Download USER MANUAL - Kramer Electronics

KRAMER ELECTRONICS Ltd.
USER MANUAL
SDI and Digital Audio Distribution Amplifiers
Models:
6104
SD-7108
SD-7208
SD-7816
SD-7816B
IMPORTANT: Before proceeding, please read paragraph entitled
"Unpacking and Contents"
KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.
P/N: 2900-006002
Table Of Contents
Section Name
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
2
3
4
5
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
7
8
9
10
10.1
10.2
10.2.1
10.2.2
11
12
12.1
12.2
Page
INTRODUCTION
Digital and Analog Signals
Several Points to Consider when Working with Digital Signals
SDI Standards
Factors Affecting Quality of Results
SPECIFICATIONS
HOW DO I GET STARTED?
UNPACKING AND CONTENTS
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES
SDI AND DIGITAL AUDIO DISTRIBUTORS
Getting to Know Your 6104 Distributor
Getting to Know Your SD-7108 Distributor / Deserializer
Getting to Know Your SD-7208 Serializer / Distributor
Getting to Know Your SD-7816 Digital Audio Distributor
Getting to Know Your SD-7816B Digital Audio Distributor
INSTALLATION
CONNECTING TO DIGITAL VIDEO DEVICES
CONNECTING TO DIGITAL AUDIO DEVICES
TURNING ON THE MACHINES
Operation of the SDI Distributors
Operation of the Digital Audio Distributors
Programming
Indication
TAKING CARE OF YOUR MACHINE
TROUBLESHOOTING
Power and Indicators
SDI and Digital Audio Signals
Limited Warranty
2
2
2
4
4
5
6
6
6
7
7
8
9
10
11
12
12
12
12
13
13
15
15
15
16
16
16
17
List Of Illustrations
Figure
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Page
Digital “eye” Diagram
The Digital “eye” after accumulating noise and jitter
6104 Front/Rear Panel Features
SD-7108 Front/Rear panel Features
SD-7208 Front/Rear panel Features
SD-7816 Front/Rear panel Features
SD-7816B Front/Rear panel Features
Signal peak-to-peak measurement
Compensation level
3
4
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
List Of Tables
Table
1
2
3
4
5
6
Page
6104 Front/Rear Panel Features
SD-7108 Front/Rear panel Features
SD-7208 Front/Rear panel Features
SD-7816 Front/Rear panel Features
SD-7816B Front/Rear panel Features
Dip-Switch settings for signal level compensation
KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.
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8
9
10
11
15
1
1
INTRODUCTION
Congratulations on your purchase of this Kramer Electronics SDI / Digital Audio Distributor. Since
1981, Kramer has been dedicated to the development and manufacture of high quality video/audio
equipment. The Kramer line has become an integral part of many of the best production and presentation
facilities around the world. In recent years, Kramer has redesigned and upgraded most of the line, making
the best even better. Kramer’s line of professional video/audio electronics is one of the most versatile and
complete available, and is a true leader in terms of quality, workmanship, price/performance ratio and
innovation. In addition to the Kramer line of high quality distributors, such as the one you have just
purchased, Kramer also offers a full line of high quality switchers, processors, interfaces, controllers and
computer-related products.
This manual includes configuration, operation and option information for the following products
from the Kramer line of SDI and Digital Audio Distributors.
6104 – 1:4 SDI Distributor (Kramer DigiTOOLS)
SD-7108 – 1:8 SDI Distributor / Deserializer
SD-7208 – Serializer / 1:8 SDI Distributor
SD-7816 – 2x1:8 or 1:16 Digital Balanced Audio Distributor
SD-7816B – 2x1:8 or 1:16 Digital Unbalanced Audio Distributor
1.1 Digital and Analog signals
An analog signal varies continuously. It may have any value (within its physical bounds) and can
change at any instant. A digital signal is made up of a finite number of discrete levels, usually – but not
always – changing only at discrete time periods. An example of a digitized waveform is shown below.
ANALOG SIGNAL
DIGITAL SIGNAL
1.2 Several points to consider when working with digital signals
The minimum noise introduced by quantizing is 1 bit (1 level), so the higher the number of bits, the
lower the inherent noise, and the higher the resolution.
Since A/D and D/A conversions create artifacts, it is important not to convert back and forth. In a
“mixed” outfit, the video should be digitized, and all the digital processing done before converting back to
analog.
