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Errata 54510A Digitizing Oscilloscope Front-Panel Title & Document Type: Reference Manual Manual Part Number: 54510-90901 Revision Date: December 1, 1990 HP References in this Manual This manual may contain references to HP or Hewlett-Packard. Please note that HewlettPackard's former test and measurement, semiconductor products and chemical analysis businesses are now part of Agilent Technologies. We have made no changes to this manual copy. The HP XXXX referred to in this document is now the Agilent XXXX. For example, model number HP8648A is now model number Agilent 8648A. About this Manual We’ve added this manual to the Agilent website in an effort to help you support your product. This manual provides the best information we could find. It may be incomplete or contain dated information, and the scan quality may not be ideal. If we find a better copy in the future, we will add it to the Agilent website. Support for Your Product Agilent no longer sells or supports this product. You will find any other available product information on the Agilent Test & Measurement website: www.tm.agilent.com Search for the model number of this product, and the resulting product page will guide you to any available information. Our service centers may be able to perform calibration if no repair parts are needed, but no other support from Agilent is available. Front-Panel Reference HP 54510A l GSa/s Digitizing osci1loscope И 輩脚 : @CopyrightHewlett-PackardCompany1990 HP Part Number 54510‐ 90901 Printed in thc UosA. Dcccmbcr 1990 Herstcl|crtcsc.hetnigung Hiermit wird bescheinigt,dqB dasGer6VSystem HP545104 in Ubereinstimmungmit den gsstimmungenvon PostverfiigunglWU funkentsttirtist. Der DeutschenBundespostwurde dasInverkehrbringendieses GeriteVsystemsangezeigtund die Berechtigungzur Uberpriifung der Serieauf Einhalnng der Bestimmungeneingeriiumt. Zusatzinformationfiir Mep- und Testgerite WerdenMeB- und Testgeritemit ungeschirmten Kabelnund/oderin offenenMepaufbautenverwendet,so ist vom Betreibersicherzustellen, daBdie Funk-Entstil6sslimmupgen an seiner unter Betriebsbedingungen Grundstiicksgren:ze eiagehaltenwerden. Manufacturer'sdeclaration This is to certifythat this productmeetsthe radio frequencyinterference requirementsof directiveL046,I8y'.. The GermanBundesposthasbeen notifiedthat this equipmentwasput into circulationand wasgrantedthe right to checkthe product tlpe for compliancewith theserequirements. Additional Informationfor Test-and MeasurementEquipment Note: If testand measurement equipmentis operatedwith unshielded cablesand/orusedfor measurements on openset-ups,the usermust insurethat undertheseoperatingconditions,the radio frequency interferencelimits are met at the border of his oremises. Product Warranty This Hewlen-Packardproduct hasa warranty againstdefectsin material and workmanshipfor a period of three yearsfrom date of shipment. During warrantyperio4 Hewle$-PackardCompanywi[ at is option, either repair or replaceproductsthat prove to be defective. For warrantyserviceor repair, this product mustbe returned to a service facility designatedby Hewlen-Packard. However,warranty servicefor products installedby Hewlett-Packardand certain other products desipated by Hewlett-Packardwill be performed at the Buyer'sfacility at no chargewithin the Hewlett-Packardservicetravel area. Outside Hewlett-Packardservicetravel areas,warrantyservicewill be performed at the Buyer'sfacility only upon Hewlett-Packard'sprior agreenent and the Buyer shall payHewlett-Packard'sround trip travel e4penses. For products returned to Hewlett-Packardfor warranty service,the Buyer shall prepay shippi"g chargesto Hewlett-Packardand Hewlett-Packard shall pay shippragchargesto return the product to the Buyer. tlowever, the Buyer shall pay all shippingcharges,duties,and taxesfor products returned to Hewlett-Packardfrom anothercountry. Hewlett-Packardwarrantsthat its softwareand firmware desipated by Hewlett-Packardfor usewith an instrumentwill executeits program'ning instructionswhen properly installed on that instrnrnent. Hewlett-Packard doesnot warrant that the operation of the instrumentsoftware,or firmwarewill be uninterruptedor error free. Umitrationof Wananty The foregoingwarranty shallnot apply to defectsresultingfrom improper or inadequatemaintenanceby the Buyer,Buyer-suppliedsoftu/areor interfacing,unauthorizedmodification or ''risuse,operation outsideof the for the product,or impropersitepreparation environmentalspecifications or maintenance. NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSEDOR IMPLIED. HEWLETT-PACKARD SPECIFICALLY DISCI-AIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICUT-ARPURPOSE. Exc:usive nemedies THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARETHE BUYER'SSOE PACKARD SHALL AND EXCLUSM REMEDIFQ.HEWLET‐ REσ ,SPECIAL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECr,IND】 層圧打HER いL DAMAGES,Ч INCIDENTAI.OR CONSEQUEN口 BASED ON CONrRACr,TORT,OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY. Asgistance Product naintenance agreementsand other customerassistance agreementsare availablefor Hewlett-Packardproducts. For any assistance,contactyour nearestHewlett-PackardSalesand ServiceOffice. Certification Safety Hewlett-PackardCompanycertifies 1f,31thisproduct met is published specificationsat the time of shipmentfrom the faclory. Hewlett-Packard further certi.fiesthat its calibration measurementsare traceableto the United StatesNational Bureau of Standards,to the extentallowedby the Bureau'scalibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International StandardsOrganizationnembers. This product hasbeendesignedand testedaccordingto International SafetyRequirements. To ensuresafeoperation and to keepthe product safe,the information, cautions,and warningsin this manualmustbe heeded. Gontents Chapter l :ntrodu●ing the HP 54510A htroduction.… Chapter 2 .¨ .¨ .¨ .¨ ・… … ・… … ・… … ・… … … … ・… … … …1‐ 1 Instrument Setup Introduction InitialInspection .. . Contents of Shipment AvailableAccessories OperatingEnvironment..... Storageand Shipping RearPanel PowerRequirements .. .. . SelectingLine Voltage VerifyingtheFuse PowerCord . Line Switch IntensityControl Air FlowRequirements ConnectingE:rternalEquipment Chapter3 F『ont‐Pane:Over宙 .......2-L .......2-t .....2-t .........2-2 .....2-2 . ..2-2 ........2-3 .......2-3 . . .24 ......2-5 ...2-5 ....2-5 .......2-7 ... ....L7 ...2-B ew lntroductlon to thc Front Panel.…… … … … … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … …3‐ 1 … … … … … … … … … … … … …… … … … … … … ・ S y s t c m C o n t r o l .…… 2 3‐ … … … …… … …… 。… … … ・・… … … … … … …3‐ RUN/STOP Key.… 2 ..… … …・・… … ・… … … … … … … … ・… ・・… 。 .… SINGLE Key.… 3‐ 3 C L E A R D I S P L A Y K e y . … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ……3 ‐ 3 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ LOCAL Kcy ........・ 3‐ 3 …………………………………………………。 HARDCOPY Key。 33 4 Setup … … ..… ・・・・・・…・… ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・。 3‐ …… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ¨ …3 ‐ AttOSCALE Key.… 5 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ RECALL Kcy ........・ 3‐ 5 SAVE】 くey ......・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 3‐ 6 … … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … … … … … ・ SHOW Key.… 3‐ 6 Menus .… .… .… … ・…・・・・・・・… ・・… ・・・・・・・・・・… ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 3‐ 7 HP 54510A Front‐Panel Reference Contents.t E n t r y. NumericKelpad Ituob. FINEKey I n p u t. Display InstrumentReset. Chapter4 Timebase Menu IntroductiontotheTimebase .. Time/DivKey delayKey referenceKey . . repetitive/ realtimeKey.. r e p e t i t i vmeo d e. realtimemod .e MemoryBarExercise $ingleShotExercise $ingleShotin RepetitiveMode . $ingleShotin RealTine Mode Panand Taom . Panand Zoom Exercise Zooning Panning Chapter5 ...+L ........1-1 ...+3 .. .$3 .....+4 .........U ........u .....+5 ......+8 . . . . . . .+8 . .. . . . .4-11 ..+L2 ..+L2 .......+13 ......+15 ChannelMenu IntroductiontoChannels CHANNELKey.. VerticalSensitivityKey.. offsetKey CouplingKey.. Inputlmpedance. moreKey probekey ECLKey TTLKey Contents-2 ...............38 ........98 .......19 .........19 .....t9 ....110 ....3-11 .........5-1 .......5-2 .........5-2 ........5-2 ..........5-3 ........5-3 .........5-4 ........5-4 .........5-5 ...5-5 HP54510A Front-PanelReference Ghapter6 HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference Trigger Menu Introduction to the Triggers TriggerModelnteraction. EdgeTriggerMode. trig'd/autoKey. .. sourceKey.. levelKey slopeKey noiserejectKey.. holdoffKey HoldoffExercise .. Instru'nentSetup . OscilloscopeSetup. PatternTriggerMode. patternKey.. whenKey holdoffKey PatternTriggerExercise . InstrumentSetup OscilloscopeSetup. StateTriggerMode. clockKey whenKey presentKey.. holdoffKey StateTriggerExercise InstrumentSetup . Oscilloscope Setup. DelayTrigger Mode qualifyonKey qualtfyonedge qualifyonpattern quali$onstate delayKey triggeron Key DelayTriggerExercise InstrumentSetup . Setup. Oscilloscope . . . .G1 ....G1 ........G2 . ..G3 .......G3 .....63 ....63 ....G3 ......6-3 ....6-4 ......6.4 ......65 ......68 ....G9 ........6-9 ....610 ....6-10 .....611 ....6-11 .......6-15 ......6-15 ......6-15 ........6-16 .....6-16 .....6-16 .....6-16 ....6-L7 . .....6-m ........6-m ........6-20 ......6-2L ........6-2L .....6-22 . . .6-23 ....6-8 .....6-23 .. . .6-24 Contents‐ 3 TVTriger Modc . StandardSelect IGy SourceSelectKey leveVpolarityKey .. field Key lineKey holdoffKey TV TriggerExercise InstrumentSetup. OscilloscopeSetup. Chapter 7 .....6n ....,6-n ....,,.,6n .....G28 .. .628 . ..6-28 ....6-28 ......629 ....6-29 ........G29 Displav Menu lntroduction tO the play.… Dヽ … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …7‐ 1 D“ lay MOde Key.… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …7… 3 nom.......・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 7‐ 3 avg .......・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 4 7‐ cnv.......・ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 7‐ 5 #of screcns Key.… .… .… .… … ・… … … 。… … … … … ・… ・… … … ・・ 7‐ 5 。r/frame/axcs/gid Key.… ……………………………………………・ 7‐ 6 conned dots Key.… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …… … 。 7‐ 7 Ghapter8 Ghapter9 Content3-4 Delta VDe]la V Menu Introductiontothe Markers.... AVmarkersKey.. V m a r k eZr Y . e y. VmarkerlKey. AtmarkersKey... startmarkerKey.. stopmarkerKey.. ......8-1 ........8-2 ........8-2 .."......8-2 ...8-3 .......8-3 ......8-3 Wavelorm Math Menu lntroductiontotheFunctions .. DefrningaFunction F u n c t i oKne y. . displayKey chan/memKey... O p e r a t o r K e.y. ....9-1 ........9-2 ........9-2 ......9-2 ......9-3 .......9-3 HP 54510A F『ont‐Pane:Reterence chan/memKcy sensitivityKey offsetl(cy Verticalscalingunits DisplayingFunctions WaveformMathExercise InstrumentSetup. OscilloscopeSetup. Chapter10 Waveform SaveMenu IntroductiontotheMemoriEs.... waveform/pixellGy.. waveformMenu. nonvolatile Key .. displayKey Key .. source storeKey pixelMenu v o l a t i l e K e .y. displayKey clearmemoryKey.. a d d t o m e i n o r y K e. .y WaveformSaveExercise . InstrrrmentSetup OscilloscopeSetup. Chapter11 HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference ....94 ...94 .. .94 ......94 .......9-5 .....9-7 ......9-7 .....9-7 Define Measure Menu .. IntroductiontoMeasurements MeasurementSelection def/measlimit Key meas/meas measSubmenu... continuousKey.. statisticsKey.. DefineSub-menu Measure defrnedKey... standard/user thresholds/ measurementsKey. Measure LimitSubmenu... testKey ..1G,1 .....10-1 ........10-z .. ... .1:Uz .....10-2 ....1:0-z .....1&2 .......10-3 ........10-3 ....1O4 ...104 ........104 . .104 ....1$-{ ....10-4 ........11-1 . .ll-z . . . .11-3 .......11-3 .....11-3 .......1,1-3 .......IL4 ..LI4 ...L1--4 .....1L,7 .......LL-7 Contents‐ 5 setlcy failif>IGy.. orif < Key.. savetoKey.. afterfailKey.. Ghapter12 Contents€ ...... Utility Menu IntroductiontotheUtilities.... ttP-lg menu. talkonlynode addressedmode . formfeedKey.. paperlengthKey . . device modeKey exitmenuKey.. SELFTESTMENU r e mT e s t romTest acquisitionTest.. MiscellaneousTest.. loop Test starttestKey.. testallKey.. exitmenuKey.. PROBECALMENU attenuation submenu channelKey.. startcalKey.. c o n t i n uKee y . . abortKey exitmenuKey.. tine nullsubmenu t i m eK e y exitmenuKey.. SelfCalmenu. calselectKey.. channelKey.. startcalKey.. printcalsKey.. continueKey . . ......11€ ......11{ .....11{ ....11-8 ...11-8 ...L2-L .. ... .L2-2 ...L2-2 ......12-2 .......I2-3 .. . .L2-3 ........12-3 ........L2-3 ........L24 . .. .. ..L24 .........t2-6 .....L24 ...t24 . .L2-6 .........12-6 ....12-6 .........t2-6 ....,L2.7 .........12-8 ........12-8 ...I2-8 ........L2-8 .......12-8 .......12-8 .....L2-9 .......12-9 .......I2-9 ...L2-10 ......L2-10 .......12-LL .......I}-lL ......L?-LL .. ., -.IZ-LI HP 545104 Front-Panel Reference abort IGy exitmenulGy sendcernenu . clickerKey.. acBNCKey .. CalibrationProcedure AppendixA ..tLt1....,12-tl .12-LI ......12-12 ......12-12 A:gOrlthms ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・●●●●●・・・・・●●●●●・A‐1 Measurement Sctup .........・ 。… … … … … … … … … … … …… … … … … … 。A‐1 Making Mcasurcmen“ ‥ … … … … … … … … … … … … … …・A‐2 Standard Measurements.… 。¨ .… .¨ ・… ・… ・¨ 。… ・… ・… ・A‐2 User deaned Mcasurements.¨ .… .`・… ・… .… .… 。… ・…・… ・… ・… ・‥ ‥ A‐2 Automatic To,Base.… E d g e D e f m i t i o n . …… … … … … ・・… … … … … … … … … … … … … … 。A ‐3 …… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … A‐3 AlgoHth7n Dchitions.… delay.… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … A‐3 +宙 dth..‥ … … ・… … … … … ・… 。… ・… … ・… … … … ・… … ・¨ 。A‐4 -宙 dth.… … … … … … … ・… … … … ・… ・… … … … … … … … … … A‐5 Period.… …… … … … … … … ・… … … 。¨ ・… ・… … … ・… … ・… … 。A‐5 Frcqucncy.… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …… … … … … …・A‐5 Duty Cycle.… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …… … … … … …・A‐5 Rtetime.… … … … … … … … … ・… ・… … ・… ・… … … ・… … … … … A‐5 Fantimc.… … … … …..¨ ・・… … … … … ・・… … …… … ・・… … …・A‐5 Vmax.… … … … … … … … … ・・… ・… … … … … …・… … … … … …・A‐5 Vmin。 … .… .… ・… ・… 。¨・… 。… ・… ・… ・… ・… ・… ・… ・… ・… ・… A‐5 Vレ p・ … … ・… … … … … ・… … … … ・… … ・… … …。… … … … … … 。A‐5 Vtop… … … .… .… ・… ・…・・… ・・¨ ・… ・・… ・… … … ・… ・… ・… … A‐6 Vbase.… … .… … ・¨ 。… … … … ・… … … ・… … …… … … ・… … 。… A‐6 Vamp… … … … .… … … ・・… 。… 。… ・… ・… ・… ・・… … … … … ・…・A‐6 Vavg… 。… … … .… ・… … … ・… … … ・… ・… ・… ・¨ ・… ・… ・… … … A‐6 Vrms.… 。… 。… ・… … … 。… ・… ・… ・・… ・… ・… …… ・… ・… ・… ・… A‐6 1ntegrate..… … … … … ・・… … … … … ・・… … … …… … … … … ・… ・A‐6 Differcntiate .… ......・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・… ・・・・・・・…・・・・A‐6 AppendixB HP 54510A Front‐Pane:Reference General Inlormation InstrumentDescription AccessoriesSupplied AccessoriesAvailable OptionsAvailable ... .... .... ....... B-1 B-1 B-f B-1 Contents‐ 7 Performancespecifications Vertical Horizontal Trigger PerformanceCharacteristics.... Vertical Horizontal Trigger OperatingCharacteristics.... Vertical Horizontal TriggerModes DelayedTrigger.... TVTrigger Display DisplayModes.... Delta-t/Delta-V WaveformMath. Waveformsave.. User-definableMeasurementThresholds serupAids Hardcopy Full HP-IB Programmability ProductSupport GeneralCharacteristics... Environmental Conditions PowerRequirements .... Weight Dimensions Contents-8 ...... B-2 ... B'2 ..... B'2 ... B'? ..8-3 .. .. .. . B-3 .... B'5 ........ B'5 .... B-5 ....... B-5 ...... B-7 .. B-7 ..8'8 ..... B-9 .. B-9 ... B-10 ....... B-11 .... B-11 .... B-LL ..... B-L2 ...B-12 .... B-13 .. B-U! ..... B-15 .....8-16 .... 8-16 .... 8'16 ...... 8-16 ... B_19 HP 54510A Front-Panel Reterence ■日 IntrOducing the HP 54510A Introduction The HP 545104Digitizing Oscilloscopeis a general-purposerepetitive and real-time oscilloscope,fuIIy progro"""able and transportable.The HP 54510Ahastwo input channelsand an etrernal trigger input. Full HP-IB progrrmmabiliit],is incorporatedfor usein a broad rangeof HP-IB applications,fro4 high-speedATE to devicecharacterizationin research and developmentenvironnrents.The HP 54510Aalsofeanres powerful triggerin& easywaveformstorage,automaticmeasurements, and instant hardcopyoutput. The HP 54510Afeaturesan easy-to-usehumaninterface,let hasmany sophisticatedcapabilitiesand nultiple triggering functions. Waveforns are easilystored for futwe reference,waveformmeasurementsare automatic,and instant hardcopyis availablewhen the HP 545104is used with an HP-IB compatibleprinter or plotter. Someof the key featuresof the HP 54510Aare listed here. See Appendix B for a completelisti"g of specificationsand characteristics. HP 54510A Front‐ Panei Reference o o o Bandwidth - dc to 250MHz (real time and repetitive) MaximumSanple Rate - l GSa/s MemoryDepth per Channel- 8 k o 1 o 8 bits Vertical Resolution Input andDisplay ftrys-gfuannel ExternalTriggerlnput o o o AdvancedLogic Triggering TV Trigger (includinguser-defined) Pre and Post-TriggerViewing o o o Autoscalefor AutomaticSetup (User-definedand Statistical) AutomaticMeasurements HardcopyOutput lntroduction l ‐ 1 Introduction 1-2 o o o Mca$rementl'-itTest WarrcformMath (+ r -, \ls,iwcrt, only) WaveformCalculus(integrateand differentiate) o o o PostacquisitionPanandZoom Four Nonvolatile SetupMemories Four Nonvolatile WaveformMemories o o o o TwoVolatilePixelMemories Full HP-IB Progrernrnability SegmentableMenoryover HP-IB HP-IB Multiple $ingle-shotCapability (300k RAM, up to 5fi) Waveformsper Second) llP 54510A Front-Panel Reference lnstrument Setup lntroduction This chaptergsa[ainsinformation for unpacking applyingpower, and connectingoptional accessoriesto the HP 54510A. Inspectiotr,power requirements,and instructionsfor running the HP 54510Aself-testfor performanceverification are'alsoincluded in thie'chapter. For safeand trouble-free operation,follow the instructions and advisories in this chapter. Read the SafetyS"rnrary included in this nanual. initia: Inspection Inspectthe shippingcontainerfor damage.If the shippingcontaineror sushisningmaterial is damaged"keep it until the contentsof the shipment havebeenchecked. Checkthe shipmentfor completenessand checkthe instrumentelectrically and mechanically. If the contentsare incomplete,there is mechanicaldamageor defect"or if the instrumentdoesnot passthe selftestperformanceverification, noti$ the nearestHewlen-PackardOfrice. Keep the shippingmaterialsfor carrier's inspection. The Hewlett-PackardOffrce will arrnge for repair or replacementat HP's option without waiting for claim settlement. Contentsof Shipment The following items are shippedwith the HP 54510ADigitizi"g Oscilloscope: o o o o o o o HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference Two HP 104414Probes Probe to BNC Adapter, L250-L454 HP 54500DigitizingOscilloscopesGettingStattedGuide HP 54510AFrontPonel Reference HP 5451(MProgrammingReference HP 54510AServiceManual FeelingCon{onable with DigitizingOscilloscopes InstrumentSetup 2-1 Anllable Accessorles The following optional accesoriesare availablefor usewith the HP545104: o o o o o r o o o r Operating Environment Carrying Case,HP Part Number 1tm-1066 Rack Mount Kit, t{P Part Number 5061-6175 HP llS0ATestmobile HP l1!