Download The Rainbow Vol. 12 No. 01 - August 1992 - TRS

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T he
THE COLOR COMPUTER MONTHLY MAGAZINE
August 1992
Canada $4.95
Vo l. x11 No. 1
Make
Forms
ave you eve.r rieeded 10 create a custom form for personal or bus iness
use? If so. you probably puUed out paper. a
pencil and a ruler. then gm busy drawing all
sons of Jines and boxe.s. Then when you got
ready to add the te xt. yo u likely discovered
it would have bee.n much easier had you
started with the tex t and added the g raph ics
10 that
es peciall y if you planned to use
the CoCo to add the rext. Forms takes most
o f the tedium oul of creating good-looking
forms.
Forms. a program designed for the CoCu
3. is a son of word processor for form s thm
allows yo u to easil y mi x tex t with graphic s:
it gi ves you i'ull-screen conlsol o ver place m ent of text and graphic elements. The
program docs not require an RGB monitor,
but it is important that the monitor you U>C
be capa ble of showing all the column s on a
40-column screen. To gel started . enter the
program as shown in the listing and save il
to tape or disk . If you have an RGB monitor.
enter RGB before running the program.
When you run Forms. you'll first be
asked tf you wam to read the onscreen
instructiofts. lf so, press Y. Otherwise press
any other key. nl>.~. you ' ll be prompted to
adjust the paper in yu'J• printer. Knowing
just where to position the paper will take a
little trial and error the first few times -
the
U.S. $3.95
Easy Way
H
practice with a few " dummy" forms before
selling out' to build your masterpiece.
Use the arrow keys to mo ve tbe cursor
around the desig n screen . Rather than dis playing a block cursor. Forms uses dashes
at the top and left side of the screen to show
you where the cursor is positioned -it is at
the intersection of these shon lines. Hold
the SHIFT key and press any arrow key to
move to the corresponding edge of the
screen.
Forms gives you a working area 52
columns wide by l 0 I lines deep for creating your form . (The vertical area is hroken
into four pans - in other words, the pro-
gram gives yo u four full scree ns o n .whic h
It> work.) Each character positjon on the
screen is w1ique - when the c ursor is
where you want it, press the key for the
appropriate graphic element (see Figure I ).
The elemcnls supported allow you to create
a wide variety of lines and boxes for your
fom1. As you add c haracters, the cursor
position is not automatically changed; you'll
need to move the cursor for each character
you add. The actual cursor position . however. is always available at lhe bottom of
the screen.
To add text' at the current cursor position, press the CTRL key and enter the text
you want. You can backspace over mistakes by using the left arrow - in the text
mode, the left arrnw docs not update the
graphics-screen cursor position. The text is
represented on the sere.en by triangles (lhe
CoCo 3 does nol support a 52-<:olumn video
mode). However, wh at you type appe ars al
the bo tt o m of the scree n as you enter it. As
you type. the cursor dashes are updated,
making it eas ie r to correctl y position the
te~l. When your text is complete. press
CTRL agai n, or press ENTER . You are
automatically re rumed to lhe g raph ics mode.
For print ing purposes. Forms ets lhe
pri,nte( linefee d to ha lf its normal distance.
For this reason, always skip a line between
successive 1incs of te xt. However, graphics
lines may be added between these lines
w ith no problem.
To erase the grapltic element or character at the current position, just press E. To
minimize screen clutter, it is important that
you never place a new character over an existing one - always erase the old character
or element first.
As I mentioned earlier, Forms suppons
four screens for a total of 10 I lines. When
you have completed the top founb of your
form (Screen l). press S to.raove to the next
Seo Form• on Page 8
Key Frame Transformations
0
ne of the earliest techniques used for
computer animation is key-frame
i111erpo/atio11, a process for creating the
intermediate visual frames between the
critical positions (key frames) in an animated sequence. Key-frame interpolation
was intended to replace the "in-betweening" ('tweening) used by countless animators for hand animation. As you might guess,
·1weening is a means of smoothing the
movement of an animated figure from one
key position to the next.
For many reasons, two-dimensional
computer ' tweening was; not very success·
ful. The result is that such s implistic techniques gave computers a bad name in the
character-animation industry. (Three-dimensional key-frame interpolation helped
to restore the computer's reputation. A quick
look at some of today ' s television commercials shows computer animation can be
quite impressive.) Still, two-dimensional
key-frame interpolation is a fascinating
computer animation technique in its own
right. While not particularly useful for traditional character animation. it works well
for Jess well-defined objects and abstract
shapes. It is particularly effective for transforming one graphics object into another
(say . Africa into a Coke hon le).
See Key Frames on Page 72
In this issue:
•
•
Animation Through ML
by William P . Nee
22
Artifactlng Meets lbe CoCo 3
by Adam Breint!LI
15
Back Issue Information
18
•
• •
Key-Frame Transformations
by Dawn A. Smith
Letters to Rainbow
•
Make Forms the Easy Way
bv John Musumeci
OS-9Hotllne
CoCo Consultations
by Marty Goodman
17
•
CoCo Nole Taker
bv Trevor Boehm-- -- - II
Delphi Bureau
by Eddie Kuns
10
•
2
Protect \'our PareeIll
by Keiran Kenny - - - - - 25
Received and C ertified
Product Reviews:
hv Johu M 11s11111ec1 - - --
KwikGen
Grocery Shopping
24
With CuCo
h\' David Leblanc - - -- - lnterrom
.i
16
1
20
Print#-2
b,v wn11ie Falk
Disk Sorter
by Geoff Friesen
19
F ind PRINT@ Loca tions Ea.Uy
-
l
2
25
frCJm Gale Fore£ E111e17Jriscs- - 6
YED/68000
from Bob l"O/l der Poc!I 5ojtware 15
THE RAINBOW
2
Our anniversary has come and gone, and
this time of the year for THE RAINBOW
always gets me 1hinking aboul lhe past
This is probably as good a time as any to
talk about a couple of the things which have
been sort of secrets regarding o ur little
magazine. These are not big-tirne secrets neither Oprah nor Sallie Jessie would care
a whit about them - but every year at this
time I Jell myself I should mention them,
then omething more important comes up
and they get shoved aside.
Our bigges t secret involves our name. lt
was a subject of much debate in the earlier
years when Jim Reed was the managing
editor. He called the magazine RAINBOW,
while I insisted the name was THE RAINBOW. Recd would write columns, let.ters
and make announcements at RA!NBOWfests
about RAINBOW; and I would write my
column. answer my letters and make my
announcements about THE RAINBOW.
I asked Jim (who by the way isoneofthe
founding members of the Louisville palindrome society) 10 come into my office one
day, handed him the latest copy of the
magazine, and asked him what its name
was.
" RAINBOW," he replied.
"THE RAlNBOW," Tsaid.
" But, Lonnie, f" ve been calling it just
RAINBOW for years."
" But. Jim,/' vc been calling it T//ERAINBOW longer."
Anyone who can think up YADDA Y
(which Reed claims to have done) and similar palindromes doesn 't g ive up on words
easily.
" But just RAINBOW ounds bette r," he
told me.
"But THE RAINBOW is its name."
''Well, [really think we should consider
changing it, then. Especially since that is
what I've been calling it."
" Excepl. Reed ." I said . "all of our forms
and all of our magazines and all of our bill
are primed with a the. If we had 10 reprint
them. it would cost a bunch of money. "
"That 's the trouble with you. Since you
became a publisher, you worry about money
instead of how things sound. Just RAINBOW
sounds better."
"Well , Jim. I s uppose we could. That is,
if you don ' t mind waiting for your paycheck
until we reprint all our materials."
The discussion seemed to end right there.
•••••
Speaking of ends, lookatthe littlethingie
("thingie" is a word coined by my daughter,
Laurie) right above this paragraph. It is
called a star-dash. It is five asterisks centered in a column and is a generally accepted
term in the world of typesetting. But not
here, it would seem.
Our first graphic artist, Sally Nicho.ls,
once came to me and asked how I wanted to
set off several subjects in an article I wrote.
"Just star-dash them ," I told her.
" Who-what?"
" Star-dash them."
And she walked away. Back an hour
later, she had drawn a dash in the shape of an
enlongated star.
''ls th is what you want?"
•••••
A better story about Sa lly is the time we
got our first stat camera, a pretty heavy piece
of equipment about 5 feel high and 3 feet
deep with a sort of portable darkroom built
in. The salesman who sold it to us had to
have three men deliver it and said he would
be by later in the day to teach us, particularly
Sally, how it worked.
He showed up. talked to Sally and me for
a minute or 1wo, and then turned to her and
said sumetbing lik~ " Come on, Lilli~ Girl ,
Level II a bit more 11ser-frie11dly. Borh prod11crs sho11/d be available through T(mdy's
Express Order sysrem-ym1 can call (800)
321-3 133 for more information.
The Bottom Line
Editor:
Thank you for youreontinuedsupport of
our beloved CoCos. At fi rst I was disappointed with your new format. After thinking it over, however, l realized THE RAIN BOW could be printed on toilet paper and I
wo uld be happy. Just keep on publishing
our only source of news.
Carlo Sheridan
147 lake Street
Belli11gham, MA 02019
OS-9 and Multi-Vue
Editor:
I would like information about OS-9
Level II and Multi-Vue - our nearest Radio
Shack doesn't have these products anymore. Also. where can I purchase these
products?
Terence Holmes
21 1 Lo11g Street
Leland, MS 38756
OS-9 is an operating system. a gro11p of
rl10t conrrols how yo11rcomp1.11er
opera/es. 11 offers more few11res and more
control than is normally available through
Disk BASIC. Multi-Vue is a graphical user
iwerface (GUI) imended to make OS-9
program.~
Wants to Add EARS
Ediror:
While reading through my back issues of
THE RAINBOW , l saw numerous advertisements for a product called EARS. l s this
product (or an equivalent ) still available
and, if so, where?
S. Remin
14 Wellin gron Road
Clayton , Victoria 3168
Australia
EA RS , a hardwarel.wftware prndur r
desifined to allow the CoCo to accept verbal
input.from a user. was originally marketed
hy Speech Systems. We know of no company
c11rrent/y marketing EARS. Per/raps another
reader may be able ro offer more assistance.
Music Program for the CoCo 3
Editor:
To all CoCo musicians and/or mu ic
programmers: help! For months I have been
searching (so far in vain) for a CoCo 3 m us ic
progmm that uppo11S orn;creen music staves,
chord input and note transposition as well as
editing, playback and priming of music. It
would be even better if ii supported adding
teXI to music (e.g., lyrics, guitar chords, etc.)
and I'll show you how this works."
A full-fledged graduate of the University of Louisville's design program, Sally
was not to happy to be a "Little Girl." But
she and the salesman went off to the comer
we had assigned to the camera.
When I came by, the salesman was
''Liule Girl" -ing Sally all over the place,
and I could tell she was not pleased. An
almost interminible hour passed and the
salesman was finishing up when he said
the last thing he need.e d to do was level the
can1era.
"OK, Little Girl." he told her, "you get
down here and turn the liltle screw-in feet
while [ bold the camera up." Sally laid
down on the floor , and he groaned and
picked up the heavy camera. While he held
the camera in the air, Sally said: "Oh,
Wally, now where are those feet? Titis
Little Girl is so confused."
Sally was never "'Little Girl " again.
•••••
his true that long ago we ran a questionand-answer column by one of our techni cal people, Ed Ellers.
"'What'll we call it?" Jim Reed asked
me.
&l's technical thoughts were sometimes
somewhere in the stratos phere. On one
occasion , r had hooked a new monitor to
my Coco and was having problems with
RFI. !called Ed in to ask him why, only to
be regaled by a lecture on everything from
bandwidths to NTSB scan rates.
All I wanted was an answer. So. af1er
about five minutes of th is, I became impatient nnd finally said, " Earth to Ed, can you
just.fix it."
The column , thus. was named "Earth
To Ed ," somewhat over Ed's objection;
bul around Falsoft, the nickname " Earth"'
has stuck to this day.
I hope you've enjoyed my lit.tie trip
down memory lane.
-
Lotmie Falk
and MIDT connection facilities. r have seen
these features for PCs, and all the kids al
our local Primary School have access to
su~h features on their Apples. Why can 'l
we get them on our illustrious CoCo? Any
comments, advice or offers are most welcome. I think I ' vc picked all the brains
down here!
Keva Lloyd
8-12 Gallagher Street
Sea Lake 3533
Australia
We published a program by George
Quellhorst in thR April 1991 issue (Page
10) rhat supports onscreen staves. ff using
OS-9 level II is nor a problem. consider
U ltiMusE Ill from Kala Software (3801
Brown Bark Drive, Greensboro, NC 27410)
-it offers most ofrhef earures you mention
a11dmore. /11 rhe D isk BASIC marker fr Lyra.
However, we are uncertain as to the cur·
rent availability of this product.
Mnkc OS-9 Easy to Use
Ediror:
I want to shout a s uper-bearty hallelujah in response to John Perry's comments
in t.beAprU 1992 issue. I went to one of the
A1lanta CoCofe.•ts and spent several hours
talking to fo lks offering the new compute r , begging them to make OS-9 easy to
use. All r got we re blank stares.
There is a severe dearth of CoCo hackers who remember when they weren'r
August 1992
THE RAINBOW
omniscient. There is no doubt that OS-9
and OSK are very powerful systems, but
they will always be bidden in a comer if
they can 't be used very easily be someone
other than hackers.
Jim Lal.one
91135 Standifer Gap Road
Oo/tewah, TN 37363
Text mode andF2 puts them into the mouse
mode; the CLEAR key is the "button."
And, please, don't forget diagonals .
When hoth a vertical arrow and a horizontal
arrow are pressed, the cursor should bavcl
the diagonal path between the two.
Fred Rickards
P.O. Box794
Trinity, NC 27370
User-Friendly Software
Editor:
Why are so many software producers
letting programers cut them out of five to
eight percent of their potential market? I
don't know how many times I have read ads
for programs that seem to be just what I
want, but four little words tell me Tcan't use
then: mouse or joystick required.
Some years ago I was involved lit an
automobile accident. I have recovered well,
but my fine control of my hands and fingers
is not aU that great. Through 30 months of
hard practice, I have gotten my typing speed
back Lo about 2/ 1 of what it once was. The
mouse and joystick, however, are still useless to me.
Have programmers forgotten about the
arrow keys? T doubt it. In fact , I' ll bet the
vast majority give those arrows areal workout while they are writing their programs!
There are thousands of us out here (many
in far worse condition than 1). Can you who
market these programs really afford to
ignore this potential expansion of your
customer base?
I have written a number of game and
graphics programs for my grandsons enough so that I can tell you it is not that
hard to give users a choice of which control
to use. Some of my programs have both a
"text cursor" and a 0 mousecursor." Jnthese
programs, when the keyboard is selected,
pressing F I puts the arrow keys into the
Desperate ror Help with Hyper 110
Editor:
I have enjoyed THE RAINBOW for many
years, and have found it to bea very helpful
addition to my library of computer books
and magazines. I want to thank all the
people who have replled to my distress calls
(through your great publication) for help
and also THE RAINBOW staff, which has
offered me help with software and hardware problems. Tr is rare to find such customer service these days, and I just thought
you should know there are a lot of people
out here who think you 're c.loingagreatjob.
I would appreciate any belp from anyone who uses (or has used in the past) a
Burke & Burke hard-drive system with
Hyper 110. I picked up the system from a
former CoCo owner. I am looking for any
patches or programs that have been written
to work with this hardware/software combination and would allow me to run several
of my software packages with llyper /JO.
Mychel Holtry
695 Park Avenue, Apt. 216
Idaho Falls, ID 83402
(208) 524-9027
Printing Pictures
Editor:
1 hope you can help me. T have a 64K
Color Computer 2 with a black-and-white
TV,an FD-502diskdriveand a DMP- 132.
I can get the printer to print words on paper,
but it won't print pictures, even though I
can view the graphics onscreen. I have tried
to get the people at Radio Shack to help, but
they don' t know bow to do this e ither.
quire,< a little re/earning. Since you have
not yet experienced Disk. {U)SIC, .th;ttrelearning should not greatly affect y()il. "
OS-9 has ofien,,..b¢im "COnsidired a
hacker's operattngryJldlfr(·a"'s!"opp.o~e4 t6 a
user's system) Since. there are so many
utiliiies and relatively few app/icaliotis.
But the necessary applications - word
processors,fili11g programs and a spreadsheet-are available. In addition, a great
deal of shareware and freeware is available through Delphi and other telecommunications services. Perhaps other readers
will write you with their suggestio11s.
'fHERAINl)OW welcomes letters to -the
editor. Mail should lie addressed to: Let·
tees to Rainbow, The Falsoft Building,
9509 U.S. ~wy 42, P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY 4(:)0591 Lelters Sh.o uld include
thiW.riter' s full name and address. Letter!;
may be edited for olitrity or.10 conserve
space.
Letters tp the editor may also be sent to
us through our Delphi CoCo SIG. From
~be.Coco SlG> irompt, enter AA t to get to
the Raihbow Magazini: Servic.es area of
the SIG. At. tbe RAJNBOW> prompt,
-enter LCT lo reach the LElTERS> prompt,
then select Letters for Publication. Be
sure to ipclude your complete name and
address.
&g8
ms
Printing PMODE graphics images with a
printer requires a special program called a
screen d11mp . See ''Speedy PHODE Screen
Dump" (THE RAINBOW.May 1992. Page I)
by Cray Augsburg for an in-depth look at
printing tlrese images.
Faster Throu]Jllput for the coco 3
Originally developed as a low-power
(CMOS) alternative to the Motorola 6809,
the Hitachi 6309 microprocessor has been
around for some time. Until recently. however, few people knew of its hidden enhancements (undocumented features) and the benefit they might offerto users of the CoCo 3.
The 6309 is pin-for-pin compatible with
the 6809." In addition to extra registers and
support for high-speed block moves (four
times as fast as the 6809), the 6309 sports two
modes of operation. Tn the Emulation mode,
the 6309 acts as if it were a 6809 but includes
new instructions for access LO the extra registers. Jn the Native mode, however, the 6309
executes instructions in up to 35 percent
fewer instruction cycles.
Chris Burke (of Burke & Burke) learned
of these hidden features earlier this year, and
at the Chicago CoCofest (May 1992) introduced PowerBoost. This product includes a
63B09E and socket with which you replace
the 68B09E in the CoCo 3, and software for
Disk BASIC and OS-9 Level 11 that al lows
you to take advantage of the 6309's Emulation mode.
Early reports on PowerBoost indicate
processor throughput increases of 10 to 50
percent, depending on the. operation being
perfonned - an average of 15 to 20 percent
is expected. Because OS-9 is a modular operating system (in contrast to Disk BASIC)
throughput increases are more visible with
OS-9.
-6.- &g8 &g8 ~ ~
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La Belle Lucie:
All three play
A true game otskill. $14.95
on 128K CoCo3, with joystick and disk.
SAVE $10.00. BUY ALL THREE FOR $40.00
Daniel Miller
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Special Back Issue Offer Magazines $1 each
Disks $6 each while supplies last!
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3
CRAZY B's
Cl:tVS:A 9,a
IMIEW
Play against your computer.
Up to three opponents. All
graphics, for all ages. Coco3.
$14.95
Looking to Switch to OS-9
Editor:
SysStat
Understanding Memory
Printer Control
Sorting Array Data
Easy Fiie Manipulations
Prompts with atyle and more
111tt l'C
c....,,.11.,• • .....,.
SOFT
SECTOR..,,..
Patriotic Graphics
Maze Escape
Stellar Blast
Scrolling
A look at Memory
Utlllty Commands
Te<:nnlcal O&A sod more
We have a cassette-based CoCo 3 with
128K. We want to get a disk drive and use
the OS-9 operating system, but we are very
unsure as to wbere to go or what would be
best for us.
When it comes to computers, we are aU
but lost. We 've had oursforsometimeand
alsobaveTefewrirer-64 (with which we are
not very happy). We use the CoCo for ministry records and mailing lists, auto-repair
records and parts inventory, and myriad
other personal and small-business uses. Can
you give us some direction and sound advice?
Tifly and Wanda Brown
ftJ 38 Myste1~v Place
P.0 . Box2/72
Alma, AR 72921
Tiu• OS-9 t1peratinR systnn. as we ex-
To order, call (800) 847-0309
9 a.m.-5 p .m. EST.
BONUS OFFER:
Soft Sector Binders $3 Each
plained ;n 0111· response fl) Terence Holmes
abm·e, is a group of related progmms Illar
manages the way the romp1111•r operare.~
and the wa)' we communicatewitlr ;1. In rhe
past. tlti< o/1er111;ng sysrem lras /1ee11 T<>tlletf
n.r nor too user-friendly. The s;mpfe trlllh is.
OS-9 is different tlwn Disk BASIC and re-
SOVIET BLOC:
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ADVENTURE SURVIVORS!
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Call or write for details.
Eversoft Games, Ltd
P.O. Box 3354
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L.E. Padgett
24 Perthshire Dr.
Peachtree City, GA 30269
{404) 487-8461
4
THE RAINBOW
August 1992
Feature Progratp
Go Grocery Shopping
With the Coco
B
t:ans, oranges, tofu , toilet tissue, porJc move the cursor through the list, and press
chops ... whew! This shopping list is ENI'ER to select an item. (Selected items
horribly disorganized. If only there was a are indicated by inverted text.) Pressing
quick and easy way lo alleviate some of the ENTER while the cursor is on a previously
burden of weekly grocery shopping . ..
selected item cancels that selection.
Your CoCo 3, along with a disk drive
To move to the top of the list, use SH!Ffand printer, can do just this. Grocery Helper up wrow. To go to the bottom, use SHIFTis a menu-driven program that lets you down arrow. You can also press a single
select from an alphabetical list the items Jetter to move the cursor to the first item that
you want to purchase and print them in an begins with that letter in the list. As with
order! y form.
Option 1, CTRL-H calls a help screen, and
After you enter the·program listing, save CfRL-X talces you back to the Main menu.
Grocery Helper to a fresh disk and run it.
Option 4, Print List, is self-explanatory.
Make sure to keep the disk in the drive, To achieve a compact printout, l ' ve inthough, so the CoCo can use it to store your serted a control code to print the list in
data. The'program stores your data in a file Tandy's microfont. lf your printer (or eyes)
named LIST . OAT. If it can 't find this file on don't su pport this small print, simply delete
the disk in Drive 0, the program assumes everything up to the RESTORE command in
you haven't set up the master product list Line 4002 of the program, and change Line
yet and takes you immediately to Option I
4022 to 4022 GOTO 30.
(discussed below). However, if Grocery , . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - . . . , . , . - - . . ,
Helper does find a file with this name, a tide
l . B~-!!llll~
screen appears and you see a menu of the
2.
GoodS'
programs six options.
l.»aizy
Option l, Add Items to Master File,
4. Frozen FOods
allows you to add, delete, or change items in
5.Hygiene
6. Meats, FiSh & Poultry
LIST. OAT. This master file holds up to 360
items of up to 18 characters each .
'7. Miscellaneous
Groce1y Helper supports nine product
_8. Pilpe~/Detergent
categories (see Figure 1). The category
9. Produi;e,
currently selected is shown on the third
screen line. To move to the next category,
F i.p re 1: Product. C~tegOries ·
hold the SHIFT key and press the up arrow.
Similarly, use SHIFT-down arrow to move
back one category.
The first item in the current category (or The Listing: GROCERY
the first slot if there are no items in the
category) is highlighted. The four arrow 0 OATA"Bread / cereal ","Canned goo
keys allow you to move the highlight bar ds". "Oa 1 ry " , "frozen foods " , "Hygi
ene". "Meats, fish. and poultry".
over each listed item. To enter anew item or "H1scel1 aneous" . "Paper /detergent
add to an existing one, pos ition the bar and " ."Produce" .9.2. 7 ,4 . 3.6.1.8.S
type the desired characters. In a slot that 1 WIOTH40 : 0NBRKGOT08:PHOOE0 , l : PC
LEAR!: CLEAR8000 : OIHF( 361) • l ( 40) .
lists an item, Grocery Helperaucomatically
P(360), !$(360). P$ (40): FORK-JT09 :
positions the text cursor at the end of the
REAOG$ ( K) : NEXT
existing characters. When you have fin·
3 CLS:LOCATE13 . 2:ATTR0.0,U:PRINT
ished entering an item, press ENTER (to "Grocery Helper": :ATTR0, 0 : LOCATE
move to the next slot) or any arrow key. 13,5 : PRINT"by Dave LeBlanc":LOCA
Since the left arrow is used for cursor con- TE8.2 3: PRINT"(C) 1992 Rainbow Ma
gazine" :
trol, I wrote the program to interpret the 4 'GROCERY HELPER BY 0. LEBLANC
CLEAR key as a backspace. To clear all the 5 'COPYRIGHT CC) 1992 FALSOFT
characters in the highlighted slot, press 6 GOT010
8 RUN
SHIFT-CLEAR.
While you are getting used to the pro- 10 POKE65496,0 : 0PEN"O",//l,"LIST .
OAT", 21 : Fl ELO//l, 18ASA$, 3ASB$: POK
gram , it's not hard to forget one or more of E65497 ,0
the function keys. Press CTRL-H to call up 20 IFLOF(l )-0THENCLOSE:FORK-IT07
a help window that outlines the most impor- 50 : NEXT : GOTO 1000
tant functions. Press CTRL-X to return to 22 LOCATE15.2l : PRINT" Oisk access
": POKE65496 . 0: FORK-IT0360: GETl/1.
the Main menu.
K: 1$( K)-A$: PC Kl-VAU B$ ): NEXT : CLO
Option 2, Alphabetize Items, sorts the SE: POKE65497. 0
data in the master file in alphabetic order. 24 LOCATE13 . 21 : PRINT"Proce ss1 ng
Always use this option immediately after data": fORK-1T0360
25 IFINSTR(ll(K) . STRJNGS(lS , 32 ))
you create or modifY rhe master file . Other- -I
THEN l $ ( K)-"": GOT028
wise, the program will not correctly inter26 1 FASC<R IGHT$( 1$(K),1) l-32THEN
pret the file, rendering the data useless.
!$ (Kl- LEFTS( l$ ( K) , LEN( !$(K))·l):
GOT0 26
Option 3, Select Items, is where you' ll
28
NEXT
spend most of your time with Grocery
30 ONBRKGOT030:SUUNOl.l:AHR0,0:
lie/per; use th is opti on to select the items CLS: LOCATE16 . 2: PR! NT"MA! N MENU":
you want printed 011 your current shopping
FORK-JT08 : LOCATE&. 3+K: ATTR3, 2: PR
list. Afte r you select this option. a list conl NTSTRJ NGS C28 . 32 l: : NEXT: LOCATE7,
S:PRJNT"l.
Add it.ems to master f
taining all the items in the file is d isplayed.
The ite ms are organized in alphabet ic or- ile";:LOCATE7,6:PR!NT"2. Alphabe
tf ze items " ;: LOCATE7 . 7 :PR! NT"3 ,
der. regardless of the category under which Select i terns":: LOCATE7 .8
they fa ll. Use the up and down arrows to
CaruJM
Use Option 5,
Exit, to stop Grocery Helper. Before
ending, the program
saves any modifications you made to the
master file - make
sure you have used
Option 2 to alphabetize dte list first.
Option 6, Clear
Master File, is useful but
dangerous. Selecting it
erases the entire master
file from the disk .
Though I have made a
•
reasonable effort to render this option goofproof, an unintentional
erasure can still result- please be careful.
One final piece of advice: When you are
entering items (Option I) with similar
names, enter them "last name first," placing
a comma between the words. For example ,
enter green beans as BEANS. GREEN . (The
space is not required after the comma.)
Then when the list is alphabeti7.ed, the item
wi 11 appear in an ordered section of the master file - the various types of beans are
Usted together, making selection easier.
