Download R&S UPV-K9/-K91 Operating Manual

Operating Manual
UMTS/GSM Mobile Phone Tests
R&S UPV-K9
R&S UPV-K91
1402.0008.02
1402.0108.02
Version 3.0.3.56
Printed in Germany
Test & Measurement
1402.0043.12-07
1
Dear Customer,
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
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Contents
Contents
Safety Instructions
Support Center Address
1 Overview ................................................................................................. 7
2 Preparation and Start of the Application Software .................................. 8
Required Measuring Instruments and Accessories ........................... 8
Installing the Software ...................................................................... 11
Verification of the Installation ........................................................... 12
Test Setup ........................................................................................ 13
Starting the Application Software ..................................................... 14
Options (General settings) ............................................................... 18
Standard ..................................................................................... 18
Select standard at startup ........................................................... 18
Release ....................................................................................... 18
Select release at startup ............................................................. 18
Ear simulator ............................................................................... 19
Select ear simulator at startup .................................................... 19
Artificial mouth ............................................................................ 19
Select artificial mouth at startup .................................................. 19
System simulator ........................................................................ 19
Hands free settings ..................................................................... 19
Activation signal for distortion tests ............................................. 19
Show operator instructions ......................................................... 20
CMU remote control .................................................................... 20
CMU subsystem .......................................................................... 21
Noise Calibration Configuration .................................................. 21
Equalization method ......................................................... 22
Speaker configuration ....................................................... 23
Bandwidth and tolerance .................................................. 24
Ear Equalization ................................................................ 24
Speaker Distance Range .................................................. 25
Level Tolerance ................................................................ 25
Harmonic Distortion Limit ................................................. 26
Additional Delay Modification for Each Speaker ............... 26
Maximum Iteration Count for Equalization Steps ............. 26
Final Spectrum Check ...................................................... 27
Refinement of Total Spectrum Equalization ..................... 27
Minimizing Operator Interaction ........................................ 27
UPP Remote Control .................................................................. 28
Input Switcher ............................................................................. 28
Report settings ............................................................................ 28
Generate temporary export files ................................................. 28
Generate temporary image files.................................................. 28
Store results of further measurements ....................................... 29
Do not change scale for further meas......................................... 29
Store loaded curve data to results .............................................. 29
Enable remote control ................................................................. 29
3 Calibration ............................................................................................. 30
Calibration Devices .......................................................................... 30
Microphone Calibration .................................................................... 33
Calibration of Artificial Ear ................................................................ 34
Calibration of Ear Type 1 ............................................................ 34
Calibration of Ear Type 3.2 Low Leakage ................................... 34
Calibration of Ear Type 3.2 High Leakage .................................. 35
Calibration of Ear Type 3.3 ......................................................... 36
Calibration of Ear Type 3.4 ......................................................... 37
Calibration of Artificial Mouth for Handset Tests .............................. 38
P.50 Speech Spectrum Calibration .................................................. 39
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Contents
Calibration of CMU Speech Codec .................................................. 40
Calibration of CMW Speech Codec ................................................. 41
Calibration of Ambient Noise Field ................................................... 42
Calibration of Noise Field for “Speech Quality in Presence of
Background Noise” Test .................................................................. 44
Connections ................................................................................ 44
Establishing the remote control connection between UPV and
UPP ............................................................................................. 45
Prerequisites ............................................................................... 45
Configuration ............................................................................... 45
Starting and stopping the calibration process ............................. 45
Preparatory Measurements for Delay Measurement .................. 47
Measurement of Sound Pressure ..................................... 47
Measurement of Level Change at Microphone Amplifier
Output ............................................................................... 47
Measurement of Level Change at Reference Input .......... 48
Delay Measurement .................................................................... 48
Preparatory Measurements for Equalization ............................... 50
Noise Floor ....................................................................... 50
Frequency Response........................................................ 50
Total Harmonic Distortion ................................................. 51
Cabling Check .................................................................. 51
Equalization and Level Adjustment ............................................. 51
Level Adjustment .............................................................. 52
Equalization ...................................................................... 52
All Speaker Equalization ................................................... 53
4 Data Entry for Reporting........................................................................ 54
Operator ........................................................................................... 54
Test object ....................................................................................... 54
5 Measurements ...................................................................................... 55
General ............................................................................................ 55
Starting measurements .................................................................... 56
Functionality and control of the measurement macros .................... 57
Zooming ...................................................................................... 58
Changing the Scale of the Graph................................................ 58
Cursor ......................................................................................... 58
Data Point Size ........................................................................... 58
Entering a Comment ................................................................... 58
Storing a Hardcopy of the Graph ................................................ 59
Making Additional Measurements ............................................... 59
Storing and Loading Curves ....................................................... 59
Storing Curves as Limit Curves .................................................. 60
Deleting Additional Curves in the Measurement Graph .............. 60
Creating a Report ........................................................................ 60
Closing the Measurement Window ............................................. 60
Notes on Handset Measurements ................................................... 61
Applicability of Measurements and Equipment Depending on the
Release ............................................................................................ 61
Sending Frequency Response and Loudness Rating ...................... 61
Sending Frequency Response .................................................... 61
Sending Loudness Rating ........................................................... 61
Sending Tests using Artificial Voice according to ITU-T P.50
as Test Signal ............................................................................. 63
Receiving Frequency Response and Loudness Rating ................... 64
Receiving Frequency Response ................................................. 64
Receiving Loudness Rating ........................................................ 65
Receiving Tests using Artificial Voice according to ITU-T P.50
or Single-Talk Speech according to ITU-T P.501 as Test
Signal .......................................................................................... 66
Sidetone Masking Rating (STMR) ................................................... 67
STMR Tests using Artificial Voice according to ITU-T P.50 or
Single-Talk Speech according to ITU-T P.501 as Test Signal.... 68
Sidetone Delay ................................................................................. 69
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Contents
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Roundtrip Delay................................................................................ 70
Echo Loss (TCLw) ........................................................................... 71
Stability Margin ................................................................................. 72
Stability Loss .................................................................................... 72
Echo Control Characteristics ........................................................... 74
Interpretation of the results: .............................................. 75
Sending Distortion ............................................................................ 76
Receiving Distortion ......................................................................... 79
Idle Channel Noise Sending ............................................................. 82
Idle Channel Noise Receiving .......................................................... 83
Ambient Noise Rejection .................................................................. 85
Speech Quality in Presence of Ambient Noise ................................ 86
Setup ........................................................................................... 86
Connections ................................................................................ 87
Prerequisites ............................................................................... 87
Measurement .............................................................................. 87
ANR Tests using Artificial Voice according to ITU-T P.50 as
Test Signal .................................................................................. 88
Notes on Hands-Free Measurements .............................................. 89
General Remarks ............................................................................. 89
Test Setup ........................................................................................ 89
Acoustic Calibration for Hands Free Tests ...................................... 91
“Utilites” Measurements ................................................................... 92
Sidetone Distortion ........................................................................... 92
Gain Variation Tests......................................................................... 93
Delay Measurements ....................................................................... 93
Background Noise Measurements ................................................... 94
Customizing Measurements.................................................................. 96
Editing Parameters........................................................................... 97
Editing Limit Curves ......................................................................... 97
Measurements with electric connections .............................................. 99
Introduction ...................................................................................... 99
Calibration values for electric connections ....................................... 99
Electric connection replacing artificial ear ................................... 99
Electric connection replacing artificial mouth .............................. 99
Electric connection replacing encoder ........................................ 99
Electric connection replacing decoder ........................................ 99
Performing the measurements ...................................................... 100
Automatic Test Sequences ................................................................. 101
Creating and Editing a Sequence .................................................. 101
Remote Control of R&S CMU200 within a Sequence .................... 102
Opening an Existing Sequence ...................................................... 103
Running a Sequence...................................................................... 103
Running a Single Measurement out of a Sequence ...................... 104
Reporting on Sequence Results .................................................... 104
Reporting, Storing, Loading and Deleting Results .............................. 105
Result Files .................................................................................... 105
Report Settings .............................................................................. 105
Generating a Single Report............................................................ 105
Generating a Sequence Report ..................................................... 106
Selection Report............................................................................. 106
Preview Window............................................................................. 106
Storing and Loading Curves ........................................................... 107
ASCII Result Files .......................................................................... 107
Deleting Results ............................................................................. 107
Remote Controlled Start of Testcases via GPIB ................................. 109
Preparations ................................................................................... 109
Starting a Measurement ................................................................. 109
Reading the Results ....................................................................... 109
Determining the Termination of a Measurement ........................... 111
Terminating the Application ................................................................. 112
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Contents
Appendix A Settings on the Radio Communication Tester R&S CMU200113
Settings for GSM: ........................................................................... 113
Settings for UMTS WCDMA FDD: ................................................. 117
Appendix B Troubleshooting .................................................................... 120
Error message 2908 during installation ......................................... 120
Damaged setup file is reported ...................................................... 120
Damaged results file is reported .................................................... 120
A test is not starting properly.......................................................... 120
A calibration value is missing or no device is selected for a
required calibration type ................................................................. 120
The receiving noise test produces an overrange error .................. 120
ARL for the sending distortion test cannot be adjusted ................. 121
A measurement using a custom limit curve produces an error ..... 121
Other problems of unknown reason ............................................... 121
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Basic Safety Instructions
Always read through and comply with the following safety instructions!
All plants and locations of the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies make every effort to keep the safety
standards of our products up to date and to offer our customers the highest possible degree of safety. Our
products and the auxiliary equipment they require are designed, built and tested in accordance with the
safety standards that apply in each case. Compliance with these standards is continuously monitored by
our quality assurance system. The product described here has been designed, built and tested in
accordance with the EC Certificate of Conformity and has left the manufacturer’s plant in a condition fully
complying with safety standards. To maintain this condition and to ensure safe operation, you must
observe all instructions and warnings provided in this manual. If you have any questions regarding these
safety instructions, the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies will be happy to answer them.
Furthermore, it is your responsibility to use the product in an appropriate manner. This product is designed
for use solely in industrial and laboratory environments or, if expressly permitted, also in the field and must
not be used in any way that may cause personal injury or property damage. You are responsible if the
product is used for any purpose other than its designated purpose or in disregard of the manufacturer's
instructions. The manufacturer shall assume no responsibility for such use of the product.
The product is used for its designated purpose if it is used in accordance with its product documentation
and within its performance limits (see data sheet, documentation, the following safety instructions). Using
the product requires technical skills and, in some cases, a basic knowledge of English. It is therefore
essential that only skilled and specialized staff or thoroughly trained personnel with the required skills be
allowed to use the product. If personal safety gear is required for using Rohde & Schwarz products, this
will be indicated at the appropriate place in the product documentation. Keep the basic safety instructions
and the product documentation in a safe place and pass them on to the subsequent users.
Observing the safety instructions will help prevent personal injury or damage of any kind caused by
dangerous situations. Therefore, carefully read through and adhere to the following safety instructions
before and when using the product. It is also absolutely essential to observe the additional safety
instructions on personal safety, for example, that appear in relevant parts of the product documentation. In
these safety instructions, the word "product" refers to all merchandise sold and distributed by the Rohde &
Schwarz group of companies, including instruments, systems and all accessories. For product-specific
information, see the data sheet and the product documentation.
Safety labels on products
The following safety labels are used on products to warn against risks and dangers.