}3ATVMdeoSyncPod HP 1141ADifferential Probe HPlBTAHigh-VoltageProbe HP 10024,4' Integrated Circuit 16pin Test Clip HP l0zllAlntegrated Circuit 2$pnTest Clip PC Board Horizontd Mini-Probe SockeLHP Part Number 12fi-t737 PC Board Vertical Mini-Probe Socket.HP Part Number 1250-'1918 The HP 54510Aoscilloscopeis operatedin a normal lab or bench environmentwithout anyadditional considerations.Note the non-condensinghunridity limitation in the list of characteristicssupplied in this manual. Condensationin ttre instlumsat cabinetcan causepoor operation or nalfunction. Protection should be provided against temperatureeKremeswhich causecondensation. Storageand Shipping The HP 545104maybe stored or shippedin environnentswith the following limitations: o o o Temperature:-40"C to +75" C(-40'Fto + 15S F) Humidity: Up to %)Voat 65'C (149" F) Altitude: Up to 15,300meters(50,000feet) If the HP 54510Ais to be shippedto a Hewlett-PackardServiceCenter for serviceor repair,attacha tag to the instrumentidentifyingowner, addressof owner,completeinstrumentmodelnumberandserialnumber and a descriptionof requiredservice. :nstrument Setup 2‐2 HP 54510A Front-PanelReference If the original packagingmaterial is no longer arailable,identical packing naterial is availablethrough local Hewlett-Packardoffices. Mark the containerFRAGILE to ensurecareful handling. In anycorrespondence, refer to the instrumentbythe model and serial number. Rgaf Pangl Power Requirements The rear panel of the rrp 5+510Acontainsthe power input, voltage selectormodule,power switc\ esernal @nnectors,and calibrator protection switchesasshownin figure 2-1. The HP 54510Arequiresa po\iler soruoeof either 115or 230Volts ag - EVoto * 15Vo;singlephase,€ to 66 Hz;200 Watts maximumpower. Power lnput and on/offswitchx$:ffijjJ"""tor ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ 60 1111 lIIlllll・ DC Calibrator Output ProbeCompensation AC CalibratorOutput CalibratiOn PrOtect Switch Figure 2-1. HP 5451M Rear Panel HP 54510A Front‐Pane:Reference :nstrument Setup 2‐ 3 Selec'ting Une Voltage The firsemodule is set at Hewlett-Packardto the linc voltageusedin the eountryof destination. Checkthe settingof the fusemodule to veri$ it is in the correct position for the voltageto be used. If the setti'g needsto be changed usethe follovringprocedure. CAUTION BEFOREAPPLYINGPOWERTO 77IE INSTRUMENT,BE SURE 7:HEFUSE MODULE IS SET TO T'HE CORRECT LINE VOLTAGE POSWON. Sa,eretutnage will occurif the Iine voltagek not popedy set. Changethe fusemodule position by prrlling the fusemodule out and reinsertingit with the appropriate arrows aligDed. o Careilly pry at the top center of the module asshownin figure 2-2, until it can be graspedand pulled out. Figurc2-2. SelectingLine Voltage InstrumentSetup 2-4 HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference Verlfying the Fuse If it is neccssarytocheckor changefuses,removethe fusemodule and look at eachfusefor its anperageand voltageratings. ︱ ︱ 劉 軒 Figure2-3. CheckingfortheComct Fuse PowerCord The HP 54510Ais a SafetyClassI instrument with an ergosedchassis that is directly connectedto earth via the power supplycord to meet IEC Standard348. This instrumentis provided with a three-wire power cable. When co'-ected to an appropriateac power outlet, this cablegrouadsthe instruqrentcabinet.The rlpe of power cableplug shippeddependson the country of destination. Seethe ncxt pagefor availablepower cords. Line Switch The line switch is located on the rear panel. Turn on the oscilloscopeby pressing1 on the rocker switch. The rocker switch is labeled 1 and 0, correspondingto on and off, respectively. ︱ ︱ ︲ ︱ ︱ 。側 ︱ ・ llllllllIlll llllllllllII llllllIlllII lllI Figure 24. Line Switch HP 54510A F『ont‐Pane:Reference InstrumentSetup 2_5 … PH臨 L― … "… … “ ”” ” “ :い0●●S193“ ●ti● ” “ mm嗜 lhtt.d lini6, Cttrsa t t i 9 . ?i r , zldtu. slncrra Gr.t Iint Gt., 細 麺神 ””“ 4 ″″2 Str●1■tt"● :C●[' ” ”” : ■t ●C E E 7 V , 1 St7● rint Ilrl h Zaolond Cr!t Gr.t Jo& Gaa, 8t.Gl 6no6o intr..an.ct ano [email protected] ,r. iph.r! lr . ond hli.d tt.t.. Conoao only to. .rrtfr 獅獅 ”” ∞∞ ”” ワ υ ¨ ” .F6rl hu6b.r .h-n lor prug i. !.&.!.t id..r;li.r cdrr.t. ccbr. 'ncrsd'6q prg9. ..1ha3r.ordi or. iaclud.O in tir 6A cartificot;06 rn grouno f{dr 16. prug 6^lt. orororol of th. Nd.. .hoi lor Gdbl. i. F Dott.6.7 16' aq{i@nt, Figure 2-5. Available Power Cords InstrumentSetup 2-6 HP 54510A Front‐Panei Reference :nten3町 COntrO: Oncethe oscilloecopehasbeenturned on, the displayintensitycanbe adjusted,if necassary.The intensityis adjustedwith the Display Intensity control on the rear panel. ([:]) IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIlllllI M・剛I 剛剛‖・ IIIIIIIIIIII 0 0 0 Figurc2-6. IntensityConnol Air Flow Requirements HP 54510A Panel Reference Front‐ The HP 54510Amust haveunrestrictedair flow for the fan and ventilation openingsin the rear panel. The HP 54510Amaybe stackedunder,over, or betweenother instrumentsprovided the the other instrumentsare adequatelycooled. :nstrument Setup 2‐7 Connecting External Equipment The HP 54510Ais equippedwith an HP-IB comector on tle rear panel. This allons a direct connectionto an HP-IB compatible printer, plotter, or externalcontroller. Connectan HP-IB cableto the oscilloscopeand anyHP-IB compatiblc device. Tightcn the HP-IB cablewith the captivescrewsof the cableto avoid disconnectingthe cable. O Π = = ビ Π= = u 0 lIIIIIIIl ([3) lII n= = u 歴 曇 曇 3ρllll IllllIIlξ ◎ ◎ Figurc2-7. ConnectingExtanal Equipment The HP 54510A must be properly addressedto communicate with the connected device. The HP 54510A HP-IB address is set in the HP-IB submenu. See "HP-[B Menu" in Chapter 12 for detailed information about the HP-IB submenu. lnstrumentSetup 2-8 HP 54510A Front‐Panel Reference Front-Panel Overuiew IntfOdUCtiOn tO the FfOnt pangl 3 Thischapterdescribes thefunctionalsectionsof theHP 545104front panel.Theexplanationofeachareaalsocontainstheirinteractionwith eachotherandprovidea basisfor applications andusages. into sixfunctionalareas. Thefront panelis separated 。一 ¨ ¨ 0一 0 ¨一 ¨ 一 0 0 0000 0000 Entry Devices Figure?1. HP 5451M Front Panel ltP 54510A Front-Panel Relerence Front-PanelOverview 3-1 SystemControl The SYSTEM CONTROL keysare located alongthe top of the oscilloscopeto the right of the display. This sectioncontrolsthe following functions: o o o Dynanicdsplayfeatures Selectinglocalcontrol Activating hardcopy Selectionof anykey in the SYSTEM CONTROL sectioncausesthe oscilloscopeto executethat comrnandimmediately. 00000 00 0 0 0 0 00000 0 0 0 Cl ① ① ⑮ 00 Figure3-2. SystemContol Section RUN/STOPKey Front-PanelOverview +2 The RUN/STOPkeytogglesthe acquisitionstatusof the HP 54510A.If the oscilloscopeis currently lunning (the current statusis displayedin the the top left cornerof the displayin the message field), the instru'nentis placedin r&lestoppedmode. In this 6sds, normalacquisitionis stopped and the last acquireddata is displayed. If the oscilloscopeis stopped,it is immediatelychangedto anothermode(for exanple,running,awaitingor uiger, auto-tngger). HP 54510A F『ont‐Panel Reference S:NGLE Key CLEAR D:SPLAY Key The SINGLE keyactivatesthe acquistiongnstcnfor one trigger ercnt. One acquisitonis madeand displayed;then the data acquisitionand displaycycleis stopped. In repetitive mode,this singleacquistionis superimposedon the current displayed&ta If the displayhasbeen clearedbefore the SINGLE key is prxsed" only one acquisitionis displayed. The CLEAR DISPLAY key clearsthe displayand resets all associated measurements.If the oscilloscopeis in the stoppedmode,all data that is currently displayedis erased. If the oscilloscopeis running,all data is erased;howcver,new data is displayedon the next acquisition. The RUN/STOP and SINGLE keysare not affected. The RUN/STOP, SINGLE, and CLEAR DISPI-AY keyshavea relationshipthat makeit possible1q'nanipulatedata acquisitionsand view one,two, or severalacquisitions. It is possibleto stop acquiring datq to clear the displaS and to capture one acquisitionfor evaluation. The displaycanbe clearedwbile acquiring to capturenew data. The acquisitionscanbe manipulatedwith thesethree keysand other keysand settingsare not affected. LOCAL Key The LOCAL key sendsa return to local control messageto the IIP-IB interface and returns control to the front panel.This key can be locked out if a local lockout comrnandis executedover the HP-IB. This is the only activefront-panel keywhile the oscilloscopeis in remote operation,ifit hasnot beenlockedout. HARDCOPY Key The HARDCOPY key executesan inmediate hardcopyof the currently displayeddata on a compatibleplotter or graphicsprinter and stopsall other oscilloscopefunctionswhile printing. The oscilloscopemust be in the talk only mode,and the hardcopydevice must be in the listen alwaysmode. Setupof the hardcopyoptions is in the HP-IB submenu(seeChapter12,"Utilities Menun). accessed Selectionof anykeyabortsthe hardcopyaction. HP 54510A Front‐ Pane:Reference Front-PanelOveMew 3-3 Setup for displalng The SETUP sectionof the front panel controls subsystems input data- The setupsectioncontrols the following displayinfornation: o o o AUTOSCALE for automaticscalingof the waveformdisplayarea SAVEandRECAllsetups Quick aeoessts sfuannelfunction, and trigger information on the SHOW screen 000 0000 00000『 0 ooooolll oooqfll o o 回 回 ロ ロ Figure?3. Seup Section Front-PanelOverview &4 HP 545104 Front-Panel Reference AUTOSGALE Key This key causesthe oscilloscopcto evaluateall input signrlqand set the correct conditionsto displaythe signals.When AUTOSCALE is pressed the following conditionsare set: ● ● ● Vertical sensitivityon all channels(if applicablQ Vertical offset on all channels(if applicable) Trigger edgemode,positiveslope,and proper trigger level for the trigger souroe Setsto minimum perisitencewhen in normal displayand repetitive acquisitionmodes(singlepersistencein real time acquisitionnode) Time per division Autoscale also includesa soft resetwhich performsthe following: o o o o o o o o Turns offAVAV markers Turns offall measurements Turns offmeasurenent limit test Turnsoffwaveformmathfunctions Turns offwaveform/pixelmemorydisplay Turns off statistics Turns offconnect-the-dots Setsholdoffto zl0ns (minimum vralue) The previousoscilloscopesetting are storedin volatile memory RECALL 0. To recall setting, pressRECALL 0. RECALL Key The RECALL key hasthree primary functions: Pressingthe RECALL keyand thenselectingL,2,3, or 4, causes recall of a previouslysavedsetupconfiguration. The current configurationis automaticallysavedbefore executionof an autoscale,recalt or settingup ECIJTTL presets. RECALL 0 is an undo of theseactions. Waveformscannotbe savedto RECALL 0. PressingRECALL CLEAR resetsthe instrumentand returns the HP 545104 to defaulVpower-upsettings. The oscilloscopedoesnot perform power-upself-tests(seeInstnment Reset). HP 54510A Front-Panel Relerence Front-PanelOverview 3-5 SAVE Key SIIOW Key The SAVE key immediatelystoresthe oscilloacopesetupconfigurationin nonvolatilememory. PressSAVE, and then seled a saveregister:1, 2, 3, or 4. An advisoryis displayedabovethe waveformdisplayareaindicating tle setupconfigurationhasbeensaved. The SHOW key accessesthe following information: o o o o o o o o o o o Channelscaling Channeloffset Channelcoupling 50Q Probeattenuation Trigger sour@ Trigger level Math functioo operation Math function scaling Math function offset Memories Pressi'g the SHOW key togglesbetweenthe currently selectedmenuand the SHOW screen. This screenpresentsthe most completeand detailed instrumentsetup information. Sslssl this screenbefore making a hardcopyto include all SHOW screeninformation on the hardcopy. Fronl-PanelOverview 3-6 HP 54510A Front-Panel Relerence Menus The MENUS scctionconsistsof nine kep: TIMEBASE CHAN― TRIG DISPLAY At/AV WFORM MATH WFORM SAVE MEAS DE― ■「H L Each of thesemenusis discussedin the following chapters. 00000 0000 目 昌6 言1目 目 囲 口 0口 ④ Figure34. MenusSection HP 54510A F『ont‐Panel Reference Front-PanelOverview *7 丁 Entry ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ― The ENTRY devicesectionspafeinsa multifunction nu-eric kelpad, a selectionknob, and a FINE key. 8日 0- ― 0000 固 ロ 目 目○ 目 目 ENTRY Figure 3-5. Entry Section Numeric Keypad The keypadis for direct numericinput. To input knownvaluesdirectly, pressthe associated softkeyto activatethe desiredfield on screen,and then selectthe units with the numeric keys.For example,do the following stepsto set the vertical sensitivityto 500mV: SelectV/div in the Channelmenuto ensureit is the activefield (displayedin tu[brigb$ Press5,0,0, mV in sequence. Front-PanelOverview 3-8 HP 54510A Front‐Panei Reference The blue key on the numeric kelpad selectsthe alternatefirnction cfien pressedbefore a nuneric key on the front-panel keypad. The alternate function of the kep on the rigbt column are measurementunits. The CLEAR key clearsany selectionsmadefor the activefield. Knob FINE Key The knob changesvalueswithin eachfunction. It increments,de6ements, or togglesthe selectionin the activefield or function. The current selectionis displayedin fullbright in the displayedmenuarea and canbe changedwith the knob. The FINE key changesthe incrementand decrementsequence.Instead of sequencingin the normal sequence,the valuesincremenVdecrementin more precisevalues. Use this feature when the normal sequenceis too coarsefor precision measurementsor settings. When the HP 54510Ais operatingin the fine mode,the word.Jineis displayedin the lower right corner of the CRT. InpUt HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference The input sectionconsistsof connectorsfor sipal input. Channelinputs1 and 2 select1 MQ or 50 Q input inpedancesand eachis shuntedby approximately7 pF at the input BNC with a maxim'm input voltageof 250V ( > 50 mV/div range). SeeAppendixB, "GeneralInformation"for specificationson the input channels. Front-PanelOveruiew 3-9 TimebaseMenu introduction to the Ti『 nebase TIMEBASE This chapterspa[einsa description of the TIMEBASE menuand how the entire horizontal displayand parametersare controlled with this menu. TIMEDASE TIME D:V oaroy reference 睦負 市¨ t 国 t a faa anca cttl ccnt..l .i0ht ■ off■ on │ ! rGbosc rcactitivr rcoltirc poa i t ion 54502W22 Figure41. TimebaseMenu Time/Div Key The time/division function controls the time scale on the horizontal axis from 1 ns/div to 5 sec/div. The main timebase is incremented and decremented n a L-2-5 sequence. The FINE key does not affect the timebase settings while the acquisition is lrrnning. This key affects the sample rate at which the scope aquires data. The sample rate for the selected time/div setting is displayed below the time/div freld. In the realtime mode and with the acquisition stopped, this key also controls the zoom feature (see repetitive/realtime key in this chapter). HP 54510A Front‐Pane:Reference Timebase 4 卜1 Acquisitions are not displayeduntil all data is arailable (sinilar to normal acquisitons)to display. As data is being sanpld the advisory n s to initistized is displayedwhile pre-trigger data is.collectedand n s to completeis displayedwhile post-trigger data is collected. This message indicatesthe time neededto completeacquisitionwhere n is the lsneining time (in seconds,s) and continuesto countdoumuntil the time haselapsed. The advisorymnning is displayedasthe write cycleto the screenii executedand displayeddata is updated. The total tir"e acquired and the samplerate are dependenton the timebases,stting.Listed below are the total acquisitiontimesand the samplerate for eachtimebassssltingin real ti-e mode. TIIMEBASE ns■ … SAMPLE RA‐ time 1 500 MSals 10 us/d市 16 uscc 32 uscc 80 uscc 160uscc 3Z) uscc 8{X)uscc 1.6mscc 2Cl us/d市 3]@ 25 MSa/s 50“ /d市 8 rtracc 16 nscc 32 mscc 80 mscc 160mscc 320msec 800mscc 1.6scc 3.2scc 8 scc 16scc 32 scc 80 scc 160scc 320scc 800sec lCXl ns/d市 200 ns/d市 500 ns/d市 l us/d市 2熱 も市 5 us/d市 100 us/d市 2Ю uS/d市 500 us/div lm/d市 2 ms/d市 , 5 ms/div 103/d市 20 ms/d市 50 ms/d市 1∞ ms/d市 200111s/div SCЮ ms/d市 ls/d市 2s/d市 5s/d市 Timebase 4‐2 此 TIME Tσ r′ A∞ UIRED 250 MSa/s lCXI MSals 50 Mb/s 25 MSa/s 10 MSa/s 5 MSa/s l MSa/s 500 kSa/s 250 kSa/s 100懸h/s 50 kSa/s 25 kSa/s 10 kSa/s S kSa/s 25 kSa/s l k Sa/s 500 Sa/s 250 Sa/s l∞ Sa/s 50 Sa/s 25 Saお 10 Sa/S HP 54510A Front‐Panel Reference delayKey Selectingielay assignsdelayastle activefunction. When delayis set to 0 the trigger eventoccursat the delayreferencepoint. Positivedelay indicatestime after trigger and negativedelayindicatestime before trigger. Tberefore, a delay settingof -50 ns indicatesthat the trigger event occurs50 ns after the delayreferencepoint. In the real-time mode and with the acquisiitonstopped,delaycontrols the pan feature (seethe pan and zoom exercisein this chapter.) refer.encc= trigger event * delay referenceKey The rcferencekey changesthe delayreferencepoint to one ofthree referencepoints: o o o left cntr (center) right If delayis setto 0, the referencepoint consistsof pre-triggerdatato the left and post-triggerdatato the right. NOTE Thetimefrom triger changeswith the delayseningand is displqed at the bottomof the waveformareoat the left, center, and ight of the display. HP 54510A Front-Panel Relerence Timebase +3 repetitive/ realtimeKey The bottom function key selectsone of the trnoacquisitionmodesusedby the HP 54510A: o o repetitiveacquisition realtine acquisition SeeChapter7, "DisplayMenu" for more on acquisitionmodes. repetitive mode The repetitivemodesetsthe HP 54510Ato acquiredatain the repetitive acquisitionmode (seeFeelingComfonablelilith DtgttizmgOscilloscopes). la this 66d6, the oscilloscopesamplesdata continuouslyand builds up a repetitivewaveformafter manydata points havebeen attained;this mode is usefulwhenviewinga continuouswaveform. In the repetitivemode: realtime mode o The HP 54510Adisplaysdatacollectedfrom multiple acquisitions from eitheror both channelinputs. ' adisprav :,?"fiHT tr"';;;;:::t::A;:*" il:"#ilr*:'3fi o Data from eachacquisitioncanbe displayedfor a definableperiod of time (persistence). . Waveformrecordsare establishedat 501datapointson all time/divisionssrings. Whenin realtimemodethe HP 54510Adisplaysdatacollectedduring successive 5ingls-5[e1acquisitionsfrom eitheror both input channels. The HP 54510Acanmakea single-shotcapturesimultaneously on both channels. Two simultaneous, non-recurring,or verylow repetitionrate eventscanbe capturedat the sametime. Timebase +4 HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference Someor all of the 8k waveformbuffer memories(eachchannelhasits om 8k buffer) canbe displayed. The displayedsigal is completelyupdated aseachacqnisitionis made. The following graphicsare shownat the top of the displayarea and in figure 4-2: memorybar - representsthe displayedportion of the waveformrecord memorybar displayline - representsthe entire 8k waveformrecord 'I - indicatesthe trigger point's location within the 8k waveform record. MEMORY BAR DISPLAY LINE SHOWS WAVEFORM RECORD T SHOWS TRICC[R MEMORY BAR SHOWS PORT10N OF WAVEFORM RECORD THAT IS BEING DISPLAYED MemoryBar Exercise the real time acquisitionmodememorybar This exercisedemonstrates and the abilityto displaysignalsthat occurbeforeand after the trigger eventof the displayedsignal.The memorybar showsthe portion of the waveformrecordthat is beingdisplayed. o HP 54510A Front‐ Pane:Reference Connectthe HP 545104rear-panelAC CALIBRATOR signalto channel1 with a coaxialcable. Tirnebase ■5 Disconnectanyother signalsthat maybe connectedto otler inputs. PressAUTOSCALE and then stop the acquisitionwith the RUN/STOP lcey. Selectdelayin the TIMEBASE menu. Use the entry devicesto vary the delay. The memorybar at the top of the displaymoveswith the delay referencesfuanges.The memorybar is shoⅧ ln flgures 3,4-4,and 4‐ 5. 4‐ ■ 3tOppeC … 鵠 left E -5 00000 ● 3 0 00000 S rlght 5 00000 ● s 43. MemoryBar at Centerof Acquisition Three different portions of the waveforrncanbe viewedwhile the acquisitionis runningasshownin figures+2, +3, and44. Either left, ceoter,or right canbe selectedwith the delayreferencekeyin the TIMEBASEmenu. When the acquisitionis stopped,the the displaycanbe placedat any portion of the waveformrecordby changrngthe delayvaluein the TIMEBASE menu. The delayvaluemovesthe 8k acquisitiondisplayrelativeto the trigger point. Timebase 4‐6 HP 54510A Front… Panei Reference rattranca lo「 tcntr m ・ ―:00∞ 0● 3 -5000∞ ●3 45. MemoryBar at Rightof Acquisition As the delayvalueis changed,the'P movesto the right or to the left alongthe memorybar dependingon a positiveor negativedelayvalue. Negativedelayvaluesshowpre-trigger eventsand positive delayvalues showpost-triggereventsin the acquisitiondisplay. 