“Multi-media” systems usually quantize the video to 8 bits (i.e. 28 = 256) levels. Some “levels” are
dedicated to special codes (SAV, EAV – similar to syncs in analog video), leaving 220 quantization levels
(~3mV steps) for the luminance signals. Audio is usually quantized to 16 bits for multi-media systems.
KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.
2
Broadcast systems usually use 10-bit video, and 20- to 24- bit audio.
The advantages of working in a digital domain are obvious – a digital signal may be transported
very easily, and saved and retrieved reliably with no generation losses.
The transmission of a digital video signal is reliable up to a certain length of cable. Beyond this
length, the signal is destroyed. This phenomenon is known as the “cliff-effect”. To avoid the “crash” at
the cliff, an “equalizer and reclocker” should be inserted at a distance less than the “cliff” length. From
this point it is again possible to drive a cable up to the “cliff” length. This is similar to the “repeater”
analogy for analog signals. (Note: the term “equalizer” is usually dropped, and the “equalizer and
reclocker” is often referred to simply as a “reclocker”).
“Equalization” is a process of amplifying the input signal to overcome losses on the cable. For
digital signals, this is possible, since the correct amplitude of the signal is known!
“Reclocking” is a process of “cleaning up” the signal in the time-domain, i.e., removing the jitter
which was introduced as a result of the long cable. To do this, the timing source must be recovered from
the signal, and the signal is regenerated with stable timing.
A graphic representation of the timing and amplitude distortions is shown in an “eye diagram”, as
below:
Figure 1: Digital “eye” Diagram
Increase in jitter and decrease in amplitude cause the eye to “close”. It is clear that jitter of more
than ±50% would result in an irretrievable signal (cliff effect).
KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.
3
Figure 2: The Digital “eye” after accumulating noise and jitter
1.3 SDI Standards
Today, “uncompressed” digital video usually refers to digital component video (the ITU-R BT.601
standard). This is based on a sampling of component video. The sampling scheme stipulates one
luminance (Y) sample for each pair of color-difference (R-Y and B-Y) samples.
Luminance sampling is done at 13.5MS/s (mega-samples per second), and each color-difference is
sampled at 6.75MS/s. This is also known as 4:2:2 (Y is sampled at 4fsc (more or less!), and the color
differences at 2fsc).
The 8 or 10 bits of data are serialized to produce a single stream of bits (SMPTE-259 standard) at
270MS/s for 10 bits (10X(13.5+6.75+6.75) = 270). This is known as “Serial Component Video”, and is
usually referred to as SDI.
“Serial Composite Video” is (true) 4fsc sampling of composite video – PAL at ~177MS/s, and
NTSC at ~143MS/s. This standard is hardly used, except in some older installations in the USA.
The “Digital Widescreen” standard was launched in the early 90’s. This is a digital version of Pal
Plus (16:9 or Letterbox aspect ratio), and it works at 360MS/s.
1.4 Factors Affecting Quality of Results
There are many factors affecting the quality of signals transmitted from a source to an acceptor. The
following examples illustrate the effect on analog video and audio. For digital signals, the interference
would effectively decrease “cliff” length.
Connection cables
Sockets and connectors
of the sources and
acceptors
Amplifying circuitry
Distance between
sources and acceptors
Interference from
neighboring electrical
appliances
Low quality cables are susceptible to interference; they degrade
signal quality due to poor matching and cause elevated noise levels.
They should therefore be of the best quality.
So often ignored, they should be of highest quality, since "Zero
ohm" connection resistance is the objective. Sockets and connectors
also must match the required impedance (75ohm in video). Cheap, low
quality connectors tend to rust, thus causing breaks in the signal path.
Must have quality performance when the desired result is high
linearity, low distortion and low noise operation.
Plays a major role in the final result. For long distances (over 15
meters) between sources and acceptors, special measures should be
taken in order to avoid cable losses. These include using higher quality
cables or adding line amplifiers.
These can have an adverse effect on signal quality. Balanced
audio lines are less prone to interference, but unbalanced audio should
be installed far from any mains power cables, electric motors,
transmitters, etc. even when the cables are shielded.
KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.
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2
SPECIFICATIONS
6104
Function
1:4 SDI
Distributor
Inputs
SD-7108
1:8 SDI
Distributor /
Deserializer
SD-7208
SD-7816
SD-7816B
Serializer, 1:8 SDI
Distributor
1:16 or 2x1:8
AES/EBU
Distributor
1 SMPTE1 SMPTE-259M
259M Serial
Serial Video, 75
Video, 75 ohms ohms on a BNC
on a BNC
Parallel Digital
Video on DB25F
connector, ECL
levels
Digital Audio, 110 Digital Audio, 75
ohm on detachable ohm on BNCs
terminal blocks
Outputs
4 reclocked
SMPTE-259M
Serial Video,
75 ohms on
BNCs.
