functions, and the ability to save
of editing icons is handled in a similar
fashion to that of font editing.
If you have a need for marking a calendar though don 't require a prugr.un with all
the bells and whistles. the calendar program
should suit your needs. The calendar program prompts you to enter the month and
year 10 display. Next. the month is shown
and you 're able to mark special dates and
enter reminde,,; and nmes of up lo 120
characters per date. Created notes can be
saved by month to data files for later recall.
Options exist for changing the calendar 10 a
new month and year. redoing a month's
notes, opening a previous ly saved data file.
saving a data ftle. miaming a data fi le , and
exiting the program.
13
and load images. The fat-bits (zoom) mode
is great for creating pictures with fine detailing.
How about a game of Flip-It? You deserve a break from programming at evenings end. Flip-It is a vemon of Othello,
played on a I 0-by-IO grid, for two players
or one versus the computer. It provides for
quite a ch allenge.
Window Master is required to use the
Desk Accessory Pak. Cer.Comp LTD., 5566
R ichochet Avt'llue, I.As Vegas , NV 891 /0.
710452.(J(j32 ; $39.95.
-TunyOlive
To detennine from within a program which text screen (32-, 40or 80-column) is being used on
the CoCo 3, use peeks to Location
$E7 (decimal 231). If the value
returned from this peek is 0 (zero),
the current screen is 32 col umns
wide. A re turned val ue of I indicates th e 40-column screen is in
use. and a value of 2 means 80
col umns arc active. Use these
peeks to detemtlne the text-screen
size , then have your program
proceed accordin gly.
we have over ISOO programs ior your coco
~
RAINBOW
cormc.o....
.....
Wt:Jll"O'"ldeyo• -tlb
lH-qu9llt1
A Completely New and Easy to use
Terminal Program designed
specifically for the CoCo III.
With advanced features you would expect to find only in HiPriced MS- Dos programs. It bas a 26 Entry Phone Directory
with complete Configuration information for Communications
and Automatic Logon . It supports the Serial 1/0 port up to
2400 baud, Deluxe & Modem Pak and the Disto Serial 1/0 board
up to 9600 baud . It has a Full Screen Text Editor, X!Y Modem
and ASCH file transfer suppon, Split Screen Conference Mode,
Programmable Macro Keys, Full Disk Support including
M u llifile Copy, Kill , Rename, Arcive, Un-Arcive and Disk
Initia lize a nd it is comp letely compatible with ADOS. h allows
co mplete customization of Display Colors, Printer & Serial
Communications, Drive Step Rates and Directory Sorting
preft:rence. It requires a 128K Coco IIJ, 1 Disk drive and an 80
Column
display . Special Introductory price of $34.95
.....
i..-.a-....-.....
ftXLPLAYER
MUSICMAN
Glf'..sTUfT
...,.,_T
9
F0" .UIDDICE
diilitsCtttPQ
l"OtUTOCl..S
- ctur
PA.l:A.X
VUhllc danaln pn cirani.~ ••• (;r eal
appetJzen rcr a 11umrn- a mputer!
tu
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,, .............
16M_..f'iile.
"P3 n......_
... ;r-.u-._ _
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Gal 90....JGn,-:
n . a..ii..e11o r.--•~
G A.\ff;S Hl
C.l'J"- ..... RlllK.h!lit.""· pw--·
<ZS n c - !iotuP'i<nml
UM-ZZC-MuruGal IJ.C..,. )(o,""9-
GIJ' - 2281.."'i.._..,.
Gb - 2:l_SN'""GRIO- I .. ~ Blf'il'kma
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GAJ. · ~ -G--.,.ftr-~
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Binlmli,_Cllda,. ~ !'. Li-.,•
CRll twui~
c-... w.... J r . -
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r.ae.12
F• t-ft.CO- Alod. OIM&.~ ·
g:~ - ~=:,e::-
GM - 8'ak."1TIT.Mn 0..~,.,,_._,.
CAMI ..._.._Uf',M.itoikl.Sr....W..•
GA ll - ,._.,..J,Ttrri..Nwtir..._._ T:Mn..,•
· An ..... itaDMM
•is l'Ndy
A~~l,l
Al OA.o...11115.... G.....,W..k....,_l.ill.,_
prof:,,__ d~IL or ..,..
~ r\ill • .
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112 ·"""'-°"'""·C'
loair·°"°'"*
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Feed your Coco with
our software today?
•An oriidlll•I toft........,. lnda.dn dc>cia tweal•"•w,
dBi? No chara'r.
• Pt-noo.. C'hfrli.S • t k -*-
-nd,.......
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•Pf'Ol"'ani• 9"' fore Ccw:o I. l . or J.
M a.ilTn:
(Monday thru SatllTday, Sam to 5pm PST).
To ordet by mail, send check or money order for lhe amount of
the program plu s $4.00 for shipping and handling to :
Slnfde
T&:D Subscriptio n Stlfhvare
I:
d
I:1~
I
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(Tape or Of<illr.).- S 1.00
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T...__.-..,'"- l.J
- DBaNa2tdy•"'1
D&..N...__,,. .. ,..,
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To order by VISA, MASTERCARD or COD
Call Toll Free 1-800-383-8529
Cer-Comp
Ltd.
5566 Ricochet Avenue
Las Vegas, NV 89110
702-452-0632
Pr"ORf"1YUrKh
• ool h! (h.,- Jt !""
d q•.Sil:r .ni:r!
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Taal S
TAPE a DISK
14
THE RAINBOW
June 1992
Feature Program
Move Print@ to aNew location
H
save it to disk as CONVERT. BAS. When you
first run the program, you are prompted for
the name of program you want to convert.
The file must be a BASIC program that has
been saved on disk in ASCTI format. (To
save a BASIC program in AS CIT, use the • A
option described with the SAVE command in
your disk-drive manual.) After this, you are
purer since 1981, and I have a lot of older
programs. I wrote Convert to make an easier job of converting my software for the
CoCo 3. Convert reads a BASIC program
and changes all occurrences of PRINT@ to
LOCATE, adding appropriate screen coordinates.
Before proceeding, enter the listing and
ave you ever tried to run a CoCo I (or2)
program on the CoCo 3's Hi-Res text
screens and bad PRINT@ statements get in
your way? If so (and if you persevered in
the attempt), you know how tedious and
time-consuming it can be to convert those
PR I NT@s into appropriate LOCATE statements
for the CoCo 3. I've owned a Color Com-
!-
Yes! They're stillav,ailable!
RAINBOW
Back Issues
BACK ISSUES STILL AVAJLABLE
Have you explored 1he wealth of)nfonnation
in our past issues'.! From our vei:y fll'SI. fourpage issue to many with more than 300 pages
of material, it's all just for CoCo users - a
great way to expand your library!
United Parcel Service. There is a$~ charge
forthefirstissue,plusa$1 chargeiorcachaddiliooal issue on otders sent by U.S.Mail.
UPS will not deu'vet IO a post office box or to
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Available issues through Juno 1982 are pro.
vided on white paper in a reprint form. All
olhcn are io regular magazine foan, VJSA.
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~: CanadiaD mideuts. 7 percent GST. 111
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Due to heavy demand. we suggest you onler
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last.
To order. review and fill out die fonn below
and mail ir with your payment
For greater convcnic:ocoe. order du®gh lhe
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~~-~-~~ ............~-- --------~~- -~-~ ..........
RAINBOW INDEX
A complete index for, July 1981 through June 1984, is printed in
the July 1984 issue. Separate copies are available for $2.50 plus 50¢
handling. Indexes for subsequent years are published annually in the
July issues of THE RAINBOW.
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\
~
l
~
~
prompted for an output filename. This is th e
new name (it must be different than the
input filename) under which you want the
converted program saved. Convert uses
LI NE INPUT statement• for both prompt•, so
you can add filename extensions and drive
numbers. Finally, you are prompted for
whether you want the PRINT@ statements
converted for 40 or 80 columns.
Convert reads line-by-line through the
ASCIJ file searching for PRINT@(the target
string set up in Line 300). If it finds this
string, it searches for more occurrences
within the same line. If the target string is
not found in the c urrent line, the program
dumps the line into the output buffer.
After Convert has found all occurrences
of the target string in a specific line, the
program branches to the conversion s ubroutine. There it converts the PRINT@ number into column and row values for a 32column screen and multiplies these values
by a conversion factor. The program then
rebuilds the Une character-by-character,
replacing
PRINT@abc
with
LOCATE
xx,yy:PRINT. The conv erted program is
saved to disk in ASCIT format.
Caveats
I've tried to make Convert as crashprouf as possibk, and so far il has worked
with au the progran1s I've converted.
However, there are a few things to keep in
mind when using Co111•ert . First , U1e Color
Computer can handle only 255 characters
in a program line. If you have a line " pushing the envelope" (say, above 220 characters), you should break it into two or more
lines. The reason for this is simple: The
LOCATE statement is much looger than the
PRINT@ statement, and the converted line
may be longer than 255 characters.
The string variable that bolds the converted line as it is built is CD$ (Line 520). If
the length of the contents of this variable
goes over 255 characters, the operating
system will return an LS error (string too
long). The error-trap subroutine in Convert
informs you of the error, closes all files, and
deletes the partial destination file.
Another thing to remember is that. Convert can handle up to 11 PRINT@commands
in a given line, though a more practical limit
is eight PRI NT@s. You'll probably get an LS
error long before 11 conversions. I've run
the program and have converted up to seven
PR I NT@ statements in one line.
Finally , there is a loss of proportion
when converting locations for a 32-column
screen to an 80-column screen. Although
data is placed correctly on the screen, U1e
characters, words and screen structure
change proportions. The effect is less noticeableon the40-column screen. To regain
the proper sense of proportion, you may
need to fme tune some of the LOCATE values.
Mike Woolridge is a weather forecaster
with the National Weather Service.He may
be contacted at 1006 So/011 Court, Dunbar.
WV 25064. (304) 768-1052. Please incfode
an SASE when requesting a reply.
June 1992
THE RAINBOW
15
CoCo3Disk
The Lisling: CONVERT
'PR [ NT@ CO NVERTER
'BY MrKE WOOLR I DGE
' COPYRrGHT (C) 1992
'BY FALSO FT. INC.
5 'RA I NBOW MAGAZINE
10 CLEAR 5000
20 ON ERR GOTO 820
30 AA-40
40 DIM PS{ll)
50 DIM PE{ll>
60 DIM PN {ll)
70 DIM RP$(1ll
80 CLS
90 LI NE INPUT "FI LE TO BE CO NVE R
TED .. . ":A $
100 PRINT
110 LJNE INPUT "NAM E OF CONVERTE
0 FILE . .. " ; 81
120 PRINT
130 PRINT"CONVERT PRINT@ STATEME
NTS TO:"
140 PRINT"
l. 40 COLUM N
CREEN"
150 PRINT"
2. 80 COLUMN
CREEN"
160 INPUT A: IF AO OR A>2 THEN
LS:GOTO 130
170 IF A-1 THEN AA-40 ELSE AA-80
Product Review
The CoCo Family
Recorder
OK, you 've been aslcing for it, now
here it is. The CoCo Famity Recorder is a
unique program designed to keep track of
family members in a genealogy environment. The resultant database of information is designed to show relationships
between ancestors and relatives. The database is limited to a mnximum of 500
individuals and 200 marriages. There are
a number of files on the 5 1A-inch disk that
comes with the package:
CREATP ER - Fonnats and creates the
data file PERS FI LE which contains personal information.
CREATHAR - Fonnats and creates the
data file MARR FI LE which contains marriage information.
UPOA TPER-AUowsenteringinfonnation into the PERSFI LE as well as making
changes at a later date.
UPDA TMAR-Allowsentering infonnation into the MARRFI LE as well as making
changes at a later date.
I NO EX PC-Creates an index file called
PC I NOEX which relates children to their
respective parents.
I NOEXMAR - Creates an index file called
MI NDEX which relates husbands and wives
PRICES SLASHED ON ALL
ADOS PRODUCTS
LIMITED TIME ONLY!
EXTENDED ADOS·3 .............................. $29.95
tReou1res AOOS·3)
01s1o real-umecio::k.dr•v111 S5
Ada:11er for controllers la-......,1t1g 28 -pn FOM socket $10
ADOS-3 .......... ....................................... 524.95
EXT. ADOS-3 PLUS ADOS·3 ................ $49.95
SMARTWATCH REAL·TIME CLOCK .... $29.95
lfs.aOle m conrrollt11s ""ll'l 28-pin RO'.l socket or 1n ROM oack
!;tO lllCludes OS-9 Level II crl\fe· E-1 ADOS 3 crwer 55 ...
c1oci< $10 sapar,ou e1y
un
ADOS FOR Coco 1 and 2 ................... 514.95
.,.,·11n ~om1gw1ng i,;t•hH•s ('loll
genera1e a,, EPAOM;ible b,rary I.le 1n1orma":'" JS cro11•dCO !o•
ll<1vm9 at• EPRQM ournea oy mail ror S15
- S<><> our eill'lll!'• ad$ and r1111'4tws '"Jul~ 1f<B- o'lncl OctoD('· ·ga9
Ra1rcows (ava•l able en reoui;so !or cr0duc1 011s.c·1011on!'.
-Alt ADCS sonwarfl •S 5410 or
===----
di~k
~ ::s7'i;,~~:'
SPECTROSYSTEMS
111\l HK~nO..IO r
5u•1• AUii
180
190
200
21 0
22 0
230
WIDTH
PRINT
PRINT
PRINT
PRI NT
PRI NT
AA
" CONVERTING FILE ";Al
" TO FI LE ":8$
" FOR SCREEN SIZE OF":A
A
240
250
260
270
280
290
PRINT
PR! NT "PLEASE WAIT ... "
OPEN "!".Ill.A$
OPEN "O " .112 , 8$
LINE IN PUTill. I P$
[F EOF(!J- - 1 THEN CLOS Elll:QP
--1
300 TG$-"P RINT@"
310 PS{ll- IN ST RO.IP$. TG$ l
320 I F PS{l)-0 THEN PRINT/12 . JP$
ELSE GOTO 340
330 I F QP-- 1 THEN 590 ELS E GOTO
280
340 FOR X-2 TO 10
350 PS{X) - INSTR {PSCX - I J+ l,IP$,TG
$)
360
370
380
390
400
IF PS{X)-0 THEN GOTO 380
NEXT X
FOR Z-1 TO X· 1
FOR V-PS (Z)+5 TO PS (ZJ +10
CC$-MIOSC IP$ , V. ll
together.
LI STPER-Printsa list of all the names
in the PERSFILE in order ofrecord number.
LI STMAR -Prints a list of all the marriages in the MARRFI LE .
LISTPCI - Prints a list of all parents
and their children.
PRINTPER - Prints individual person
records as requested.
PRINTMAR - Prints individual marriage records as requested.
WORKSHT - Prints an information worksheet that can be used as an aid in g ather~
ing 1he necessary infonnation for the database.
Because of the relationships carried
within the personal files, pedigree information may be associated backwards for
any number of generations. There is no
specific limit to the number of generations the program will handle. Because of
the parent/child index, which relates p<llents to their children and the marriage
index, it is possible to relate any number
of persons together in family groups.
Expanded family groups can be shown by
combining the pedigree chart with the
family group printouts. A very helpful
booklet can be produced by displaying
pedigree charts followed by the listed
family groups.
The personal infonnation files contain
such things as a person's name, date and
410 IF CC$-"@" THEN C-V
420 IF CC S-" , " TH EN PE(Z )-V: PN CZ
)-VAL< MID$ ( JP$ . C+l , V-1 J) :C-0
430 NEXT V
440 NEXT Z
450 MM-X · l
460 GOSUB 610
470 C- 1
480 FO R vv- 1 TO LE N(J PI )
490 J F C> MM THEN GOTO 510
500 IF VV-PSCCJ THEN CO$-COs+RP$
CC) :VV-VV+PECCJ-PSCC >:C- C+l :GOTO
530
510 CC$- Ml0$( IP$. VV, 1 l
520 CO$- CO HC C$
530 NEXT VY
540 JPS-CO $
550 PRINTll2. I Pl
560 CC$-"": COi-""
570 IF QP- · l THEN GOTO 590
580 GOTO 280
590 CLS:PRINT "PROGRAM HAS BEEN
CONVERTED . "
600 END
610 ' SBR FOR NUMBER CONVERSIO N
620 FOR K-1 TO MM
630 J-P N( K)
640 IF J <0 THE N J-0
location of birth, and parents. If appropriate, it also contains the dale of death and
burial information. Pedigree infonnation
is that information which shows pa.rents,
grandparents, etc., and direct ancestry.
Family group infonnation is that information aboUI a marriage, the children of that
marriage, and the date and location of the
marriage, as well as person file numbers.
The CnCo Family Rpr,order is entirely
menu-driven and thus very easy to u se . It
requires a CoCo 3 with at least two disk
drives and a monitor capable of 80-column text. All Tandy DMP and Epson/
IBM-compatible primers are supported.
A well-written and-documented 14-page
instruction booklet is provided and needed
in order to fully understand the various
functions and capabilities of the program.
This is a long-awaited program that
will be welcomed by many in the CoCo
community. The various screens are welldesigned and the layout is simple, yet
prdL1iL1ll. The Coco Fumily Recorder is
priced fairly and does what it' s advertised
to do. If you are interested in genealogy
and use a CoCo 3, this program will be a
welcome addition to your library. (Farna
Systems, 904 2nd Ave., Robins AFB. GA
31098; $29.95 . A demo version is available for $5. which is refunded when you
purchase the regular version.)
-
Robert Gray
SUPPORT FOR
TETRIX
OSK/089!
Fallirg block puzzle for 1-3 players. 32K DECB
Featuring software from:
•IMS•
·Sub-Etha·
• Bob van der Peel •
• Public Domain OSK/OS9 •
•More Coming! •
Send long SASE for PD list
(state OSK or OS9)
8asodon c~t'i:~::."'~~r~ 321< OECB
VED/OSK • $39.95
CheckBook/OSK • $29.95
Blackhawk Enterprises
P.O. Box 10552
Enid, OK 73706-0552
405-234-2347 9am-1pm CST
PYRANIM
6~ 0 1 F J> 5IJ THEN J-51 I
660 Y-INTCJ/32 )
670 X-J / 32
680 Z-X·Y
690 Y-Y+l
700 Z-(Z*32)+1
710 IF AA <80 THEN z-z ELSE z-z•2
720 YY-CY -1) *1.5
73 0 ZZ-C Z- 1 )* l. 25
740 IF YY-(INT(YY)) <0. 5 THEN YYINTCYY) ELSE YY-I NTCYY J+l
750 I F ZZ - CI NTCZZ))< 0 .5 THEN zzINTCZZ) EL SE ZZ- JNT(ZZ)+I
760 XX $- STR$(ZZ) : XX$-RIGHT$ (XX $,
LEN (XX $ l-1)
77 0 YY$-STR$ (YY) : YY$-RIGHT$ ( YY$.
LEN(YYS ) -1)
780 RPS CK)-" LOCATE "+XXS+" . "+VY$
79 0 RP$(K )-RPS (KJ +" : PRINT"
800 NEXT K
810 RETURN
820 'ERROR TRAP SU8ROUT I NE
830 IF ERN0-14 THEN PRINT " STRlNG
TOO LONG!": PRINT "SHORTEN TH IS
LINE .. . " : PRINT CDS : CLOSEl/l:CLOSE
l/2:KILL 8$ : END
840 IF ERN0-26 THEN PRI NT "CAN N
OT FIND THAT FILE!. . . TRY AGAIN!"