1由 er司 ビ器 … ….:‥ …… ■ 二…… │ │ !0 0000 ● s 44. MernoryBarat Left of Acquisition HP 54510A Front‐Panel Reference Tirnebase 4‐7 Single-shot Exercise This exerciseshowsthe single-shotcapabilitiesof the HP 54510A. $ingile-shot,in repetitive displaymode,is usedto build a waveformwhile displayingthe l gigasample/second r4e. gingle-shot,in real-timemode,is usedto compareinterpolated with non-interpolateddata. The 1 gigasample/second digitizing rate of the HP 54510Aallowscapture ofvery fast non-recurring events,suchas a microprocessorstart-up sequence.Error causingglitchesthat disrupt systemperformancecanbe capturedfor analysis. Single-shotin Single-shotis usedto build a waveformwhile displayingthe L RepetitiveMode gigasample/second sampleand digitize rate. r Connectthe HP 54510Arear-panelAC CALIBRATOR sipal to sfiannsll with a coaxialcable. Disconnectanyother signalsthat nay be connectedto otherinputs. PTessAUTOSCALE. In the TIMBASE menu,changetimebaseto l0 ns. Setthe acquisitionmodeto repetitive. Pressthe STOP/RUN keyto stopacquisition. PressCLEAR to clear the display. Pressthe SINGLE and CLEAR keysalternatelyto displayand erase single-shotdata. Pressthe SINGLE keyrepeatedly.The waveformfills in with each single-shotadditionto the waveform,asin frgure4-6. Timebase +8 HP 545104 Front-Panel Belerence 一 -50.OOO n3 .nrg I 46. Single-shotWaveform Built-up in RepetitiveMode When averagingis off: r o datapointson the displayarenot gfuengedbynewdatawhen the SINGLE keyis pressed. datastayson screenuntil the instrurrentsetupis modifiedor CLEAR is pressed. When averagingis on: o o dataon screenis averagedwith newdataeachtime SINGLE is pressed. it is assumedenoughdatapointshavebeenacquiredto satisfythe nu-ber of averages setin the DISPLAY menu. To viewthe L gigasample/second digitizingrate: o PressCLEAR. o PressSINGLE. The displayshowsa seriesof points1 ns apart asin frgurezt-7.This 1 ns separationis definedby the l gigasample/second digitizingrate. ヽ HP 54510A Front‐Panel Reterence Timebase 4‐9 一 │ : … │ 。●V I I■ ■ 10。 4Lz′ Gい : ・6 ′ 1lV 切 IcISCC“′1)lg"taル lgRarθ shot h the repetttacquisition mOdc To observe the limitations of single― o Sclcctthe TIMEBASE menu and set timebaseto l ns. ● Press CLEAR and then SINGLE.Ten data points from the input slgnd arc displayed as m flFe 4-8. わ ●1 0 p p e d dalcg Irft E 48. Timebase /l.10 rrrhl Ten-point ll/avefonn in Repetitive Mode HP 54510A Front-PanelReference Sing:e‐shotln Rea: Time Mode In the real time acquisitionnodg the data is interpolated at faster timebasesettingsfor a more usefirldisptay. To observethe difference betweennon-interpolatedand interpolated data: o Selectrealtime in the DISPI"AYmenu. Pressthe CLEAR key. Pressthe SINGLE key. The waveformis displayedasin figure,$-9. b ,lopp.d ?:iE!ASE 鵠 l 一H‐……+■“ コ +9. Ten-pointWaveformin Real TimeMode In the real time acquisitionmode,the HP 5451.0A usesa digitd ,overga:uplbg;-filterto provide a more continuouswaveformdisplay. It /automaticallyoperateswhenthereare lessthan501pointson the display. I 4tw 74rrC HP 54510A Pane:Reference Front‐ Timebase +11 Pan and Zoom Pan and zoomfeaturesare availablein the real time acquisitionmode and operableonly when the acquisitionis stopped. Applications that require preciseevaluationof low repetition rate signals,suchasradar and transponderpulsetreins, are simplified by zoomingand pan"ing on single-shotdata. Zooming either expandsor compressesthe acquiredwaveformon the horizontal axisof the display. It is controlled by the timebasetime/div control for expansiogmagnification,or sompressionof a singls-5he1 waveformin the real time acquisitionmode. Decreasing tims/div expandsthe waveformand is referred to asnzoomingin". lncreasing time/div compressesthe waveformand is referred to asn2s6mingout". Panningis movingthe acquired waveformhorizontally on the display. It is controlledby the timebasedelaycontrol. Increasingthe delaymoves the waveformto the left and increasi'g the delaymovesthe waveformto the right. Pan and Zoom Exercise Thiq exerciseshows how the timebase is used to zoom in on and zoom out ef 3 singls-5fuotwaveform. The delay timebase is then used to pan the waveform horizontally on the display. Usinga coaxialcable,connectthe rear-panelAC CALIBRATOR signalof the HP 545104to channel1. PressAUTOSCALE. The rear-panelsignalis displayedon screenas in frgure4-10. Timebase +12 HP 545104 Froril-Panel Relerence + slopped 1 200 oV′`iv Off30t:-4:2.5 ● V :.000:: dc -5 00000 ● s 0,00000 s i.00 ●s′1lv 5.00000 ● s 1 」 -204.5 oV 4 10.Rear-PanelSignalAutoscaled Zooming In TIMEBASE menu, select rcaltimeacquisitionmode. PressRUN/STOPkeyto stopthe acquisition. PressCLEAR keyto clearthe screen. Pressthe SINGLE keyto acquireone dataacquisition. Selecttime/divisionin the TIMEBASE menu. Rotatethe front-panelknob. Increasingtime/divdisplaysmore of the acquiredwaveformon the screen.Decreasingtime/div zoomsin on the acquiredwaveform. Settimebaseto 20 ms/div. The entireacquiredwaveformis displayed asin figure 477. The memorybar alsoshowsthat the entirememory is on the screen. HP 54510A Front‐Panel Reference Timebase +13 4r h.rdcopu ln trogrlrr l.00 ●6′│:" 鵠 rer●r●nc● 1∞ ∞003 20.0● 6′diV 411. Zoorning Out of theAcquisition Set timebaseto 20 us/div to zoom in on the acquisitionasin figure 4-12. ケ … 饉 .出 er司 :∞ 000 ● 3 412. Zoomingln on theAcquisition The HP 545104 usesa digital oversampling filter to hll in the waveform for a more usable display at this sampling rate. The memory bar indicates the portion of the acquisition that is displayed. Timebase +14 HP 54510A F『ont‐Panel Reference Panningmovesthe acquisitionleft and nght for analyzationof waveforms. o Selectdelayin theTIMEBASEmenu o Use the front-panel knob to increaseand decreasedelay. As delayis increased the acquisiitonpansto the left becausethe window is pastthe trigger point, asin frgure41i1. 50.O u● ′│:v 4 ′ユ R α″: 4′g ゎ Й` ιψ HP 54510A Front‐Panei Reference Timebase 4‐ 15 When the delayis deseased the waveformpensto the right asin figure zl-14.The databefore the trigger point is being displayed. 4p nardcoPg In pro9rE36 - l oo-/6rrJ iL i_ !.i!s _) i i │ :+t : 1 趣 '----'ieFro..l i : Hetter司 --_------ 4 f 4 2 α “″′ t g め働` R 妙 ′ T h c m c m o r y b a r m O v e s t o t hocr lrei■ ght as the acquisition is panned. Panning and z00mmg can bc uscd concurrcntlyto cxammc the acqlllCition. Zoom out of the acquisitionby increasingthe timebase. Selectdelayand usethe knob to centerthe acquisitionareaof interest. o Timebase It-l6 Znom back in on the waveform of interest. HP 54510A F『ont‐Panel Reference ChannelMenu Introductionto Channels 5 The channelmenu is a two-levelmenu and controlsthe vertical operation of the HP 54510A. This chapter decribesthe useof the nvo input channels,losluding vertical sensitivity,offset, coupling,attenuationand presetlevels. CHANI€L I,z,EXI Figure5.1. HP 5451MChannelMenu HP 54510A Front-Panel Relerence ChannelMenu 5-1 CHANNELKey The top key in the channelmenu is for channelselection. This key togglesbetweenchannelsL, \ andetrernal. When a channelis selected (highlightgd in inversevideo) it can then be turned on. When a channelis turned on the small circle imnediatelv below the channelnumberis highlighrcd. Note h ispossibleto havea channeltumed on and viewwhilebeingin the verticalcontrolmenuof anotherchannel. lVhenmaking changes,enEure you havetheproper channelandfunction selectedandyou arechangingthe channelyou intendto change. Vertlca: SensitivityKey The vertical sensitivitykey is the third key from the top in the channel menu. The field itself is not labeled,holever, the current volts/divisionis displayedwith the units of the current selection. When this function is selected,either ofthe entry devicescanbe usedfor dataentry. The rangeof the vertical sensitivityfor the HP 54510Aisfrom 1 mV/division to 5 V/division. Vertical sensitivitychangesin a L-2-5 sequencewith the knob. When the front-panelFINE keyis selected,fully calibratedvernier adjustmentscan alsobe madeusingdirect keypadentry or the knob. offset Key When offset is selected,the trace can be moved up or down with the knob or the keypad. Offset moves the voltage level at mid-screen. Offset moves the displayed signal up or down, similar to the vertical position adjustment on an analog oscilloscope. However, becausethis oscilloscope has a true dc offset at the front end, it provides a much wider offset range. The offset voltage (referenced to the vertical midpoint of the ChannelMenu *2 HP 545tOA Front-Panel Reference waveformdisplay)is shovmat the right of the waveformdisplaywhenthe SHOW keyis pressed. CouplingKey The couplingkey hasseveralselectionvariables: odc o dcBWlim oaC . r acBWlim acLFreject When dc is selected,1 MQ and 50Qdc input inpedancesare availableas choicesfor input impedance. Bandwidth limit is switchablewith the different combinationsof the coupling function. Bandwidth limit reducesthe effectivedc bandwidthto about 30 MHz. Ac coupling providesx high-passfilter that rejects frequenciesbelow about X) H;z.The LF reject providess high-passfilter rejectingfrequenciesbelowabout 4frH2. Bandwidthlirnils xad LF reject filters reducethe noisein the vertical path and the trigger path. Input lmpedance HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference Input impedanceis 1 MSI for ac couplingand selectable1 MQ or 50 Q dc when dc coupling is selectedin the couplingfunction. ChannelMenu $3 The more keytogglesbeh*'eenthe two levelsof the channelmenu. probe key The probekey selectsprobeattenuationwith a rangeof 1000:1to .9000:L. Attenuation is adjustedby either knob or entry keypad. When the knob is in coarsemode,adjustments are incrementedor decrementedin the 1-2-5 sequence.When in fine modeadjustmentsare in 0.1increments. Probe attenuationaffectsscalingfactorsfor the display,not sensitivityat the input. Probeattenuationis calibratedin the Utility menu. SeeChapterL2, "Utility Menu",for informationon probe calibraation. Attenuationfactorsare savedwith the front panelsetup. Channei Menu 5‐4 HP 54510A Front‐Pane:Reference EGLKey The ECL key setsthe oscilloscopcto levelsoptimizedfor ECL circuia: . o o o o . V/Diu 200mV/div(400mV/divif # of screensis2) offsec -1.3 V coupling: dc Trigger levet -13 V Triggerslopcnochange RECALL 0 returns the.menuto the previoussettings. TTL Key The TTL key setsthe oscilloscopeto levelsoptimized for TTL circuits: o o o o o V/Diu 1 V/div (2Y ldivtf # of screensis 2) offseh25V coupling:dc Tt'tggerlevet 1.4V Triggerslope:nochange To return to the previoussetti4gspressRECALL 0. HP 545r0A Front-PanelRelerence ChannelMenu $5 TriggerMenu 6 range■ om simple 岬価“ the THggers 雛路路軋此詣寵 踏 」t i p l e 鋤 山 . This chapter cOntalns descriptions ofthe tFigeFing mOdesp and "lanadOns on hov7to use themP and exercises detailing sOme real鵬 叩pEcations.The HP 54510A h8 Flvetriggett modes: ● Edge ● Patten ● State e Delay O Tfiggef MOde lntgfaCtiOn TV The triggerlevel(threshold)for eachchannelis set in the edgetrigger menuand is independentfor eachcftennsl.It is carriedover to all other modes,exceptthe TV trigger mode. Theselevelsare important settings becausefts high and low levelsin the pattern, state,and delaymodesare defined asbeinggreater than or lessthan the trigger level. The level for TV trigger mode is a specialcaseand is set in the TV trigger menu. HP 54510A Front‐Pane:Reference Trigger Menu G 卜1 EdgeTrigger The edgetrigger mode hasthe following selections: Mode r o r o o o Trigid/auto Trigger sour@ Triggerleveladjust Slope Noise reject Holdoff trig'd/outo source 1,2,EXT noise reject Figure61. EdgeTiger Menu TriggerMenu a2 HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference trlgU/auto Key The trig'd/auto selectiontoggl€sbetcrcenthe two triggcr modcs. The cturent selectionis displayedin inversevidco. This field is arnilable in all trigger menus. In the trig'd mode,the oscilloscopedoesnot display data until all of the trigger requirementsare satisfied. While waiting for the trigger requirements,the messagean'aitingnigr is displayed. In the auto mode, if a trigger is not found" a trigger is generatedand acquired data is displayed. A statusmessageis displayedin the upper left corner of the scroen. source Key level Key The sourte key selectsthe trigger souroe. The options are channels1 or 2, or externaluiger. The current selectionis highlightsd in inversevideo. The level key setsthe trigger level. The rangeon this function is + 12 divisionsfrom center. It providesflexibility for seningexacttriggering points and specifieslevelsusedin the more sophisticatedtriggering modes.The center can alsobe selectedwith centered. slope Key This field is not labeled,however,the availableselections are graphic representationsof the rising edgeand falling edge The current selection i5 highlighrcdin inversevideo. noise reiect Key Turn noisereject on for triggering on noisy.signalswithout the problem of falsetriggering. holdoff Key Pressingthe holdoff key assignsthe entrydevicesto controlholdoff. Holdoffdisables the trigger circuit for a selectabletime period or number of eventsafter the triggerevent. Holdoffis selectedin 20 ns time increments,from 40 ns to 320 ms or in number of eventsfrom 2 to 15000000. Time and event are toggledwith the knob. Eventsare numberof patterns(patrn), state(state),or edgeand w (edge). HP 545104 Front-Panel Reference TriggerMenu s3 EdgeTrigger tWith HOldOffl Exercise This exercisesetsup the oscilloscopeand a signalgeneratorto view some of the featuresof the edgetriger. Holdoff is usedto gain a stabletrigger. This techniqueis not necessaryfor most applicationsand waveformg however,for manynon-recurring and irregular waveformsit is useful. lnstrumentSetup Follow the instructionsfor seuiqgup the sig[al generator. The signalfor this exerciseis a burst pattern with two positivecyclesthat repeatsevery 5ps. Use an HP 8116APulse/FunctionGeneratorwith the burst option or a signalgeneratorcapableof the samesiglal. Make the following setting: o o o o o o o o Trigger Menu ●4 MODE: I.BUR RPT: 5.00ps BUR:2 FRQ: lMHz D"f\[: fiVo AMP: 1V OFS: -200mV Set the sigpalfor a squarewave. HP 54510A Front‐Panel Reference Oscllloscope Setup Connectthe the signd generatorto the chrnncl l input and disconnectall other inputs. o PressATITOSCALE (seeFigure 62). tp runnIn9 1 500 mV/div offset:-375 0 mV 1 000: l dc 0 1 00 us/div rco I i. imc -ss.o-v 1f s45o4ro3 FigureG2, Two-Bunt wareform ofterAutoscale o Selectthe TIMEBASE MENU. o Set the sweepspeedto 5fi) ns/div. o Set acquisitionmodeto rtpetitive. The HP 545104setsup the displaypar'.meters.It is now attempringto trigger on the first rising edgeof the rwo cycleburst. o Enter the TRIGGERMENU and pressthe slopekey. The oscilloscopeis now attemptingto trigger on the first falling edgeof the two-cycleburst. Pressthe slopekey egainto triggeron the positive edge. HP 54510A Front‐Panel Reference Trigger Menu ←5 Nde Tte signatgenerunris setfor two 500ns pulses.Thedisployon the oscillosape qpe&t to harrethreeprulses.This is on unstobleuiger condition. Thefolla+ing stqs qlain this condition ondhow to overconeiL fip stoppld ` 3 7 w a ‐b “が 動 膨 Determiningholdofitime. Changethe time/divsettingto2 psldiv. PressRUN/STOP (STOP),CLEAR DISPLAY, and SINGLE. This showsthe period of the waveform. Sincethe oscilloscopeis recogpizingnvo valid trigger events(edges,in this case)of the burst, 1[s fusld6fftime needsto be setsuchthat it ignoresthe secondpulse in the burst. Using A t markers, the secondedgecanbe found to be about1ps from the fust edge.(SeeChapter8, "Deltat/Delta V Menu.") Pressthe holdoff key. Setholdoff to 1.04fi)0ps,with keypador knob. TriggerMenu s6 HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference hp runn ing -?. rePet I t i ve Figure64. Two-BuntPulsewlStableTiger The input signalto the oscilloscopehastwo 500ns pulses. On the lirst risrng edgea trigger occursand activatesthe holdofftimer. When the holdofftine (1.0a000ps)haselapsed,the oscilloscope lools for another trigger. The oscilloscopetriggerson the frst rising edgeof the second burst. Each tiger eventoccurson a different pulse,and is consequently al unstablecondition. By adjustingholdoffto wait until the risingedgeof the secondpulse passes,the oscilloscopetriggersonly on the fust rising edgeand the signal is stable. In this casethe trigger is stablewith approximately t.Mps holdoff. HP 54510A Front-PanelRelerence TriggerMenu 67 Pattern Trigger Mode The pattern mode definesa lbit pattern for the oscilloscopeto recqgnize and generatea trigger event. When the inputs satisfythe trigger pattcrn and conditions,the HP 54510Atriggersand displaysthe desiredportion of tle waveform. The pattern modeis rary useful for glitch detectionbecausethe HP 545104triggerson a glitch and displaysthe resultingwaveform. lr i9'd,/oulo pr esent> holdoff time 40ns-320ms events 2-16 000.000 Fignre65. PanemTiger Menu pattern Key Trigger Menu e8 This is an unlabelledfield. The displaydepictsthe 3-bit pattern. The activefield is displayedin full-brightand is changedwith the knob. The functionkeycha'gesthe bit selectionof threelevels: HP 54510A F『ont‐Panel Reference panern Key Thisis anrmlabelled field" Thedisplaydepicts theSbit pattern The activefield is displayedin fu[-bright -6 is changed with theknob.Tbe functionkeychanges thebit selectionof threelcvels: 1 o o ll _ high L-low X-don'tcare The criteria fsl high is highgl than 1f,9current trigger level and low is lower then the current trigger level. The 3-bit pattern representsthe two channelinputs and the e$ernal trigger. The left-most bit correspondsto channel? andthe right-mostbit correspondsto the erernal trigger chqnnsl. For exanple, if the pattern is LXH, the voltageon channell must be lower than the trigger level set for channel1, channel 2 is don,t care so 1[s input level is disregarded and the externaltrigger input mustbe highsl than the triger level set for externaltrigger. If theseconditions are satisfiedby the inputs, then the oscilloscopegeneratesa trigger event. Note llhen any channelis not beingusedin the qualifierpanem"it shouldbesetas don't care. Thetriger levelis still comparedto the no input channeland a higlt or low is determined.Theonly truedon't careis X. If the patternXXX is selected,a triggereventdoesnot occurbecausea triggereventis not defined. when Key This keycontrolsfive setsof conditionsthat mustbe satisfiedto generate 2 6igger event.Theseconditionsare asfollows: o HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference when entered: a trigger is generated on the hrst transition that makes a pattern true. The pattsrn must be false and go true to generate the trigger. Trigger Menu &9 when exite& a trigger is generatedon the first transition that makes the pattera false. The pattern mustbe true and go falseto generatea trigger. r&en prcsent > : a trigger is generatedwhen a trigger pattern is true longer than a specifigdminirnurntine period. This time period is specifiedin the next selectionkey that is activatedwhen present > is selected. The present > time rangesfrom 20 ns to 160ms rvhenprcsent ( : a trigger is generatedwhena trigger pattern is true lessthan a specifiedmaximu'ntime period. This time period is specifiedin the ne:dselectionkey that is activatedwhenprrsent < is selected. The prcsent ( tims rangesfrom 20 ns to 160ms. . holdoff Key PatternTrigger Exercise range:this trigger condition is a combinationof prcsent < and present >. A trigger is generatedwhen a trigger pattern is true for longer than a specifisdrninirnumand shorter than a specified maximumtirne period. Thesetime periods are specifiedin the next two selectionkeysthat are activatedwhenrange is selected. The frst range time settingmust be lessthan the second1""ge time setting. The holdoffkey assignsthe entry devicesto controlholdoff. Holdoff disablesthe trigger circuit for