When you print the list, Grocery Helper
interprets the comma as a delimiter and
rearranges the item name (e.g .. to GREEN
31 PRINT"4. Print l1st"::LOCATE7
.9 : PRINT"5. Ex1t " ::LOCATE7,10:PR
INT"6. Clear master file": : LOCAT
El2.13 : ATTR0.0:PRINT"Se lect opti
on
>
11
:
32 EXEC44539 : AS-I NKEY$: I FVAL( AS)
<10RVAL(A $ ))6THENSOUN01 . 1: GOT032
ELSEPR!NTA$ : EXEC43345 :ONVALCA $ )G
OTOl 000. 2000 • 3000. 4000, 5000, 6000
999 'MOO! FY MASTER Fl LE MOOU LE
1000 ONBRKGOT01000:C-0:CLS:ATTR0
, 0: LOCATE10, 0: PR! NT'' MOOI F 1CAT JON
MOOU LE": PR ! NT" CTRL · X to ex 1t
CTRL · H for help" :: LOCATE!
. 2 : IFG-0THENG-1
1005 PR!NT"Group ll"+STRSCG l+": "
+G$CG): PRINT" "+STRINGS (38." -" l;
1010 FORK-1T040: !(K)-0:NE XT:A-0:
FORK-CG· l )*40+ lTO( G-1 )*40+40: IF I
$ ( K)-""THENN EXTELSEA-A+ I: l (A )-K:
NEXT
1011 l FC-0TH EN l FA-40THENC-l ELS EC
-A+!
1012 ATTR0 ,0 :FORK-1T040:1 FK/201
NH K/2 lTHENB-3+( ( K+I) /2) ELSEB- 3+
(K/2)
1014 l FK/2 <>I NH K/ 2 )THENLOCA TE!.
B ELSELOCATE21.B
1015 I FK-C TH ENA TTR2. 4
1016 PRINTIS(J(K))+STRING$(18 - LE
N(l $( 1(K))),32);
1017 lFK-C THENATTR0,0
1018 NEXT
1025 C$-1$ (l(C) l
1030 l fC/2<>INTCC/2lT HENB- 3+ ((C +
ll /2 l ELSEB-3+( C/2 J
1032 !FC/2<>INT(C/2)THENLOCATE1.
B ELSELOCATE21 .B
1034 ATTR2 ,4: PR!NTC S+STR!NGS( 18 l FN( C$ l . 37): :ATTRI , 0: LOCATE39 .0
1036 GOT01050
1039 ' PRINT NORMAL ITEM [ENTRY :
C-POS
•
BEANS). When using this handy feature, be
particular with your use of the comma.
David LeBlanc is a certified engineer
who plans to attend the Technical University ofNova Scotiaf or a degree in electrical
engineering. In addition to working with
computers, David enjoys participating in
vuriou.1· sports. and his hobbies include
reading and listening to music.
1040 !FC/ 2<>1 NTC C/2lTHE NLOCATEl,
B ELSELOCATE21.B
1042 ATTR0 .0 : PR1NT Cs+STRING$ (1 8
- LEN (CS). 32): : l FJC Cl>0THEN1044El
SE 1FC$-""TH ENRETUR NELSEFO RK-( G· l
)*40+1 TO( G· l )*40+40: l Fl SCK)-" "TH
EN I ( C)-K: A-A+ 1: 1$ ( KJ-C$: RETURN EL
SENEXT: STOP
1044 1$(1(C))- C$:RETURN
1050 lFPEEKC341 l-247THEN1100
1052 I FPEEK( 342 J-247THEN1150
1054 l FPE EKC 343 l-2470RPEEK( 344 )247TH EN1200
105B A$-INKEY$: lfA$-"" THEN1050
1059 l FAS- CHRS ( 189 )0RA$- " •"ORA$CH RS C8 lORAS-CHRS <9lORAS-CHRSC10 J
THEN1050
1060 lFAS-" _ "THEN1350
1062 lFA$-''[''THENl360
1064 I FA$- "X" ANOPEEK(342) - 191GOS
U81040 : GOT030
1066 l FA$-"H" ANOPEEK( 342 )-l 91THE
NJ380
1068 I FA$-CHR$( 12 )THEN1300
1070 IFA$ - "\ "TH EN1325
1076 l FAS-CH RS ( 13 lTHEN1310
107B l FLEN ( CS l-18THENSOUN01. l : GO
T01050
1080 EXEC43345: cs-Cs+AS : GOT01030
1100 l Fl ( C )-00RCS <> ""THEN1110ELS
EI FC<3THEN l FC+3B>A THEN1050ELSE!
$([(Cl l-"" :C-C+38 : GOTOJ010
110 2 !$( J(Cl)-"": C-C·2 : GOT01010
1110 lFC<3THENIFC+37>A THEN1050E
LSEGOSU8 1040 : C-C+3B : GOTOl 025
111 2 GOSUB1040:C-C -2: GOT01025
1150 !Fl(C)-00RCSO""THEN1160ELS
EI FC>38TH EN 1$ (I ( C) l-"" : C-C-38: GO
T01010
1152 !FC+2>A THEN1050ELSE !$ (1(Cl
)-" ": C-C+2: GOTO 1010
11@ IFC>38THENGOSUBJ040:C-C · 38:
GOT01025ELSEI FC+I>A THEN1050E LSE
In Quest of the Star Lord
CoCo3
Hinl Sheet
Hall of the King 1, 2 or 3
CoCo 1 -3
Hall of the King Trilogy
White Fire of Eternity
$29.95 ea .
$74 .95
CoCol-3
Dragon Blada
CoCo 1 -3
Champion
CoCol- 3
Paladin's Lagacy
CoCol -3
\11sa . Mastercard Cnec< Monev Onlt:r. dlld COD
( JSA, onl•{ plcasoJ ar;ccprcd A11 INe1gn 01der~
rn11s1 De se n1 in US currency Money Orders 1m:h1de
S? sn 101 sh1 pu 1ro in US A an:i ca rad3 $5 oa
Fores1pn $J oo exl ra ro · c::rn Of de rs PA resments
ado 5% sa!es idK Dealer inJuines •Nelcome
AlllhOrs we re 1001':1ng for new sol!ware 1
Augus t 1992
6
GOSUB1040: c-c+z: GOT01025
1200 IF 1CC l-00RCH>""THEN1210ELS
El FC 12<> I HTC C/2 )THEN I FC-A THEN10
50ELSEIS (I ( c) )-"": c-c+ 1: GOT01010
1202 IlCHC)l-"":C-C-I:GOT01010
12 10 IFC/ 2<> !NTCC/ 2 )THENTFCS-""T
HE N1050ELSEGOSUB1040 : C-C+l: GOTOl
025
1212 GOSUB1040: c-c-1: GOT01025
1300 IFCS-""THENSOUNOl, l :GOT0105
0ELSEEXEC43345: CS-LE FT$( CS, LEN( C
SJ-l) :GOT01030
131 0 IFCS- ""THENSOUNOJ,l :GOT0105
0ELSE EXEC43345: GOSUB 1040 : c-c+ 1: I
FC>40THENC-l
1312 GOT01025
1325 EXEC43345: IF!(C)-0THENCS- ""
: GOT01030ELSEIS CI (Cl)-"": GOT0101
THE RAINBOW
1390 LOCATES.14:ATTR2 .4: PRINT"SH
!FT": : ATTR3.2:PR!NT" + UP or OOW
N arrow":: LOCATE9, 15 : PR!NT"moves
to another group.":
1392 LOCATES .17: PR! NT"Hi t any ke
1600 PRINTASC(AS)
1700 GOT01500
1999 'ALPHABETIZE
2000 PRINT" Alphabetizing.":PRIN
T" Please wait a few moments .. . "
: LOCATE35 ,0 : ATTR0 ,0, 8 : PRINT9: :AT
TRl. 0: PR! NTCHR$( 8); : FORK-1T0360:
P( KJ-K : NEXT :M-511
2010 FORK- lTOS:LOCAH35,0:ATTR0,
0, B: PR! NT9 - K: : ATTRl. 0: PRINTCHR$(
8) ;:M-( M-ll/2
2020 !F36il-M- l <0THENZ130ELSEM1-M
+l :I-Ml
2030 Jl-PC1):M2-I-M:J-l
2040 Jl-M2 - J+l: 12-P ( Jl l
2050 !FIS( lll>-ISCI2lTHEN2100
2060 PCJl+Ml-P CJl)
2070 IF J+M>M2 THEN2090
20S0 J-J+M: GOT02040
2090 PCJll-11 :GOT02.ll0
2100 P(Jl+MJ-11
2110 IF I+l>360THEN2.130
2120 I-1+1 :GOT02030
2130 NEXTK
2140 GOT030
3000 ONSRKGOT03000 : CLS: ATTR0 .0: l
OCATE13. 0: PR! NT"SELECT MO OU LE" : P
RINT " CTRL-X to ex i t
CTR
L-H for help":PRlNT" "+STR!NGSC3
8, "-"):
3006 FORK•lT0360 :l Fii (PC K) l-""TH
EN NEXT: SOUND! .1 : GOT030ELSEA-K
3010 ATTR0,0:8-A - l:FORK-lT05
3012 LOCATE! 1. ( 6- Kl*2+1: I FB-00R I
$ (P C8) )-" "THENPRI NTSTRI NGS C18, 32
) : : NEXT: GOT03020ELSECS-IS CPC8 ) l
3014 !FF(PCBl l-l THENATTR2 . 4
3016 PR! NTCS+STRING$ ClS ·LEN ( CS l,
32):: I FF( PCB l )•I THENATTRl. 0 : LOCA
TE39.0:ATTR0.0
301S B-S -J : NEXT
3020 B-A: FORK-1T06
3022 LOCATE!l, (K*2J +ll: IF8 >3 60TH
ENPRINTSTRJNGS(JB,32): :NEXT:GOTO
3030ELSECS-U CPCB) )
3024 lfF(P(8))-ITHENATTR2, 4
3026 PR! NTCS+STR ING$ (1 8- LEN CCS l.
32): : I FF( PC 8 l )•!THENA TTRl. 0: LOCA
TE39,0 : ATTR0,0
302S S-B+l: NEXT
3030 LOCATES, 13: PR! NT"•>" : : LOCAT
E30 .13 : PRINT" <-": : ATTRl.0: LOCATE
39 ,0
3040 I FPEEKC 341 l- 247THEN3200
3042 I FPEEKC 342l-247THEN3260
3043 K-PEEKC 34llAN064: I FK>0THENW
N30
3056 I FAS-"H" ANOPEEKC 342 )-191THE
N3375
3058 I FPEEKC 341 l-191THENWS-Ws+AS
ELSEWS-AS
3059 I FLEN CWS l-lTH ENFORK-lT0360E
LSEFORK-A T0360
3060 I FINSTR CIS(P(Kll.WS)<>lTHEN
NEXT: SOUNOl. I: ws-· .. : GOT03040ELSE
A-K: I FPEEKC 341l<>191 THENWS-""
3062 GOT03010
3200 IFA - l-00RUCPCA-lll-""THEN3
040ELSEA-A - l: GOT03010
3250 I FA+D360THEN3040ELSEA•A+l:
GOT03010
3300 IFFCPCA))·0THENF(P(A))-1ELS
EFC PC Al J-0
3302 GOT03010
3375 LOCATE0,l:ATTR0,0 : PRINTSTRI
NG$( 40 ,32) ; : LOCATE10, l: PR! NT" He 1
p screen engaged."::FORK-1T017:L
OCATE7 , 4+K: ATTR3, 2: PRINTSTRINGS (
26 ,32):: LOCATE34, 5+K:ATTR0,3
3376 PRINT" ";:ATTR0,0:PRJNT" ":
: NEXT: LOCATES, 22: ATTR0, 3: PRINTST
RINGS(25.32):
3378 LOCATES . 6 :ATTR2, 4: PRI NT"CTR
l"::ATTR3.2:PRINT" + "::ATTR2.4:
PRJNT"H": : ATTR3. 2: PRINT" for HE L
P screen . ":
3380 LOCATES. 7:ATTR2 ,4:PRJNT"CTR
L";:ATTR3,2:PRINT" + "::ATTR2,4:
PRINT"X"::ATTR3,2:PRINT" for MAr
N MENU.":
3382 LOCATE8.8: PR I NT"UP arrow mo
ves cursor up": :LOCATE9.9:PRINT"'
one item.":: LOCATES,10:PRJNT"DOW
N arrow moves cursor":: LOCATE9, l
l:PRINT"down one 1tem.":
33S4 LOCATES.12:ATTR2.4 : PRJNT"SH
!FT": : ATIR3 ,2:PR!NT" +UP arrow
moves•: : LOCATE9, lJ: PR! NT"cursor
to top of items.":
33S6 LOCATEB,l4:ATIR2,4 : PRINT"SH
IFT": : ATTR3 .2:PRINT" +DOWN arro
w move s":: LOCATE9 . 15:PRINT"curso
r to end of Hems.":
3388 LOCATE8.16:ATTR2 ,4 :PRI NT"EN
TER": : ATTR3 .2 : PRJNT" selects an
item.":: LOCATES .17 :ATTR2 , 4 : PR! NT
"A": :ATTR3 .2.: PRINT" · ": :ATTR2.4: P
RINT"Z": :ATTR3.2
3390 PRINT" f or 1etter search . " :
: LOCATE8 . 18:ATTR2 ,4: PRINT" ALT"::
ATIR3,2:PRJNT" for word search."
$-""
1394 LOCATE36,0:ATTR1,0:PRINT""
: : EXEC44539: AS-I NKEH : ATTR0, 0 : LO
CATEl.l:PRINT"CTRL - X to ex1t
CTRL-H for he-lp":
1396 FORK-1T015: LOCATE19, S+K: PRI
NT" ": :NEXT:GOT01010
1500 A$•1NKEV$: IFA$-""THEN1500
3044 AS-I NKEVS: I FAS-""THEN3040
3046 I FAS•"@"ORAS-CHRS(lS9JORAS.. •"ORAl-CHRS Cl0)TH EN3040
304S I FAS-CHRS (13 JTHEN3300
3050 I FAS-" "THEN3006
3052 I FAl-"("THENA-360: GOT03010
3054 l FA$-"X" ANDPEEK C342l-191THE
3392 LOCATEB,2~ : PRINT"Hit any ke
y to resume ••• :
3394 LOCATE36,0:ATTR1,0:PRINT" "
: : EXEC44539 : AS-INKEVS: ATTR0, 0: LO
CATEl.l:PRINT"CTRL-X to ex1t
CTRL-H for help":
3396 FORK-lTOlS: LOCATE?, 4+K: PR! N
TSTRING$ C27. 32) : : NEXT: GOT03010
Product Review
You begin by running KwikGen with an
optional memory modifier. (The more
memory you give to KwikGen, the larger
the boot file it will let you edit.)A modpatch
script is included in the manual for increasing the defaultto40K; and up to48Kcan be
allocated on OS-9 Leve.I IJ systems. With
KwikGe11 running, you can either load an
existing boot file from disk or use the boot
file currently in memory. Once the boot file
is loaded, Kwi!.-Gen verifies all modules
contained in it. All modules with an invalid
header parity or module CRC are purged
from the buffer.
KwikGe11 allows you to delete, insert,
move· and even rename modules in the
buffer. If you rename a module, the new
name can be longer than the original name
- up to 26 characters in length . If the new
name is longer than the original name, the
new name is added to tile end of the module.
Two of KwikGen 's bandiest options allow you to "dump" a module from the
buffer or patch it in memory. The moduledump listing is imilar to that provided by
the OS-9 dump command, with the contents
shown in both hexadecimal and ASCil
formats. Patching a module works a little
differently than when using mod patch, but
the technique is similar. With KwikGen you
0
1350 GOSU81040: G-G-1: I FG-0THENG9
1352 GOT01000
1360 GOSU81040: G-G+l: I FG>9THENG1
1362 GOT01000
1380 GOSU81040 : LOCATE0,l:ATIR0,0
: PR! NTSTRI NG$C40, 32 l: : LOCATE10, l
: PRINT"Hel p screen engaged.":: FO
RK-1 T012: LOCATE7, 6+K: ATTR3, 2: PRI
NTSTRINGS ( 26, 32): : LOCA TE34, 7+K: A
TIR0,3
1381 PRINT" " : : ATTR0,0:PRINT" ":
: NEXT: lOCATEe, 19: ATTR0, 3 : PRINTST
RINGSC25,32):
1382. l0CATES.S:ATTR2,4:PRINT"CTR
L" : :ATTR3, 2: PRlNT" + ": : ATTR2 .4:
PRINT"H": :ATTR3.2 : PRINT" for HEL
P screen.":
13S4 LOCATES,9:ATIR2,4:PRINT"CTR
L"::ATTR3,2:PRINT" + "::ATTR2.4:
PRINT"X": :ATTR3.2:PRINT" for MAT
N MENU.":
1386 LOCATES, 10: PRINT"ARROW KEVS
move cursor.": :LOCATES,ll :ATTR2
,4: PR INT"C LEAR":: ATTR3, 2: PRINT"
to back s pac~ . " :
1388 LOCATE8,1 2:ATTR2..4: PRINT"SH
I FT"::ATTR3,2 : PRINT" + "::ATTR2,
4:PRlNT"CLfAR" : :ATTR3,2:PRJNT" t
o delete"; :LOCATE9,13:PRINT"item
.";
y to resume . . . ":
KwikGen: Edit OS-9
Boot Files on the Fly
Have you ever tried to make a new boot
disk with a single-drive system? Yeah, right!
You 'd probably ratller have a tooth pulled
with a pipe wrench . Or how many times
have you wanted to make one small change
to a boot file but found the only way to do
it was to create a completely new hoot disk
from scratch?
Needless to say, creating or modifying a
boot disk isn't the easiest job in the world.
Of course, those who' ve used EZGe11 from
Burke & Burke might say it isn't all that
difficult. The only problem with EZGe11 is
that inserting, moving and deleting modules can be slow, especially if you are using
a floppy-only system. KwikGen from Gale
Force Enterprises (licensed from Sardis
Technologies) provides most if not all of
the functionality of EZGen but works entire! y in memory. This makes the process of
adding, moving and deleting modules lightning fast. Included on the disk are versions
for OS-9 Level I and Il, the CoCo l, 2 and
3, and terminals.
enter the offset within the module to the
byte you want to change. You are then
shown tile current byte at that offset and are
prompted for the new byte. If you want, you
can even enter the data in ASCII fonnat by
preceeding the ASCII character with a single
or double quote. If the ASClJ value is
preceeded by a double quote, the mostsignificant bit of the character is set.
KwikGen allows you to copy the OS-9
Kernel to Track 34. This is especially useful for creating new boot disks or attempting to recover damaged boat disks. And if
this isn 't enough, the package includes
extensive on-line help for all commandsand it's easily accessible.
KwikGen is an especially useful µtiliry
that greatly speeds the process of creating
and altering boot disks. The only thing 1
would add to the package is the ability to
work with non-boot files - perhaps an
allemate write function that doesn' t alter
LSN 0. This could prove useful for creating
customized shells and other fLies containing merged modules. (Gale Force Emer-
prises,P.O. Box66036,StationF, Vancouver, BC V5N 5L4, Canada; $19.95 U.S .
plus $4 S/H.)
-Greg Law
4000 PRINT" Make sure pr1 nter is
on and pos1t-1oned to top of fo
rm and strike any key .•. ":EXEC44
539
4002 POKE65496.0:PRINT/l- 2.CHRS(2
7lCHRS( 77):: POKE65497. 0: RESTORE:
FORK-lT09: REAOAS: NEXT
4004 FORA-1T03: FOR8-lT03: L(B )-0:
NEXT: FORB-1 T040: PS ( B)-"" : NEXT: FO
RK- lT03 : REAOK( K) : NEXT : FORK- 1T03:
FORL-C KC K) -1 )*40+1 TO CKC Kl -1 )*40+
40: I FFC Ll-lTHENLC Kl -LlK) +l
4006 NEXTL,K : lfLCl)•>L(2)ANOLCl l
->LC3lTHENI•LCJ) : GOT04012
4008 I FLC 2 >->LC llAND LC 2 l-> LC 3 lTH
ENl-LC2): GOT04012
4010 IFLC3)->LCJ JANDLC3 l->LC2 JTH
ENI-L(3)
4012 IFJ-0THENNEXTA:GOT030
4014 FORK-1T03:B-0
4016 FORL-(K(K) - 1)*40+1TO(K( K) - l
)*40+40 : I FF( Ll-0THENNEXTL:GOT040
19E LSEB-B+l: CS-1$ ( L): Z-lNSTRC CS,
", "l: I FZ-0THEN401SELSECS-MJOS CJS
CL l .z+l)+" "+LEFTS(U(LJ,Z-1)
4017 l FASC( LEFTS (CS. ll )-32THENCS
·RIGHTS (CS , LEN (CS l -1 l: GOT04017
4018 PS(B)-PSC8l+"
"+Cs+STRJN
GS C20-LEN CCS l. 32 l : NEXTL
4019 I FB< J THENFORL-B+ no I: PS ( L
l-PS ( Ll+STRINGI C24, 32): NEXT
4020 NEXn: POKE65496, 0 : FORK-I TO
I: PRI NTl/- 2. PS( Kl: NEXT : PRJNTl/ -2, C
HRIC13) :POKE65497 ,0 : NEXTA
4022 POKE65496,0:PRINTll- 2,CHR$(2
7lCHRS(l9):: POKE65497 ,0 :GOT030
5000 PRINT" Vou sure? ":
5002 EXEC44539 :AS-I NKEVS: I FASO"
N" ANOAS<> "V"THENSOUNOl. l: GOT0500
2ELSEPRINTAS: EXEC43345: I FAS-"N"T
HEN30
5004 PRINT" Saving memory to dis
k.":PRINT" One moment please .. • "
5006 OPEN"0",/,11."L!ST.OAT".21:FI
ELDl/l, lSASAS. 3ASBS
5010 POKE65496 ,0: FORK-1 T0360 : LSE
TAS-[ SC Kl : LSETBS-MIOS ( STRS CP ( Kl l
,2 l: PUTi/l. K: NEXT : CLS: END
6000 PRINT" Vou sure? ":
6002 EXEC44539:AS-INKEVS:IFAS<>"
N"ANDAS<>"V"THENSOUNOl, l: GOT0600
2ELSEPRINTAS: EXEC43345: I FAS-"N"T
HEN30
6004 PRINT" NO RETURN beyond thi
s po 1ntl l" : PRJNT" Hit ENTER key
to clear disk and
restar
t. Hit ESC to abort • •. "
6006 EX EC44539: AS-I NKEVS : I FAS<>C
HRS( 13lTHENSOUNOl, l: GOT06006ELSE
EXEC43345
600S PRINT" Trashing file .•• " :PO
KE65496 ,0 : Kl LL" LI ST . OAT": RUN
POKE
Proven TechnoloaV__
On the Razor's Edge of !he Color Computer Frontier ....,.. '
OWL WARE Sonware Bundle
Ill our 1011> Tur l
Disk Tutorlal/Utllltles/Gamea
DISK TUTOR Ver 1.1
A DECADlt OJ' SERVIC& TO THE COllPIJ'J'IUl USEJll
Learn how to use your disk drive from
this multi-lesson, machine language
rrogram. This tutor lakes yuu through
your lessons and corrects your mistakes!
for a quick, painless disk drive introduc'tion. (This profo!l.•ionally wriuen lulor'
;is easily worth the bundle's total price.)
486SX•20 SYSTEMS· $.1795.00!
Now You ClUl enter the world of 488 computloi: at a reuooable cootl
the OWL SvPER ATOM· 4811
WCI> Powered ComputlD& from a local, well "tabllalled compaor.
S3Mlb / ll()Mlh 1486 baoed S11tem. with Socket for Wollek CoProceNor
Syotem and Video BIOS In Cache
I.use Tower Ca"" : (83MJU, FCC Cluo B) • (liGMHs, FCC Cluo A)
230 Wall Power Supply A 8 Option Slota
• Syatem Price Includes: 40MB HD, 4MB RAM, Std. Reaolullon Color VGA
Moaltor, Hip ReooluUoo VGA Card,2 Hl1b Denoll)I FD'1, MS DOS 5.0
•
•
•
•
I
$1795
486SX-20 /SA
•
106MB HD Uppade
Add$160.00
$2095
486DX-33 /SA
3-YEAR W
• Super VGA Upgrade
OD
Add$95.00
I
$2695
486DX-SO /SA
TY
all systems!
I
$3595
486DX..SO /USA
lnduc1"1$011clullkar011l>.nln•11Jl..1L.w
Mo1111foclm<:<1 3-kor Wananty oo All llarJ Dm""
~
$1565/$1645
2SJIBs
tOllHs
386-SX Notebook Computers
• 2MBorRAM
$1295/$1349
16MJIS
25111Bs
• 40MB Hord Drive
• Std. Reaolulloo VGA
Cclor Mooltor
• IHlshl>eoallyFD'o
• 101 Keyboard
• MSDOS5.
386-DX Notebook Co111J1u1ta
33MHz, UOMB HO, L«MB FD, 32KB CACJm 4Mll
20Mffz, 60MB HO, UMB FD, 2MB RAM(exp. to
5MB), VGA 6'0X'80 LCD w/32 1ludea of gny. J'orta: 2 RAM(exp. lo 16M8), Std. VGA LCD w/32 gny, Eat.
~yp•d inc:., DOS I< Windows, 7.7LBSI
Ser, 1Fu,1 VGA, DOS I< Windowo, 7.7LBSI
W15.
WJ.S.
OWL COMPUTER SERVICES
5950 Keystone Drive
Bath, PA (215)-837-1917
d' <:haUKids & Us • Rva~
-u-
St on,e Systems
Computers & Games
Pottilow11 AVI., RT. 663
P1n111blU'f (2/S)-679-3389
W11co1•ill1
Call/or Appl. (215)-48/.9715
Muhllnbll'fl Shoppinfl Pliwl
R1adin1l (2/S)-921141540
A copy verify, copy, and DOS utilily.
2GAMES
The Highest Quality for Years of Service
1Wc will select 2 games from our slock.
hcsc arc sold for more than $20 each.
Do nol mis1akc Ibis sort ware with cheap
'" Public Domain" software which olhcrs
offer. All of this sof1warc is copyrighted
and profossiunal in quality. The lulor is
unique with us and has helped
1housands of new users learn their disk
drive.
Drive 0 Systems (Half Height,
Double Sided,
SOLD OUT!
~
WE NEED CONTROLLERS!
~
IF YOU HAVE 502 CONTROLLERS, CALL USI
Drive 1 Systems
(Half Height, Double Sided,
Direct Drives}
2G/40MJb 1186Dll: llued
Sm.all Footprint c...,
FCC Ct... B Approved
200 Wall Power Suppl1
7 El<pauloo Slota
4MBorRAM
40MB Hard Drive
Sid. Reoolutloo VGA
Color Mooltor
• 2 H111b Deooll)r FD'1
• 101 Ke1boarcl
D•
• l&"l6MHs 886SlC Baaed
• SmaU Footprint Cue
• FCC Cl ... B Approved
• 200 Woll Power Supply
• 7 Ezp...Won Biota
•
•
•
•
•
•
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•
3 UTILITIES
Floppy Drive Systems
$115.
New 3.5", 720K Drives for OS-9 with
& Power Supply
$129.
only$27.95
(or even better)
only $6.95 with
any Disk Drive Purchasell
case
SALE!
Drive 1 Systems have drive, case, power supply. (You may require optional cable and/or DOS chip to use)
Special for 0/1 Combos (0, 1,2,3) $199.
(WITHOUT CONTROLLER)
All drives arc new and fully a.~~emhled.
We s~ip only FULLY TESTED and
CERTIFIED at lhesc low prices. We
use Fuji, YE Data, and olhcr fine
brands. No drives arc used or surplus
unless otherwise slaled to you when
you order. We appear lo he the one of
lhc fow advertisers in Rainbow who
can truly make this claim. We have 7
years experience in I he CoCo disk
drive markel! We arc able to provide
support when you have a rrohlem.