Symbol
Meaning
Notice, general danger location
Symbol
Meaning
ON/OFF supply voltage
Observe product documentation
Caution when handling heavy equipment
Standby indication
Danger of electric shock
Direct current (DC)
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Basic Safety Instructions
Symbol
Meaning
Symbol
Meaning
Warning! Hot surface
Alternating current (AC)
Protective conductor terminal
Direct/alternating current (DC/AC)
Ground
Device fully protected by double (reinforced)
insulation
Ground terminal
EU labeling for batteries and accumulators
For additional information, see section "Waste
disposal/Environmental protection", item 1.
Be careful when handling electrostatic sensitive
devices
EU labeling for separate collection of electrical
and electronic devices
For additonal information, see section "Waste
disposal/Environmental protection", item 2.
Warning! Laser radiation
For additional information, see section
"Operation", item 7.
Signal words and their meaning
The following signal words are used in the product documentation in order to warn the reader about risks
and dangers.
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or
serious injury.
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or
serious injury.
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or
moderate injury.
Indicates information considered important, but not hazard-related, e.g.
messages relating to property damage.
In the product documentation, the word ATTENTION is used synonymously.
These signal words are in accordance with the standard definition for civil applications in the European
Economic Area. Definitions that deviate from the standard definition may also exist in other economic
areas or military applications. It is therefore essential to make sure that the signal words described here
are always used only in connection with the related product documentation and the related product. The
use of signal words in connection with unrelated products or documentation can result in misinterpretation
and in personal injury or material damage.
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Basic Safety Instructions
Operating states and operating positions
The product may be operated only under the operating conditions and in the positions specified by the
manufacturer, without the product's ventilation being obstructed. If the manufacturer's specifications are
not observed, this can result in electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or death. Applicable local
or national safety regulations and rules for the prevention of accidents must be observed in all work
performed.
1. Unless otherwise specified, the following requirements apply to Rohde & Schwarz products:
predefined operating position is always with the housing floor facing down, IP protection 2X, use only
indoors, max. operating altitude 2000 m above sea level, max. transport altitude 4500 m above sea
level. A tolerance of ±10 % shall apply to the nominal voltage and ±5 % to the nominal frequency,
overvoltage category 2, pollution severity 2.
2. Do not place the product on surfaces, vehicles, cabinets or tables that for reasons of weight or stability
are unsuitable for this purpose. Always follow the manufacturer's installation instructions when
installing the product and fastening it to objects or structures (e.g. walls and shelves). An installation
that is not carried out as described in the product documentation could result in personal injury or
even death.
3. Do not place the product on heat-generating devices such as radiators or fan heaters. The ambient
temperature must not exceed the maximum temperature specified in the product documentation or in
the data sheet. Product overheating can cause electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or
even death.
Electrical safety
If the information on electrical safety is not observed either at all or to the extent necessary, electric shock,
fire and/or serious personal injury or death may occur.
1. Prior to switching on the product, always ensure that the nominal voltage setting on the product
matches the nominal voltage of the AC supply network. If a different voltage is to be set, the power
fuse of the product may have to be changed accordingly.
2. In the case of products of safety class I with movable power cord and connector, operation is
permitted only on sockets with a protective conductor contact and protective conductor.
3. Intentionally breaking the protective conductor either in the feed line or in the product itself is not
permitted. Doing so can result in the danger of an electric shock from the product. If extension cords
or connector strips are implemented, they must be checked on a regular basis to ensure that they are
safe to use.
4. If there is no power switch for disconnecting the product from the AC supply network, or if the power
switch is not suitable for this purpose, use the plug of the connecting cable to disconnect the product
from the AC supply network. In such cases, always ensure that the power plug is easily reachable and
accessible at all times. For example, if the power plug is the disconnecting device, the length of the
connecting cable must not exceed 3 m. Functional or electronic switches are not suitable for providing
disconnection from the AC supply network. If products without power switches are integrated into
racks or systems, the disconnecting device must be provided at the system level.
5. Never use the product if the power cable is damaged. Check the power cables on a regular basis to
ensure that they are in proper operating condition. By taking appropriate safety measures and
carefully laying the power cable, ensure that the cable cannot be damaged and that no one can be
hurt by, for example, tripping over the cable or suffering an electric shock.
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Basic Safety Instructions
6. The product may be operated only from TN/TT supply networks fuse-protected with max. 16 A (higher
fuse only after consulting with the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies).
7. Do not insert the plug into sockets that are dusty or dirty. Insert the plug firmly and all the way into the
socket provided for this purpose. Otherwise, sparks that result in fire and/or injuries may occur.
8. Do not overload any sockets, extension cords or connector strips; doing so can cause fire or electric
shocks.
9. For measurements in circuits with voltages Vrms > 30 V, suitable measures (e.g. appropriate
measuring equipment, fuse protection, current limiting, electrical separation, insulation) should be
taken to avoid any hazards.
10. Ensure that the connections with information technology equipment, e.g. PCs or other industrial
computers, comply with the IEC60950-1/EN60950-1 or IEC61010-1/EN 61010-1 standards that apply
in each case.
11. Unless expressly permitted, never remove the cover or any part of the housing while the product is in
operation. Doing so will expose circuits and components and can lead to injuries, fire or damage to the
product.
12. If a product is to be permanently installed, the connection between the protective conductor terminal
on site and the product's protective conductor must be made first before any other connection is
made. The product may be installed and connected only by a licensed electrician.
13. For permanently installed equipment without built-in fuses, circuit breakers or similar protective
devices, the supply circuit must be fuse-protected in such a way that anyone who has access to the
product, as well as the product itself, is adequately protected from injury or damage.
14. Use suitable overvoltage protection to ensure that no overvoltage (such as that caused by a bolt of
lightning) can reach the product. Otherwise, the person operating the product will be exposed to the
danger of an electric shock.
15. Any object that is not designed to be placed in the openings of the housing must not be used for this
purpose. Doing so can cause short circuits inside the product and/or electric shocks, fire or injuries.
16. Unless specified otherwise, products are not liquid-proof (see also section "Operating states and
operating positions", item 1). Therefore, the equipment must be protected against penetration by
liquids. If the necessary precautions are not taken, the user may suffer electric shock or the product
itself may be damaged, which can also lead to personal injury.
17. Never use the product under conditions in which condensation has formed or can form in or on the
product, e.g. if the product has been moved from a cold to a warm environment. Penetration by water
increases the risk of electric shock.
18. Prior to cleaning the product, disconnect it completely from the power supply (e.g. AC supply network
or battery). Use a soft, non-linting cloth to clean the product. Never use chemical cleaning agents such
as alcohol, acetone or diluents for cellulose lacquers.
Operation
1. Operating the products requires special training and intense concentration. Make sure that persons
who use the products are physically, mentally and emotionally fit enough to do so; otherwise, injuries
or material damage may occur. It is the responsibility of the employer/operator to select suitable
personnel for operating the products.
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Basic Safety Instructions
2. Before you move or transport the product, read and observe the section titled "Transport".
3. As with all industrially manufactured goods, the use of substances that induce an allergic reaction
(allergens) such as nickel cannot be generally excluded. If you develop an allergic reaction (such as a
skin rash, frequent sneezing, red eyes or respiratory difficulties) when using a Rohde & Schwarz
product, consult a physician immediately to determine the cause and to prevent health problems or
stress.
4. Before you start processing the product mechanically and/or thermally, or before you take it apart, be
sure to read and pay special attention to the section titled "Waste disposal/Environmental protection",
item 1.
5. Depending on the function, certain products such as RF radio equipment can produce an elevated
level of electromagnetic radiation. Considering that unborn babies require increased protection,
pregnant women must be protected by appropriate measures. Persons with pacemakers may also be
exposed to risks from electromagnetic radiation. The employer/operator must evaluate workplaces
where there is a special risk of exposure to radiation and, if necessary, take measures to avert the
potential danger.
6. Should a fire occur, the product may release hazardous substances (gases, fluids, etc.) that can
cause health problems. Therefore, suitable measures must be taken, e.g. protective masks and
protective clothing must be worn.
7. Laser products are given warning labels that are standardized according to their laser class. Lasers
can cause biological harm due to the properties of their radiation and due to their extremely
concentrated electromagnetic power. If a laser product (e.g. a CD/DVD drive) is integrated into a
Rohde & Schwarz product, absolutely no other settings or functions may be used as described in the
product documentation. The objective is to prevent personal injury (e.g. due to laser beams).
8. EMC classes (in line with EN 55011/CISPR 11, and analogously with EN 55022/CISPR 22,
EN 55032/CISPR 32)
Class A equipment:
Equipment suitable for use in all environments except residential environments and environments
that are directly connected to a low-voltage supply network that supplies residential buildings
Note: Class A equipment is intended for use in an industrial environment. This equipment may
cause radio disturbances in residential environments, due to possible conducted as well as
radiated disturbances. In this case, the operator may be required to take appropriate measures to
eliminate these disturbances.
Class B equipment:
Equipment suitable for use in residential environments and environments that are directly
connected to a low-voltage supply network that supplies residential buildings
Repair and service
1. The product may be opened only by authorized, specially trained personnel. Before any work is
performed on the product or before the product is opened, it must be disconnected from the AC supply
network. Otherwise, personnel will be exposed to the risk of an electric shock.
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Basic Safety Instructions
2. Adjustments, replacement of parts, maintenance and repair may be performed only by electrical
experts authorized by Rohde & Schwarz. Only original parts may be used for replacing parts relevant
to safety (e.g. power switches, power transformers, fuses). A safety test must always be performed
after parts relevant to safety have been replaced (visual inspection, protective conductor test,
insulation resistance measurement, leakage current measurement, functional test). This helps ensure
the continued safety of the product.
Batteries and rechargeable batteries/cells
If the information regarding batteries and rechargeable batteries/cells is not observed either at all or to the
extent necessary, product users may be exposed to the risk of explosions, fire and/or serious personal
injury, and, in some cases, death. Batteries and rechargeable batteries with alkaline electrolytes (e.g.
lithium cells) must be handled in accordance with the EN 62133 standard.
1. Cells must not be taken apart or crushed.
2. Cells or batteries must not be exposed to heat or fire. Storage in direct sunlight must be avoided.
Keep cells and batteries clean and dry. Clean soiled connectors using a dry, clean cloth.
3. Cells or batteries must not be short-circuited. Cells or batteries must not be stored in a box or in a
drawer where they can short-circuit each other, or where they can be short-circuited by other
conductive materials. Cells and batteries must not be removed from their original packaging until they
are ready to be used.
4. Cells and batteries must not be exposed to any mechanical shocks that are stronger than permitted.
5. If a cell develops a leak, the fluid must not be allowed to come into contact with the skin or eyes. If
contact occurs, wash the affected area with plenty of water and seek medical aid.
6. Improperly replacing or charging cells or batteries that contain alkaline electrolytes (e.g. lithium cells)
can cause explosions. Replace cells or batteries only with the matching Rohde & Schwarz type (see
parts list) in order to ensure the safety of the product.
7. Cells and batteries must be recycled and kept separate from residual waste. Rechargeable batteries
and normal batteries that contain lead, mercury or cadmium are hazardous waste. Observe the
national regulations regarding waste disposal and recycling.