8 reclocked
SMPTE-259M
Serial Video, 75
ohms on BNCs,
with adjustable
level
8 reclocked
SMPTE-259M
Serial Video, 75
ohms on BNCs,
with adjustable
level
16 reclocked digital 16 reclocked digital
audio, 110 ohms on audio, 75 ohms on
detachable terminal BNCs
blocks
Resolution
8 or 10-bits,
automatic
8 or 10-bits,
automatic
8 or 10-bits,
automatic
32-96 kHz
sampling
frequencies
32-96 kHz
sampling
frequencies
Standards
143Mb/s (4fsc
NTSC)
143Mb/s (4fsc
NTSC)
143Mb/s (4fsc
NTSC)
177Mb/s (4fsc
PAL)
177Mb/s (4fsc
PAL)
177Mb/s (4fsc
PAL)
AES/EBU, IEC
958, S/PDIF and
EIAJ CP340/1201
AES/EBU, IEC
958, S/PDIF and
EIAJ CP340/1201
270Mb/s (4:2:2 270Mb/s (4:2:2
Component)
Component)
270Mb/s (4:2:2
Component)
360Mb/s (4:2:2 360Mb/s (4:2:2
Widescreen)
Widescreen)
360Mb/s (4:2:2
Widescreen)
1:16 or 2x1:8
AES/EBU
Distributor
Equalization
& reclocking
Automatic up to Automatic up to
Automatic
30 dB of cable 30 dB of cable loss reclocker
loss
Automatic up to 24 Automatic up to 24
dB of cable loss @ dB of cable loss @
48 kHz
48 kHz
Control
NA
Output level
Mode selection,
Equalization level
Display
Power ON LED Operating
Standard LEDs
Signal lock LED
Error and DATA
Error and DATA
existence LEDs for existence LEDs for
each input channel each input channel
Dimensions
12cm X 7.5cm
X 2.5cm
(4.7” X 3” X
1”, W,D,H)
19” 1U, rack
mountable
19” 1U, rack
mountable
19” 1U, rack
mountable
19” 1U, rack
mountable
Weight
0.3 kg (0.67
lbs.) Approx.
2.5 kg (5.5 lbs.)
Approx
2.5 kg (5.5 lbs.)
Approx
2.6 kg (5.7 lbs.)
Approx.
2.6 kg (5.7 lbs.)
Approx.
230 VAC (115
VAC, U.S.A)
230 VAC (115
VAC, U.S.A)
230 VAC (115
VAC, U.S.A)
230 VAC (115
VAC, U.S.A)
14 VA
10 VA
10 VA
10 VA
Power Source 12 VDC, 250
mA.
Output level
KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.
Mode selection,
Equalization level
5
3
HOW DO I GET STARTED?
The fastest way to get started is to take your time and do everything right the first time. Taking 15
minutes to read the manual may save you a few hours later. You don’t even have to read the whole
manual. If a section doesn’t apply to you, you don’t have to spend your time reading it.
4
UNPACKING AND CONTENTS
The items contained in your Kramer SDI / Digital Audio Distributor package are listed below.
Please save the original box and packaging materials for possible future shipment of the accessory.
SDI / Digital Audio Distributor
Kramer Concise Product Catalog
Power cord (12 VDC wall transformer/ power supply for the 6104)
This User Manual
Rubber Feet
5
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES
The following accessories, which are available from Kramer, can enhance implementation of your
distributor. For information regarding cables and additional accessories, contact your Kramer dealer.
SD-7308 – for switching between SDI sources: The machine is a multi-standard, adjustment-free 8x1
switcher for SDI (serial digital) video signals. It accepts up to eight SDI inputs, provides necessary
buffering and reclocking, and routes the selected source to four identical SDI outputs using BNC
connectors. It provides automatic equalization for losses typical with long runs of 75-ohm co-axial cable.
Depending on the cable and video standard, cable length of several hundred meters is possible. Standard
recognition is automatic and the machine switches during the vertical interval according to the SMPTE RP168 standard. A rear-panel output level control is provided to optimize signal level. The input select
function of the SD-7308 can be controlled by front panel buttons and by RS-232 commands transmitted by
a touch-screen control system, personal computer, or other control system. When no signal exists on a
selected input, the LED in the appropriate button flashes. The SD-7308 automatically recognizes the word
length for both 10-bit and 8-bit video.