I
Drives I Year Warranty
I
Our prices include adiscounl for cash bul
do not include shirping.
OWL·WAAE hU e liberal -""ant)' ,,o'icy. Outing lh• Mrrlllly
pt15od, all de:JK1i'l9 lttml wll be tt:palltd Of ~ II CM
opflo" II no cost lo lhe buytt exeepl fOf 1hipptng com. Clf
ttd'I number fOf rerum. Rtilum of non-dlf-4• ot un·
•utt'io1i1ed r.tum• ar• tubiecl tc- II service c.har~.
QI.If
August1992
8
THE RAINBOW
Forms conttnued from Pag9 1
EXPENSES FOR MONTH
screen . You· u then see a new screen, all of
which is blank - except for the mp line.
which is a reprint of the last line on the
previous screen. To get back to the original
screen, press S three times - Forms cycles
the screens from l through 4. then back
agai n. The current screen is always indicated at the bottom. The ability 10 use four
different screens is also handy for creating
multiple forms on one sheet of paper.
All the key commands supported by
Forms are shown in Figure 2, and we've
covered the use of most of them. The Auto
mode, however, also tlesenres some allention. It can be quite tiring to build a long line
from individual graphic e lements, and most
forms include quite a few such lines. The
· -.' Arr.owi ".•
5
MEDI: CAL
FOOD
CLOTHlNG
MISC.,.
LOANS,
•~
··uz.
,,ft:
P~.i:.wrei!i!cm:n {alli(onr
~- "0~:: ==~:~~~~·~~
{
! ;;;-: -
'
~y
-T:E
!
g~nCl'!!te
.J~-.·-
g(n&ate~
. piece::•,
draw a v.erti.cal line
·dii:w a11oriZ<>nta1 liJiC
c,243
. "" •· 20: 760
2Jri:170
2.w: '.1.Sti
~U2
~ ' "'244
:
-- 260;;:
250;::79!)
~2<>\-;
2:70, 8"l0
18
-
2~:120
r, ~~.::" 2~:':~!>
;•';!S;N
J..[-
c·=
J(lP;c~
31q;.:sso
1
~~:'
Automodemakeslhisjobmucheasier. To r - - - -........--:::-----.-=-=-:::---=----..---.----.......----..---::=----"1
use it, first position the cursor on a blank
space,thenpressAfollowedbytheright
arrow. The program will automalically draw
ahthorizontallincfromthharaecurrentpothsition
to enextnon-spacec
cteror enext
to last screen column. whichever comes
first. The Auto mode works in a similar
fashion for vertical lines - just press A
followed by the down arrow.
Forms is designed for use with a Radio
Shack printer that SUpportS the Tandy printer
codes. The graphics elements and their
corresponding CHRS values are shown in
Figure 3. By correlating these elements
with the IBMEKtended Character Set, it is
possible to modify Forms for use with
Epson/IBM-compatible printers. Line 910
sets the serial-port speed to 4800 bps.
Change or omit lhis poke as necessary for
your printer. Forms runs in the high-speed
mode except when printing - pressing
The Listing: FORMS
l 'FORMS
2 'BY JOHN MUSUMECI
3 ·cOPYRIGHT (Cl 1992
4 ·ey FALSOFT, INC.
5 'RAINBOW MAGAZINE
18 CLEAR7500:WIDTH41l : CLS5
20 PRINT"OO YOU WANT INSTRUCTION
S?
PRESS CY)
IF MOT,
PRESS ANOTHER KEY"
30 ONBRKGOT01110
40 lS•lNKEYS: IF u-·v· THEN 121111
ELSE IF !$•"" THEN 48 ELSE
50 CLS: PRINT"AOJUST PRINTER· PAPE
R PERFORATION
THEN
P
RESS <AMY KEY>"
68 OIHAS(l81): rr-1
711 FORA•l TO llll:AS(A)-STRINGS(S
~a 3 ~ ~~~~~~~$: [ F
1$•""THEN80
90 IF I $·CHR$C 3HHEN1110
1011 HSCREEN1:HCLS5 : HCOLOR2:S•l:C
~toexit~e=amalsoretu:sthe ~i~o~~~o
o lo norm s
- so you o not
need to cut the baud setting in half for
printing purposes. TheTandyprintercodes
inlines940and960settheprinterforhalf·
forwardandfull-forwardlinefeed.
FeelfreetoexperimentwithForms,and
modifyLheprogramtomeetyourindividualneeds-lhavenotyetincludedaSave/
Load feature, though it should be fairly
easy to implement. The text and graphics
elementsarestoredinsimple stringarrays.
Forms is handy program for just about
anyone. I know it has helped me a great
deal.
John Musumeci is a retired TV repairma11 whose sole hobby for the past eight
years has been working with and programming the Color Compu ter. He may be contacted at 103-57 104 Street, Ozo11e Park.
NY 11417, (718) 738-0212 . Please include
an SASE when requesting o reply.
1111
••
.
_:.,
i~?JI;
,. .gedefate .
·--. 1
n
•
CARDS . S
!f~1. . .1'7.!1i,e{a:i~~~~,~~)·r~¥~: Linei
_i . ·[;i40 - ~iilO~ 750
erase-c:har.icter at.cunent ·
sWitclf fo nexts"Creeifr~·
CR.
.......
move.tC> edge"of·SciCeii:
...
...
•
••
••
HEAT
"-'if'" · mqy~~oui1d tire scr~ri:
SBIFT,i.Arrt>wS'"
E
-2.: P·
MORTGAGE OR .
)
:BS-"NLZNUJ":GOTO
47
438
3811 If 1$-"U" OR IS-"u" THEN B-2
41:8$•"NLZNR3":GOTO 438
3le IF !$•"!" OR 1$•"1" THEN 8•2
45 : BS-"ND2NU3":GOTO 4311
320 IF u-·s· THEN 6211
330 IF IS•"E" THEN BS•"C5G2U5RD5
RU5ROSRUSRD5L3U2C2" : 8•32:GOTO 43
e
3411 IF U•CHR$(189) THEN u-e : GOT
0 47e
3511 IF 1$•CHR$(9) THEN GOSUB6111!J :
z-z+l : X-X+6: IF X>316 THEN X-316:
Z-52:GOTO JU ELSE 1411
368 IF l$•CHRSC93) THEN GOSUB60e
: X•316:Z-52 :GOTO 148
378 IF 1$•CHR$C8) THEN GOSU86B0:
~7~o~~Xi~e mE xm THEN X•l0: Z•
3811 IF IS-CH RS( 21) THEN GOSU86118
:X-10:Z•l: GOTO 140
6
..
7~~ ~~ : ~~~~~w~~l~H~~E~o~~~:~~
" .11:05":GOSUB llllll:GOTO 5911
5311 IF IS-CHRS(8) THEN HORAW"BH"
+STRS ( X)+", "+STRS ( Y)+"C5G2U5R05R
U5R05RU5R05L3U2C2" ' HORAW"BM4. II :C
505C2": z-1: x-10: GOTO 6110
5411 Hl0$(AS CAl .Z.ll-U : GOSUB600 :
HPRINT(U,23) .1$
550 IF IS<>CHR$(32l THEN HORAW"B
H"+STRS CXl+". "+STRS CYl+" L2E2F2L2
NU2"
5611 x-x+6:Z-z+l:IF X>316 THEN x316:Z-52
57e HORAW"BM"+STRS ( x )+'', e: 05"
see U-U+l:IF U>39 THEN U-39
59e GOSUB 1030:HPRINT(26,21>.Z:G
OT048e
698 HDRAW"BH"+STRS(X)+" ,8:CSD5C2
":RETURN
618 HDRAW"BMll. "+STRS ( Yl+"C5R6C2"
:RETURN
628 HCLS5
638 IF S-1 THEN C-26:0-Sl:S-2:60
TO 6711
~~8 }: S-2 THEN C-51: D-76: S•3: GO
6
65e IF S-3 THEN C-76 : D-llll:S-4:G
OTO 6711
~6: ~F S-4 THEN C•l : 0-26:S•l : GOT
7
670 XX-10:YY-10
6811 IFTT>3THEN6911ELSEAA-C:GOT0711
II
690 FOR AA-C TO D
7110 FORZZ-lT052
710 I IS-HIDSCAS(AAl.ZZ ,1): N•ASC(
11$)
7211 IF N-32 THEN870
7311 IF M>32 AND N<l28 THEN BS-"L
2E2F2L2NU2" : GOT0860
7411 IF N<240 OR N>2511 THEN8711
750 IF N-2411 THEN BS-"ND2NR3" :GO
T0860
768 IF N-243 THEN BS•"ND2NL2NR3"
:GOTOB611
770 IF N-242 THEN BS-"ND2NL2":GO
m6~ F
N-244 THEN BS•"N02MU3NR3"
: GOTOB60
798 IF N-250 THEN BS-"N02NL2NU3N
:~;'i~T~~~:9
980
1211 GOSUB10110:GOSUB1010 : GOSUB1B2
0 : GOSUB111311:GOSUB10411:GOSUB106B:
GOSU81071il:GOSUB1080:GOSUB10911
130 X•lll:Y•lll:Z•l:A•C
1411 HDRAW"BH"+STRS(X)+".11;05"
150 HDRAW"BHll,"+STR$(Y)+"R6"
1611 GOT0451il
17111$-lNKEYS:IF l$•""THEN1711
1811 IF l$•CHRS(3 ) THEN lllll
191l IF IS•"A" OR IS•"a" THEN GOS
~mHl:HPRINTC 1. 21 l, "AUTO" : GOTO
•C:GOTO 1411 ELSE 140
4011 IF IS-CHR$(95) THEN GOSUB610
:A•C:Y-lll : GOTO 140
410 IF IS•CHRS(lll) THEN GOSU8610
:A•A+l:Y-Y+6 :IF Y>l611 THEN Y-160
:A·D:GDTO 140 ELSE 1411
4211 IF IS·CHRS( 91) THEN GOSU8610
: A•O:Y•160:GOTO 140
4311 HDRAW "BM"+STRSCXl+". "+STRS(
Yl+BS
:~: ~~~~~A~~~~; ~O~~;c~m ~~PRINT
m+~~RAW"BM"+STRSCXX )+", "+STRSC
2011 IF 1$-"P" OR IS- "p" THEN HOR
AW"BM"+STRS( X)+" ,II ; C5D5C2" :HDRAW
"8Mll,"+STRS(Yl+"C5R6C2":GOTO 910
210 IF U-"R" OR U-"r" THEN 8-2
40:8$· "ND2NR3":GOTO 4311
2211 IF 1$•"T" OR 1$•"t" THEN 8•2
43:8$•"ND2NL2NR3":GOTO 430
230 IF IS·"Y" OR !S•"y" THEN 8•2
42:8$• "ND2NL2":GOTO 430
240 IF IS- "F" OR 11-"f" THEN B-2
44 : BS•"ND2NU3NR3":GOTO 430
250 IF IS·"G" OR Il•"g" THEN B-2
51l:BS·"ND2NL2NU3NR3":GOTO 4311
260 IF IS- "H" OR ll•"h" THEN B-2
49:BS•"N02NL2NU3":GOTO 430
270 IF 1$-"V" OR I l•"v" TH EN 8•2
46: BS•"NU3NR3": GOTO 430
280 IF rs-··s· OR [ l•"b" THEN B-2
48 : B$•"NL2NU3NR3": GOTO 430
290 IF IS-"N" OR ll•"n" THE N B-2
(15,2ll.S:HPR!Nl(26.21),Z: HPRJNT
(36 ,21) .A
460 GOTO 170
470 GOSUB llllll : HPRINT(l,21),"TEX
T"
480 IS•INKEYS: IF IS•"" THEN 480
4911 IF IS-CHR$(189) OR 1$-CHRSCI
3) THEN GDSUB1050:GOSUB 11110:HPR
INT<ll .21 l. "GRAPHIC":GOTO 170
5011 IF IS-CHRS(94) OR IS-CHRS(l0
) THEN 480
Sllil IF IS•CHRS(9) THEN GOSUB601l:
Z•z+l:X•X+6:HORAW"BH''+STRS(X)+",
0:05 " :IF X} 316 THEN X-316:Z•52:G
OTO 590 ELSE 5911
520 IF IS•CHRI ( 8 )ANDZ > ITHENHDRAW"
BM"+STRSCX · 6 )+", "+S TRSC Y>+"C5G2U
5RD5RU5RD5RU5RD5L3U2C2": GOSUB601l
: MIDI ( Al (A) , Z· 1.1)·CHRS(3 2) : U· Ul:Z·Z· l:X-X-6:HDRAW"BM"+STR S( X)+
870 XX-XX+6:NEXT ZZ:YY-YY+6:XX-l
11
880 IF TI<4 THEN 91111
890 NEXT AA
900 TT•TT+l:GOT0120
910 POKE150, 7: '***BAUD RATE***
920 POKE65496,0: '***SLOW-DOWN PO
KE***
930 FOR AA•l TO 7:PRINTl/ · 2:NEXT
AA
9411 PRINTll · 2.CHR$(27);CHRSC28):'
***HALF -FORWARD LINE FEED* 0
9511 FOR AA-1 TO llll:PRINTll - 2,TAB
C14 l ;A$(AAl:NEXT AA
960 PRINTl/ -2: PRINTl/-2,CHRS(27);C
HRIC 54)
970 FOR AA-1 TO 7: PRI NTll· 2: NEX T
AA
9811 POKE65497. 0 : '***H I GH SPEED P
OKE***
:GOT08611
810 IF N-246
T0868
820 IF N•24B
:GOT08611
. 830 If N·247
T0860
840 IF N•241
T0860
8511 IF N-245
THEN BS•"ND2NL2NU3"
THEN BS-"NU3NR3" : GO
THEN BS•"NL2NU3NR3"
THEN BS•"NL2NU3" : GO
THEN 8$•"NL2NR3":GO
THEN BS-"N02NU3"
August 1992
THE RAINBOW
990 GOTO 120
1000 HDRAW"BM0, 164: R319DL319": RE
TURN
1010 HLINE (0,166)-(55.175l.PRESE
T.BF:RETURN
1020 HLINE(126,166) - (136,177l,PR
ESET, BF: RETURN
1030 HLINE(210,166)-(234,177),PR
ESET ,BF:RETURN
1040 HLINE(290,166)-(319,177l.PR
ESET, BF: RETURN
1050 HDRAW"BM0, 184 :C5R319DL319DR
319DL319DR319DL319DR319DL319C2":
RETURN
1060 HPR!NT(0,21),"GRAPH!C" : RETU
RN
1070 HPR!NT(9,21),"SCREEN":RETUR
N
10B0 HPRINTC20.2ll."ACROSS" : RETU
RN
1090 HPRINT<32,21) ,"DOWN" :RETURN
1100 HORAW"BM"+STR$( U*8)+" .191 :C
5UBRDBRU8RD8RUBRDBC2": RETURN
1110 POKE65496.0:WIDTH 32:END
1120 IF M!0$(AS(Al.Z.ll<>CHRS(32
) THEN GOSU81010: GOSUB1060: GOTOl
70
1130 JS-INKEYS:IF IS-"" THEN 113
0
1140 IF JS-"A" OR U•"a" THEN GO
SUB 1010 : GOSUB1060 : GOT0170
1150 IF IS•CHRS(9) AND X<>316 TH
EN HDRAW"BM"+STR$ ( X)+". "+STRS (Y)
+"NL2NR3BR6": MIDS (AS (A). Z, l)•CHR
s (241): GOSUB600: z-z+ 1: x-X+6 : HORA
W"BM"+STRS(X)+",0;D5":GDTO 1180
ELSE IF !S•CHRS(9) THEN GOSUB 10
10: GOSUB1060: GOTOl 70
1160 IF IS•CHRS(l0) THEN HDRAW"B
M"+STRS ( Xl+", "+STRS ( Yl+"ND2NU3BD
6": HIDHAS(A) ,z, l)•CHRSC245): HOR
AW"BM0, " +STRSCY )+"C5R6C2" :A•A+l:
Y•Y+6: GOT01190
1170 GDT01130
1180 IF MID$CA$ ( A) , Z,l)<>CHR$(32
) OR X-316 THEN GOSUB 1010:GOSUB
1060:GOTO 170 ELSE 1150
1190 IF M!DS(AS(A),Z.ll<>CHRS(32
) DR A•D THEN GOSUB 1010:GOSUB10
60:Y-10:A-C : GOTD150 ELSE1160
1200 CLS: LOCATEll .0: PR! NT"GRAPH I
C MODE" : PRINT
1210 PR!NT"PRESS":LOCATE25.2 : PR!
NT" FUNCTION"
1220 PR!NT:PRJNT"ARROWS":LOCATEl
5.4:PRINT"MOVE AROUND SCREEN"
1230 PRJ NT"SHIFT I ARROWS" : LOCATEl
5, 5: PRINT"MOVE TO EDGES"
1240 PRJNT"E":LOCAT£15,6:PRINT"T
0 ERASE"
1250 PRINT"P" : LOCATE15, 7 : PRINT"T
0 PRINTER"
1260 PRJNT"S":LOCATE15,8 : PRINT"G
OTO NEXT SCREEN"
1270 PRINT"CTRL": LOCATE15,9 : PRIN
T"ENTER TEXT MODE"
12B0 PRINT"A":LOCATE15,10:PRINT"
ENTER AUTO MODE"
1290 PRINT:PRINT"R,Y.V,N":LOCATE
l5,12:PRJNT''DRAW CORNERS"
1300 PRINT"T,F,H,B":LOCATE15,l3 ;
PRINT"DRAW T's"
13Hl PR!NT"G":LOCATE15,14:PRINT"
DRAW CROSS"
1320 PR!NT"J":LOCATE15.15:PRINT"
DRAW VERT. LINE"
1330 PR!NT"U"; LOCATElS, 16: PR! NT"
DRAW HORIZ. LINE"
1340 PR!NT:PR!NT"DO NOT DRAW A G
RAPHIC OR CHARACTER OVER ANOTHER
GRAPHIC OR CHARACTER WITHOUT
ERASING FIRST."
1350 LDCATE12,22 : PRINT"PRESS ANY
KEY"
1360 1$-INKEY$:IF IS•'"' THEN 136
0
1370 HSCREENl : HCLS5 : HCOLOR2
1380 HPRINT(8,l),"0RAWING INGRA
PHIC HOOE"
1390 H-B3 ; V-44: FOR X-1 TO 5: HCI R
CLE(H, V) ,l0:H•H+40: NEXT X
1400 H-92:V•9l:FOR X·l TO 3:HCIR
CLE(H.V),10:H-H+40:NEXT X
1410 H·l00:V•147 : FOR X•l TO 3:HC
!RCLE(H,V),10:H•H+40:NEXT X
1420 HPRINT(!0,5),"R":HPRINT(!5 ,
5). "T": HPRINT< 20, 5 l. "Y": HPRINT< 2
5.5), "U":HPRINT(30,5J. "I"
1430 HPRINT<ll.ll)."F" : HPRINTC16
.11 ). "G" : HPRI NT( 21.11 ) , "H"
~lt<all~ NX-1020
This CoCo compatible NX-1020 system sets new standards In color
printer performance ... 225 cps, 4 NLO fonts including Script, plus a
high speed draft font; but the enhancements don't stop there, Add a
16k buffer.aspecial quiet mode.1op feed. bottom and rear tractor.and
the llst goes on. Seven on-demand colors, B color graphic modes,
-Epson and IBM emulation for maximum software compatibility.
Virtually everything desired In a printer Is here - speed. color and
versatility at an affordable price with a 2 year warranty.
1440 HPRINT02.18J , "V":HPRINT07
, 18). "B" :HPRINT( 22, lB), "N"
1450 HPRINT(l2,21)."(KEYBOARDJ":
HPRINT(9,23). "PRESS ANY KEY TO C
ONT."
1460 HPRINT<0.3),"dr•ws -> ":HDRA
W" BMB0, 30 ;U6R6BR37 N06NL3R3BR40NL
6 LD6BU3BR35 R6BR37 NU303"
1470 HPRINTC0,9J,"dr•ws -> ":HORA
W"BM92. 75: NU3ND3NR6B R40NL3NU3NR3
N03BR40NL3NU3ND3"
1480 HPRINT(0,16), "draws ->":HOR
AW"BM100 , 133: NU6R6BL3BR37N L3NR3N
U6BR37R6U6"
1490 IS•! NKEH: IF IS•"" THEN 149
0
1500 WIDTH40
1510 LOCATE13,0:PRINT"TEXT MODE"
1520 PRINT: PRINT" ENTER TEXT AS Y
OU NEED TO, AT ANY TIME." : PR!NT"
BACK -S PACE. TO CORRECT."
1530 PRINT"WHEN DONE. PRESS <ENT
ER> OR <CTRL> . "
1540 PRINT : PRINT"DO NOT ENTER TE
XT DIRECTLY BE LOW OTHER TEXT Wl
THOUT SKIPPING A LINE BECAUSE TH
EPRINTER JS IN HALF - FORWARD LINE
FEED ANO WIL L PRINT OVER PART 0
F CHARACTERS - "
1550 PRINT"GRAPHICS CAN BE ENTER
ED BETWEEN TEXT
WITHOUT PROBL
EMS."
1560 LOCATE8,21:PRINT"PRESS ANY
KEY TO CONT . "
1570 1$•INKEY$:1F !$•"" THEN 157
0
1580 CLS: LOCA TE1 3, 0: PR! NT" AUTO M
ODE"
1590 PRINT:PRJNT"PRESS CA) TO RE
TURN, BEFORE USING, ELSE:"
1600 PR!NT:PRINT"PRESSING RIGHT/
ARROW KEY WI LL DRAW A
HOR I Z.
LINE FROM THAT POINT TO NEXT TO
LAST COLUMN . "
1610 PRINT:PRINT"PRESSJHG DOWN/A
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THE RA INBOW
August 1992
10
OS-9/68000 should be placed in the Applications (6809) database, at least for now.
The same rule applies to the following two
,.~· - _ _ _ _ _ _
Delphi
topic pairs.
,.,... ,
- - -Hure ..u1
Telecom (6809) and OSK Telecom:
These topics are self-descriptive. Any file,
programs, or data related to telccommunicating belongs here. This includes Bulletin
Board Systems (BBSs), file-transfer protocols such as Kennit, terminal programs,
and any utilities that are telecommunicaLast month I promised to describe what tions oriented.
kinds of files are stored in each database in
System Modules (6809) and OSK
the OS-9 SIG, now that the database reor- System Mod ules : Patches and updates to
ganization is completed. Most of the data- the operating system reside here. A patch
base names are self-descriptive, but there for AciaPak belongs here-even though it
are always some files that defy classifica- is used for relecommunications - because
tion. In figures I through 4. I've listed the Ac1 a Pak is a system module. Custom driv.--- - - -- - -- - - -- - - ..... .-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . .
Announcements
BBS
Archives
Doors
Patches
Humor
News
Protocols
Reviews
Terminal Programs
Update
UUCP
,j~
it.-~ = . -----
Graphics applies here: Do 11ot upload copy-
righted digitized sounds.
Programmers Den: This databa<e topic
is where budding programmers can find
new libraries, programming tools such as
make and 1ex, disassemblers, program
skeletons, compilers and interpreters, programming demos designed to give programming tips, and documentation to any
of the above. Basically, anything designed
to make a programmer' s life easier should
be uploaded here.
T utor ials & Education: Beginners and
people trying to do something for the first
time (such as install Multi-Vue or program
in C) should look here to find help. You can
find articles describing disk fragmentation
(and bow to avoid it), an introduction to
OS-9 , help configuring your floppy drives,
a tutorial explaining how to upload to the
databases, a new OS-9 he 1p utility and
many more useful groups.
Standards: This is the emptiest database in the OS-9 SIG. If you are uploading
information about an existing or proposed
standard, this is where it belongs. Thus,
information about the Ymodem protocol
Figure 1: Primary Keywords
Figure 3: Pr.imary Keywords
should be uploaded here, but information
for ~neral Information
for T elecom (6809)
.__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __. ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' about a program inplementing Ymodem
OS-9 SIG Database
Primary Keywords
primary keywords for severru of the databases. The remaining databases - Standards, Games & Graphics, Music & Sound,
Programmers Den. OSK Applications, OSK
Telecom, OSK System Modules, and Tutorials & Education - don' t have primary
keywords set up yet. I will report the rest as
they are finalized.
The primary keywords should give you
a general flavor of what kinds of files belong in each database topic. I'll add some
prose to describe the contents of each topic:
New Up loads: Do not upload files to
this topic! This database is a temporary
staging area where all new database groups
appear for about a month (a little bit longer
if I'm unusually busy at work, alittlebit less
when l catch up at the end of the month, but
always long enough so that people who
check in at least once a month have to check
only one database). Submit your group to
the database you want it moved to after it
bas spent a month in New Uploads.
General Information: This is the database to check for product information, as
product announcements and reviews belong here. General Information is also the
"everything else" database, containing
random news, humor, politics, and other
stuff that doesn 't quite tit in any other
database.
Applications (6809) and OSK A pplications : These are the " meat-and-potatos"
database topics for 6809- and 68000-based
OS-9 users,respectively. This is where you
will find file archivers, c8lculators, calendar programs, disk utilities, analysis tools,
editors, spn:adsheets, and other applications and utilities. Note that some applications and utilities are located in other database topics. A graphics digitizer should be
placed in Games & Graphics; terminal
programs belong in the Telecom databases.
Patches for any program that belongs in this
topic should also be placed here. For example, a parch for DynaCalc, which is an
application, belongs here. A group containing executables for both OS-9/6809 and
Archiveis
Database
Patches
Productivity
Text Processing
Utilities
Figure 2: Primary Keywords
for Applications (6809)
belongs in one of the Telecom topics.
Disk I/O
Parallel Communications
Serial Communications
Screen Drivers
Speciality (other)
Figure 4: Primary K eywor ds
for System M odules (6809)
ers and enhancements to OS-9 are stored
here as well .
Games & Graphics: Graphics files such
as VEF and GIF images belong here, as do
the programs that allow you to view them.
You must have the right to upload any
picture files, however. Do not upload a
digitized news photo or a picture from a
magazine or cartoon: these picrures are
copyrighted. Games also belong in this
database. If you upload a picture file, please
put the type of picture file at the end of the
group name. Here is an example:
MARINE CORPS EMBLEM ( VEFl
DATA JAN-92 BRWOOLSTRUH
The above example broaches another topic:
meaningful group names. Brian W oolstrum
could have named bis group USMC. VEF. The
name he gave above is much more meaningful; it describes exactly what is drawn. If
you upload a data file for a game, such as
R.ick Adams' OAJ, then follow the group
name with ( OA I l, as above.
You may notice that there is only one
Games & Graphics database topic. Uploads
for both OS-9/6809 and OS-9/68000 belong here. If your program or data is useful
only on a 68000-based system or on any
single computer, mention this in the group
description and add an appropriate keyword. If your program runs on any 68000based computer, then the keyword OSK is
sufficient. Thesamerulesapplytoall of the
following topics.
M u sic & Sound: Any program or data
that creates, plays, digitizes or reproduces
sound or music belongs here, just as the
topic name suggests. In this topic, you find
scores of UltiMusE fi.les and many digitized sounds, as well as the programs to play
them. Any MIDI-related programs belong
here, such as MIDI parch editors for synthesizers. Also, any documentation related to
music, sound, MIDI, or programs belonging here should be placed in this database
topic. The same rule applying to Games &
You will notice files in the databases
that do not follow the rules as stated above.
Deciding which topic a group belongs to
can be confusing at times. As Greg Law and
I find files that belong in a different topic,
we will move them. lf you have trouble
deciding which topic to upload your group
to, you may want to see what is already in
the database topics you are trying to decide
between. Greg Law uploaded ALPHA DIRECTORY, which conrains a full directory of
each database topic with descriptions of
each group in each topic. Be warned that
this file is about 340K after it is decompressed!