Transport
1. The product may be very heavy. Therefore, the product must be handled with care. In some cases,
the user may require a suitable means of lifting or moving the product (e.g. with a lift-truck) to avoid
back or other physical injuries.
2. Handles on the products are designed exclusively to enable personnel to transport the product. It is
therefore not permissible to use handles to fasten the product to or on transport equipment such as
cranes, fork lifts, wagons, etc. The user is responsible for securely fastening the products to or on the
means of transport or lifting. Observe the safety regulations of the manufacturer of the means of
transport or lifting. Noncompliance can result in personal injury or material damage.
3. If you use the product in a vehicle, it is the sole responsibility of the driver to drive the vehicle safely
and properly. The manufacturer assumes no responsibility for accidents or collisions. Never use the
product in a moving vehicle if doing so could distract the driver of the vehicle. Adequately secure the
product in the vehicle to prevent injuries or other damage in the event of an accident.
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Instrucciones de seguridad elementales
Waste disposal/Environmental protection
1. Specially marked equipment has a battery or accumulator that must not be disposed of with unsorted
municipal waste, but must be collected separately. It may only be disposed of at a suitable collection
point or via a Rohde & Schwarz customer service center.
2. Waste electrical and electronic equipment must not be disposed of with unsorted municipal waste, but
must be collected separately.
Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG has developed a disposal concept and takes full responsibility for
take-back obligations and disposal obligations for manufacturers within the EU. Contact your
Rohde & Schwarz customer service center for environmentally responsible disposal of the product.
3. If products or their components are mechanically and/or thermally processed in a manner that goes
beyond their intended use, hazardous substances (heavy-metal dust such as lead, beryllium, nickel)
may be released. For this reason, the product may only be disassembled by specially trained
personnel. Improper disassembly may be hazardous to your health. National waste disposal
regulations must be observed.
4. If handling the product releases hazardous substances or fuels that must be disposed of in a special
way, e.g. coolants or engine oils that must be replenished regularly, the safety instructions of the
manufacturer of the hazardous substances or fuels and the applicable regional waste disposal
regulations must be observed. Also observe the relevant safety instructions in the product
documentation. The improper disposal of hazardous substances or fuels can cause health problems
and lead to environmental damage.
For additional information about environmental protection, visit the Rohde & Schwarz website.
Instrucciones de seguridad elementales
¡Es imprescindible leer y cumplir las siguientes instrucciones e informaciones de seguridad!
El principio del grupo de empresas Rohde & Schwarz consiste en tener nuestros productos siempre al día
con los estándares de seguridad y de ofrecer a nuestros clientes el máximo grado de seguridad. Nuestros
productos y todos los equipos adicionales son siempre fabricados y examinados según las normas de
seguridad vigentes. Nuestro sistema de garantía de calidad controla constantemente que sean cumplidas
estas normas. El presente producto ha sido fabricado y examinado según el certificado de conformidad
de la UE y ha salido de nuestra planta en estado impecable según los estándares técnicos de seguridad.
Para poder preservar este estado y garantizar un funcionamiento libre de peligros, el usuario deberá
atenerse a todas las indicaciones, informaciones de seguridad y notas de alerta. El grupo de empresas
Rohde & Schwarz está siempre a su disposición en caso de que tengan preguntas referentes a estas
informaciones de seguridad.
Además queda en la responsabilidad del usuario utilizar el producto en la forma debida. Este producto
está destinado exclusivamente al uso en la industria y el laboratorio o, si ha sido expresamente
autorizado, para aplicaciones de campo y de ninguna manera deberá ser utilizado de modo que alguna
persona/cosa pueda sufrir daño. El uso del producto fuera de sus fines definidos o sin tener en cuenta las
instrucciones del fabricante queda en la responsabilidad del usuario. El fabricante no se hace en ninguna
forma responsable de consecuencias a causa del mal uso del producto.
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Instrucciones de seguridad elementales
Se parte del uso correcto del producto para los fines definidos si el producto es utilizado conforme a las
indicaciones de la correspondiente documentación del producto y dentro del margen de rendimiento
definido (ver hoja de datos, documentación, informaciones de seguridad que siguen). El uso del producto
hace necesarios conocimientos técnicos y ciertos conocimientos del idioma inglés. Por eso se debe tener
en cuenta que el producto solo pueda ser operado por personal especializado o personas instruidas en
profundidad con las capacidades correspondientes. Si fuera necesaria indumentaria de seguridad para el
uso de productos de Rohde & Schwarz, encontraría la información debida en la documentación del
producto en el capítulo correspondiente. Guarde bien las informaciones de seguridad elementales, así
como la documentación del producto, y entréguelas a usuarios posteriores.
Tener en cuenta las informaciones de seguridad sirve para evitar en lo posible lesiones o daños por
peligros de toda clase. Por eso es imprescindible leer detalladamente y comprender por completo las
siguientes informaciones de seguridad antes de usar el producto, y respetarlas durante el uso del
producto. Deberán tenerse en cuenta todas las demás informaciones de seguridad, como p. ej. las
referentes a la protección de personas, que encontrarán en el capítulo correspondiente de la
documentación del producto y que también son de obligado cumplimiento. En las presentes
informaciones de seguridad se recogen todos los objetos que distribuye el grupo de empresas
Rohde & Schwarz bajo la denominación de "producto", entre ellos también aparatos, instalaciones así
como toda clase de accesorios. Los datos específicos del producto figuran en la hoja de datos y en la
documentación del producto.
Señalización de seguridad de los productos
Las siguientes señales de seguridad se utilizan en los productos para advertir sobre riesgos y peligros.
Símbolo
Significado
Aviso: punto de peligro general
Observar la documentación del producto
Símbolo
Significado
Tensión de alimentación de PUESTA EN
MARCHA / PARADA
Atención en el manejo de dispositivos de peso
elevado
Indicación de estado de espera (standby)
Peligro de choque eléctrico
Corriente continua (DC)
Advertencia: superficie caliente
Corriente alterna (AC)
Conexión a conductor de protección
Corriente continua / Corriente alterna (DC/AC)
Conexión a tierra
El aparato está protegido en su totalidad por un
aislamiento doble (reforzado)
Conexión a masa
Distintivo de la UE para baterías y
acumuladores
Más información en la sección
"Eliminación/protección del medio ambiente",
punto 1.
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Instrucciones de seguridad elementales
Símbolo
Significado
Símbolo
Aviso: Cuidado en el manejo de dispositivos
sensibles a la electrostática (ESD)
Significado
Distintivo de la UE para la eliminación por
separado de dispositivos eléctricos y
electrónicos
Más información en la sección
"Eliminación/protección del medio ambiente",
punto 2.
Advertencia: rayo láser
Más información en la sección
"Funcionamiento", punto 7.
Palabras de señal y su significado
En la documentación del producto se utilizan las siguientes palabras de señal con el fin de advertir contra
riesgos y peligros.
Indica una situación de peligro que, si no se evita, causa lesiones
graves o incluso la muerte.
Indica una situación de peligro que, si no se evita, puede causar
lesiones graves o incluso la muerte.
Indica una situación de peligro que, si no se evita, puede causar
lesiones leves o moderadas.
Indica información que se considera importante, pero no en relación
con situaciones de peligro; p. ej., avisos sobre posibles daños
materiales.
En la documentación del producto se emplea de forma sinónima el
término CUIDADO.
Las palabras de señal corresponden a la definición habitual para aplicaciones civiles en el área
económica europea. Pueden existir definiciones diferentes a esta definición en otras áreas económicas o
en aplicaciones militares. Por eso se deberá tener en cuenta que las palabras de señal aquí descritas
sean utilizadas siempre solamente en combinación con la correspondiente documentación del producto y
solamente en combinación con el producto correspondiente. La utilización de las palabras de señal en
combinación con productos o documentaciones que no les correspondan puede llevar a interpretaciones
equivocadas y tener por consecuencia daños en personas u objetos.
Estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento
El producto solamente debe ser utilizado según lo indicado por el fabricante respecto a los estados
operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento sin que se obstruya la ventilación. Si no se siguen las
indicaciones del fabricante, pueden producirse choques eléctricos, incendios y/o lesiones graves con
posible consecuencia de muerte. En todos los trabajos deberán ser tenidas en cuenta las normas
nacionales y locales de seguridad del trabajo y de prevención de accidentes.
1171.0000.42 - 07
Page 9
Instrucciones de seguridad elementales
1. Si no se convino de otra manera, es para los productos Rohde & Schwarz válido lo que sigue:
como posición de funcionamiento se define por principio la posición con el suelo de la caja para
abajo, modo de protección IP 2X, uso solamente en estancias interiores, utilización hasta 2000 m
sobre el nivel del mar, transporte hasta 4500 m sobre el nivel del mar. Se aplicará una tolerancia de
±10 % sobre el voltaje nominal y de ±5 % sobre la frecuencia nominal. Categoría de sobrecarga
eléctrica 2, índice de suciedad 2.
2. No sitúe el producto encima de superficies, vehículos, estantes o mesas, que por sus características
de peso o de estabilidad no sean aptos para él. Siga siempre las instrucciones de instalación del
fabricante cuando instale y asegure el producto en objetos o estructuras (p. ej. paredes y estantes). Si
se realiza la instalación de modo distinto al indicado en la documentación del producto, se pueden
causar lesiones o, en determinadas circunstancias, incluso la muerte.
3. No ponga el producto sobre aparatos que generen calor (p. ej. radiadores o calefactores). La
temperatura ambiente no debe superar la temperatura máxima especificada en la documentación del
producto o en la hoja de datos. En caso de sobrecalentamiento del producto, pueden producirse
choques eléctricos, incendios y/o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte.
Seguridad eléctrica
Si no se siguen (o se siguen de modo insuficiente) las indicaciones del fabricante en cuanto a seguridad
eléctrica, pueden producirse choques eléctricos, incendios y/o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia
de muerte.
1. Antes de la puesta en marcha del producto se deberá comprobar siempre que la tensión
preseleccionada en el producto coincida con la de la red de alimentación eléctrica. Si es necesario
modificar el ajuste de tensión, también se deberán cambiar en caso dado los fusibles
correspondientes del producto.
2. Los productos de la clase de protección I con alimentación móvil y enchufe individual solamente
podrán enchufarse a tomas de corriente con contacto de seguridad y con conductor de protección
conectado.
3. Queda prohibida la interrupción intencionada del conductor de protección, tanto en la toma de
corriente como en el mismo producto. La interrupción puede tener como consecuencia el riesgo de
que el producto sea fuente de choques eléctricos. Si se utilizan cables alargadores o regletas de
enchufe, deberá garantizarse la realización de un examen regular de los mismos en cuanto a su
estado técnico de seguridad.
4. Si el producto no está equipado con un interruptor para desconectarlo de la red, o bien si el
interruptor existente no resulta apropiado para la desconexión de la red, el enchufe del cable de
conexión se deberá considerar como un dispositivo de desconexión.
El dispositivo de desconexión se debe poder alcanzar fácilmente y debe estar siempre bien accesible.
Si, p. ej., el enchufe de conexión a la red es el dispositivo de desconexión, la longitud del cable de
conexión no debe superar 3 m).
Los interruptores selectores o electrónicos no son aptos para el corte de la red eléctrica. Si se
integran productos sin interruptor en bastidores o instalaciones, se deberá colocar el interruptor en el
nivel de la instalación.