SD-7388 - an adjustment-free, 8x8 matrix switcher for SDI (serial digital) video signals. It is a true
matrix allowing any input to be routed to any or all outputs simultaneously. It provides automatic
equalization for losses on a 75-ohm co-axial cable, and reclocks each output to provide 8 low-jitter serial
digital outputs. Video standard recognition is automatic, and the SD-7388 switches during the vertical
interval. The SD-7388 accepts either analog or serial video as the external source for its vertical trigger, and
any output can be assigned as the sync source. The SD-7388 can be controlled by front panel buttons, RS232 and RS-485. It is fully compatible with both 10-bit and 8-bit video, automatically recognizing word
length.
SD-7401 - a multi-standard, adjustment-free digital to analog converter designed to accept an SDI
(4:4:2 serial digital video) input, and provide analog outputs in four common signal formats. The SDI input
is equalized and reclocked, and converted to composite video, S-video (Y/C) and component video (RGsB
or Y, R-Y, B-Y) outputs simultaneously. The SD-7401 also has an internal 75% color bar generator, whose
timing is based on the SDI input. The SD-7401 encodes 525 line signals to NTSC-M and 625 lines to PALB. Versions designed for other standards such as SECAM, PAL-M, and NTSC 4.43 may be available by
special request. When encoding NTSC, the unit may be programmed with or without a 7.5 IRE setup
(pedestal).
KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.
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6
SDI AND DIGITAL AUDIO DISTRIBUTORS
This section describes all the controls and connections of your distributor. Understanding the
controls and connections helps you realize the full power of your machine.
6.1 Getting to Know Your 6104 Distributor
The Kramer 6104 is an adjustment-free, equalized, reclocking, multi-standard Serial Video
Distribution Amplifier. The machine provides automatic equalization for losses on the 75-ohm co-axial
cable (up to 100s of meters of cable - depending on the cable and the video standard), and reclocks the
output to provide 4 low-jitter, serial digital outputs. Standard recognition is automatic, with 4fsc PAL, 4fsc
NTSC, Component 4:2:2, and 16:9 (wide-screen) standards being recognized. The machine operates for
both 10-bit and 8-bit video, automatically recognizing the word length.
The 6104 is part of the new Kramer DIGITOOLS family of compact, high quality, and costeffective solutions for a variety of applications.
Panel features of the 6104 are described in Figure 3 and Table 1.
Figure 3: 6104 Front/Rear Panel Features
Table 1: 6104 Front/Rear Panel Features
1.
2.
3.
4.
Feature
OUT 1–4
INPUT
ON LED
12 VDC
KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.
Function
4 BNCs for connecting the SDI acceptors
SDI input on a BNC connector
Indicates that the machine is properly powered
12 Volts DC feed to the machine
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6.2 Getting to Know Your SD-7108 Distributor / Deserializer
The Kramer SD-7108 is an adjustment-free, equalized, reclocking, multi-standard Serial Video
Distribution Amplifier. In addition, a parallel ECL reclocked output is also provided.
The machine provides automatic equalization for losses on the 75-ohm co-axial cable (up to 100s of
meters of cable - depending on the cable and the video standard), and reclocks the output to provide 8
low-jitter, serial digital outputs. Standard recognition is automatic, and front-panel LEDs indicate the
detected standard. 4fsc PAL, 4fsc NTSC, Component 4:2:2, and 16:9 (wide-screen) standards are all
recognized. The user may adjust the serial video output level. The CARRIER LED indicates the detection
of a signal at the input, and the SYNC LED shows that horizontal synchronization has been detected. The
machine operates for both 10-bit and 8-bit video, automatically recognizing the word length.
Panel features of the SD-7108 are described in Figure 4 and Table 2.
Figure 4: SD-7108 Front/Rear Panel Features
Table 2: SD-7108 Front/Rear Panel Features
Feature
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
POWER
LED INDICATORS
SERIAL IN
OUT LEVEL
SERIAL OUT
PARALLEL OUT
POWER SOCKET
Function
Power ON/Off Switch, illuminates when toggled.
LED status indicators
SDI input BNC connector
Output level adjustment trimmer
8 SDI outputs on BNCs
Parallel Digital output on DB-25F connector
A fused socket for connecting the mains power cord
KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.