: FOR K- 1 TO 1000 : NEXT K:RUN
850 CLS: PR I NT " ERROR NUMBER . . . " :
ERNO ; " I N LINE NUMBER ... " ; ERLIN:
ENO
~
Jf you find that a line in a listi ng you a rc
enteri ng is too long, the rea'ion mi glu be that
ii is packed. When you enler a BASIC program li ne. the co mpu ter w3tchcs the length
of that line: when iL reaches 240 characters.
th e computer r efLL"\CS to accept mnre.
Tf you need to get a few more characters
into the line. press ENTER to place whal
you've alread y typed into memory, then
type EDIT and the line num ber followed by
ENTER. Press X (for extend) lo move the
cursor lo the end of the line. Now you can
enter more characters. The Edi t mode has its
own length limit, though, so 1he compu1er
will take a few more characters and stop
again.
This lrick does lel you stretch your lines
(saving memory and slighlly increasing
speed). but ii often causes confusion when
someon e who doesn' t know about ii enters a
line from a program listing. Also, if you
cram too many additional characters into a
Line, you may fmll they wun'I prinLcurrecll y
even though they are actuaily present Finally, packed listings will nol save properl y
in ASCII format. Because of these problems.
we don ' t recommend using the technique in
progranL< intended for publication. Still, some
get through, and we want you to know how
to
deal with them when they do .
.-WI Ille C.CO flmnlly . _ . ,
Genealogy data system. Prirl & store all records! Roqlires
drive o & 1, BO colurro montor, t28K OEC8 - $24.95
DB'-ntAK1 Gereral Ledger. Double er1ry
small business system. 32K DECB - $24.95
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE for above· add $to
CUCKOO
._S MAGIC Grapltla Modtl-
Teach yourg ones how lo read a dock lace. 32K OECB
a joystick 32K DECB - $19.95
OMl'GA Rti Da..,,._: Up 1o 16 liolds, 255
char. Menu drivenf 32K DECB - $24.95
KID-DRAW
Colortul !ext & graphics.
Simple enough for pre-school. 32K OECB
DISK JOCKEY
Tame your disks! Feah.nls fie mana90r, long file rem es.
notepad and calculator. 12Bl512K OECB
$19.95 each, all four for $39.00!
($2 S&H. CT residents add 6% tax)
The Gibralter Software Co.
65 Bluff Avenue
Rowayton, CT 06853
Crea1e basic graphics for your programs with
FDllA S7•tem.
904 2nd Ave., Warner Robins, GA 31098-1029
912·328-7859 ·Add $1.50 S&H (GA add 5% tax)
row ad
v.,., ...,,....,,.,.
Would J1N' lllce
here?
ra,..f (ltooN ,,.,. me,
or at ,.,,, Call or
wrfr. FAllllA
aboV'~
lllafnltow appro"9dl)
16
THE RAINBOW
June 1992
Feature Program
Matchm er, Matchmaker
H
ave you ever wanted co run a computerized dating service or pen-pal club?
What about pairing up people as roommates for camp or at school? Or running a
tournament where people are matched based
on their abilities and what times they're
available to play'? Using the Color Computer. Matchmaker makes these tasks far
easier than if they were done by band .
Maichmaker is designed to pair people
based on sim ilar criteria. Before running
the program , get the people you wantto pair
to answer the questions you want to use for
matching them. When deciding how to set
up the questionaire, keep in mind Match·
maker expects numeric input -- use 4uestions that lead to a numerically scaled ranking of ability, desire, etc. (more on this in a
moment). Then run Matchmaker and use
the Enter New Data option to enter the
criteria you are using to match compatible
people. You can use a sentence, or just a
word to remind yourself. You can also
weight each criterion. For example, if two
players aren't available at the san1e time, it
d.o esn ' t much matter whether they are of the
same ability. So you would enter a relatively large weighting number for the time
criterion, and use a small weight for ability.
Once you have entered the criteria, enter
the names of the people yo u wantto pair. As
written, Matchmaker supports up to 50
people and 20cnteria. If your computer has
enough memory, you can easily change
these numbers in Line 10: Variable MN represents the max imum number of people and
The Listing: MATCHMAK
'MATCH MAKER
'BY KEVIN SPEJGHT
'COPVRJGHT (C) 1992
'FALSOFT. INC.
5 'RAINBOW MAGAZ JNE
10 MN-50:MC-20:DIMSHMN,MC) .OS<M
Cl • Q( MC): GOTOl 80
20 CLS: INPUT"HOW MANY CRITERIA ";
C:JF C<!OR C>MC THEN20 ELSE FOR
Y-lTO C:PR I NT:PR I NT .. CRirERJON Ir
Y;: U NEINPUTQS(Y): INPUT"RELATJVE
WEIGHT (ENTER-U" :Q(Y):!FQ(YJ-0
THEN Q(Y l -1
30 NEXTY
40 CLS: INPUT"N UMBER OF PEOPLE": N
: IFNl2<>INT(N/2JTHEN lNPUT"PLEAS
E LE AVE SOMEONE OUT· ·AN
EVEN
NUMBER IS NEEDED <E NTER>" : P$:GOT
040 ELSE! FN<lOR N>MN THEN40 ELSE
PRIN T:ST-1
50 FORX- ST TON : CLS : PRl NT" PERSON
ll"X: ''- - NAME: .. ;: U NE1NPUTS$(X, l):
PRINT:PRINT"ENTER DATA: " :FORY-lT
0 C:PRJNTQ$(Y);:INPUTXX:S$(X,Y+l
J- STR S( XX ) : NEXTY: PR! NT: NEXTX: GOT
0180
60 JFN>I THENCLS: PRINT .. OUTPUT TO
sCREEN OR pRI NTER? " ELSE180
70 1$-INKEYS:IFIS-"P" THEN OV- - 2
ELSE IF IS-"S" THEN DV-0 ELSE 7
0
80 CLS: PRINTllDV."PAJRJNGS:":PRIN
TllDV: A-1
90 JF LEFH(SS(A,1),1)-"*" THE N
l F A<N THEN A-A+ 1 : GOT090 ELSE 15
0 ELSE B-A+l:FL-0:PRJNTllDV,SSCA.
1) :" .. :
100 IF B>N TllCN 140 ELSE IF LE F
TS(Sl(B,1),1)-" *" THEN B-B+l:GDT
0100
110 FORY-2TO C+l : D-0:D-ABS((VAU
MC represents the maximum number of criteria. As you enter people 's names, you
must also enter a number score for each
criterion. Once you've entered the data,
Matchmaker matches the most compatible
pairs (those'' couples" having the most sinu ·
lar scores in each question) for you.
You must decide for yourself when setting up the criteria what numbering system
to use. For example, you might have all
questions ranked on a scale from I to 5. A
person with high ability rnight get a 5 and a
person with moderate ability, a 3. A Yes
response to a question might be a 5, and a
No might be a I . Matchmaker accepts numbers from I to 100; the important thing is
that you use a consistent scale for each
person on a ny given question.
Matchmaker is designed to work on any
CoCo with at least l 6K. Extended BASIC is
not required, and the program automatically knows whether you are using a tape
recorder or a disk drive (Line 300). Matchmaker allows you to save, load, add to, or
print the data. These options are fairly selfexplanatory, and their use should not present any problems.
Kevin Speight is a student who enjoys
usinghisCoCoforprogrammingandword
processing. He can be contacted at Box
266, Howe Hall, Dalhousie University,
Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4!5. Please include an SASE when requesting a reply.
SHA. Yl )*Q( Y• l) ) - ( VALCS$( B. Yl )*Q
(V-l)))+D:NEXT Y
120 IF FL-0 THE N 80-0:CO-B ELSE
IF D<BO TH EN BD-D:CO·B
130 FL-l:B-B+ l :lF B<-N THEN 100
140 PRJNTllDV,SS(CD,l) :S S(C0,1)-"
*"+SS CCO.l):A-A+l:lF A<N THEN 90
150 FORX-lTON:lF LEFTS(SS(X.1),1
) -"*" THEN SHX.ll - RlGHTSCSSCX.1
) .LEN (SS(X.1)) ·1)
160 NEXTX
170 PRJNT: INPUT"<ENTER>": PS
180 CLS:PRJNT:PRINTSTR!NGSC32.15
6): TAB( 11): "MATCHMAKER": PR! NTSTR
ING$(3 2 .14 7) ;TAB (8) :"B Y KE VIN SP
ElGHT"
190 PRJN T:PR JNT" CH OO SE: ":PRINTTA
6(10)"1) LOAD OATA " :PRINTTAB(l 0 )
.. 2) SA VE DATA":PRINTTAB(l0)"3) E
NTER NEW DATA .. :PRINTTABC10)"4) A
00 TO OATA":PRINTTA8(10 )"5) PROD
UCE PA!RINGS":PRINT IAB(10)"6) QU
IT"
200 JS-l NK EYS: l F 1$-'"'THEN200 EL
SE 1-VAU lS):IF I<l OR !>6 TH EN
200 ELSE ON l GOTO 210.240.250.2
70. 60. 280
?10 Cl.S:PRTNT"ARF YOUR SURE YOU
WAN T TO LOAD DATA (ANY DATA IN
MEMORY Wl LL BEERASED)? yES OR no
?"
22 0 1$-INKEY$: IF 1$-""THEN220 EL
SE l F lS- "Y" THEN 230 ELSE 180
23 0 GOSUB 300: 0PE N ''l'',UDN.F$:lNP
UTl/DN, VF: IFVF<>33THENCLOSEl/DN:GO
T0180 ELSEINP UTUDN,N :I NPUT#DN, C:
FORX-1 TO N: FOR Y-1 TO C+l: LINE
I NPUTl!ON . $$( X, Y): NEXT Y. X: FOR Y- JT
0 C:LINE !NPUTllDN.OSCY):JNPUTllDN
, Q(Y): NEXTY: CLOSEllDN: GOT0180
240 l FN< I THEN180 ELSEGOS UB300:0
PEN"O" . I/ON, F$: PRl NTllDN, 33: PRJ NTI/
DN,N:PRJNTllDN,C : FORX-1 TO N:FOR
Y-1 TD C+l:PRlNTltDN , SS(X,Yl:NEXT
Y.X:FDRY - lTOC:PRJNT#DN.QS(Y):PRI
NTllDN. 0 ( Y) : NEXTY: CLOSEllDN: GOTD18
0
250 CLS : PRJNT"ARE YOU SU RE YOU W
ANT TO ENTE R NEW DATA ? ( ANY OLD
OATA I N
MEMORY WILL BE LOS
T) yES OR nO ?"
260 I S-INKEYS: IF !$-""THEN 260 E
LSE IF !S-"Y" THEN 20 ELSE180
270 IFN>MN·2 OR N-0 THE N1B0 ELSE
CLS: INPUT"HOW MANY PEOPLE TO ADD
": NN :IFN N/20!NT(N N/2) THEN I NPU
l"P LlASl LlAVl SOMlONE our. AN
EVEN NUMBER NEEDED <ENTER> ": P$
:GOT02 70 ELSE I FNN<l OR NN+N>MN
THEN 270 ELSEST-N+l :N-N+NN :GOTOS
0
280 CLS:PRJNT"ARE YOU SURE YOU W
ANT TO QU I T? (DATA WI LL BE I OST
) yES OR nO?"
290 IS•INKEY$: I FI S-""THEN 290 EL
SE IF 1$-"Y" THEN ENO ELSE 180
300 CLS:!NPUT"F ! LENA ME" :FS:JFLEN
cr l J>8 HIEN 300 ELSE IF PEEK( &HC
000 )-6 B TH EN ON-1 ELSE ON--1
310 RETURN
Ne w C lear·screen continued from Page 1
portion (from $5FFFF through $7FFFF) is
used. The three I 28K portions below this in
the memory map are duplicates of the top
portion . In addition. the top 64K of the
upper l 28K portion is the default memory
area assigned to the 6809 at powerup (in
both I 28K and 5 l 2K systems). Therefore if
you turn on a l 28K CoCo 3 and enter PO KE
When programming with a
computer, it is often necessary to
convert between the decimal
numbering system and hexadecimal. And the CoCo provides an
easy way to perform these conversions. To convert a Hex value
to decimal , enter ? &H.u:.a, replacing the four X's with the Hex
digits. (The? symbol is shorthand
for PR! NT.) To convert from decimal to Hex, enter ?HEX$ (yyyy),
where yyyy is the decimal number
you want to convert.
17
June 1992
THE RAINBOW
&HO E00,23, LPEEKs to $70EOO, $50EOO,
$30EOO and $ IOEOO would all return a
val ue of 23.
GIME reg isters $FFAO through $FFA 7
tell the computer whic h of the available 8K
blocks are needed and in what order they
appear in the 6809 ' s 64K address space.
The register locations correspond to the
6809 's 64K virtual address space as shown
in Figure 2.
In each of the registers shown in Figure
2 there can be a six-bit value ($00 to $3F)
that tell s the computer to which of the sixtyfo ur 8K blocks that register should point.
For instance, to map Block $1C (physical
memory) into the virtual space from $6000
through $7FFF, you would store $ IC into
Address $FFA3. Some of the more important memory areas, along with their associated block numbers, are shown in Figure 3.
The programs in listings 2and 3 map the
Hi-Res text screen into the addressable64K
space in lines 270-280 and 240-250, respectivel y. Thecodetodothi s is as follows:
LOA
/1$36
Hi -Res Text Bl ock
STA
I FFA!
GI ME Reg .- Block 2
After this code is e xecuted . both programs
use addresses in the range $2000 through
$3FFF when "talking" to the Hi-Res screen.
As stated earlier. thi s is the range pointed to
by the GIME register at Address $FFA I.
The ANUCC instruction (lines 210 and
180, repectively) is used to tum on the
CoCo 3's interrupts - the programs use
interrupts as a timer.
Like the program in Listing I , the programs in listings 2 and 3 use two ORG instructions. However, rather than trapping
the CLS command, the latter programs hook
the WIOTH command (which traps the CLS)
located at Address SF68F in Super Extended
BASIC.
6.)fte
68xxx
fi\\._acftlnes
Runni ng the Programs
Enter each listing and assemble it 1odisk
with EDTASM. us ing /AO and wha te ver
othe r switches you want. Before loading
any of tbe assembled programs, make sure
There are many other uses for the little
tricks presented here and for the extended
RAM-addressing capabilities of the Coco
3. The Hi-Res text screen is easy to work
with, and yo u can modify other commands
you are in the proper screen mode. SN AKE
works only on the 32-column screen , while
STACKER is intended for the 80-column
screen. The program in Listing 3, FADER, is
designed to work with both the 40- and 80column screens. Enter the appropriate W1om
command before loading any of the programs listed here.
Also, do not e nter EX ECafter loading any
of the programs. The patch is a lready in
place after loading, and you need only enter
CLS to see the new routines in action. You
can enterC LS from the command line o r call
it from within a BAS IC program. If you really want to use lX EC, you can remove the
CLS traps before a..semhling the programs.
Finally, if you enter WI OTH 40 orW I OTHBO
on the 32-column screen after one of the
programs is installed, you may find the
CoCo 3 appears to lock up. In fact the
computer is faithfully executing the routine
- you just can 't see it. Similarly, if you are
on a Hi-Res screen and you change the
screen width, the new routine is executed
before the wid th is changed.
to suit special needs. With a little imagination, yo u can write some reall y interesting
and amazing programs. For more infom1ation about the Hi-Res screens and tbe CoCo
3'sGlME/MMU , refer to the CoCo 3 Service Man ual and the manual that comes with
the computer itself. Also c heck out Rick
Adams' "GTME Power" (TH E RA INBOW,
March 1989, Page 14).
1wanttothankMike Pepefor the he lphe
gave me on these progr&ms and extended
RAM addressing. Without him, this article
would not have been possible. Thanks,
Mike.
Jason Dessel is an engineering student
who has written several programs for the
CoCo (including a warehouse-inve/l/ory
and -billing program for a large distributing company)_ In his spare time, Jason
enjoys philosophical conversation, exercise and music.
JWT Enterprises
Ootimjze Utility Set 1: Optlmlzc your dtsks
by eliminating fragmented files
and oompactt.ng your directories for faster fUe access. Runnlng t1mc averages one
hour. Also Includes a utlllly to assess file fragmentaUon and directory fragmentation as well as excess directory padding. Can work In conjunction with Burke &
Burke's repack utility. Look for u pcoming review In Rainbow. $29.95; Fore!iln
Po•taae. add $3.00
The most in-depth information vehicle
for the new 68XXX machines.
Optjmjze Utiiity Set 2; Contains two programs to check the Integrily of your
disks. Detect and correct any directory or file structure errors. Run per1odtcally
and before a ny optimizations to Insure the rcl!abtllly of your data. Look for upcoming review In Rainbow. $19.911; Forelp Poat&lle, add $3,00
"68 triple X" is especially for you that are seeking a
high-level approach to your computer activities.
Optimjze Utility Set Pac; Combination of both optimize sets. Purchasers of
the Opl fmlze UttUty Set 1 can upgrade for $9. 95 with proof of purchase. $ 39.911;
J'oretp Poataee. add $4.00
Each issue has programs, utilities. language examples.
and hardware and software reviews. Writers include
Ron Anderson, Bob van der PoeL J Scott Kastem and
many others; plus thought provoking comments by
Rush Caley,
Njne-Tjmes; Each Issu e contains: 9 helpful and u sefu l programs to help b uJJd
your OS-9 library • InstrueUons, examples, and samples of Bastc09 proced ures
and subroutines to help wt th your own programs and your u nderstand ing of
Bastc09 • C programs and programming eKamples • Hints, Help columns, and
InformaUve articles to advance you r knowledge of OS-9 • Supplted totally of 5.2 5d!sk • Bound manual sent to each new subscriber for help In getting Nifle.Thres
up and running. as well as Ups on using It with a ram d.lsk or hard disk • All
graphlc/joysttck Interface for ease of use. One T ear Subacrlp d on, $ 34.911;
Caaadlan Poatage, add $ 1.00; Foreign Po.taae, add $8.00
Operating systems covered include OS-9/ 68K,
SK-DOS, REX, Minix and OS-9/ 6809. Languages
include lots of 'C', assembler, Whimsical, some
Basic09 and others. You have already missed the first
12 issues, don't miss another.. Checks and major
credit cards accepted First issue FREE - phone or
write for 13 issues..
Back Issues: Availa ble for the May 1989 through November 1991 Issues. Please
write for Information on Back Issue contents. $7.00 each; F oreign Poatage, add
$2.00 each
Ma ~azj ne Source; Due to many tnqulr1es, the source code for the magazine
graphic presentallon shell ts belng provided as an tnformattonal tool. I ncludcd ts
the actuaJ Bastc09 s ource code and compiled m odules on dis k , as well as docu mentation and a printed copy of the source code. $211.911; Forelp Poatacc, add
$ 11.00
JWIE~Ierp~i~
5?5?Loelcw&x! ~tyd, .
1 yea:r I 2 year.i
USA, $14.75 / $27.50, lst clus
CANADA, 16. 75 / 31.50, 1st clas.1
OTHERS, 17.00 I 3200, Sunace
The 68xx.x Machines
RD 1 Box 375
Wyoming DB 19934
phone 302/492-8511
. 'You ngstown,
()H.±45)2
THllllll.tl A:-.:-.1:-.l . lllll /).
~
l llljUffll:-0
(216)-758-7694
RAINBOW
CCltTlflCAtlOH
U ...L
~~.-......u.1. n...-~c......M1,.......fwm•,..-1
Sony. no C .O .D .'s or credit cards: Foreign & Canadian orders, please use U.S . m oneJ' orden.