a selectabletime period or number of eventsafter the triggerevent. Holdoff is selectedin time urits, from 40 ns to 320 ms and is incrementedin 20 ns intervalsor by number of patrn (patterns)from 2 to 16000000. This exercisedemonstrates how to definethe 3-bit patternand how it affectsthe trigger and the resulting display. Note Setthe triger levelfor eachtriger sourcewhilein the edgemode. Thesetiger levelsmust besetbeforeyou go to thepattem mode, or propertigeing may nol occur. TriggerMenu sl0 HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference lffitrumenl Setup To perform the following crerciseusethe HP 8116APulse/Frmction Generator,or another frmction generatorcapableof produciagthe sane 1 MHz, 1volt" squareq,aYssigrral. Set up the HP 8116APulse/FunctionGenerator: o o o o o o Mode: NORM FRQ:l.fi)MHz DTY = frVo AMP: 1.ffiV OFS = -200mV Set the generatorfor a squarerravs signal Connectthe sipal to a BNC tee on channel1 usinga l-meter coaxial cable. Connectanother l-meter cablefrom the other side of the BNC tee and terminatein 50 Q to channel2. Oscilloscope Setup The extracablelengthbetweensfuennels 1 and 2 providesa ime delay displayed on betweenthe signals the oscilloscope.The propagationof a l-meter coaxialcable is approximately6to 7 ns. This time delayis used to demonstratethe HP 545104triggering capability. o PTessAUTOSCALE. Setup the HP 54510Aasfollows: o o HPs4510A Front-PanelReference Timebase = 1.0.00ns/div delaY: 9.69t reference: cntr acquisitionmode = repetitive Channel1 Vertical sensitivity : 400mV/div offset = -200.00mV dc coupling = 1MC) inputimpedence TriggerMenu &11 o o o Chanael2 Vertical sensitivity - 400mV/div offset = -200.00mV dc coupling input impedence= 50 f,l Display minimsn persistence 2 screens axes Trigger Channel1 level = - 2(X)mV Channel2level = -2(X)mV Setthe trigger mode to pattern. Set the pattera to HLX asfollorrys: o o o o o Pressthe function key until the first characteris highlights{. Turn the knob until the highlightedareais H. Selectthe next characterin the pattern. Continueuntil all charactersare selectedin the HLX pattern. Pressthe rvten kev until enteredis selected. ip runn I n9 ime日 4 ∝0 0 0 n s l Figure 66. HII TriggerMenu 6.12 when enteredPattem HP 54510A Front‐Panel Reference Channel1 is displayedin the top screen. To satis$ the conditionsof the bit paftern, channel1 mustbe high (highq than the channell trigger level) or greater rhan -2(X)mV. When the sifal on channell goeshighgl than -200mV and c.hannel2isstill low (lessthan -200mD the pattern conditionshavebeen satisfiedas the signalis enteringthe trigger conditions and the I{P 54510Atriggers. o Pressthe nten key and changethe condition to nten exited. The oscilloscopetriggerson the first transition that makesthe bit pattern false,in t\is casewhen channel2 goeshigh. hp running rcpetrtive Figure 67. HI){ when sited Paaem o HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference Change the bit pattern to HHX and select the entercd condition. TriggerMenu &13 To satisfythis bit condition both channelsmustbe high The oscilloscope doesnot trigger until channel2 goeshigh vf,ils channelI is high. ,rp running Figure 69. HIIX when enteredPattem o Change the trigger condition to when exited. \l,ftils s[annel2 is still hieh" when channel 1 goes low the bit pattern is no longer true and the HP 54510A triggers. np rqnnrng TriggerMenu &14 HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference StateTrigger Mode STATE TRICC[R trig'd ed9e The statetrigger mode is similar to the pattern trigger mode exceptthat one channelis selectedasa clock edgeand the other two triggcr sourocs define a pattern. When the pattern becomestrue the IIP 54510Atrigers on the nei clock edgeif the pattern meetssetupand hold criteria. @ pottern STATE TRICCER stoteldeloy tV c rocK trig'dlouto clock l.2.EXT 口 iS not present islis not 54502W18 Figwe 610. StateTriger Menu The trig'd/auto and trigger mode function keysremain displayedin all triggermodes. clock Key Selectanychannelto be usedasthe stateclock. Selectthe channelby pressingthe functionkeyuntil the desiredchannelis highlighted.The clockselectionis reflectedin the nextfield with an arrow,pointingeither up for a positiveslopeor downfor a negativeslope. whenKey The whenkeydepictsthe desiredpattern. The displayedpatternshows the arrow at the selectedclockchannel.The other two triggersources delinethe logic patternthat mustbe satisfiedto generatea triggerevent usingthe H, L, X conventiondescribedin the pattern triggermode sectionof this chapter. HP 54510A F『ont‐Panel Reference TriggerMenu 415 To c,hangethe pattern: Pressthe function key until the bit to be changedis highlighted. Rotate the knob until the desired settingis highlighlsd. Selectthe arrow to chaagethe trigger slope,if necessary,and turn the knob until the desiredsettingsappear. present Key A Figger eventis generatedon the selectededgewhen the pattern is true and is prcsent is selected or a trigger occurswhen the pattern is falseand not prcsentis selected. holdoff Key The holdolf key assignsthe entry devicesto control holdoff. Holdoff disablesthe trigger circuit for a selectabletime period after the trigger event. Holdoffis selectedin 20 nstime increments,from 40 ns to 320ms, or for events(count of states)2 to 16 m0 m0. Time and eventare toggled with the knob. StateTrigger Exercise This exercisedemonstrateshow an input pattern is usedto quali$ a clock edgeasa trigger. Statetriggering extendsthe logic triggering capabilityof the HP 54510A by selectingoneof the inputsasa clock and usingthe otherinputsas qualifiers. This is usefulwhenit is necessary to slmchronizethe displaywitha system clock to detecta systemstate. For example,considera synchronous memorybus. The statetriggermodeenablesonly thoseeventsthat occur whenreadingfrom a block of memoryto be capturedand displayed. InstrumentSetup To perform the followingexerciseusean HP 8116APulse/Signal generatoror anothersignalgeneratorcapableof the sameL MHz" 1 volt squarewave. TriggerMenu G16 HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference Set up the HP 81164 asfollows: o o o o o r Mode = NORM FRQ = l.fi)MHz DTY = 50Vo AMP = 1.00V OFS = -2(X)mV Set the generatorfor a squareuays signal Connectthe signalto a BNC tee on channell usinga l-meter coaxial cable. Connectanother l-meter cable from the other side of the BNC tee to channel2. Oscilfoscope Setup The extra cablelength betweengfuanngl5 L and2providesa rirne dsl6y betweenthe signalsdisplayedon the oscilloscope.The propagationof a l-meter coadal cableis approxinately 6 to7 ns. This tine delay demonstratesthe HP 54510Atriggering capability. o PTessAUTOSCALE. Setup the HP 54510Aasfollows: Timebase : 10.fi) ns/drv delaY: 6.69t reference= gntr acquisitionmode = repetitive ChnnnelL turned on Vertical sensitivity : 400mV/div offset = -200V dc coupling inputimpedence= LMQ Channel2 turnedon Vertical sensitivity= 400mV/div offset = -200mV dc couPling input impedence= 50Q HP 54510A Front-PanelReference TriggerMenu &17 ● Display nininum persistence 2 screens Trigger Channelllevel = -2(X)mV Channel2level = -2(X)mV Set the trigger mode to state Set the pattern to tL X as follows: 1. Pressthe function key uatil the first bit is highlighted. 2. Turn the knob until the highlightsd areais t 3. Selectthe next bit in the pattern and selectL. 4. Continue until all bits are selectedin the lLX pattern. Pressthe rvten key until is presentis selected(seeFigure G11). hp runni ng 0 00000 s 10 0 ns/div Figure611. ChannelI ClockI-X Snte TriggerMenu F18 HP 54510A F『ont‐Pane:Reference Channel1 is displayedin the top screcn To satisfythe conditions of the bit pattern, channel2 nust bc lon, (lorcr than the cbannel2 triggcr level) or lessthan -200mV. When thc signalon channell gocshiglcr tha. -200mV and channel2 is still lon' (lessthan -2m nV) the pattern conditionshavebecn satisfie4 the HP 54510Atriggen. o Changethe bit pattern to t IJ( and selectthe is not present condition. To satisfythis bit condition the clock chqnnelnust go lowwhile channel2 is high. The oscilloscopetriggers on the faling edgeof channel1 when the L on channel2 is not pressnt,le. channel2 is high. hp runn i ng Figure612. Chamel I Clockl)( State HP 54510A F『ont‐Panel Reference T『igger Menu 6・19 De:ay Trigger Mode The delaytrigger mode qualifieson a signaledge,pattern, or state,delay for a period of time (or occurrenceof edges),and then triggerson a selectededgefron any source. DELAY TR trie'O edge @ pottern stoteldeloyltv This trigger mode is versatileand acco--odates most complexaiggering . siruations.It hasthe flexibility to selectdifferent trigger sources,delay fimes,delaycountsand then displayvariouspoints of the waveform. pottern 日 2 EXT ‐ ‐ o "r o v @ l o r 10n∫ 。f l 54502W13 qua::fy on Key The qualitton kCyselccts which mode to qualitthc trnggerbefore a delay is derlncd. The quali$ options are: o . qualify on edge Trigger Menu 020 edge pattern state Select the edge qualifier and the next two function keys defines the parameters. The next key is an unlabelled field that selectsthe channel to be the source. The second key below the edge selection is the slope selection. HP 54510A F『ont¨Panei Reference quallfy on plttem Whenthepatterntriggproptionis selectd theneft functionkcydefnes thequalifierpattern.Defininga pa$ernis thesameasin thepa$ern triggermodc. Highlight the bit to be changedbypressingthe function key. Changethe bit by rotating the knob. After selectingthrough all four bits, the activefield is changedto the condition field. This field to setsconditions asin the PatternTrigger mode: o r whenentered when exited :H:t"ffii$t*ine1l ffisss s,sttings activate the next field as appropriate, so the specific time par:afreters can be set. quality on state If the state trigger option is selected the ner two firnction kep define the state conditions. As in the statetrigger mode,selectthe channelto define the stateclock. This selectionis reflected in the pattern with an arrow and the slopeis depicted with the arrowheadpointing up or down. Use the function key to movethe highlightedbit to changethe pattern. When the pattern is set, the is/not prcsent settingcan be changedby movingths highlighl 1s1[e is/not prcsent field label and pressingthe function key again. When the label is highlighted,togglethe settingbetweenis/not prcsentwith the knob. HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference TriggerMenu e21 d●by Key This ficld selectsbetweentwo delayoptions. To changebcnreen thc dme and count options rotate the knob until the desiredoption is displayedin tle inversevideo field. delaytime disablesthe trigger circuit for a seleetedperiod of tine, from 30 ns to 160ms after the triger hasbeenqualified Note Time dclayis not availablein the time qtalified pattem settingt of whenpresent>, whenpresent <, or range. o DELAY TRICCER ■tri9′ d■ Outo Pressthe function key until the highligbt is on the first numericfield. This field selectsthe arnountof delayafter qualification,rangingfrom 30 ns to 160ms. delaycount (delayby edges)disablesthe trigger circuit for a selected count from 1 to 16 000000 after the trjlger hasbeenqualified. After the selectedcount hasbeen attained the HP 54510Alook for the user specifiedtrigger edge. Pressthe function key until the hiehlight is on the first numericfield. This field to selectsthe numberof edgesto delayafter the Fisger has beenqualified(from 1 to 16000000). 口 a EXT L ■ Pressthe functionkeyoncemoreto highlightthe third optionfield and selectthe channelto delayon. dil・ 「 Pressthe funtion key once more to activatethe rising edge/falling edgeoption and selectthe desirededgewith the knob. 7] trrgger on_ count fil ofJ-oft Pressthe functionkey a fourth time to return to the first numericfield. 545o2W15 Trigger Menu ●22 HP 54510A F『ont‐Panei Reference tigger on Key DelayTrigger Exerclse Instrument Setup this tey selectsa specificedgeto triger on after the qualiEcationand delay conditionsharc beensatisfied All other kep in this menu have dealt with defining quali$ing conditions,howerrer,this field setsthe trigger point. This is anotherthree position option switch. o Pressthe function key to higt'tlgtt the numeric field and selectwhich o@urrenceto trigger, usingthe knob to set the number (l to 16000000). o Pressthe functionkey againand nove fts highlighted field to select the slope. The knob togglesthe selectionberweenrising and fatling edge. o Pressthe function key again6d highlighl the channelseleclion. The knob is usedto changethe channelselection. This exercisedemonstrateshow to usethe delaytrigger to trigger on the exact point of a waveform. The exercise les6ls 1fu'srrghsElting up a complex signal, setting up the HP 545104 xnd sfianging settings and counts for viewing various points on the waveform. Setup an HP 8116A(or comparablesignaVgenerator) for a burst pulsc with ten burststhat repeatsevery5Opseconds. Set up the HP 8116A Pulsc/Function Generator: o Modc=I.BUR O RPT=50 μ s ● BUR=10 0 FRQ=5.O MHz e DW=50% ● AMP=1.00V 0 0FS=-200 mV ● Sct generator for a pulsc signal Comectthe stgnalto chanEICl 1 0fthc HP 54510A. HP 54510A Front‐Pane:Reference Trigger Menu 623 OecllloscopeSetup The HP54510.Aautoscalesand displaysthis signaLhowerrer,for this examplemakethe listed triggcring changesaftcr autoscaling. ρ ● ゎ Press AUrOSCALE。 running ■ 500 mV/div offset:-437 5 mV 1 000: dc 0 00000 s 00 us/div 2.@ us/div reoetitive U- -e7'5o mv Figure613. TenBumPulseaftuAWOSQ4LE Set up the HP 545104asfollows: o o o o o o PressTIMEBASE and selectrcpetitive. PressTRIG and selecttrig'd display. Selectdelay trigger mode. Quali$ on edgeand the risingedgeofchannel I asthe source. Selectadelaytimeof.25 psto gaina stabletrigger. Settrigger on 1slrigger on risingedge1 ofchannel 1. This triggersetup qualifieson the first rising edgeof the burst,delays through the remainingportion of the burst, then triggerson the first edge of the nextburst. Trigger Menu 624 HP 54510A F『ont‐Pane:Reference 0 ∞ 000 s 500 ns/div -2 2 5∞ 00 us repetitive 54510W18 珈 “n ィJ s ` w / S r a b動 κ ` 」4 r g r 2 Bパr ″量 ″ Rct― to the tFigger menu and scttrigger on countto 5.This tens thc oscinoscope to trngger on thc 5th rising cdge ofthe next burst(sec F i g u r e 165‐ )。 np runn I n9 -2 50000 us O00000 s 500 ns/div 2.5O@O us repetative Figure615. TenBurctPulseTrigered on Pulse5 HP 54510A F『ont‐Panel Reference Trigger Menu e25 o Changethe trigger on count key to 9 (seeFigure 616). hp running Figure616. TenBurctPulseTigered on Pulse9 By settingthe oscilloscopeto the delaytrigger mode,a specifictime or couot to delaybetweenqualification and trigger can be added. In this exercise,the trigger wasdelayedto get a stabledisplay. When the tine delayhad elapsedthe HP 54510Abegancountingrising edgesuntil il found the ninth edge. u n e e M g g i 略 r T . HP 54510A Front-Panel Relerence TV Trigger Mode The TV TRIGGER menu cnablesthe HP 54510A to扇 聰 げ On dampcd 市Ⅲ alS・ T h e t w o m o s t c o m m o n " 盤 a n d a r d s ; 6 0 H ノ5 2 5 1 i n e s o r NC ∬ is thc standard used in the United States,5CI H7625 1incs is the standard used in most Ewopean countrics.蹴 triger menu also anows for uscr deined tv signals that may be used in other parts ofthe world. To movethe hirintedinverse宙 deo v7indownlirhin a ndd yOu must prcss thc selection key and to change the valuc displayed in thc vttdow yOu must rotate the kndb. Note Paycloseattentionto themovementof thehigltligbtedwindow; it movesto variousoptionswithin thefield. Standard Seiect Key The sourcekey choosesbetweenthe NTSC standardw signalusedin the United Stateswith a60Hz and525linesper fra-e, the standardof 50 Hz and 625linesper frane usedin mostcountriesin Europe. The third option is for userdefrnedrangesof the w slpal. User-definedrangescan be usedto triggeron anyof the proposedHDTV standards. To makethe desiredselection: o Source Select Key To selectthe triggerchannelto be usedasa source, o HP 54510A Front‐Pane:Reference Pressthe selectionkeyand selectthe standardby rotatingthe knob. The activefield is hiehlightedin inversevideo. Pressthe selectionkeyand movethe highlightedfield, rotate the knob until the desiredchannelis displayed. Trigger Menu ●27 level/pohrity Key Theleveloptionsetsthetriggerlevelthatis applicableonlyto thew triggersouroe. o lield Key line Key Pressthe function key agin and the highlightedwindow movesto the polarity option and sclectsthe rising edgeor falling syncpulsesto trigger on. The field key selectsfield" 1 or 2. The line key selectswhich line the trigger wi[ be generatedon. This selectionis dependentupon which field hasbeenselectedpreviously. If the previousselectionis the 60 H\525lines standard"the options availabledependupon which fiel4 1 or 2 is selected: o If field 1is selected selectfrom line 1 to 263in field 1. o If freld 2is selected.choosefrom line Lto?62isfield2. This tv trigger modeis compatiblewith broadcaststandardM. If the 50 HZ6?S lines standardis selected,the options are alsodependent uPonfield ssllings: o Iffield I is selectedthe rangeoflines is from 1 to 31i!, o If freld 2 is selectedthe rangeof liaesis from 3I4to6?5. This w triggermodeis compatiblewith broadcaststandards:B, C, D, G, H, I, K K1, L, andN. holdofl Key TriggerMenu 6-28 The holdoff key enablesthe oscilloscopeto hold off the triggereventfrom 40 ns to 32) ms and is incrementedin 20 ns time frames. HPs4510A Front-PanelReference TV Tfiggef Exercise Instrument Setup Oscilloscope Setup Videosignalsareunique,andassuchhaveuniquerequirements for Sffi.ffiffiff""ffi?:ffi: ""*howtodispravandwork Use a standardNTSC signalgeneratorwith clampedvideo output for this exercise.Turn color bars on. Connectthe NTSCvideosignalto channel1of the I{P 545104. o PTessAUTOSCALE" o Selectthe tv trigger mode. r Set 60Hzli2ilines and channell asthe souroe. Determine the polarity of the syncpulse. o Selectthe trigger level and rotate the knob until a stable displayis attained. When a slmcpulse is visible,determinethe polarity, select polarity (pressthe function key) and set the spc pulse in acdordance with the actualpulse. r Setthe triggerlevelat approximatelythe midpointof the syncpulse. This setsthe trigger leveljust below the middle of the slmcpulseand tells the oscilloscopeto triggeron the lsadingedge. o Settrig'd/auto to trig'd. This eliminatesthe possibility of a prematuretrigger eventoccurring. HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference o Selectfield I and line 1. o PressTIMEBASE and settime/divisionto 100rrs/div. TriggerMenu 429 PressDISPLAYand set persistenceto = 600.0ms toaccommodate vidco signals. hp runn ing edge stote Po! deloyltv Hz/525 1in source evell-337 甲甲甲"中 鴨 :::::… polority … -500 000 us o oo000 s 500 l Lr 蜘 艤 耐 「口 │ Figure617. Tiger at Field 1, Line I The HP 54510Ais triggeringon the first equalizingpulseof field 1, the first pulse in the vertical interval. The pretrigger data that is beingviewed (left half of the screen)is field 2, lines 256-262. r Trigger Menu e30 Settimeldivisionto 10ps/div and setthe triggerto tield l,line 10. HP 54510A Front‐Panel Reference hp runn ing 5451● ● ●9 rin' FigureGI& Trigeron Fietd I, Line l0 The trigger is now on the first horizontal spc pulse in the vertical interval with color burst information. o Changethe trigger point to field 1, line 2L hp.unning 笏 伽諜 ゲ 場彎 Figure619. Tiger on Field l, Line 21 HP 54510A F『ont‐Panei Reference Trigger Menu ←31 The triger point is non,on the last slmcpulse of the vertical interval The nefr line containscolor information, in this casecolor bars are present. o Changethe rigger to field 2,line 1. hp runn i ng 憫 i t anrnm tnr trunrrntl I t us 0 00000 s 50 0000 us 54510W10 FigureG20. Tiger on Field 1 Line I The trigger point is on the secondslmcpulse of the vertical interval. 