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6.3 Getting to Know Your SD-7208 Serializer / Distributor
The Kramer SD-7208 is an adjustment-free, reclocking, multi-standard Serializer/SDI Distribution
Amplifier.
The machine embeds the clock and parallel data into an NRZI serial stream according to the SMPTE
259M standard and reclocks the output to provide 8 low-jitter, serial digital outputs. Standard recognition
is automatic. A front panel LED indicates locking to the incoming signal. The user may adjust the serial
video output level. The machine operates for both 10-bit and 8-bit video, automatically recognizing the
word length.
Panel features of the SD-7208 are described in Figure 5 and Table 3.
Figure 5: SD-7208 Front/Rear Panel Features
Table 3: SD-7208 Front/Rear Panel Features
Feature
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
POWER
LOCK
PARALLEL IN
OUT LEVEL
SERIAL OUT
POWER SOCKET
KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.
Function
Power ON/Off Switch, illuminates when toggled.
Signal LOCK indicator LED
Parallel Digital Video input socket on a DB25F connector
Output level adjustment trimmer
8 SDI outputs on BNCs
A fused socket for connecting the mains power cord
9
6.4 Getting to Know Your SD-7816 Digital Audio Distributor
The Kramer SD-7816 is a high performance, dual mode, distribution amplifier for digital audio
signals. The machine can be set to operate as a single-channel 1:16 or as a two-channel 1:8 unit. Several
digital formats are supported including AES/EBU, IEC 958, S/PDIF and EIAJ CP340/1201 professional
and consumer formats with sampling frequencies up to 96 kHz.
The machine provides 2 inputs, equalized to compensate for losses on twisted pair cables.
Reclocking at each input provides 16 low-jitter digital audio outputs. The SD-7816 uses 110-ohm twisted
pair cable on detachable terminal block connectors. All inputs and outputs are transformer coupled. The
front panel LEDs display the selected setup, the presence of digital audio signals, and the detection of errors
in the data stream.
Panel features of the SD-7816 are described in Figure 6 and Table 4.
Figure 6: SD-7816 Front/Rear Panel Features
Table 4: SD-7816 Front/Rear Panel Features
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
6.
Feature
POWER
ERROR/DATA
ERROR/DATA
MODE
INPUTS
EQUALIZE
OUTPUTS
POWER SOCKET
Function
Power ON/Off Switch, illuminates when toggled.
Channel B status LEDs
Channel A status LEDs
Mode select illuminated buttons (2x1:8 or 1:16 operation)
2 differential Digital Audio inputs (110Ω)
Equalization control dip-switches for the inputs
16 Digital differential Audio outputs on detachable terminal blocks
A fused socket for connecting the mains power cord
KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.
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6.5 Getting to Know Your SD-7816B Digital Audio Distributor
The Kramer SD-7816B is a high performance, dual mode, distribution amplifier for digital audio
signals. The machine can be set to operate as a single-channel 1:16 or as a two-channel 1:8 unit. Several
digital formats are supported including AES/EBU, IEC 958, S/PDIF and EIAJ CP340/1201 professional
and consumer formats with sampling frequencies up to 96 kHz.
The machine provides 2 inputs equalized to compensate for losses on 75-ohm cables. Reclocking at
each input provides 16 low-jitter digital audio outputs. The SD-7816B is designed for 75-ohm coaxial
cables on BNC connectors.
All inputs and outputs are transformer coupled. The front panel LEDs display the selected setup, the
presence of digital audio signals, and the detection of errors in the data stream.
Panel features of the SD-7816B are described in Figure 7 and Table 5.
Figure 7: SD-7816B Front/Rear Panel Features
Table 5: SD-7816B Front/Rear Panel Features
Feature
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
POWER
ERROR/DATA
ERROR/DATA
MODE
INPUTS
EQUALIZE
OUTPUTS
POWER SOCKET
KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.
Function
Power ON/Off Switch, illuminates when toggled.
Channel B status LEDs
Channel A status LEDs
Mode select illuminated buttons (2x1:8 or 1:16 operation)
2 single-ended digital audio inputs on BNCs (75Ω)
Equalization control dip-switches for the inputs
16 Digital single-ended Audio outputs on BNCs
A fused socket for connecting the mains power cord
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7
INSTALLATION
8
CONNECTING TO DIGITAL VIDEO DEVICES
Digital video sources and output devices may be connected to the SDI distributors through the BNC
type connectors on the back panel. SDI signals are very high frequency carrying signals, and are sensitive
to cable quality and length. SDI signals suffer from the “cliff effect” - where the signal might look good
after traveling a certain cable length, but when the line is extended with a few inches more - the signal
might crash completely, without any warning. Keep the length of the cables at the absolute minimum
required!
