Download Fenestra: Window to Meet the Deceased
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å士è«æ 2013 幎床ïŒå¹³æ 25 å¹ŽåºŠïŒ æ 人ã«é¢ããçª âFenestraâ âãããžã¿ã«ã®åœ¢èŠãã§æ 人ãå²ã¶ãâç掻ã«éŠŽæãäŸé€å瀌ã®ãã¶ã€ã³â Fenestra: Window to Meet the Deceased âDesigning Memorial Services Fit into Everyday Life with âDigital Remainsââ æ ¶æ矩塟倧åŠå€§åŠé¢ã¡ãã£ã¢ãã¶ã€ã³ç ç©¶ç§ ççå€§èŒ ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ å士è«æ 2013 幎床ïŒå¹³æ 25 å¹ŽåºŠïŒ æ 人ã«é¢ããçª âFenestraâ âãããžã¿ã«ã®åœ¢èŠãã§æ 人ãå²ã¶ãç掻ã«éŠŽæãäŸé€å瀌ã®ãã¶ã€ã³â Fenestra: Window to Meet the Deceased âDesigning Memorial Services Fit into Everyday Life with âDigital Remainsââ è«æã«ããŽãªãŒïŒãã¶ã€ã³ïŒœ ççå€§èŒ ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ æ¬è«æã¯æ ¶æ矩塟倧åŠå€§åŠé¢ã¡ãã£ã¢ãã¶ã€ã³ç 究ç§ã« å士ïŒã¡ãã£ã¢ãã¶ã€ã³åŠïŒæäžã®èŠä»¶ãšããŠæåºãããã ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ ââç 究æå°ã³ãããã£ââ å¥¥åº çŽäºº æ ¶æ矩塟倧åŠå€§åŠé¢ã¡ãã£ã¢ãã¶ã€ã³ç ç©¶ç§ ææïŒäž»æå°æå¡ïŒ çš²èŠ æ圊 æ ¶æ矩塟倧åŠå€§åŠé¢ã¡ãã£ã¢ãã¶ã€ã³ç ç©¶ç§ ææïŒå¯æå°æå¡ïŒ çš²è æ£åœŠ æ ¶æ矩塟倧åŠå€§åŠé¢ã¡ãã£ã¢ãã¶ã€ã³ç ç©¶ç§ ææïŒå¯æå°æå¡ïŒ ç å ç§æš¹ æ ¶æ矩塟倧åŠå€§åŠé¢ã¡ãã£ã¢ãã¶ã€ã³ç ç©¶ç§ ææïŒå¯æå°æå¡ïŒ ââè«æ審æ»å§å¡ââ çš²è æ£åœŠ æ ¶æ矩塟倧åŠå€§åŠé¢ã¡ãã£ã¢ãã¶ã€ã³ç ç©¶ç§ ææïŒäž»æ»ïŒ çš²èŠ æ圊 æ ¶æ矩塟倧åŠå€§åŠé¢ã¡ãã£ã¢ãã¶ã€ã³ç ç©¶ç§ ææïŒå¯æ»ïŒ ç å ç§æš¹ æ ¶æ矩塟倧åŠå€§åŠé¢ã¡ãã£ã¢ãã¶ã€ã³ç ç©¶ç§ ææïŒå¯æ»ïŒ 島è é² äžæºå€§åŠç¥åŠéš ç¹ä»»ææã»ã°ãªãŒãã±ã¢ç 究æ æé·ïŒå¯æ»ïŒ ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ 2014 幎 2 æ 27 æ¥ ã¡ãã£ã¢ãã¶ã€ã³ç 究ç§ã»ç 究ç§å§å¡äŒæ¿èª ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ æ¬è«æã«ãããŠæ²èŒããåçã»å³è¡šã®ãã¡ãç¹ã«æ³šéã®ãªã ãã®ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã¹ãŠçè ãæ®åœ±ãããã¯äœæãããã®ã§ããã å士è«ææŠèŠ ãã«ã®äžã«åãããã宀å å¢ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããäžã®ããŒãã£ã«å¢å°ãå°åã§ã¢ã ã³ãªæå ãæã€ä»å£ããã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ãæèŒãããããžã¿ã«ä»å£ããéºç°ãéºæã®ããš ã§ä¿ç®¡ãããæå äŸé€ããæ¥æ¬ã«ãããæ»è äŸé€ã®äŒçµ±ãå€é©ãªããã¯åœ¢éªžåããã ããšããŠãããæ¬ç 究ã¯ããã®ãããªç¶æ³ã«å¯ŸããŠãŠããã¿ã¹ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã° ã«é¢ããæè¡ã®æŽ»çšãæ€èšããå ·äœçãªãã¶ã€ã³ã®ææ¡ãè¡ããã®ã§ããã ããžã¿ã«ã¡ãã£ã¢ã®å©çšãäžè¬åããä»æ¥ã誰ãã亡ããªããã³ã«ãçåã®æ 人 ãæãåºãããåçãæ åãªã©ã®ãããžã¿ã«ã®åœ¢èŠãã倧éã«æ®ããããããã㯠éºæã«ãšã£ãŠæã«ç²Ÿç¥çãªèŠçãäžããååšã§ããäžæ¹ã§ãäŒçµ±çãªæ»è äŸé€ã®é å ·ã§ããä»å£ãä»å ·ãæ 人ã®æåãèšããäœçãéå»åž³ãããçŽæ¥çã«æ 人ãå²ã° ãã貎éãªåªäœãšããŠå€§åã«ä¿ç®¡ããããæ¬ç 究ã§ã¯ãæ±äº¬è¿éã«æ®ãã人ã ãä» æ¥è¡ãæ³èŠãæ»è äŸé€ã«é¢ããæ°æèªèª¿æ»ãšãäžçäžã«ååšããæ»è ãžã®è¿œæŒãäŸ é€ã®å瀌ã®ããã®ãã¶ã€ã³èª¿æ»ããµãŸããããžã¿ã«ã®åœ¢èŠã掻çšããŠäŸé€ã®å瀌ã æ 人ãå²ã¶è¡çºãæ¯æŽããéå · âFenestraâ ããã¶ã€ã³ããã åé¡ããã©ããã¬ãŒã ããã£ã³ãã«ãã«ããŒããæã Fenestra ã¯ã ãé¡ããã£ãšèŠ ã€ãããã ãããŠãœã¯ã«ç«ãç¯ãããšãã 2 çš®é¡ã®åäœã«åå¿ããŠãæ 人ã®é¢åœ±ïŒé¡ïŒ ããæ 人ãå¥åšã ã£ãé ã®å®¶æã®éååçãæ¥åžžãèšé²ããåçã衚瀺ãããæ¬è«æ ã§ã¯ãæ°å¹Žä»¥å ã«è¿èŠªã亡ãããŠãã 3 人ã®æ¹ãããããã®ç掻空éã®äžã§ Fenestra ãä»ããŠãæ 人ã«é¢ããæ§åãå ±åãããšãšãã«ãããããçãŸããæ°ããäŸé€ã® å瀌ãæ 人ãå²ã¶è¡çºãå ·äœçã«æãåºãããããŠãå 端æè¡ã掻çšãããã¶ã€ã³ ãããããŸã§äž»ã«å®æãæ ã£ãŠããæ»è ãžã®è¿œæŒãäŸé€ã®å瀌ãšãã£ãã人ã ã®å é¢ã«å®¿ãã¹ããªãã¥ã¢ãªãã£ããæ¯æŽã§ããããšã蚌æããã ããŒã¯ãŒã ãã¶ã€ã³ãæ»è äŸé€ãå®æåŠãæ°æèªèª¿æ»ããŠããã¿ã¹ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã° Abstract of Dissertation Japanese traditional memorial services have been excessively simplified thus alternatives have appeared; indoor-cemetery in building, virtual cemetery on the Internet, âdigital Buddhist altarâ having digital display, and a way of keeping ashes at hand called âtemoto kuyo.