5. No utilice nunca el producto si está dañado el cable de conexión a red. Compruebe regularmente el
correcto estado de los cables de conexión a red. Asegúrese, mediante las medidas de protección y
de instalación adecuadas, de que el cable de conexión a red no pueda ser dañado o de que nadie
pueda ser dañado por él, p. ej. al tropezar o por un choque eléctrico.
1171.0000.42 - 07
Page 10
Instrucciones de seguridad elementales
6. Solamente está permitido el funcionamiento en redes de alimentación TN/TT aseguradas con fusibles
de 16 A como máximo (utilización de fusibles de mayor amperaje solo previa consulta con el grupo de
empresas Rohde & Schwarz).
7. Nunca conecte el enchufe en tomas de corriente sucias o llenas de polvo. Introduzca el enchufe por
completo y fuertemente en la toma de corriente. La no observación de estas medidas puede provocar
chispas, fuego y/o lesiones.
8. No sobrecargue las tomas de corriente, los cables alargadores o las regletas de enchufe ya que esto
podría causar fuego o choques eléctricos.
9. En las mediciones en circuitos de corriente con una tensión Ueff > 30 V se deberán tomar las medidas
apropiadas para impedir cualquier peligro (p. ej. medios de medición adecuados, seguros, limitación
de tensión, corte protector, aislamiento etc.).
10. Para la conexión con dispositivos informáticos como un PC o un ordenador industrial, debe
comprobarse que éstos cumplan los estándares IEC60950-1/EN60950-1 o IEC61010-1/EN 61010-1
válidos en cada caso.
11. A menos que esté permitido expresamente, no retire nunca la tapa ni componentes de la carcasa
mientras el producto esté en servicio. Esto pone a descubierto los cables y componentes eléctricos y
puede causar lesiones, fuego o daños en el producto.
12. Si un producto se instala en un lugar fijo, se deberá primero conectar el conductor de protección fijo
con el conductor de protección del producto antes de hacer cualquier otra conexión. La instalación y
la conexión deberán ser efectuadas por un electricista especializado.
13. En el caso de dispositivos fijos que no estén provistos de fusibles, interruptor automático ni otros
mecanismos de seguridad similares, el circuito de alimentación debe estar protegido de modo que
todas las personas que puedan acceder al producto, así como el producto mismo, estén a salvo de
posibles daños.
14. Todo producto debe estar protegido contra sobretensión (debida p. ej. a una caída del rayo) mediante
los correspondientes sistemas de protección. Si no, el personal que lo utilice quedará expuesto al
peligro de choque eléctrico.
15. No debe introducirse en los orificios de la caja del aparato ningún objeto que no esté destinado a ello.
Esto puede producir cortocircuitos en el producto y/o puede causar choques eléctricos, fuego o
lesiones.
16. Salvo indicación contraria, los productos no están impermeabilizados (ver también el capítulo
"Estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento", punto 1). Por eso es necesario tomar las
medidas necesarias para evitar la entrada de líquidos. En caso contrario, existe peligro de choque
eléctrico para el usuario o de daños en el producto, que también pueden redundar en peligro para las
personas.
17. No utilice el producto en condiciones en las que pueda producirse o ya se hayan producido
condensaciones sobre el producto o en el interior de éste, como p. ej. al desplazarlo de un lugar frío a
otro caliente. La entrada de agua aumenta el riesgo de choque eléctrico.
18. Antes de la limpieza, desconecte por completo el producto de la alimentación de tensión (p. ej. red de
alimentación o batería). Realice la limpieza de los aparatos con un paño suave, que no se deshilache.
No utilice bajo ningún concepto productos de limpieza químicos como alcohol, acetona o diluyentes
para lacas nitrocelulósicas.
1171.0000.42 - 07
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Instrucciones de seguridad elementales
Funcionamiento
1. El uso del producto requiere instrucciones especiales y una alta concentración durante el manejo.
Debe asegurarse que las personas que manejen el producto estén a la altura de los requerimientos
necesarios en cuanto a aptitudes físicas, psíquicas y emocionales, ya que de otra manera no se
pueden excluir lesiones o daños de objetos. El empresario u operador es responsable de seleccionar
el personal usuario apto para el manejo del producto.
2. Antes de desplazar o transportar el producto, lea y tenga en cuenta el capítulo "Transporte".
3. Como con todo producto de fabricación industrial no puede quedar excluida en general la posibilidad
de que se produzcan alergias provocadas por algunos materiales empleados Slos llamados
alérgenos (p. ej. el níquel)S. Si durante el manejo de productos Rohde & Schwarz se producen
reacciones alérgicas, como p. ej. irritaciones cutáneas, estornudos continuos, enrojecimiento de la
conjuntiva o dificultades respiratorias, debe avisarse inmediatamente a un médico para investigar las
causas y evitar cualquier molestia o daño a la salud.
4. Antes de la manipulación mecánica y/o térmica o el desmontaje del producto, debe tenerse en cuenta
imprescindiblemente el capítulo "Eliminación/protección del medio ambiente", punto 1.
5. Ciertos productos, como p. ej. las instalaciones de radiocomunicación RF, pueden a causa de su
función natural, emitir una radiación electromagnética aumentada. Deben tomarse todas las medidas
necesarias para la protección de las mujeres embarazadas. También las personas con marcapasos
pueden correr peligro a causa de la radiación electromagnética. El empresario/operador tiene la
obligación de evaluar y señalizar las áreas de trabajo en las que exista un riesgo elevado de
exposición a radiaciones.
6. Tenga en cuenta que en caso de incendio pueden desprenderse del producto sustancias tóxicas
(gases, líquidos etc.) que pueden generar daños a la salud. Por eso, en caso de incendio deben
usarse medidas adecuadas, como p. ej. máscaras antigás e indumentaria de protección.
7. Los productos con láser están provistos de indicaciones de advertencia normalizadas en función de la
clase de láser del que se trate. Los rayos láser pueden provocar daños de tipo biológico a causa de
las propiedades de su radiación y debido a su concentración extrema de potencia electromagnética.
En caso de que un producto Rohde & Schwarz contenga un producto láser (p. ej. un lector de
CD/DVD), no debe usarse ninguna otra configuración o función aparte de las descritas en la
documentación del producto, a fin de evitar lesiones (p. ej. debidas a irradiación láser).
8. Clases de compatibilidad electromagnética (conforme a EN 55011 / CISPR 11; y en analogía con EN
55022 / CISPR 22, EN 55032 / CISPR 32)
Aparato de clase A:
Aparato adecuado para su uso en todos los entornos excepto en los residenciales y en aquellos
conectados directamente a una red de distribución de baja tensión que suministra corriente a
edificios residenciales.
Nota: Los aparatos de clase A están destinados al uso en entornos industriales. Estos aparatos
pueden causar perturbaciones radioeléctricas en entornos residenciales debido a posibles
perturbaciones guiadas o radiadas. En este caso, se le podrá solicitar al operador que tome las
medidas adecuadas para eliminar estas perturbaciones.
Aparato de clase B:
Aparato adecuado para su uso en entornos residenciales, así como en aquellos conectados
directamente a una red de distribución de baja tensión que suministra corriente a edificios
residenciales.
1171.0000.42 - 07
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Instrucciones de seguridad elementales
Reparación y mantenimiento
1. El producto solamente debe ser abierto por personal especializado con autorización para ello. Antes
de manipular el producto o abrirlo, es obligatorio desconectarlo de la tensión de alimentación, para
evitar toda posibilidad de choque eléctrico.
2. El ajuste, el cambio de partes, el mantenimiento y la reparación deberán ser efectuadas solamente
por electricistas autorizados por Rohde & Schwarz. Si se reponen partes con importancia para los
aspectos de seguridad (p. ej. el enchufe, los transformadores o los fusibles), solamente podrán ser
sustituidos por partes originales. Después de cada cambio de partes relevantes para la seguridad
deberá realizarse un control de seguridad (control a primera vista, control del conductor de
protección, medición de resistencia de aislamiento, medición de la corriente de fuga, control de
funcionamiento). Con esto queda garantizada la seguridad del producto.
Baterías y acumuladores o celdas
Si no se siguen (o se siguen de modo insuficiente) las indicaciones en cuanto a las baterías y
acumuladores o celdas, pueden producirse explosiones, incendios y/o lesiones graves con posible
consecuencia de muerte. El manejo de baterías y acumuladores con electrolitos alcalinos (p. ej. celdas de
litio) debe seguir el estándar EN 62133.
1. No deben desmontarse, abrirse ni triturarse las celdas.
2. Las celdas o baterías no deben someterse a calor ni fuego. Debe evitarse el almacenamiento a la luz
directa del sol. Las celdas y baterías deben mantenerse limpias y secas. Limpiar las conexiones
sucias con un paño seco y limpio.
3. Las celdas o baterías no deben cortocircuitarse. Es peligroso almacenar las celdas o baterías en
estuches o cajones en cuyo interior puedan cortocircuitarse por contacto recíproco o por contacto con
otros materiales conductores. No deben extraerse las celdas o baterías de sus embalajes originales
hasta el momento en que vayan a utilizarse.
4. Las celdas o baterías no deben someterse a impactos mecánicos fuertes indebidos.
5. En caso de falta de estanqueidad de una celda, el líquido vertido no debe entrar en contacto con la
piel ni los ojos. Si se produce contacto, lavar con agua abundante la zona afectada y avisar a un
médico.
6. En caso de cambio o recarga inadecuados, las celdas o baterías que contienen electrolitos alcalinos
(p. ej. las celdas de litio) pueden explotar. Para garantizar la seguridad del producto, las celdas o
baterías solo deben ser sustituidas por el tipo Rohde & Schwarz correspondiente (ver lista de
recambios).
7. Las baterías y celdas deben reciclarse y no deben tirarse a la basura doméstica. Las baterías o
acumuladores que contienen plomo, mercurio o cadmio deben tratarse como residuos especiales.
Respete en esta relación las normas nacionales de eliminación y reciclaje.
Transporte
1. El producto puede tener un peso elevado. Por eso es necesario desplazarlo o transportarlo con
precaución y, si es necesario, usando un sistema de elevación adecuado (p. ej. una carretilla
elevadora), a fin de evitar lesiones en la espalda u otros daños personales.
1171.0000.42 - 07
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Instrucciones de seguridad elementales
2. Las asas instaladas en los productos sirven solamente de ayuda para el transporte del producto por
personas. Por eso no está permitido utilizar las asas para la sujeción en o sobre medios de transporte
como p. ej. grúas, carretillas elevadoras de horquilla, carros etc. Es responsabilidad suya fijar los
productos de manera segura a los medios de transporte o elevación. Para evitar daños personales o
daños en el producto, siga las instrucciones de seguridad del fabricante del medio de transporte o
elevación utilizado.
3. Si se utiliza el producto dentro de un vehículo, recae de manera exclusiva en el conductor la
responsabilidad de conducir el vehículo de manera segura y adecuada. El fabricante no asumirá
ninguna responsabilidad por accidentes o colisiones. No utilice nunca el producto dentro de un
vehículo en movimiento si esto pudiera distraer al conductor. Asegure el producto dentro del vehículo
debidamente para evitar, en caso de un accidente, lesiones u otra clase de daños.