The machines described in this manual have built in provisions to minimize signal loss and
distortions. The SDI inputs have built-in cable equalization circuitries to compensate for high frequency
cable losses, as well as “time-base correction” - reclocking circuitries, which eliminate signal jitter
accumulated along the cables. The reclocking circuitry regenerates the signals, eliminating signal
instability and potential “cliff-effects”. With the built in equalization and reclocking circuitries, the
distributors can be operated using cable lengths of hundreds of meters, provided high quality cables are
used.
9
CONNECTING TO DIGITAL AUDIO DEVICES
Digital audio sources and output devices may be connected to the Digital Audio Distributors
through the detachable terminal block connectors or the BNC type connectors on the back panel. Digital
Audio signals have high frequency components, and are thus sensitive to cable quality and length, similar
to the SDI signals. Keep the length of the cables at the absolute minimum required! The machines
described in this manual have built in provisions to minimize signal loss and distortions. They have builtin cable equalization circuitries to compensate for high frequency cable losses, as well as “time-base
correction” - reclocking circuitries, which eliminate signal jitter accumulated along the cables. The
reclocking circuitry regenerates the signals clock pulses, eliminating signal instability and potential “cliffeffects”. The SD-7816 should be used if the digital audio system uses differential (balanced, 110Ω)
signals. The SD-7816B should be used if the system uses single-ended (unbalanced, 75Ω) signals.
10
TURNING ON THE MACHINE
1)
2)
NOTES
The machine should only be turned on after all connections are
completed and all source devices have been turned on. Do not
attempt to connect or disconnect any video signal to the
machine while it is turned on.
The socket-outlet should be near the equipment and should be
easily accessible. To fully disconnect equipment, remove the
power supply adapter from the mains socket.
1) Connect the machine's mains socket to the wall socket using the power cord (provided with the
machine).
2) Operate the source and the acceptors.
KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.
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10.1 Operation of the SDI Distributors
⌦
⌦
⌦
⌦
⌦
Connect an SDI source to the BNC input socket of the 6104 or SD-7108 distributor.
Connect a Parallel digital video source to the DB25 input socket of the SD-7208.
Connect up to four (6104), or eight (SD-7108, SD-7208), SDI acceptors to the output sockets
of the distributor.
Connect, if required, a Parallel digital video acceptor to the PARALLEL OUT socket of the
SD-7108.
Adjust, only if required, the SDI output levels (SD-7108, SD-7208) using an insulated
screwdriver. Bear in mind the machines are factory pre-adjusted for 1:1 transparency, and
unnecessarily trimming the output level will upset this transparency.
10.2 Operation of the Digital Audio Distributors
For AES/EBU twisted pair connections (as defined by AES3-1992 standard) the SD-7816 DA should
be used. The signal is bi-phase coded, transformer coupled and transmitted in a balanced format on shielded
twisted pair wires. The signal level may be 2 to 7 volts peak to peak with a source impedance of 110 ohms.
The interconnecting cable should exhibit nominal 110 ohms characteristic impedance. When connecting the
source and the acceptors, special attention should be paid to the polarity of the connections.
Measure the level of the input signal using an oscilloscope, (excluding overshoots and undershoots)
as shown in figure 8. Using this value, set the DIP-switches according to Table 6. (Table 6 is based on the
graph in figure 9 - “Professional format: 110 ohm, Balanced”).
Figure 8: Signal peak-to-peak measurement
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Figure 9: Compensation level
The AES and SMPTE committees established the standard interface for transmission of AES/EBU
data on coaxial cable, sometimes referred to as AES3-ID. For this type of interface, the SD-7816B should
be used. The signal is bi-phase coded, transformer coupled and transmitted over a coaxial cable in a single
ended format. The signal level is 1.0 volts peak to peak with a source impedance of 75 ohms. The
interconnecting cable should also exhibit a nominal 75 ohms characteristic impedance. After all the
connections have been made, turn on the source signals units and the SD-7816B and measure, using an
oscilloscope, the signal level - directly on the input connectors of the SD-7816B as discribed above. Using
this value, set the DIP-switches according to Table 6. (Table 6 is based on the graph in figure 9 “Consumer format – 75 ohms, on BNCs”).
KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.