U.S. checks, allow 6-8 weeks for receipt of first Issue/back Issue.
ea,.,...l,..._ ICI 1" 1
Oll-' '" •
U••-rt
• t '"
"" tr« -• C...-p . an•
-..nol•.
JH .
18
June 1992
THE RAINBOW
GoCo3 Disk
00590
0060 0
Editor's Note: The programs shown in liscings 1, 2 and 3 are "segmemed."
This means thac, when assembled, che programs are Jtored in various
locations in the CoCo 3's address space . Since the CoCo cannot handle
segmented programs on tape, rhe following tlu·ee programs are not
included on this month's RAJNBOW ON TAPE. They are, however, included
(along with so11rce code) on this month's RAINBOW ON DISK.
Listing l:
00 100
00 1 10
001 20
00 130
00 140
001 50
00 160
00 170
00180
00190
00200
00 2 10
00 22 0
002 30
00240
00 250
002 60
00 27 0
00 280
00 29 0
00 300
00 3 10
00 320
003 30
00 340
00 3 50
00360
00 3 70
00 380
00 390
00400
00410
00 420
00 43 0
004 40
004 50
00460
00470
---
SNAKE
*** * * ** ** *** * **** * *** •• ****
•
•
•
32 column t ext s na ke!
STY
DECB
BNE
006i0
00 62 0
0063 0
006 40
00 65 0
00660
006 70
00680
00690 LlNE
00 700
Listing 3:
By : J ason Dess e l
3/1 8 / 88
,X++
De crease 1 ine counter 1
MOV100
SY NC
CMP X
BNE
i/$ 2000+ ( 30* 1 60 )
MOVE
Go i f not end
RTS
FCB
EN D
FADER
******** *•*********** *****
00100
00 110 '* STACKFR - Cl S p•tch
00 1 20 **
By : Jason De ss el
J une 1988
00 130
00 14 0 **** *** ****** ** * **** ******
Spe cia l THAN KS t o
00 15 0
Mike Pep e
001 60
00 170 A1t· 1hlr. A: Jr. AA**** * * ***""***** A**
001 80
00100
001 10
00120
001 30
00140
00 150
00160
00170
00180
00190
00 200
00 2 10
00 220
00 230
00 240
00 250
00 2 60
00 27 0
00 280
00 29 0
00300
003 10
0032 0
0033 0
0034 0
00390
00400
004 10
004 20
004 30
00440
004 50
004 60
00 470
00480
00490
00500
00510
005W
0053 0
00 54 0
00 55 0
00 56 0
00580
00590
00600
006 10
00 62 0
001 90
ORG
RT S
PSHS
AN DCC
JSR
PULS
BRA
IF 68F
WIDTH 80 comma nd
A , B,X.Y ,U
{/$A F
101 DA
J ump t o ou r c l ear sub r.
A , B , X.Y , U
SF 6A 2
To end of CLS com mand
006 30
00 200
00 2 10
00 220
00 23 0
00 240
00250
00260
00 270
00 280
00290
00 30 0
00 3 10
00 32 0
00 33 0 LO OPl
00 340
00 35 0
0036 0
0037 0
00380
00390
00400
00410
00420
00430
00440
00450
00460
00470
00 480
00490
00500
00510
00520
00530
00540
00550 MOVE
00560
00570 MOV!00
00580
00 640
END
ORG
LO A
STA
S0 !0A
(/ $3 6
IF FAJ
Page memory [ HI - RES text s c rn ]
LO B
STB
1125
LI NE
24 1 i nes on sen . + one extra
(t o c le ar char s . )
LOB
LO A
MU I.
TFR
LEAX
LI NE
11160
Each 1 i ne is 2 bytes [8 0* 2- 160 ]
OSR
MOVE
Go to MO VE s ubr .
of th e mo re use ful add iLions as we ll as some
u f tile o lder features peo p le ha ve recently
LDB
DEC8
STB
TSTB
BN E
LOX
RSR
LI NE
Load B with II 11 nes 1 eft
Decremen t II I i nes left
Store ne w amt lines
LOOP!
1112000
MOVE
Branch to move
d iscov ered .
If you r ecei ve a hi g h vo l ume of m ail .
yo u may find yo urself unable to keep up.
An easy w ay LO k eep lrnck of importan l
m essages. bey ond USLng folder s. is lo USC
M ai l's MARK command . All m arked m es -
LOX
STX
//12000
$FE00
Top of HI-RES screen
sages ap pear in th e di rec tory li sti ng pre fi xed with an asterisk . You can also l lSe th e
** ** * ** * *** *** * * * * *** * * * ***
ORG
LBRA
$A928
$10A
ORG at " CLS" location
Bran c h t o p rg .
ORG
$!DA
Or g . our pro gram
LOB
LOY
1196
Spac e c ha ra c ter
i/S 200
Di s t anc e f rom s tar t t o end
RSTA RT
LOX
LEAY
BEO
1/$600
-1 . y
END EX
En d of screen
Dec r eme nt Y 1
DOWN
LOA
CMP X
BLO
LEA X
CMP X
BHI
• -x
Lo ad A w/ ch a r . befo re
Fir s t c ha ra cter ?
If so . r es tart
Ad d one t o sc rn loca t ion
En d of sc ree n?
I f so. End I
l/$400
RSTART
1. x
l/$5 FF
CUT
* **Ma in Lo op** *
STORE
STA
.x
CUT
ENOEX
Lisling 2:
x
St o re c har . one s pace over
LtAX
STB
BR A
LOX
DOWN
l/$5FF
Move ne xt c ha r d own on e
BRA
STORE
Rest art LOOP
LOY
STY
RTS
END
l/$4 00
188
Return to top
- 1.
•x
Move bac k one
Sto re s pa ce r i ght before
Load X wi th end of
sc rn
I E00
STACKER
0. x
12000 . x Go to next 1 i ne to be moved
LI NE
Are the r e any more 1 i nes?
If so. t·ran c h back to 1oo p
**************'*'****'*'******
ORG
PSHS
AN DCC
J SR
PUL S
BRA
ORG
LOA
STA
GETD AT LOX
!NCR
LDA
CMPA
BEQ
STA
PAU 010 LOY
PAU 020 LEAY
SEQ
BRA
ENDEX
LOX
LO Y
CLR0 20 STY
CMPX
BN F
BRA
COLOR TABLE
RGB colors!
COLORS FCB
FCB
FCB
FCB
FCB
FCB
FCB
FCB
FC B
FCB
FCB
DON E
CL RA
STA
LOA
STA
SF68F
WIDTH 80 command
A.B. X, Y.U
VSAF
$010A
Jump t o our c l ea r s ub r .
A,8,X, Y.U
$F6A2
To end of CLS c ommand
$01DA
ll S3 6
SFFAl
I/COL ORS
.X+
1/99
ENO EX
$F FB8
1/35000
· 1. y
I NCR
PAU02 0
1/ $2000
US2000
Page memory [HI - RE S te xt sc rn]
Get col or t able i n X
Get co lor . i ncrement
En d of cyc le ?
Chan ge t o cur r en t pale t t e
Set pause value
Decrement Y
Cl ear Screen s ubr .
Store c ol or & attr (2 byte s)
1/$ 2000+ ( 2* 80* 24 )
CLR 020
DONE
. X++
1
5
8
9
l5
25
28
58
26
18
99
$FFB8
(/ $39
SFF Al
Dark Blue
Dark Pu r ple
Dark Med i um Blue
Bri l liant Bl ue
Bri gh t Blue
Light Med . Blue
Ligh t Gr ey /G r een
Pal e Gr ee n
Lig ht Blue /G r een
Brill i ant Gr ee n [ defau lt]
Change t o black FG
Re t urn to no rma l
$E0 0
The c urrent folder alw ay s defaults to
MAIL if you d u no t have new m ail when
you enter Mail. lf youdohavenewmail, the
folder defaults to NEWMAIL. Notice above
that I have th= marked m essages in MAil.,:
6, 7, and 10.
lf you want to read only marked m es-
New Features
!"II d escri be some
messages.
1180
//$2000
,X
16 0 . X
Load U with
Store char. on next line
sages w hich is useful w hen yo u have
quite a lot o f m essages in o ne fo l der - yo u
can do the followi ng:
Man y ne w features have appeared over
the past seve ra l mont hs.
new SE LECT com m and t o see on l y selec ted
RTS
LOB
LOY
LOU
STU
FA DER - CLS pa tc h
By : Ja son De ss el
J une 198 8
When you type CIR. you see a di rec1ory
of th e c urren1 M ai I fo lder. T he nam e o f th e
l isted fol der i s pr i nted at th e ri g h t mar g in of
the screen o n !he tirs t l ine of th e d ireclory
listing . 111e listing shown in Figure I is a
di.rect o ry of m y M A LL fo lder.
MA IL>
selecl / marked
3 messages selected
MA IL> dir
MAIL
II
From
Date
Subject
1 BOSIB : : EMI WO
9·NOV
- 1991 ELM v2.3 PLJI can ' t reply
to me.
9- NOV
2 BOS I B:: EMTWO
·1991 My specifics
3 BOS!C : :GR EGL
l3 · JA N
-L992 Some interesting results
Now we see on ly those messages in
w hich we arc m os1 interested . The SELECT
June 1992
THE RAINBOW
command is useful for far more than just
selecting folders and marked messages,
however. Let's say you remember receiving a message from Jason Bucata, but you
don't remember when or what the subject
was. You ju t remember that the message
arrived during December 1991. You could
enter
MAIL> select lbefore= l-jan-1992 /sioce=ldec-1991 /from=jbucata
and a directory would how all messages
you received from Jason during December
199 I. You can also search by subject:
*
13 · JAN
4 BOSlC: :GREGL
- 1992 Some 1nterest1 ng resu l ts
The / SUBJECT qualifier selects all messages containing the given substring anywhere in the subject of the me sage, in any
combination of uppercase and lowercase
characters. If there are any blanks in the
string for which you want to search, you
must surround the Iring with qUOlation
marks. You can also select just those messages to which you havereplied, or those to
which you haven't replied. Yes, just as you
would expect, if you enter
HA IL> select /replied
Ii from
1 8052A: DODGECOL T
2 BOSIC: GREG
3 BOSlB : 07ESRTIMOTHY
4 BOSlA : Bl LLBEISSERT
5 BOSIB: T!11KIEHTZLE
• 6 BOS IB: EHTWO
• 7 BOSlB: EHTWO
8 BOS l C: GRESL
9 BOSl A: M!llRIGHT
* 10 BOSlC: :GREGL
Date
B·JAN - 1991
ll ·APR - 1991
6-HAY · l991
12 ·0CT- 199 1
4-NOV · l99J
9 - NOV - 1991
9 - NOV - 1991
18·NOV · l991
7-DEC · l991
13·JAN·1992
from !he local necwork node, not from
Delphi.)
To set up ho t echo. where each character you type travels all the way ro Delphi
before it i echoed bad: to you. enter
OD the SELECT command. emer HELP SE·
you will sclecl only those messages in !he
current folder to which you have rep Lied. If
you want to see those messages 10 which
you have not yctreplied and received since
January 15. 1992, you can pecify:
4 messages selected
MAIL> dir
MAIL
# Fro11
Date
Subject
8- JAN
l BOS2A: : OOOGECOL T
- 1991 RE: ar
2 BOS!C: :GREGL
11·APR
· 1991 RE: Delphi bureau delayed
* 3 BOSIB: : EHTWO
9 · NOV
·1 991 El11 v2.3 PL!! can·t reply
to me .
HAIL> select /noreplied /since=IS-jan-
1992
So. as you see, you can combine these
qualifiers to be as specific as you desire.
Once you have selected the me sages you
want to see. you can use all of the normal
Mail commands. Your election lasts until
you use the SELECT command again. or
MAIL
Subject
RE: ar
RE: Delph i bureau delayed ...
kermit (dial)
KBCOH for the HM /1
Term program rav i ngs ...
ELH v2.3 Plll can't reply to me.
11Y spec Hi cs
VTlOO E•u l at1ons
KBC011 a nd gshel 1
Some 1n te r est1ng resu l ts
Figure 1: Output or Online DIR Command
until you leave Mail. For fuU infonnatioo
MAIL> sell ub=re
19
LECT in Mail.
Editing F iles
Many people who have used a VAX
before are used to the command-line and
full-screen editing available. If you call
Delphi directly (you don't use Sprin et or
Tymnec). you can use these feature ; however. if you u ea packet-switch ing network
like Sprintnet or Tymaet, you nonnally
caooot. The reason is that characters such as
backspace. delete. and e cape sequencei.
are interpreted at the local network node,
not al Delphi . (Thi~ is <:allt:tl ""local echo"
because characters you type are echoed
OS9> /echo host
OS9> I ve
These commands change your senings
permanently 10 ho l echo. You will notice a
much s lower response to your keypresse>
with host ccho,wyou may "am to try it (ur
tum it on and off within an online session).
To tum ho t echo on for !he current login
011ly, yuu can type /ECHO HOST withom
using /SAVE. To return to local echo, enter
~~~~~~--6-~~~~~~
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All three play on 12BK CoCo3, with joystick and disk.
Bra11d New Program!
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bcwlifill 3'-0 """"'" objeclsl R•q. CoCo 3 or
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Req. CoCo 3 or /OO'fe ~ w//2/lk. did
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supponl Req. CoCo J o,. /{)()'A. comparibl~
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ADVENTURE
SURVIVORS!
This is y our newsletter! Only $3 per
year. Reviews, solutions , and more!
Call or write for details.
Software
submissions
Invi ted
Eversoft Games, Ltd
P.O. Box 3354
Arlington, WA 98223
LE. Padgett
24 Perthsh ire Dr.
Peachtree City, GA 30269
{404)
487-8461
20
June 1992
/ECHO ECHO. You can enter either command
from anywhere on Delphi that accepts slash
commands-that i s, anywhere but in Mail.
You may now be sitting there asking,
"Yeah, but what does host echo do for me?"
If you use host echo, you can use EDT in
full-screen mode. EDT? Yes, EDT is one of
the two editors you can select as youronline
editor. If you are editing a forum message,
you can type fE oIT to enter your chosen
editor. If you now type c (for Change mode),
you will enter full-screen mode where the
arrow keys move the cursor around the
screen. Wllen you are finished editing, exit
by pre.sin g "Z (CTRL-Z) and then enter
EX IT at the prompt.
Next month T'U explain EDT and Change
mode in more detail. T'll al so cover some
useful tricks you can perform with the online editors.
New Conference Features
Jason Bucata (JBUCATA) brought to my
attention new features of the / WHO command that work in Conference. The new
options are:
/ WHO
/ WHO
/ WHO
/ WHO
/ WHO
A
G
I
P
Available list only
Your group only
Idle l ist only
Nonprivate groups only
Private groups only
People are listed as idle if they are sitting
at the CONFERENCE> prompt and have not
yet entered a conference group. A private
group is a conference group that you must
be invited to join before you can enter.
Generally. any conference group w ith
" Private" in the ti tle is a private group.
These options cause f WHO to list only people
who meet the selection .
New Uploads
In the OS-9 SIG General Information
databa•e, several people contribu ted news
bulletins describing G-Windows - a window driver used in some OS-9/68000
machines. Steve A dams (STADAMS), the
author of G-Windows. relt:asec.l a c.les<.:ription of the G-Windows library functions.
Robert Kemper (BOBK.EMPER) uploaded
several useful fi l e· : a full listing ( including
descriptions) of the contents of each OS-9
database. Because of the ongoing database
rt:<.:0nstru<.:tiun, Lht:se Gies may 11ul be totally accurate. But th ese files wiU at least
help you find whal is onlioe. Erich
Sch ulman (ESCH ULMAN) contributed a list
of I 0 humorous commandments for C programmers to follow.
In 1he Appl ications (6809) database.
l:lomer Meyer (MEYEOOI) posted a C rewrite of K evin Darl ing's gpmap utility.
Robert Coulter (RDCOULTER) uploaded a
utility thaL sets the right mouse as a Hi-Res
mouse, allowing flexibility in your startup
file. Chris Serino (CSERINO) released the
tirst version of his phone handler. This
application allows phone messages 10 be
stored for many users.
In die Telecom (6809) database, Philip
Brown (THEFERRET) u ploaded Brian Marcotte's YT l 00 lerminal emulator. Alan
Sheltra (ANIMAJIK) released a demo version of the STG BBS pacbge. Mark
Steiner (MODEL299) uploaded into Device
Dri vers a Disk BASIC program that patches
your OS-9 hool (not the OS9Ron1 file) .
allowing you to modify lhe boot screen's
colors. Brian Steward (STEWARD) contr ibuted Rob Santy's patch for RRF thal
adds a new status call as well as the ability
to undelete files .
The Programmers Den found many OS9/68000 versions of popular GNU programssuch as 1 ex (Lexical Analyzer) , gawk
(GNU's awk). and bi son (a version of ya cc
TH E R A INBOW
- Yet Another Compiler Compiler). In the
68K-OS9 Database, Brian Wright (POL1ERGEtsr) uploaded a compilation of EFFO
( the European FoundationForOS-9) utilitie s. The archived files in this group are
huge, so you may want to check the index to
the.se archives, which is also located in this
database.
In the CoCo SIG General Information
database, Carl Boll (CBJ) uploaded information about the Glenside Color Computer
Club, a Chi<.:agu dub supporting our favorite computers. Joe Sannucci (SANNUCCI)
released the latest version of Roger Taylor's
The Proj ector into the CoCo 3 Graplucs
database. This program displays many different graphics formats.
In tht: U tilities & Appli<.:ations database,
Richard McNabb (RICKMAC) contributed
a utility that displays two disk directories
and allows copying files between them as
weLI as many other disk maintenance
features. Denver Page (DENPAG) also release a disk utility. Joe Sannucci (SANNUCO) uploaded SSN. BAS, which explains
how Social Security numbers are distributed; if you ' ve ever wondered, the answers
are now at hand. If you want to find where
an unfamiliar long distance number is located, you'll be interested in John Lentz's
(COCOJOHN) DIRASST. BAS program. John
also uploaded Jeff Kilsdonk's GIFTTAG. BAS,
which creates simple labels suitable for
gifts.
Danny Fye (DFYE) uploaded several
CEBBS (a CoCo BBS) games and utilities.
Joe Sannucci (SANNUCCI) released the latest
version of W ayne Laird's list of BBSs
supporting the CoCo and OS-9. This list
now includes phone numbers ofBBS's that
carry Fidonet echos.
OS9STAT: OS9 STATISTICS PACKAGE
AUTOOO C: AUTOMATIC C DOCUMENTER
HERMAN
NIMITZ
Chris Strickland
GPMAP : SHIO W GET /P UT BUFFER MAP
MEYEOO I
Homer Meyer
MENU : L2 MENUING SYSTEM
RICKULAND
Rick Ulland
GSORT: DIR. SORT FOR MU LTI VUE
WOA Y
Jim Martin
PRI NTFORM 2. 0 : PRINTOUT FORMATER
WOA Y
Jim Martin
MOUSE: JOYSTIC K TO HI - RES MOU SE
RDCOULTER
Ruben Coulter
OSCAN V3. l A - DETECT BAD SECTORS
010EN40
Eugene Ander.son
VSHE LL FOR MULTIVUE
DKINDBERG
['am:n Kindberg
DC- MESSAGE V2.0
CSERINO
Chris Serino
BWUTI L : SET FILE TIME/DATE
RPIERCE
Rohen Pierce
Msernarne is EnnJF.KUNS.