Eliminación/protección del medio ambiente
1. Los dispositivos marcados contienen una batería o un acumulador que no se debe desechar con los
residuos domésticos sin clasificar, sino que debe ser recogido por separado. La eliminación se debe
efectuar exclusivamente a través de un punto de recogida apropiado o del servicio de atención al
cliente de Rohde & Schwarz.
2. Los dispositivos eléctricos usados no se deben desechar con los residuos domésticos sin clasificar,
sino que deben ser recogidos por separado.
Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co.KG ha elaborado un concepto de eliminación de residuos y asume
plenamente los deberes de recogida y eliminación para los fabricantes dentro de la UE. Para
desechar el producto de manera respetuosa con el medio ambiente, diríjase a su servicio de atención
al cliente de Rohde & Schwarz.
3. Si se trabaja de manera mecánica y/o térmica cualquier producto o componente más allá del
funcionamiento previsto, pueden liberarse sustancias peligrosas (polvos con contenido de metales
pesados como p. ej. plomo, berilio o níquel). Por eso el producto solo debe ser desmontado por
personal especializado con formación adecuada. Un desmontaje inadecuado puede ocasionar daños
para la salud. Se deben tener en cuenta las directivas nacionales referentes a la eliminación de
residuos.
4. En caso de que durante el trato del producto se formen sustancias peligrosas o combustibles que
deban tratarse como residuos especiales (p. ej. refrigerantes o aceites de motor con intervalos de
cambio definidos), deben tenerse en cuenta las indicaciones de seguridad del fabricante de dichas
sustancias y las normas regionales de eliminación de residuos. Tenga en cuenta también en caso
necesario las indicaciones de seguridad especiales contenidas en la documentación del producto. La
eliminación incorrecta de sustancias peligrosas o combustibles puede causar daños a la salud o
daños al medio ambiente.
Se puede encontrar más información sobre la protección del medio ambiente en la página web de
Rohde & Schwarz.
1171.0000.42 - 07
Page 14
Certified Quality System
ISO 9001
Certified Environmental System
ISO 14001
Sehr geehrter Kunde,
Dear customer,
Cher client,
Sie haben sich für den Kauf
eines Rohde & Schwarz Produktes entschieden. Sie erhalten
damit ein nach modernsten Fertigungsmethoden hergestelltes
Produkt. Es wurde nach den
Regeln unserer Qualitäts- und
Umweltmanagementsysteme
entwickelt, gefertigt und geprüft.
Rohde & Schwarz ist unter anderem nach den Managementsystemen ISO 9001 und ISO 14001
zertifiziert.
You have decided to buy a
Rohde & Schwarz product. This
product has been manufactured
using the most advanced methods. It was developed, manufactured and tested in compliance
with our quality management
and environmental management systems. Rohde & Schwarz
has been certified, for example, according to the ISO 9001
and ISO 14001 management
systems.
Der Umwelt verpflichtet
Environmental commitment
Vous avez choisi d’acheter un
produit Rohde & Schwarz. Vous
disposez donc d’un produit
fabriqué d’après les méthodes
les plus avancées. Le développement, la fabrication et les
tests de ce produit ont été effectués selon nos systèmes de
management de qualité et de
management environnemental.
La société Rohde & Schwarz a
été homologuée, entre autres,
conformément aux systèmes
de management ISO 9001 et
ISO 14001.
❙❙ Energie-effiziente,
❙❙ Energy-efficient
RoHS-konforme Produkte
❙❙ Kontinuierliche
Weiterentwicklung nachhaltiger
­Umweltkonzepte
❙❙ ISO 14001-zertifiziertes
Umweltmanagementsystem
❙❙ Continuous
Engagement écologique
❙❙ Produits
à efficience
énergétique
❙❙ Amélioration continue de la
durabilité environnementale
❙❙ Système de management
environnemental certifié selon
ISO 14001
1171.0200.11 V 05.01
products
improvement in
environmental sustainability
❙❙ ISO 14001-certified
environmental management
system
ISO-Qualitaets-Zertifikat_1171-0200-11_A4.indd 1
28.09.2012 10:25:08
1171020011
Quality management
and environmental
management
Customer Support
Technical support – where and when you need it
For quick, expert help with any Rohde & Schwarz equipment, contact one of our Customer Support
Centers. A team of highly qualified engineers provides telephone support and will work with you to find a
solution to your query on any aspect of the operation, programming or applications of Rohde & Schwarz
equipment.
Up-to-date information and upgrades
To keep your instrument up-to-date and to be informed about new application notes related to your
instrument, please send an e-mail to the Customer Support Center stating your instrument and your wish.
We will take care that you will get the right information.
Europe, Africa, Middle East
Phone +49 89 4129 12345
[email protected]
North America
Phone 1-888-TEST-RSA (1-888-837-8772)
[email protected]
Latin America
Phone +1-410-910-7988
[email protected]
Asia/Pacific
Phone +65 65 13 04 88
[email protected]
China
Phone +86-800-810-8228 /
+86-400-650-5896
[email protected]
1171.0200.22-06.00
Acoustic Measurements on Mobile Phones
1 Overview
The acoustic transmission and reproduction quality of a mobile phone is
its most important characteristic in everyday use. Even the most visually
appealing design and wonderfully sophisticated operating concept are not
much use, when the user cannot or can hardly understand what is being
said at the other end.
Instruments and methods for measuring acoustic characteristics are therefore
essential tools for assessing the quality and suitability of a mobile phone.
These tests are based on standards for 3GPP mobile phones. The test
methods are stipulated in 3GPP TS 26.132 and the values to be attained in
3GPP TS 26.131.
As of release 4 of the GSM 51.010 standard (successor to GSM 11.10), even
GSM mobile phones may be tested to 3GPP TS 26.132.
®
®
The R&S UPV-K9 and R&S UPV-K91 options (UMTS/GSM Mobile Phone
®
Tests) of the Audio Analyzer R&S UPV, called herein below “UPV”, are now
available for measuring the acoustic characteristics of UMTS and GSM
mobile phones. The measurements are in line with 3GPP TS 26.131, TS
26.132 and TS 51.010 and have been validated by an independent test house
for conformance testing on UMTS and GSM mobile phones.
The current version of the software supports 3GPP TS 26.131 and TS 26.132
up to Release 11.
From version 2.3.1.47 of the software, a new “Release” menu is available
which allows to determine and start the test cases applicable to a given
combination of speech codec bandwidth, type of tested device (handset,
headset or handheld, desktop or vehicle-mounted handsfree) and release
number of the test specifications.
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Acoustic Measurements on Mobile Phones
2 Preparation and Start of the Application Software
Required Measuring Instruments and Accessories
The UPV audio analyzer with the options as described below is required for
the measurements.
The mobile phone under test is connected via the RF interface using
the Universal Digital Radio Communication Tester R&S CMU200, called
herein below R&S CMU200. This tester simulates a base station for the
mobile phone so that a call can be set up. For GSM, the R&S CMU200
must be equipped with the options R&S CMU-B21 (signalling unit),
R&S CMU-B52 (speech coder/decoder) and the appropriate software
options for the GSM band used. For WCDMA (UMTS), the option
R&S CMU-B69 is required. Wideband-AMR tests require option
R&S CMU-K46 for both GSM and/or WCDMA (UMTS).
Note:
The firmware version in the R&S CMU200 must be 5.04 or
higher.
Acoustic devices such as an artificial mouth, artificial ear and other
accessories are required for the measurements. The following
equipment from Brüel & Kjær or G.R.A.S. is normally used:
Table 1
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Equipment for mobile phone tests
Device
Description
Type (examples)
Telephone test head
(up to Release 8)
Device for fixing the DUT in the
prescribed position
B&K 4602B
Wideband ear simulator
(up to Release 8)
IEC 711 type occluded ear simulator
with adapters for connection to the
ear piece of the DUT
B&K 4195 (type 3.2)
Artificial mouth
(up to Release 8)
Special loudspeaker for simulation
of the mouth
B&K 4227 or
G.R.A.S. 44AB or
44AA (with power
amplifier)
Head and torso simulator
Head and torso simulator with
artificial ear (type 3.3) and artificial
mouth, may be used alternatively to
the abovementioned devices
B&K 4128D
Second (left) artificial ear
for head and torso
simulator
Required for handsfree tests and
adjustment of the background noise
field for “speech quality in presence
of ambient noise”
B&K 4159C
Handset fixture for Head
and Torso simulator
Required to position the handset on
the artificial head, and to apply a
defined force with the earpiece
against the pinna
B&K 4606
Measurement microphone
½” or ¼” measurement microphone
for measurement of artificial mouth
output during calibration. This
microphone can use the preamplifier
of the artificial ear type 3.2 if
existing. Use a ¼” measurement
microphone for calibration of the
HATS mouth.
B&K 4191 (free
field, may be used
for hands free tests),
B&K 4192 (pressure
field, may be used
with type 1 art. ear)
Acoustic calibrator
Sound level calibrator for calibrating
the measuring microphone
B&K 4231
Microphone power supply
Power supply and preamplifier for
the measuring microphone
B&K 2829, 5935L or
2690A0S2
or G.R.A.S. 12AD or
12AA
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Acoustic Measurements on Mobile Phones
Note:
With the amplifier set to 0 dB, the microphone power supply
B&K 2690A0S2 produces too much noise for measuring idle
noise and distortion. It is therefore advisable to set a gain of
20 dB.
From Release 9 of TS 26132, the use of the HATS is mandatory for
handset and headset measurements. From Release 10, only artificial
ear type 3.3 (anatomically shaped soft pinna) may be used.
A cable with a BNC connector and special small or angled banana
plugs is required for connecting the P.51 artificial mouth, as the space
between the mouth connectors and the LRGP test head (B&K 4602B) is
too small for common banana plugs.
The transformer supplied with option R&S UPV-K9 can only be used
with the MMS test signal. It must be connected between generator
output 1 of Audio Analyzer R&S UPV and the connector of the artificial
mouth. The transformer matches the impedance of the loudspeaker in
the artificial mouth to that of the generator output of the R&S UPV.
Without this transformer, the available power is too low for driving the
artificial mouth.
Alternatively, a power amplifier, preferably with a voltage gain of approx.
0 dB, can be connected between generator output and mouth instead of
the transformer. In this case, the gain set must be kept absolutely stable
after calibration. For tests using artificial voice according to ITU-T P.50
or real speech according to ITU-T P.501, a power amplifier is required.
It may also be required for high-level activation signals with high crest
factor.
A cable with male (analyzer) and female (generator) XLR connector is
supplied for connection to the "Speech" connector of the Digital Radio
Communication Tester R&S CMU200.
UPV Analyzer
1
5
Fig. 1
Generator
Assignment of 9-contact speech connector on CMU front
panel
This cable is configured for connection to link handler #1 in the
R&S CMU200. Depending on the CMU hardware, link handler #2 in the
R&S CMU200 can also be used for GSM; in this case, the supplied
adapter must be inserted between the cable and the speech connector
on the R&S CMU200.
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Acoustic Measurements on Mobile Phones
Note:
If the CODEC calibration fails, the adapter has most likely to
be inserted.
Note:
The R&S CMU200 connects pin 1 of the R&S UPV
generator output to the equipment grounding conductor of
the mains. If an external power amplifier is used, care must
be taken that the external power amplifier does not connect
R&S UPV generator output pin 2 to the equipment grounding
conductor of the mains. If available, a balanced connection
to the power amplifier should be preferred.
