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2. TENS: some possible mechanisms 2.1 Placebo 2.2 Gate control theory and neurological explanations 2.2.1 Introduction 2.2.2 For the theory 2.2.3 Contra the theory 2.3 Biochemistry 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.4 2.3.4 Opioid peptides Monoamines Stimulation frequency Psycho-immuno-endocrine network 2.4 The body electric 2.4.1 Introduction 2.4.2 Metallic conduction 2.4.3 Ionic conduction 2.4.4 Semiconduction 2.4.5 Other sources 2.4.6 The model