March 1992 Uploads
In the General Information database,
James Jones (JEJONES) and Marty
Goodman (MARTYGOODMAN) uploaded
some very exciting information about the
Hitachi 6309 chip - a drop in replacement
for the 6809. The 6309 has some hidden
features that could prove very useful. Rick
Ad ams (RICKADAMS) released some utilities that manipulate a disk's granule allocation table. While these utilities can be very
useful, use them with extreme caution! As
with any disk editor, you can easily corrupt
your disk.
C harles West (SANDRIDER) released the
DS-9SIG
COMPRESS 4 . 3:COMPRESSJON UTILITY
INFO ON UPGRADE2. 5 PATCH KIT
DONAI.DLF
Les Lie Donaldson
6309 UNMASKED 1
MARTYGOODMAN
Marty Goodman
HITACHI 6309 CPU lNFO
JEJONES
James Jones
FILE ALLOCATION TABLE UTILITIES
RICKADAMS
Rick Adams
INVENTORY PROGRAM · DEMO
MOHRT
Tim Mohr
TICKLE: REMINDER SYSTEM
RICKGRA Y
Rick Gray
CAL2TEXT: DYNACALC FILE FIXER
SIMHRUBIK
Sim Hrubik
ADDLF - ADD LI NE FEED UT! LI TY
JMLSOFT
Sim McDowclt
CALC: SIMPLE CALCULATOR
RICKULAND
Ric.k Ultand
TELEPHONE LOG, ETC.
Jim Hrubik
1IMHRUB!K
SEE: TEXT FI LE VIEWER
Jim Manning
GROW : GARO EN I NG PROGRAM
Phillip Voucrs
Michael Peuacci
DYNACALC BUSINESS TEMP LATES
JlMHRUBIK
Jim Hrubik
TIHECARD : PUNCH THAT CLOCK!
JIMHRUBIK
Sim Hrubik
GOALCHART: STUDENT GOALS
JIMHRUBIK
Jim Hrubik
MERGE MODULES INTO BK BLOCKS
RAJNMAKER
Appllcatlons (6809)
GOOCH I
Eddie Kuns is pursuing a docroraie in
physics at Rutgers University. He lives in
Aurora, Illinois, and works as a programmer and researclur al Fermi/ab. Eddie is
the OS9 Online database mamnager; his
username is EDDIEIWNS
PEfR.AS 1
General lnfonnation
JIMBM
latest version of Ron Bihlcr's RiBBS,
Version 2 .02S. RiBBS is a Fidonet-compatible CoCo BBS. In the System Modules
(6809) topic, E ugene Anderson (OIGEN40)
uploaded a patch to In 1 t that allows you to
place the CC3Go module in your CMDS directory rather than in your OS9Boot file; you
recover about a page (256 bytes) of OS-9
system space by doing this, because you
make your OS9Boot file smaller. Matthew
Thompson (MATHUMl'SON) announced the
new SCSI hard disk drivers that he is working on. These drivers support 512-byte
sectors.
R ichard Kott k e (RICHKOTTKE)
uploaded a public domain Motorola floating-point math subroutine library module
for OS-9/6809. Richard also submitted a
cross assembler written in BASIC09 for the
Intel 8051 microcontroller. In the OSK
Applications to pic, Mike H a ala nd
(MIKEHAALAND) released fstat, similiar
to the Multi-Vue version of fstat, that
shows a file's file-descriplor information.
Bryan Clingman (BRYANC) uploaded
MicroEmacs 3.JJ C - the latest version
available. John Donaldson (VAXELF) submitted a description of the OS-9/68000
F$Rename Set Status call that was released
onto USENet by Microware.
In the Standards topic, Ed G resick
(EDEL.MAR) submitted a proposed printer
standard for OS-9/68000 PrintCap,
similiar to Termcap.
The CoCo SlG databases were unusually slow during March. Marty Goodman
published the 6309 secrets article in the
Source for 6809 Assemblers topic. This is
the same article he posted to the OS-9 SIG
General Information database. In the Utilities & Applications topic, De nver P a ge
(DENPAG) released an updated version of
DISKUTILITIES. This program allows you
to copy, move, delete, and rename files, or
just erase an entire disk. You can also use
the program to scramble a directory, making the disk unusable until you unscramble
the directory. Richard McNabb (RICKMAC)
uploaded PRINTOUT-aprogram that dumps
32-, 40- or 80-column text screens to your
printer.
Edwanl J. Niklas
UNLZH ES: DECOMP LHAILHARC FILES
Nonnan Rheawne
GSDRT: MULTJVUE DIRECTORY SORT
COGITATR
WOAY
Jim Martin
ALARM : ALARM CLOCK COHHAND
RICHKO'ITKE
Richard Kottke
Telerom (6809)
RIBBS V2.02S SHAREWARE BBS
SANDRIDER
Charles West
TODAY : UPDATED H1STORY FI LES
BSCHWING
Baron Schwing
System Modules (6809)
lNITPCH: FOR CC3GO IN CMDS DIR
01 GEN40
Eugene Anderson
80 COLUMN /TERM WINDOW
EARIBER
Shawn Driscoll
NEW WINDOW DEVICES
NEW GCAL FOR MULTIVUE
EARTH.ER
DKINDBERG
512 - BYTE COCO SCS I ANNOUNCEMENT
Darren Kindberg
Shawn Driscoll
August 1992
THE RAINBOW
MATilOMPSON
Matlhew Thompson
11
Feature Program
Games & Graphics
MM/l RAYTRACEO GRAPHICS
MlKEHAALAND
Mike Haaland
Programmers Oen
FLOATING POINT MATH MODULE
RICHKO'ITKE
Richllrd Kouke
8051 ASSEMBLER
RICHKOTIKE
Richurd Kottke
Coco Makes a
Quick Note Taker
I
I
OSK Applications
GIFSHOW 2 . 0 EO.
FOR THE MM/l
MIKEHAALAND
Mike Haaland
LllARC VI. 03
Mike Haaland
MCKEHAALAND
FSTAT: FILE STAT. UTILITY
MlKEHAALAND
Mike Haaland
M!C ROEMACS 3. UC EX ECUTABL E
BRYANC
Bryan Clingman
MICRO EMACS 3. llC
Bryan Clingman
BRYANC
1991 US TAX TEMPLATE {FORM 1040)
KSCALES
Ken Scales
RENAME SETSTAT FOR OSK 2.4
VAXELF
John Donuldson
GCC MEMORY BUG PATCH
VAXELF
John Donaldson
PEARLS Vl. 02
PAGAN
Stephen Carville
OSK System Modules
XWINDOWS (XllR4) DEMO KIT
THEFERRET
Philip Brown
E
a
d is a "quickie" 32-column screen
edHor - it allows you to type text on
32-by- l 6 screen a.n<l save that text to disk.
The program is great for "joning down"
quick notes. (Since the program uses the
32-column screen, it is also ideally suited
for use with the T P- 10 printer; I use PRT
from the February 1990 issue of TIJE RAINBOW.)
The idea behind Ed is simple: 1be Color
Computer (any model) stores its 32-column screen text in memory locations 1024
through 1535 ($400 th rough $5FF). Line
70 saves these locations in binary format .
Once you'vesaved the text, all you need to
do is load the file as a machine-language
program and the text reappears onscreenthe text is placed directly into screen
memory.
Ed was written for the
CoCo 3 and is designed
foruse with a disk drive.
But the program is easy to modify for tapebased CoCos - simply change SAVEM to
CSAVEMand LOA DMto CLOADM. Coc o land 2
users can make use of the general idea
presented, but you must delete Linc JOand
insert a check for a save-and-quit key other
than BRRAK. You can use preny much any
key-just make sure you won't need it for
the text you want to enter.
I hope you enjoy this simple screen
editor. ! find it casierand less bothersome at
times than loading a word processor. Since
it loads in a flash and i so easy to use, Ed is
ideal for writing quick notes and shopping
I
-----===
lists. I'm sure you 'II
fi nd other uses for it as well.
I
----1
Trevor Boehm is a 1e111h grade student
whose greatest passion is challenging
compurers wirh new programs. He has
par1icipa1ed i11 several science fairs and
has received numerous awards for his work.
He ca11 be contacted al 77 fllwood Cres.,
Winnipeg, MB R2Y IA2, Canada. Please
include an SASE when reques1ing a reply.
Standards
PRJ NTER CONTROL
Ed Grcsick
EDELMAR
CaCaSIG
The Listing: ED
Source fo r 6809 Assemblers
6309 REVEALED!
MARTYGOODMAN
U tiliti~s
Marty Goodmwi
& Appl icaUuns
DISK UTILITIES
Denver Page·
DENPAG
TEXT SCREEN PRJ NTOUT
RICKMAC
Richard McNabb
1 'EP 1. 0 LO RES SCRCCN [OJTOR
2 ' BY TREVOR BOEHM
3 'COPYRIGHT (C) 1992
4 'BY FALSOFT, ! NC.
5 'RAIN BOW HAGAZI NE
~~o~~;~ml3. 0: PA LETT El~. 63: ONBR
EVOR BOEHM":PR!NT"<C> 1991 BY FA
LSOFT , INC.•: PRINT" ALL RlGHTS RE
SERVED."
30 LINEINPUT"F!LENAME»"; FS
40 PRI NT"PRESS THE <BREAK> KEY T
0 SAVE":FORX-1T01000: NEXT
20 CLS:eRJNT"EO 1.0":PRINT"LORES
TEXT SCREEN EDITOR": PRI NT"BY TR
60 PR I NTlNKEYS ::GOT060
70 SAVEMFS. 1024, 1535,1024
80 PR! NT" USE THE COMMAND:": PR ! NT
: PR! NT" LOADM"+CH RS {34 )+FS+CHR S( 3
4 ): PRI NT:PRl"NT" JO SEE T~E FI LE"
90 EXEC44539: RUN
s0 els
~
( CoCo III Tool Kit )
Disk
Commands
Baclc11p, lnltlallu,
DluctorJ, Verl/J, Compare,
S1arch, EdU, Erase, Spud
Tisi, Slip Rat1 Tut, Gran
Table AnalJ&ll & R1palr
File
Commands
Arclv., CopJ, Kill, Rename,
Erase, View, EdU, Print,
Compare, Salvage, Search,
VerlfJ, Tut Arclv1, UnXmodem Send/Rec.
Arclv1,
Coco Tools is a comprehensive set of disk utilities, providing the most
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Comparable in scope and functionality to that of the famous utility
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Coco Tools provides fast and easy operation of standard DOS commands
like Copy, Rename, Kill, Disk Initialize and Directory thru a consistent
and easy to use interface. It provides easy visual selection of files, so
multiple file operations can be carried out with very few keystrokes.
Coco Tools is also the most Comprehensive Disk Repair program
availuble, it Automatically diagnosis and repairs file allocation errors,
locates corrupt directory information and cross linked files . It provides
fast and easy recovery of deleted files without the drudgery normally
associated with killed file recovery. It also does lightning fast disk I/O for
fast Backup and Copying at speeds you thought only higher priced
computers could perform.
Coco Tools bas multi-file Arciving, UnArciving and Test Arciving functions plus the ability to extract any
selected group or individual files from a compressed file with easy visual
file selection.
And allows customizing of display colors, printer/Serial
baud rate, Drive step rates and Directory sorting preference. Coco Tools
requires a 128K Coco Ill, l Disk drive and an 80 column display $49.95
To order by VISA, MASTERCARD or COD
Call Toll Free 1-800-383-8529
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To order by mail, send check or money order for the amount of
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JWT Enterprises
Optjmjze 1Jtilitv Set 1: Optlmlze your disks by ellmlnattng fragmented Illes
and compacttng your dlrcctorteo for faster Jlle acceaa. Running time averages one
hour. Also Includes a utility to assess Ole fragmentallon and directory fragmentation as well as excess directory padding. Can work In conjunction With Burke &:
Burke's repack utility. Look for upcoming review In Rainbow. $29.95: ll'o.reiCD
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Optjmjze JJtjljty Set 2; Contains two programs to check the Integrity of your
disks. Detect and correct any directory or flle s tructure e rrors. Run periodically
and before any optimizations to Insure the rcUablllty of your data. Look for upcoming review In Rainbow. $19.911; ll'onlg.n Poata11e, add $3.00
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Njpe-Tjmes; Each Issue contains: 9 helpful and useful programs to help build
your OS-9 IJbraiy • Instructions, examples. and samples of Baslc09 procedures
and subroutines to help with your own programs and your understanding of
Bas!c09 • C programs and programmlng examples • Hints, Help columns, and
Informative articles to advance your knowledge of 05-9 • SupplJcd totally of 5.25"
disk• Bound manual sent to each new subscriber for help In getting Nlne-Thnes
up and running, as well as tips on u sing It With a ram dtsk or hard disk • All
graphic/joystick Interface for ease of use. One Yeu Subacripdon, $34.95;
Cuuullan Poataee. add $1.00: Forelp Poetaae. add $8.00
Back Issues: Available for the May
1989 through November 1991 Issues. Please
write for Informa tion on Back Issue con Lents. $7 .00 each; Forelp Poatage, add
$2.00 each
Maeazine Source; Due to many !nq utrtes , the sou rce code for the magaztne
graphic presentation shell ls being provided as an Informational tool. Included ts
the actual B.-..slc09 source rode and compiled mod ules on disk, as wclJ as documentation and a printed copy of the source code. $25.95: ll'orelp Poatage, add
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RAINBOW
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"'"
Sorry. no C.O.D.'s or c:n:dll carrls: Foreign & Canadian orders. please use U.S. monq ordcn.
U.S. checks, allow 6-8 weeks for receipt of first issue/back issue.
12
THE RAINBOW
August 1992
Key Frames continued from Page 1
Going Ahead With the Computer
Computer animation is simply a process
by which a set of graphics lines and/or
points are made to move from one location
t.o another. In computerized key-frame
animation, the animator defines the points
in two critical frames and the computer is
u ed to compute the point locations between pairs of points in the starting and
ending frames.
In a conventional animated story there
are many sets of key frames, requiring
hours of tedious band drawings. Given the
resources, the challenge when using a
computer is to create interesting animation
in spite ofthecomputer'sartifacts resulting
from linear interpolation. Both approaches
reqnire several ' tweens for smooth animation, but a hand-drawn line is always
smoother than a curve as seen on a computer monitor.
Let's look at an application of key-frame
interpolation. We ' II use the technique to
transform a simple square into a diamond
shape. Figure I shows the two key frames
along with one in-between frame. One
"rule" of key-frame animation is that there
must be the same number of poims in the
starting and ending frames. The secret is to
choose the positions of these vertices carefully. The illusion shown in Figure 1 i
deceptive. The eye sees only the four vertices in the starting and ending frames .
However, the object in each frame really
contains six points.
Figure 2 shows two techniques for hiding the extra vertices necessary for this
animation example. Point 4 does not show
in the bottom line of the square object
(starting frame) because it i in line (colinear) with points 3 and 5. In the end frame,
showing the diamond, points 1 and 2 have
converged into Lhe san1e spot, so Liley appear to be one point in the last frame.
Also illustrated by figures 1 and 2 is the
importance of placing the points and shapes
in such a way that the changes between
shapes flow in an interesting pattern. Thi
takes time to design , and it is a necessary
part of the an of computer animation that is
not handled the same way for traditional
animation.
Were we actuaJJy animating the transfom1a1ion from a square to a diamond, we
would use more than one in-between frame.
The number of frames used affects how
slowly and smoothly the change appears to
take place.
Linear vs. on-linear Movement
To better understand the application of
key-frame interpolation, let' s look at bow
we can smoothly move an object from one
place to another. A single point will do
nicely and suffers no loss of generality. To
move the point from a . tarting position roan
eod position, we might divide the distance
between the two po itions imo four equal
parts. This means the point will appear in
five different positions, each a t a different
time (see Figure 3).
Dividing the distance from the starting
to end positions into equal parts results in
smooth even movement. Not only that but
it is easy to program. However, the resu lts
of this approach are not always desirable.
Smooth movement is the reason "flying"
logos on television are not very exciting.
Indeed, cartoons often rely on irregular
speeds for humorous effect.
The human visual system detects fine
differences in acceleration and deceleraLion, and Lhe brain uses these distinctions as
clues for understanding what we see. Very
regular movement is more mechanical than
natural, so simple computer animation is
often more succes ·ful with subjects that
don't need to move naturally or follow tbe
laws of physics (e.g .. bouncing balls).
Simple non-linear timing differences (in
this case , deceleration) can be achieved
with our moving-point example by halving
the distance moved at each frame (see Figure 4). From a programming viewpoint,
one way this can be accomplished is by using a two-dimensional array.
Of course most animated objects are not
limited to either horizontal or ve nical
movement. (It would be quite boring if they
were.) To achieve diagonal movemenr we
can divide both the x (hoiizootal) and y
(vertical) distances into the same number of
even divisions (see Figure 5). Notice, however, the divisions don 'tbave to be the same
start
4
0
erd
start
5
1
• •
1
0
1-A-1-s-1-c-1~0-1
erd
4 5
0
0
1-A-1-e-t•c-1-.1
D
B• t A, C• I B. O• tC
Fibrure 4: Non.linear Sp11clng Belweeo
'Kef fr:imes
Figure J: Five Positions of the Point
y5
0
0
•
y,
x,
x.
x.
Xs
Figure 5: Computing hange on a Diagonal
size -Lllercquircment is that
ioiz. wt
the number of divisions be
merge /dd/s,Ys/stdfon:s >l w4
equal.
disp l ay lb 20 08 00 oo 28 18 07 Da Oa >Jw4
Keep in mind the foregosllel l 1•1w4!
ing di cussion applies to tin1e
as well as distance. For exFigure 6: Procedure fo Create Window 4
ample, we can make the
moving point appear ro slow
down by decreasing the distance between is a BASIC program that runs on any CoCo
successive frames and/or by increasillll the with at least l 6K nnd Ex.tended BASIC.
amount of time it takes to reach each fran1e Enter the program and save it to tape or
in the series . Tt rakes a little experience to disk. If you don ' t have a CoCo 3, however,
play the trade-offs and obtain smooth re- remove lines 10 and 20 before running the
sults; and the best way to get experience is program. Further, if you r CoCo I or 2 does
to experiment.
oot work well with 1.he high-speed poke,
remove Line 30 as well. Note tha1Line240
Variations and Other Consider ations
creates a delay to reduce screen flicker - if
In addition to using non-linear distances/ you run the program without the hightiming, consider moving the entire object speed poke, you should remove this line,
across the s~Teen while iL trnnsforms. Espe- too.
cially effective on the CoCo 3 might be to
When you run KEYF.BAS, you are
change palettes between frames. FinaUy, prompted for the number of divisions. Enter
having several shapes appear to change and a nw11ber from between 0 and 40; smaller
recombine i more work, but it looks very numbers decrease the number of frames,
increasing U1e speed with which the end
impressive.
To a certain exten t, it is possible to frame i> reached. After you enteT a valid
animate stick figures. Sooner or later, value, you'll see five bape sets:
though, you will discover why linear interpolation did not solve the '!weening problem for character animation - body parts
• a moving dot
are of a fixed leogthand move in an arc, not
• a triangle folding over itself
in a line. You can hide some of the problem
• a square transforming into a diamond
by making more key frames and computing
• a D changing to an S
only a few 'rweens. But this doe nor cut
• a leg .kicking upward
down very much on the programming work
required to achieve smooth animation.
·me data for the hape sets is found in
lines 660 through 860. Each set consists of
Program Operation
three parts:
Listing 1 and 2 show two programs that
illustrate the concepts int~oduced in this
• a sing le number indiCllting the number
article. The program in Listing I, KEYF . BAS, of points in the hape
August 1992
THE RAINBOW
• x ;y pairs for the starting shape
• x;y pairs for the ending shape
Use this fonnat to add your own shapes
at the beginning of the shape data. Then
change Line 370 to limit lhe number of
shapes the computer draws before it starts
over.
The program in Listing 2 is wriuen in C
and wotks with OS-9 Level IL This program is similar to lhat in Listing I excepc
lhat it performs only the 5qWll'C-{o-diamond
transformation.
All the neces.<wy graphics calls are built
into keyf.c using #define and prlntf
statements.. For this reason you don't need
tohaveorusethecgfx. l libnuytocompile
the program. However, key f is designed to
be run on a Type 8 graphics window. Before running the compiled program. use
bu 11 d to aeate the OS-9 procedure {script)
file shown in Figure 6 and run this procedure to open Window 4 (use another win-
dow number if you are already using Window 4). Use the a.EAR key 10 select the
new window, then execute keyf.
Surnnmy
This article has incroduced several aspects of computer animation and focused
on !he key-fr.unc imerp<1lation technique.
Granred. !he exwnples we have looked at
are very simple in nature. However, the
concept remains the same regard less ofLhe
num ber of poinrs used.
Dawn Smith has been programming
personal compwers since 1977. She began
using the Color Computer because of the
relatively inexpensive X-Pad. Dawn completed a masters program with emphasis on
graphics. CAD and computer imaging. Her
/lobbies include archaeology, geology and
dance. She may be comac1ed at 4 Eagle
S1ree1,Apt.B, Rochester,NY 14608. P/ease
include an SASE when requesting a reply.
Ustlng 1:
KEYF
1 'KEYF
2 'BV DAWN A. SMITH
3 'COPYRIGHT ( Cl 1992
4 'BV FALSOFT, INC.
5 'RAINBOW
19 POKE 65497 ,B: REM HI ·SPEED CO
CO I l l
28 WIDTH 32:TP-3:6DTO 289:
REH COCO II I
3& POKE 65495.ll:TP- 2 : 60TO 288:
REH Hl ·SPEED COCO 2
48 TP-1: GOTD 2811
Sil REH KEV - FRAME ANIMATIO
N---
68 REM BY DAWN A . SMITH
78 REH FllE NAME - KEYF /BAS
Bl REH - - -- - - - - - 98 REH - - DRAW SHAPES - 1811 FOR C-8 TO DV
118 REM - -UNDRAW LAST SHAPE 12& If c-e GOTO 188
138 FOR A-1 TD N- 1
1411 DX - CX(A)*C:DV-CY(A)*C
150 FX-CX(A+l)*C: FY-CV(A+ll*C
168 LINE CSXCAl·CXCAl+DX,SY<Al·C
YCA)+DY) · CSXCA+l) · CXCA+l )+fX, SY
CA+l ) · CYCA+l )+FV). PRESET
1711 NEXT A
180 REH - - DRAW HEW SHAPE - 1911 FOR A-1 TO N·l
2811 OX - CXCAl*C:OY-CYCAl*C
210 FX-CXCA+ll*C: FV-CV( A+ll*C
220 LINE (SX(A)+OX,SYCA)+O V)
SXCA+l )+FX , SY(A+l )+FY). PSET
230 NEXT A
240 FOR Z-1 TO 30: NEXT l
250 NEXT C
260 RETURN
270 REM
280 REH - - STORE POINT - 290 OIH SX(38) , SYC3il):
REH START SHAPE X, V
388 OIH EXC38) , EV(3il ):
REH END SHAPE X. Y
318 DIM CXC31ll, CV(38l:
REH CHANGE IN X.Y
328 REH
3311 REH - - BEGIN PROGRAM - 34 8 INPUT "NUMBER OF DIVIS I ONS •
: DV: OY-OV+ I
358 If DV<l GOTO 451
368 REH - LOOP THROUGH THE 5
SHAPES - 378 FOR CT- I TO 5
388 READ N:
REM
NUMBER OF POINT IN SHAPES
398 GOSUB 498:
REH
LOAD SHAPES
4118 P ODE 4. I: SCREENl. l: PCLS
411!1 GOSUB 98
REH
DRAW SHAPES
428 NEXT CT
4311 RESTORE
441!1 GOTD 3311
REH
RE· RUN PROGRAM
458 REH - - END Df PROGRAM - 468 IF TP-3 THEN POKE 65496,ll
470 END
488 REM
498 REH - - LOAD START SHAPE
5111!1
510
528
530
540
690 DATA 20,20 , 20.20
700 REH -- -- ENDING SHAPE X, Y
710 DATA 120.28. 120.20
729 DATA 4
7311 DATA 211.30. 110.50, 109 , 29,
211. 30
741! DATA 28,60, 180.39, 28,11111,
28,68
758 DATA 6
768 DATA 28,411, 69.48, 68.88, 48
. BB . 28 . 80, 28,411
7711 DATA 48,48, 48.40 , 6&,60, 48
.80. 20 . 68. 48.48
781!1 DATA 8
7911 DATA 211.28. 28.38. 28.41!. 38
. 48. 38.38. 3B.22. 30.28. 29.211
81111 DATA 28,36, 27,48, 38,38, 38
,32 . 311,311 , 24,26, 28.211. 3B.22
81 8 DATA 3
82.8 DATA 28,28, 28,48, 22,48
838 DATA 28,Z.8 , 48,28, 4Z,28
B48 DATA 9
B51l DATA 48,2.ll , 44 , 22, 45 . 25, 44
,27. 411,30, 37 ,28. 35.25, 37,22.
40 ,21
B61!1 DATA 48.55. 45.56. 47 .58, 45
.59. 48.611 . 35.59. 32.SB. 35.56.
41l,55
Listing 2:
*/
~
~;g~
FOR A - I TO N
READ SXCAl
READ SV( Al
NEXT A
REH - - LOAD END SHAPE -
550 FOR A - I TO N
560 REAO EX(A)
570 READ EY(A)
580 REH - - COHPUrE SILE OF OJ
VISIONS - 590 CXCA) - ((EXCAl · SXCAJ)/OV)
600 CY(A) - ((EVCAJ · SY(A))/DVl
610 NEXT A
620 RETURN
630 REM
640 REM - - SHAPE DATA - 650 REM
660 REM .... NUMBER OF POINTS
670 DATA 2
680 REM • • • • START! NG SHAPE X, Y,
I* -
Do You Rest
Easy at Night?