14
Professional format: 110 ohm, Balanced
Measured value, DIP SWITCH SETTING
Volts (p-p)
4
3
2
1
1.8v and above
OFF OFF OFF OFF
1.7V
OFF OFF OFF ON
1.6v
OFF OFF ON
OFF
1.5V
OFF OFF ON
ON
1.4V
OFF ON
OFF OFF
1.3V
OFF ON
OFF ON
1.2V
OFF ON
ON
OFF
1.1V
OFF ON
ON
ON
1.0V
ON
OFF OFF OFF
0.9V
ON
OFF OFF ON
0.8V
ON
OFF ON
OFF
0.7V
ON
OFF ON
ON
0.6V
ON
ON
OFF OFF
0.5V
ON
ON
OFF ON
0.4V
ON
ON
ON
OFF
0.3V
ON
ON
ON
ON
Consumer format: 75 ohms, on BNCs
Measured value, DIP SWITCH SETTING
Volts (p-p)
4
3
2
1
0.9v and above OFF OFF OFF OFF
0.82V
OFF OFF OFF ON
0.77V
OFF OFF ON
OFF
0.72V
OFF OFF ON
ON
0.68V
OFF ON
OFF OFF
0.64V
OFF ON
OFF ON
0.60V
OFF ON
ON
OFF
0.55V
OFF ON
ON
ON
0.50V
ON
OFF OFF OFF
0.46V
ON
OFF OFF ON
0.41V
ON
OFF ON
OFF
0.37V
ON
OFF ON
ON
0.33V
ON
ON
OFF OFF
0.29V
ON
ON
OFF ON
0.24V
ON
ON
ON
OFF
0.20V
ON
ON
ON
ON
Table 6: Dip-Switch settings for signal level compensation
10.2.1 PROGRAMMING
The mode of operation (programming) is selected by activating one of the touch buttons marked A:8/B:8,
A:16, B:16.
The programming buttons illuminate when pressed and function as follows:
A:8/B:8 – splits input A to outputs 1A – 8A and input B to outputs 1B – 8B repectively.
A:16 – splits input A to all outputs 1A – 8A and 1B – 8B
B:16 – splits input B to all outputs 1A – 8A and 1B – 8B
10.2.2 INDICATION
Each channel has two status LEDs. The GREEN one indicates the presence of data and the RED
one indicates an ERROR within the digital audio signal. When a valid digital audio signal is detected, the
corresponding GREEN LED is lit. The RED LED may light up when there is no signal on the
corresponding input (GREEN LED off). When the RED LED is lit together with the GREEN LED, it is an
indication that the signal at the input is either a non-standard signal or it has errors. For normal operation,
the GREEN LED is lit and RED LED is unlit.
The built-in “watch dog” circuitry checks each and every frame of the digital audio signal. If an
ERROR appears in a frame, the RED LED is illuminated for about half a second.
11
TAKING CARE OF YOUR MACHINE
Do not locate your machine in an environment where it is susceptible to dust or moisture. Both of
these may damage the electronics, and cause erratic operation or failure. Do not locate your machine
where temperature and humidity may be excessive. Doing so may also damage the electronics, and cause
erratic operation or failure of your machine. Do not clean your machine with abrasives or strong cleaners.
Doing so may remove or damage the finish, or may allow moisture to build up. Take care not to allow
dust or particles to build up inside unused or open connectors.
KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.
15
12
TROUBLESHOOTING
1.
2.
NOTES
Please note that if the output signal is disturbed or interrupted
by very strong external electromagnetic interference, it should
return and stabilize when such interference ends. If not,
disconnect power from the machine and reconnect again to
reset the machine.
If the following recommended actions still do not result in
satisfactory operation, please consult your KRAMER Dealer.
12.1 Power and Indicators
Problem
No Power
Remedy
1. For the SD-7108, SD-7208, SD-7816 and SD-7816B, confirm that the
rocker switch is in the “ON” position, and that the switch is
illuminated.
2. For the SD-7108, SD-7208, SD-7816 and SD-7816B, confirm that
power connections are secured at the machine and at the receptacle.
Make sure the mains receptacle is active. If still there is no power,
remove power cord from AC outlet and then, using a flat head
screwdriver, remove the fuse holder located directly below the power
connector on your machine. Confirm that the fuse is good by looking
for the wire connected between the ends of the fuse. If the wire is
broken, replace the fuse with another, with the same rating.
3. For the 6104 – check for proper DC polarity, and if needed, carefully
remove the cover of the machine and check the on-board fuse. Replace
the fuse with an identical-value fuse if necessary.