Attention: An external power amplifier should be switched on after the
R&S UPV-K9x program has been started, and switched off
before the program is ended. This prevents the artificial
mouth from undue power loading by setups which are
loaded external to the application.
Note:
An external USB keyboard and a mouse must be connected
to the R&S UPV.
Caution: R&S UPV-K9x does not support the use of headphones. Do
not connect headphones to the R&S UPV during mobile
phone tests. High level signals may be present at the
headphone connector.
The UPV audio analyzer must be equipped as follows:
• R&S UPV firmware version 3.3.4.822 or higher.
• License Key R&S UPV-K9 installed.
• License Key R&S UPV-K91 installed.
• For use of test signal according to ITU-T P.50 and distortion tests with
CSS or customer specific activation signal License Key R&S UPVK9101 or higher must be installed.
• For the use of requirements and test methods according to Release 10
of TS 26.131 and TS 26.132, License Key R&S UPV-K9102 must be
installed.
• For the use of requirements and test methods according to Release 11
of TS 26.131 and TS 26.132, License Key R&S UPV-K9103 must be
installed.
• License Key R&S UPV-K9102 includes R&S UPV-K9101
• License Key R&S UPV-K9103 includes R&S UPV-K9102 and R&S
UPV-K9101
• For testcases 7.11 and 8.11 of Release 11 (“echo control
characteristics”), option UPV-B3 (second analog generator) is required.
For testcases 7.12 and 8.12 of Release 11 (“speech quality in the presence
of ambient noise”) the following additional equipment and options are
required:
Description
Instrument Type
Ordering Number
R&S® UPV-K98
Background noise control software
acc. ETSI ES 202 396-1
1424.2003.02
Measurements using background
noise acc. ETSI TS 103 106 and
EG 202 396-3
1424.2203.02
R&S® UPV-K101
R&S® UPP200
Audio Analyzer two channels
1411.1003.02
®
Eight-channel generator
1411.2700.02
®
8-channel analog cable for
R&S®UPP-B8
1411.3206.02
R&S UPP-B8
R&S UP-Z8A
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Acoustic Measurements on Mobile Phones
The following equipment not supplied by Rohde & Schwarz is also required:
Device
Description
Type (examples)
2 Pairs of full-range
speakers
Frequency response at least
100 Hz to 10 kHz
Behringer Truth
B2031A
Subwoofer
Frequency response at least
40 Hz to 120 Hz
M-Audio SBX-10
5 Speaker cables
XLR male – XLR female
length approx. 10m
4 Speaker stands
The base plane of the speaker
should be adjustable such that the
tweeter of the speaker is at the
same height as the artificial ears of
the head-and-torso simulator. With
the B2031A speakers, the tweeter is
about 31 cm above the base. With
the Bruel & Kjaer HATS, the
entrance of the artificial ear is about
60 cm above the base.
Installing the Software
The application program requires license keys R&S UPV-K9 and R&S
UPV-K91 to be installed. The application program and the license keys
are installed together with license key R&S UPV-K9103 in the factory in
case a new R&S UPV is ordered together with these options. If the
options are ordered separately, the license keys as well as the
installation instructions are part of the delivery.
The program required and the associated files are in the folder “UPVK9x Software” on the installation CD supplied with the R&S UPV-K91
option. It is recommended to copy the files MCRInstaller.exe,
CRRuntime_12_3_mlb.exe, RsVisaTarget.msi, UPV-K9x_30356.msi,
Config.ini, dotnetfx35.exe and Settings.ini from the folder “UPV-K9x
Software” on the installation CD to drive D: on the R&S UPV hard disk
drive, e.g. to a folder named “D:\R&S Software\UPV-K9x\Version 3.0.3”.
Run the file “UPV-K9x_30356.msi” to start the installation. Follow the
instructions of the installer on the screen. If prompted to do so, also run
“dotnetfx35.exe”. Subsequently, run also “MCRInstaller.exe” and
“RsVisaTarget.msi”. MCRInstaller has to be launched in any case, even
if the software UPV-K9y for option R&S UPV-K92 or the previous
version 2.3.1.47 of R&S UPV-K9x is installed on the R&S UPV, as this
software requires a newer version of the Matlab runtime.
Attention:
Once installed, the R&S Visa must not be uninstalled.
To have full control over minimized windows, it is recommended to set
the windows taskbar to “Auto-hide”, on top of other windows. Right-click
on the Windows Start button and click “properties”.
Fig. 2
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Context menu for taskbar
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Acoustic Measurements on Mobile Phones
In the properties window, click tab “Taskbar” and activate “Auto-hide the
taskbar” and “Keep the taskbar on top of other windows”. Click “Apply”
and close the window.
Fig. 3
Properties window for taskbar
Verification of the Installation
After the installation, check the existence of the subfolder “UPV-K9x
Mobile Phone Tests” in “C:\Program Files\Rohde&Schwarz”. This
subfolder must contain 82 files plus 2 more subfolders.
If the software reports a missing key code at the first start, delete folder
“D:\3GPP” (if existing) and install the missing key code before starting
the software again.
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Acoustic Measurements on Mobile Phones
Test Setup
Fig. 4
Test setup and connection of external components
For measurements using artificial voice according to ITU-T P.50 or real
speech according to ITU-T P.501, for distortion tests using a composite
source signal (CSS) as activation signal and for delay tests with CSS as
test signal, the transformer supplied with option R&S UPV-K9 has to be
replaced by a (not supplied) external power amplifier. The power
amplifier should have a moderate but stable gain between 0 dB and 20
dB and a moderate maximum output power between 5 W and 20 W. It
is essential that the gain is not changed between mouth calibration and
sending tests.
3GPP TS 26.132 specifies binaural measurement for the test of
Handsfree (speakerphone) devices using a head-and torso simulator
(HATS). From Release 8, binaural measurement is also foreseen for
binaural headsets. The HATS 4128 supplied by Bruel & Kjaer offers an
optional left ear simulator 4159C for binaural measurements. The
second ear simulator has to be connected to R&S UPV analyzer input 2
for binaural receiving measurements. As this input is also used to
connect to the R&S CMU200 decoder output for sending
measurements, R&S 3GPP Mobile Phone Tests R&S UPV-K91 support
automatic control of an input switcher R&S UPZ. The connection for
automatic input switching is done as shown in Fig. 5.
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RS-232
Acoustic Measurements on Mobile Phones
Power Supply
Power Supply
Amplifier or
Transformer
RF Connection
Fig. 5
Test setup and connection of external components for
automatic switching
Starting the Application Software
After installation, the program can be started by double-clicking the Icon
“UPV-K9x Mobile Phone Tests” or by clicking “R&S UPV Applications 
UPV-K9x Mobile Phone Tests” in the “Programs” menu.
At the first start of the program, selection windows appear for the
standard according to which the measurements should be made, and
for the artificial ear and artificial mouth used.
Fig. 6
Query window for selection of applied standard
If “none” is selected in the standard selection window, all
measurements appear in the “Measurement” menu. If a standard is
selected, all measurements appear in the “Measurement” menu, but
compliant measurements are checked in the menu. If “Allow only
selected measurements” is checked, non-compliant measurements are
suppressed in the Measurement menu. “Non-standard handset” and
“non-standard hands free” select handset or hands-free tests,
respectively, which can be customized.
The next window is for selection of relevant measurements according to
tested device type, codec bandwidth, test signal and Release of the
3GPP standards TS 26.131 and TS 26.132. All test cases relevant for
the selected combination will be offered in the “Release” menu.
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Acoustic Measurements on Mobile Phones
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Fig. 7
Query window for the Release menu
Fig. 8
Query window for selection of artificial ear
15
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Acoustic Measurements on Mobile Phones
Fig. 9
Query window for selection of artificial mouth
When the checkbox “Do not show this dialog again” is checked, the
corresponding selection window will not appear at the program start in
future. However, the selection is still available in the “Options” menu
(see below). After the last of the four selection windows has been
closed, the main window of the R&S UPV-K9 opens.
Fig. 10
Main window
Initially the data grid in the centre of the screen which shows the result
overview is empty. The screenshot in Fig. 10 shows an example after a
number of measurements have been made.
By clicking with the right mouse button on the data grid, a context menu
opens which allows to create a report of a result marked by a solid
triangle in the respective row header, edit the comment for a marked
result, to delete the marked result or to export one of the curves in the
marked result graph to an ASCII format.
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Acoustic Measurements on Mobile Phones
Fig. 11
Context menu of the result data grid
Fig. 12 A triangle in the row header indicates a marked row
The “Report Selection” submenu allows to report on or delete a
selection of results which have been marked in the “Select” column of
the data grid. To select or unselect a result, click in the “Select” column
of the respective row. Selected rows show “XXXXX”, unselected rows
show “-------“ in this cell.
If the results have been sorted alphabetically according to one of the
columns by clicking on the respective column header, the chronological
order can be restored using the context menu item “Sort
Chronologically”.
Operating Concept
R&S 3GPP mobile phone tests consist of the main user interface
window which allows general settings, calibration routines, data
handling, automatic sequencing and reporting tools, and of test macros
for basic measurement types defined in the standards. Each
measurement type provides a set of parameters (R&S UPV setup files,
limits etc.) which are defined in separated measurement definition files,
one for each test case.
Attention: Do not attempt to modify files with extensions “set”, “sup”,
“xml”, “cal” “seq” or “mdf”, using a text editor. Any change
with a text editor may make the files unusable and cause
malfunction of the software.
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Acoustic Measurements on Mobile Phones
Options (General settings)
Fig. 13
Options menu
The “Options” menu in the main window allows changing a set of
general settings like ear type and mouth type used which are valid for all
or at least a plurality of the tests.
Standard
“Standard” allows selecting one of the available standards.
Measurements belonging to this standard will be checked in the
measurement menu. If “Allow only standard measurements” is checked,
it is not possible to start single measurements which do not belong to
the standard.
Select standard at startup
If “Select standard at startup” is checked, the selection window for the
standard is opened at each start of the program.
Release
“Release” opens the window to select type of tested device, codec
bandwidth, test signal and Release of 3GPP standards TS 26.131 and
26.132 to be applied. Any change in these settings will re-build the
“Release” menu with the applicable test cases.
Select release at startup
If “Select release at startup” is checked, the selection window for the
“Release” menu is opened at each start of the program.
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Acoustic Measurements on Mobile Phones
Ear simulator
“Ear simulator” allows selecting the type of ear simulator used. For
details on the handling of calibration data see section 4 “Calibration”
below.
Select ear simulator at startup
If “Select ear simulator at startup” is checked, the selection window for
the ear simulator is opened at each start of the program.
Artificial mouth
“Artificial mouth” allows selecting the type of artificial mouth used. For
details on the handling of calibration data see section 4 “Calibration”
below.
Select artificial mouth at startup
If “Select artificial mouth at startup” is checked, the selection window
for the artificial mouth is opened at each start of the program.
System simulator
“System simulator” allows selecting the type of system simulator used.
For details on the handling of calibration data see section 4 “Calibration”
below.
Hands free settings
“Hands free settings” allows selecting the acoustic instruments used
for hands free testing. It is possible to use an ITU-T P.51 artificial mouth
together with a free field microphone, a HATS with one artificial ear or a
HATS with two artificial ears. If two artificial ears are used, the decoder
has to be disconnected from analyzer input 2 and the second artificial
ear has to be connected to it for receiving measurements. Do not forget
to re-connect the decoder for any measurement in sending direction.