I*
Key Frame Animat i on
*I
I*
by Dawn A . Sml tn
*I
I* - - - - - - - - - - - - *I
#include <std1o.h>
Hderine CLR
12 /• c
clear
screen */
l/def1ne
//define
(/define
/ldefi ne
//define
GRAF
FORGNO
BCKGNO
BO RO ER
SET
THE RAINBOW is the only publication that offers peace of mind to CoCo
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KEYF. c
- - KEVF .c
27
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grapn i cs cursor *I
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/* 32 *I
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/* 34 *I
/* 40 position
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14
August 1992
THE RAINBOW
LI
l/def i ne LN_MV
l/def 1ne
l/defi ne
l/defi ne
l/defi ne
l/def1 ne
70 /* 46 dr aw 11ne and move gr. crsr* I
BLACK
RED
YELLOW
MAGENTA
CY AN
int
sx[30] , sY[30] : I* start shape*/
int
ex [ 30] , ey [30J: / * end shape *I
double cx[3 0], cy [ 30J : I* change * I
ma in c >
{
I * - - - beg in pr og r am - - * I
int dv:
I* di vi si ons*/
i nt n :
/* numbe r of poin ts * /
gr_s etup ():
do
{
I* get the number of div 1s1ons * I
pri ntf{"number of divis i ons?");
scan f(" l:d" ,&dvl:
i f ( dv < 0 ) break :
dv++;
n-shapesetup ( ) :
make_ incrCdv,n) ;
drawfrm(n,dv) :
}
wh il e (d v
I * - - end
> - 1) ;
progra~
- -•/
I*
* - - Loa d t he data - -
*/
i nt sha peset up ()
{
intn-6;
I* - - sta r t sha pe - - *I
sx[ 1]- sx [6 J- 20:
sy[ 1]- sy [6] - 40 :
sx[2]-60: sy(ZJ - 40;
SX(3] - 60 ; sy(3J-80;
SX(4] -4 0; sy( 4J-80;
sx[SJ - 20: sy(SJ -80:
I* - - end sh ape - - • /
ex[lJ-ex [6] -40 :
ey(1J - ey[6J - 40 :
ex[ZJ -4 0: ey [ ?]- 40:
ex[3J - 60: ey[3J-60:
ex [ 4J - 40; ey [ 4 J-80:
cx[SJ - 20: ey [ SJ-60 :
return Cn>:
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J
make_incr( idi v , n)
int n:
int i div :
{ / * - compute the size of the divis i ons -*I
i nt a :
double div:
div - Cdoublelidiv:
n++ :
fo r Ca-1: a<n: a++)
[
cx(a]-C (double) ( ex(a]-sx ( a]) )/div:
cy[a]-C Cdoubl e) ( ey(a] -s y(a]) )/div;
l
I*
* --
(
pr i ntf ( " '1:c%c%c " , GRAF, BC KG ND, MAGENTA);
pri ntf ( " '1:c%c%c " , GRAF, BORDER, MAGENTA l;
pr i ntf ( " %c%c%c" , GRAF. FORG NO , BLACK);
pri nt f C" Sc", CLR ) ;
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J
I*
• - - draw shape - -
*/
drawf rm ( n . dv )
i nt dv ;
/ *number of posi ti ons */
i nt n :
/ * number of po i nts *I
(
int a. m, x , y ;
f or Cm-0:m<dv+l ; m++)
(
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• o~ a~v.c~PfjhJ 'i'o~~~s.s~i~~il~~ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
screen setup - -
*/
gr _setup()
prin t f ( "Sc " ,CLR) :
x - sx ( l] + Cin t )(cx [ lJ*m) ;
y - sy[lJ + Ci nt )( cy(l]*ml:
pr1ntf C" Scscsc:;cscsc " ,GRAF,SET,0,x ,0, y) ;
for (a-2 : a< n+l :a++)
(
x - sx[ aJ + C1 nt)(cx[aJ*ml:
y - sy(a] + C1nt>Ccy[aJ*m>:
pr1 ntf ( "%c%cl:dc%c%c". GRAF. LN_MV. 0 .x . 0 , y ) :
)
/* end drawfrm */
THE RAINBOW
ARTIFACTING MEETS THE COCO 3
W
hen the Color Computer 3
was first introduced, many
people believed the age of artifacting colors for graphics had
come to an end. After all, the Coco
3 supports 16 colors (selectable
from a palette of 64) on a 320-by!92-pixel graphics screen. This
goes way beyond the CoCo 1 and
2 with their two-color limit. Still, I
say we can use artifaccing lo get
even more.
In terms of working with the
Color Computer, artifacting colors (creating the false impression
of colors) relies on an inherent
characteristic of color composite
monitors and televisions. The PMODE4 graphics mode supports only two· colors, and
most programs use black and white. However, if you draw a single vertical line on the
PMOO E4 screen, it appears either blue or red
(depending on the internal timing of the
CoCo). If you erase that line and draw a
similar vertical line, but one space to the
right or left of the first, it appears in the
other color - the false "primary" colors
alternate vertically. If you put two vertical
lines side-by-side, you get a line that appears in the selected foreground color (black
or white). By setting different pixels in a
defined grid, this "defect" can be used to
create the appearance of many different
hues. Now imagine the possibilities with 16
selectable colors rather than two.
Color 256 is a simple BASIC program
that combines color artifacting with the
Coco 3's 16-color graphics screen
(HSCREEN2) to effectively produce 256 different colors on one screen. The program
contains two sections, the first of which sets
the palettes and draws the individual lines
used for artifacting. Color 256 works much
like artifacting on the CoCo I and 2 where
alternating, adjacem venical lines are used
to create the effect of more colors. It takes
sometime for the program to draw the lines,
so be patient. The high-speed poke is used
(Linc 20) to speed up the process.
The second section of Color 256 rapidly
cycles the screen through the entire palette
of 64 colors. This is accomplished using
very simple paleue switching. If you press
BREAK before the program reaches this
color cycling, you'll end up with an odd
palette setting and the computer will still be
in the high-speed mode (normal speed is
One of the most important tools for any
computer system is a powerful but easy-touse text editor. VED (short for Visual EDiror) is just such an offering from Bob van
der Poel Software. VED ' s origins lie with
the CoCo and OS-9, and the program is now
offered for OS-9/68000-based machines the MM/l, TomCat and System IV. The
software is supplied on a 3~-inch, highdensity disk that comains five directories
holdil)g the program modules, documentation files, environment files, help files and
source files.
Although the on-line documentation files
fully describe the functions of the files on
the diilttibution disk, !letting up VED is
quite easy. The VED executable module
must be copied from the CMOS directory of
the disk to the CMOS directory of your hard
driveoranyfloppydisk.lnaddition,ahelp
file and an environment file must be copied
into the SYS directory. Supplied are a few
differentversionsofthehelpfi.le,including
one with documentation for all the standard
C library routines; this is extremely helpful
for programmers. The environment file
describes to VED the specific computer you
are using; environment files are supplied
forthe MM/I , the System JV. VflOO terminals and the Color Computer.
Also included oa the distribution disk is
a program named VSPLI T, which allows
you to break extremely large text files into
smaller files that VED can more easily
accept. Still, I tested VED with some large.
uasplit text files (about 250K in length).
Even with this large amount of text, copying a large block of text is almm1t instantaneous. The source code for VSPLIT is also
supplied and can befound in the SRC directory of the distribution disk.
VED' s basic editing screen does not
include any status bars or symbols, so you
can use the entire screen for viewing and
editing a file. Any carriage returns in the
file are represented on screen by the tilde (- )
character, making it easy to see where paragraphs actually end. A special end--0f-buffer
character is visible at all times immediately
to the right of the last character in the file .
VED features many movement, inserlion, and deletion functions, each of which
is mapped to a particular conttol-key combination. These key combinations can be
modified through the environment file, and
some commonly used functions are mapped
to arrow and movement keys on the IBMstyle: keyboard mo&1 OS-9/68000 systems
use. Two of the more unusual features area
Jump function (which lets you move to a
position in the ftle by line numbcr,percentageposition,ortestlabel)andCaseToggle
(which cycles a word between all upper- or
lowercase characters, and normal capitalization. In addition. VED sports an Undo
function that operates on the line currently
being edited as well as for word, line and
block deletions.
The Search and Replace functions offer
the usual search (in both directions) as well
as Find Next and Fmd Last. You can use the
wildcard character (7) when replacing text
- a feature many programs do aot offer.
Block-editing commands are provided.
giving you the ability lo c ut, copy and paste
text. You can also save a block to disk, sort
the lines within a block., print a block. to the
prinrer or a disk., and display word- and
enabled in Line 220). Make sure
you slow it down before performing any tape or disk 1/0. The best
way to set things right is with a full
reset of the Color Computer
(CTRL-ALT -Reset).
It is important to note that artifacting colors with the CoCo 3's
HSCREENs is generally much more
effective with a color composite
monitor or television. ROB monitors more accurately display the
correct information, and it is easy
to distinguish between the vertical
lines that make up the artifacted
colors.
Feel free to study the techniques
used by Color 256 and introduce color
artifacting into your BASIC programming
efforts. Experienced programmers might
consider using the interrupts to enable the
full 64-color palette onscreen at one time
(see "Color Chart for the CoCo 3" on Page
20 of the January 1987 issue of THE RAINllOW). Then it should possible 10 produce
4096 colors at the same time ...
Adam Breindel plans ro ar1e11d 1he UniversityofChicago in the fall of 1992, where
he will study economics. Currently, he can
be contacted at 328 Abbey Lane, Lansdale,
PA 19446. Please include an SASE when
requesting a reply.
line-count information about a block.
VED supports a full complement of
macro capabilities; up to 26 user-defined
macros may be defined and saved to disk at
any time while you are editing a file. Jn
addition,thereareeightpredefinedmacros,
some of which allow you to list the current
input and output files or extensions, automatically generate increasing numbers for
auto-numbering applications. Two userdefinable Time macros give you the abiLity
to easily insert the current time/date string
in the format you choose.
Printing is supported by VED. and the
output can be sent to either a printer or a
disk file. Options such as margin settings,
new page, effect sequences (such as underline on/off) and headers may be defined
using "dot" commands in the document.
For more complex formatting needs, Bob
van der Poel Software also offers VPrint, a
sepante product that can be used in conjunction with VED.
There are a few miscellaneous and very
useful functions in VED. An OS-9 shell can
be called at any time through a simple
command sequence. Memory and file information can be displayed at any time, and
commandscanbeeasilyrepeatedanumbcr
of times. Cursor blinking can be turned on
and off, and the auto-numbering mode can
be engaged at will to insert line numbers
after each carriage return.
VED'soa-linebelp is completely menudriven and generally easy to use. The manual
also describes the format of the help and
environment files for those users who may
be interested in modifying them for their
own use. Getting help for any command
requires only that you remember that
ESCAPE-H is used to bring up the Help
display.
-----------------------------~
The Listing: COLOR256
•COLOR 256
'BY ADAM BREINOEL
'COPYRIGHT (Cl 1992
'BY FALSOFT , INC.
5 'RAINBOW MAGAZINE
10 ON ERR GOTO 220
20 POKE 65497. 0
70 • ********•**********
80 '*WHEN TH IS SECTION OF
*PROGRAM IS OONE, THE DISPLAY
*SEQUENCER SECTION RUNS.
90 '•THIS CAN BE ACCESSED AT
*LINE 220 IF PROGRAM IS
100 '*STOPPED AFTER INITIAL
*SCREEN IS DRAWN
110 '*THIS PROGRAM USES 320*192
1?.0 '*16 - COLOR GRAPHICS AND THE
*2MHZ POKE AND RUNS ON A
*128K COCO 3
130 . ******************
140 HSCREEN 2
150 FOR Y-0 TO 15:PALETTE Y,48+Y
:NEXT
160 FOR Z-0 TO 15: FOR Y-0 TO 15
170 GOSUB 190
180 NEXT Y,Z
190 FOR A-Z*l6 TO Z*l6+15 : IF A/2
-INTCA/Zl THEN HORAW"C"+STRSCY>
ELSE HO RAW "C"+STRS ( Z)
200 HL!NE (A,12*Y) -( A.12*Y+lll . P
SET
210 NEXT:RETURN
220 POKE65496, 0
230 ON BRK GOTO 360
240 ' *******************
250 '•*COLOR - 256
260 ' *COLOR SEQUENCER
270 POKE&HE6E4, &HE6
280 HSCREEN 2
290 POK E&HE6E4.&HE7
300 FOR X-0 TO 63
310 FOR Y-X TO X+l5: IF Y>63 THEN
330
320 PAL ETTE Y-X,Y
330 NEXT Y
340 NEXT X
350 GOTO 300
360 PALETTE 13.63:PALETTE 12.0
~
VED appears to be a well-designed product that is surprisingly intuitive, setting it
apart from other line editors, which often
send users running for a sledge hammer.
Movement commands are very easy to
remember, especially since most are mapped
to the and movement keys on the keyboard.
Many of the commands are grouped into
two-letter sequences. For example, to use
one of !he Options commands, press ESCAPE-0 followed by the letter specifying
the subcommand you want to use. If you
hesitate after initiating the first command,
VED automatically lists the available letters at the top of the screen.
Bob van der Poet's attention to speed is
very noticeable from the performance of
VED . For example, VED checks for any
keystrokes entered while the screen is being
updated and does not redraw the complete
screen if the next update will fill the screen
with new information. For this reason, using OS-9'skey-repeatfearure with Page Up
and Page Down is extremely fast.
Ifyou are looking for a quality editor for
your OS-9/68000 system, VED is a sure
winner. The price is reasonable, and VED
may be the most often used piece of software on your system. especially for writers
or programmers. With the addition of
VPrint, you can count on the: most advanced text tools for the OS-9/68000 system to deliver the performance you need.
(Bob van der Poel Software. P.O. Box 57,
Wynnde/, BC VOB 2NO, Canada, 604-8665772; or P.O. Box 355. Porthill , ID 838530355; $39.95 plus $3 SIH .)
-
Jordan Tsvetkoff
16
August1992
THE RAINBOW
omo
IOWA
,. Metru Area Color Computer Club, Joe Cavallaro,
2425 Ave A, Co. Blulfs, 51501 , (712) 322-2438
,. Mid Iowa lit Countiy CoCo, Terry Simons, 1328
48th Stree~ Des Moines, 50311, (515) 279-2576
KENTUCKY
'It The Greater Toledo Color Computer Club, Bill
Espen, 131 Y NolTh St., Bowling Green, 43402, (419)
471-9444
'Ir Tri-County Computer Users Group, Ron Potter.
10914 Oliver Road, Cleveland, 44111 , (216) 4762687
PENNSYLVANIA
,. Cumberland Valley Users Group, Thomas Manin,
9085 Newburg Road, Newburg, I n40, (717) 4235525
RHODE ISLAND
tr New England "CoCoNuts" Color Computer Club,
Arthur J. Mendonca, P.O. Box 28J06 North Station,
Providence, 02908, (401) 272-5096 (Sig3)
SOUTH CAROLINA
,. SpananburgCoCo Club, Jesse W. Parris, 152Bon
Air Ave., Spartanburg, 29303, (803) 573-9881
SOUTH DAKOTA
,. Empire Area Color Computer Users Group of
South Dakota, Carl Hol~ P.O. Box 395, Brandon,
57005, (605) 582-3862
~~g~~~~HillEg,.abns,
Hardin
Color
Computer
Paul(502)
Ur2887County
Republic
Ave.,
Radcliff,Club,
40160,
~
CALIFORNIA
tr StG Net Wes~ Alan Sheltra, P.O. Box 38713.
Hollywood, 90038, (818) 761-4135, BBS(818) 7614721
COLORADO
1t Colorado Sprinp Color Computer Club, Bud Want,
1118 Claiborne Road, Colorado Springs, 80906-5513.
(719) 392-8268
CONNECTICUT
1r Connecticut CoConut Connection, Charles Joseph
Scanlon, 2 Eagle Lane, Simsbuiy, 06070, (203) 6578373
FLORIDA
,. The Color Computer 3 Users Group, Tom Batehelder, 6042 Syn:le Ave., Miltoo, 32570, (904) 6234405
GEORGIA
tr A1lanta Computer Society, Inc., Alan R. Dages,
4290 Bells Feny Road Suite 10639. Kennesaw, 30144,
(404) 469-5111 voice, (404) 636-2991 modem
IDAHO
tr Snake River Color Computer Club, Emil Franklin.
1750 Cannel Drive. Idaho Falls. 83403. (208) 5220220
ILLINOIS
1t Cook County Color Computer Club, Howard
Luckey, IO McCanhy Rd., Park Forest. 60466-2 I 22.
(708) 747-011 7
tr MotorolaMicroComputerClub, Steve Adler. 1301
East Algonqu in Rd.. Sha11mburg. 60196, (708) 5763044
51-4757
LOUISIANA
tr The CoCo SIG, Christopher Mayeux, 20 Gibbs
Drive, Otalmette, 70043, (504) 2n.6880 voice, (504)
277-5135 modem
MA.RYLAND
,. Made, John M. Beck, 3513 Terrace Drive #D,
Suitland, 20746, (301) 423-8418
MASSACHUSETTS
1t NorthEast CoCo Club, Jose Joubert, 440 North
Ave., Bldg. 9#210, Haverhill,01830, (508)521-0164
MICHIGAN
'Ir Color Computer OwnCIS Group, Bernard A. Patton, 388 Emmons Blvd., Wyandote, 48192, (313)
283-2474
,. Greater Lansing Color Computer Users Group, E.
Dale Knepper, P.O. Box 14114, Lansing, 48901,
(517) 626-6917
MISSISSIPPI
,. Mississippi OS-9 User Group, Boisy G. Pitre.
Southern Station, Box 8455, HaniesbUTg, 3940&-8455,
(601) 266-2807
MISSOURI
tr CoCoNuts User Group, Clyde Lloyd, 2ll6 N.
Columbia, Springfield, 65803, (417) 866-8738
,. KC CoCo. Gay Crawford, P.O. Box 520084, lndependence, 64052, (913) 764-9413
NEBRASKA
tr Bruce Gem c/o Metro Area CoCo Cluh, P.O. Box
3422, Omaha, 68103
NORIB CAROLINA
" Raleigh CoCo Club, P.O. Box 10632, Raleigh,
27605, (919) 878-3865
'It The Tandy Color Computer Users of Charlouc,
Eric Stri nger, 1022 Nolea Dr., Mt. Holly, 28120
TEXAS
tr The Codls CoCo Symphony, William C. Garretson, 2902 Harvard SL, Irving, 75062, (214) 570-0823
UTAH
1t Salt City CoCo Club, L. Todd Knudacn , 6357 S.
Lotus Way, West Jonlan, 84084, (801) 968-8668
WASHINGTON
1t Bellingham OS-9 UsenGroup, Rodger Alexander,
3404 lllinois Lane. Bellingham. 98226. (206) 734580li
11 Port O' CoC'o, Donald Zimmerman, 3046 Banner
Rd. SE, Pon OR;hard, 98366-8810, (206) 871-6535
AUSTRALIA
tr Australian National OS-9 Usen Group, Gordon
Bentzen. Cl- 8 Odin Street. Sunnybank, Queensland,
4109, (07) 344-3881
'It Brisbane Southwest Colour Computer Users Group,
Bob Devries, 21 Virgo St., lnala, Queerishmd, 4077,
(07) 372-7816
CANADA
'It Club d'Oridinateur Couleur du Quebec Inc., 8000
Metropolitain
354-4941
~
Anjou , Quebec, HIK lAI, (514)
GERMANY
tr OS-9 Users Group in Europe, Burghard Kinzel,
Leipziger Ring 22A, 5042 ERFTSTADT, +49-223541069, (OS-9/6809)
THE NETHERLANDS
1t European OS-9 User Group, Pelcr Tntelaers,
Strijperstraal 50A, 5595 GD Leende,
[email protected] , +31-4906- 1971. (OSK)
PUERTORJCO
1t Pue no Rico Color Computer Club, Luis R. Maninez, P.O. Box 2072, Guaynabo, 00657-7004, (809)
799-8217 or(809)728-2314
· ·.S ubmitting
Material· .~
to Rairib6w
Contributions to-nm.1WNB0w
are welcome from evecyone. We
like to run a variety m_programs
that are useful, help~ and fun
for other CoCo owners:-.
WHATTOWRITE: Weare
in~tirested in w~: l(OU want to
tell OU! readeffl~- wei ~ccpt for
considei'ation ~g tf1at is
well-wriu-ert and,'h~ a ~ractical
application for1he Tandy Color
Computer. If j t "inte'reJtS you, it
will prohal;lly ilner~st lots'of others. However., 'f!VC vastly prefer
urti41les with ~pan)'ing ~ ­
grams
that can he entered
$ii
run. The more uniq(lejhe \de;a;
the more the ~
have a
continuing.need for-short articles
with short listings. These iiie es~
pecially appealing to oUt itiilny
We
Slate/City
BBS Name
Acc..., Number
Parameters
SysOp
(Speed hrit7-Word Rita.Slop Bir.)
0
Arkansas
Sheridan
The Grant County BBS
(501 ) 942-4047
300/1200/2400-N-8-1
Eddie Gilmore
Z.Og •s Cavern BBS
(213) 461 -7948
300/1200/2400-N-8-l
Alan Sheltra
Silk City BBS
Applause BBS
(203) 649-9057
(203) 754-9598
300/1200/2400-N-8-1
300/1200/2400-N-8-I
Danen Kindberg
Cannen Izzi, Jr.
Fl. Shafter
Idaho
Idaho Falls
IUlnols
CoCo'NulS BBS Service
(808) 845-7054
300/120012400-N-8-I
Tommie Taylor
Snake River Computer Club BBS'
(208) 523-3796
300/I 200-N-R-I
Jon Gould
CarpenrenvilJe
The Pinball Haven BBS
Glenside'• Cup of CoCo BBS
(708) 428-8445
(708) 428-0436
300/1200/2400-N-8-I
300/1200/2400-N-8-I
Jeffrey R. Chopin
Tony Podraza
Cross-N-Crown BBS
(606) 754-9420
300/2400-N-8-I
Tim Mcintosh
Ciy•tal Palaoe
(616) 723-0146
1200/2400-N-8-l
Nelson Howard
The OS-9 Zooe1
(601) 266-2807
300/1200/2400-N-8-I
Boisy G. Pitre
The Dutchess CoCo
(914) 838-1261
300/1200/2400-N-8-I
Chris Serino
Bill's Board
(919) 395-4366
300/1200/2400-N-8-1
Bill Medcalf
The 9-Linc BBS
(701) 727-6826
300/1200-N-8- I
David Hensley
Spriogwood BBS
(614) 228-7371
300/1200/2400-N-8-I
Edward Langenback
Charlie's Help Line
(215) 825-3226
300/1200-N-8-I orN-7-1
Charles DiManino
The Weather Connection II BBS
(401) 728-8709
300/1200/2400-N-8-I
Eric Chew
Fall Mills
Clem's Corner BBS'
(703) 322-4053
300/1200-N-8- I
Rlcllard Dougla• Bailey
Washington
Fircres&
Wisconsin
OS-9Tacoma
(206) 566-8857
300/120012400-N-8-I
Chris Johnson
Phocni1' Interstate Data Systems'
(715) 732-1036
300/1200/2400/9600-N-8- I
Joe Boburka
ColorNET BBS
Color Connection
(709) 884-2 176
(51 9) 948- 1879
300-N-8- I
300/1200-N-8-I
Cory Richert
California
Hollywood
Conll<Ctlcul
Manchesier
Waterbury
Hawllii
ElmhUl$1
Kentucky
Elkhorn City
Mlcblpn
Manistee
Missialppi
Hattiesburg
NtwYork
Wappingers Falls
North Carolina
Wilmington
NortbDttkota
Minot AFB
Ohio
Columbus
Penmylvania
Conshohocken
Rbode Island
Central Falls
Virtiinia
Marim:tte
Cam1d11
Twlllingate. NF,
Wind sor, Ontario
Notes:
'Snake River Computer Club .BBS supports aJI types of computers.
2Thc 05 ~ 9 Zone is up from IOp.m. to 6 a.m. seven days a week.
'Clcm "s C.omcr RB S io; 11p from 6 p.m. 10 11 p.m. seven days a week.
'* Phoenix. Inte rstate Data Syste ms has a .75/hr chai-ge fo r premium services, p11id in advance_
Jasoo Woodford
begiitne:rs.
.' ~ ,,. ·,
FORMAT: Pr<>gram ~u~mis­
sio11s mu11t;be ontl!Pe ~ disk;·and
it is best to ~e ~vera1 sav~s, ar··
least one of them in Asen format. We're 50ITT, but we do ~ot
;have•irne to key in prognu!lS and
debug olii' typing eno~ , All progriuns should be supponed by
;some editorial commentary ex-plaining ho~ tlie-p,rogram works.
We also prefer that editorial copy
he included jl) ASCD fotmat· on
·the tape or disk, usingany·oftfie
weird _processo,s currently av.ailable for the Color Computer.
Also, please include a doublespaccd printout of your edjtorial
material and program listing. Do.
not send text in all capiia11etters;
use upper- and·Iowercase.
COMPENSATION: We do
pay for submissions, based on a
number of criteria. .Those wishing re.muneration should so stale
when making submissions.
For the benefit of those want~
ing more detailed.infonnationon
making submissions, please send
a self-addressed, stlilnped envelope· (SASE) to: Submission
Guideline§, "lllll RAINBOW. 1be Falsoft Building, P.O. Box 385, Pros"
peci, KY 40059. We will send
you comprehensive guideliJies.
Please do not submir material
currently submitted
publication.
t¢
anotl:Jer
August 1992
THE RAINBOW
~E~ (o('o
~ (011'Uit.1t11111'
MIDI Hints
Those who have downlooded Lyra
~ and UltiMusE files from Delp/Ji
might be illlerested in the following recommendations for MIDI keyboards that cafl be
used to play these files. A/1/wugh Lyra can
play itsji/es via the speaker in your mo11i1or
or TV, the result often sounds quite poor
bec:ausethefiles werecomposedforu MIDI
keyboard. The fol/owilig is a list of MIDI
keyboards in the price range of $200 to
$1000: Casio inbaels CPS720, CT636,
CT656, CT67(}, and CT680; Kawai FS690,
Kiii, K4, M8000, and PH50; Yam.aha
PSR300, PSR400. PSR500. PSS795, and
YPR20.
Do not buy the older Yamaha models
PSR-48 or PSR-38 because they lack the
capability to play enough notes at once. My
own favorites in this group are the Casio
CT680 and the Yamaha PSS795. I will at
times chain these two keyboards by runnin11
a cable from the MIDI Timi connector of
one imo tire MIDI In connector of the other
so they both are playing at the direction of
m.yCoCo. In this way tire weaknessesofone
are balanced by the stret1gths of the other.
The built-in speakers in such keyboardsare
generally of pnor q11ality. You should send
the output to a stereo amplifier and decent
high-fidelity speakers. I personally find
UltiMusE 3 s11perior to Lyra. Ul1iMusE 3
req11ires OS-9 and a 512K CoCo 3. Call
Kala Software (mdlor Rula/ord Research
for more details on rhese rwo progmms.
Danny Faye (DFY£)
lndepende11.ce , Missouri
A
Disk Drives and the CoCo
A Can you reji·esh my mem01y about
~ which models of Color Computer
floppy-drive systems were made by Radio
Shack? I'm specifically interested in knowing what models of Radio Shack disk controllers work with a CoCo 3 without a
Multi-Pak. Also.please tell us how to identify these co11trollers?
Dave Myers (DA\'£MY£RS)
Ypsilanti. Michigan
A
Radio Shack made. as best I can recall, fivt: n:visions of ils ilisk mntroller. The very first drive system (I mean disk
controller with drives, case and power
supply) was Catalog No. 26-3022. TI1i•
disk controller is unique in that all of its
chips were socketted. It used a 40-pin
NEW HAR.DWARE!
• RS.232 Port - Supports !low contrull Seven lines
instead of lour. Jum~ IOI port add19ss, DSRl!lCO
swap. ReqLires MPI,
Pak. or Y·Cable (add $9.95 tor
ext. power, required wl Y-<:able) - $44.95
• Mouse Tamer -s.m:h between""'".. and joys1ici<,
hi & low resoUtion. Comocts directlr lo back of CoCo, no
box alloppin'I • $19.95
CO.MING REAL SOOf:l.--
• Ulllmate Busa XPanderl - Md!l two ports INSIDE
CoCol RS-232 pM buih in! Requim ca,. modijicalion
or rupackag1ng 51'Slem. Also rutains external port!
• CoNect •
449 South 90th. Milwaukee. WI 53214
Add $4 S&H • Write for catalog
A LaptQp CQlQE CQm1n1ler?
Portable? Wilh an 80 column, 24 llne saeen?
No special software requlrod? YES/
All of tJu. is possible due ID the joint effort of
FARNA and CoNect! Would be the perfect
companion ID any OS-9, OSK, or even DECB
home system! Stay tuned for detailii!
WD1793 Floppy Disk Controller (FDC)
chip and required hoth +5 and + 12 volt.,.
This controller cannot be used with a Coco
2 without a Multi-Pak Interface or a Slot
Pak hecause theCoCo 2does not supply 12
volts. This controller cannot be reliably
used with a CoCo 3 at all (even with a
Multi-Pak or Slot Pak) because its data
separator was a tad on the sloppy side. and
so most versions of the 26-3022 controller
won't work properly with a CoCo 3 when
the CoCo 3 is running at high speed. I have
received occasional reports from users who
succeeded in using this ancient controller
with a CoCo 3, but you cannot count on
such success (even with a Multi-Pak) and I
strongly recommend you don ' t even bother
to try it. lbis disk controller was usually
packaged with a gray-case full-height TEC
drive. The drive itself was a single-sided,
35-track unit that was incapable of stepping
fasier than 20ms per 1ntck. Thls f11ll-height
TEC drive also had a notorious! y poor camdrive head-step mechanism and tended to
go out of allignment quite easily.