12.2 SDI and Digital Audio Signals
Problem
No video or audio at
the output device.
Remedy
1. Confirm that your source and output devices are turned on and connected
properly. The input of your machine should be of an identical signal
format or standard as the output of your source. Signals at the output of
your machine should be of an identical signal format or standard as at the
input of your display or acceptor.
2. Confirm that any other device in the signal path has the proper input
and/or output selected.
3. Confirm that the maximum cable length was not exceeded.
Disappearance of the SDI or the Digital Audio signals may be a result of
the “cliff effect”.
KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.
16
LIMITED WARRANTY
Kramer Electronics (hereafter Kramer) warrants this product free from defects in material and
workmanship under the following terms.
HOW LONG IS THE WARRANTY
Labor and parts are warranted for three years from the date of the first customer purchase.
WHO IS PROTECTED
Only the first purchase customer may enforce this warranty.
WHAT IS COVERED AND WHAT IS NOT COVERED
Except as below, this warranty covers all defects in material or workmanship in this product.
The following are not covered by the warranty:
1) Any product which is not distributed by Kramer or which is not purchased from an authorized
Kramer dealer. If you are uncertain as to whether a dealer is authorized, please contact Kramer at
one of the agents listed in the web site www.kramerelectronics.com.
2) Any product, on which the serial number has been defaced, modified or removed.
3) Damage, deterioration or malfunction resulting from:
a) Accident, misuse, abuse, neglect, fire, water, lightning or other acts of nature.
b)
Unauthorized product modification, or failure to follow instructions supplied with the
product.
c)
Repair or attempted repair by anyone not authorized by Kramer.
d)
Any shipment of the product (claims must be presented to the carrier).
e)
Removal or installation of the product.
f)
Any other cause, which does not relate to a product defect.
g)
Cartons, equipment enclosures, cables or accessories used in conjunction with the
product.
WHAT WE WILL PAY FOR AND WHAT WE WILL NOT PAY FOR
We will pay labor and material expenses for covered items. We will not pay for the following:
1) Removal or installations charges.
2) Costs of initial technical adjustments (set-up), including adjustment of user controls or
programming. These costs are the responsibility of the Kramer dealer from whom the product was
purchased.
3) Shipping charges.
HOW YOU CAN GET WARRANTY SERVICE
1) To obtain service on you product, you must take or ship it prepaid to any authorized Kramer
service center.
2) Whenever warranty service is required, the original dated invoice (or a copy) must be presented as
proof of warranty coverage, and should be included in any shipment of the product. Please also
include in any mailing a contact name, company, address, and a description of the problem(s).
3) For the name of the nearest Kramer authorized service center, consult your authorized dealer.
KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.
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LIMITATION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES
All implied warranties, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose,
are limited in duration to the length of this warranty.
EXCLUSION OF DAMAGES
Kramer’s liability for any defective products is limited to the repair or replacement of the product at
our option. Kramer shall not be liable for:
1) Damage to other property caused by defects in this product, damages based upon inconvenience,
loss of use of the product, loss of time, commercial loss; or:
2) Any other damages, whether incidental, consequential or otherwise. Some countries may not
allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts and/or do not allow the exclusion or
limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations and exclusions may
not apply to you.
This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may have other rights, which vary from place
to place.
NOTE: All products returned to Kramer for service must have prior approval. This may be obtained
from your dealer.
NOTICE
This equipment has been tested to determine compliance with the requirements of:
EN-50081:
EN-50082:
CFR-47
"Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC);
generic emission standard.
Part 1: Residential, commercial and light industry"
"Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) generic immunity standard.
Part 1: Residential, commercial and light industry environment".
FCC Rules and Regulations:
Part 15- “Radio frequency devices:
Subpart B- Unintentional radiators
CAUTION
Servicing of the above mentioned machines is only allowed to a Kramer authorized technician or
Engineer. Any user who makes changes or modifications to the unit without the express approval of the
manufacturer will void user authority to operate the equipment.
Use the DC power supply (provided) to supply power to the machine and controllers.
Please use recommended interconnect cables to connect the machine to controllers and other components.
KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.
18
The list of Kramer distributors appears on our web site:
www.kramerelectronics.com
From the web site it is also possible to e-mail factory headquarters.
We welcome your questions, comments and feedback.
KRAMER ELECTRONICS, LTD.
3 Am VeOlamo Street. Jerusalem 95463, Israel Tel: (972-2)-654-4000. Fax: (972-2)-653-5369
E-mail: [email protected]