General Information
TC70 KIT INFORMATION
FHOGG
Frank Rogg
THEFERRET
Philip Brown
STG NETWORK/BBS DEMO RELEASE
ANIMAJIK
Alan Sheltra
I CON ANO AIF FOR SUPERCOMM 2. lA
ESCHULMAN
Erich Schulman
System Modules (6809)
OS9 BOOT SCREEN COLOR PATCH
MODEL299
Mark Steiner
OISTO (6551) MOD FOR DC O
TRIX
John Farrar
RBF30 . AR [PATCH FOR RBF
STEWARD
Ilrian Steward
Games & Graphics
STAR TREK 4D96 COLOR !MG PIX
DEANHOLDER
Dean Holder
BEATLES "BUTCHER COVER" 4096 !MG
DEANHOLDER
Dean Holder
WIPEOUT: DIGIT IZED SOU ND FILE
MODEL.299
Mark Steiner
SGT. PEPPER'S ALBUM COVER {!MG)
DEANHOLDER
Dean Holder
STAR TREK: RASCAN JHAGES (!MG)
DEANHOLDER
Dean Holder
ROMAN PILLARS tVF3)
DONALDLF
Lesl ie Donaldson
MARINE CORPS EMBLEM CVEFJ
BRWOOLSTRtrM Brian Woolstrum
I WAN T YOU: ELVIS SONG ( UME J
HOWARDC
Howard Rouse
NEW GOLDEN DLOIES CUMEJ
HOWARDC
Howard Rouse
A Ml XED BAG OF SCORES ( UMEJ
MJSHOO
\.like Shook
MERRY XMAS FROM ZOG'S CAVERN BBS
ANCMAHK
AJan Shcllra
GEORGE HARRISotl SOUND Fl LES
DEANHOLDER
Dean Holder
Programmers Den
FLEX: GNU VERSION OF LEX
NIMITZ
David Graham
G-WINDOWS LIBRARY OESCRJPTIDN
GAWK: GNU AWK I MPLEM EtHATION
STA DAMS
N IMITZ
Sieve Aclams
MOTOROLA FREEWARE BBS
WAl.KERG
Greg Walker
LOW -COS T RAINBOW AO INFO
DSRTFOX
foranci:?> Swygert
NEW COMPANY FORMATION
NIMITZ
David Graham
ALLFILES - DESCRIPTIONS 18/12/91
BORKEMPER
Rnb<n Kemper
THE COUPLER
JSUTEMEIER
Jim Sutemeier
LOW COST ADS FOR RAINBOW
nSRTFOX
Fr:incis Swygert
OS - 9 PROGRAMMER'S JOURNAL il3
EARTHER
Shawn Driscoll
C PROGRAMMER'S TEN COMMANDMENTS
EliCHULMAN
Eri<h Schulman
TC70.FLP: V4 FLOPPY ORlVER I NFO
FHOGG
Frank Hogg
GWINOOWS ANNOUNCEMENT FROM FHL
FHOGG
Frank Hogg
GWlNOOWS ANN. FROM DELMAR CO.
EDELMAR
Ed Grcsick
Applications (6809)
STDSHELL Vl . 00: SHELL MENU ENV.
D...,LUS IONIST
Michat:I Grnffom
DISKCOPY 2.1: DlSK COPYlNG UTIL.
DK IN DB ERG
l>Jm:11 Kirn..l~rg
UNLZH3: EXTRACT LZH ARCHlVES
COGITATR
orman Rheaume
OESKMATE3/ANY VOG +HIRES MOUSE
RJCKMAC
Richard Mc~abb
RUN DM3 APPS FROM MULTI - VUE
RJCKMAC
Richard Mc~abb
PICK6 LOTTO HELPER
ROllKEMPER
Robert Kemper
Tutorials & Educalion
CUSTOM MULTI - VU E BOOT O!SK
RICICIVIAC
Richard McNabb
OESKMATE 3 HELP f ADO LI NEFEEDS
RJCKMAC
Richard McNabb
FLOP PY DRI VE CONFJ GURA TIO NS
BOBK.EJ>,.IPER
Bob Kemper
Telecom (6809)
VTlO O: SMA LL TE RMIN AL PROGRAM
Music & Sound
Eddie Kuns is pursuing o doctorate in
physics at Rutgers University. H e lives in
Aurora. llli11ois. and works as a programmer and researcher at Fermi/ab. Eddie is
the OS9 Online database manager; his
David G raham
PARANOIA - OSK GAME
POLTERGEIST
Brian Wright
VGIF2 : GIF VIEWER FOR VGA OSK SYS
WRHAMBLEN
William Hamblen
SETTE RM 1. 21 : SET TERM ENV.
BRIANWHITE
Brian White
OSK SYSTEM UTILITIES
VAXELF
John Donald son
BOOTS : KEEP TRAC K OF it OF BOOTUPS
JOEUIEGBERG
Joel Hegberg
David Graham
XRAY Vl. 02 DISASSEMBLERS HELPER
BOBKEWER
Rubert Ke111pcr
BISON: "YACC" CLONE FROM GNU
NIMITZ
David Graham
XRAY Vl. 00 OISASSl:.MBLERS HELPl:.K
BOBKEMPER
Bob Kemper
GUIB Vl.1: BASlCD9 GU[ ROUTINES
EARTHER
Shawn Dri scoll
68K-OS9
RANO. C: RANDOM NUMBER FUNCTION
JSUTEMEIER
Jim Sutcmcicr
TTY/PTY !MPLEMENTATJON{UNJXLIKE)
THEFERRET
Philip Brown
WTYP: SET WINDOW TYPE ON MM/I
COMPER
Glen Hathaway
STICKY - MAKE OSK MODULES STICK
JOELHEGBERG
Joel Hegberg
TC70 TERMLIB ENTRY
BR Y ANC
Bryan Clingman
NEW STANDARO FONTS FOR MMI
MARKGRIFFITH Mark Griffith
TEXT FILE CONVERSION FILTERS
V AXELF
John Domddson
PEARLS: RANDOM MESSAGE PRINTER
PAGAN
Stephen Candll!!
BALLS: MULTI - COLOR BALLS
COMPER
Gkn Hathaway
RANDOM NUMBER FUNCTION FOR C
VAXELF
John Donaldson
EFFO PO DISKS !OSK)
POLTERGEIST
Brian Wright
PO EMO: PALETT E DEMO FOR MM!
COM-PER
Glen H:ithawrt)'
COLORS: COLOR OE~O FOR MMl
COM PER
Glen flathawa y
General Information
GLENSI OE COCO CLUB
CBJ
Carl Boll
Coco 3 Graphics
PINK FLOYD IN CM3
RICKMAC
Richard McNabb
STAR WARS IN CM3
RICICIVIAC
Richard McNabb
JETS IN CM3
RICICMAC
Richard McNabb
THE PRO JECTOR V2.1
SANN UCCI
Joe Sannucci
PEEK- A- BOO
SANNUCCI
Joe Sannuci.;i
OLD & NEW TREK CHARACTERS
SANNUCCI
Joe Sannucci
SOME CM3 PI CS
TINO
John Tindall
Utilities & Applications
TWO DISK OTR/FlLE UTILITY
RJCKMAC
Rich ard McNabb
DlSK FI LE UTILITIES
DEJ\-PAG
Denver Page
SSN
SANNUCCI
Joe Sannucci
DI RA SST. BAS
COCOJOHN
John Lentz
Gl FfTAG.BAS
COCOJOHN
John Lentz
BOWLING STATS VERSION 5.3
REDCOAT
Don Joyce
Hardwa re Hacking
MODEM/NULL MODEM COCO CABLES
LrNLEE
Marlin Simmon!i
• LS138 f E CLOCK FIX
Many Goodman
MARTYGOODI'>IAN
Games
SOLITAIRE-3
SAJ\"NUCCI
Joe Sannucci
RUN MllW-ROLL FROM RAM
RJCKMAC
Richard McNabb
STOCK MARKET SIMULAT lON/GAME
SAf'\NUCCJ
Joe Sannucci
COCOCLUE
SANNUCCI
Joe S:mnucci
DRAGON. ARC
CPELOSI
Charlie Pelosi
BLOX . B lN
SANNUCCJ
Joe Sannucci
Classic Graphics
MERRY CHRISTMAS FROM KCCOCO
DFYE
Danny Fye
Music & Sound
VAR. SONGS FOR THE CAS I O MT- 240
DPYE
Danny Fye
TJUKEBOX
TMB
Terry M. Blackwell
CHRISTMAS MUSI C
DFYE
Danny Fye
Product Reviews & Annou ncement
LOW-COST RAINBOW AD INFO
DSRTFOX
Frnncis: Swygen
Telecommunications
DlALER FOR DELUXE RS232 PAK
EARLCASPER
Earl Caspe1
STAR WRECK GAME FOR CEBBS
DFYE
Danny Fye
HANGMAN GAME FOR USE WITH CEBBS
DFYE
Danny Fye
SUPERCEBBS
DFYE
Dunn y Fye
COCOS9ER 1/6
SANNl/C'C:I
Joe S:mnucr- i
t;:::\
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800-695-4005 • 617-491-3393
22
June 1992
THE RAINBOW
Feature Program
Get a Bon out of Word Games
A ea1 rhe Bomb is an explosive word game
U (pun intended) for the CoCo 3. The pro-
gram draws a bomb onscreen, lights the
fuse, then challenges you to unscramble
five words before the bomb goes off.
To play, enter the listing, save it to tape
or disk, and enter RUN. When the game first
starts, a prompt is displayed and you can
choose one of three levels of play: easy,
medium or hard. Press the first letter of the
appropri ate level - Beat the Bomb draws
your nemesis and displays the first
scrambled word.
When you think you have solved the
scrambled word , type its letters in the correct order. (If you are a touch typist, you
may need to slow your typing speed a bit to
allow for the BASIC program loops.) The
letters you type appear in the upper-right
comer of the screen. If your solution is
correct, you need not press ENTER-Beat
the Bomb automatically displays the next
word. Otherwise, press ENTER to delete
the attempt and try again. Play continues in
this fashion until you correctly solve five
words or the fuse bums down.
After you ' ve played a few rounds of
B eat the Bomb , you'll find you know most
of the scrambled words by sight. You can
change the words used by entering new
words into Array z. Lines 140 through 380
store 50 words (two words per line) in ZC 1 l
through ZC50l. To reduce the "cheating"
factor, have a friend enter new words for
you.
Presented appropriately, Beat the Bomb
is an excellent educational tool. It helps
students quickly establi sh relationships
between consonants and vowels. To target
the game for a specific level, change the
words used so they all have about the same
number of leners.
If you like high-pressure situations,
you' 11 I ike the way Beal the Bomb puts you
under the gun!
150 Z$(3l-"DINOSAUR": Z$C4 l -"BUIL
DING"
160 ZS(5J-"NUMBERS":Z$(6 l -" OCTOP
US "
170 ZH7J-"EASTER":ZSC8l-"CHRIST
MAS"
180 ZS(9l-" THANKSG!V!NG":Z$Cl0J" SU MMER"
190 ZSC1IJ-"WINTER":ZSC12J-"SPRI
NG"
200 ZSC 13J-"PUMPKIN": ZS( 14l-"RAI
LROAD"
2 J0 Z$C15 J-"VIBRA TE " :Z$(!6l-" CHE
MISTRY"
220 ZS(!7l-"SCIENCE":ZS(l8l-"HIS
TO RY"
230 ZS(!9J-"ENGLISH":Z$(20l-"HOU
SE"
240 ZS(2ll-"MULTIPLY":ZS(22l-"SU
BTRACT"
250 ZS ( 23)-"0 EMANO" : ZS ( 24 l-"VEGE
TAB LE"
260 ZSC25l-"ANIMALS":Z$C26l-"MAR
ATHON"
270 ZS ( 27l -"OOCTOR" : Z$C28 l-"LIZA
RO"
280 Z$C29J-"CROCOOILE":Z$C30l-"F
I NGERS"
290 ZSC 3JJ-" PIRATE" :Z H 32J-"BREA
TH"
300 Z$C33J-"EXAMINE":ZS(34l-"HOR
SE"
310 Z$ C35J-" FLOATING " :Z$ C36l-"L E
ARN"
320 Z$C37l-"TE LEPHONE" :Z$( 38 l-"P
DRCH"
33 0 Z$ (39)- " GLOWING": Z$(40l-"TRA
I N"
340 ZS(41 )-"CRACKLE ": Z$(42 l-" GRO
AN"
350 Z$(43 l-"DREAMING":ZSC44l - " 8l
RD S"
360 Z$C45 l-"ORANGt": L$(46l- "NA PK
I N"
370 Z$C47) - "IMPORTAIH":ZS(48l-"W
RI TE "
380 ZI C49l-" JU NID R":Z $C5 0 l-"MUSC
IF"
390 l-J: FORG-J 105
400 0-RNO( 50 l
410 FORH- 1 TO 5:IF 0- Q(H l THEN 4
00 ELSE NEX TH
420 Pl(GJ-Z$(Q):0(!)-0:1-I+l:NEX
TG: FORG- 1T05: Q( IJ-0: NE XTG: I - 1
430 FORG- 1T05 :FORH-l TO LEN(PS(G
John Saya is 14 years old and enjoys
programming rite ColorCompucer. He may
bP contacted at 618 N. Townsend Street,
Syracuse. NY 13203.
440 V-RNO (LE NC PSCGl) l
450 FORT- I TO LENCPS(Gll:I F
Tl THEN 440 ELSE NEXTT
460 H-TS+MIDSCP$(G),V,Il
470 Q(ll-V:l - I+J:NEXT H:PP$ (G)-H
:H-" ": I-l:FO RU-1 TO LEN CP SCG lJ:
l - 0: NEXTU: NE XTG
480 HSCREEN 2: HCLS6:HCOLOR8
490 HCIRCLE(!55,115 ),75
500 HLINE(95,80)-(215 , 100 J.PSET,
))
v-ac
acu
CoCo3
B
The Listing: BEATBOMB
' BEAT THE BOMB
'BY JOHN A. SAYA
'COPYRIGHT ( C) 1992
'BY FALSOFT, I NC.
5 'RAJ NBOW MAGAZINE
40 HBUFFJ, J 50: HBUFF2, J50
50 POKE6 5497 ,0:CLEARJ000 :D IMZ$ (5
0 ) . ps ( 5) • pp s ( 5 l . 0( 20 l
60 ON BRK GOTO 50
70 WIOTH 32 : CLS 0 : FORN-0T0510 :P RJ N
TCHR$(166l : :NE XT N:PR I NT@0." <e> A
S Y"::PR INT@l69," <m> E 0 I U M"
;:PRINT@342,"<h> ARD";
80 PLAY"T25502ABCDFG01A8COFG "
90 A$ - INKEY$: IFA$-"" THE N90
100 IF A$-" E" THES Z X-30
110 TF A!-"M" THES zx - 20
120 TF Al-"H" THEN zx- 10
130 CLS3:PR INT@0,"PLEA SE WAIT • •.
";: PLAY" T25502ABCOFGOIABCOFG"
140 ZSCl l-" SCHOO L" :ZIC2l-"COMPUT
ER "
510 HPAINT(97 ,83) ,11 , 8
520 HPAINT(l55,115l.8,8
530 HLINE C153.0l-Cl58. 70 l.PSET. B
540 HPAINT(l54.2 l , 7 .8
550 HLINE CJ90 ,5 l-C 310,30 l,PS ET,8
: HPAIN TC 192,6 ), 11,8
560 HGET(0,0 )-(30,8) ,1
57 0 HDRAW"BMJ0, 0: CBUJ RlUI Rl Ul R2D
! RI OJ RI DJR 2Ul RlUJRI UJ R2DI Rl 01 RlD
l R5DJ LlDl LlDl L2Dl Ll DJ LlDJ L2Ul L!U
I Ll Ul L2Dl L!Dl LI DJ L2Ull IUI Ll UJ L5U
1RlU1RlU lR2U5"
580 HP AINT(l l, 2). 1. 8
590 HGETC0 , 0 )-( 30,8) .2
600 HPUT(0.0 ) - ( 30.8).I :H PUTC0 ,5 l
-(30, 13l ,l :X-0:Y-8:R-0 :8-1: F-24:
HCOLOR3 :HPRINT (!6 ,J 5l ,"B EAT " :
HP RIN TC 18,17 ) , "THE " :HPRI NT(J6 , 19
),"BO M B"
610 HCOLOR8 : HLINE(0,0l - (90.25l.P
SET .8: HPArNTC 2 , 2l . JJ , 8 :HCOLOR8: H
PRINT( l. lJ. " SOLVED : •• : HPR JN T(7 . I )
, 8 -1
620 AS-INKEYS:IF AS - "" THEN 630
ELSE GOSUB710
630 HPUT 038 . Xl - Cl68 . Yl.2
640 HCOLOR2:HPRINTC12.lll.PPSCBl
GAi N" : PLAY"TJ 501ABA8"
650 PLAY"T2550!AB"
800 HCDLORl:HPRINTCl.20l."PLAY A
660 HPUT038,Xl -C l68,Yl , l
GAIN": PLAY"Tl501ABAB"
670 R-R+J: IF R-ZX THEN R-0 : X-X+I
810 GOT0780
: Y-Y+J
820 IF TS-"Y" THEN 50 ELSE POK E6
680 IF X-33 ANO Y-41 THEN 700
5496 ,0 : CLS: END
690 GOT0620
830 HCOLOR5: HPR l NT< 25 , 5 l , "CONGRA
700 HCOLORI 1: HPRI Nl(24, 2) ,OS: FOR
TU LAT IONS": PLAY "T2501DDDD02DDDDD
N- 1T010: HCDLOR2: HPRI NT( 24 , 2 l , PS (
30DOD040DDD05DDDD " : FORN-1 !0500: N
BJ: PLAY"T20001CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC" : H
EXTN :GOT0780
CDLORJJ :HPRrNT< 24 . 2 l , PSC Bl : PLAY"
T20001CCCC CCCC CCCCCCC": NEXTN :HCO ~
LOR5 : HPR INT( 26 ,5 ). "YOU LOSE 11":
PLAY"T5005FFF04 FFFD3FFF0 2F FFO IFF
F": FORN-1T0500: NEXT N: GOT0780
~
/,'.
710 HCOLOR2 : HPRINT(F,2),AS : 0$~
_
-:::;:/,
;;:--__
+A$
720 PLAY"Tl7503COF"
/"~
730 IF AS-CHRS(l3 l THEN HCOLOR!l
: HPR! NT< 24, 2 l. 0$: HCOLOR2: 0$-'"': F
-23
740 IF 0$-PSCBl THEN FORN-1T019:
HCOLOR2: HPR!NTC24 ,2 l. PS( Bl: PLAY"
T20001AAA02AAA" : HCOLORJJ : HPRI NTC
24, 2), PS ( 8 l : PLAY"T20003AAA04AAA0
5AAA": NEXTN : 0$-"": HPRI NTC 12 .11 l,
PP$ CB l: 8-8+1: F-23: GOT0770
750 IF 8>5 THEN GOT0770
760 F-F+J: RETURN
770 HCOLORJJ :HPRINT(J ,Jl, "SOLVED
: .. : HPRJ NTC7, J l ,B -2: HCOLOR8: HPR JN
TO. J l , "SOLVED:" : HPRl NTC7, l J ,8 - 1
:IF 8>5 THEN 830 ELSE 750
780 TS-TNKEYS: TFTS- ""THEN790 ELS
E820
790 HCOLOR6 : HPRINT(l,20 ), "PLAY A
iv
I
/j
Received and
Certified
Forrh program sold by BDS Software. To
keep costs low, the three-page instruction
manual is provided on floppy disk. It can be
viewed and output to your printer using the
reader program, which is also irn..: luded on
the disk. BDS Software . P.O . Box 485,
Glenview, IL 60025.0485; $5.75.