The second CoCo disk system Tandy
offered (it first appeared in the 1984 catalog) was Calalog No. 26-3029. The disk
controller of this system used a 40-pin FDC
chip, which was a clone of the WD1793
chip made by either Fujitsu (MB8877 A) or
Mitsubishi (MS WI 793-02P). These two
chips represented an improvement over the
original Western Di gital 1793 in that they
did not require a source of+ I 2 volts bul ran
happily off a single +5-volt supply. In the
1984 catalog Lhis system was referred to as
"Color 2 Disk #0 Kit." The FDC chip was
socketted, as was the 8-pin data-separator
chip (FDC 92l6), but other chips were
soldered to the circuit board. This was-in
the opinion of many assembly-language
hackers who wrote copy-protection · systems or programs 10 break or clone copyprotected disks - the best, the most reli able and the most stable of CoCo disk
controllers ever made, though the three
units that came after this one were almost as
good. This controller and all that followed
workquiie happily wilh all models of Color
Computer, including the CoCo 3.
The 25-3029 system was usually packaged in a white case with a full-height, 40track, single-sided drive capable of stepping at 6ms. The drive was usually one
whose mechanism was made by Tandon
(for its Tandon TM 100-1 drives). but whose
logic board was manufactured by Texas
Peripherals Inc. for Tandy. This was a most
rugged and reliable drive, one of the best of
the full-height, single-sided drives ever
made.
Around I 985 Tandy began to offer a
completely redesigned C.olor C.omputer disk
system. This used a disk controller that still
was full-size like its two predecessors, but
wb.ich employed a single 28-pin WD 1773
FDC chip that did the work of the 40-pin
1793 and the 8-pin 9216 data-separator
chip. I'm not too sure about the details of
this intennediate offering, but it may have
been called the FD-500 drive system. The
controller was accompanied by a white
case that sat horizontally o n the desk with a
balf-height, 40-track. single-sided drive
capable of stepping at 6ms . The case had
space for a second half-height drive.
By 1986 Tandy was offering in its catalog the FD-501 (Catalog No. 26-3l31) drive
system. This was fundamentally similar to
the FD-500, but was offered with a redesigned disk controUer that was physically
smal ler (shorter) than the older disk controllers and came in a correspondingly
smaller plastic case. Like the FD-500, it
used a 28-pin WD1773 PDC chip and
worked happily with all models of Color
Computer. The half-height drive that usually was supplied with this system was a
TEC 501 drive, an especially rugged and
reliable single-sided, 40-1rack drive that·
was capable of stepping at 6ms.
The last drive system offered by Tandy
(which appeared fi rst in the 1988 Radio
Shack catalog) was the FD-502 system,
Catalog No. 26-3 133. This featured a circuit board with a design relatively similar to
that of the FD-500 and FD-50 I but physically smaller. The FD-502 was unique
among all systems offered by Tandy in that
it was supplied with a half-height.40-track,
double-sided drive that was capable of stepping at 6ms. This drive was, Tbelieve, made
by Tandon and enjoyed a reasonably good
track record in the field. This system works
ha pp iiy with all models of the CoCo.
The bottom line is that all Tandy disk
controllers except the ancient 26-3022 work
with all models of the Color Computer, and
the controllers from these systems can be
used with double-sided drives of your
choice.
Single· vs. Doable-Sided
I have on occm·io11format1ed tire back
~ side oj' a ;·i11gle-sided disk , a11d it
appeurs tufurmat and workj11s1fi11e. Am I
leuing myse/finfor any problems when I do
this?
Edward Stroh
Tlwnrto11. llli11ois
A
A
[n the early days of tloppy disks, there
may have been some significance to
labeling a disk single-sided versus doublesided. In those days the Lecbnulogy for
laying down the media on the disk was
likely poorer than it has been for the last
SUPPORT FOR
OSK/089!
NEW ITEMS FaOM FUNAI
Featuring software from:
•IMS•
·Sub-Etha·
• Bob van der Poel •
• Public Domain OSK/OS9 (CoCo) •
•More Coming!•
Send long SASE for PD list
(state OSK or OS9)
VTO (Video Tape Organizer, by Jason Reig.aid)-
VED/OSK • $39.95
VPrinVOSK • $59.95
CheckBook+/OSK. $34.95
Blackhawk Enterprises
P.O. Box 10552,Enid, OK 73706-0552
405-234-2347 9am-1 pm CST
17
hall' decade or o, and so boxes of disks thal
were not certified and tested as working on
both sides might actually contain a smal l
but significant percentage of disks that
actually had bad media on the o ther side.
This almost certainly is no longer true. I
suspect almost all disks that have been sold
as single-sided in the last five years are
perfectly good on both sides. lndeed, it is
hard to find any disks labeled single-sided
these days. What makes all of this a moot
point is that certified 5'A-inch, double-sided
disks are commonly available for under 25
cents each ... often for as little as 10 cents
each. At this price, ii hardly pays to bother
with ancient. single-sided disks.
Viewing GIF Files in Disk BASIC
ls chere a simple way to view GlF
~files on a CoCo 3 (wichout having to
first convert them) using a program running under Disk BASIC?
John Burke (JBURKE)
Fremont, California
A
A
According to Bri an Flahive
(BPLAHIVE), there is. The Projector, a
program available in the Graphics database
on Delphi's CoCo SIG. gives users the
ability to directly view GIP fi les.
Disk-Drive Terminators
A /' ve heard about rhe need to remove
~terminator resistors from disk drives
when. adding a second drive, and rhe requirement that there must be one and only
one terminator resistor ;,, a given drive
system. Can you explain 10 me j11st what a
terminator resistor is, what le does, why
there must be 011 /y one, and what it looks
like ?
Daniel Holley (MRINTF.Nsrrr)
Fra11~fort, Kemucky
A
Electrically. a tenninator resistor is a
pack.age that contains several (usually seven or eight) individual resistors.
These packages often look like DIP !Cs
with 14 or 16 pins. These types of terminator resistors have each internal resistor
hooked across each facing pair of pins.
Such terminators are usually composed of
150-ohm resistors and indicated as such by
a designation "151" printed on them. The
" 151" translates to "15 X IO to the lst
power." However, some disk drives can
take other forms of terminator resistors.
Some older Tandy drives used terminator
resistors in the form of single in-line pin
packages. Such packages appear as a small
rectangular blob of epoxy resin with five,
six, seven or eight pins in a row coming out
of the blob. These are typically internally
wired so that one lead of all the internal
Video li>raiy database, also pmts tape labels.
Boch requlrt 32K OECB, CoCo 1,2, or3 - $12.95 each
Ill~ CoCo EIJ!D.l!Y. Recorder
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KEEP· IBAK Gereral LBdger. Ooullle erruy
small business syslem. 32K DECB - $24.95
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE tor abovo -add $10
~ !2~1&1! Btt@ct~t CM!lt
Sin liar IO CoCo Basic a.R.G. shipped wilh CC3. Contains
command syrux, errur codes, screen codes, etc. - all in a
handr little desk1op boo~ rot a b<Akr manual! - $7.95
Create basic graphics tor your programs with
a joyslick. 32K OECB • $19.95
QM'~ EIL'- Qati!tln~; up io t6 fields, 2ss c11ar.
Merli driYenl 32K DECB • $24.95
LJWe Black Book (by Jason Reighatll) - Addl9ss
and pl'one r11mber da!abase that also printJ labels!
NEW/.
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Moton> a (maker o 680911362 pages,
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FAIUIA Sy•tenu
904 2nd Ave., Warner Robins, GA 31098-1029
912-328-7859 •Add $1.50 S&H (GA -.Id 5% tu)
150 lllustradons. No experience required! -$22.95
CO.Mlt!Si. l!J. '.a.1· c;Q{;a t11s.tatx 4 SUL:ilY.aJ.
!iJLiJ!L-Will contain a histoiy of the CoCo from
reCZ:.~~1~.crip~.:,.~;i~:..,-:;~...
told r,u (Ii-speed p~. etc.), and CUITllnt wndor list
al<irt,j advance onletS- need oni'f 50 lo print!
Owr 100 pages, illustrated. Due March '93 - $24.95
Would you lllce your ad
here? Very rea.anable
raraf Choo. . lhl• •l%e,
abo\'er or ar lefr. Call or
write FAIUIA
(a.alnbow aJIPftJredf)
18
THE RAIN BOW
August 1992
resistors goes to one (marked) pin , and the
other leads go individually to the other pins.
Usually the terminator resistor is sockened .
With such drives, be sure there is one and
on ly one tenninator resistor in the drive
system.
On a very few 5 1/.\-inch disk drives (such
as the Tandy FD-502) and on aU newer 3'hinch third-height drives. the tenninator
n:~istors an:: I 000 ohms au<l are p~nnan­
an tly soldered on the drive logic board. If
you are adding another drive with a 1000ohm resistor pack, just add it and don't
worry about the tenninators. If you want to
add a drive that talces a 150-ohm te.rminalor, try a<lding the drive with a terminator
resistor installed. Better yet, find a 300ohm tenninator (instead of the usual 150ohm terminator) that fits the socket on the
drive, and use that if you want to use s uch a
drive with a soldered I 000-ohm tenninator.
The reason terminator resistors are required is that many of rhe control lines
coming out of a disk controller originate in
open-collector driver chips (usually 7416
or 7406 chips in a CoCo controller, or a
7438 on many IBM-PC rype controllers).
Open colJector gates have the ability to pull
a sib'flal duwn 10 Gruun<l, but lack lhe ability 10 push a signal High on their own. They
must be used with pull-up resistors if they
are to function properly. These pull-up
resistors in the case of the svstem are located on the drive itself ~d called the
term.iiiator resjstor. The reason for this arrangement is that open-collector gates with
pull-ups al the other end of the controWng
line make for especially reliable, noise-free
communications along the cable between
the controller and the drive.
lf there is too small a temlinator resistor
(as is the case if there are several 150-ohm
tem1inators in the system, effective ly putting those resistors in parallel with each
other), the open collector-gate is pulled tou
strongly toward +5 volts (Logic I), and
finds itself unable to pull the signal to
Ground (Low) when told to do so. This is
the reason 100 many tenninator resistors in
a drive system result in rota! failure or ln
unreliable operation .
lo more modern drive arrangements,
such as the newer 3!h-inch third-height chives,
it was learned that a I 000-ohm terminator is
adequate for pulling up the open-collector
gates, and yet even if four such terminators
are paralleled, the effective tenninator re-
sistance on each line is still only 250 ohms
- still more than the 150-obrns used in
older systems. I hope this gives you some
more insight on what_is going on with these
mysterious tetminator resistors.
Tying up the Keyboard
Several folks have asked me recently
bow much time the CoCo spends
scanning the keyboard under BASIC. My
own guess was that the figure is around five
percent, but l asked An Flexser
(ARTFLEXSER) 10 suggest a straight-forward
way to empirically measure this? Here is
his answer:
A
If you enter POKE &HADES, &H39 on a
~ CoCo 3. you will knock our the check
for BREAK and SHUT-@That is done between
evay BASIC stwement when a BASIC program is r1Jn and rep/nee th e starr of tha1
subroutine with an RTS. Using this you
should be aMe to construct a simple test ro
see hnw mud1 titrtl' a RAStr p rngram takes to
run with and without that part of the keyboard scan knocked 0111 . I agree• wilh your
g u<)·"·" of jivP p1 n 'Pnt of tltr rnta/ running
time. but I await your report on the results
of the e.xperimenr.
1
I' ve not had time to do thi ~ experiment. Interested readers are invited to
try it in various form s and write THE RAINDOW wi th what they find.
A
Uhlted Pared Serviiic. There-is a $5 charge
fortbe firstissuc. 'plus a$ l charge forcachad"
dltlOnal ilJ$Ue on otdm 11ent by U.S.Mail.
UPS wiUno1deUYer ID11 post office bolt Ot tO
anolher COUJIU'y-
on.fer to hold down costs, we do not bill, and
no.C.O.D. orders
accep1ed.
are
Marrin H. Goodman , M.D .. a physician
trained i11 anesthesiology. is a longtime
electronics r;nkerer and outspoken commenraror - surr of the Howard Cose/I of
the CuCo world. On Delphi. Marty is the
S/Gop of THE RAINBOW's CoCo SIG. His
non-compwer passions include running.
mountaineering and omtloor photogmphy.
Marty lives in San Pablo, Califomia .
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THE RAINBOW
.
Featurs Program
Get Your Disks in Order
ew would disagree that having your
disk files in alphabetical order makes it
much easier to find a specific file quickly. f
wrote Disk Sorter for just this purpose -it
reads a disk's directory, sorts the information contained there, then writes it back to
the disk.
Disk Sorter is a CoCo 3 program designed to work with standard 35-track disks.
However, it is easy to modify for use with
earlier versions of the Color Computer. (I'll
show you how in just a minute.) First, enter
the program as shown in the listing. Be
especially careful and check for possible
syntax errors since a stray character could
cause the program to crash a disk during the
sorting process. When you are sure the
program is "clean," save it to disk.
To sort a disk, run Disk Sorter; the program prompts you to enter a drive number.
Enter the number (from 0 to 3) of the drive
that holds the disk you want the program to
son. Drive 0 is assumed if you simply press
ENTER at this prompt. Depending on the
number of files on the disk, it may take a
little while for Disk Soner to do its thing.
After the sort is complete, the program
executes a DI R command IO show you a
listing of the sorted directory.
Those of you with CoCo l's and 2's
cannot use Disk Sorter as printed because it
contains pokes and statements applicable
only to the CoCo 3. To modify the program
for use with earlier CoCos, you must delete
or edit a few program lines. Firsl delete
F
Line 160, which is used to set the screen
width. Then delete Line 210, which disables the BREAK key on the CoCo 3. Also
delete Line 220, the error trap, and lines 710
through 740. Delete Line 360, which enables the high-speed mode, or edit it for the
CoCo l and 2 by changing &HFFD9 to &HFFD7.
Similarly; delete Line 560 (disables the
high-speed mode) or change &HFFDS to
&H FFD6 in that line.
Whenever you are using or modifying
Disk Sorter, make sure the computer is not
in the high-speed mode. Otherwise an 1/0
error may result, or the CoCo may trash the
disk. Disk Sorter enables the high-speed
mode only IO increase the speed of the sort
routine (a simple bubble sort). It is also
important that you never press BREAK or
the Reset button while the program is running to avoid the possibility of trashing the
disk. (CoCo 3 users need not worry about
pressing BREAK since that key is trapped.)
CoCo Disk Structure
A standard Color Computer disk contains 35tracks (numbered Othrough 34)for
data storage. These tracks are arranged as
concentric circles on the disk, with Track 0
being the outermo!lt. Each track is divided
into 18 sectors (numbered I through 18).
One sector on a CoCo disk contains 338
bytes of which 256 are used for data storage
(the remaining bytes are used for system
controls).
Track 17 is a special track that holds the
19
tors - and there are two granules per track,
68 user granules per disk. A granule
~
}
A is the smallesl unil of disk Slor~
age available with Disk BASIC. In other words, even a
one-line program that is
~jlliiili!;~'.~l
only 40 bytes in length
is allocated a whole
...
granule (2304 bytes).
TheFATisamapof
the disk granules occupied by each file
stored on the disk.
Each directory
entry on Trad; 17
requires 32 bytes,
so eight directory
~ entries (8 entries x
32 bytes equals 256
~ bytes) fit into one of
the nine sectors (3
through 11) set aside for
this purpose. Again, since a
glllllule is the smallest supported
unit of disk storage, a CoCo disk
can hold a maximum of 68 files.
1
u \...
August 1992
q
V
•
£.
s
directoryforthe
disk. The actual
directory entries
are stored in sectors 3 through
11 , and the fileallocation table
(FAT) is located
in Sector 2. To
increase performance, sectors on a disk are
grouped
in
0
....-.,...,.~~"='~~~=--..,,.'='"'----r..,..:'!-"...,.~----~,
se}ected diali:-drive
diJlt buffer
may of~ ealriea
JOQpcoon~~ iade
cllMctory~ offset In diak ~
iwmberofcte~edandexistilla~~e11
iOrt pass>COU11tet·
sector
temporaey variable used for sort
temporary variable·
granules-one
Figure l: Variable Dictionary
granule is comprised of nine
contiguous sec- ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - '
GRANITE COMPUTER SYSTEMS
ZOOM MODEMS
NEW! 14,400 BPS ZOOM V.32bil/V.42/V.42bil data modemo. MNP1 ·5+LAPM.
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Externol $339/lnternal $299 (+$9 S&H)
NEW LOWER PRICE! 9600 BPS ZOOM V.32/V.42/V.42bis cl.ta modems. MNP1-5+LAPM.
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External $299/lnternal $279 (+$9 S&H)
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32K DISK OR CASSETTE
A BIBLE ADVENTURE!
An exciting, non-graphic 32K adventure based on the Bible.
BIBLE SCRIPTURES
Quizzes on important Bible Scriptures.
ALSO, other quizzes on the Bible, PLUS programs on
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Instructional, Informative, Neat, Colorful,
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Bible Programs 512.00 - Instructional Programs $10.00
Both sets for $19.00
Complete Instructions and Information Included!
To Order, send check or money order to:
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531 Main Street
RAINBOW
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For Information, Call (716) 366-5261
Educational Fun for the Entire Famlly!
NEW LOWER PRICE! 2400 BPS ZOOM V.42/V.42bis data modems. MNPl -S+LAPM.
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Send/Receive text/graphics files from/to your compul«/any Fax madiine in lhe world. Full
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Externol $139/lnternal $129 (+$& S&H)
NEW LOWER PRICE! 2400 BPS ZOOM Data modemo.
Seven Year Warranty
External $85/lntemal $75 (+$6 S&H>
These are all high quality modems made by Zoom Telephonies In lhe USA. Fully Hayes
compatible. Terminal and Windows Fax software available. Cables available.
S&H Canada (Air PP ard Ins): VJ2, V.42/V.42bis $13.00 Send/Receive Fax/Data $9.00
GCS FILE TRANSFER UTILITIES -Version 3.0
The GCS File Transfer Utilities provide a simple and quick method to transfer text/binary files
from/to a va1iety of floppy disk formats.
Commands
PC, RS, FLEX disks: Dir, Dump, Read, Wrile
PC disks: Rename, Delete, Format
Handles most S.25 and 3.S formats. Any level sub.directories (PC). Binary files. Use pipes for
multiple file transfers. Multi-Vue version can be used under Mulli-Vue or as stand alone Shell
commands.
Requin:s OS-9 L2 for COCO 3, ll for COCO 1or2. 2 drives (one can behard/ramdlsk, one
floppy 40 T DD DS). Muh l-Vue for Mulll-Vue version. SDISIO for COC03 - SDISK for COCO
1or2.
OSK version price
$99.95
$44.95
Multi.Vue version $54.95 Standard version
Vl.O updates (provide disk number)
$25.00/$15.00
D.P. Johnson Software SDISK or SDISIO $29.95 l 1+l2 Ulils $75.00
Shipping and handlling - any sofiware $250 U.S.A., $3.00 Canada
Orders must be prepaid or COD. VIS/\/IN.:. accepted. COD is additional.
571 Center Road, Hillsboro, NH 03244 USA
(603) 464-3850
OS.91• • trad9mark of Mierow. . SylUrns QMponllon •nc:I ~ Inc.
MS-DOS Is• tr~ of Miaod Corp. FLEX h • ~o(TSC, lne.
THE RA INBOW
August1992
20
The fust eighl byte of a directory entry
boldthefileno.meproper,andtheextcnsion
isstoredinthenex1lhreebytes. lfthefirst
byteofaspecificdirectoryentry(filcname)
is $00, lhe file orginaUy poinled to by th111
directory entry has been deleted and the
entry is available. lftbe first byte is SFF
(dedmal 255), this and all subsequent enuics have never been used and are free.
Disk Sorter helps speed the system a
little by pushing all deleted (previously
used) directory eouies lo the front of the
directory when it sorts. When you USC DIR
to gel a listing, you won'ucc these empty
entries. However, since they are in froo1,
Disk BASIC won't require as much time to
find a free entry when storing a file as it
docs when lhc free entries an: spaced
throughout the directory.
Di.d :Sorter is a grcru tool for sorting the
_.,_._
direaoryinfonnationonyour CoCo ....,,...,_
lbopeyoucojoyusingtlleprogrnmandtbat
it relicvcssomcoftbcbcadacbesoftrying
tofindfilesinthcdislthaystad::.lfyou bave
any questions or comments aboul Disk
Sorter, please feel free to contact me. Make
............•
•.•••....•....
.......•......
-··
•••••••••••••
()"-\
1
1 ll 11ll111t
sure to send an SASE (with Canadian postage)ifyouoeedareply_
Geoff Friesen hasabachdoro/scitnct
dtgruincomputerscitnctandma1Mmatics. Ht is the author of several published
arrides abour compuurs. Ht may be eoncacted 01 Gemral Delivery, Dauphin, MB
R7N2T3,Canada,(204)638-7302. Please
include an SASE when requesting a repIY·
The Listing: DISKSORT
I
1
•
t
•
c
ac1apak
replace 03 111th x3 11here x-sl o
<0-1, L-Z. 2-3, 3-4)
thfS patch set for slot 2
68 03 13
v
Al this poinl. ,\OU lllould use cobbler 10
create a new boor di.,t so that the change is
madt permanent.
Robert Gault
Grosse P"inte Wood<, Michigan
Mulliple \ indows Onscreen
Thecover o/rhe October 1991 issue of
TllE IWNBOW looked really sharp!
What art the parameters you used/or
setting up the thru windows as shown on
the numltor i11 the bouom-le/t corner of the
I
wcr ea te - z
/wl - s-2 00 00 39 24 02 03 02
/ w2 40 00 40 12 00 04
/w3 40 13 40 ll 00 01
278
288
299
399
319
329
339
~::
470
488
490
see
518
520
530
548
5511
568
578
588
598
689
618
628
639
649
6511
668
671
688
'SORT 01 RECTORY
FOR P-11 TO N-2
FOR l-8 TO N- P- 1
IF OE10)<-0ES(l+ll THEN 558
TS-OEH I )
DES(l l-DES (l+l)
DEH l+ll-TS
NEXT J,P
POKE &HFFDB, 8
•
'OUTPUT DIRECTORY
.
1-B
FOR S-3 TO 11
FOR J-1 TO 97 STEP 32
MIDS! 08Sl0l.J .32l-DE$1 I l
MIDSIDBSCI l .J.32 l - DE S( 1+4)
1-1+1
NEXT J
1-1+4
DSKOS D,17,S , D8S( ll ), 08S(l)
!
and run the scripL ( ote that you must use
a shell script because wcreate switches
windowsafteritcrcatcsthc first window. Ir
you don ' t, OS-9 will create the windows on
separate screens.) Once the window have
been created, enter
shel 1 1-1111&
shel 1 1-1112&
shell l - / 113&
to start shells on the windows. You can then
use CLBAR to move to each window and
stan your applications. (Bear in mind you 'II
need 512K lo gel this fancy with windows.)
1f you so desire, you can chnnge the
color of each window by modifying the last
three numbers (02 03 02) for window /w 1,
and the last two numbers (00 04 nnd 00 0 I)
for windows /112 and / wl. TI1c pammc1crs
represenl. in order from left 10 righ1:
starting x (boriz.) position
staning y (ven.) position
x size in characters
y size in rows
foreground color
background color
border color
The border color is specified for lbe f&rsl
window only - all other windows on the
same screen use the bonlercolorofthe first
window.
You may notice that we used rather odd
dimensions for lbe windows. For example,
the first window is 39 columns wide (x
size=39) and theo<hcrtwo windows slllr1 at
column 40. Also the seoood window .is 40
columns by 12 row • while the lhird window is 40 columns by 11 rows starting al
row 13- This gives a I <haracter margin
between each window. Ifyou prefer to have
40-columo by 24-row and 40-column by
12-row windows without lhc margin.
change the script as follows:
wcreate -z
/Ill - s-2 00 DO 40 24 02 03 02
/ w2 40 00 40 12 00 04
/w3 40 12 40 lZ OD 01
Ernest Bazzinolli. Jr.
Dorchester, Massachusse/ls
To create the windows as shown
on the cover, use bu 11d or an edimno
create a she ll script with the command'
258
268
08
cover?
a
~!:
WIDTH 32
PRINT "DSORT <DISK SORT)"
PRINT
INPUT "DRIVE (11-3)": D
H D<8 OR 0>3 THEN 198
POKE &HE4ZB-&H21
ON ERR GOTO 718
' INPUT DIRECTORY
•
1-e
FOR s-3 TO 11
DSKU 0,17,S,DBHBl.OBSl ll
FOR J-1 TO 97 STEP 3Z
DESCI l-lllDJ (08S CB>.J , 3 2)
DES( 1+4)-lllOS<DBS(l l.J .32 )
1-1+1
HUT J
!'[~;:4 S
POKE &HFF09 _8
•
'D£TER"lllE NUMBER Of EllTRIES
:~ _. l-B
l 'DISK SORTER
369
2 "BY GEOFF FRIESEN
378
698 NEXT S
3 'COPYRIGHT IC) 1992
388
709 DIR D
4 'BY FALSOFT, I NC ·
~9 B
719 POKE &HHZ8.lHZ7
5 'RAINBOW MAGAZ I HE
~
"-u
190 'DSORT !DISK SORT)
08 XS-LEFTSCDES(l),1)
728 lF ERMO- -l THEN END
1111 •
42.9 If XS-CHRS(255) ntEN 459
738 PR! NT *ERROR*: ERNO: "9":
749 PRINT ERLIN
128 'lllITIALIZE
431 N-N+l: I-1+1
138 '
440 IF 1<72 THEN 4111
148 CLEAR 3BIJ0
:~: F N<2 THEN 780
L...1_se_D_1M_ D_es_ 1_2_>_.D_E_l_<7_Z_>_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _~_.,...__,
Switching lots
Hert is the answer you requested/or
Kent Holcomb in the October 1991
issue.
First, It should be mentioned Illar OS-9
Level II (at least on my disks) has t3. dd and
ml . dd incorrectly set 11p 011 tlte Co11fig disk.
The ma1111al and help messages 0111/re disk
say that lt3 isfortlreRS-232 Pok inS/or 2
o/rlie Multi-Pak lmetfnce a11d that /ml is
for tire Direcr Comrect Modem Pak i11 Slot
I. I/you insp1•c1 tire aci110/ descriptors, you
will see rlrar rlrey are hacJ..wnrds.- /t3 is ser
ro work with modpak i11stend of acl apak
whil~ /ml is set tn work with aciapak insteado/11odpak. Wnrsestill, ac1apakdoes
not get its slot infom1arion from the descriptors but (as you said) llos rhe s/01 lrnrd
coded. Tlrut is, howevu, a simple answer
10 Kem' s problem using rhe following 11odpa tch script.
160
178
180
190
200
218
Z28
Alternatively, you may want 10 mtally
change the locations and size> uf the win·
dows or add more windows 10 belier suil
your needs.
0 -9vs. OS-9
i
The first rime I saw 1/11• OS9: prompr.
I was trying ltJ c/111111111 DL Logo picwrejile ro tlte printt!I' (11/c/ di.vcovered
I needed more "tools." /' nisei/I rrying ro get
rhe picture printed, but in tht meantime I
have a few questions coming/ram an absolute beginner who taught hbnselfBASJC and
is trying to sran all over with OS-9 which. so far. is a lot like Latin I studied in
school: totally great stuff you never use
anywllere.
A while ago a Logo product was produudfor the CoCo called DL Logo, lfhich
ran under OS-9 Levtd I . This, like a /01 of
Level I programs, won't boot on 1he CoCo
3. 811r some 'uvel I Version 2 programs.
suclr as DeskMate, do boor and run 011 the
CoCo3.