â Considering the situation, this research conducts to provide a design of memorial services utilizing technologies for Ubiquitous Computing. Digital photos, videos, and other media evoking the deceased could be left whenever somebody dies, since these have been infiltrated into the society. These âdigital remainsââalthough sometimes giving the bereaved emotional distressâ are carefully handled, because it could let them commemorate the deceased more than traditional things. There has been, for example, Buddhist altar with ritual articles, ihai and kakocho recording afterlife names. Hence, I designed a tool called âFenestraâ for memorial rituals and of remembering the deceased with digital remains, through conducting ethnography of memorial services to people living around Tokyo and surveying designs for memorial rituals in the world. Fenestraâconsisting of a round mirror, a photo frame, and a candle holderâ shows face-photos of the deceased, and family photos or everyday snapshots in his/her life; responding two types of actions: âlooking at the mirrorâ and âlighting the candle on fire.â This paper describes experience of âmeeting the deceasedâ in everyday life, by asking three persons who lost their relatives in the past few years to use Fenestra in their each living spaces. The research draws novel ways of memorial services and remembering the deceased, and proves that designs with cutting edge technologies can support peopleâs spiritualities hidden behind mourning and memorial rituals, which have always been assumed by religions throughout the history. Keywords Design, Memorial Services, Science of Religion, Ethnography, Ubiquitous Computing ç®æ¬¡ å士è«ææŠèŠ 1 ç®æ¬¡ 7 å³ç®æ¬¡ 14 è¡šç®æ¬¡ 15 第1ç« åºè« 16 泚 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 第2ç« é¢é£ç 究 29 32 2.1 æè¡é©æ°ãšå瀌ã»å®æã»ã¹ããªãã¥ã¢ãªã㣠. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Techno-Spiritual Practices ã®æ代 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 ã®ã¢ããšãšãªã¢ãŒãããå®æçãªããã®ããå·¡ãæ»é² . . . . . 35 ãå®æã®ãªãä¿¡ä»°ããšãä¿¡ä»°ã®ãªãå®æã . . . . . . . . . . . 36 æ¥ç±³æ¬§ãååšãããä¿¡ä»°ã®ãªãå®æã . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 æ¥æ¬ã§ç¬èªã«ãä¿åãããããªã¹ãæ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 å®æå¶åºŠã»ä¿¡ä»°ã®å€ã«æ®ãã¹ããªãã¥ã¢ãªã㣠. . . . . . . . 44 æ°ããã¹ããªãã¥ã¢ãªã㣠. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 æè¡ãã¹ããªãã¥ã¢ãªãã£ãæ¯æŽããæ代 . . . . . . . . . . . 46 2.2 HCI ãæ¯æŽããã¹ããªãã¥ã¢ãªãã£ãšæ» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Techno-Spiritual Practices ã®ãã®åŸ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 æ»ã«ãŸã€ããã¹ããªãã¥ã¢ãªãã£ã®æ¯æŽ . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 2.3 æ¥åžžç掻ã«ãããçµéšãã¶ã€ã³ã®ããã®æ¹æ³è« . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 ã€ã³ã¿ã©ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãã¶ã€ã³ããçµéšãã¶ã€ã³ãž . . . . . . . . 55 æ»ã«ãŸã€ãã HCI ãã¶ã€ã³ã®è©Šã¿ ããŒãªãã·ã¥ã®ãã«ã«ã䞻矩æ¹å€ãšãŠã£ãã°ã©ãŒãã®äººå·¥ç¥ èœç 究æ¹å€ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 58 ãµãããã³ã® âSituated Actionsâ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 ããŒãªãã·ã¥ã®çŸè±¡åŠçèšèšææ³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 HCI ãã¶ã€ã³ç 究ã«ãããæ°æèªèª¿æ»ã®å°å ¥ . . . . . . . . . 63 æ¥åžžç掻ã«ãããçµéšãã¶ã€ã³ã®ããã®æ¹æ³è« . . . . . . . . 65 2.4 解éåŠçæ°æåŠãš HCI ãã¶ã€ã³çè« . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 ã®ã¢ãã®æ°æèªèª¿æ»ã«ããå瀌ç 究 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 ã®ã¢ãã®è§£éåŠçæ°æåŠ: Thick DescriptionïŒåãèšè¿°ïŒ . . 67 æ°æèªçææ³ã® HCI ãã¶ã€ã³ãžã®å¿çš . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 人æç§åŠçãªæ°æèªææ³ãžã®æ¹å€ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Design Anthropology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 æ°æèªèª¿æ»ããã¶ã€ã³ã«åæ ãããé£ãã . . . . . . . . . . . 