'fhis is the correct trigger point becausefields I and2 are interlaced. u n e e M g g i 観 r T HP 545104 Front-Panel Reference DisplayMenu Introductlonto the Display 7 The DISPI"AYmenu controlsmost of the featuresthat dictate how the acquireddata is displayed. Thesefeatues include waysto manipulate data for clarity, 1seliminats noise,viewingbest case/worstcasesituations, or the displayedbackground. There are two displaymenus,dependi"g on which acquisitionmode the oscilloscopeis set to in the TIMEBASE menu. This chapterdescribesthe DISPLAY menu,the submenus,how to control all the features,and how to displaythe 6sgt 6seningfirl waveformfor measurements. DISPLAY Menu norm ovg perslstence minimum― infinite env # of ov9 1-2048 ト connect dots of f /o^ * of screens # of screens of screens olf/frome/ o\es/ 9r Id of | / f r ome/ oxes./gr id connect dots off/on off/lrome/ oxes/gr i d connect dots ol | /on Figure 7-1. RepetitiveAcquisitiott Mode Display Menu HP 54510A F『ont‐Panel Reference DisplayMenu 7-1 DI S P L A Y Menu reolt ime persistence single/infinite connec t do ts ol t /on # of screens off/frome/ oxes/gr i d 7-2.RealtimeAcquisitionMode DisplayMenu DisplayMenu 7-2 HP 54510A Fronl-Panel Reference DisplayMode Key The DISPI"AYmode key seleds one of three displaymodas: o o o normal averaged envelope pcrsistchcc conn?c t DISPLAY The norm mode sEtsthe time par:nmetersfor displayingdata or persistence.The rangein the variablepersistencemode is fJs6 minimrrm, very fast overwriting and updating the display,1sinfinits with variable settingsin benreen,from 500ms to 10 seconds.This meansthat data displayrecordscan be presetto any of the persistencesetrings.Settiags lessthan infinite displaydata for the specifiedperiod of time and then overwrite old data. In realtimeacquisitionmode: o of screens E2 c o n n e ct HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference gingls or infinite persistenceare the two choicesduring realtime acquisition. $ingle pslsislenceis very fast overwrite. As eachnew acquisitionis displayedit overwritesthe previousdata. The current displayis alwaysthe most recent acquisition. In repetitiveacquisitionmode: r Fast persistencesettingsare usefulwhenthe input signalis changing and immediatefeedbackis needed. o More persistenceis usefulwhenobservinglong-termchangesin the signalor low signalrepetitionrates. DisplayMenu 7-3 In both acquisitiotrmodes: Infinite persistencecanbe usedfor worst-casecharacterizationsof sigDal noise,jitter, drift, etc. In this modethe IIP 54510Ais usedasa storage oscilloscope. In repetitive acquisitionmode: {1 minimg6 persistence,a point is erasedwhen a new point is acquiredin the sametirns ss the display. Therefore, the waveformfills quickly and eachpoint lg6ains fs1 s minimum.mount of time. Note Whenthe kqpad is usedto changepenitence sefrinp,anyenfry longerthan 10secondscausesthe messagevalueout of range,set to limit to be displayed-Penistence*eits outomatical$rsetto infinite Any enny lessthan 5(n ms causesthesomemessage to be displayedandpaistence is setto minimum. # ot When norn is selected,the function keybeneaththe norm field is activated. This held displap the current persistencesettingthat can be set usingeither of the entry devices.Connect-the-dotsis availablefor waveformmemories,but not for channelswith persistence. ovg aW Off oxes ■ frOme■ 9rid The averagedmode selectsthe number of waveformacquistionsthat are averagedto generatethe displayedwaveform. The rangefor the averagingfunctionis 1 to 204t1inpowersof 2. Whenaveragedmodeis selected,the nextfunctionkeyis activatedand the number of averagesis set usingeither entry kep or knob. Displayedsignalnoiseis significantlyreducedby usrngthe averaging mode. As the numberof averages is increasedfrom 1 to 2048,the display becomeslessresponsiveto changesin the input signal(s),however,using more averagesreducesthe effectsof displayedsipal noiseand improves resolution. Disp:ay Menu 7¨ 4 HP 54510A Front‐Panei Reference env # of screens The envelopcmode ncedsno other parametersset. The displayreflects 1f,sminimum and maximumvoltagesin eachhorizontal position This is usefulin viewingvoltageor time jiner. The ner function key selectsthe number of screensto be displayed: Key DISPLAY 1: the entire displayareais one screenand any displayedwaveforms are superimposedon top of eachother. 2: the displayareais divided into two screens.Channell is displayed in the top screenand channel2 is displayedin the bottom screen(See frgure7-2). 2 麟 噂 ] 5451●W22 Channel l ViewingArea Channel2ViewingArea 5450i/WF52 3 D“ α ′ S“c■2ψ ′ ■ν″7‐ り HP 54510A Front‐Pane:Reference DisplayMenu 7_5 ottltramel This unlabeledfield selectsone offour displaybackgrounds: axes/gridKey oft: turns the backgroundgraticule off. The displayedwaveformand waveforminformation is not turned off. frame displap the outsideborder with a measurementscale. The measurementscaleis iacremented/decremented with major divisions and minor divisionsbasedon the vertical and horizontal measurement senings. axes: displaysa backgroundwith the measurementscalecrossingat mid-screen. grid: backgroundis a completegraticule with ten horizontal major divisionsand eight vertical major divisions. OnIy the axesportion of the graticule hasa minor division scale. Display Menu 7‐6 HP 54510A F『ont‐Pane:Reference connect dots Key Connect-the-dotsis a techniqueusedto displayuraveformswith all data points connected.'llhis nakes viewingthe waveformseasierbecausethe sigoalis completeand hasno breals. The waveformin figure 7-4 is the sameasin figure 615 after the connect-the-dotskeyis on. Note Connect-the-dots bes not generutedstapoints. TheHP 54510Aconnectsdatapoinn linearly. hp running p e r si s t e n c e minimum日 一 0 00000 s 500 ns/div H= = 月 日 -2 50000 us == = = 日 │‖ ‖ │ == = = u == = = U == = = u llll llllll ば "mS] 電 off XeS■ frome 9rid 2 . 5 O O O Ou s repetitive Figure74. ConnecttheDots HP 54510A FrontⅢPanel Reference DisplayMenu 7-7 Delta t/Delta V Menu Introductionto the Markers This chapterdescribeshow to usethe markersand makemmual measurementson displayedwaveforms. In this mcnち two sc“ofmarkcrs the△ V markers(horiZOntal voltage markers)andthC Atmarttrs cverticaltimemarkersp are∞ ntroned. When the desred set ofmarkers have bcen tmed on the two marker ields are turned ono Each marker L individuany contrOned. Vmorker2 1 Vmorkcr 1 1日-1 00000 VI stop morxer 54501´ ″F05 Figure& 1. Delta tlDelta V Menu HP 54510A Front‐Panel Reference Delta t/DeL V Menu 1 8卜 aV markers Key This function key togglesthe markerson and off. With the AV function turned on the nort two fields are activatedalowing individual control of the two markers. ドfTは ヨ ビ出造ヨ [世饉司 Whenthe AV markersare turned o4Vma*er2,Vmarker7,anddeluV appearin the factors display area. The delta V entry is cdculated asthe following: Ymarker2 - VmarkerI = deltaV If delta V is negative,Vmarker 1 is located at a more positivevoltagelevel than Vmarker 2. Vmarker 2 Key This function key is a npo function control field. The first selectionis the desiredgfiannsl,memory or function to place Vmarker 2 for measurement.By pressingthe key agarn,the highlightedfield movesto the nt'neric displayto selectthe voltagelevel. Tlpically, place Vmarker 2 at thedesLed level on the waveformdisplayand read the level in the highlighlsd field, and in the factors areaof the waveformdisplay. Vmarker 2 is the voltagemarker with shorter dashes. Vmarker 1 Key Vmarker 1 operationis identicalto Vmarker2, excnptit is representedby longerdashes. Note The marken can be moved on a selectedsource even though that source is not displayed. Make sure that the ma*erc are assigted to the proper source to be measureQ or the numeic field mry be inconect. Delta t/Delta V Menu 2 8‐ HP 54510A Front‐Pane:Reference at markersKey this ftrnction kcytogglesthe time narkers on and off. Siriththe At function turned on the ned two fields are activatedatlowingindividual control of the two markers. The markersare placedon the displayrespectiveof the trigger point. Positivetime valuesare to the right of the trigger point and negativetine valuesare to the left. Delta t valuesare determinedby the following: tfT咸 「 ヨ stort morker stop marker - start mar*er = delta t There is no suchthing asnegativedelta t, this only mer"s that the start marker is placedlater in time than the stop marker. The inverseof delta t is l/delta t. Sincethe inverseof time is frequency, this ratio producesan answerin frequency. However,if the markersare placedacrossparts of a waveformof differing time frames,the answer may not be vdid. This featureis usefulwhen looking for the frequencyin a burst that is different from the rest of the waveform. Placethe time markersacrossthe burst (at similar points on the waveform)to determine the frequencyof the burst. start markerKey To setthe startmarker,pressthe functionkeyto h;gttlght the field. This makesthe start marker field active. Set the marker with the knob. The start marker is representedwith long dashes. stop markerKey The stop marker is identical to the start marker, exceptthat it is representedby shortdashes. HP 54510A F『ont‐Panel Reference DeL t/Delta V Menu 8‐ 3 WaveformMathMenu Introductionto the Functlons The WAVEFORM MAIII nenu definesone of two math functions. The firnctions are usedon data that is displayedon screenfrom either channel or from anyof the four waveformmemories. If data from a channelis usedfor a firnction, the channelmustbe turned on. However,if data from a waveformmenory is usedfor a function, that memorydoesnot haveto be displayed. A function is generatedby mathematicallyme'ipulating one or two operandswith known the following operations: o r o o o o o o plus (+ ) minus(-) times (x) versus only invert integrate differentiate drsploy of ( /gi D 一ト N ” い “ gAly/anvarl intcarotc./d i f f e."nt i otc Figure9-1. WaveformMath Menu HP 5rt510A Front-Panel Relerence WavelormMathMenu $1 The vertical displayand offset can be adjustedto place the function for best viewing. When the firnction hasbeen calculate4 it canbe usedin the following mrnngrs: o o o o Defininga Function displayed evaluatedwith the measurementfeatures stored in memory transferredover the HP-IB The WaveformMath menu selectsand presetsanyof variousoperations, sources,and displayedresults. WAVEFORM MATH EI chonLll 2 mem T e m 11 2 2 tl- invs 3 4 ! int vs only diff 'ffi,on *"y display Key WavetormMathMenu 9-2 This keyselectseitherfunction 1 or function2. The displaykeyturnsthe selectedfunctionon or off. The vertical sensitivityand offsetare displayedin the functionmenufields. HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference The displayof the fimctions dependsonthe displaymodeinthe DISPLAY MENU. In singledisplaythe firnctions are displayedin one screen. In dual mode displ"y, finction 1is displapd in the top scrcenand function 2 is displayedin the botton screen. operand (chan/mem) Key Press this key to selectthe first operandof the mathematicaloperation, or the waveformto 6s rnanipulated. The choicecanbe any displayed channelor anywaveformmemorythat hasa waveformstored. Ensure that the channelor memorysourceis turned on. If the operator is only or inver! this is the only operandthat maybe selected. Operator Key This key selectsany of the sixfunctions. Continuepressingthe selection key until the operation desiredis highlighted. plus (+ ): the nvo sclectedoperandsare addedtogether. Addition is calculatedon a point-by-point basis. minus (- ): the minusoperation subtractsthe secondoperandfrom the first. times (x): the times operation multiplies the vralueof the first operand by the value of the secondoperand. Each data point is multiplied with a corresponrlingdata point and the product is placedon the function display. The displayedwaveformis scaledto correspondto a different sizedwaveform. vs (versus):the versusfunction drawsa volts versusvolts displayof the two selectedoperands. Versuscannotbe storedin a waveform memorybecause measurements cannotbe madeon the resultant waveform,however,it can be stored in pixel memory. In sourcex versussourcey, the vertical rangeof sourcey determinesthe horizontal rangeof the vs function. only:The only functiondisplaysthe fust operandandscalesit. invs (inverse):The inversefunctioninvertsthe dataof the frrst operand. HP54510A Front-PanelRelerence WaveformMath Menu 9-3 int (integrate): The integrate function calculatesthe integral (with respectto time) of the vertical nalueof the desigratedoperand" Integration proceedson a point-by-point basis. If a data point is not encounteredin the operand,integration usesthe neft ralid data point. Anynon-existing data points encounteredare not sumnd onlythe avrailabledata is integrated. Default scalingis determinedby the original operanddifr (differentiate): The differentiate function calculatesthe derivative of the designatedoperandwith respectto tine. Differentiation proceedson a point-by-poi* basis. Ifa data point is not encountered in the operan4 then differentiation usesthe ne* valid data point. Default scalingis determinedby the original operand. The differentiation function" by nature, amplifiesnoiseeffects. Therefore, differentiation should be applied 1ssignalswith high signal+o-noise ratios. chan/mem Key This key selectsthe secondoperand,or the waveformthat is manipulated againstthe first operand. The choicesare any of the displayedchannels or anvof the memories. This key is not availableif the operator is only or invert. gengitivity Key oftset Key VgftiCal SCaling UnitS . The vertical sensitivityof the function is setwith this key. This settingis for easeof viewingand making measurements with the newlydeveloped waveform. The offset of the function is set with this key. The fundamental measuring units of an oscilloscope arevoltVdivision in the vertical axis and time/division on the horizontal o<is. This philosophy is used regardless of the mathematical function choseu. No provisions have been made to manage units for all combinations of operands and operations. For example, apply a +2V signal to channel 1 and a -3V sipal 16 s[anlel 2. TheHP 545i0A displays the product as -6V, when in reality it is -6V2' WaveformMath Menu 9.4 HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference Displaying FUnCtiOnS The HP 54510Ahastwo screenvariationsavailableto accornmodatea 2-channeldisplay,aswell astwo functions. o In the singls scrsspmode with a function on, the mathematicalresults and the operandsare displayedusingthe full displayarea. Channel 1 Viewing Area Function I Vioring Anea 5.{51clv23 Figure92. SingleScreenwlFunctionOn HP 5tl510A Front-Panel Reference WaveformMath Menu 9,5 hp Chauel lVieningtuca Function l.eilingAr€a Channel2VieningArea Function 2 Viening Ar€a 54501ノ ヽF52 In the dual screenmode function 1 is displayedin the top half of the screen,and function 2 is displayedin the bottom half. WavelormMath Menu 9€ HP545r0A Front-PanelRelerence Waveform Math hthis exercisetheWAVEFORM MATH menuL usedto subtra∝ Exercise one WavefOmfrom another. : n s t r u m e n t S e t u p s e t u p a n oHrP a8 1s1i6gへn a l g e n e r a t o r c a p a b L o f a l M L l v 0 1 t squarewave,as fonows: o MODE=NORM o FRQ=l MHz ● DTY=50% o AMP=1.00V o OFS=0.00V e Set the generator for a square wave slgnal C o m c d t h c s i g n a l t o a B N C t e c o n c h a n n e l l u s m gm eat clr‐c o a i 」 cableo Connect anothcrmeter l‐ cable frOm thc other sidc Ofthe BNC tee and terminate in 50 to Ω channe1 2. Osc:::oscope Setup Thc cxtra cablelem betwecn chalmels l and 2 prondes atime delay between the stgnals on the osttoscOpe. The propagation Of a l_meter coぶ al cable is appropamatdy 6 to 7 ns.This dclay is uscd to demonstrate the math ttction. The following procedureassistsin settingup the HP 545104 for optimal viewing. HP 54510A Front‐Panel Reference o PressALITOSCALE. o PressDISPLAYto setthe bestviewingconditions.Setdisplaymode to avg,# of avgto 8, # of screens to 2. o PressWFORM MATH to definethe function. Select/ and turn the displayon. Selectchan1, - (minus),chan2 and setthe function sensitivityto 2.00V/div. Waveform Math Menu 9‐7 The firnction subtractschannel2 from c,hannel1. The propagation betweenchannelshasalowed a 6 to 7 ns spikc. To beuer view the results: o PressTIMEBASE and set the horizontal displayto 50.0us/div (see Figure 9-5) . This displayis bestviewedwhen the oscilloscopeis in repetitlve acquisitionmode. O00000 s WaveformMath Menu 9-8 HP 54510A Front‐ Panel Reference Waveform SaveMenu lntroductionto the Memories 10 This chapterdescribeshow to selectthe warreformand pixel memorieson the HP 545104. The menuconsistsof two submenus: o waveformmemoriesm1 - m4 usedto store one waveformat a tine. o pixel memoriesp1 and p2 usedasa screenstore. In this mannerthe memoriesare usedasa storageoscilloscope. WAVEFORM SAVE wov.form Pirr I nonvoloti 61 hi2 /m3/h4 le p1/p2 orsproy ol I /g^ disploy of | /on cいon 1/2 claor mamay ¨ “ stor€ sovad t imbos! Figure 1G1. lilavefomt Save Menu waveform/pixel Key HP 54510A Front‐ Panei Reference This is the functionkey usedto chosethe desiredtlpe of memory.The activemenu is highlighted. Each memoryqpe, waveformor pixel, hasa separatemenu. When this keyis pressed,the rest of the menuchanges. Waveform Save Menu 10‐ 1 waveformMenu 圏 y司 The waveformmenuhasfour availablememories,m! m2, m3, and m4. Thesememoriesare nonvolatile and will not be deared during AUTOSCALE, RECALL CEAR, or recyclingpower. This permits disconnectionof power u16 6ansportion of the oscilloscopewithout losingthe contentsof waveformmemories. A waveformmemoryconsistsof a singlewaveformrecord hsluding the horizontal and vertical scalingparameters. This allowsmeasurementson previouslystoredwaveformand function data. Voltage and time markers can be set on waveformswhen they are displayedhowever,the time markersfollow the TIMEBASE menu time/divisionand not that of the memorywaveform. When the HP 54510Ais in the envelopedisplaymodeand a waveform storeis executed,the minimumvalueand maximumvalueare stored separately.The minimum value will be stored in mL if ml or m3 are the selectedstorelocations,or m2 if -? or m4 are the storagelocations.The ma:rimumvaluesare stored in m3 or m4 respectively.A store messageis displayedabovethe waveformdisplayarea to showthe storagelocations of both values. nonvolatile Key This keyselectswhichmemoryto use. The selectionsare nonvolatile memoriesml, m?,m3 and m4. Whena memoryis turnedon the small circlebelowthe labeli5 fuighlighted.The waveformmemoriesare record memoriesthat store 8000points of waveforminformation in eachmemory. display Key This keytogglesthe selectedwaveformmemorydisplayon or off. source Key The sourcekeyselectsthe sourcewaveformto be stored. The source alternativesate anychannelor eitherfunction. store Key WaveforJ■ save Menu 10‐2 This is the activekeyin the menu. By pressingthis key the specified waveformis storedin the specifiedmemory. Whenthe keyis pressedan immediateeraseof the selectedmemoryand a write to the memoryis executed. HP 54510A Front‐Panel Reference pixel Menu volatile Key The pixel sub'menuselectsthe pixel memories. Thesememoriesare useftrlwhen additive memorycapabilitiesare needed. Waveformscanbe stored to and added to indefinitely. This is the memoryselectkey. The alternativesare pixel memoryL or 2. The pixel memoriesare completepixel savesof the waveformarea (excludingthe graticule and markers)in volatile memory. The waveform displayareais 25i6by45t pixels. In pixel memorythe entire screenis saved. Therefore, data is mapped directly onto the displayand displayedin hafbright. There are no measurement capabilitieson pixel memories. Pixelmemoriesare additive. Whenall pixelsare full, addingto memory will overwritesexistingdata. display Key clear memory Key add to memory Key HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference This keytogglesthe selectedpixel memorieson or off. This keypurgesall datafrom the selectedpixel memory. Pressingthiskey addsthe currentlydisplayedwaveformsto the specified pixel memory. WavolormSaveMenu tG3 WaVgfOfm SaVg EXgfCiSg lnstrument Setup This exercisedemonstrateshow a waveformis stored the offset sening change4 and the storedwaveformrecalled to be conpared with the current display. Setup an HP 8116Aor a signalgeneratorcapableof a 6kHz, l-volt squarewave: o Mode=NORM ● FRQ=6.