The following products have recently
been received by Tiil'. RAINROW . examined
by 011r staff and issued the Rair1bow Seal of
Cercifica1ion, your assurance thar we have
seen 1he product and have ascertained chat
it is what ii purports to be.
lcon-Basicfl9, a graphic user interface for
BASIC09 under OS-9 Level ll. lcon-Basic09
allows the programmer to point and click
on icons to enter keywords and statements
into BASICO<J programs, making programs
easier to write and understand. It is also
useful for examining programs written by
others. Users can list existing programs,
and icons will replace the corresponding
keywords. Requires a CoCo 3 with at least
256K, OS-9 Level TI , and a mouse or
j oystick. HA WK Soft, P.O. Box7112 , Elgin .
IL 60121-7112. 708-742-3084 ; $20.
The Bible in CF83 Forth Blocks. tbe entire King James Version of the Bible in
CF83 Forth blocks on 27 floppy disks. The
text is continuous throughout the blocks,
without paragraphing or other organization. and is thu s suitable for those who wan t
to experiment with developing their own
concordance programs. Unlessauserplans
ro write hi s own access programs, use of
this prouu~t re4uires CF83 Forlh and the
CF83 Forth block editor. BDS Software,
P.O. Box 485. Glen view, IL 60025 -0485 ;
$67.50.
CF83-6: System Extension Words Set,
Use of this program requires the CF83
C F83 Patcher, this program patches the
CF83 Forth disk to add an improvement to
the Forget word. Requires the CF83 Forth
programdisk.BDSSoftware, P.0.Box485 ,
Glenview, IL 60025 -0485 .
CoCo Cassette #115, a variety of programs
presented monthly for the CoCo 1, 2 and 3.
This issue contain s: Flies, a graphics game
in which you must exterminate pesky tlies;
Speech Hints, software for the Speech/
Sound Cartridge; Mo1111tai11 Wars , a twoplayer graphics game; Super Copy and Kill,
a disk-utility program; Dam , a highly addictive block-dropping game; Maze , another two-player graphics game; Disk Ui1-er·tory, a menu program; Backup , a machine-language program that formats and
copies 35-or40-track disks; Roman Checkers, an Othello clone for the CoCo: and
Gnome Quest 2. a CoCo 3 disk-only graphics adventure game. T & D Software. 2490
Miles Standish Drive. Holland, Ml 49424.
616-399-9468; $8.
Wln!low Wrlttr· A point & dick Word Processor,
powerful formatting capability, works wl... th any printer.
On screen Italic. bold etc. wvsrwvG ............... $59.95
"Window Writer i. • powerful word processor
that Is fun to uu, very uur frl•ndly..___ The
En11Jomment comparn '1111orably to that of
llkro.otr Window• • - RAINBOW o.c. 19/UI
WJns!ow Wdt1r!W- for non W/M owners ............$79.95
W!odgw Bg!c Compl!tr-almllar to CBASIC-.$99.00
Window Ed!/A•rn-A full f1181Ured Assemblll< ...$49.95
FgntJ!egn EdHqra. Basic & M.L. versions ........ $1U5
Amnm f!roan!mnwra GuldR- ................_... $24.95
Thi Memory game- Concentralion game .......$19.95
Pnk Accu19a P•k-7 resident programs .....$39.95
If you want to writs fast machine language programs
but you don't want to spend the next few years !Jying
to write them In Assembly Language , then CBASIC is
the answ11<lll
CBAS IC Is Ille only fuly Integrated Basic Compiler and
program edlling ayatem available for the Color
Computer. It will allow you to lllke ful advanmge of an
the capabllldes available In your color comput11<
without having IO spend yeim trying to learn assembly
language programming. CBASIC alla.vs you to
creat&, edit and convert programs from a language
you are already familiar with EXlBOded Disk Color
Basic, into fast efficient machine language programs
easily and quickly.
"Tb• most compl•I• Editor/Compiler I h•ll•
...n for th• Coco.- "-Th• RAINBOW March
19811
CBASIC is a powerful tool for the Beginner as well
as the Advanced Baslc or M.L. programmer. C8ASIC
fewres well over 150 compiled Basic Commands and
Functions thal fully support Disk Sequential and Direct
access flies. Tape, Pl1nt11< and Screen VO. CBASIC
supports ALL the High and Low Resolution Graphics,
Sound, Play and String Operations available in
Enhanced Color Basic, lnduding Graphics HIGET, HI
PUT, PLAY and HIDRAW, all with 99% synlaX
mmpadblllty.
Specify Coco 1, 2 or 3 Diak $149.00
: 1;1·:11111111~1,11~:.1·:,111·;.· : 11~1:1:.1 !:
AUTOPILOT and AUTO-LOG Processors
X· MODEM DIRECT DISK FILE TRANSFER
VT·100 & VT-52 TERMINAL EMULATION
• No Jost data even al 2400 Baud on !he Serial VO port.
• 8 Selectable Display Formats, 32/40/64180 columns
• ASCII & BINARY disk nle llllllsler via XMODEM.
• Dlrecdy record receive data (Data Logging).
• VT·1 00 emulaUon for VAX, UNIX and other systems.
• VT· 100/52 rursor keys, position, PF & All Kbd. keys.
• Programmable Word Length, Parity , Stop Bits
• Complete Full and Half Duplex operation,
• Send f\Jll 128 charactll< set from Keyboard .
• Com pie ts Editor, Insert, Delete, Change or Add .
• 9 Variable length, Programmable Macro Key buff11<s.
• Programmable PrinterraJes from 11 0 to 9600 Baud.
• Send Files from the Buf111<, Macro Key Buffers or Disk.
• Display on Screen or Print the conlents of the Buff11<.
• Freeze Display & Review Information On Dne .
• Buil1 In Command Menu (Help) Display.
Suppor1S: Modem-Pak & Deiuxa Pak or Serial Port.
Specify Coco 1, 2, 3 Ol•k $49.95
EDTIASM Ill ls a Disk based co-resident Text Editor &
Assembler. It is designed to take advantage of the
new fearures of the COCO 3. It has 8 0.spiay formats from 3214()(64/80 columns. The disll also contains a free standing ML Debuo Monitor.
EDTIASM Ill has the most powerlul, easy to use Text
Editor available In and Editor/Assembler package for
1he Color Computer.
• local and Global siring search and'or replace.
• Full Screen line editing.
• Load and Save standard ASCII formatted flies.
• Block Moc& & Copy, lns11<~ Delete, Overtype.
• Create and Edit files larger than memory.
The Assembler features lndude:
• Conditional IVfheniElse assembly.
• Disk Library files up to 9 levels deep.
• Supports standard Motorola directives.
Allows multiple values In FCBIFDB directives.
· Allows assembly from Buffer, Disk or both.
Specify Coco 1, 2 or 3 Disk $59.95
A Completely New and Easy to
use Terminal Program designed
speclflcal/y for the Coco Ill.
The Ultimate User Friendly Point & Click operating
System for your Coco 3. Simple enough even for
children to use, just point and click to run programs,
select files, do disk or file maintenance or almost any
task you currendy do
by typing commands .
You also gel things
t)fR;.W
like a print spooler,
Programmable
Function Keys, a
Buffered Keyboard ,
Ramdlsk, Serial 110 port and Deluxe Pak support along
with Windows, Icons, Buttons, Pull Down Menus, Edit
Fields and Mouse functions all in one program. It has
multiple fonts in 54 possible sizes and styles,
Enhanced Basic Editing and much much more. It add
over 50 commands and Functions to Basic to fully
support the Point & Click Sysiem without 059.
"_/t offers 10 many features th•t It Is probably
unde1pr/c.d. I recommand this sotrwara to all
CoCo3 ownars. • -Th• R•lnbow F•bu111ry 1989
It is completely compatible with existing Basic
programs and lakes absolutely no memory away from
basic. It requires 1 Disk Drive.
e
R.S. tWes interlace & Joystick
or Mouse.
lncl~s 128 & 512K
Version• On ly $69.95
~\•
;¢1=t11;1ra.111;1,1111i1~11!11::
The SOURCE wil allow you to easily and quickly
Disassemble machine language programs directly
from disk and generate beautif\JI, Assembler Source
Code. And• The Source' has all the fearures and
functions you are looking for in a Disassembler
• Auiomatic Label generation .
• Allows specifying FCB, FCC and FOB areas.
• Disassembles programs directly from Disk.
• Automatically locates addresses.
• Ouiput listing to the Printer, Screen or both.
·Generates Assembler source diracdy to disk.
•Built in Hex/ASCII dump/display.
• 8 Selectable Display formats 32/40/60/80.
• Built in Disk Directory and Km file commands.
•Menu display with single key commands .
•Written In Ultra last madllne language.
Specify Coco 1, 2 or 3 Disk $49.95
With advanced features you would expec1 to find only
in a H~ Prioed MS-Dos program. It has a 26 En!Jy
Phone DireclDly with complete Configuration
Information for Communlcalions and Automalic logon.
Supports the Serial 110 Port up to 2400 baud, Deluxe &
Modem Pak and the Dlsto Serial l/O board up to 9600
baud. It has a Full Screen Text Editor, XIV Modem File
transfer support, Split Screen Conference Mode,
Macro Keys. Full Disk Suppon lnduding Multifile Copy,
Kiii, Rename, Arcll.Jn-Arc and Disk Initialize and it is
Completely Compatible with ADOS.
Requires 128K, Disk & 80 Col. Display $44.95
l i !·:i :=:i. .!: :1111::l1l{:f::J:il11~:i.li~l:·; 'i! ~i 'll
Disk Commands
File Commands
B•ckup, lnlll•Jlz;,
Arel••, Copy, Kiii,
D/,.clory, V•rlly,
R•n•tn11, Er•••, Vl•w,
Complll"•, S••rch, Ed/1,
ErH•, S1»•d
~ St•p
~ Gran Tfi>I•
R1t1
r..
r..
AnaJy•I• .t Repair
Edi~ Prln~ Compv•,
Sa1v1g•, S.•rch, Verity,
T••I Arc/vi, Un-Arc/v•,
Xmodem S.nd/Rec.
The Diak Utlllty Program that you
always dream•d of la now a Reality.
Coco Tools Is a comprehensive disk utility Program
providing the most complete set of functions available
for the standard R.S. OOS disk system. Comparable
in scope and functionality to that of the famous utility
avaHable for MS-DOS compulers ' PC·TOOLS*I
Com Tools Is also the most Comprehensive Osll
Repair program available, it Automatical1y diagnosis
and repairs file &!location errors, locates corrupt
directory information and cross linked files. It provides
last and easy reco'Yef)' of delered files without the
drudgery normally associated with kiHed file recovery.
R•qulres 1281<, Diak & 80 col. display $49.95
Savings
Up To 35%
EDT/ASM 111 ........ ...................... $49.95
Window Master ...........................$49.95
Window Master & Window Wrtter ..... $79.95
Deluxe Terrninal.. ........................ $34.95
VISA, MASTERCARD or COD
C;1ll T oll F 1ee 1-800- 383-85 29
(Monday thru Saturday, eam ID Spm PST).
To order by mall, send check or money order for the
amount of the program plus $4.00 for shipping to:
Cer-Comp Ltd.
5566 Ricochet A venue
Las Vegas, NV 89110
702-452-0632
THE RAINBOW
June 1992
24
Quickie Program
Bar Graph Printer
B
ar Graph is a simple 16K Extended
program to accept values in the 0-10 range,
codes and the lines
change 1000 in lines30and 120to 10. Also
BASIC program that is designed to in which they appear
Line
Code
Function
change Line 180 to T-N*lO. To alter the
print bar graphs using a Radio Shack dot- are shown in Figure
CHRS ( 27); CHRS ( 14)
100
start elongation
program for a 0-100 range, change 1000 in
matrix printer. You can select the types of 1. The program does
CHRS ( 27); CHRS ( 15)
110
end elongation
data to be entered (the categories) and the not alter the printer
lines 30 and 120 to 10 0. Then change Line
CHR$( 27); CHRS ( 20)
condensed print (17 cpi)
110
data values. The printed result allows you baud location (POKE
180 to T-N.
to compare values in related categories and 150 ,x) and prints at
Figure 1: Bar Graph Printer Codes
whatever rate for
is great for tracking personal budgets.
When run, Bar Graph asks you for the which the computer
Charles Kiedaisch is a retired tool-andtitle of the graph. The program then prints is set. (The default power-up rate is 600 manuals. The graphics characters used are
CHRS(239) inLine200,andCHRS(233) and die designer and builder. He still does some
the title. After this, you are asked to enter a baud.)
design at home, and he uses his CoCo 3 to
category (rent, groceries, year, etc.) and the
The printed bars are generated using the CHRS ( 234) in Line 220.
value for that category. As written, the pro- STRINGS function and block-graphics charAs stated before, Bar Graph accepts create master drawings. One ofhi> hobbies
gram accepts values from 0 to 1000. Enter acters illustrated in the Radio Shack printer data entries from 0 to 1000. To modify the is writing programs for the CoCo.
an E to end the
program .
Bar
MONTHLY BUDGET-OCTOBER 1988
Graph prints each
category and its
RANGE=0 TO 10e0
value as it is en~ •... :, ... I. ... : .... 2•••• :, ... 3.... : •••• 4.... : , ••• 5•••• : , .. •t .... : .... 7.... : .... E... , :, ••• 9•• •• :, ...
tered, so you can
print as many difINCOME-WAGES
ferent categories as
FOOD EXP8'15E
you want in one
RENT EX?E.•~SE
printout.
CAR PA'l/':ENT EXPENSE
The
control
HISURANCE EXPENSC:
codes in th e pro1. ... : .... :: .... : . . .. J .... : .... 4.... : ••••
6•••• : .... 1•.•• : ....
9.••• :, ... 0
gram are designed
to work with most
Sample Printout
Kadio Shack dotrnatrix printe!1'. The
z
e.... :, ...
s.... :....
e.... :....
I 16K Extended
The Listing: BARGRAPH
"BAR GRAPHER
'BY CHARLES A. KIEDAISCH
"COPYRIGHT (C) 1992
'FALSOFT. INC.
5 'RAINBOW
10 CLS:PRINT'' IN THIS PROGRAM YOU
WIL L BE
ASKED TO: "
20 PRINT:PRI NT" ENTER A CATEGORY(
I.E.FOO O.RENT. ETC.)"
30 PRINT:PR INT"ENTER AMOUNT<BETW
EEN 0 AND 1000 )"
40 PRINT"TO END ENTER <E>"
50 PRI NT
60 INPUT"PRESS <ENTER> TO START"
: S$
70 IF S$-CHR $ (!3) THEN 110
80 CLS: LI NE!NPUT"NAME/OATE OF GR
APH " ;O S
90 PRINT@236 ," PRINT!NG"
100 PRINTl/·2,TABC20 ):CH R$C27l:CH
RS(!4) : 0$
110 PR1NTl/-2,CHRS (27);CHRS(l5 );C
HRSC2 7) ;CHRS( 20)
120 PRINTl/-2, TAB( 35) :"RANGE-0 TO
1000
130 PRINTl/ -2. TAB( 30 ) ;"0 . .. . : ....
1 .... : .... 2 ... . : . ., . 3 .... : .... 4 .
... : .... 5 ...• : .... 6 .... : • . .• 7 .. .
. : .... 8 . ... ; .. .. 9 .... : . . .. 0"
140 CLS:PRINT"INPUT <E> TO END":
PRINT
150 LINE! NPUT" INPUT CATEGORY ";C
s
160
170
180
190
200
210
IF C$-''E"THEN 240
INPUT" INPUT AMOUNT ": N
T-N/10
L-T-1
CLS:XS-C HR S(239)
PR I NT@236. "PR! NT I NG"
220 PRINTl/-2.CS:TA8(30);CHR$(234
l :STRI NGHL.XS ) ;C HRI C233)
230 GOTO 140
240 PR!N T@236 . "PRINTING"
250 PRINTll-2.TA6(30) :"0 ... . : .. . .
1. ... : .... 2 .... : .... 3 .. . . : .... 4.
... : .... 5 .. . . : .... 6 .... : .... 7.
. : .. .. 8 .... : ... . 9 . ... : . ... 0"
260 PRlNT@234, "PROGRAM ENOED "
270 ENO
Feature Program
·:·=~~ Ex~an~er Give~ tile Full CoCo JPicture
switch between upper- and lowercase from within a BASIC program.
To switch to lowercase c haracters,
use POKE 282. o. (Remember, the
CoCo 1 and 2, and the CoCo 3 32col umn screen show lowercase as
inverted characters.) To tell the
computer to return to uppercase,
use POKE 282 . 2. These pokes are
real handy for working with the
CoCo 3 's Hi-Res text screens.
W
hen adding Super Extended BASIC to
the CoCo 3, M icroware chose not to
provide support for the fu ll physical capabilities oftbe hardware. For example, wllile
the CoCo 3 and CM-8 are capable of reso lving 225 lines vertically. the built-in software can address only the firs t 192 lines.
Expander is a short machine-language program that adds support for the extra lines on
the CoCo 3 's Hi-Res graphics screens, allowing you to draw bigger images and
display more text on the HSCREENs.
Bits 5 and 6 of the video-resolution
register ($FF99) in the GIME chip deter mine the vertical resolution of HSCREENs I
through 4. 1f both bi ts are clear (zero, or
Low). th e number of usab le lines is 192.
(This is the default setting.) However, if
both bits are set (one. or High), the CoCo 3
resolves 225 lines vertically. To display
CoCo3
Editor's Note : The following listing generates a segmented machine-language program when it is assembled. Since the rape software in the CoCo's
ROM cannot handle segmented programs, Expander does not appear on this
month's RAINBOWONTAPE. The program is, however, available on this month's
RAINBOW ON DISK.
The Listing: EXPANDER
00100
00110
00120
00130
00140
00150
00160
00170
** ********************************
* HIRES GRAPHI CS SC REEN EXPANDER
*
*
*
HSCREEN 3 & 4
640 BY 225
*
HSCREEN 1 & 2 *
320 BY 225 *
* **************** ****** ***********
START
ORG
LOA
S010A
j/$34
MMU BLOCK //$34 IS NOW USED FOR
THE RAINBOW
25
June 1992
200 lines. Bit 5 should be set and Bit 6
cleared.
J:.~ypander sets Hits 5 and 6 of $!'1'99 and
modifies BASIC 10 suppon the larger vertical resolution. Since the new screen is 5280
bytes larger, I had to relocate the memory
reserved for BASlC 's HGET/HPUT buffer spaoe
from Memory Block $34 to Block $37. The
00180
00190
00200
00210
00220
00230
00240
00250
00260
00270
00280
00290
00300
00310
00320
00330
00340
00350 *
00360
00370
00380
00390
00400
00410
00420
00430
00440
00450
00460
00470
00480
00490
00500 MOD ES
00510
00520 MDATA
00530
00540
00550
00560
00570
latter is an 8K block of memmy not ordinarily used by BASIC.
111e program is written in two sections.