Activation signal for distortion tests
In the sub-menu to “Activation signal for distortion tests”, signals can be
imported to the test system. If more than one imported signal is
available, it is possible to choose one of them for actual use.
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Acoustic Measurements on Mobile Phones
Fig. 14 Window for import of activation signals
Use the “Browse” button to select a wave file which fulfills the conditions
shown on top of the window. The selected signal is analyzed and
checked for appropriateness. Note that a high crest factor of the signal
may overdrive the codec or artificial mouth. If “Equalize for Selected
Artificial Mouth” is activated, the file is immediately equalized for the
selected artificial mouth when the “Ok” button is clicked. Otherwise or
when the mouth calibration has been re-done or a different artificial
mouth has been selected in the meantime, the signal is equalized
automatically immediately before the sending distortion test starts.
If “Immediately select this activation signal” is checked, the signal is
selected for use when the “Ok” button is clicked.
Show operator instructions
If “Show operator instructions” is checked, instructions to the operator
are displayed in a window before the measurement starts. The operator
may be prompted to position the mobile in a defined way or to set the
volume to a certain setting.
CMU remote control
If it is intended to remote control a R&S CMU200 from a sequence of
this program, menu item “CMU remote control” can be used to select
the communication interface (GPIB or RS-232) and, if multiple devices
are found, to select one of them.
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Acoustic Measurements on Mobile Phones
Fig. 15 Window for import setting the CMU remote control
For remote control via RS-232, an external USB-to-serial converter has
to be connected and installed. For remote control via GPIB, the
R&S VISA has to be installed. The installer for the R&S VISA is
distributed with the Option R&S UPV-K91. For details of the remote
control see section 8 and the operation manuals of the R&S CMU200.
CMU subsystem
In “CMU subsystem”, one of the communication standards / GSM
frequency bands can be selected. This allows sequences to be run in
different GSM bands without changing the subsystem in every single
CMU control instance in the sequence.
Noise Calibration Configuration
In “Noise Calibration Configuration” parameters for the background
noise field used for the “Speech Quality in Presence of Ambient Noise”
test can be set.
Fig. 16 Window for configuring the background noise calibration
The configuration of the noise field calibration comprises
1. Choice of the calibration method
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Acoustic Measurements on Mobile Phones
2. Speaker configuration
3. Bandwidth and tolerance settings
4. Other settings
The configuration is saved in the settings of the UPV-K9x program, so
that it has to be done at least once and can then be re-used as long as
the speaker configuration and calibration methods do not need to be
changed. Section 3.4.3 may be skipped by a non-expert operator.
Equalization method
Three different equalization methods are available with different tradeoff between required measurement time and achieved accuracy:
1. Individual equalization and level alignment for each ambient
noise condition
The complete equalization procedure is repeated for each ambient
noise condition. This allows equalizing individual responses of each
noise condition and obtains best matching equalization results. The
required measurement time is the highest of all three alternatives and
requires at least eight hours.
Fig. 17
Setting for individual speaker equalization of each ambient
noise condition
2. Equalization using pink noise and individual level alignment for
each ambient noise condition
The room response is measured using stochastic pink noise. The
obtained equalization is used for all ambient noise conditions. The
stochastic nature of the pink noise ensures that the energy is distributed
evenly of the complete bandwidth. Required calibration time is about
three hours.
Fig. 18 Configuration of pink noise for speaker equalizations
The level of the pink noise can be chosen between 40 and 70 dBspl(A).
For obtaining a similar level as with the noise fields, it should be chosen
as 60 dBspl(A) or higher.
The pink noise duration (and averaging time for the measurement) can
be chosen between 10 s and 120 s. Recommended duration is 30 s
which equals the averaging time for equalization with real ambient noise
condition. An increased averaging time increases the accuracy in
particular at the low frequency end.
Alternative to the default pink noise file, a user-defined pink noise file
can be loaded. It must be located in the working directory (i.e.
“D:\3GPP”) and be at least 120 seconds long.
3. Equalization using a selected one of the ambient noise
conditions and individual level alignment for each ambient noise
condition
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Acoustic Measurements on Mobile Phones
This method determines the equalization using one of the available
ambient noise conditions as test signal. This equalization is then used
for all ambient noise conditions. Only the level is aligned individually for
each ambient noise condition. The measurement time is about 3 hours.
Fig. 19 Selection of ambient noise for the speaker equalization
As the result of this method depends on the spectral distribution of the
energy in the chosen noise condition, this method cannot be generally
recommended.
Speaker configuration
Currently only the following two configurations are supported:
1. Four full-range speakers without subwoofer
Fig. 20 Settings for using four speakers without subwoofer
2. Four full-range speakers with one subwoofer
Fig. 21 Settings for using four speakers with one subwoofer
The speakers have to be connected as follows:
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•
Full-range speaker front left:
UPP generator channel 3
•
Full-range speaker rear left:
UPP generator channel 4
•
Full-range speaker front right:
UPP generator channel 5
•
Full-range speaker rear right:
UPP generator channel 6
•
The subwoofer (if existing) can be connected to one of the
channels 7 … 9 according to the configuration setting.
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Acoustic Measurements on Mobile Phones
Bandwidth and tolerance
The permissible tolerance of the equalized spectrum is stipulated by the
standards to be ±3 dB and cannot be changed. For special cases it is,
however, possible to raise the lower end of the tolerance template if the
room has acoustic drawbacks (standing waves, structure-borne noise)
which cannot be improved with acoustic means.
Fig. 22 Bandwidth and tolerance settings
“Bandlimit low” limits the transmission frequency range of the speaker
setup by applying a highpass filter. This sets the lower end of the
equalized frequency range. It is recommended to suppress frequencies
below the 50 Hz third octave, which means to set the bandlimit low to
about 44.5 Hz. For other third octaves the recommended lower band
limit is fc / 1.122 with fc being the center frequency of the third octave.
The value of “Flatness start at” is automatically adapted to an increased
lower band limit if required.
“Bandlimit high” sets the upper frequency limit for the equalization.
The default value of 20,000 Hz should not be altered.
“Flatness starts at” sets the lower frequency limit for the tolerance
check. The standard ETSI EG 202 396-1 stipulates a value of 50 Hz.
“Flatness ends at” sets the upper frequency limit for the tolerance
check. The standard ETSI EG 202 396-1 stipulates a value of 10,000
Hz.
Ear Equalization
Combobox “Ear Equalization” allows to set the equalization for both
artificial ears to the equalization applied with the recording of the
ambient noise condition.
Fig. 23 Selection of ear equalization
Besides diffuse field equalisation (“DF”) and free field equalization
(“FF”), a so-called “independent of direction” (“ID”) equalization can be
applied. This equalization curve must be imported for each artificial ear
in use with menu item “Calibration → ID (Independent of Direction)
Equalization → ... ”.
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Acoustic Measurements on Mobile Phones
Fig. 24 Import of ID equalization data
An average ID equalization curve is provided with file
"ID_equalization.veq". Alternatively an individually determined curve can
be loaded.
If an equalization curve of the chosen type is missing for one of the
artificial ears in use, the calibration procedure is aborted with an
appropriate error message.
Speaker Distance Range
The following controls allow to specify a restricted range for the distance
between each speaker and the artificial ears of the HATS:
Fig. 25 Setting the range for the speaker distance
This allows to detect for example swapped ear connections, because
the delay from the speaker to the contra-lateral ear takes a detour over
wall reflections. The default values are appropriate for the room size
specified in standard ETSI EG 202 396-1.
The distance between full-range speakers and artificial ears is
determined by delay measurements. The distance between the
subwoofer and the HATS must be measured by the operator and
entered in the configuration window.
Level Tolerance
The control
Fig. 26 Control for maximum allowable level deviation
defines the maximum allowable tolerance for the level adjustment.
Higher accuracy usually requires more iteration steps (up to 5), and is
possibly not even adjustable with this maximum number of iterations. Is
the required tolerance not reached, the operator is prompted in a
message box whether to start more iterations or accept the tolerance. If
the adjustment process is to run automatically without operator
interaction, this message can be deactivated with checking tick box
“Accept single level deviation”.
Fig. 27 Deactivation of window prompting to accept a level tolerance
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Acoustic Measurements on Mobile Phones
Harmonic Distortion Limit
A violation of the harmonic distortion specified in “Max THD” can be a
sign for clipping in a speaker due to overrange.
Fig. 28 Entry of THD limit
If a speaker generally has higher distortion, this value can be increased.
If a THD value above the specified limit is detected, the operator has
the following options:
1. Reduce the gain settings in the speaker and repeat the
measurement.
2. Cancel the calibration process, reduce the setting in “Maximum
output level” and restart the calibration process.
Fig. 29 Entry of THD limit
3. Accept the observed THD value and continue without
modification of parameters.
Additional Delay Modification for Each Speaker
According to ETSI ES 202 396-1, in all test rooms each loudspeaker
signal should be delayed additionally with an individual value in order to
increase the diffusity of the noise field and avoid comb filter effects. The
operator can modify the individual delays which are added to the delays
determined in the delay measurement step. Maximum allowed value is
50 ms.
Fig. 30 Entry of additional speaker delay
It is also possible to disable the additional delay. Then only the delays
determined in the delay measurement step are applied.
Maximum Iteration Count for Equalization Steps
The following control can be used to set the number of iteration steps
for the equalization of individual speakers and of speaker pairs.
Fig. 31 Entry of maximum iteration count
Additional iteration steps improve the equalization accuracy on the cost
of increased measurement time. The iteration process continues until
either a flatness better than 1 dB is achieved or the maximum number
of iteration steps id reached.
More than three iteration steps cannot be expected to improve the
equalization significantly. Maximum input number is 5 iterations. A value
of 1 disables iteration altogether. In this case the equalization function is
calculated from the first measured frequency response.
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Final Spectrum Check
If the following tick box is activated, the equalization of all ambiences is
finally checked, and the flatness and absolute level difference is
determined.
Fig. 32 Checkbox for final equalization test of all ambient noise files
This measurement takes approximately 20 minutes and can also be
started after the calibration has been finalized.
The result of this check is stored in the database and appears in the
report of the calibration process. A “Fail” in a single ambience only has
influence on the total verdict if the ambiences had been chosen to be
equalized individually (see above).
Refinement of Total Spectrum Equalization
Activating the following tick box enables an algorithm which tries to
improve the result of the total equalization into a tolerance scheme of ±3
dB.
Fig. 33 Activating refinement of the total spectrum equalization
This is attempted by a re-equalization of single speakers. This algorithm
requires at least 1 hour in addition to the preceding adjustment process
and is not in all cases successful. Alternatively it is recommended to
optimize the speaker positioning in the room and re-run the adjustment
process
Minimizing Operator Interaction
After the initial plausibility check and delay measurements it is desirable
to run the calibration process without operator supervision. The settings
required for this must be made before starting the calibration process.
A “Fail” of the final check of the total equalization may be caused by an
unexpected background noise in the test room. In this case it is possible
to repeat the check to avoid an immediate fail.
The combo box “Action on final flatness deviation” allows the operator
to select the action to be taken in case of a failing final check of the total
equalization.