∞ kHz ● DTY=50% o AMP=1.lXI V o OFS=0。 CXI V ● Sct the generator for a square wave slgnal O s c i : : o s c o p e S e t u p T h i s p r O c e d u r e a s s i s t s i n s e t t i n g u p t h e H P 5 4e5w1i0nAg .f o r o p t i n a l 宙 WaveformSaveMenu 1(H o Connectthis sig3alto the Channell input. o PTessAUTOSCALE. o PressWFORM SAVE and selectthe naveforrn submenu. o Pressthe nonvolatilekevuntil m3 is selected. o Pressthe sourcckey until chan 1 is selected. HP 54510A Front¨Panel Reference o Pressthestorckey. The currently displayedwaveformis savedin nonvolatilememorym3. The renainder of this exerciscdemonstrateshow to recall the stored waveform. o Pressthe display key to turn on the m3 display. o Pressthe CI{AN menukey,changethe ofiset of channel1. This movesthe current displayso the storedwaveformcanbe viewed. The displayshould look like figure 1G2. nP runnrn9 disploy -250 000 us ChOnIE:コ 2 func 2 1 0 00000 50 0 us/div Figure1G2. DisplayedMemory HP 54510A F『ont‐Panel Reference WaveformSaveMenu 1(>5 DefineMeasureMenu Introductionto Measurements 11 This chapter containsa descriptionof the measurementmenu. The entire measurementfunction, with all possibileoptiong is accessedwith the DEFINEMEASnenu. pl+2 hordcopy I'm 3 .dgc , a o\ upp.t/rld/ to 3 .d9. t a ol eqqcr/mid/ stot i rl icr FigureI1-1. Dfine MeasureMenu HP 54510A Fror卜 Panel Reference DefineMeasureMenu 11 _ 1 The first menusetsthe dynanic controls for measurenents.The second menusetsuser-definedparametersfor the measurements.The third menusetsup the measurementcomparisontest. MgaSUfement SglgCtiOn Each key in the numeric kelpad sectionhasa secondaryfunction. Above eachkey is a measurementselectionprinted in blue. To makean imnediate mEasurementof the displayedwaveform"perform the following keptrokes: r Pressthe blue (Shift) key on the n'meric kelpad to accessthe secondarykep. o Pressthe key that correspondsto the neasurementabout to be made. o Rotate the knob to selectthe measurementsource(channeinumber, c#; memorynurnber,m#; or function number,f#). The choicemade. is displayedbelow the waveformdisplayarea. o Pressthe appropriate number to selecttle source,gfoannels I s1 2, memoriesL,2,3,or 4, or functions1or 2. o Make sure the measurementsourceis on. Upon selectionof the measurement,the time and voltagemarkersare placedon the waveform.The markersshowwherethe measurementwas madeif continuousmeasurementsare off. To clearme^surements, pressShift CLR MEAS. For completedetailsof the measurement definitionsand algorithms,see Appendix A, "Algorithrns.n DelineMeasureMenu 11-2 HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference meas/meas def/measlimit Key mgas SUbmgnU continuous Key This key is the prinary subnenu selectionkey. Pressto selcctone of the availablesubmenus.This field is alwap the top selectionso other submenusmaybe selectedat any time. Themeasure submenu is thedefaultcondition.Continuous andstatistics optionsareaccessed fromthissubmenu. If this option is turnedon whena measurement selectionis made,the displayedmeasurementis updated periodically. All subsequent measurementsare continuouslyupdatedwhen selected. When continuousis off, the measurement is madeon@,and the AUAV markersare placed on that measurementshowingwhere the measurement wasmade. statistics Key rms Key HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference The continuousfunctionmustbe on beforethe statisticskeyis available. Whencontinuousis on, statisticsdisplaythemin value,muvalue,average value,andcunentvalueon up to threemeasurements. Selecteither ac or dc rmsvoltagewith the rms key. The ac rms voltageof the first cycleof the displayedsignalis measuredwhenac is selected.The true rms voltageof the first cycleof the displayedsipal is measuredwhen dc is selected.See"AppendixA, Algorthms"for the formulasusedto calculatethesevalues. DelineMeasureMenu 11-3 MeasureDefine Sub-menu The MeasureDefine submenuselectsmeasurementstandardsassigDedby the user. This givesthe option 6f making measurements6"r"61sa signal width or delay settingsor thresholdparameters. standard/userdefined Ifstandard is selecte4 no other choicesare availableand the IIP 54510A Key makesmeasurernentsbasedon IEEE standards. If, however,user defined is selecte4 two setsof test conditionsare availableto define the measurements. 54501/WF21 thresholds/ measurements Key This key setsvertical test conditions,voltageor percentageratios, independentof the horizontal test conditions,edge,slope,and count. Both ses of test conditionsmust be set to dehnethe measurement. The thrcsholds submenusetsthe following vertical test conditions: o o percentageratio from - EVo to l25Vo voltagelevelsfrom - 250kV to + 250kV Note Theupperand lowerthresholdsmust besetto levelsthat will fall 'notfound'is on thedisplryedwaveform.Themessage displayedif eilherthresholdis notfound on the waveform. Thresholdsgttingsapplyto all user-definedfront panelmeasurements. DefineMeasureMenu 11-4 HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference This feature is usefulwhen measuringfor excessiveonershootor ringing. By defining the measurements, pasVfailcriteria of any choicecan be tested.Test from the front panel or sct the HP 54510Ain the limit test and allow the oscilloscopeto report without supervision. Note If the user-d$nedupperand lowerhresholdc aleplaced too closetogether,it ispossibletheHP 5451(Hwill not be ahk to determinethemidpoint. Themessagehotfound'will be displayedin the mcasurcrnent focton arca Measurcmentsdefine more parametergthe horizontal test conditions,for three specificfront panelkelpad measurements: DEFTNE MEAS o Delay o o + width - width stondord urements deloy =│::1 from t edge # f rom ffl edge # When anyof the three measurementsare selected,the measurementis madeon the selectededgecount,slope,and transitionpoint. The HP 54510Astartscountingedgesfrom the left edgeofthe screen,not at the referencepoint. The selectededgemust be displayed. If the edgeis not displayed,the messagenotfound is displayedin the measurement resultsareabelowthe screen. 2 ot mid 54501/WF67 HP 54510A Front‐Panel Reference Define Measure Menu l l ‐ 5 Measurcmentdelay,not tobe confrrsedwith timebasedclaX isuscful when measuringsouroe-to-souroedelala or measuringtine separationon the sr-e sour@or a different souroe (seechapterd 'TimebaseMenu"). The front panel delaymeasurementcan be redefined by edgeslope,edge count (from 1to 4000),and the part of the transition edge(upper,lower, mid) usedas a referencepoint. o When setringedgecount fields, it is handy to pressthe fine kcy. In . tle coursemode the HP 545104 incrementddecrenentsby tens (1, 11,21,...,40(X)). In the fine modethe incremenVdecrement sequence is in 1's. When the delaymeasurementis selectedfrom the front panel the source (c#,f.#, m#) and the sourcenumbernust alsobe selected. + width allows choice of only the point on the waveformtransition (upper, lower, mid) to measurewhen making the positivewidth of a displayedwaveform. - width allowsthe choice of only the point on the waveform transition (upper, lower, mid) to measurewhen makingthe negative width of a displayedwaveform. DefineMeasureMenu 11-6 HP 5rt510A Front-Panel Relerence MeasureLlmlt Submenu The HP 545104 can run limit testson up to three measurements.The menu presetscertain conditionsand storesany failure data for erraluation at a later tine. Set the linit test cfiile in this menu and seleA the measurementfrom the front panel. When a test is running,statisticaldata is displayeddescribingthe test: ■off■ on . o o o current measurement minirnu value maximumvalue averagevalue Failure dat4 aswell asinformation regardingmemoryand sara data is displayed. El p1 .t m2m3r'4 Note p2 hordcopy of ter sove 菫 。p c ¨ … e At leastone measurement(andup to thrcemeasunements) rnust be selectedfrom theke),pad Thelimit test runs onttont -panel measurements. tegt Key HP 54510A Front‐Pane:Reference This key togglesthe test routine on or off. When the test is turned on, the oscilloscopestartsrunning in the test mode on the most current measurements that havebeenselected. Define Measure Menu l l ‐ 7 set Key This keyselectstheneasurement. There are sitrecnmeasuremenB available;theseare Eameonesasare availableon the nunerickelpado Pressthe firnction key to highlight the 6eld and rotate the knob to selectthe desiredmeasurement. Note Thiskeydoesnot selectihe meosunemenn on whichthe limit test operates,thot selectionis madcfrom thelceypd with the blue (Shi[t) tcey. failif > Key This field setsthe upper failure threshold. The rangeon this field is dependentupon the units of the desiredneasurenent. or il < Key This key setsthe lower threshold of the failure parameters. saveto Key This key savesthe data associatedwith the failure to memoriesor to a hardcopydevice.The sourceof the saveis selectedin theIVAVEFORM SA\IEmenu. In the case of saving to nonvolatile memory, one memory may be selected. If multiple failures occur, only the last failure data is saved because the most current data will overwrite the memory oontents. If the data is saved to pixel memory an accumulated save occurs. No measurements may be made on the pixel data. A saveto a printer irnmsfistsly sends the data to the peripheral device. o after fail Key DefineMeasureMenu 11-8 The save to key can be turned offand no saveis affected. The test can be stopped when a failure occurs, or it can be continued. ltP 54510A Front-Panel Reference Utility Menu Introductionto the Utilities 12 The UTILITI menuaocesses the calibration and servicefunctions,as well assetsup the HP-IB interface. The submenusinclude self-tesg calibration, service,-6 3li5ting for the current firmware revisiondate. This menucontrols all of the servicefunctionsthat maintain the reliable performanceof the oseilloscope. Thesesubmenusare part of the UTlLITYmenu: o o o o o HP-IB menu selftestmenu probe cal menu self cal menu servicemenu UTILITY HP-IB mcnu rtest probr col henu clrckcr ol t /a^ に 卜 Figure12-1. Utility Menu HP 54510A Front‐Pane:Reference Utility Menu 1 2 ¨1 HP‐:B menu The HP-IB submenumakessettingsso the HP 54510Ac"n tdk to peripheral devices.This interfaceincludestwo prinary settings: HP-lB o o Talk-onlymode Addressednode form off ― poper length 12in ‖ h rlo de plot plot 9 r o t i c u t . / 6 i a p t o y/ toctorr/o I I ex i t menu 545,OW25 print′ pl● t pan 1-E chon l/? 1-4 ffi tunct ion l/2 grEmry l/2 \l@rker 1/? 3tor t mrk 6lop mrr groticulc tr i 99.i tihabolc ruosurc! t it 1.3 Figure12-2.HP-IB Menu talk only mode addressed mode Setthe oscilloscopeto talk only to perform a hardcopywithout interventionfrom an externalcontroller. The attachedprinter, or plotter,mustbe setin the listcn only or listen aluaysmode. This modeselectivelyaddresses the HP 54510Afor talkingor listening. The addressof the HP 545104canbe selectedwhile the instrumentis in the ad&essedmode. ‐ The rangeof availableaddressesis 0 through 30. utimy Menu 12‐2 HP 54510A Front‐Panei Reference ■ fonn feed Key If the form fecd option b on, the printer performs a form fecd at the end of the hardcopy. If form feed is off, the pageis scrolledup four lines cfien the hardcopyis complete. paper leryflh Key This key selectsbenreenll-inch or 12-inchpagelengthsfor auto form feed. The 11-inchpageis a U.S. standardand the O-inch pagea U.K and European standard. device mode Key This key selectswhetherthe hardcopygoesto a printer or plotter. The Hp S+510Asendshardcopyto IIP printers and plotters with HP-IB options. The following printers havebeentestedwith the HP 545104.: W 2225AHP-IB ThinUet, FIP2278 QuietJet, and HP 36304 Option 0(}2PaintJet. The following plotters havebeentested with the HP 545104: HP 1mA Option 002Color Pro, HP 7470A Option 002, IIP 7475A Option 00e HP 75504 and HP 9872C. When plot is selectedin deviccmode,three options appearon the menu. Initialize before plot canbe turned on or off and Graticule, Display, Factors, or All, canbe chosenfor the plot. In the pen field niheteenof the displayparameterscatrbe selected. Any pen, 1 through 8, canbe assignedto the paraneter for asssrtsd plotter pen colors or weigbts.The following par:emeterscanbe selected: channell channel2 wmemoqrl nmremory2 exit menu Key HP 54510A Front‐Pane:Reference wmemory3 wmemory4 functionl function2 pmemoral pmemorT2 graticule trigger stafiMark stopMark titles timebase measures Pressingexit returnsthe UTILITY menuto the screen. uti:ny Menu 12‐3 The HP 54510Ais designedto perform internal diagnostics.This selftestsubmenuteststhe oscilloscopeto give a high confidencelevel of instrumentfunctionality. Before starting anyself-tes! always perform a key-donmpower-up (RECALL CLEAR). This resetscritical parametErsto known valuesto assureenoneoustest failures do not occur. 3elft!st rcnu Hp― IB/keyboo「 d/crt sys tem ngnvol protcct Figure12-3. Self-TestMenu Utiltty Menu 12‐4 HP 54510A F『ont‐Panei Reference If the HP 54510Afails anyself-tesl perform the following o Recalibratethe oscilloscope. o If that doesnot fx the problem,refer to theHP 5451(MSewice Monual. The HP 54510Aself-diagaosticsand self-tests,are designedyo run operationaltestson the following o o o o o RAM ROM Acquisition Miscellaneous loop for servicet$ting PASSED PASSED PASSED PASSED PASSED PASSED PASSED PASSED PASSED PASSED PASSED System RAM Non― Volotile RAM Displ● y RAM PrOtected Non― Volotile RAM System ROM Acquisition RAM Lo9ic Tri9ger Timebose D/A Converter HPIB A/D Converter o run sel ftest. o.sconnect ol I stor t test test oll rnouts 54501W75 Figure124. Resultsof Selftest HP 54510A F『ont‐Panel Reference Utility Menu 12‐5 ram Test The RAIvI tast is a multiple selectionfield- The options are: o o o o rom Test Two ROM testsare available: o o acquisition Test display acquisition s]'stem unprotectednonvolatilememory systeE protected nonvolatilememory Five acquisitontestsare available: o atrig . ltrig oND o timebase o D/A Miscellaneous Test Three miscellaneoustestsare available: o o o HP-IB keyboard CRT loop Test The loop test is a function designedfor useby qualified service personnel.It is unnecessary to usethis functionfor normal oscilloscopeoperation.When a self-testloop hasbeeninitiatedit runs until stoppedby pressingand holding any key. start test Key test a‖Key exit rnenu Key utimy Menu 12‐ 6 Pressingthis keybeginsthe selectedtest. This keyrunsall testsin sequence. Pressingthis keyreturns the Utility menuto the screen. HP 54510A F『ont‐Pane:Reference PROBE CAL MENU TVo probe calibration proceduresare availablein the probe cal nenu: o o attenuation timenull ottenuot ion Figurc12-5. ProbeCal Menu HP 54510A Front‐Panel Reference U‖臓y Menu 12‐ 7 attenuation submenu The atteauationsubnenu calibrateschennelmin at the probe tip. Channelgain canbe corrected througb probe attenuationdo*l to 0.9 attenuation" PROBE CAL MENU enuotio t rme nu o Below 0.9the error aessageAfrentootion lessthon 1,seemoual for action is displayed. The correctiveaction is to recalibratethe HP54510A. s t o r t c oI If the probe is not connectedto the DC CALIBRATOR OUTPUT on the tear panel or the probe attenuationexceedsapproximately250,the error message Anemtationt@ htghor bad cowtectionis displayed. The correctiveaction is to checkthe connectionsand recalibrate. If recalibration is u"successful,refer to theHP 5451(MSeruiceMonual. con t i nue o o b o rt ex i t menu t"toffinnel Key If the probe attenuationcalibration is successfulthe displayed messageis ProbeAttenuation = n.nnnnn This value hasbeenentered into your channelpmbe setting. Pressingthis keyselects3 glenngt to calibrate. start cal Key When the channelto be calibrated hasbeenselected pressstart cal. The advisoryappearsat the bottom of the waveformdisplayarea Connectthe rear-panelDC CALIBRATOR OU|?W to theprobe of channeln, thenpresscontinue. Pressingthis key prompts for setup requirements. continue Key ptsssthis keywhenall setuprequirementshavebeensatisfied.The actual calibration processbeeins. abort Key exil menu Key UtilityMenu 12-8 This is the only activefront panel key during the calibration process. The calibration processis terminatedwith the previouscalibration factors intact when this key is pressed. Pressingthis key returnsthe Utility menuto the screen. HP 54510A Front-PanelReference tlmenullsubmenu Tine null sets1f,siiming of {l chnnnels1scorrespondto eachother at MENU ottenuot Ion rme ex r t the probe tip. This eliminatestinc discrcpancicsbet*Ecn chenn€ls and channel-to-channelskcwrariations. This is usefulto manuallv adjust any differencesin cablelength nu I menu time Key exil menu Key HP 54510A Front‐Panel Reference This is an unlabelledfield. The time null betweenthe nvo channelscan be setusingeitherofthe entrydevices.The rangeis t 70 ns. Pressingthis keyreturnsto the Utility menu. Ut:lity Menu 12‐9 Self Cal menu The self cal menu calibratestwo internd functions: o o cal select Key vertical cal delay and repetitive cal This field selectswhich of the calibration prooessesto perform. The cal selectkey and the hiohlightsdwindow incrementsthrowh G'1 and the activefield in the displaychangesto correspondwith the selection. See Calibration procedurein this shaplsr. SYSTEM CAL ● ●● stort col con t Inue prrnt cols ex i t menu 54510W32 Figure12-6.SelfCalOptions Note Cal0 mustpassbeforeCalI canbeperformed successfully. uti:ny Menu 12‐10 HP 54510A F『ont‐Panei Reference channel Key The cfiannelkey selectsthe clrannellq calibrate. start cal Key When the channelto calibrateis selecte4 and the specificcal routine is selecte4 prcssthe startcal keyand follow the instructionsdisplayed. print cals Key The print calskey sendsa completelisting of the mostrecent self calibration factors to a printer, if connectedto the oscilloscope.Refer to the servicemanualfor more information on self calibration and calibration faclors. cotftinue Key When all of the seruprequiremeatsare satisfied"pressthe continue key and the actual calibration pr(rcessbegins. abort Key This is the only activefront panel key during the calibration process. Pressingthis ftsy lsrminatesthe calibration processleavingthe previous calibration factors intact. exit menu Key seruicemenu This key returns to the Utility menu. The servicemenu is usedfor firmware calibrationg hardware adjustments,and calibrationsthat need not be performed often. These are e:rplainedin the servicemanstrland are to be usedonly by qualified servicepersonnel. Note Whencertaincalibrationshavebeenperforme4 other calibrationsmustbecontinued. Onlyrytaffiedservice penonnel with accessto thesewicemanual, areto petotm calibrationsin theservicemenu. Manual for completeinformationon the Seethef/P5451M Seruice servicemenu and calibration cvcles. HP 54510A F『ont‐Pane:Reference uti:■ y Menu 1 2 ‐ 1 1 ciicker Key The clicker key turns on the clicker function. When the clicker is turned on, an audible click is heard eachtime a key is pressed-The selectionsare either on or off. ac BNC Key The ac BNC key selectsthe output for the rear panelBNC. The probe compensationsignalis a squarewaveof approxirnately500Hz When trigger out is selected"the BNC is a trigger output. Ca:ibrat:on Procedure There arc two lcveL ofcalibration for the HP 54510A.The Frst icvcl七 ed lmdcrthc LitCSerCalmcnuandsuggcstcdbyHPtobcpcrfo― Dwing cOnditions: o o o at six month intervalsor every1fi)0 hours of use if the ambienttemperaturechangesmore than 10'C from the te'riperature at full calibration the userwould like to optimize msasurementaccuracy Self calsdo not require any equipmentother than cables. It is necessaryto UNPROTECT the calibration which may not be allowed in somecircumstances.Follow the Self Cal Menu calibration proceduresto perform this fust level of self cal. The secondlevel of self calibrationsare to be performed only by qualified servicepersonnelwith accessto the servicemanual. Note Before the HP 5451M can be calibrated the O4LIBRATION togle switch on the rcar panel must be set to UNPROTECTED. The procedure for calibration is: Ut::ky Menu 12‐ 12 HP 54510A Front‐Pane:Reference o Set the rear pancl C.