Conceptually, l understand OS-9 as a
vanilla operating sy.vtem with all rltest
possibilities out there soml'where. So I l1avt
OS-9 level I (I always nUJnage to buy
something j11St about tire rime it is worth·
less), and /lra1•eOS-9Lt1•el lf. What/ do11'1
understand is tire difference beJwun OS-9
Levd I files and OS-9 Level[/ files. Or is
I here a difference ? If OS-9 is just a11 operating system, shouldn't it be possible to
mo1-e DL Logo to an OS-9Level11 system?
f don' rmindwnruringojfimo thefunue.
I might even buy one ofthe new Tonu:ots. It
would just be nice if, as 1echnology jumps
another parsec into tht futurt , someom
would leave bthind o /inle pocket of clul'.f
for those of us who follow at a distance but
who must moi·e through tile same hoops
and learning curves. This constant change
and assumption that customers are eonrinually thrilled about new stuff and are
always ready to plunk down money puts off
many people ...ho asswne that if they do11' r
lral'e the lausr in point-and-c/icli.
MacBurgers, 1hey can' r Cflmpece or com·
pule. I work wiJh these type.< every day.
They laugh at my CoCo and lhen run ojfin
search cfchmp memory drips. /( s a srrange
world.
Michael Franich
Milton, Waslting1011
OS-9 Level I versions 01.00.00 and
01.0 1.00 an: virtually identical in all
n:spccts, and neither version will boot
on the CoCo 3. This is because they both
use the memory area between $FEOO and
$FEFF. On theCoCo 3. this memory area is
used by the GIME chip lo store interrupl
vectors and other goodies. 0 ·9 Leve.I 1
Version 02.00.00 was wri tten Npecificully
in preparation for OS-9 Level 11 and the
CoCo3. This version isdifferenl in lhal 1he
screen driver was split into three modules:
C0 32 .1ohandles1he 1/0 forthe CoCo's 32column screen. coao . i o handl es the 1/0 for
the PBJ WordPalc-RS SO-column video
board. and the module tha1 bandies l/O for
the keyboard. As you can probably tell, this
w
done in pn:p:uatioo for Level ff s
windows.
OS-9 Level D splits lbe video handlers
into lhn:e classifications: VDGlnt bandies
OS-9 Level I compatible video, Grflnt is
the Ullldard window driver. and Wind Int
replaces Gr fl nt to add pull-down menu
suppon for Multi-Vue.
lfyou boot the ystem using Term_ VDG
(the 32-column green screen). most OS-9
Level I sof1w11rc will run with OS-9 Level
U. For example, DL Logo hould work fine
when ru.n from lhe VDG screen. To do so,
boot OS-9 Level 11 and insert the DL Logo
disk inlo Ille drive. Use the chd and chx
command to change the current directories
tothcDLLogodi k.(Forexample,chd /dO
and c hx /dO/cmds.) Try running the program lo see if it works.
As you are alluding, OS-9 is jusl an
operating system. Software written for OS9 Level 1 bould nm with OS-9 Level U
witboul any problems. Keep in mind that if
a particular program uses any rricks, it may
not worlc properly with OS-9 Level U. An
example of this is Profile distributed by
Computcrware. Profile would have worked
fine with OS-9 Level 11. bul il attempts to
link to the ttGo module lo search for the
string TANOY to make sure the program is
running on a CoCo. Of course. since the
CoCo 3 use the Ct3Go module. Profile
aborts with an error.
Need Relief ?
~
a
I
See Page 14 for Details
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2_2___A_u_g_u_s_t_1_s_s_2____________________________ ,,, ,, ',\I
The Assembly Line
+
2
+
11
' • 11, 1//.
'~
+
S
.
+
.
ince the first time I saw an 8mm cartoon, I've thought animation was
something special; but it isn't restricted to
those people pushing paper and pencil for
Walt Disney. No, graphics animation is a
natural use for the Color Computer especially when combined with the speed
of machine language. In this article, we'll
look al how machine language can help the
CoCo strut its stuff.
Traditional character animation involves
rapidly "flipping" through a "deck" of pictures in which each successive image is
slightly different from the last. Needless to
say, the number of images required for a
smooth animation sequence can be quite
higb. This is also true when using a computer for animating objects. Through Animator I'll show you how to use the CoCo to
draw and save eight graphics pages, each
containing twelve 64-by-64-pixel frames
for animation, producing an animated sequence with a total of 96 frames.
To rapidly show 96 successive frames,
we need to keep them in the computer's
memory while flipping through them. After
all, loading each page from disk when it is
needed would use up valuable time and
cause the sequence to appear jumpy. A
standard PMOOE4 graphics page occupies
6144 bytes, and there are eight pages, so we
need to find 48K of free memory. We' ll
simply have the computer store them starting at a very low location in memory and
going au the way up to $F800. Since memory
above $8000 contains the CoCo's ROM
routines, we'll poke a value into Location
$FFDF so we can use the corresponding
high-RAM area.
The workhorse of Animator is shown in
Listing I. The short assembly-language
routine between lines 210 and 340 is used to
place each graphics page in an appropriate
memory area as it is loaded. (This routine
works in conjunction with the BASIC program in Listing 3, which loads the actual
graphics images from disk.) A standard
PMODE4 graphics page starts at Address
$0EOO and ends at $25FF. The assembly
routine stores the first page at Location
$3800 and the second page $2600 bytes
above this. Each successive graphics page
is stored $2600 bytes above the last as it is
loaded by the BASIC program; memory
storage ends at Address $F800. Lines 240
and 330 d.isable and enable the interrupts,
while lines 250 and 320 set the high- and
low-RAM flags as needed.
When all eight pictures have been loaded
and stored, the assembly-language routine
starting at Line 360 can be used to show the
frames . As I mentioned earlier, each frame
is 64 pixels high and 64 pixels wide. However, I want to double this size before displaying the frames, so each bit must be
repeated in a line and each line shown
twice. The FRAME macro takes care of this;
it starts with the first frame in memory
(Line 390) and uses SHOWIT (Line 670) to
display a 64-by-64 area as a 128-by- l 28
pixel image. Let 's look at how SHOWIT
works.
Memory Location $1208 represents the
top-left comer of a centered 128-by-128-
...
•
•
•
+
sun (or, perhaps three moons
revolving around a planet).
Whenyourunthisprograrn,
it will draw and save to disk
eight full PMOOE4 graphics
pages.
Once the eight images are saved on
disk, you can run the program shown in
Listing 3, ANIMSHOW. This short BASIC driver
loads the machine-language program (if
necessary). It then loads the eight separate
graphics pages and displays all 96 frames in
succession. AN! MD RAW loops until you press
the BREAK key. Line 250 contains the
narm: of the AN IM file lo be shown and the
speed at which the animation will be displayed. You can experiment with different speeds by poking values into
$37C4; After stopping the program
using BREAK, you can resume the
animation with the new speed by
entering GOTO 220.
You can use these routines to animate
just about any sequence by altering AN ·
I HORAW (Listing 2). Follow the same general format shown in the listing. The heart
of the program is in lines 80 through I 40
and Line 290. Once the twelve frames for
one PMOOE4 screen are drawn, the full image
mustbesaved. Be surethetitles .i nLine270
are different from any that you've already
saved unless you want to era.~e the originals. Linc 230 was necessary in my plan<>tary sequence since everything revolves
amundthecenterofeachframe. Depending
on how you' re drawing your animation,
you may want to start HH and vv at (0,Q) or
at (0,63). Increase HH by 64 for each frame,
and increase VV by 64 for each row, looping
back to their original values at the end of
each 12 frames. [Editor's Note : Included
on rhe Augusr RAINBOW ON TAPE/ DISK is
differem se1 of eight files rha1, when run
through Animator, depict a 3D cube rotorillg in space. To view the sequence, remove
the REM marker from Line 260 of ANIMSHOW
and place a REM marker at the beginning of
Line 250.]
Another alteration you may want to make
is to convert Animator to generate color
animations, but you'll probably have to
....
+
++
+
pixel screen area. The graphics area we are
using is eight bytes (64 bits) long and 64
bits wide, and the values for the image in
this area are stored in ACROSS and DOWN .
Register U is always used to hold the localion of the current frame in memory. Store
the first byte of the frame in Register B and
use shifts to check each hit. An arithmetic
shift left (ASLB) will remove the left-most
bit and save it in the "carry register" (the
carry bit in the condition-codes register). If
that bit is 0, the register is clear and you can
branch (BCC) to the next bit check.
If the carry bit is High (a logic one),
however, you must set two bits in Register
A (remember, we're doubling the frame
size). The first time througb, we are dealing
with Bit 7, so we'll need to set bits 7 and 6
of Register A. Do this either by ORing the
contents with 192 (128+64) or ADDing
192 to Register A. The same procedure is
carried out for Bit6; ifitis High, set the next
two bits (5 and 4) in Register A using 48
(32+16).IfBit5ofthegraphicsbyte isset,
set bits 3 and 2 in Register A by increasing
ii by 12 (8+4). Finally, if Bit 4 is High. set
bits 1 and 0 of Register A by increasing it by
3 (2+ 1). Notice at this point we 're only
halfway through the number, and Register
A is full; save Register A as Nl, clear
Register A, and repeat the proce s for bits 3
through 0 of the graphics byte. When you
arc finished, save Register A as N2.
When all of the first graphics byte has
been checked, you have two numbers (Nl
and N2) that "double" this byte. The program loads Register D with these values
and stores them (as two bytes) 32 bytes
away (one line) from the current screen
location, and then again at the current screen
location. The horizontal screen location is
then increased by two ( , X++) and the program is ready for the next byte.
When the first row is complete. the
program jumps 24 bytes in the array (LEAU
24 , U) to the start of Row 2 of that frame. It
also jumps half a line plus another entire
line on the screen (LEAX 48 , X). Now it's
just a matter of repeating everything until
we've gone downall 64rows of the frame .
l've included a delay in Line II DO that you .
in theincreases
BASIC program
(Listing3);
adjustvalue
acan
higher
the delay
between
frames. Once the first frame is shown, the
FRAME macro increases the current graphics
location by eight bytes (64 bits- the width
of a frame) to get the next frame. When all
four frames in the first row have been
shown, the macro is recalled using the stan
of the next four frames. Altogether, the
macro is called 24 times, displaying four
frames each time. This certainly cuts down
on the length of the source code, saving a lot
of writing. Enter the source code in Listing
I and check it for errors with A/NO/ NS/WE.
When it's error-free, save the source code
using W ANIM.ASM and assemble it using A
ANIM . BIN (NS/WE.
Now that we have a machine-language
program to display successive frames of
graphics, we need to find some graphics
images to animate. Listing 2 shows a BASIC
program that draws a series of images that
simulate three planets revolving around a
.+
+
I -:
Animation Creation ·.. ·· ~\,/,,,.,,. ,,,,,,,,. .Through Machine Language
+
THE RAINBOW
,,,
••
+
..
+ •
t
~
•
.
...... • + +
+
r -
+
+
t
•
I
t t
doubl e the
frame width resulting in the ability to use
only half as many frames. Coco 3 users
may be able to use a lot more memory and
increase the number of frames. A quick
animation sequence like my drawing in
Listing 2 could be saved directly into RAM
instead of saving it to disk and reloading it.
If you're zooming in on a Mandelbrot Set,
however, image drawing takes so long that
you'll need to save each page as you go and
reload it later.
That'sall forth is month. If you have any
suggestions or ideas for future articles, or
questions about any of my articles, please
let me know.
Bill Nee bucked the snowbird trend by
retiring to Wisconsin from a banking career in Florida. The success of his 13-parr
series, "Machine Language Made BASIC"
(July 1988 roJuly 1989), prompted him to
continue writing articles about Color
Computer machine-language programming . You may contact Bill at Route 2, Box
216C, Mason , WI 54856-9302 , (715) 7462952 . Please include an SASE when re-
l~~!j~~[JBJIJ~~~~Ji~~L~q:u:es:t:i11~g~a~re:p:/y~.-----------.
Listing 1: AN IM
00100 FRAME
MACRO
00110
LOU
l/S\0
SHOW IT
00120
LBSR
00130
LOU
l/$\0+B
00140
LBSR
SHOW IT
00150
LOU
l/$\0+$10
00160
LBSR
SHOW IT
00170
LOU
l/$\0+$18
001B0
LBSR
SHOW IT
00190
ENDM
00200
ORG
$3500
00210
00220 LOAD
LOX
l/$£00
START OF GRAPHICS
LOU
//$3800
00230
START OF STORAGE (CHANGES )
00240
ORCC
DIS /1$50
ABLE INTERRUPTS
00250
CLR
HFOF
HIGH -RAM FLAG
,X++
00260 Ll
LOO
GET
FIRST 2 GRAPHICS BYTES
STD
00270
SAVE THEM
002B0
CMPU
OF STO RAGE AR[A
00290
BHS
OF ROOM
00300
CMPX
OF GRAPHICS PAGE
00310
BLO
NEXT 2 BYTES
00320 LIA
CLR
RAM FLAG
00330
AN DCC
ABLE INTERRUPTS
00340
RTS
00350
00360
ORG
00370 SHOW
ORCC
003B0
CLR
00390 PAGElA FRAME
fl RST FOUR FRAMES
00400 PAGElB FRAME
.U++
ANO
l/$F800
END
LlA
OUT
1/$2600
END
Ll
GET
SFFDE
LOW-
//SAF
EN -
$3520
/IS50
SFFOF
3800
4000
NEXT
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If you want ID write fast madllne language programs
bul you don't want ID spend lhe nelll few yeanJ lrylng
ro wrl» lhem In Assembly Language , then CBASIC is
lhe~ll
CBASIC la lhe only fUly lnregraled Basic Compiler and
p<OQtlll11 edlllng syal8111 available for the Color
Compul«. ll
alloW you ID lllke Ill.I advanlllge of all
lhe capablllllea available In your color computll<
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language programmlng. CBASIC allows you ID
aeate, edlt and conwn programs from a language
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Baalc, Into fast efficient madllne language pRlQl8ITIS
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"Tiie moet complete Editor/Complier I h•ve
- n fot lhe CoCo.M "-TM RAINBOW March
1681
CBASIC Is a powetful IDOi for lhe Beginner as well
as lhe Advanced Saale or Ml.. programmer. CBASIC
leaDJres well OV8f 150 compiled Basic Commands and
Funcdona lhal lully auppolt Diak Sequential and Direct
access ftles, Tape, Plfnter and Scteen VO. CBASIC
auppona ALL the High and low Reaolullon Graphk:a,
Sound, Play and String Operations available in
Enhanced Color Basic, Including Graphics HIGET, HI
PUT, PLAY and H.IORAW, all with 99% ayn!aX
aimpallblUty.
Specify Coco 1, 2 or 3 Diak $149.00
AUTOPILOT and AUTO-LOG Processora
X-MODEM DIRECT DISK FILE TRANSFER
VT·100 & VT·52 TERMINAL EMULATION
• No lost daia even at 2400 Baud on the Serial VO port.
• 8 Selectable Display Formats, 32140/84180 cclumns
• ASCII & BINARY disk file llllnsler via XMODEM.
• Directly record receive data (Data Logging).
• VT-100 emuladon for VAX, UNIX and other systems.
• VT-100/52 cursor keys, position, PF & AIL Kbd. keys.
• Programmable Word Length, Patliy. Stop Bits
• Complete Full and Hall Duplex operalion,
• Send lull 128 chatac:ter set from Keyboard .
• Complelll EdllDr. lnaert, Delete, Change or Add •
• 9 Variable length, Programmable Maao Key buffers.
• Programmable Printer r818S from 110 ID 9600 Baud.
• Send file$ lrom the Buffer, Macro Key Buffers or Diak.
• Display on Screen or Print the conl&nts of !he Buller.
• Freeze Display & Revtew lnformalion On tine .
• Built In Command Menu (Help) Display.
Supports: Modem-Pak & Deluxe Pak or Serial Polt.
Specify Coc:o 1, 2. 3 Diak $49.95
Am0C9d PrpcpmDllfl Ciu!sP- --·-· ..·····-· .. $24.95
Dw 11tn!OQf g•IMo Concentrallon game ....- ..$19.95
O.k Ac==a P.k-7 rs.Iden! PIOQl8flll .....$39.95
A Compl•t•ly New and Easy to
uss T•rmlnal Program designed
spec/flcally for the Coco Ill.
With advanced features you would expecs ID find only
in a Hi-Priced MS-Dos program. II has a 26 Enuy
Phone DireclDl'y wilh complete Configuralion
Iii Iii
Clll!ftO ,...
CWIHAl/111
The Ultimate User Friendly Point & Click operating
System for your Coco 3. Simple enough even for
children tc use, just point and click IO run programs,
select flies, do disk or file maintenance or almost any
task you currently do
by typing commands.
You also gel things
like a print spooler,
Programmable
Function Keys, a
Buffered Keyboald .
Ramdlak, Serial 110 port and Deluxe Pak support along
with Wlndowa, loons, Buttons, Pull Down Menus, Edit
Fields and Mouse luncllons all In one program. It has
multiple Ionia In 54 possible sizes and siyles,
Enhanced Basic Editing and much much more. It add
over 50 commands and Funl:lions to Ba.sic ID lull'(
auppon Iha Point & Cilek Syst3m wilhout 059.
"..It ottws •a m•ny t.•turn lh•I It I• prolMbly
undatprloed.. I recomtHnd thl• •oftw•,.. to ell
CoCo3 owner&" -TM Rainbow Febun11y 11189
It la completely compatible wilh exiSling Basic
programs and talces absolutely no memory away from
basic. It reqUlres 1 Disk Driw,
R.S. !*es inter1ace & Joystick
or Mouse.
lnclUdH 128 & 512K
Veralona Only $69.95
e
EDT/ASM 111 ls a Diak based m-resldentText E~ &
Assembler. It ls designed ID lllke adVanlage of the
new leatum of the COCO 3. It has 8 llsplay formaJs from 32/40(64/80 cclumns. The disk also coolalns a lraa srandlng ML De~ Monillll'.
EDT/ASM Ill has Ille most powerlul, easy tc use Text
Editor available In and Editor/Assembler package for
1he Color Computer.
• Local and Global siring search anc:f{or replace.
' Full Saean llne editing.
• Load and Sava standard ASCII formatted files.
• Block Moce & Copy, lnsen, Delete, OVertype.
• Create and Edit files larger than memoiy.
The Assembler leal!Jres Include:
• Conditional lllfhen/Else assembly.
• Disk Library files up to 9 levels deep.
• Supports standard Motorola directives.
· Allows multiple values In FCBIFDB directives.
• Allows assembly from Buffer, Disk or both.
Specify Coco 1, 2 or 3 Diak $59.95
The SOURCE wit allow you ID easily and quldcly
Disassemble machine language programs direaly
tr.om disk and generate beaulilul, Assembler Source
Code, And• The Sot.rce" has all the features and
lunclions you are looking for In a Disassembler
• AUU>mallc Label generation.
' Allows specifying FCB, FCC and FOB areas.
• Disassembles pwgrams dlrec!ly 1rom Disk.
• Au!Omllllcally locates addresses.
• Output Osting tc lhe Printer, Saeen or both.
• Generates Assembler source direcUy to disk.
•Built In He>c/ASCll dump/display.
• 8 Selectable Display formats 32/40l60J80.
• Built in Disk Directory and KOi file commands.
• Menu display with single key commands.
•Written In Ultra last machine language.
Specify Coco 1, 2 or 3 Disk $49.95
lnfonnalion for Communlcal!ona and AU1Dmalk: logon.
Supports the Serial l/O Port up ID 2400 baud, Deluxe &
Modem Pale and the DialD SellaJ l/O board up ID 9600
baud. It has a FUI Screen Text Editor, XIY Modem File
transfer support, Split Screen Conference Mode,
Macro Keys. Full Disk Support lndudlng M.iltifile Copy,
KJll, Rename, Arc'Un-Arc and Disk Initialize and [t la
Completely Compadbla with ADOS.
Require• 128K, Diak
a. 80 Col. Dlaplay
Disk. Commands
B•cltup, lnlll•Jfu,
Dl!Wclory, V•tlfy,
ComfNU•, S.etoh. Ed/I,
EtNO, SpHd Tu~ 8,.p
R•,. T••~ <klln Tab#
AneJyele • ,..ptl/r
$44.95
File Commands
Art:lv•, Copy, KUI,
Ren.m., EnH, View,
Edi~ Ptln~ CompM•,
S•l-ngo, So•tt:h, V•rlty,
THI An:lw, IJn..Atdw,
Xmodom Sotld/fi.c.
The Diak Utility Progr•m that you
•lw•y• dr••m•tl of I• now • R••llty.
Coco Tools Is a ccmprehanalve disk ulil[ty Program
providing the most complete aet of !unctions available
for lhe standard R.S. DOS disk ayalem. Comparable
in scope and functionality ID thal of lhe famous utility
avdable for MS-OOS oomputera 'PCHOOl..S'I
Coa> Tools Is also the most Comprehensive llsk
Repair program avallable, It AutDmatically diagnosis
and repalra file allocalion errors, locate• corrupt
directory lnfomlalion and aosa inked les. It provides
last and easy reaiveiy of deleted files wllhoUt lhe
drudgery normally asaocialed wilh killed file reawery.
Requlrn 1281<. 019k I 80 col. dlsplay $49.95
Savings
Up To 35%
EDT/ASM Ill •.....•.......•...••.•......•.$49.95
Window Master........................... $49.95
Window Master & Window Wrtter..... $79.95
Deluxe Terminal.. ........................$34.95
VISA, MASTERCARD or COD
c,,11 T oll F rc- t" 1-&00-Je3-&S29
(Monday lhru Sarurday, 8am ID 5pm PSl).
To order by mall, sand check or money Older for the
amount of lhe program plus $4.00 for shipping to:
Cer-Comp Ltd.
5566 Ricochet Avenue
Las Vegas, NV 89110
702-452-0632
24
August 1992
FOUR FRAMES
00410 PAGElC FRAME
00420 PAGE2A FRAME
00430 PAGE2B FRAM E
00440 PAGE2C FRAME
00450 PAGE3A FRAME
00460 PAGE38 FRAME
004 70 PAGE3C FRAME
00480 PAGE4A FRAME
00490 PAGE4B FRAME
00500 PAGE4C FRAME
00510 PAGESA FRAME
00520 PAGESB FRAME
00530 PAGESC FRAME
00540 PAGE6A FRAME
00550 PAGE68 FRAME
00560 PAGE6C FRAME
00570 PAGE7A FRAME
005B0 PAGE7B FRAME
00590 PAGE7C FRAME
00600 PAGEBA FRAME
00610 PAGEBB FRAME
00620 PAGEBC FRAME
00630
CLR
00640
AN DCC
00650
RTS
00660
00670 SHO WIT LOX
CENTER THE DI SPLAY
LOA
00680
ROWS DOWN
STA
00690
00700 L2
LOB
BYTES ACROSS
00710
STB
00720 L3
CLRA
00730
LOB
GRAPHI CS BYTE
00740 RI
ASL8
CHECK BIT 7
00750
BCC
BRANCH [ F ZERO
00760
ORA
BITS 7. 6
AS LB
00770 R2
CHECK BIT 6
BCC
00780
BRANCH [ F ZERO
00790
ORA
BITS 5,4
00800 R3
ASLB
THE RAINBOW
4800
5000
5800
6000
6800
7000
7800
8000
8800
9000
9800
A000
A800
8000
8800
C00 0
CB00
0000
0800
E000
E800
F000
SFFDE
llSAF
//$1208
1/64
DOWN
llB
II
II
ACROSS
.U+
GET
R2
l/192
SET
R3
l/4B
SET
00810
BCC
00820
ORA
00830 R4
ASLB
00840
BCC
00850
ORA
00860 RS
STA
FIRST HALF
00870
CLRA
READY FOR BITS 3-0
00880
ASLB
CHECK BIT 3
BCC
00890
BRANCH IF ZERO
00900
ORA
8 ITS 7. 6
00910 R6
ASLB
00920
BCC
00930
ORA
00940 R7
ASLB
00950
BCC
00960
ORA
00970 RB
ASLB
00980
BCC
00990
ORA
01000 CONT
STA
SECOND HALF
010Hl
LOO
UP DOUBLED VALUE
01020
STD
SHOW
STD
01030
TW!CE
01040
DEC
01050
8NE
01060
LEAU
START OF NEXT ROW
01070
LEAX
1 1/2 LINES
01080
DEC
01090
BNE
01100 DELAY
LDY
ADJUSTABLE DELAY
01110 01
LEAY
01120
8NE
011 30
RTS
01140 ACROSS RMB
01150 DOWN
RMB
RMB
01160 NJ
01170 N2
RMB
END
01180
R4
1112
R5
113
Nl
SA VE
R6
1/192
SET
R7
ll4B
RB
1112
CONT
113
N2
SAVE
NI
Pl CK
32. x
AND
.X++
lT
ACROSS
L3
24.U
48,X
SKIP
DOWN
L2
//$2000
- I. y
01
J
I
I
J
LOAO
Feature Program
CoCo Finds the Right Location
C
entering a phrase. or title onscreen
whi le writing progra ms can be a real
chore. ll i n '1 all that difficu It but involves
e nough tria l and error that it becomes a
laborious task. That's why I wrotePri111 Ar.
I' rim At is a simple BASIC program thaJ
helps you place a short line of text just about
anywhere on the screen. After running the
program, you are prompled to enter the
phrase; rype up 10 17 c haracters (to allow
longer lines. change I FL> l 7 in Line 90 to a
greater value) and press ENTER. Then use
the arrow keys to move the text line around
the screen. As you move the text, the actual
PRINT@ location is displayed at the bottom
of the ,;creen. You can move the phra<e
anywhere from the top line down to two
rows from the bottom.
When the text is positioned 10 your satisfaction and you have noted the proper
location, press BREAK. Then you can use
the location with the PR [ NT@ statemem in
your BASIC program. [t"s amazing how such
a simple program can be so handy.
John Musumeci is " retired 1V repairman whose sole hobby for the past eight
years has been working with C1nd programming the Color Computer. He may he contacted at /03 -57 104 Street, Ozone Park.
NY 11417. (718) 738-0212 . Please include
an SASE when requesting a reply _
16K Exiended
The Listing:
I
2
3
4
PR!NTAT
'PRINT AT
'BY JOHN MUSUHEC I
'COPYRIGHT (C) 1992
'BY FALSOFT, !NC.
•
5 ' RAJNBOW MAGAZINE
10 CLS: PRI NT@107 . "**PR! NT@**"
20 FORX • lT01000: NEX TX
30 PRI NT@270. "BY": FORX• J T0600: NE
XTX
40 PRINT@329. "JOHN MUSUMECI":FOR
X•IT02000: NEXTX
50 CLS: C•0:R-0:AT·0
60 SOUND225, l: PR!NT"ENTER PHRASE
(17 CHAR. MAX.)"
70 lNPUTAS:L•L EN(A$1
80 CLS:PR!NT@AT . AI
90 lFL>l7THENP RINT:PRINT"PHRASE
T-0-0 L- AR-GE":SOUN075,10: FORX-1
T0600: NEXTX: GOT050
100 FORX-1 T0600:NEXTX : PRINT@l06,
"USE ARROWS": SOUND225, l
110 Bl-I NKEH: IF 8S•""THEN!l0
120 IF ASC(BS)•9 THEN C-C+l:8-C+
L:IF 8>31 THEN C-32 - L
130 IF ASC(8$)-8 THEN C•C - l:IF C
<0 THEN C-0
140 IF ASC(BS)•94 THEN R•R - l:IF
R<0 THEN R•0
150 [F ASC(BS)•l0 THEN R•R+l:IF
R>J3 THEN R- 13
160 CLS
170 AT•32*R+C:PRINT@AT,A $
180 PR I NT@48 ! , "PR I NT@"': AT:
190 6010110
Listing 2: AN I MORAW
Listing 3: AN I MS HOW
1 'ANIMATION DRAWER
2 'BY WlLLIAM P. NEE
3 'COPYRIGHT CCJ 1992
4 'FALSOFT, INC.