The first (lines I tiO through 340 in the
assembly-language listing) loads into
memory staningatAddress$01 DA. This is
where the cassette l/O buffer usually re-
STA
LOA
STA
STA
STA
LDD
STD
LOA
STA
DECA
STA
STA
STA
LOA
STA
LOX
JMP
SE0EE
l/$37
$E0D4
$E3A3
$E50B
l/$ACA0
SE6E7
11225
$E7BA
ORG
PSHS
LBRN
LEAX
LEAY
LOA
SUBA
LOA
STA
LOY
LOA
LOA
STA
JMP
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB
fCB
ENO
$£040
NEW MODE SW ITCH ROUT! NE
Y .X.A
$0000
MDATA ,PC R
MODES. PCR
SE6
$E7BE
$EB75
$F526
1/27
$EF8F
llH0El
$E0Fl
EXTENDED HSCRE£N MEMORY
MMU BLOCK lt$37 I S NOW USED AS
BAS ICS HBUFF GET/PUT STORAGE
MEMORY
NEW HCLS END ADDRESS
ALLOW BASIC TO DRAW ON EXTENEO
PART OF SCREEN
ALLOW HPR IN T UP TO LINE 27
HLI NE (0.0)-(319,224) ,PSET .B
draws a box around the screen, and
HPR! NT( O. 27 l. "Message"
Ill
prints the word Message on Line 27 .
A, y
2,X
/l$FFB0
$FE0B
A.Y
3+MDATA, PCR
$£082
$757 E
$7470
$4C80
$0000
$0000
$C000
0
START
Ron Dahlke is a certified auto technician who has worked in the auto-repair
business since 1985. He purchased his Color
Compurer in 1986 to keep shop records and
has been programming since that time. He
can be contacted at W7585 Novak Lane,
Waterloo, WI 53594, (414) 26 1-6989.
Please include an SASE when requesting a
reply .
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c;Send check or money order to:
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604-522-6922
Contributions to
·1·1w. KA!NUO'h
arc wel-
come from everyont:. We like lOrun a variety
of progmm.s Lh<ll a.re userul. helpfu l and fun
fo r other CoCo owners.
WHAT TO WRITE: We are interested
in what you want to tell our readers. We
accept fo r consideration anything that is wcl lwritten and has a practical application for the
Tandy Color Computer. If it interests you, it
wi11 probably interest lot-; of others. However,
we vastly prefer articles with accQmponying
programs 1hat can be entered and run. The
more unique the idea, the more the appeal. We
have a continuing need for shon ankles with
short lisrings. These are especially appealing
to our many beginners.
FORMAT: Program submissions must
be on tape or disk. and it is best to make
SC\'eral sa"es. at least one of them in ASCII
fonnar. We' re sorry, but we do no1have1ime
to key in programs and debug our typing
errors. All programs should be supported by
some editorial commentary ex.plaining how
lht:. program works. We also prefer that editorial copy be included in ASCII foTTTiat on !he
tape or disk. using any of the word processors
currently available for the Color Computer.
Also, please include a double-spaced printouc
of your edicorial material and program listing.
Do not send text in all capital leuen;: use
upper- and lowercase.
CO MPENSATION: We do pay for submissions, based on a nwnber of criteria. Those
wishing remuneration should so state when
makfog submiss ions.
For the bencfilofthose wanting more detailed infonnation on making s ubmi ssions.
ple<U)C send a self-addressed. stamped envelope (SASE) to: Submission G uidelines. lHE
RAINBOW, TheFalsoft Building, P.O.
Box385,
Prospect. KY 40059. We will send you comprehensive guide lines.
Please do not submil material currently
submitted to another publication.
I
vl.01
5 minutes 4C secs.
Submitting Material
To Rainbow
•
AWESOME BOOTFILE EDITOR!
EzGen vl.09
sides. lf you are using a cassette-based
system, you 'II need 10 change the address in
the first ORG statement to an unused area of
memory before assembling the program.
The second half of Expander overlays a
routine in Super Extended BASIC that is
used to switch to the graphics modes. For
this reason it must be loaded iato memory
staning al Address $E04D. This pan of
Expander also changes the border color to
match the background color in all HSC RE EN
modes.
Once you have assembled Expander,
put tbe larger graphics screens into e ffect
by enteri ng LOADM " EXP AN DER": EXEC .
After the program loads and executes, the
OK prompt returns and you can immediately take advantage of the new screen size.
All graphics commands work as they did
prior to the modification - you do not have
to alter existing RASIC programs. Just remember the new limits. For example,
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See never-before seen programs , graphics , and more! You and your COCO deserve It!
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If this sounds good to you, I invite you to investigate now. Dtve in and get ready to ha ve FUN!!
Send $6.oo· (check, eash or money order) now. You 'll receive the COCO FRIENDS DISK
MAGAZINE STARTUP KIT. Browse this shell and give us your input with I/le built-in ENTRY
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'
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COMPUTER
RICK ENTERPRISE
SEND CASH, CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO:
~~;~~';72.~
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83
LIBERTY.KY.42539
26
THE RAINBOW
June 1992
Coco Consultations continued from Page 4
fact that f had a mouse rm COM I and was
trying to do serial communiations via the
null-modem cable on COM 3. I just g01
around to testing this theory by unplugging
th e mouse and using the null-modem cable
on COM I . It now works fJeifectly .
Ted Jaeger (TEDJAEGER)
Fulton, M ontana
A
Great! Now tTy pulling the mouse on
either COM 2 or COM 4 while using
either COM 1 or COM 3 for serial communications with the tenninal program. I suspect you will find things will work fine .
Connecting Rpson Pri nters
,A I recentlyacquiredanEpsonlX-800
~ printer rhat f want to use with my
Color Computer 2. How do I connect the
primer to the computer?
Robert Russel
Sorremo , Florida
DIN going to pins 3, 7 and 20, respectively,
of the DB-25 connector).
I' m not specifically familiar with the
LX-800 printer. Some Epson printers have,
in addition to a 36-pin Centronix parallel
connector, a 6-pin DIN serial connector. lf
your printer has such a serial pon, yo u may
be able to use the printer with your CoCo
after making up a proper cable. You' ll have
to check the manual to get the pinout for
that pon in order to make a cable to connect
it 10 the CoCo. (You ' ll also need to check
the manual for the correct DIP switch settings for the printer to use the serial pon.)
Connect Pin 4 of the CoCo DIN to the "data
in to printer" pin on the Epson. Connect Pin
3 of the CoCo DIN to the Ground pin on the
Epson serial connector. Final ly, connect
Pin 2 of the CoCo DIN to the "busy handshake line" of tbe Epson. Note that the
CoCo requires that the Busy signal be Low
when the printer is busy.
Modem Won' t Talk Back
A /reantly got a new 2400-bps Hayes-
A
All Epson printers I have seen come
with a parallel interface. You will
need to use a serial/parallel convener to
connect the CoCo 2' s serial pon 10 the parallel pon on the Epson. Epson makes serial/
parallel conveners that plug inside many of
its primers. With such a unit installed, you'd
just need a Coco printer cable (4-pin DIN
to DB -25 with pins 4, 3 and 2 of the CoCo
~ rnmpatible modem , and it displays
an add idiosyncrasy when hooked ro my
Ta11dy RS-232 Pak. I ca111e/I it to dial. and
ir does ; and ir connecrs properly and works
fine once co1111ectcd. However. while it is i11
its command state, l cannot see anything
011screen the modem is sendi11g to my
complller. That is, if I type AT .I do not see
OK. If I type ATOT ii## · ####. the modem
Product Review
of the world and famous landforms. A tutorial is provided for bru shing up on longitude and latitude ski ll s.
How much docs your chi ld know about
U.S. presidents? Presidents is designed to
test knowledge of presidents in two ways.
In the first app roach . the program asks up 10
three general questions regarding a specific
president. The second approach involves
questions of a which-president-came-first
Rick's Treasure Chest:
Unbelievable Offer #3
Rick's Computer Enterprise has done it
again by bundling a wide vaiiety of quality
progmms at an extremely low price. Shrewd
investment opportunities are always welcome in these hard economic Limes. and it 's
even better when they are of immediate
benefit to your chi ldren. Thi s pac kage is a
goo<l leaming tool for demenlary or junior
high school students.
Unbelievable Offer #3 includes several
educational programs. Cirmath helps chi.1dren with simple addition
problems. 1l1e student's
score is based not only on
correct answers but on reac tion time. Another
program , .11.ymicro, disw
plays a microscope with
its different pans labeled
for review. After the student has memorized the
parts, he takes a short quiz
to test memory skills.
Spelling is an elevcnword spelling mtor. The
mtor flashes a word onscreen (at one of four
speed setting s) and
prompts the user to rel ype the word. Instructions are given for changing the words. Both
Mymirro and Spelling
display the percentage of
nature.
After a hard day at school , what better
way is there 10 unwind than to play some
games. Unbelievable Offer #3 includes nine
games tbal should appeal lo <:hildren of all
ages. Tictac is a math version of tictactoe.
This game requires players to correctl y
answe r a two·digit addition or subtraction
tures drills for latitude, longilL1de, major
cities of the world. the continents, countries
A
Your problem is that lhe 655 1 ACIA
chip in the RS -232 Pak will not receive any data unless it has a valid signal on
its carrier-detect line. There are generally
two possible solutions to this problem .
One solution is to make a cable that is
like your current cable, except that it does
not route Pin 8 of the modem to Pin 8 of the
RS -232 Pak. Keep Pin 8 of the modem
going to Pin 6 or the RS-23 2 Pak for the
benefit of your BBS program. but also shon
Pin 8 and Pin 20 of the RS-232 Pak together. Thi s wil l force Pin 8 of the RS- 232
Pak high whenever Pin 20 of the RS-232
Pak is hi gh. Since all terminal programs
make Pin 20 (DTR) of the RS-232 Pak high
when they are activated, you should now be
able to see responses sent by the modem on
your screen, even when the modem is in
command state.
Alternatively. if yo u areusingastTaight
coast state way over o n the west coast.)
P ;xdide is a picture-s lide puzzle that loads
a NIB-fom1at picture and scrambles it into
15 pieces-you 'vego110 unscramble 14of
them. When (and ii) yo u manage to do so,
the computer places the final piece in the
puzzle. Num slide is a number-sl ide puzzle
problem before placing an X or 0 on the
ga me board. Also included are a version of
Ht111gma11 and a Simnn-rype simulation
called Stones, which rests memorization
skill s. (Yes , T know these :ire ed uc"tiona l
programs, but they're games. too!)
l remember being given a slide puzzle of
the United States to keep me amused on
Jong car trips. (My brother would craftily
mix the tiles , sometimes leaving an east-
through cable, send the command AT&CO&W
10 tbe modem. This first activates the &CO
opt ion , where th e mnrlem makes it.s carrier-
detcct line high regardless of whether it has
detected a carrier or not. The &W command
writes this to the non-volatile RAM in the
modem, so that it defaults at power on to
that state of carrier detect forced high all the
time. To return the modem to normal fun ction with respect to its carrier-detect pin,
type AT &Cl &W. This is assuming, of course,
your modem suppons both the &C and &W
commands that are pan of the Hayes Smanmodem 2400 command set.
I recommend tbe hardware fix, for it is
compatible with tbc special modification
you have made for your buUetin board,
whereas the software fi x re moves the ability to use hardware to determine whether
the carrier is or is not active. But for those
using the modem with terminal programs
(those not running BBS programs on their
CoCo), the software fi x is by far the quickest, s implest and most effective approach .
Marrin H . Goodman, M.D ., a p hysician
1rained in anesthesiology. is a longtime
electronics 1i11kerer and outspoken com memarar - sari nf the Howard Cose/I of
1he CoCo world. On Delphi. Marry is the
S /Gop of THE RAJNBOW's CoCo S IG. 1-lis
non-computer passions include running.
mountaineering and owdoor photography.
Marty lives in San Pablo. California.
rect pal ette data is lost. Pa/sa ver saves the
correct palene data, a ll owing yo u to use the
graphics - with correct colors - with
other programs.
in w hich you must rearrange 3 I tiles in
ascending order.
Perhaps the toughest game of the bunch
is Wheels. The goal is to spin seven connecting wheels, aligni11g the colors inside
each whee.I with matching colors on adjacent wheels.
Gi ve Can necr a try if you like word-association games. You are shown a word
underneath which are the first letters of six
other wonts. the gual is to ligure out thnix
other words by word association. Also in the
word-game genre is Dis cover, a Scrabble-ty pe
game. The twi st is that
Many people who have a CoCo I or 2
also have a collection of PMODE graphics
images. If you've upgraded to a CoCo 3,
you can use Transpix to quickly and easily
transfer PMODE images for display on
you must uncover words
HSCR EEN2.
already hidden on the
game board . Your tum
Most everyone who shops at a grocery
store knows the imponance of having a list
of items to buy. Shopper is a data base that
takes the grocery selection process one step
further. Not onl y does it allow for printing
lasts until you've uncovw
correcL answers.
I remember learning the states and capitals in geography class. (ls geography still
taught in ou r elementary schools?) To help
students learn geography, U11/Jelievahle
Of!Pr lt.l incldues some tine programs that
cover thi s topic: US Drill and Locale. US
Drill tests the student ' s ability 10 identi fy
and locate states and capitals. Locare fea-
dials the spec~fied number , tmd once co nnecred the modem works fi11e . Bur I see
neith er ATDT ###-####nor any comzecr
messages. Note thut f have set th e modem to
AT El (turning on the echo), but to no avail.
/use a srraight-through cable between the
modem and iheRS-232 Pakforpins2 .3, 4 .
5, 7,8and20. a/tlwugh l also route Pin 8 of
rhe mndem co Pin fJ of the RS-232 Pak ta
enable my BBS rn properly detec1 carrier.
Lavern Schoonover (LVSCHOONOVER)
Idaho Falls. Idaho
cred a word or hit a blank
spot on the board. You
receive points for fi.nding
words - the player with
the highest score wins.
The last game included
with Unbe lievable Offer
lt3 is called Takesnme and
is played agai nst the computer. A random number
of apples is placed on the
comparisons for up to four different stores.
Shopper works best when used with an
RGB monitor.
Though system requirements are n' t
listed in the manual that comes with Unbelievable Offer It] , an advenisemem in T liE
RAINBOW did stale that a Coco 3 and an
RGB monitor are required. However. I
screen. You can remove
found using a monochrome monitororT. V .
up to three apples per turn.
1l1e player left with the
last apple loses.
Disk 2 of Rick· s Treasure Chesr contains three utilities and one home-help
prot,'Tam. Co/prim is a color-printdri verfor
users of the Star NX- 1000 color primer.
to be adequate wi th most o f the programs.
This bundle of 20 so ft ware programs is
quite a steal. Considering the time and
effort required lo create these programs,
and the price of S20 (one do llar per program) you' re gctring a lot of bang for yo ur
buck. Frugal shoppers shou ld seriously
consider buying thi s package. It really is an
unbelievable offer. (Rick"s Compurer Enrerprise. P.O. Box 276, Liberty. KY 42539.
Wf>-7!17-57!13; $2().)
This machlae-lang uage program automati-
call y selects the palettes for printiag color
pictures. Pa/saver is designed for use w ith
VU111aster. a popular public-domain graphics viewer. o rmally. if the Reset button is
pressed while runn ing VUmaster. the cor-
grocery lists, it stores infonnation for price
- J amie Hensen
June 1992
THE RAI NBOW
Telecommunications
27
Serial vs. Parallel Communication
Let's stan by differemiating betw.,en
serial and parallel communication (Figure
1). In a parallel system all bits of a word (or
character or byte) are transmitted at one
time, each bit on a separate wire or circuit.
An additional wire is requ ired to carry a
clock signal, necessary to keep the tra11smitter and receiver in synchronization with
chines. The key is that all the serial ports use a"ailable on the technical nitty-gritty of each other. In a serial system the re is on ly
the Electronics Industries Association (EJA) communications hardware and interfaces. on~ win: for bit transmi ssion 1 where each
RS-232-C standard hardware interface.
Data and Computer Communications. by bit in the word is sent one after the other.
Serial interface hardware usual ly does Willi am Stallings, is a good overview of
Assume that we have an eight-bit byte.
not come with software to contro l it. ~-----------------------~ A parallel system, then,
Funhermore , RS-232-C (or EIAPiralel Transrrisslon
requires at least nine
232-D,asitisnowknown)specifies
wires for the clock and
only the electrical intetface and is
data; only one bit time,
therefore independent of the conhowever, is required to
troUing software. This standard
transmit the entire byte.
hardware intetface allows any apConversely, a serial systern requires only a single
propriate software to work together.
In my case the Tandy 1000 serial
transmit circuit and eight
pon is controlled using either the
-i-- - - --1- O
bit times to transmit a
Telecom software that is part of
byte.
DeskMate or the Crosstalk XVT com(As an aside, the term
munications packag.,. The Model
O
(Jyte usually means a char100 is contr0Ued by its built-in TeleCLOCK
acter but does not always
refertoaneight-bitquancom program; the Apple, by software I wrote. The point is, J have
tity. The standard te rm
never had an y problem exchanging
octet is used to unambi~ 1°f~
guously refer to an eightfiles using these different pieces of
bit entity. Jn this article I
software.
1O1 OOO 1 O .--- -.-== =,.,
use byte as a synonym for
Introducing Data
octet.)
Communications
Figure l shows the
To really understand what is
American Standard Code
meant by serial asynchronous comFigure l : Parallel vs. Serial Transmission of ASCU
for Information lnterC haracter E (01000101 With Even Parity)
change (ASCII) represcnmunications, it is necessary to present some basic data communicatation of the c haracter E
tions terms and concepts. Trecom- ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' a• 0 10001 0 1 (Hex 45).
mend two books for aoy reader who wants data-communications topics and presents Note that the leftmost bit is called the Most
to really delve into this topic. Tech11ical an introduction to computer networking a
Significant Bit (MSB) and the rightmost bit
Aspec1s of Data Communication, by John well. (For more information on these and is the Least Signifi cant Bit (LSB) . Most
E. McNamara, is one of the best books other references, see the end of this article.) serial systems transmit the LSB first.
Serial Asynchronous Communication
T
his article describes concepts and applications for serial asynchronous commun icatio n. Most of the definitions and
communications topics discussed here are
generic and apply to any computer system,
large or small. Introduced are basic data
communications concepts and EIA-232-D
(RS-232-C) issues.
Applications for Serial Communication
Perhaps it would be best to Stan by describing why anyone would want a communications interface. Comn1unications interfaces allow data transfer between a computer and such external devices as another
computer, a modem, a printer, a terminal,
home security equipment, laboratory apparatus or robotics devices.
Many types of communications interfaces are avai lable for computers: s"rial or
parallel, synchronous or asynchronous, full duple x or half-duplex . These terms will be
defined later; let it suffice for now that
serial asynchronous intetfaces are the least
expensive and simplest available.
My personal application was to build a
small, simple network for fi.Je transfers
between several small computers in my
office. 111e computers I needed to connect
were an Apple II+. a TRS-80 Model 100
portable computer and a Tandy I000. Serial
imcrfac" boards [ purchaseu for the Tandy
1000 and the Apple, plus tbe built-in serial
pon on tbe Model 100, let me easily exc hange text files between any pair of ma-
~lt@IF
l
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This Coco compatible NX· 1020 system sets new standards in color
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high speed dralt font: but lhe enhancements don't stop there, Add a
t6k butter, a special quiet mode. top feed . botlom and rear tractor. and
the list goes on. Seven on-demand color.;, B color graphic modes,
·Epson and IBM emulation for maximum software compatibility.
Virtually everythi ng desired in a printer is here - speed, color and
versatility at an affordable price with a 2 year warranty.