{LIBRATION snitch to UNPROTECTED. . o Select0 in the cal selectfield and calibratethe vertical factors. This routine calibratesthe A.rD,vertical gain,offset, and trigger with the rear panel dc calibator signal. o Select1in the cal selectfield and calibrate the delay and the repetitive factors. This procedureuses the rear panel ac calibrator slgnal. When the softwarecalibrationsare completereset the CALIBRATION toggleswitchon the rear panel to PROTECTED. HP 54510A Pane:Reference F『ont… Ut:lity Menu 12‐ 13 Algorithms One of the primary featuresof the HP S+510Ais the ability to make automaticmeasurementson displayedwaveforms.This chapter provides details on how automaticmeasurementsare calculatedand sometips on how to irnproveresults. Measurement Setup Measurementst1'picallyshouldbe madeat the fastestpossiblesweep speedfor the most accuratemeasurementresults. The entire portion of the waveformthat is to be measuredmustbe displayedon the oscilloscope.For the most accuratemeasluements,considerthe following conditions: . at least one completecyclemust be displayedfor period or frequency measurements the entire pulsemust be displayedfor width measurements the leadi'g edgeof the waveformmustbe displayedfor risetime measurements r Making Measurements HP 54510A Front‐Panei Reference the tlailing edge of the waveform must be displayed for falltime measurements If more than one waveform, edge, or pulse is displayed, the measurements are made on the frst (leftmost) portion of the displayed waveform that can be used. If there are not enough data points the oscilloscope will display < with the measurement results. This is to remind you that the results may not be as accurate as possible. It is recommended that you re-scale the displayed waveform and make your measurementagain. A:gOrithms 丼1 Standad Whea any of the standardEeasurementsare requestd the HP 54510A Measurements first determinesthe topbase voltagelevelsattnVo-W%. fvsrn this information, it can determiaethresholds(!0Vo,X)Vo,andl0Vo) neededto nake the measurements."I\el0Vo and90%othresholdsare usedin the risetime and falltime Deasurements.\\e 50Vonidpoint is tsed for measuringfrequency,perio4 pulse widt\ and duty cycle. The voltagethresholdsare precisesettingsand setsspecificlocationson the waveform. If the thresholdsare not placed on the waveform(aboveor below) the HP 54510Acannotnake a measuremenL Userdefined When any of the ussr defined measurementsare requeste4 the Measurements HP 54510Astill must determinethe topbase voltagethresholds. From this information it can determineuser defined upper and lower thresholds. Tbe mid-point is then determinedto be the 507opoint betweenthe upper and lower tbreshold. Automatic Top-Base Top-Baseis the heart of most automaticmeiasurements.It is usedto determineV1qpand Vuasc,the oVoandtffiVovoltage levelsat the top and the bottom of the waveform. From this information the oscilloscopecan determinethe l0Vo,50Vo,and90Vopornts,whichare alsousedin most measurements.The top or baseof the waveformis not necessarilythe maximums1 minimu voltagepresenton thewaveform.Considera pulse that hasslight overshoot. It would be v/rongto selectt[s highssl point of the waveformasthe top sincethe waveformnormally restsbelow the perturbation. TopBase performs a histogramon the waveformand finds the most prevalentpoint aboveand belowthe waveformmidpoint. The most prevalentpoint is one that representsgreaterthan approximately5Voof the total displaypoints(501)and is consideredto be eitherthe top or base.If no point accountsfor more than5Voof the total, thenthe top is chosenasthe absolutemaximumand the baseis chosenasthe absolute minimum. A:9ortthms A‐2 HP 54510A F『ont‐Pane:Reference Edge Definition Both rising and faling edgesare defincd astransitional edgesthat must crosstlree thresholds. A rising edgemust crossthe lower thresholdin a positivedireaion (defrniagit asa rising edge),crossthe mid threshold (any number of s1655ings, both positiveand negativeare permissible)and then crossthe upper thresholdwithout any crossingof the lower threshold. A fa[ing edgemust crossthe upper thresholdin a negativedirection, crossthe mid threshold(any number of times), and then crossthe lower tbresholdwithout crossingthe upper threshold. Note Most time measurcments arc madebasedon theposition of the fint crossingofthemiddle threshold AlgOfithm Foilowingare the definitionsthat all measurements arebasedon: Definitions delay There are threetypesof delaymeasurement: r e o jitter standard user-defined Jitter occurs only under the following circumstances: o o o HP 5rt510A Front-Panel Reference standard/user-defined key is set to standard two delay parameters are the same display mode is envelope Algorithms A-3 tf firEtdge on minlmumnaveforu ts risltrg then delay = mid-threshold of first rising edgeof maxnavdorm minus mid-threshokl of first rising edgpon min uavcfom else delay = mid-thrcshold of first falling cdgeon min uavdom minus mid-threshold of first falttng edgeon maxuavefom The standarddelaymeasurementoccurswhen in the standardmode (not user-defined)and is not a jiner measurement. standard deLry = mid'thrtshold of the first edgeof second parameter minus nid.threshold of the first edgeof the frrst parameter Note Neguivedclq ispossible. User delined delay = secondchanneledgeminus lirst channel edge + width The + width algorithm hasstandardand user-dehnedconsiderations. if first edgeis rising then + width = mid-thr:shold crossingof lirst falling edgemid-thnesholdcrossingof first rising edge else + width = mid-thresholdcrossingof secondfalling edgemid-thresholdcrossingof lirst rising edge Algorithms A-4 HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference User-definedis the sameasStandarddefinition cxccpt uscrdefincd threshold" - width The - width algoritt- hasstandardand user-definedconsiderations: iF mtedgeぉ Hslng then ‐width=second EISing d靡 ‐lht hlling edge dse ‐width=饉 rst Hsing edge‐ 「 ErStrmng a雌 " Period if 饉r s t e d g e i s n s i n g then penod=second nsing edge・ Frequency frequenw=1/pe」 D」り Cy●le 饉rst nslng e崚 od duty qに le=(+、 議dth/penod)。lCXl Note +就 ahぉ αル4"Gα ′ 側 ra″ご“slttg凛=軸 にshο』 a RIsetime Falltlme 」 setime=time at upper threshold‐ FailtiEEle=饉 me aticDwer threshold‐ time at upper threshold Vmax Vmax=VOntage Ofthe madmum point on scun Vmin Vmin=VOltage ofthe minimum pOint on screen Vp_p Vp‐ HP 54510A F『ont‐Pane:Reference p=Vmax― time at icDwer threshond Vmin AigOrithms A‐5 Vゎ p Vtop = Bost pr?uslent pointabow rartftom mldpoint Vbm Vbr"" = most prevrlent potnt belmrravdom midpotnt Vamp Vamp= Vtop- Vu"." Vavg Averagevoltageofthe first cycleof the displayedsignalisneasured. If a completecycleis not presentthe oscilloscopeaveragesall data points. Vrms The rms voltageof the first cycleof the displayedsignalis measured.If a completecycleis not present"the measurementcomputesrms on all data points. Either ac or dc rms vraluecan be selectedin the measuresubmenu of the Define Measuremenu. The ac nns calcul,ationremovesthe dc component. 1 一2 ‰ /rmsCC)=[ 1 一2 熱 / 圭Σ P3-1 r n = ΣG 左 i=0 Thc cquadon is thc intcgral ofthe channet Where l reprcsents thc integral alld C rcprescnts the channel.Thc integr」玉calculated by adding voltagc points muldphcd by thc timc buckct宙 dth,A. ′ 、 AigOrithms A‐6 口7 こ゛ ン ト ns(a`'‐[夕 く つ)一(Ztユ蠅))≧ ]Z t詢 HP 54510A F『ont‐Pane:Reference Dlfferenthe dt= 0 cn_ c(n_-]) d, r =__ N The equation is the differential waveform of the channel where d represents the differential and c represents the channel. The differential is the volt4ge differences betwEen consecutivs points in tine divided by the time bucket width, At. HP5tr510A Front-PanelReference Algorithms A-7 Generallnformation DescJtton 盤 悧艦t器鍛肥器l鴛 織 出貯' 5 i ns e aq u le ‐ n c e o C h a n n e l i n p u t i mlp eMdΩ aOnrc5eCヽ s e n s i t i v i t 2y ‐ I Q suntchable. The time baseprovidessweepspeedsfrom 1 ns to 5 s/div in a1-2-5 sequence.Panand zoom canbe usedto expanda displayedwaveformfor a detailedview. An externaltrigger input with 1 MQ or 50 Q switchableimpedancecanbe combinedwith the channeltriggersfor complexttiggeriog functions. The HP 545104hasan Autoscalefeature,17automaticpulseparameter measurements, and easywaveformstorage.It hasfull progrrmmability overthe HP-IB, andwhensetup with a printer or plotter, the HP 54510A providesinstant hardcopyoutput. Accessories Supp:ied The fouOwing accessorics are supphedwith the HP54510A Digitizing OSCil10scOpe. o Two HP lC1441A miniaturc passivc probcs(2 mctcrs) o One mmature pr6beto BNC malc adaptcr(HP 1250‐ 1454) o One 2.3 mctcr(7.5 fcet)pOWer cord(SCe chapter 2 for availablc powcr cords) o One Front‐ Panel Rcference and Programming Reference Set o One Se面 cc Manual HP 54510A Front‐Pane:Reference GeneralInformation B-1 Accessories Available The following accessoriesare availablefor usewith the HP 51510A. o o o r o o o o o o o r o o o o Options HP 104374Ll50 Q probe (2n) HP 10438Atl probe (1m) HP 1043941:l probe (2n) HP l04r''lr'. 10:11MQ probe (2n) HP 10002A50:1l MQ (1000V peak) probe HP 10020AResistiveDivider Probe Kit HP 1-L37A1000:1Highvoltagedividerprobe HP 11i}3ATV /ideoSpcPod HP 1141ADifferential Probe HP ffiL4175 RackMountKit HP 149+0015Rack Mount Slide Kit HP LY{).1066Soft Carrying Case HP Y21L-2il5TransitCase HP5061-6133FrontPanelCover HP L180ATilt-trayTestmobile HP 921998PowerStrip The following options are availablefor the HP 54510A. Ava:lable ● ● GeneralInformation B-2 Option 908- RackMount Kit (HP 5061-6175) Option 910- Additional ServiceManualand Operatingand ProgrammingManualset Option 090- Deletionof probes HP 545t0A Front-Panel Reference PgffOfmancg Thefollowingareperformance specifications for theI{p 545104 Disitizinsoscilloscope' Specifications Vertical Bandwidih (-3dB, dc coupled):l dc to 250MHz Risefims2 1.4ns Input R (selectable): 1MO + lVo or 50C2x.lVo Maximum InputVoltage3 I Mf,l t 250V [dc + peakac(< 10kHz)] 50 Q:5 Vrms Olfset Accuraqra t (lVo of cbanneloffset + 27oof full scale) (dc) a5 VoltageMeasunement^A,ccuracy Dual Cursorl + (L.25Vo of fullscale + 0.032x V/div) +(\.?SVooffullscale+ offsetaccuracy SingleCursoT2 + 0.016x Vldiv) Horizontal Trigger HP 54510A Fronl-Panel Reference Detta-tAccuracy6 + (0.005Vox delta-t + 2E-6 x delaysefting Repetitive(> 8 averages): + 100ps) RealTime (singleacquisition):+ (0.005Vo x delta-t + 2E-6 x delay setting + 150ps) TriggerSensitivitya Intemal (dc to 50 MHz): 0.5division Internal (50MHz to 250MHz): 1.0division External(dc to 250MHz): 100mVp-pinto 50 Q GeneralInformation B-3 NOTES 1. Upporbandwidthreducesby 25 Mlh ior eachoCabow gt'C. BandwidthIn Repetitirre mode is typicallygreatsrthan 300 Mlt. 2, Rbe time tiguresarecalculaiEdfrom: t, = 0.35/Bantlwidth. 3. On rangesS 50 mV/div,the maximumowrdriveof ths inputmustnot excaed100V. 4. Magnification is usedbelow7 mV/divrangeso wrtical resolution andaccuracies are conesponclingly reduced.Below7 mV/div,full scaleis d€tinsdas SOmV. 5. Voltagemeasurementaccuracydecreases0.08%per oCfrom firmwarecalibration temperature.Thisspecilication is validtor a temperature ranget 10olrom sorftnare_ calibration temperature.Specification appliesto bothmodes;rep€titive andrealtime (singl€acquisition). 6. Specification appliesat the maximumsamplingrate.At lowersamplingratesthe specification is t (0.005%X delta-t+ (2 X 10t) X detaysotting+0.1SX sample interval)lor bandwiclth limitedsignals(tr=1,4 X sampleinterval),Sampleintewalis clefinedas l/(samplerate).Specitication alsoappliesto thoseautomatic measurements computingtime intervalson identicalslopeedges(i.e.pos-pos, neg-neg). Performance Characteristics Vertical The following are performancecharacteristicsof the HP 54510A Digitizing Oscilloscope. switchable Band哺 dth Limits a cc‐ o u p l e d ( l o3w edrB‐ f r c q u c n c y J : 9 0 H Z LF ttect(10Wer-3 dB frequencyp:450 Hz Bandwidth umit(upper_3 dB frequencyJ:30 MHz Number of Channels: 2 (simultaneous acquisition) Vertical Sensiti宙 ty Range:lmV/divto 5 V/div Vertical Gain Accuracy(do:1'2± 1.25%of fuH scalc GeneralInlormation B-4 HP 54510A Front‐Panel Reference Verticat Resoludon:28 bits orrcr8 divisions(x,A.4%),10 bits via HP-IB with averaging(+ O.1 o) Maximun SampleRats l GSa/s Waveform Recordl*ngth:3 8001pointsreal tine,50l points repetitive Input C:7 pF nominal Input Coupling: ac,dc Offset RangeVertical Sensitivity Available O L mV - 50mV/div >50 mV - 250mV/div >250mV- 1.25Vldiv >L.?5V-5V/div !2V + 10V +50V +250V D5mamicRange t 1.5 x full scalefrom centerof screen Channel-to-channelIsolation (with channelsat equalsensitivity): dc to 50 MHz: zl0dB 50 to 250MHz:30 dB NOTES: 1. Gain accuracydecreases0.08%ol lull scale per "C from firmware calibration temperature. This charac,teristicis valid lor a temp€raturerange -r 1OoCfrom software calibrationtemperature. Charasterislicapplies to both modes; repetitive (eightor more avereges)and real time (singleacquisition). 2. Expansionis used below 7 mV/div range so vertical resolutionand accuraciesare correspondinglyreduced. Below 7 mV/div full scale is defined as 56 mV. 3. Availableover HP-IB,waveform record length is: Real TimeFlepetitive- HP 54510A Front-Panel Relerence 8,000 points 500 points GeneralInlormation B-5 Horizontal TImc BascRange: 1ns/divto 5 Vdiv fime BaseResolution: 20 ps DelayRange(post-trigger): 10,000x (ddiv) Delay Range (prCtrigger) Time/div Sefting 1 ∞ n S ‐5 s / d i v l ns‐50 ns/div Available Delav -1“ -8μ X(S/diVl s Trigger TH8er Pulse WEdth(minimump lntemal: 1.75 ns Emmal: 2.8 ns Trigger Level Range Internal: t 1.5 x full scalefrom center of scteen Extemah t 2 V Operating Thcfou。 Characteristics Vertical 続 ng arc Opcrating charaderlsttt ofthe HP 54510A Digi“ デng p C. OSCinos∞ DeflectionFactors: ChennelsL and}l-With singlescreenselected, deflection factors are adjustablefrom 1 mV/div to 5 V/div in aL-Z-S sequencewith the knob. Fully calibratedvernier adjustmentscan be madeusingdirect keypadentry or the knobwith the FINE keyselected. Probe Attenuation Factors: Values from 0.9 to 10(n may be entered to scale the oscilloscope for external probes or attenuators attached to the channsl inputs. When probe tip calibration is done, this value is calculated automaticallv. Input Impedancs 1 MQ or 50 Q, selectable for CHl, CH2 and EXT TRIG. Generallnlormation 8-6 Hp S4SloA Front-panelReference Bandwidth Limit (HF Reject): Provides low pass filter with a - 3 dB point at approximately 30 MHz for both triggering and sipal display. Can be selected for each vertical input individually. LF Reject Provides high pass frlter with a - 3 dB point at approximately 450Hzfor triggering and vertical signal. Can be selected for each vertical input individuatly. ac Coupling: Provides high-passfilter with a - 3 dB point at approximately 90 Hz for both triggering and signal display. Can be selectedfor each vertical input individually. ECI./TIL Prcsets: Vertical deflection factor, coupling, offset, and trigger level can be preset independently on both channelsfor ECL and TTL levels. Eltective Resolution: The maximum sample rate and the number of bits in an oscilloscope'sdigitizer are too often used for comparing oscilloscopes. These specifications,however,do not describe performance under dynamic signal conditions. Effective Resolution is a figure of merit that describesthe digitizing oscilloscope'sperformance under dynamic conditions, and is measuredusing the sinewavecurve fit test. This method considers: o o o o Quantization error Non-linearities(including preamp and A/D) Systemnoise Frequencyofinput signal All of these affect the effective resolution of the instrument, Some manufacturers specify effectivebits using half-scalesinewaves.While the effective bits performance using half-scaletesting is overstatedwhen compared to full-scale testing,Hewlett-Packard publishesboth setsof numbers for the 54510A so that, when comparing effective bits performance between digitizing oscilloscopes,a fair comparison can be made. HP 54510A Front-PanelReference GeneralInformation B_7 The HP 54510A'sgrpicalperformancefor a singleacquisitionis shown below: Frequency Fun scale Half scele 50 kHz 1 MHz 20 MHz 50 MHz 1∞ MHZ 250MHz 7.2 5,7 63 5,6 5.0 4.9 7.0 6.4 5.0 2 5。 7.4 For more information about effective resolution, please contact your Hewlett-Packard salesoffice, and ask for Product Note 51804-2, Dytanric Perfonnance TestingofA to D Conveften, (pub # 02-5952-7629). Horizontal Pan and Zooml. Changing the Time/div and/or Delay values once acquisition has been stopped allows accessto all 8k points of data that are captured on each acquisition (Real-time mode only.) Delay BetweenChannels: Difference in delay benreen channelscan be nulled out to compensatefor differences in input cablesor probe length. Use "time null cal," found in the Probe Cal menu (see UTIL key). ReferenceLocation: The reference point can be located at the left edge, center, or right edge ofthe display. The reference point is defined as the trigger point plus the delay time. TriggerModes Edge Triggen Positive or negativeedge can be selectedfor trigger on channels1 and 2, or on the external trigger input. Pattern Triggen A pattern can be specified using channels 1,2 and the externaltrigger input. Each ofthe inputs can be specihedasahigh, low, or dott't care with respect to the level setting in the edge trigger menu. The trigger can be selectedto occur on the last edge to enter the specified pattern or the first edgeto exit the specifiedpattern. GeneralInformation B-8 HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference Time Quallfied Pat&n Ttlggen A trigger will occur on the first edgeto exit a pattern onlyif it meetsthe specifiedtime criteria The arailable time quelified modesare (user-specifiedtime is in brackets): . . pattem present < [tine] pattern present > [tine] ;";:."',-J-::::;:i:"i (, 3v.!L2ns) rhe time filter recoverytime is s 12ns. In the ipattern present < [timel" mode, the pattern mustbe presentfor more than 1.75ns, (2.8ns for the externaltrigger) before the trigger will respond. Glitch Tliggen Use npatternpresent < [tinel" with [tinel selectedsuch that it is just lessthan the nominal pulsewidth of the signalyou are analping. Jls minimum glitch width is 1.75ns, (2.8ns for the external rrigger). State Triggen A pattern is specifiedon anytwo of the three inputs with the third input usedasclock. The user may speci$ that a trigger will occur on the rising or falling edgeof the input specifiedasthe clock, when the patternis presentor not present.Setuptime for the patternwith respectto the clockis 10ns or lessand hold time is zero. Delayed Trigger Event-DelayedMods The trigger can be qualilied by an edge,pattern, time qualihed pattern, or state. The delay can be speciliedasa number of occurrencesof a rising or falling edgeof any of the three inputs. After the delay,an occurrences;3 dsing or faling edgeof anyof the three inputs will generatethe trigger. The trigger occurrencevalueis selectablefrom 1 to 16,CX[,000.The maximumedgecounting rate is 70 MHz Time-DelayedMode: The trigger can be qualified by an edge,pattern, or state.The delayis selectablefrom 30 ns to 160ms. {1ftst the delay,an occurrenceof a rising or falling edgeof any of the three inputs will generatethe trigger. The tri8ger occurrencevalueis selectablefrom 1 to 16,000,000. The maximumedgecountingrate is 70 MHz. HP 54510A Front-Panel Relerence GeneralInformation B-9 TV Tdgger ffillzt SE Lines: Trigger souroeis selectedto be any one of the three inputs. Trigger level is adjustablefor the selectedtrigger aouroe.Polarity is selectedfor positive or negativeqnchronizing pulsas. A