77 ã¡ã³ã¿ã«ã¢ãã«ãå©çšãããã¶ã€ã³ææ³ . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Staying Open to Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 å€æ§ãªè§£éãå«ã Thick Description ã«ãããã¶ã€ã³ . . . . . 83 2.5 ããžã¿ã«ã»ãŽã¡ããã¥ã©ãŒãã¶ã€ã³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 ãŽã¡ããã¥ã©ãŒãªãã¶ã€ã³æ§åŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 ããžã¿ã«ã»ãŽã¡ããã¥ã©ãŒãã¶ã€ã³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 泚 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 第3ç« ãã¶ã€ã³ 102 3.1 ã³ã³ã»ãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 åºæ¬æ§æ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 䜿ãæ¹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 ã¢ãŒããã§ã³ãžã»ãã¶ã€ã³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 ãã¶ã€ã³ããã»ã¹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 3.2 å圢ãåè§ãé¡ãçŠ ãç«ãããŠãœã¯ãåç . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 å圢ãšåè§åœ¢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 åé¡ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 çŠ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 ç«ãããŠãœã¯ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 åç . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 äŸé€ã®å瀌ãæ 人ãå²ã¶è¡çºã®ã·ã³ãã« . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 3.3 ThanatoFenestra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 ã³ã³ã»ãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 ããŒããŠã§ã¢ã®åºæ¬æ§æ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®åºæ¬æ§æ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 3.4 äŸé€å瀌調æ»ïŒæ°æèªïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 æºå . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 調æ»å 容 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 調æ»çµæ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 3.5 äŸé€å瀌調æ»ïŒåæã»èå¯ïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 ç¬èªã®å瀌äœæ³ã®åµåº . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 åçã®å©çš . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 éºåœ±ã®ç¹ç°æ§ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 家ãšä»å£ã®é¢ä¿æ§ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 ã¡ã³ã¿ã«ã¢ãã«ãã¡ã³ã¿ã«ã¢ãã«ã»ãªããžã§ã¯ã . . . . . . . 148 3 人ã®ãŽãŒã« . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 çŸä»£çãªç掻ãšäŒçµ±çãªäŸé€å瀌ã®äžèª¿åãç¬èªã®å瀌ã®åµåº 152 3.6 Fenestra ãçšããŠãæ 人ã«é¢ãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 æ 人ã«é¢ããçª . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 ãæ 人ãåž°ã£ãŠããããã©ããã¬ãŒã . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 ã¡ã³ã¿ã«ã¢ãã«ã«åèŽããäŸé€å瀌ã®ãã¶ã€ã³ . . . . . . . . 159 泚 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 第4ç« å®è£ 164 4.1 ããŒããŠã§ã¢ãšã·ã¹ãã ã®åºæ¬æ§æ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 ãã©ããã¬ãŒã ããã³ãã©ãŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 ãã©ãŒã¹ã¿ã³ãåºæ¿ (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 ãã£ã³ãã«ãã«ããŒïŒ»åºæ¿ (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 å é»çšãã㯠. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 4.2 ãœãããŠã§ã¢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 ãã©ãŒã¹ã¿ã³ãåºæ¿ (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 ãã£ã³ãã«ãã«ããŒïŒ»åºæ¿ (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 ãã©ããã¬ãŒã ããã³ãã©ãŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã¹ã¿ãã£äžã«æœãããå€æŽ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 4.3 æå ã»çäœèšèš . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 ã³ã³ã»ãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 詳现èšèš . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 4.4 ãããã¿ã€ãã³ã° . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 ãã£ã³ãã«ãã«ããŒã®åºæ¬èšèš . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 2 ç»é¢ã®ã€ã³ã¿ã©ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãšãã£ã³ãã«ãã«ããŒçäœã®èšèš . 184 åºæ¬èšèšã®å®äºãšæçµçãªå®è£ ãž . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 ããŒããŠã§ã¢ããœãããŠã§ã¢ãè€éã«ããã¿ããã·ã¹ãã ã® å®è£ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 泚 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 第5ç« ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã¹ã¿ã㣠188 5.1 ç®ç . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 5.2 調æ»ååè . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 C ãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 D ãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 E ãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 5.3 å®è¡æ¹æ³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 æŠèŠ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 èšçœ®æã®ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 調æ»ååè æ¬äººã«ããèšé² . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 æ€å»æã®ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 5.4 調æ»çµæ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 èšè¿°æ¹æ³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 èª¿æ» 1ïŒD ãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 èª¿æ» 2ïŒE ãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 èª¿æ» 3ïŒC ãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 5.5 èå¯ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Fenestra ã䜿ã£ãæ 人ã®å²ã³æ¹ã»äŸé€ã®å瀌 . . . . . . . . . 254 æ 人ãšã®ãè·é¢æã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 ãæ°ã«å ¥ãã®åçã»çµã¿åãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 æé . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 空éã«éŠŽæãæå ãšèªå奜ã¿ã®é£Ÿãä»ã . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 ç·æ§ã®åå¿ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 5.6 æªæ¥ã® Fenestra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 ãããžã¿ã«ã®åœ¢èŠãã®æŽç . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 ã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºæ©èœ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 æ°æ©èœ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 æ¢åã®ä»æ¥ããšã®èª¿å . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 ãŠãŒã¶ããªãã£åé¡ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 æ°ããäŸé€ã®å瀌ã»æ 人ãå²ã¶è¡çº . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 泚 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 第6ç« çµè« 272 泚 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 è¬èŸ 284 åèæç® 286 å³ç®æ¬¡ 1.1 ã岡æ¬å€ªéãšèªãåºå Ž âæ 岡æ¬å€ªéè¬åâã ïŒ1996 幎 2 æ 26 æ¥ æŒ æ± äº¬ã»èæäŒé€šïŒåçæäŸïŒå¹³éæè£æ° . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.2 å·ŠïŒå£å¢å°ãå³ïŒèçå¢å°ïŒéœç«å€ç£šéåïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1.3 å·ŠïŒãããå¢åãç»é¢ãµã³ãã«ãå³ïŒãããå¹³åéèå¢å ã«èšçœ®ãã ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒïŒæ±äº¬éœè±å³¶åºïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 1.4 Fenestra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1.5 Fenestra ã®æŠèŠå³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1.6 3 åã®ç掻空éã«èšçœ®ããã Fenestra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.1 å ç¥ä»£ã ã®äœçãäžå¿ã«äœãããçæ£ïŒæ æšçå°å±±åžã®æ°å®¶ã«ãŠïŒ . 