5 ' RAIN BOW MAGAZINE
10 FOR N-1 TO B:READ Tl$(N):NEXT
20 PMODE4,l:COLOR0,5:PCLS:SCRE[N
1,1
30 Rl -12:R2-14:R3-16 : PI-4*ATN(J)
40 HH-32: VV-32
50 FOR N-0 TO 95
60 A-N*3. 75:A-A*ATN(J)/45
70 Al -3*A:A2-2*A:A3-A
80 [ F N-1 2 Tli[N 280
90 [ F N-24 THEN 280
100 [ F N-36 TH EN 2B0
110 IF N-48 THEN 2B0
120 [ F N-60 TH EN 280
130 fF N-72 THEN 280
140 lF N-B4 THEN 280
150 XJ-[NT(HH+Rl*COS(AJ+Pl/6) l
160 VJ-INT(VV-Rl*SIN(Al)l
170 X2-[NT(HH+R2*COS(A2+Pl/6))
180 Y2-INT(VV - R2*S!N(A2 ))
190 X3-INT<HH+R3*COS(A3+Pl/6))
200 Y3-lNTCVV-R3*SINCA3))
21 0 CIRCLE(HH,V V) , 8
220 PSET( Xl, YI ): PSET( X2, Y2): PSET
( X3. Y3)
230 HH-HH+64: IF HH>224 THEN HH-3
2:VV•VV+64: IF VV >l60 THEN VV-32
240 NEXT N: VERIFYON
250 SAVEM Tl$(8) , &HE00,&H25FF .&H
E00
260 GOTO 260
270 DATA ANIMlA,ANIMJB,ANIMlC,AN
[MJO, ANIM I E, ANIMI F, ANIMJG, AN [ MlH
280 VERIFYON
290 SAVEM Tl$(N/12) ,&HE00,&H25FF
,&HE00
300 PMODE4,l:COLOR0.5:PCLS:SCREE
NI, J: GOTO ! 50
l 'ANIMATION SHOW
2 'BY WILLIAM P. NEE
3 'COPYRIGHT (Cl 1992
4 'BY FALSO FT , I NC.
5 'RAINBOW MAGAZINE
10 CLEAR 200, &H3500 - l
20 l F PEEKC&H3500l<>l42 THEN LOA
DH" AN IM": POKE&HFF40. 0
30 PMODE4.l:COLOR0.5:PCLS:SCREEN
1,1
40 READ Fl$. SP: POKE &H37C4, SP
50 POKE &H 3504. &H3B
60 LOADM Fl$+" A": EXEC &H3500
70 POKE &H3504, &H50
80 LOADM Fl$+"B": EXEC &H3500
90 POKE &H3504. &H68
100 LO ADM F [ $+"C": EX EC &H 35 00
l 10 POKE &H3504. &H80
120 LOADM Fl$+"D" : EXEC &H3500
130 POKE &H3504. &H9B
I •0 LOADM F [ $+" E": EX EC &H3500
I50 POKE &H 350 4.&HB0
160 LOADM Fl$+"F" :EX EC &H3500
170 POKE &H3504. &HC8
IB0 LOADM Fl$+"G" : EHC &fl3500
190 POKE &H3504, &H E0
200 LOADM FIS+"H": EXEC &H3500
210 POKE &HFF40.0
220 PMODE4, I: COLOR0. 5: PCLS: SCREE
NI. I
230
240
250
260
EX EC &H3520
GOTO 230
DATA ANIMJ.&H10
'DATA ANIM2.&H20
August 1992
THE RAINBOW
25
F11lllre Program
Protect Your Parcels With Care Labels
hen you send a tape or di k through
the mail. good packing 1echniques are
essential . It can also help to lei posUll employees know !hat what you are sending is
somewhat delicate. You can do this by
puning warning labels on your packages.
Post Care is designed for use with a
CoCo and a DMP-130 printer, and prints
warning labels for you. The program suppons one-up labels that arc 4 inches wide by
1~ inches tal I and prints two copies of the
warning on each label. Enter POSTCARE
from the listing and save it to tape or disk.
Linc 10 sets !he computer's sending speed
10 2400 bps. Alter this poke to match your
setup. The control codes used are supported
by most Tandy printers, though you may
need to change them if your printer docsn 't
W
suppon
the same
features
as the
DMP130(ur if
your primer is not a Tandy). The control
codes are commented in the listing.
When you run the program, you arc
prompted for whether you want a label for
a disk (press D) or a tape (press T). To end
the program, press E. The label is then
printed and the prompt returns, allowing
you to print a bunch of labels at one time.
Only once did 1forgelto attach a label IO
a tape I sent from Australia to the U.S. That
package went through an electronic saning
machine in San Francisco and was lhor-
---C';~JNa3~-:r:a~
~:C..B.A.~B
..A.:Jlil"X>
.A.~C>XX>
:JIC.A.c:>-:Br.EICT X c::;
---C~lKE""U~R
~L:B.A.~B
~
-:X-.A.~::a--- ey
x c::
E"' X ::SLX>IE3'
X~
x
..A.Y'3
:SX..:J.>'3
g£
The fol/awing produc1s have recently
been received by THE RAINBOW, examined
hy our staffand issued the Rainbow Seal of
Cerrification, your assurance that we have
seen the product and have ascertained that
it is what it purports to be.
P- X :BLX>.tei
**-*Cc:u•c:l!'..U'X-~~ :t:> ii'. S.K*'**
:E»X..;SA.$.B
.A.VOX:P
:X- :R.A.Y'3
A•E;Jt
><.A.0-:lit°;JS"J;' X C::
E"' i: :BL:DE:ll
***CC>:M:li>U--X-,:e;:R
PL:B~~:B
A::N"X>
AV01~
lMC.A..Ol>:JIT:S:-r X ·C::
---C~XP'U~:B~
~~~..A.~:B
A~::c>
A~~X~
:N.A.~~TXC
Kcira11 Kenny's interests lie mainly with
the Color Computer's graphics and math
capabilities.Bur in his own words. "I like to
1ryeverything." Hemaybeco111actedat 111
5 Milson Road, Cremorne, NSW.Australia
2090.
.-------------------------------.
*
:.M;.A.o...-:s-:r X c;
rive imact. Consider saving your permie>.
folks .]
~
:itc:itc :itcC~:M:JE""U-:X-:B~
-i- ..A.:J?:B>!IC :itc
JP:C..:B.A.S:B .A. V "C> XX> ::X:-:R.A. YllB
.A.:Jlr.C>
people al.•n wrap aluminum foil around
disks and tapes before packing them. Based
on the number ofdisks and rapes we receive
daily, our experience shows this has linle
effect 011 whether or nor the martria/s ar-
T..A.~:a--­
..A.~C>X~
~.-:a-:r
~-R.A.Y~
oughly destroyed (I don ' t know how !he
machine fared). Since labels aren ' t theendall for proicction, also exercise care when
packing your tapes or disks - place stiff
cardboard on bolh sides of a disk, and pack
tapes in sponge rubber or corrugated cardboard. !Editor's Note: We've noticed some
CCTools. a shareware windowing environment for the Coco 3 and OS-9 Level a.
This environment integrates File, Disk and
Utility Management with application
launching capabilities. Requires a 5 l 2K
CoCo 3. OS-9 Level D, Shell+ and at least
I Meg of free disk storage. Micm80 Users
:c> :J:. llal!CW<:'*'-
~-~AY~
P- J: :BL::c>.tei
X>X~~--­
~-RA~S
P-X:BL::c>~
Group. 598 River1on Ave. , Winnipeg, MB
ta&CB
R2L OP/, Canada; $15 U.S. or $18 Cdn.
r~gistration fee , mone_v
ence Words Set from the Forth-83 Standard. Also includes a complete Case Structure package, a complele String Operations
package, and a Printer Control package.
~equires CF83 Forth and die Standard
Required Words Set. BDS Software, P.O.
Box 485, Gltnview, IL 60025-0485, (708)
998-1656; $20 with manual. $/0 with
manual on disk; Canadiar orders add $3,
all other foreign orders add $10: all funds
U.S.
lcon-Basic09 V 1.9a, the latest version of
lcon-BasidJ9. a graphic user interface for
BAStC09 under OS-9 Level U. (See Received & Cenified listing In the June 1992
issue.Page22.)HAWKSoft,P.0 .Box 7112 ,
£/gin,IL60121-7112 ,(708} 742-3084: $20.
orders on/)'.
The Listing: POSTCARE
1 'POST OFFICE TAKE CAREi
2 'BY KEIRAN KENNY
3 'COPYRIGHT (C ) 1992
4 'SY FlllSOFT, INC .
5 'RAINBOW HAGAZINE
111 POKE1511.18 '24811 baud
211 PRIN f# - 2,CHRSC27l:CHRS<l8l : CH
RSC27l :CHRS( 14) ;CHRSC27l :CHRS ( Jl
l: 'OMP-130 NLO, Elongated,
Bold
39 CLS:PRINT@224."(0l!SK OR CTlA
PE MAILER OR (E) NO"
40 KS-IN KEYS: IFKS<>"D"ANOKS<>"T"
ANOKSO" E"THEN40
50 IFKS-"E"THEN120
60 l FKS-"T"THEN90
70 PRINTf · 2 : PR INTf - 2, "***COMPUTE
R OISK*0 " :PRINT# - 2, "PLEASE /\VOi
0 X-RAYS":PRINT# - 2. "ANO HAGNETIC
FI ELDS"
80 GOTOIBB
911 PRINTf - 2:PR INTf - 2, "***COMPUTE
R TllPE*'"*" : PRINTf- 2,"PLEllSE AVOI
0 X·RAYS":PRIN T# - 2. "/\NO MAGNETIC
FIELDS"
108 NR-NR+l : I FNR/2-1 NH NR/ 2 >THEN
PRINT# - 2
118 GOT030
120 PRINT# · 2 ,CHRS(27) :CHRSC15l :C
HRH 21): CH RSC 32): 'End Elongated
, Bold
STILL USING OS9GEN, COBBLER OR
CONFIG?
Now - create Boot Disks in 111ll.Ch. less time!
EzGen vl.09:
ll.
44 SECONDS!
•1Df2mcAL opentions on ID!!NJJCA.L fragmented boot dlsk.s2 deletes and 1 Insert performed by both utilities!
• 1'01' machine luicu-ie
• Make muldple boot cllsks ID one
-lo•
• Edit ulrtlng boot files In place
• P•lcb modules
• Ch.age order or modulea In
seconds
easily
• Load UrneJ rrom disk or mem
KWIKGEN vl.01
OS9 Level I and Level u
av.-
assembler. Requires CF1!3 Forth and the
Standard Required Words Set. BDS Software, P.O. Box 485, Glenview, ll 60015-
0485. (708) 998-1656; $22 with printed
manual, $15 with manual on disk; Canadian orders add$3. all otherforeign orders
add $10; al/funds U.S.
CF83·8: Uncontrolled Reference Words
Plus, a ponion of the Uncontrolled Refer-
ltwoogh DELPHI
FASTEST BOOTFILE EDITOR!
The _Rainbow Seal of Certiftca!ion is
open to all ltltJK/lfactutm of :prtldP.cts
appbeable to~ Tlllfdy Color Compurer
rf!8ardlas of wMtlu!ror not tlwu (Olff/Xlqie.r~ ill..THE IWNBOW. Bj> Qlllai'ding the.Seti/. w cenify theproilucl 9Jitswe have.a sample-r:ppy a.nd
exaf!lioed
it'. Hawe>1er, thl& does nor con.Srii!!!~~a(IJ
guarantee. ofsatisfa~tion. As soon·a'l<'Pos.
l·ibU:, the:re. prodll.Cl:r Will be /orwar#d ·tO
re1•i"ewers fqr eyaJ,ualion.
" ·'
oot
KWIKZAP vl.1
OS9 LH FILE EDITOR/ZAPPER
KwikGen vl.01:
5 mins 40 secs.
• Edlllng doue ID memor]'
• Load boot from disk or
memory
Demos
CF83-S:AssemblerExten ion Word Set,
an extended set of mnemonics for the CF83
Send check or money onltr to:
GALE FORCE
ENTERPRISF.s
P.O. Box U036, Stn. F, V-•.,.,
B.C, C-4a VSN 5L4
Checks: allow 4-41 weeks for
delivery. Money orders
processed immediately for
KWIK deUvery!
Phone: (604) 589-1660
Introductory Price:
each
$19.95 U.S.
(+$4.00 shipping and handling)
• Display updating Is Instantaneous
• C.Onfigurable environment
• Dynamic sector stack
• Work on file or stack
• Searching functions
• Allows editing or nibbles or hllll bytes
• Built-in help - easy to u.se
• Selective verify command
• Runs with l28K
• 100% machine language
AWESOME FILE EDITOR FOR
YOUR CoCo !II
THE RAINBOW
Cl Payment Enclosed, or 0
:J VISA
Charge to:
0 MasterCard Q American Express
Account Number - - - - - - -- - - - - -Zip _ _ _ _ _ __
:J The Rainbow Book of SfmulaUons (lirsI}
:J Rainbow Simulatlons Tape ( first~
:J Flrst Slmulatlons Package
'.JThe Second Rainbow Book of Slmulallons
-I second Rainbow Simulations Tape
.J Second Rainbow Simulations Dlsk
J Second Slmulations Package with Tape
:i Second Slmulations Package with Disk
J The Complete Reinbow Gulde to OS-9
Cl Rainbow Guk:le to OS-9 Disk Set (2 disks)
::I Rainbow Gulde to OS-9 Package
8 The Windows & Appllcetlons Disk for
The Comolete Rainbow Gulde
to OS-9 Level 11. Vol. I
.9:95s
3.50 - $feSS $ 3.50 - $).9lltf $ 600 - $_.HS"$ 4.95 - $~ $ 4.95 _ _
$l6'.!!5 $ 4.95 - $JM"O $ B.95
$~ $ B.95
$
$19:9( 512.95
===
~$1U5 _ _
~$29.95 _ _
$19.95 - -
.J The Rainbow Book of Adventures (first)
$~$
:I Rainbow Adventures Tape (first)
O First Adventure Package
$
2-00 _ _
:r.g( $ 2-00 - -
$~
$ 3.50 _ _
0 The Second Rainbow Book of Adventures
$~$ 6.95 _ _
OSaoond Rainbow AdverituresTapa
$~$ 6.95 _ _
o Second Adventur& Package
~$11.95
__
Card Exp. Date _ _ Signature - - - - - -- -.JThe Third Rainbow Book of Adventures
-1Thlni Adventures Tape
-'ThiniAoventures Disk Se< (2 d~ks)
-'Thiro Adventure Package with Tape
JTh1rd Aaventure Package with Disk
UThe Founh Rainbow Sook of Adventures
OFounh Adventures Tape
OFounh Adventures Disk
CJ Fourth Adventure Package with Tape
~5 $ 6.95
s--rl5 $ 6.95 _ _
Sl4'.f5 $ 7.95 _ _
~ $11 .95
$26:"9o $12 .95
$.J.e:9s S 7.95 _ _
s--rls s 6.95 _ _
$.M'=95 $11 .95 _ _
S201i:i
OFourth Adventure Package with Disk
~
i.J A Full Turn of the Screw
U lntroductory Gulde to Statistics
~5
LlGuide to Statistics Tape or Disk (indicate choice) ~5
CJGuide to Statistics Package
(lrcllcate choice of tape or disk)
Add $2 par book Shipping and Handl ng ln U.S.
$1-2'.00
$i3.90 _ _
$18.90 _ _
$19.95 _ _
$ 2.95 _ _
$ 2.95 _ _
$ 4.95 _ _
OLnslde U.S •• add $4 per book
Kentucky residents add 6% sales iax
C;;inadiiln residonts add 7°.4. GST
(Allow 6 to 8 weeks tor delivery)
Total
Mall to: Rainbow Bookshelf, The Felsott Building, P-0. Box385, Prospect, KY 40059. To order by phone (credit card orders
only) call (800) 847-0309, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST. For other Inquiries call (502) 228-4492.
Please note: The tapes and disks offered by The Rambow Bookshelf are notstancf.alone products. That lt, they are intended to be an adjunct and complement to the books_
Even Wyou buy the tape or disk, you will still need the appropnale book for loading and operating lnslnJCtlons OS-9 is a registered ltademark of !he Mic:roware Sys le ms
Corporation.
August 1992
TH E RAINBOW
27
••••••••••••••••••••lllllllmmma.~~~~m~i~~::r~~r:
I
I
Thccritiawillbc nvingabout thlsstratcgygame! Based on an originalconcept byauthorTcffSleidd,
Photon is an .addictive time-muncher in I.he spirit of Ummingsn and TetrU™. Match wits with
Ludevide, the evil powcrdroid,asyou reason yourwaythrough over60 devious levels. The numerou.s
original musicscores.d.ipjtil.edspeechand.5DundeffecU1 andpleuinganimationandgraphia cnrich
Photon to make it :1n unparalleled pming experience. Soon to be rclca.sed on a variety ofcomputer
platforms, the CoCo Community is lucky enough lo be gi~n 6rsl glance at this fantastk game! Req.
12.Sk CoCo-3, d'8k drive, and jo)"tick.
••nh••••'n••n•hmh O
Oom-·
$34.95
! , ',',,',',
•••m•m•h hO ,•, , .,
500/o OFF!
Advertisers Index
Burke & BUJlie----···-·-----···--·--·-··-·-· '27
.1WT~scs
..:.....:..................... 11
........................................ 11 Owl-Ware ,......................................... 7
.,..... - .............................. 23 Rainbow Back .tssUet.,••._............:..••t 8
"·~'k::
BC Raillbow BooJi;Shelf .........................;26
Rainbow SubscriJJtWn ...,.................. 14
Ctr~
Ce~
........... . . . . . . . .
·9(\V~.HBli; Inc. ........_, .......:......... ,.. 9
~ - -~:.•;_, ...................................._..21
ltaillb!lw on TllPCIDI* ..........,......... 13
Sebtsrian l..aSJ)itla,••1..., ...... . ............. 19
BVl!r$!lft Games, Ltd .........,..........,..... 3 left~ ~~.........._,,,,!:·-. ·········--··· · -·~····· 3
-~Systems ..... ~ ........- ................ 17 ~~"·"·-·-- ..........'....,.... _5
Gale Rm:c Eotcrprille8 ·- - ················ 2' ~s~.:........- .........-........21
.. GnmitiD COmpuietS~ .............. 19
Hawk&Oft .......................................... 27
Sundog Sy.item.,, is Wowing oMhelcctcd bKk'"5tocksoftwatt, and you can now take advantage oftbcsc
bargains lo completeyuur Sundogcolleclion! Pura limiled lime; you canbuymmeof lbebestCoCo
games at 50% offrd<rilpri«!rn.JI alf f2ctory-new gamesoflwm ...you'll n<Ver !ind• better deal!
Paladin's kgacy
reg. $24.95
Hall of the King 1, 2, or 3 reg. $29.95
Kung-Fu Dude
reg. $24.95
White Fire of Eternity
reg. $19.95
Drogon Blade
reg. Sl9.95
Champion
reg. $19.95
o cau:
"""' $12.451
"""' $14.951
nl1W$12.451
now$9.951
rrow$9.951
now$9.951
Kim lewis
Advertising Representative
[@ Ca ll:
Belinda Kirby
Advertising Representative
The Falson Building
9509 U.S. Highway 4Z, P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY 40059
(502) 228-4492 • FAX (502) 228-5121
We appreciate your mentioning THE RAINBOW when you contact these advertisers.
JBdJlPije
l£
JBvlPije
P.O. Box 733 Maple Valley, WA 98038
U.S. ORDER DESK : (800) 237-2409
I NT'L & TECHNICAL · (206) 432-1814
con Basic09
The next programming language for OS-91
Icon Baslc09 is a graphical user interface (GUI) to Basic09, which
will make programming easier than avert Icon Basic09 takes an
Innovative approach by using graphic representations, or icons, to
represent statements and keywords for writing Basic09 programs and
procedures. Instead of constantly typing while writing a program, the
user can simply point & click to choose the desired statement!
Icon Basic09 can also be very useful in studying procedures and
programs written by others to learn how they operate. The package
contains a full set of icons... or, you may edit or create icons using the
included icon editor. Icon Basic09 requires a CoCo-3 with at least 256k,
mouse or joystick, and OS-9 Iv 2.
$20
Dual hi-res joptlck adapter (RS/Colorware)
HI & Lo-res joptlck adapter
HAWKsoft keJboard extension cable
Domination (' Risk"-like wargamell
MJDOS full-featured DOS extension
$40
$27
$25
$18
$ 15
Elgin, IL 60121-7112
(708} 7 42-3084 eves & ends
US and CON S&H always included. Terms: MO, check, or COD.
RUN OS9 LEVEL 2 VIS/BLY FASTER - GET A
$29.95 POWERBOOST FROM BURKE & BURKE!
You can """ the difference in 0$9 L.ewl 2 when you inst.all the PowerBoost kit from
Burke & Burke . It includes the amazing Hitachi HD63809E microprocessor, a 1003
compatible higi>-peiformance replacement for yolD' CoCo 3' MC68809E. Using the
HD63B09E'1 added reai11era and bigh-1pe41d imtructi.on set, block moves and other
functions are up to 1z as rut! The PowerBoolt kit includes BID'ke & Burl<e's
PowerBoott software , which modifies your 0$9 L.evel 2 operating system for futer
multi-taalW>B, Jl"'Phica, and dick l/O whoo ..ing the HD63B09E. SOL.DERINO IS
REQUIRED TO INSTALL. THE HD6JB09E.
PowerBoost(H063809Ew/ So/lw1=1brOS9)
$299.S
The 6309 Book by Chris Burke. Thia book describes the inotruction tet or the
HD63B09E microprocessor, and gives ....mbly language enmples that help you
de~t the higi>-perfonnance pro<:MSOr and take advantage of ito capabiliti.. in your
progn.ms. h:ciudes disk with 0$9 Assembler I Disusembler I Debuner patches for
HD63B09E. REQUIRED 'ASM' ASSEMBLER , 'DEBUG' DEBUOOER. AND HD63809E
MICROPROCESSOR NOT INCLUDED.
T/Je6.J09 Book (Includes disk i+it.ltdew.Jopmeat too.ls for0S9)
.f.?4. .9..f
'ffVllLO GY.A£5'CHESS' -- Use Gyros C/Jess 1+'/Level 2
rlLESYSTEMllEPACK 1. J -- Ft1sterdisi:defmgmenter
.R. S. B. ' - OiskBAS!CforLe•Pl.?(BASJC.llOMr<yuired).
EZOEN1. 09 - H1tndy<ltpowerlill OS9/JootJ'ileedilor
ZCLOCK - Continuous rime / dnre disp111y on Ler't'l.2 sr:ree.n
COCV XT - Use PC1J1url dtive Jtf CoCo / OS9 .SIWind
(Add$.J0forlleal-Time aock. Add$20fornvro-boot ROM)
,f29.95
$29.95
,f39.95
$.19.9S
$.<J.95
.f69. .9S
WA RESIDENTS ADD 8.23 SAL.ES TAX . Mme!Card & VISA """"P"'d. U.S. COD'sadd
$3 .75 . Min. U.S. shipping $1 .00 . Min. to Canada $!! .00. Plea.. >.!low 2 weeks for
delivery. Overnight or 2nd- day available for in-stock items. Software upgrades $5 .00
eoch w/receipt, including U.S. thipping .
Call or write for a free catalog of more exciting Color Computer products!
Tandy 2500 SX/25 HD $1099.00
Tandy 4825 SX/25 HD $1739
Color Computer Disk Drive
Drive O $239 Drive 1 $149
DMP-136 $1~~·
BIG SAVINGS
TandyFax 1500 $539*
ON A FULL COMPLEMENT OF RADIO SHACK COMPUTER PRODUCTS
COMPUTERS
Tandy 1000 RLX HD with VGM-220
Tandy 1110HD1Drive640K
Tandy 1800 HD 1 Drive 1 Meg RAM
Tandy 1000 RL HD with CM11
Tandy 1100 FD 1 Drive 640K
PRINTERS
TandyDMP-136213CPS
Tandy DMP-302 270 CPS
Tandy DMP-202180 CPS
TandyDMP-442300CPS
Tandy LP-950 Laser Printer
Tandy DMP-240192 CPS8 color
Panasonic KXP 1180 192 CPS
Panasonic KXP 1123 24 Wirehead
Panasonic KXP 1124 i300 CPS
Okidata 320 300 CPS
Okidata 380 180 CPS 24 Wire HD
OKI Laser 400 4PPM
MODEMS
Tandy DCM-6
Tandy DCM-7
Cardinal 1200 Baud External
Cardinal 2400 Baud External
839 .00
929 .00 •
929 .00 •
569.00.
469.00 •
199.00
469.00
299.00
539.00
1299.00
399.00
189.00
259.00
329.00
369.00
239.00
679.00
•
•
•
COLOR COMPUTER MISC.
Tandy Drive Controller
Extended Basic Rom Kit (28 pin)
64K Ram Upgrade Kit (2 or 8 chip)
Tandy Deluxe Keyboard Kit
HI-RES Joystick Interface
Color Computer Deluxe Mouse
Multi Pak Pal Chip for COCO 3
COC03 Service Manual
Serial to Parallel Converter
Tandy Deluxe Joystick
Magnavox 8135 RGB Monitor
Magnavox Green or Amber Monitor
Coco 3 Gime Chip
Tandy Pistol Grip Joystick
PBJ OK COCO 3 Upgrade Board
PBJ 512K COCO 3 Upgrade
Tandy OK COCO 3 Upgrade Board
Tandy 5 12K coco 3 Upgrade
89.00.
19.95
39.00
24.95
8.95
44.00
14.95
29.95
59.95
19.95
299.00
99.00
29.95
26.95
29.95
89.00
39.95
99.00.
COLOR COMPUTER SOFTWARE
TAPE
The Wild West (COCO 3)
Worlds of Flight
34.95
Mustang P-51 Flight Simul. 34.95
Flight 16 Flight Simul.
34.95
DISK
25.95
34.95
34.95
34.95
•
52.00
85.00
99.00
129.00
Tandy Educatioal Software
Spinnaker Software
Max 1Oby Colorware
AutoTerm by PXE Computing 29.95
TW-80 by Spectrum (COCO 3)
TeleWriter 64
49.95
TeleWriter 128
Elite Word 80
Elite Cale 3.0
Coco 3 512K Super Ram Disk
Home Publishing by Tandy (Coco 3)
Sub Battle Sim. by Epyx (Coco 3)
Thexderby Sierra (Coco 3)
Kings Quest Ill by Sierra (Coco 3)
Flight Sim. II by Sublogic (Coco 3)
OS-9 Level 11 by Tandy
OS-9 Development System
Multi-View by Tandy
VIP Writer (disk only)
VIP Integrated Library (disk}
2.00
2.00
79.95
39.95
39.95
59.95
79.95
79.95
69.95
19.95
35.95
26.95
22.45
31.45
31.45
71 .95
89.95
44.95
69.95
149.95
Prices are subject lo change wtthout nolloe. Plea9e call for
shipping charges. Prices In our ratall slon! may be nigher.
Send for complete catlllog.
'Sale prices lhrougn 8-10-92
CALL TOLL FREE
1-800-343-8124
• LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES
• BEST POSSIBLE WARRANTY
• KNOWLEDGEABLE SALES STAFF
•TIMELY DELIVERY
•SHOPPING CONVENIENCE
==
I
E~q~,.3
Tandy is a reglslered lrademark ot Tandy Corp.
P. 0. Box 1094
480 King Street
Littleton, MA 01460
IN MASSACHUSETIS CALL (508) 486 3193
us
SINCE 1973