Our Plug'n'Go for the Coco system includes:
• NX-1020 Multi Font Color Printer
•Blue Streak Ultima
• Software Support Disk
• Color Graphics Utilities , s10 sn~'"' , r"'""""
s239s5
1kil1~NX-1001
This Coco compatible NX-1001 system is fully featured with 4 NLO
plus a draf1 font, to character sizes from subscript to quadruple size,
4k butter, 1BO cps, friction and tractor feed , and much much more.
Backed by a 2 Year warranty. Epson and IBM emulation modes for
maximum software compatibility. A performer so versatile you may
never exhaust ~·s creative possibilities!
s1 sass
Our Plug'n'Go for the Coco system includes:
• NX-1001 Multi Font Printer
•Blue Streak Ultima
•Software Support Disk
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An interface cable that converts the serial output of a Coco 1. 2 or 3
to astandard parallel format. com patible with modem parallel printers.
Connecting the Ultima is as easy as plugging in the cable! The fo ur pin
din plugs into the seria l 1/0 port of your Coco and the other end. a 36
pin con nector, connects to the parallel port
of the printer.
The Ultima is powered with the +5V supplied
by most printers on pin t 8. If your printer
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28
June 1992
THE RA INBOW
Types of Transmission Channels
The baud indicates how many signals
Finally we must distinguish among the per second are sent down the wire; baud
Frani"g Byles\
different types of transmission channels. means signals per second. The bit rate
Channels can be simplex, half-duplex, or refers to how many bits are sent down the
- - - - . Ifm IMessage Block ITRLR I
wire per unit time and is typically denoted
full-duplex .
A simplex link is one where information bits per second (bps). The bit rate may be
flow can be in only one direction. Ao ex- different from t11e baud, depending upon
ample is the link between a stereo and its how many bits are sent with each signal;
SyrdYonous Transrrission
speakers, or the transmission from a TV or only if one bit of data is sent with each
radio station. Simplex links are not of signal are the baud and bit rate the same.
An example helps clarify these concommon interest for data communications.
Fnvri1g Bits
Most useful data-communications ap- cepts. If a signal lasts for 0.00333333 secplications require channels in which data onds (or3 .3333 milliseconds), the device is
can flow is both directions. In the ha/f-du- operating at 300 baud (one signal per
"$" 'If "O" "R" "T"
ple.-r environment, information can flow in 0.003333 seconds equals 300 signals/secboth directions but in only one direction at ond). If each signal carries a single bit, the
a time. An example is the communication hit rate is 300 bps; if each signal carries four
Asyncrrnnous Transmission
between two people; the ai rcarries words in bits, the bit rate is 1200 bps.
both directions, but rules of reasonable conThe difference between bit rate and baud
versation dictate that both people don 't is very important. lt can be easily shown
Figure 2: Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Transmis.~ion
speak at the same time. The operation of CB that transmission over ordinary telephone
and most other lines cannot exceed 6000 baud or so.
Parallel communication interfaces are
two-way radios is However, the bit rate can be on the order of
common in internal computer buses, suc h
another example 30,000 bits per second. These numbers are
Draction of Transrri;sion
as those between the processor and a disk
of half-duplex based on Nyquist's and Shannon 's theodrive or between the chips on the mothercommunication. rems, well beyond the scope of this article;
ide
1
0
1
D
0
D
1
0
board. Computer buses are typically relaIt should be clear interested readers are referred again to
tively short (less than a hundred feet or so),
that some rules McNamara or Stallings.
operate at high speed (several megabytes
are necessary to
Parity is an error-detection mechanism.
/ l-DATA-11 f
per second), and are vendor-specific. That
indicate which In an even-parity system, all characters
SfART
SlDP
is, if a third party wants to develop a device
end of the link must have an even number of one bits
rnerv~
to plug into the Color Computer cartridge
should transmit turned ON; in an odd parity system, an odd
Parity
port, for example, the device must conform
nex t in these sys- number of one bits must be ON. Consider
tems.
to a hardware specification written by Tandy
the seven-bit ASCIJ charnctersA (1000001 )
A full -duplex and E (1000101). When parity is used ,
for the Coco.
Figure 3: Asynchronous Character Format (ASCD E)
Mostcomputerowners are fami liar with
channe l is one in these seven-bit characters are transmitted
which informa- as eight-bit entities where the MSB , or
one commonly used parallel interface: the
Centronix iorerface. The Centronix bus is tcd together as a block, one byte immedi- tion can flow in both directions simul- leftmost bit, is the parity bit.
usually used for computer-to-printer appli - ately after the othe r. The data message taneously. Computer-to-computer commuIn an even-parity syste m , A, with an
cations and has a limited distance; it is not block is preceded by a header (HDR) and nication is typically full-duplex . Full-du- even number of one bits a lready ON. has
designed for general computer-co-computer followed by a trailer (TRLR); these are the plex is frequently referred to simply as the parity bit turned OFF; thus it is sent as
communication.
framin g characters. In synchronous-com- duplex.
01000001. The E, on the other hand, has an
Communications between computers munication protocols, framing characters
This article is oriented toward serial, odd number of one bits, so its parity bit is
may be over long distances (upwards of can include such information as a message full-duplex, asynchronous communication. ON to make the number of one bits even;
thousands of miles), operate at relatively sequence number, message type, ac- 1hls type of communication is very general thusEissentas 11000101.Inanodd-parity
low speeds (usually limited to 19,200 bits knowledgement of a previous message, and and relatively simple, not requiring a com- system, characters A and E are represented
per second over the dial-up telephone net- error detection information. Usually the plex protocol.
as 11000001 and 01000101 respectively
work), are typically serial, and usually use number of framing characters is very low
(see Figure 3).
Asynchronous Transmission
a vendor-independent interface. The goal is compared to the amount of data. For exTwo other types of parity systems can
for machines built by different vendors to ample, the Digital Equipment Corporation
Figure 3 shows the format of an asyn- also be used. In a MARK-parity scheme,
communicate easily with each other.
DECnet protocol allows messages of up to chronous character. During periods of no the parity bit is always set to 1. In a SPACEIt is beyond the scope of this article to 16,383 octets in length; the additional fram- transmission, power is applied to the line to parity scheme, the parity bit is always zero.
explain all the reasons computer-to-com- ing information is only JO characters in keep it in the ON state. Since a line that is
puter communication is usually serial. length.
cut will have no power on it, a bad line and T he EIA-232-D (RS-232-C) Interface
Consider, however, that parallel communiAsynchronous communication systems an idle one are easily differentiated.
The RS-232 standard is the most comcation requires many more wires than does (Figure 2) transmit every characmonly used interface in the United
serial. The number of wires usually equals ter (or word) in a message indiStates for serial, asynchronous
the word size; how, then, should machines vidually, without regard to when
communication between termiwith unequal word size communicate? What previous characters were transnals, computers, and modems opXMT+---+!IXMT
happens when 1 upgrade my eight-bit mitted. Each character has at least
erating at speeds below 20,000
fl::V
fl::V
computer to a 16- or 32-bit computer? two framing bits. A START bit
bps. (The International Telegraph
Indeed, cost is a major reason serial com- precedes a character, letting the
and Telephone Consultative
DTE-DCE
Connection
Committee (CCITI) Recommenmunication is preferred.
receiver know that data bits are
dation Y.24, essentially identical
Consider also that a large amount of about to come in. Then the bits
computer-to-computer communication uses comprising a single character are
to EIA-232-D, is commonly used
the telephone network. On the order of one received. The transmission is teroutside North America.) The EIA
billion miles of wire is already in place in minated with a STOP period.
first released Recommended
this country 's telephone network; a single
Asynchronous communicaStandard 232 (RS-232) in 1961.
wire easily supports serial communication tion is typically used between a
In 1969 RS-232-C was made
but cannot support parallel.
terminal and a computer. This is
available. RS-232-C remained
DTE- DTE Co nnection
Finally, parallel communication systems because users of terminals tend
virtua lly unchanged until 1988,
require c locks and repeaters to ensure that to be relatively slow compared to
when ElA-232-D was adopted.
Figure
4:
DTE-DCE
vs.
DTE-DTE
Connections
all bits in a word stay in synchronization the computer. The human user is
Since EIA-232-D is basically the
with each other. This adds to the cost of part of the error detection and
same as RS-232-C, this article
correction cycle. Typographical
those systems.
treats them as if they were the
McNamara ' s and Stallings ' books pro- errors, when seen, can be easily corrected
When a character is sent, the receiver same (except where noted). The EIA was
vide more motivation on the serial/parallel wi th the Backspace key. Erroneous mes- detects a transition from the ON (or MARK) renamed the Telecommunications Industry
issue; we will continue our discussion with sages are typically indicated with a Syntax state to the OFF (or SPACE) state. This Association (TIA) in 1989.
serial communications only.
Error message and corrected when the user OFF state la•ts for a si ngle bit time and is
EIA-232-D can be used in either the
retypes the message correctl y.
called the START bit. The appropriate synchronous- or asynchronous-transmisSynchronous vs. Asynchronous
Computer-to-computer communication, number of data bits are then received, where sion environment. The standa rd defines the
Serial communication can be ei ther synon the other hand, is usually at high speed• the LSB is usually received first. The data electrical characteristics of the interface
chronous or asynchronous. These terms re- and tends to be synchronous. A communi- bits are followed by a STOP interval, dur- and the circuits that must be present to
fer co the timing relationship of characters cations protocol must be used for error ing which time the li ne is held in the idle effect communications. Pin numberings are
in a message wi th respect to each other.
detection and correction. since a user can- (ON) stale for 1. 1.5, or 2 bit times. The use provided for the typical D-shaped, 25-pin
Serial transmission must have framing not monitor the high-speed communication of the STOP interval is based on printing connector (DB-25) most often associated
information immediately before and after and cenainly could not make necessary terminals, which require a reset period with RS-232-C. Although RS-232-C did
the actual data bits to be rransmitted. Fram- corrections.
between each character received.
not specify that the DB-25 connector be
ing information
is used by the
transmitter to let
the
receiver
know that something important is
about Lo happen
- namely. that
user data is coming down the line.
Framing information at the end
of transmission
indicates that the
data block is
completed.
In synchronous
communication
(Figure 2), all
bytes in a message are transmit-
f
f71H1H\\
I I
I I I I I
w
w
June 1992
THE RAINBOW
used, the E!A-232-D version does. (This
means you can purchase an " RS-232-C"
device that uses a connector other than the
DB -25.)
It is often said that RS-232-C/EIA-232D limits devices to a maximum separation
of SO feet; this is in fact not the case. One
e lectrical characteristic defined in the standard is the maximum allowable capacitance, which is limited to 2500 picoFarads
(pF). Since normal cable has a capacitance
of 50 pF/foot, a Limitation is usually quoted.
Significantly lunger separatiun.s are possible using Low-capacitance (or low-cap)
cable.
A detailed description oftlte EIA-232-D
standard, circuits, and their operation is
also beyond the scope of this article. but
Kessler and McNamarade;cribe it iu uetail.
A copy of the standard may also be obtained
from theEIA (orTIA)at200l Eye St.NW,
Washington, D.C. 20006. Finally, the book
RS-232 Made Easy. by Martin Seyer, is full
of excellent information for either the professional or hobbyist wanting to interconnect RS-232devices or gain a betterunderstanding of the standard.
E IA-232 Cabling
Many people build their own EIA-232
cables because they are expensive to buy
but easy, cheap and fun to build. Two male
(or fem ale) solderless connectors and a 25lead ribbon cable cost about $15 and yield
a fine 25-foot E lA-232 cable. These items
are available from most Radio Shack or
electronics supply stores. A caveat, however, must be provided regarding this practice.
Most people who build their own cables
connect all 25 leads of the ribbon cable to
the connectors. However, some of the pins
are unassigned by the RS -232-C and El.A232-D spec ifications, and most of the other
leads are unused fo r most common applications; in fact lOorfewerofthe pins are used
for most applications. For this reason some
manufacturers put test points at these
" unused" pin positions. Using a cable with
the transmit (XMT) lead and receives from
the DCE on the receive (RCV) lead. Jn
other words, DCE devices receive data on
the XMT line an cl transmit on the RCV line.
However. DTE devices transmit on the
XMT lin e
anti ret.:eiv~
on the RCV
DTE A
DTE B
line .
Protective Ground
If two
devices set
2 ~ 2 Transmit Data (XMT)
up as DTEs
3 ~ 3 Recieve Data (RCV)
(t:.g., two
PC s)
a re
4
4 Request lo Send (ATS)
connec ted ,
5 Clear to Send (CTS)
5
the
two
6 Data Set Ready (DSR)
6
XMT circuits
are
7
connected 10
8
8 Rev. Line Signal Del
each other,
20 Data Term/ Rdy. (DTR)
20
as are the two
RCV cir22
~------ 22 Ring Indication (RI)
cuits. Obviously these
Figure 5: RS-232- C Null Modem
two devices
cannot comall 25 conductors connected could allow municate. The null-modem cable crisstoo much voltage to enter a device if you do crosses the XMT and RCV wires so that the
not know exactly how a "foreign" device is transmit pin at one end is connected to the
internally wired. The way around tbi s is to receive pin on the other end and vice versa.
pull out the pins of all unused leads from at This is a common application; if two comleast one of the connectors (and preferably puters are in the same room, do you want lo
connect them using two modems and two
from both).
Another cabling issue regards a null- phone Lines or using a single shon cable?
Additional leads must also be crossed by
modem cable (Figure 4). EIA-232 recognizes two types of dev ices , Dara Terminal the null-modem cable to allow the devices
Equipme11t (DTE) and Data Communica - to communicate. A null-modem box allowtions (or Circuit-terminating) Equipment ing the direct interconnection of two DTEs
(DCE). ElA-232 expects that a DTE be can easi ly be built with the wiring diagram
connected to a DCE; e.g .. a terminal or PC shown in Figure 5. Note that only 10 leads
(DTE) connected to a modem (DCE). lf a are shown in the diagram . This is a speciDTE and DCE are connected with a normal fied El A-2:12 suhset providing suppot1 fnr
EIA-232 cable, the communication wo rks asynchronous, leased-Line - dedicated fine since the DTE transmits to the DCEon applications.
29
A way around using a null-modem cable
ex ists in some applications. Some EIA-232
products allow the user to configure the
device as either DTE or DCE. lf one devict:
is configured as a DTE and the other as a
DCE, a null-modem cable is not needed.
Bt:fure builuiug ur buying a null modem,
check the specifications of the de vices you
are trying to connect.
S ummary
A great many topics have been declared
" beyunu tbe scupt: of tbis artide." Parallel
comm unications, synchronous communications protocols. EIA-232-Ddetai ls,other
interface stru1dard s besidesE!A-232, information theory, error-detection techniques,
and computer networks are among the many
topic& tJ1a1 cru1 be greatly expanded upon. It
is to be hoped this introduction encourages
the reader to pursue more in the data communications area.
References
Kessler, G.C., "Unraveling RS-232,"
(LAN, August 1988)
Mcl'\amara, J .E., Technical Aspects of
Data Commu11icario11, Third Edition
(Maynard, Mass. : Digital Press, L988)
Stallings. W ., DataandComputerCommu11icatio11s, Second Edition (New York:
Macmillan, 1988)
Seyer, M.D.. RS-232 Made Ea>y (Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hali, 1984)
Gt11)1 Kessler is a data communications
and computer networking consultant. He
may be comacted at 5 Creek G len, Colchester, VT 05446-3641. (802) 879-3375; or
via ele c tronic mail to K UMQ UA
[email protected].
40 NEW GRAPHIC DISKS!
Our three graphic sets (10 disks each set)
were so popular, we've added 4 more!
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS FOR THE
TANDY (RADIO SHACK)
COLOR COMPUTER 2 & 3
32K DISK OR CASSETTE
-
~
°"3:kllsm
A BIBLE ADVENTURE!
An exciting, non-graphic 32K adventure based on the Bible.
BIBLE SCRIPTURES
Quizzes on important Bible Scriptures.
ALSO, other quizzes on the Bible, PLUS programs on
Vocabulary, Word Usage, Spelling , and Math.
Instructional, Informative, Neat, Colorful,
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Bible Programs $12.00 - Instructional Programs $10.00
Both sets for $19.00
Complete Instructions and Information Included!
To Order, send check or money order to:
~
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fr~'
531 Main Street
RAINBOW
CE Rl lFICATIQN
Dunkirk, New York 14048
SEAL
For Information, Call (716) 366-5261
Educational Fun for the Entire Family!
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Mail To: ~ ~· Name _ _ _ _ _ _ __
~
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Address ___________
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Credit Card# - - - - - - - Expiration
Total~--Please Circle Graphic Disk Sets I 2 3 4 5 6 7
30
THE RAINBOW
June 1992
Purchase Orders continued from Page 1
gram provides the dollars-and-cents fonnat
fo r you. After you complete the entries for
your order, you can enter appropriate shipping charges. You also have the option of
adding sales tax if necessary. (I'll show you
how to moctify the rate shortly.) The final
prompt on this screen provides you with the
opportunity to include a note. I find this
useful for mentioning THE RAINBOW ad to
which I am responding and for specifying
details about my system to ensure receiving
the right product.
Once you've ftnished wiLl1 the main dataentry screen. the program automatically
takes you to the method-of-payment screen.
CoCoPO supports three methods of payment : check, VISA or MasterCard. Simply
press the first letter of the appropriate
method. (For other methods, see the section
covering Personalizing below.) At this point,
CoCoPO gives you the option of saving the
data to disk and returns you to the Main
mer.u.
From CoCoPO's Main menu you can
display the information to make sure it is
correct, or you can print the information by
choosing the hardcopy option . (CoCoPO is
set up for a Raclio Shack printer, though
with very minimal modifications, the program should work wi th any printer.) The
clisplay screen contains all the pertinent
information about your order. In the upperJeft comer of the screen you will see a single
Jener corresponding to the chosen method
ofpayment(C for check, M for MasterCard
and V for VISA). This is to get arou nd the
24-line limitat »n of the screen without
having to add anotber screen into the pro-
gram. It also serves as a reminder about
which method of payment you selected for
your order.
P ersona lizing CoCoPO
Variable Lin Line 900 affects the salestax rate. I used .07 (7 percent) since that
represents the sta.te sales tax here in New
York. If your state tax is different, substi·
tute the appropriate value in that line.
As stated before, CoCoPO supports three
methods of paymenl. The subroutine between lines 2640 and 2720 allows the user
to enter a single letter corresponding to the
method of payment. Lines 1980 through
2020 contain the conditional statements
that affect the hardcopy. Lines 2740 through
2840 are the lines you must modify in order
to gee the proper output. If you use MasterCard and/or VISA , replace the X's with
your card numbers and expiration dates. 1f
you do not use credit cards, simply delete
the lines containing this infommtion.
The other areas of CoCoPO that need to
be personalized are lines 2060 through 2120.
Edit these lines to present your address and
phone number.
I enjoyed writing CoCoPO . If you have
any comments, suggestions or problems,
please feel free to contact me. Happy CoCo
computing!
Roger F. Krueger is a self-taught BASIC
programmer ·who started using the Color
Computer in 1981 . He may be contacted at
224 Main Street. Dansville, NY 14437.
Please include an SASE when requesting a
reply.
CoCo 3 Disk
The List ing: COCOPO
1 ·coco PO
2 'BY ROGER F. KRUEGER
3 ' COPYRIGHT (C) 1992
4 'BY FALSOFT. INC.
5 ' RA irrnow MAGAZINE
6 'WIT H THANKS TO WI LLlAM BOSTON
7 ' FOR HIS PROGRAM IN
B ' THE RAINBOW · AUG 82 , PG 19.