33 2.2 ãã€ãã³ã°ã«ãŒã ã«çœ®ãããæ 人ã®éºåœ±ãšäŸç©ïŒæ±äº¬éœç·ŽéŠ¬åºã®ã ã³ã·ã§ã³ã«ãŠïŒ 2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ã ãž ã¿ ã« å ç ã çš ã ㊠æ 人 ã å² ã¶ã å¢ ãã® ã³ ã³ ã» ã ã 㢠ã ã« âMASTABAâ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 34 56 å·ŠïŒå®¶æãéãåçãé²èŠ§ãããå³ïŒæ 人ãå«ã家æã®èåã䞊ã㧠衚瀺ããã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 2.5 æšæºçãªä»å£ã®æ§åŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 3.1 Fenestra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 3.2 Fenestra ã®æŠèŠå³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 3.3 ãã©ãŒããã£ãšèŠãŠå¯Ÿé¢ãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 3.4 衚瀺ããåçãåãæ¿ãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 3.5 ããŠãœã¯ã«ç¹ç«ããŠå¯Ÿé¢ãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 3.6 å圢ã®ãæãã®çªããšåè§åœ¢ã®ãè¿·ãã®çªãïŒäº¬éœåžååºé·¹å³¯ã»æºå 庵ã«ãŠïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 3.7 ææé¢ã®åçªïŒéååžïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 3.8 æµåŠå¯ºã»åæ³åºµïŒéååžïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 3.9 ãã³ãã©å³ïŒãããŒã«ã»ãã¿ã³åšäœã®ä»ç»è·äººå¶äœãçè ææïŒ . . 114 8 3.10 å é茪廻å³ïŒãããŒã«ã»ãã¿ã³åšäœã®ä»ç»è·äººå¶äœãçè ææïŒ . . 115 3.11 èšæžå®åèŠå¯º éžä»å ŽïŒåçŠ éå ŽïŒæŒ ç¥å¥å·çéååž . . . . . . . . . 117 3.12 ãã³ãã¥ãŒæ寺é¢ããã·ã¥ããã£ããŒããåã®ç«è¬å ŽïŒãããŒã«ãã« ããã³ãºïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 3.13 ç«è¬åŸã®éºç°ã¯ã¬ã³ãžã¹å·ã®æ¯æµã§ãããã°ããã£å·ã«æµããã . . 118 3.14 å·ŠïŒèŠäººçšã®ç«è¬å ŽãšèåŸã«å»ºã€ããã¹ãã¹ã, å³ïŒå·æ²¿ãã«ç«ã¡äžŠ ã¶äžè¬çšã®ç«è¬å Ž . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 3.15 ã¹ãªã»ããªã¢ãã³å¯ºé¢ïŒã·ã³ã¬ããŒã«ïŒå·ŠïŒå€èŠ³ãäžå€®ïŒ ãèç«ãã çšããååŒãå³ïŒèç«å£ã«çœ®ãããããŠãœã¯ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 3.16 Pray for Japan - candlenight in BordeauxïŒPauline Deysson æ°æ®åœ±ïŒ120 3.17 å·ŠïŒå€§éã®è±æãšå ±ã«ç¶ã«å ¥ããããããŠãœã¯ã«ç«ãç¯ãããïŒFlavia Brandi æ°æ®åœ±ïŒ, å³ïŒäºä»¶ã®ç ç²è ãæŒã¿æ± ã®åæã«äžŠã¹ãããã㊠ãœã¯ïŒAdam Hoï¬ritz æ°æ®åœ±ïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 3.18 ç§ã®äž¡èŠªå® ã«èšçœ®ãããä»å£ïŒæ¹æŽå®ïŒã®ããŠãœã¯ . . . . . . . . . . 121 3.19 é·è°·å¯ºïŒéååžïŒå·ŠïŒæ°ŽåäŸé€ã®å°èµ ãå³ïŒäŸé€ã«èšªãã人ãç¯ã ããŠãœã¯ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 3.20 æ°å å¡äœç寺éŸçé¢ïŒã·ã³ã¬ããŒã«ïŒå·ŠïŒå€èŠ³ ãå³ïŒå®€å ã«ç¡æ°ã« æ·ãè©°ããããããŠãœã¯ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 3.21 ThanatoFenestra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 3.22 ThantoFenestra ã®åºæ¬æ§æ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 3.23 調æ»äŸé Œæž . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 3.24 A ãã家æãšèŠªé¡ã®é¢ä¿å³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 3.25 B ãã家æãšèŠªé¡ã®é¢ä¿å³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 3.26 B ãããææããä»å£ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 3.27 ä»å£ã®äžæ®µã«çœ®ãããäœçããæïŒäžçªå³ããå ç¥ä»£ã ã®äœçãB ç¥ ç¶ã»B ç¥æ¯ã®äœçãB ç¶ã»B æ¯ã®äœçãB ç¶å 1ã»B ç¶å 2 ã®ãæ . . 137 3.28 å·ŠïŒä»å£ã®äžã«é£ŸãããŠãã B ç¶ïŒå³ïŒ ã»B æ¯ïŒå·ŠïŒã®éºåœ±ãå³ïŒä» å£ã®äžã«é£ŸãããŠãã B æ¯å§ã®éºåœ±ïŒå·ŠïŒ ã»B 劻ç¥ç¶ã®éºåœ±ïŒå³ïŒ . . 138 3.29 ïŒå·ŠïŒä»å£ã®å·Šæã«é£ŸãããŠããåçãïŒå³ïŒä»å£ã®å³æã«é£Ÿãã㊠ããåçïŒå³ 3.26 äžæ®µéšåç §ïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 3.30 C ãã家æãšèŠªé¡ã®é¢ä¿å³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 3.31 C ãããææããä»å£ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 3.32 å·ŠïŒC æ¯ã®éºåœ±ãšäŸãç©ãå³ïŒC 倫æ¯ã®éºåœ±ãšäŸãç©ãããã³é£ã«é£Ÿ ãããŠãã C æ¬¡ç· C é·ç·ã®åç . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 3.33 å·ŠïŒC æ¯ã®éºåœ±ã®åŸãã«çœ®ããã家æåçãå³ïŒC 倫æ¯ã®éºåœ±ã眮ã ããæ£ã«ã¯ã家æã®èšå¿µåçã眮ç©ãªã©ã眮ãããŠãã . . . . . . . 