trigger oocurs on the selectedline and field of.aZ,lI interlaced compositevideo signal. Line numberingis I to 263for field 1 and 1 to ?62 for freld 2. This TV trigger mode is compatiblewith broadcaststandardM. S0llz | 625Lines: Semeas60 Hz | 5E lines exceptthat line numberingis 1 to 31!i for field 1 and 314to 625for field 2. This TV trigger mode is so-patible with broadcaststandardsB, C, D, G, H, I, K K1, L, and N. User-DelinedMode Sourceis selectedto be anyone of the threeinputs. Trigger level is adjustablefor the selectedsource. The trigger is qualified with a high or low pulsethat meetsa selectabletime range.The trigger is an occutrenceof a rising or falling edgeof the sourceafter the qualifying pulse. The dps ssttingsfor the qualifier are selectablefrom 20 ns to 160 ms. The trigger occurrencevalueis selectablefrom 1 to 16,000,0(X). NOTE: All W triger modesreqtire a clampedvidcosignatfor stabte trigeing. UsetheHP ll3iA WMdeo SyncPod to provide clanped video outputthat can be usedin conjunctionwith theHP 54510A\ wtrigenng capabilities. Trigger Holdoff: Trigger can be held off either by tine or eventsover the ranges: o . time: 40 ns - 320ms events:2-16,fi)0,000 An eventis definedasthe specifiedtriggercondition. A separateholdoff setting(time or events)is availablefor eachtrigger mode exceptdelayed trigger, which is set to 40 ns. Noise RejectTriggen Providesimproved triggering on noisysignalsby increasingtrigger hysteresis(internal trigger only). GeneralInformation B-10 HP5/r510A Front-PanelReference Disphy Data Dlsptay Rcsoludon: 451points ho'rizontallyby256points verticaly. Number of Scrccns: 1 or 2 screenscanbe scleaed. This can provide overlappingchannelsor nemories for comparison,or separatedisplap on a split viewingarea. Display Modes Graticules: The usermay choosefull gna, axes,frame, or no graticule. Connect-the-Ilots: Providesa continuousdisplay,connectingthe sample points with straightlines. Connea-he4ots's operativefor modesin which a single-ralued waveformcan be connected,including average, envelope,single,and minimrrrn-slsistencemodes. Connect-the4otsk not availablein the variablc or infinte persistencemode. Time BaseIn RepetitiveMode Averaging: The numberof averagescanbe specifiedin powersof 2, up to 2,(X8. On eachacquisitio4 Un times the new data is addedto (n-L)/n of the previousvalueat eachtine coordinate. Averagingoperates continuously,exceptfor the HP-IS digttizecommand for which averaging terminatesat the speciliednumber of averages. Envelope Providesa displayof tf,s prnning maximrm and minimum voltagelevelsat eachhorizontal time position. Minimum PersistencqOne waveformdatavalueis displayedin each horizontal time position of the display. The waveformis updated asnew data is acquiredfor a particular horizontal time position. VariablePersistencsThe tine that eachdatapoint is retainedon the display canbe varied from 5(X)ms to 10seconds,or the points can be displayedindefrnitley. HP 5/rS10A Front-PanelReference Generallnlormation B-11 fime Basein Realtime Mode SinglePersistenceOne waveformdata valueis displayedin each horizontal time position. The entire waveformis replacedwith eachnew acquisition. Infinite Persistene: Waveformdata is allowedto continuously accumulateon the scree& and remainsuntil displayis cleared. OversamplingFilten On time/divisi6nssltingswhen lessthan 5fi) points are acquired acrossthe screen(= 20 ns/div) a built-in digrtal frlter automaticallyreconstructsthe data. This filter is a conbination betweena (Sin X)/)( and a Gaussianfilter. Delta-t / Deha-V Markers: DuaI voltagemarkersand dual time markersare available. Voltage markerscan be independentlyassigned[e sfuannsls,memories,or functions. Waveform Math Two independentfunctionsare provided for waveformmath.The operatorsare +, - , X , vs,invenseonly, integrate,anddifferentiate.The verticd channelsor any of the waveformmemoriescan be usedas operandsfor waveformmath. Sensitivityand offset for thesefunctions can be adjustedindependently. Wavelorm Save The HP 545L0Acontainsfour non-volatilewaveformmemoriesand two volatilepixel memories.Waveformmemoriesstoresingle-valued waveforms,suchasan averagedwaveform. If an envelopewaveformis stored to a waveformmemory it will automaticallybe storedwith the upper waveformin one waveformmemoryand the lower waveformin another. Pixel memories store an entire screen of waveform data. They are useful for storing multiple overlappingwaveforms and infinite persistence waveformq. Automatic measurementsmay be performed on the four non-volatile waveform memories but not on the volatile pixel memories. GeneralInlormation B-12 HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference Automafic hlse Panmeter Measurtments:The I{P 54510Aoffen 17 automaticpulse parametermeasuremsntsfrom the front panel (shown below) and additional measurements via t*-fn including,a4 Ovenhut, andPreshoot The standardmeasurementsare performed with1;0Vo, 50Vo,and90Vovoltagethresholds,asdefined by IEEE standardlg+IVn, "IEEE StandardPulseTerms and Definitions." Automaticmeasunements availableon the HP5{510A: Ris€time Pu:se VЧdth+ Vo:ts amp V o l st ・a v 9 Preshooi Fa‖time Pu:se width― Voits base Vottsmax (HP-IBonly) Frequency Duty Q":e Vo!ts top Voltsmin OrsBhoot Period De:ay Voltsp-p VO:ts RMS dc (HP-IBonly) Voits RMS ac User-definable MelSurement Thresholds The HP 54510Aallowsyou to set your oumthresholdsfor automdtic measurepents.Both the upper and lower thresholdscrn be set from -EVo to LEVo,aslong asthe upperthresholdvalueis alwap greater than or equal to the lower threshold. The middle threshold is alwap equal to the mid-valuebetweenthe upper and lower threshold. ContinuousMeasurcments:Canbe turnedon or off. With continuous measurementsoff, the voltageand time markersare placedon the waveformto indicatewherethe lastmeasuementwastaken. Measurrement Statistics: The maximum,minimum,average,and most recentof continuouslyupdatedmeasurements are calculatedand displayed.Any threemeasurements canbe selectedfor simultaneous display. MeasurementLimit Test Maximumand minimumlimits canbe setfor anythreeof the front-panelautomaticmeasurements. Thesecontinuously are comparedto the maximumand minimum updatedmeasurements are found to be outsidethe deFrned limits. If the measurements limits,the waveformcanbe storedin a memoryor the screencanbe sentto a HP 54510A Front‐Pane:Reference GeneralInlormation B-13 hardcopydevice. In additioq the HP-IB ServiceRequestline canbe set to 0ag the controller. Measurementlimit test canbe set to stop after test limis havebeen exceede4or to continuetesting Setup A‖ ● Autoscals Pressingthe Autoscalebutton automaticallyadjuststhe vertical and horizontal deflection factorg andthe trigger level for a displayappropriate to the sifals applied to the inputs. The Autoscale feature requires a signalwith a duty cyclegreaterthan 057o and a frequencygreater then 50 Hz Autoscaleis operativeonly for relatively stableinput srgpals. Save/RecalhFour front panel setups(14) maybe savedin non-volatile memory. Recall Clean Pressingthe RECALL key followed by the CLEAR key resetsthe HP 54510Ato its factory default settings. Recall0: If Autoscale,ECL or TTL preset,or recall setupare inadvertentlyselected"recall 0 restoresthe instrumentto its last state prior to erroneousselection. Show: Displaln instrumentstatus,logludingvolts/div,'offset,and trigger condition. Hardcopy The CRT display,including menusand measurementanswers,can be transferreddirectly to an HP-IB raster graphicsprinter, including the HP 2254 ThinkJet, HP 22278 QwetJet,or other compatibleprinters. Hardcopyfrom HP graphicsplottersincludi'g the HP 7NA,HP 7470A, HP 7475A\and HP 7550Ais alsoavailable. Fu‖ HP‐:B Progmmmabi:lty GeneralInformation B-14 The HP 545104is fully programm2lle.Instrumentsettingsand operating modes,includingautomaticmq$urements,maybe remotelyprogra'nmed via HP-IB (IEEE488). HP-IB programmingcomplieswith IEEE 488.2-1988 "StandardCodes,Formats,Protocols,and Common Commands.n HP 54510A F『ont…Pane:Reference SequcntialSingle*hot Data Acqutstdonand llansfcr Rate Using the I{P-IB comnand lRaw Data" the HP 54510Acan automaticallycaptrne, store, and label a waraform; and re-arm the trigger; and then repeatthis pr(rce$ until the HP 5,4510A'sentire 150kRAM (volatile) is filled. Once the spccified numberofwaveformshavebeen capturedand store4 the HP 5+510Acan transfer the entire block of waveformsto the esernal computer. Userscan speci$ the number of poins to be stored and the number of waveformsto be captured. Repetition ratesvary dependingon record length and time basesetting (slower samplingrates). Seefigures below. SequentialSingle-shot ThroughputVersusSampleRate tl G$h Srtpb Rrt l (512 - Polnt Record Length) ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ “ ” [ り一 m ︱ ︱ ︱ ︲ ︲ ︲ ︲ ︲ I ︱ ︲ ︲ ︲ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ” [ U 一 ¨ ” ︱ ︲ ︲ ︱ ︱ ︲ ︲ ︲ ︲ ︲ ︲︲ ︲︲ ︲︲ ︲︱ ︱︱ ︱︱ ︱︱ ︲︲ ︲︲ ︲︲ ︲︱ ︱ 一 ︲ 麺 [︲ ︱︱︱︱︲︲︲︱︱︱︲=り ” ︲ ︲ ︲ ︲︱ ︱︱ ︱︱ ︱︱ ︱︱ ︱︲ ︲︲ ︲︱ ︱︱ ︲︲ ︲︱ I ︲ ︲ ︲ ︲ 鰤 聞︲ “ ︲ ︲ ︱︱︲︲︲︲︲︱︲︲︱︱U一 ︲ I ︲ ︲ ︱ ︱ ︲ ︲ ︲ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︱ ” 同 = 同 U一 ” ︲ ︲ ︲ ︲ ︱ ︱ ︱ ︲ ︲ ︲ ︲ ︲ ︲ “ ロ ︼ 一 ︲ ﹁ [ ︺ “ ︲ “ ″ 一 ︼ ” ″ ﹄ e c ぉ θ a 一 p S , ︲ r 。 “曰 e n f n f a u B ”国 ︺ い e ︲ b a l “日 ︲ a V A ︱ ︱︱ I 饉同︱︱ U ︱︱︱ “ HP 54510A Front-Panel Relerence GeneralInlormation B-15 Ihta Tlansfer Rate Approximate[ m kBytesper second. kobe Compensatlon,ac Calibrator Output A 500Hz (approx.) square waveis provided for probe compensation.A probe-to-BNC adapteris usedto connectthe probe to the rear panel Probe CompensationBNC output. During instrument self-calibratioq this output is usedto provide other calibration sipals, asdescribedin the ServiceManual. This sameBNC connectoris usedfor trigger output. The utility menu allowsthe user to switchthe BNC from probe compensationand calibration sbals to a trigger output pulse. The rising edge,with amplitude from approxinately - 400mV to 0 V (when terminatedinto 50 Q), is synchronouswith systen trigger. The falling edgeof this pulse occursapproxinately at the end of holdoff. The rising edgeshouldbe usedasthe edgesynchronouswith trigger. dc Calibrator Output This output is usedfor vertical calibration of the HP 54510A"as describedin the ServiceManual. Product Support Buitt in Self-Testand Calibration Routines:Internalself-testcapabilities provide aX)Vo confrdencethe instrumentis operatingproperly. External testprocedues in the servicemanualprovideaL00Voconfidence. Self-calibrationroutines,alsoselectedthroughthe front panel"utiligr' menu,ensurethat the instrumentis operatingwith its greatestaccuracy and requireno externaltestequipment. Low Cost of Orvnership:The HP 54510Aincludesa standardthreeyear, return to HP warrantv. To minimizethe meantime to repair and calibrationtine, the HP 545104 wasdesignedwith only onemain assembly adjustmentper cbannel.In addition,Hewlett-Packard's boardexchangeprogramassureseconomical and timelyrepair of units,reducingthe costof ownership. Reliability: Estimatedmeantime betweenfailures(MTBF) for the HP 545104is 30,(X[ hours. MTBF is computedusingan instrunent usageof 2,000hoursper year. GenerafIntormation B-16 HP 5tl510A Front-Panel Reference Solutions: Hewlett-Packard'sSystemEngineeringOrganizationcanhelp you configurean HP-IB s,rstemand provide softr*'aresupportfor your application,developingsolutionsto rDeetyour measurementneeds. Contactyour HP Salesand Serviceofhce for more information. General Characteristics Environmental TemDerature Conditions Operating:0'C to + 55'C (32T to + 131T) Non-operating:- 4(PCto + 70"rC(- 4OT to + 158'D Humidity Operating: upto95Vo relative humidity (non-condensing) at +zCIt ( + 104'F) Non-operating: up to %)Vorclative humidiry at + 65'C ( + 149PF) Altitude Operating: up to 4,600meters (15,000ft) Non-operating: up to 15300 meters (50,000ft) Vibration Operating: Random vibration 5-500Hz, 10 minutes per axis,0.3 gfms. Non-operating: Random vibration 5-500 Ha L0 minutes per axis,2.41 grms.Resonant search5 to 500 Hz swept sine, 1 Octave/minute sweeprate, (0.759),5 minute resonant dwell at 4 resonancesper axis. HP 54510A Front‐Panel Reference GeneralInlormation B-17 PowerRequirements Voltags:n5f23o V ag - 2SVoto+l5Vo,8-61:IzPonen 350VAmaximum. Weight Ne&approximately10kg (221b). Shipping: approximately20 r{C(44 lb). Dimensions Refer to the outline drawingsbelow. 一 ︱ ‰L ――-422 3 (16 62 )_ ・卜 │・ │=召01 1 1 に Generallnlormation B-18 1 中 4 2 5 4 ( 1 6 7 5 ) ― ――――――――――●い │ ・ HP 54510A F『ont‐Panei Reference Index Automatic measurements,1-1,A-1 AutomaticTopBase,A-2 AUTOSCALE IGn 35 Available Accessories,2-\B-2 availableoptions,B-2 awaitingtrigger, U2, 63 axes,7-6 + width, A-4 - widtb, A-5 A AiD acquisition test, 12-6 abort Key, L2-6,L2-8,Lz-l! B blue key,39 accessoriesr 2-1 AccessoriesAvailable,B-2 AccessoriesSupplied,B-1 acquisition relationship to timebaseand samplerate,{2 acquisitionstatus,3-2 acquisitionTest, 12-6 acquisition,realtime, +4 acquisition,repetitive, 4-4 acquisitions,42 add to memoryKey, 10-4 addressed,l2-2 addressedmenu,L2-2 after fail Key, 11-8 Air Flow Requirements,2-7 Algorithms,A-1 alternatefunctionkey,3-9 Ntitude,2-2 atrig acqusitiontest,12-6 attenuationsubmenu,12-8 auto-trigger,3-2,6-3 HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference C cable,HP-IB connection,2-8 cal selectKey, 12-10 Calibration Procedure,12-12 calibrator protectioq 2-3 chan/memKey,9-3 Channelcoupling SHOW 3-6 CHANNEL Key, 5-t 12-8,Lz-tL ChannelMenrl 5-1 channeloffset,5-2 Channeloffset,SHOW,3{ Channelscaling,SHOW,3-6 channelselect,5-2 channelsensitivity,5-2 characteristics, generatB-17 characteristics,operating, 8-6 characteristics,performance,B-4 CLEAR DISPLAY Key,3-3 :ndex‐1 key (continued) FIIYE!'9 Function,9-2 Hardcopy,33 holdoff,63,G10, GI6,GB level (adjusVcentered),63 leveVpolarity,G28 line,628 Incal, g-g meas/measde?measlimit, 11-3 more,5-4 nonvoliatile,10-2 offVframelaxedgi{ 7-6 offset,94 offset,channef5-2 operand,9-3 operator,9-3 or if , LL-8 paper lengt\ 12-3 patterq 6-8 present,616 probe,54 quali$ os 6-20 RECALL,3-5 reference,4-3 repetitive/realtine, {-4 rms (ac,dc),11-3 SAVE,3.6 sensitivity,9-4 sensitiviry channe[ 5-2 set,11-8 key (continued) test,11-7 thresholdVmeasurementg 11-4 Time/Div,4-1 trigger on,GB TTI+ 5-5 Vertical Sensitivity,5-2 volatile,1G3 waveform/pixel 10-1 when,69, G15 vertical sensitivity,5-2 key featureg 1-1 Key-downpowerup,111 keyboardtest, 126 knob,18 -19 L leveladjustKey,6.3 leveVpolarityKey,G?8 line Key,628 Line Switcb,2-5 line voltage,selecting 2-4 LOCALKey,S3 loop Test, 12-6 Itrig acquisitiontest, 126 M sHow 3-6 single,3-3 slope,6-3 source,6-3,6-27 source(waveformsave),L0-2 StandardSelect(w), 6-27 . start cal, I2-8,12-II start test,1,2-6 statistics,11-3 store (waveform),10-2 lndex-4 MakingMeasurements, A-1 markers,8-1 markersafter autoscale,3-5 markers,time,8-3 Math functionoffset,SHOW,3-6 Math functionoperation,SHOW,16 Math functionscaling SHOW,3-6 measSub'menu 1.1-3 meas/meas def/measlimit Key, 11-3 HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference MeasueDefinq 11-4 Measuelimit, tt-7 measurementlimit rcst after autoscale,15 MeasurementSelection,11-2 MeasurementSetup,A-1 neasurementsafter autoscale,35 Memories,SHOW,35 nemorybar,4-5 menu chaanet 5-1 Menug 37 Menus sectioD,17 MiscellaneousTest, 126 morekey,5-4 N negativedelay,S3 noisereject Key, G3 nonvolatileKey, 1&2 nonvolatilememory 10-2 # ofscreens,T-5 nrneric kelpad 3-8 o offsetKey,5-2,94 offsetlevelfor ECL,5-5 offsetlevelfor TTL,5-5 Offset, hysteresis,triger c:.l,L2-L0 l/delta t,8-3 Operating Characteristics,8-6 OperatingEnvironment,2-2"B-Ll OperatorKey,9-3 OptionsAvailable,B-2 or if Key, 11-8 HP 54510A Front-Panel Relerence P panand zlnlm,$!2 penning4-l2 panning example;4-15 paper length Ytey,L2-3 panern Key, &8 Pattern Trtget Exercise,610 PerformanceCharacteristics,B-4 PerformanceSpecifications,B-3 period" A-5 persistenceafter autoscale,35 pixel Menr1 1G3 positive delay,43 power input 2-3 Power Requirements,2-3 power switd 2-3 presentIky,616 probe attenuatiog 54 probe attenuationfailure, 12.8 Probe attenuatioD,SHOW, 36 probe cal meu1l2-7 probe key,5-4 product description,1-1. a quali$on edge,6-2X pattern,6-21 state,6-2L qua[ryon Key,620 :ndex‐5 sctting after autoscalg 35 Setup,3-4 R SetupAids (opeeratingcharacteristics),B-14 SETUP section,34 shift key,39 ram test, 126 Shippingan instrument 2-2 range,610 SHOW display,&11 realtime acquisition,4-4 SHOWKey,3{ Realtime Mode (operatingcharacteristics),B-12 SINGLEKey,13 Rear PanelLayoug 2-3 singleshot RECALLO,}5 Real Time Mode,4-11 RECALL CLEAR, },5,3.11 singleshot RECALLKey,3-5 RepetitiveMode,48 refErenceKey,4-3 single-shot repetitive acquisition,4.4 exercise,4-8 Repetitive Bandwidt\ 1-1 single-shotin repetitive node, 4-8 Repetitive Mode (operatingcharacteristics),B-11 slopeafter autoscale,3-5 repetitive mode,single-shotexercise,4-8 slopeKey,63 repetitive/realtimeKey, 4-4 soft reset 3-5,311 reset,3-11 softkeys,110 risetime,A-5 source(trigget) lGy, G3, G/7 risetime measurements. A-1 souroe(waveformsave)Key, 1G2 rms (ac, dc) Key, 11-3 specifications,performance,B-3 romTest, 126 standard + widtb, A4 RUN/STOPKey,TZ-93 standard- width, A-5 running,3-2 StandardSelectKey (w),627 standard/userdefined Key, 11-4 start cal Y*y, L23, LZ-LIstart marker, 8-3 start tbstKey,L24 StateTrigger Exercise,616 samplerate stateTriggerMode, 615 relationshipto acquisitionand timebase,4-2 statisticsafter autoscale,3-5 SAVE Key,16 statisticsKey, 11-3 saveto Key, 11-8 statusmessage, 12 selectingline voltage,2-4 statusof acquisition"3-2 Self Cal menq 12-L0 stop marker, 8-3 selftestmenq 124 stoppedmode,33 sensitivity(CHANNEL menu),5-2 store (waveform)Key, 10-2 sensitivityKey,9-4 storingan instrument,2-2 servicemenu,12-11 B-1 suppliedaccessories, setKey, 11-8 s lndex-6 ltP 54510A Front-Panel Reference s*Eepspce4timddivisionfunction,4-1 SYSTEMCONTROLkep,S2 T I triggerpoint position abovememorybar, 45 talk only, 12-2 talk onlymenrq 12-2 Test acquisiiton,126 loop,12{ 1n nrL24 romo72.6 test IGy,11-7 threshol4 61 thresholds/measurements Key, 11-4 timeKey,l2-9 ti-e markers,8-3 t:rne null submeau,12-9 Tine/Div Key,4-1 timebaseacquisitiontest, U-6 TimebaseMenq 4-1 timebase5slting relationshipto sarnplerate and acquisition,42 Trig'd/auto Key, &3 trigger delay,6L,G2A edge,6-L-62 patterD,6-1,6-8 state,6-1,6-15 N,6-t,6-n trigger characteristics,8-6 triggeredgemodeafter autoscale,3-5 triggerlevel,6-1 trigger level after autoscale,3-5 triggerlevelfor ECI-,5-5 triggerlevelfor TTL,5-5 Triggerlevel,SHOW, 3-6 TriggerMenu,6-1 HP 54510A Front-Panel Reference Trigger Modcs (opcrating charatedstics),B{ trigger onYrrey,GB triger point in mcmorybar,4-5 Trigger sour@,SHOW,3{ trigger specifications,B-3 TTLIGy,5,5 TV Trigger (operatingcharacteristics),B-10 tv Trigger Exercise,629 tv Trigger Mode,6/7 U Unpacking the instnrneng 2-1 User-definableMeasurementThresholds, B-13 user-defined + width, A-5 UtilityMenrr' O-1 v V/divfor ECI.5-5 V/div for TTI.5-5 !amF,A6 VavgA{ Vbase,A{ vertical characteristicgB-4 vertical operatingcharacteristics,8-6 vertical position"5-2 Vertical Resolution,1-1 vertical sensitivityafter autoscale,3-5 Vertical SensitivityKey, 5-Z vertical specifications,B-3 vetical offset after autoscale.$5 Vmarker 1, &2 Vmarker2,8-2 Vma:gA-5 Vmin,A-5 volatile Key, 1.0-3 voltageselectormodule,2-3 Index‐7 Vpp, A-5 VrmsrA{ Vrms (ac), ,{6 Vrms (dc), A-6 Vtop,A{ w Waveforn Math (Operating Characteristics),B-12 WaveformMath Exercise,9-7 waveformmath functions,autoscale4 95 WaveformMath Menrr"9-1 waveformMenu, 10-2 WaveformSave(operating characteristics),B-12 WaveformSaveExercise,10-4 WaveformSaveMenq 10-1 waveform/pixelKey, 1Gl waveformlpixelmemorydisplayafter autoscale,3-5 Weight, B-18 whenentered"G9 when exite4 G9 whenKey (panern sriger mode),6-9 when Key (statetrigger mode), G15 whenpresent,G10 z 796,rning4.LZ zooming example,*lj HP 54"5tOA Front-Panel Relerence