20 'TH IS PROGRAM IS FOR THE
21 'COCO 3 USING AN RGB MONITOR.
40
BY ROGER F. KRUEGER
60 ' 14 BA NK SfREET
80 ' DANSVILLE. NY 14437
85 . (716) 335-5611
100 'MA Y 11, 1987
120 'F I LENAME: COCOPO
140 WIOTH80
160 PALETTE RGB:PALETTE l.0:CLS
2:ATTR 5.1
180 CLEAR 2000
200 GOSUB 3040
220 CLS
240 LOCATE 0,0:PR[NTSTRING$(80 , "
%")
260 LOCATE 0, l :PRUIT" %%
%% "
280 LOCATE 0, 2: PR I NT" %%
+ + + Purchase Order
+ + +
%%"
300 LOCATE 0. 3:PRINT"%%
%%"
320 LOCATE 0,4:PRINTSTRING$ (80 ."
%")
34 0 LOCATE 15.8:PR1NT " l. Enter D
at a
2. Load Data "
360 LOCATE !5,10:PRINT"3. Hardee
PY
4. Display
380 LOCATE 15.12:PRINT"5. Quit
400 LOCATE 28,15:PRJNT " Select J5"
420 SOU ND 200, l
440 GOSUB3000
460 IF VAL(KSJ<l OR VAL(KSJ>S TH
Etl 220
480 ON VAL(KS ) GOSUB 520,1220,14
00' 2200. 2900
500 GOTO 220
520 CLS:T-0
540 LOCATE 0,0:LINEINPUT"P.0. ii
" ;PP S: LOCATE 50,0: LINEINPUT"Oate
: .. ; 0$
560 LOCATE 2,2:LINE1NPUT " Company
tlame: ";Al$
580 LOCATE 2,3:LlNEINPUT"St r eet:
" : A2S
600 LOCATE 2,4 :LINEINP UT " City, S
tate, Zip: ";A31
620 LU- " Qty": L21-"Descri pti on":
L3$-" Uni t Price " : L4S-"Tota l Pri c
e"
640 LOCATE0, 6
660 ATTRS,l,U:PRINTUSINGFS; LI S,L
2$,L3 $,L4$
680 ATTR5,l
700 N- 8
720 LOCATE 2,22:LlNE1NPUT"i/ of
ntries ":ZS
740 FOR X-1 TO VAL(ZS ):N-N+l
760 LOC ATE0 .N :LrNE ! NP UTAS( Y) :LOG
ATE6. N: LI NEINP UTBS ( Y): LOCA TE50. N
: LI NE! NPUTCS(Y): LOCATE63. N: PR[ NT
US! NG"Si/11111111. llll": VAL( A$( Y)) *VA L
(CS(Y))
780 T- T+VAL(AS (Y))*VAUC S(Y))
800 Y-Y+l
820 NEXT X
840 LOCATE 50 ,1 9:Ll NEINPUT"Shipp
ing
":SHS
860 LOCATE 25,20 : LINEINPUT " Sales
Tax (Y/N)? ":SI
880 IF Sl-"N" DR ss-"n " THEN 940
ELSE 900
900 L-.07:LOCATE 50,20:PRrNT"Sal
es Tax
";:A TTR5,:.U : PRJNTUS!
NG"l//111/1/V. //II"; L *T
920 ATTRS, l
940 LOCATE 50,22:PR!tlT"Total
":: PRINTUSING"Sl/i/llill/.1111": (T
* L) +T+VAL( SHI )+VAL( ST$)
960 LOCATE 25,22:LlNEINPUT"Note
(Y/N)? " ;PS
980 IF Pl-"Y" OR PS-"y" TH EN 100
0 ELSE 1020
1000 LOCATE0.23:LINE!NPU T" Note "
: PSS
1020 GOSU82640
1040 CLS
1060 LOCATE15 , 12: LlNEINPUT" +
+ + Save to Disk (Y/N)? + +
+":sos
1080 IF SD S-"Y" OR SDl-"y" THEN
1100 ELSE RETURN
1100 LOCATE 15 ,1 4:LINEINPUT"File
name: ":FU
1120 OPEN "O" .Ill. FlS
1140 FOR X-0 TO VALCZ$l - l
1160 WR ITEl/l.PPS .T . L. OS.AIS,A2S,
A31,ZI ,Al ( Xl , Bl( Xl, Cl ( Xl, SHI, PSI
, PYI
1180 NEXT X
1200 CLO SE: RETURN
1220 CLS
12 40 SOU ND 200,l :LOCATE 20 ,5:LlN
EINPUT"Filename: ":Fll
126 0 OPEN " I".#1.Fll
1280 x-0
1300 IF EOF (l)-·l GOTO 1380
1320 INPUTl/l. PPS, T. L. DS .All ,A21.
A31,Z$ ,A$( X) ,B$(X) , CS(X) ,SHS . PS I
, PYI
13 40 X-X+ l
1360 GOTO 1300
1380 CLOSE:GOTO 2200
1400 CLS:T-0
1420 ATTR 5 . 1.B
1440 LOC ATE 18 . ll:PRINT"Printing
, please wait • . , "
1460 ATTR 5,1
1480 PR!NTl/-2.TAB(S)"Purchase Or
der II" : PPS
1500 PRINTl/ -2 : PRINTll-2
1520 PRINTll-2, TABC50lDI
15 40 PR ! NTl/ - 2 . TAB<S )Al$
156 0 PRI NTl/ -2 . TAB(5)A21
1580 PRINTll- 2, TA8(5)A31
1600 FOR X-1 TO 3:P RIN Tl/· 2 :NEX T:
PR INTi/ - 2 , TAB( 5) "Dear Sirs:":FOR
X-1 TO 2 : PRINTl/ · 2:NEXT
1620 PRlNTl/-2. TAB(S)"Please ship
the items 11 st ed a s soo n as pas
s i bl e."
1640 PR rNTJ/ -2
I 660 GO SUB 3040
168 0 PRINTll-2 , TAB(5)CHRl(l5):: PR
I NTll- 2, US INGFS: L1 I, L21, L3 $. L41
17 00 PR!NTl/-2,CHR$( 14)
172 0 FOR X-0 TO VA L(Z l )·l
17 40 PRINTi/ · 2,USINGF2 1:VA L(AS(X)
) , BS( X) , VAL( Cl( X)), VAL(A$( X))*VA
L(Cl(X))
1760 GOSU82860
I 780 NEXT X
1800 PRINTl/-2 : PR I NTl/·2
1820 PR JNTl/ · 2 , TA8(40l"Shipping
"::PR! NTl/·2, USING "
SI/I/Iii/ . /Ill": VAL ( SH S )
1840 IF L*T-0 THEN 1880
1860 PRINTl/-2, TA8(40)"Sales Tax
": :PRINTi/ · 2 , CHR
S (15) ; : PR! NT/I · 2, US IUG" ll/11111/.lll/" :
L*T
1880 PR!NT//-2,C HR $(14)
1900 PR1NTll-2.TAB(40)"Total " : : PR
INT/1·2 , USING"
1111/ill/. I/II": (T* L)+T+VAL (SHI )+VA
L( ST$)
1920 PRINTl/ - 2
1940 PR!NTll -2, TAB(S)"Thank you."
196 0 PR[ NTl/ -2
1980 1 F PYl- "C" OR PYl-"c" THEN
GOSUB 2740
2000 J F PYl-"M" OR PYS-"m" THEN
GO SUB 2 780
2020 IF PYS-"V" OR PYl-"v" THEN
GOSUB 2820
2040 PR[NTl/ -2 : PRINT# ·2
2060 PR[NTll-2, TABf50l"Your Name"
RS , l ,U: PR INTUSI NGFI ; LI $ ,L2 S , L3 1 ,
L41
2340 ATTRS , l
2360 N-8
2380 FOR X-0 TO VAL(Z$) · 1:N-N+l
2400 LOCATE0,N
2420 PRINTUSINGF21:VALCAHXl l . Bl
(X) , VAL(Cl(X ) l, VAL(AS(X l )*VAU Cl
(X))
2440 GOSUB 2860
2460 NEXT X
2480 LOCATE 50, 18:PRINT "Sh1pp1n
g" : : PR! NTU S I NG"
sl/lli/11.1111
":VAL< SHS l
2500 [F L*T- 0 THEN 2540
25 20 L-.07:LOC ATE 50,19:PRINT"Sa
l e s Ta x
" : : ATTRS,l,U:PRIN
TU SI NG" llWfil .Ill/": L*T
2540 ATTRS.I
2560 LOCATE 50,2l:PRINT"Total
";:PR ! NTUS ING"
llli/1/1/.1/1/"
; ( f*L) + f+YA US H$ )+VAUSTI)
2580 LOCATE 0,2 2: PRINT"R
Note
: ":PSI
2600 GOSUB 3000
2620 IF Kl-" R" OR Kl-"r" OR KS- "
Y" OR KS- "y " THEN 220 ELSE 2200
2640 CLS
2660 LOCATE 18, 5: PR! NT"+ + +
Met hod of Paymen t + + +"
2680 LOCATE 8,8 :P RINT"( C) Check
( M)
Ma st erCard (V ) VI SA "
2700 LOCATE 9.10: LINEINPUT PYI
27 20 RETURN
2740 PRINTi/-2.TAB(S)"l am .enclo s
ing . a che c k to cover the amount .
27 60 RETURN
27 80 PRJNTl/-2 , TA8(5)"Mar 1ne Midl
and MasterCard XXXX XXXX XXXX X
XXX Expires XX /X X"
2800 RETURN
2820 PRINTl/ -2,TAB(5) " Bank0ne VIS
A XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX Expi res
XX/XX "
2840 RETURN
2860 T-T+VAL<Al(X))*VAL(Cl(X))
2880 RETURN
29 00 CLS: LOCATE 18, II: LI NEIN PUT "
Are you su r e (Y/N)?" : KI
29 05 SOU ND 225, 2
2910 IF Kl - " Y" OR Kl-"y" THEN 29
20 ELSE RETURN
2920 PALETTERGB:CLSl:POKE113,0:E
XEC40999
3000 KS- INKE YI : I F KS- "" THEN 300
0
3020 RETU RN
304 0 Lll- "Oty": L21-" Description"
:L31- " Unit Price":L41-"Total Pri
ce "
3060 Fl-"%
%%
3080 F2$-"
11/#1/11 .1111
3100 RETURN
%%
Ifill/
%
:;
SI/Iii/I/. Ill/"
2080 PRINTl/ - 2,TAB(50)"Your Addre
ss "
2100 PRINTll ·2 . TAB(50)"Your C1ty,
State . Zip"
2120 PR I NTl/-2. TAB ( 50) "Your Phone
II. if you wi sh. "
2140 PR! NTll· 2
2150 l F PS S-" " TH EN 2180
?160 PRINTi/ ·2 . TAB(S) " Note: ":PSI
2180 RETURN
2200 CLS:T- 0
2220 LOCATE 5,0 :P RHITPYl::PRtN T"
Purchase Order
#: "PPS
2240 LOCATE 50,0: PR ! NTDI
2260 LOCATE 5, 2: PR HITA 11
2280 LOCATE 5 , 3: PR !tlTA2S
2300 LOCATE 5 ,4 :PRitlTA31
2320 LOCATE 0,6:PRINTTAB(5l::ATT
RAINBOW
Back Issues
Still Available
Most issues still available, see
the back issue ad on Page 14
for details.
THE RAINBOW
June 1992
31
Advertisers Index
68xxx Machines ...... ........................ 17
Burke & Burke .............. .................... 9
Cer-Comp ............ ...... ................. ..... 13
Cer-Comp .. .... .................................. 23
CoCoPRO! ........................................ 3
Compuler Plus ...... ....... ................... B C
Dayton Associates
of W.R. Hall , Inc ........................ ..... 27
Delphi .............................................. 21
Everso ft Games, Ltd ........................ 19
Fama Systems .... ...... .. ...................... 15
Gale Force Enterprises .. .................. 25
Granite Computer Systems ............... . 9
Hawksoft ........ .................................. 31
JWT Enl~rprises .. ............................ 17
MV Systems ........... ... .... .................. 19
Owl-Ware .............. ............................ 7
PCM ................................................ 3 1
Rainbow Ba~k Issues ............. ......... 14
Rainbow on Tape and Disk .............. 12
Rainbow Subscri ption ...................... 11
Rick's Computer Enrerprise ... ......... 25
Sebastian LaSpada ........................ .. 29
Sw1dog Systems ........................ ........ 5
Sundog Systems .............................. 3 1
T & D Subscriptioa Software .......... 13
T & D Subscription Software .......... 29
D
Call:
Kim Lewis
Advertising Representative
~ Call:
Belinda Kirby
Advertising Representative
The Falsolt Building
9509 U.S. Highway 42, P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY 40059
(502) 228-4492 • FAX (502) 228-5121
We appreciate your mentioning THE RAINBOW when you contact these advertisers.
con Basic09
Thccriticswillbenvingabout thisst.rategy game! Based on an original concept by author JelISleidel,
Photon is an addictive time-muncher in the spirit of Lcnmingi""' and TariJ"'. Match wits with
Lud~ide, the evil powerdroid,asyou reasonyourway Uirough uver60dc.:vious levels. The numerous
original musicscores, digitizedspeocb and sound effects, and pleasing animation and graphics enrich
Photon to make it an unparalleled gamingaperience. Soon to be relea.sed on a variety ofcomputer
platforms, tbeCoCo Community is lucky enough to be given first glance at this fantasticglllle! Req.
11.BkCoCo-3, disk drive, and joystick.
$34.95
The next programming language for OS-91
Icon Basic09 is a graphical user interface (GUI) to Basic09, which
will make programming easier than ever! Icon Basic09 takes an
innovative approach by using graphic representations. or icons. to
represent statements and keywords for writing Basic09 programs and
procedures. Instead of constantly typing while writing a program , the
user can simply point & click to choose the desired statement!
Icon Basic09 can also be very useful in studying procedures and
programs written by others to learn how they operate. The package
contains a full set of icons ... or, you may edit or create icons using the
included icon editor. Icon Basic09 requires a CoCo-3 with at least 256k,
mouse or joystick, and OS-9 Iv 2.
$
SundogSy.i;terM i.s blowing 011tsdcctcd badc-,;tocksoft.wart., and you can nowtakcadvantageoftbcsc
bargains to complete your Sundogcollcction! Fora limited time, you can buy some of the bcstCoCo
games at 5096 aff retail pria!! Half olffactory-new pme software ... you'U never find a better deal!
Paladin', Legacy
Hall of the King I, 2, or 3
Kung-Fu Dude
White Fire of Eternity
Dragoo Blade
Champion
r<g, $24.95
reg. $29.95
reg. $24.95
reg. $1 9.95
reg. $19.95
reg. $19.95
now$12.45!
now$14.95f
now$12.45f
now$9.951
now$9.95f
Dual hi-res Jorstklc ad~r (RS/Colorware)
HI & Lo-res joptick adapter
HAWKsoft ke:Jboard extension cable
Domination ("Risk"·like wargamel )
MJDOS full-featu red DOS e x1ension
20
$40
$27
$25
$18
$15
now$9.95f
lllillil...-- --
!~~o~
Elgin, IL 60121-7112
(708) 742-3084 eves & ends
US and CDN S&H always included. Tenns: MO, check, or COD.
Tandy 2500 SX/25 HD $1099.00
Tandy 4825 SX/25 HD $1739
Color Computer Disk Drive
Drive O$239 Drive 1 $149
DMP-136 $1~~·
BIG SAVINGS
TandyFax 1500 $539*
ON A FULL COMPLEMENT OF RADIO SHACK COMPUTER PRODUCTS
COMPUTERS
Tandy 1000 RLX HD with VGM-220
Tandy1110HD1 Drive640K
Tandy 1800 HD 1 Drive 1 Meg RAM
Tandy 1000 RL HD with CM11
Tandy 1100 FD 1 Drive 640K
839 .00
929 .00
929.00
569.00
469.00
PRINTERS
TandyDMP-136213CPS
Tandy DMP-302 270 CPS
Tandy DMP-202180 CPS
Tandy DMP-442 300 CPS
Tandy LP-950 Laser Printer
Tandy DMP-240192 CPS 8 color
PanasonicKXP 1180192CPS
Panasonic KXP 1123 24 Wirehead
Panasonic KXP 1124 i300 CPS
Okidata 320 300 CPS
Okidata 380 180 CPS 24 Wire HD
OKI Laser 400 4PPM
199.00.
469.00
299.00
539.00
1299.00
399.00
189.00 •
259.00 •
329.00
369.00
239.00
679.00 •
MODEMS
Tandy DCM-6
Tandy DCM-7
Cardinal 1200 Baud External
Cardinal 2400 Baud External
•
•
•
•
52.00
85.00
99.00
129.00
COLOR COMPUTER MISC.
Tandy Drive Controller
Extended Basic Rom Kit (28 pin)
64K Ram Upgrade Kit (2 or 8 chip)
Tandy Deluxe Keyboard Kit
HI-RES Joystick Interface
Color Computer Deluxe Mouse
Multi Pak Pal Chip for COCO 3
COCO 3 Service Manual
Serial to Parallel Converter
Tandy Deluxe Joystick
Magnavox 8135 RGB Monitor
Magnavox Green or Amber Monitor
Coco 3 Gime Chip
Tandy Pistol Grip Joystick
PBJ OK COCO 3 Upgrade Board
PBJ 512K COCO 3 Upgrade
Tandy OK COCO 3 Upgrade Board
Tandy 512K COCO 3 Upgrade
89.00 .
19.95
39.00
24.95
8.95
44 .00
14.95
29.95
59.95
19.95
299.00
99.00
29.95
26.95
29.95
89.00
39.95
99.00.
COLOR COMPUTER SOFTWARE
TAPE
The Wild West (COCO 3)
34.95
Worlds of Flight
Mustang P-51 Flight Simul. 34.95
Flight 16 Flight Simul.
34.95
DISK
25.95
34.95
34.95
34.95
Tandy Educatioal Software
Spinnaker Software
Max 1Oby Colorware
AutoTerm by PXE Computing 29.95
TW-80 by Spectrum (COCO 3)
TeleWriter 64
49 .95
TeleWriter 128
Elite Word 80
EliteCalc3.0
Coco 3 512K Super Ram Disk
Home Publishing by Tandy (Coco 3)
Sub Battle Sim . by Epyx (CoCo 3)
Thexderby Sierra (Coco 3)
Kings Quest Ill by Sierra (Coco 3)
Flight Sim . II by SubLogic (Coco 3)
OS-9 Level II by Tandy
OS-9 Development System
Multi-View by Tandy
VIP Writer (disk only)
VIP Integrated Library (disk)
2.00
2.00
79.95
39.95
39.95
59.95
79.95
79 .95
69.95
19.95
35.95
26.95
22.45
31.45
31 .45
71 .95
89.95
44.95
69.95
149.95
Prices are subject ID change wtthout notice. Plea9e can for
shipping charges. Prices In ow retail store may be higher.
Send tor complete catalog.
·Sale priCeS through 11-10-92
CALL TOLL FREE
1-800-343-8124
• LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES
• BEST POSSIBLE WARRANTY
•KNOWLEDGEABLE SALES STAFF
•TIMELY DELIVERY
•SHOPPING CONVENIENCE
==
ii
Eas;~a3
Tandy is a registered trademark of Tandy Corp.
P. 0. Box 1094
480 King Street
Littleton, MA 01460
IN MASSACHUSETTS CALL (508) 486 3193
us
SINCE 1973