143 3.34 ãã£ã³ãã«ãã«ããŒãçšããŠããŠãœã¯ã«ç«ãç¯ããšããã©ãŒã«æ 人㮠é¢åœ±ãçŸãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 3.35 äžïŒãã©ãŒã®åã«äœããªãç¶æ ãäžïŒãã©ãŒã«é¡ãæ ããäžïŒæ 人㮠é¢åœ±ãæ ãåºããã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 3.36 å·ŠïŒéåžžæïŒãã©ããã¬ãŒã ã«ã¯æè¿ã®åçãæ ãåºããããå³ïŒç¹ ç«æïŒãã©ãŒã«ã¯æ 人ã®é¢åœ±ãããã©ããã¬ãŒã ã«ã¯æ 人ãå¥åšã 㣠ãé ã®åçãæ ãåºãããïŒâ»ãã©ãŒã«ã¯äœãåããªãããã«æå¹ ãåã«è²Œã£ãç¶æ ã§æ®åœ±ãããŠããïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 3.37 ããŠãœã¯ã®çã®æºãã«ãããã£ãŠæ¬¡ã ãšåçãåãæ¿ããïŒ5 ç§éé² å æ®åœ±ïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 4.1 Fenestra ã®ã·ã¹ãã å šäœæ§æ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 4.2 ãã©ãŒã¹ã¿ã³ãã®å éšåºæ¿ïŒ»åºæ¿ (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 4.3 ãã£ã³ãã«ãã«ããŒã®å éšåºæ¿ïŒ»åºæ¿ (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 4.4 å é»çšãã㯠. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 4.5 ãã©ããã¬ãŒã ãšãã©ãŒã®å¯Ÿå¿äŸïŒå·ŠïŒFaces.xml, 3 è¡ç®ãå³ïŒPhoto- Old.xml, 3 è¡ç®ïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 4.6 2 ã€ã®å ã»ã³ãµãŒå€å·®åã®å€åéãšåç衚瀺ãžã®äœçšã®é¢ä¿ . . . . . 172 4.7 ãã©ãŒå€èŠ³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 4.8 ãã©ããã¬ãŒã å€èŠ³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 4.9 ãã£ã³ãã«ãã«ããŒå€èŠ³ïŒå·ŠïŒè£é¢ãäžå€®ïŒæãäžãããå³ïŒå é»äž ã®ç¶æ ïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 4.10 ãã©ããã¬ãŒã çäœã®èšèšå³ïŒææš¹è¯æ° äœå³ïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 4.11 ãã©ãŒçäœã®èšèšå³ïŒææš¹è¯æ° äœå³ïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 4.12 å·ŠïŒãã£ã³ãã«ãã«ããŒçäœã®èšèšå³ïŒææš¹è¯æ° äœå³ïŒãå³ïŒå é»çš ããã¯çäœã®èšèšå³ïŒçè äœå³ïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 4.13 ãããã¿ã€ãã³ã° (1): ãã£ã³ãã«ãã«ããŒã®ã»ã³ã·ã³ã°ãã€ã³ã¿ã© ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®åºæ¬èšèš . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 4.14 ãããã¿ã€ãã³ã° (2): ãã£ã³ãã«ãã«ããŒã®æå èšèšãšãã©ããã¬ãŒ ã ããã©ãŒã®åºæ¬èšèš . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 4.15 ãããã¿ã€ãã³ã° (3): ã¬ãŒã¶ãŒã«ãã¿ãŒã»3D ããªã³ã¿ãçšãã詳现 èšèšãšããããå·¥èžååã®ããšçäœèšèš . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 5.1 ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã¹ã¿ãã£ã®ããã®èª¿æ»äŸé Œæž . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 5.2 åæ±èª¬ææžãFenestra ã®äœ¿ãæ¹ã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 5.3 調æ»ååè ã«æž¡ãã âFenestra Probesâ äžåŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 5.4 D ãã家æãšèŠªé¡ã®é¢ä¿å³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 5.5 Fenestra ãèšçœ®ãã D ããã®éšå± . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 5.6 ãç¥æ¯ãå²ã¶æ¬ãã玹ä»ãã D ãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 5.7 D ããã®æã§é£Ÿãã€ãããã FenestraïŒèšçœ®æã®ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒåŸã« æ®åœ±ïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 5.8 ãã©ããã¬ãŒã ã®äžã«æ·ç©ãé 眮ãã D ããïŒèšçœ®æã®ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒ æ åããïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 5.9 ãã©ãŒã®äžã« D ç¥æ¯ãç·šãã ã»ãŒã¿ãŒãäŸãã D ããïŒèšçœ®æã®ã€ ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒæ åããïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 5.10 ãã©ãŒã®äžã«äŸãããã D ç¥æ¯ãç·šãã ã»ãŒã¿ãŒïŒD ããæ®åœ±ïŒ . . 201 5.11 è©Šãã« 1 æè¿œå ããåç . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 5.12 éºåœ±ã«äœ¿ãããåç . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 5.13 å·ŠïŒæèžãããŠããæã® D ç¥æ¯ïŒãã©ãŒã«è¡šç€ºãããåçïŒãå³ïŒæ èžäœåïŒãã©ããã¬ãŒã ã«è¡šç€ºãããåçïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 5.14 å·ŠïŒãã©ã³ãã£ã¢äžã® D ç¥æ¯ïŒãã©ãŒã«è¡šç€ºãããåçïŒãå³ïŒè¡šåœ° 楯ïŒãã©ããã¬ãŒã ã«è¡šç€ºãããåçïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 5.15 D ãããéä¿¡ããŠããäžå ·åã®æ§åãåããæ åã®ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãã£ã ãã£ãŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 5.16 ãã¯ããã¯ã®åçïŒå·ŠïŒãã©ãŒã«è¡šç€ºãããåçãå³ïŒãã©ããã¬ãŒ ã ã«è¡šç€ºãããåçïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 5.17 ããŠãœã¯ãæã§æããªãã Fenestra ãäœéšãã D ç¥ç¶ïŒD ããæ®åœ± æ åããïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 5.18 D ç¥æ¯ã®æ åããã©ããã¬ãŒã ã«å®éšçã«è¡šç€ºïŒå·ŠïŒãã©ãŒã«è¡šç€ºã ããåçãå³ïŒãã©ããã¬ãŒã ã«è¡šç€ºãããæ åã®ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ãã£ã ãã£ãŒïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 5.19 ãã©ããã¬ãŒã ã«æ ãã ããããD ãããš D åŒãåããã幌å°æã® æ§åãïŒD ããæ®åœ±ïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 5.20 D ããã®å¹Œå°æã« D ç¥æ¯ãšäžç·ã«æ®ãããåç . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 5.21 è¬åã®éã«äœ¿çšãããäœçãã®åçãèŠããªããèªã D ãã . . . . . 211 5.22 D ãããéä¿¡ããŠããæ å衚瀺ã®äžå ·åãåããæ åã®ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ ãã£ããã£ãŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 5.23 E ãã家æãšèŠªé¡ã®é¢ä¿å³ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 5.24 å·ŠïŒE ããå® ã«çœ®ããããŸãŸã®ä»å£ãå³ïŒä»å£ãšå£ã«é£Ÿããã E 倫㮠éºåœ± . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 5.25 å·ŠïŒä»è·æœèšå ã® E ããã®å± äœã¹ããŒã¹ãå³ïŒFenestra ãèšçœ®ãã ç¶æ ïŒE åšãš E ããïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 5.26 æ ã»E 倫ãæ ãåºããã Fenestra ã«èŠå ¥ã E ãã . . . . . . . . . . . 215 5.27 å·ŠïŒ ãèªè¡éèšç·Žæåã§ã® E 倫ãã®åçãå³ïŒåçãèŠãªããåæ³ã ã E ãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 5.28 å·ŠïŒãã©ãŒã®ç»é¢ãã¿ãããã E ãããå³ïŒE ããã®è»æ€ åããã©ãŒ ã®åã«ç§»åããã E åš . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 5.29 åçãç¹æ» ããããã«åãæ¿ããæ§å . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 5.30 E åšãE å« 1ãE å« 3ãE å« 4 ãš E ããããåã£ãåçããã©ããã¬ãŒ ã ã«æ ãåºãããŠããæã«ããµãš E 倫ã®é¢åœ±ããã©ãŒã«æµ®ãã³äžãã 217 5.31 é»æ°ã¹ã¿ã³ãã®ã¹ã€ãããç¹°ãè¿ã ON/OFF ãã E ãã . . . . . . . 218 5.32 ãã£ã³ãã«ãã«ããŒãå·Šå³ã«åãããŠåçãåãæ¿ãã E ãã . . . 218 5.33 å·ŠïŒFenestra ã®åã§æãåããã E åšãå³ïŒã©ã€ããšãã£ã³ãã«ãã« ããŒã®éã«æãããã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 5.34 å·ŠïŒè¿œå ããããã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒäžã®åçããå³ïŒè¿œå ãããåçãçº ãã E ãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 5.35 ãFenestra ãšéããæ¥èšãã«æžã蟌ã E ãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 5.36 ä¹ ãã¶ãã«ã©ã€ããç¹ããŠéè³ãã E ãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 5.37 E ããã®èªå® åã§ãE æ¯åãE å« 5ãE å« 6ãE å« 7 ããšæ®åœ±ããåç ïŒ2011 幎ã®å æŠã«æ®åœ±ïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 5.38 å·ŠïŒE ããããå£ãéããŠãŠã«ãã³æªãããšæã E 倫ãå³ïŒ ããã³ãµ ã ã ããšèšã E 倫 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 5.39 ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒäžããããã«ãã©ãŒãã¿ãããã E ãã . . . . . . . . . 223 5.40 ãã©ããã¬ãŒã ã®é»ãçžããªããããã«è§Šã E ãã . . . . . . . . . . 225 5.41 C ãã家æãšèŠªé¡ã®é¢ä¿å³ïŒãŠãŒã¶ãŒã¹ã¿ãã£èšªåæïŒ . . . . . . . 228 5.42 ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã¹ã¿ãã£æã® C ããã®ä»å£ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 5.43 C ããå® ã«èšçœ®ããã Fenestra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 5.44 ãã©ãŒãèŠããã C é·ç·ãš C ãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 5.45 C ç¶ãšãšãã«æ®åœ±ãããèšå¿µåç . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 5.46 C ããå® ã«é£Ÿã£ãŠãã C ç¶ãš C æ¯ãåãåç . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 5.47 ããŠãœã¯ã®çãæã§æã C ãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 5.48 ã©ã³ãã®ç¯ãã§åãæ¿ãã£ãåçãçºãã C ãã . . . . . . . . . . . 234 5.49 è±ã人圢ãåçç«ãŠãªã©ã Fenestra ã®åšãã«é£Ÿã C ãã . . . . . . . 234 5.50 ããŒãã«ã®äžã«ãã£ã³ãã«ãã«ããŒã眮ããç¶æ ã§çãæããªãã 䜿çšãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 5.51 ãã©ãŒã®åã«æ¹¯ã®ã¿ã眮ãããŸãŸã«ãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 5.52 èšçœ®æã« 1 æè¿œå ãããC æ¯ãš C ç¶ã䞊ãã§åãåçã . . . . . . . 237 5.53 éåžžæïŒããŠãœã¯éç¹ç«æïŒã«è¡šç€ºããããèµ€ã¡ããïŒC å姪ïŒã 1 人ã§åã£ãŠããåçã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 5.54 溶ããããŠãããã£ãŠããŸã£ããã£ã³ãã«ãã«ã㌠. . . . . . . . . . 238 5.55 ãã©ãŒãšãã©ããã¬ãŒã ã®è¡šç€ºãå ¥ãæ¿ãã£ãŠããŸã£ã Fenestra . . 239 5.56 C æ¯ãC ç¶ãC é·ç·ãC 次ç·ãåã£ãåçïŒãã©ãŒã«ã¯ C æ¯ã®ã¿ïŒ . 240 5.57 C æ¯ãC ç¶ãC é·ç·ãC 次ç·ãåã£ãåçïŒãã©ãŒã«ã¯ C ç¶ã®ã¿ïŒ . 240 5.58 C æ¯ãC ç¶ãC é·ç·ãC 次ç·ãåã£ãåçïŒãã©ãŒã«ã¯ C æ¯ãš C ç¶ïŒ 240 5.59 C æ¯ãC ç¶ãåã£ãŠããããé£åãããŠã¯ããªãåçïŒãã©ãŒã«ã¯ C æ¯ã®ã¿ïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 5.60 C æ¯ãC ç¶ãåã£ãŠããããé£åãããŠã¯ããªãåçïŒãã©ãŒã«ã¯ C ç¶ã®ã¿ïŒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 5.61 æ€å»æã®ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒéå§æã® Fenestra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 5.62 ãã©ãŒã®åã«ãã£ã³ãã«ã眮ããç«ãç¯ã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 5.63 çªåŠãç¹æ» ããããã«ãã©ãŒã«åçãçŸãã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 5.64 ãã©ãŒã«ã¯ C æ¯ã®èåãããã©ããã¬ãŒã ã«ã¯ C ç¥ã®çµå©åŒã®èšå¿µ åçãæ ãåºãããç¶æ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 5.65 C é·ç·ã®äžåŠæ ¡ã®å ¥åŠåŒã®æã«ãC æ¯ãC é·ç·ãC 次ç·ã§æ®ã£ãèšå¿µ åç . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 5.66 C 姪ã Fenestra ã®åãéãéãããšããã©ãŒã®åçãåãæ¿ãã£ã . 251 5.67 å·ŠïŒãã©ãŒã«ã¯ C æ¯ãš C ç¶ã®é¢åœ±ãå³ïŒãã©ããã¬ãŒã ã«ã¯ C ç¥ã® çµå©åŒã®èšå¿µåç . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 5.68 ãã©ãŒã« C ç¶æ¯ã®èåãããã©ããã¬ãŒã ã«ã¯æè¿ã®éååçãæ ãåºããã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 6.1 çæ£ãšçæç¯ãé ãããç§ã®äž¡èŠªå® ã«ããä»å£ïŒåŒççå·è¶åžïŒ . . 274 6.2 çºãšç¬æžå æµ·ãèŠäžãããå±±ã®äžã«åºããå¢å°ïŒåºå³¶ççŠå±±åžæ°Žå çºïŒåçæäŸïŒå¯ç°åæºæ° . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 6.3 æ²çžã®ä»å£ïŒ3 件ãšãæ²çžçé£èŠåžã®æ°å®¶ã«ãŠïŒ åçæäŸïŒäŒæ¯åç åžåæ° . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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ïŒããæ°åãã€èª¿æ»ååè ãåããç æ³çã«ã¯æ¬ç 究ã§è¡ã£ããããªå®éã®å®¶åºç°å¢ã«ããããŠãŒã¶ãŒã¹ã¿ãã£ãããã ãã¯æ¬è«æã§ãŸãšããæ¥æ¬ã«ããã調æ»ã®æ§åãªã©ãèŠããªããæèŠãèãã€ã³ã¿ ãã¥ãŒèª¿æ»ãªã©ãå®æœããããäœãåãå ¥ããããäœãåãå ¥ããããªãã®ããå ãå ¥ããããªããšãããšå ·äœçã«äœãåé¡ãªã®ããæ¢ãããããããŠãæ¥æ¬ã«ãã ã調æ»ã§ãããããã®èª¿æ»ååè ãç°ãªãäŸé€ã®å瀌ãæ 人ãå²ã¶è¡çºãåµãã ã ãããã«ãç°ãªãå®æãç¿ä¿ãæã€äººã ããã©ã®ããã« Fenestra ãã¢ã¬ã³ãžããã® ãã倧å€èå³æ·±ãã ãã㊠Fenestra ã®æ¹è¯çããããã¯ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒãããžã¿ã«ã¡ãã£ã¢ãã€ã³ã¿ ã©ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãã¶ã€ã³ã«é¢ãããã¯ãããžãŒã®æã€æœåšçãªå¯èœæ§ãåŒãåºããŠãæ» ã«åãåã人ã ã®ç²Ÿç¥äžçãæ¯æŽããè£ çœ®ããµãŒãã¹ããå®çšåãããããã®ãã ã«ã¯ãæ¬ç 究ã§åŸãããæ°å€ãã®ç¥èŠãåæ ãããç¶ç¶çãªãããã¿ã€ãã®è£œäœã è¡ããšãšãã«ããããã¯ãã»ãµãŒãã¹ãšããŠã®ãã¶ã€ã³ãèŠæ±ãããããããŠãç® ã«èŠããªãã人ã ã®ç²Ÿç¥äžçãæ¯æŽãããã¶ã€ã³ã§ããããããããã¶ã€ããŒãé çºè ã«ãã䞻芳çãªææ決å®ã ãã§ã¯è¯ããã®ãã€ããããšã¯é£ããã æ¬ç« ã®æåã«è¿°ã¹ãããã«ãå®ã¯ç§ã®è²ã£ã家åºã¯ä»å£ãä»ããæ§ã ãªå瀌ã倧 åã«ããŠãããããããã«åé¡ãæããããä»å£ã«ä»£ãããã®ãå¿ èŠã ãšã¯å šãæ㣠ãŠããªãã£ãããŸããç§ã®äž¡èŠªã¯æ 人ã®åçã食ãããšã¯ããªããå®ã¯ Fenestra ã® 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