Fig. 34
Selection of the action performed if the final equalization
check fails
“Prompt” leads in case of a fail to a message box where the operator
can choose
1. to repeat the final check
2. to cancel the calibration process in order to improve the
acoustic properties of the speaker setup in the room, or
3. continue the measurement with this check being finally failed.
Choose “Retry once” or “Retry twice” for unattended operation.
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UPP Remote Control
This dialog allows to detect and connect a UPP with option UPP-B8 on
the LAN, to be used as playback system for the background noise
generation.
Fig. 35 Window for connecting to a UPP on the LAN
A click on the “find devices...” button searches the local area network
for audio analyzers and fills the combobox next to the button with the
computer names and IP addresses of the found devices. Select the
appropriate instrument in the combobox and click “Ok”.
Input Switcher
“Input Switcher” allows to configure the use of a R&S UPZ input
switcher connected to the R&S UPV RS-232 port, to switch analyzer
input 2 between sending tests and binaural receiving tests.
Fig. 36
Switcher window
Report settings
“Report settings” allows to define the type of information which should
appear in the reports. For details on reporting, see section 8 below.
Generate temporary export files
If “Generate temporary export files” is checked, some of the
measurement macros create “result.exp” with result value and verdict,
and, if applicable, “curve.exp” or “abscurve.exp” and “relcurve.exp” files
with curve data in ASCII format. This function is provided for
compatibility with R&S UPL-B9.
Generate temporary image files
Item “Generate temporary image files” causes the measurement
macros to store a screenshot of the measurement window after
completion of the test to a file “Image.TIF” for use by a remote
controlling host.
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Store results of further measurements
If “Store results of further measurements” is checked, curves and
calculated values like loudness ratings are also stored for additional
measurements started with the “Add Measurement” key. They will
appear in reports of the respective measurements.
Do not change scale for further meas.
Menu item “Do not change scale for further meas.” deactivates the
automatic Y-axis scaling if the curve of an additional measurement
leaves the plot area partially or totally.
Store loaded curve data to results
If “Store loaded curve data to results” is checked, curves loaded from
file with the “Load Curve” softkey are stored to the results database and
will appear in reports of the respective measurements.
Enable remote control
Menu item “Enable remote control” activates the interface of the
program for remote control using the client “ControlK9.exe”.
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3 Calibration
Calibration Devices
R&S UPV-K9 allows to simultaneously store calibration values for
multiple individuals of the same type. This allows to switch devices
without the requirement for re-calibration. However, regular recalibration is recommended in order to assure the correct function of
the used devices.
Fig. 37
Calibration menu
For every device to be calibrated, an entry must be created using
“Calibration  New device” in the main menu. This menu item opens
an entry window to specify the calibrated device. A category of device
must be chosen from the combo box on top. Type, manufacturer and
serial number are entered into the text boxes below. The entries are
confirmed by clicking on the “Save and close” button. If the box
“Immediately select this device” is checked, the device is selected for
immediate use with the “Save, select and close” button.
For ease of use, a “default” device is present and selected for each
device type (category) upon first start of the program.
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Fig. 38
Input window for information about calibrated device
Before a device can be calibrated or used, it must be selected. This can
be done from the “Calibrated Device” input window if the checkbox
“Immediately select this device” is checked. Existing devices may be
selected with “Calibration  Select device” in the main menu. Clicking
on this item opens a window with a table of all entered devices.
Fig. 39
Window for selection of calibrated devices
In the combo box lower left, a category of devices must be selected.
Subsequently the table is reduced to available devices in this category.
At first startup, there is only a “Default” device for each category, but
when more devices have been created with the “New device” function, a
choice will be available in this view. In this state a row in the table can
be marked with a mouse click on its left end. A mouse click on the
button “Select” selects this device for the associated usage.
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Fig. 40
Selection window for particular device type
Subsequently this procedure may be repeated for other categories.
Finally all selections are confirmed by clicking the “Ok” button.
A calibrated device may be deleted, using menu item “Calibration 
Delete device”. The device to be deleted must not be selected for use.
Another device of the same type must be selected before the device
can be deleted. Select the device to be deleted the same way as in the
preceding paragraph the device to be used. Note that all calibration
information is deleted for this device except result data required for
reporting previous test results.
All calibration data are stored on the R&S UPV hard disk and are
therefore automatically available again after every restart. The
calibration values for the R&S UPV-K91 option are stored independently
of other options. Calibration values for 3GPP tests and CDMA2000
tests are handled separately.
All calibration routines below require as pre-requisite that a device for
the respective usage has been generated and selected.
To simplify the procedure for the case that it is not intended to use
multiple devices of the same category nor to include information about
the used devices into a report, there is a “Default” device selected for
each device type or category after the first start of the program.
An overview of all selected calibration devices together with the
calibration values is given under the menu item “Calibration  Show
selected devices”.
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Microphone Calibration
 Insert the measuring microphone fully into the adapter of the
sound level calibrator and switch on the calibrator. A ½” adapter or
¼” adapter is required according to the microphone diameter.
Note:
After inserting the microphone, wait about 10 s to allow
for static pressure equalization.
 Call the test routine with “Calibration  Microphone  Free field”
or “Calibration  Microphone  Diffuse field” from the main
menu, depending on the microphone.
Fig. 41
Initial window of microphone calibration
For calibrators providing a sound pressure level of 114 dB (10 Pa), the
checkbox “Calibration level increased by 20 dB” must be checked. In all
other cases the checkbox must remain unchecked! If a calibrator with a
frequency other than 1000 Hz is used, make sure that the “Selective”
item in the Calibration menu is unchecked.
The output voltage of the microphone is measured and the sensitivity
displayed with reference to 1 Pa. If a mere power supply without gain is
used, the displayed sensitivity must approximately match the value in
the calibration certificate of the microphone cartridge (typical value for
microphone capsule 4134 of artificial ear 4185 is approx. 12 mV/Pa). If
a conditioning amplifier with 20 dB gain (recommended value) is used,
the displayed sensitivity must be about 10 times higher (e.g.
120 mV/Pa). If the voltage measured is below 3 mV, an error message
is displayed. Possible error sources are, for example, a switched-off
microphone power supply or a disabled calibrator. In this case, the
program requests that the test be repeated. After switching on the
microphone power supply, wait approx. 20 s before starting the
calibration again.
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Calibration of Artificial Ear
Prior to the measurements, the absolute sensitivity of the microphone in
the artificial ear must be determined using a sound level calibrator such
as the Brüel & Kjær 4231 with a sound pressure level of 94 dBSPL or a
sound pressure of 1 Pa at 1 kHz.
Calibration of Ear Type 1
 Switch off the microphone power supply.
Attention: The 200 V polarization voltage of the microphone may
cause a slight electric shock. The current is harmless, but
the microphone preamplifier may be damaged.
 Remove the microphone from the artificial ear.
 Screw back the microphone capsule and switch on the operating
voltage.
 Insert the microphone fully into the adapter of the sound level
calibrator and switch on the calibrator.
Note:
After inserting the microphone wait about 10 s to allow for
static pressure compensation.
 Select “Calibration  Artificial ear  Type 1” from the main
menu.
For calibrators providing a sound pressure level of 114 dB (10 Pa),
the checkbox “Calibration level increased by 20 dB” must be
checked. In all other cases the checkbox must remain unchecked!
The output voltage of the microphone is measured and the
sensitivity displayed with reference to 1 Pa. If a mere power supply
without gain is used, the displayed sensitivity must approximately
match the value in the calibration certificate of the microphone
cartridge (typical value for microphone capsule 4134 of artificial ear
4185 is approx. 12 mV/Pa). If a conditioning amplifier with 20 dB
gain (recommended value) is used, the displayed sensitivity must be
about 10 times higher (e.g. 120 mV/Pa). If the voltage measured is
below 3 mV or fluctuating by more than 0.2 dB, an error message is
displayed. Possible error sources are, for example, a switched-off
microphone power supply or a disabled calibrator. In this case, the
program requests that the test be repeated. After switching on the
microphone power supply, wait approx. 20 s before restarting the
calibration.
The reference value measured is stored in a file on the hard disk
and used for all subsequent measurements when the same artificial
ear type 1 is used as currently selected.
Calibration of Ear Type 3.2 Low Leakage
 Connect the sound level calibrator tightly to the artificial ear using
the adapter DP0939 and switch on the calibrator.
 Select “Calibration  Artificial ear  Type 3.2 Low Leak” from
the main menu.
For calibrators providing a sound pressure level of 114 dB (10 Pa),
the checkbox “Calibration level increased by 20 dB” must be
checked. In all other cases the checkbox must remain unchecked!
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The output voltage of the microphone in the ear is measured and the
sensitivity displayed with reference to 1 Pa. If the voltage measured
is below 3 mV or fluctuating by more than 0.2 dB, an error message
is displayed. Possible error sources are, for example, a switched-off
microphone power supply or a disabled calibrator. In this case, the
program requests that the test be repeated. After switching on the
microphone power supply, wait approx. 20 s before restarting the
calibration.
The measured reference value is stored in a file on the hard disk
and used for all subsequent measurements when the same ear type
3.2L is used as currently selected.
Reading the DRP-ERP Correction Data of the Artificial Ear of Type
3.2L:
The frequency response of the artificial ear of type 3.2L is supplied
on a floppy together with the artificial ear. The data is used for
transforming the measurement values from the drum reference point
to the ear reference point.
 Connect a USB floppy disk drive with the calibration disk to the
R&S UPV, copy the file “OES_LL.ADA” from the manufacturer’s
calibration disk to a USB stick or a CD-ROM or make this file available
on a network drive via LAN.
 Call the routine “Calibration  DRP to ERP Correction  Type 3.2 Low
leak”. Browse to the file “OES_LL.ADA” and click “Open”.
The calibration file is read. The modified data is stored on the
R&S UPV hard disk. This procedure needs only be repeated after a
change of the calibration data, e.g. after a recalibration of the ear by
the manufacturer, or when the “3GPP” directory has been renamed
or removed.
Calibration of Ear Type 3.2 High Leakage
 Connect the sound level calibrator tightly to the artificial ear using
the adapter DP0939 and switch on the calibrator.
 Select “Calibration  Artificial ear  Type 3.2 High Leak” from
the main menu.
For calibrators providing a sound pressure level of 114 dB (10 Pa),
the checkbox “Calibration level increased by 20 dB” must be
checked. In all other cases the checkbox must remain unchecked!
The output voltage of the microphone in the ear is measured and the
sensitivity displayed with reference to 1 Pa. If the voltage measured
is below 3 mV or fluctuating by more than 0.2 dB, an error message
is displayed. Possible error sources are, for example, a switched-off
microphone power supply or a disabled calibrator. In this case, the
program requests that the test be repeated. After switching on the
microphone power supply, wait approx. 20 s before restarting the
measurement.
The measured reference value is stored in a file on the hard disk
and used for all subsequent measurements when the same ear type
3.2H is used as currently selected.
Reading the DRP-ERP Correction Data of the Artificial Ear of
Type 3.2H:
The frequency response of the artificial ear of type 3.2H is supplied
on a floppy together with the artificial ear. The data is used for
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transforming the measurement values from the drum reference point
to the ear reference point.
 Connect a USB floppy disk drive with the calibration disk to the
R&S UPV, copy the file “OES_HL.ADA” from the manufacturer’s
calibration disk to a USB stick or a CD-ROM or make this file
available on a network drive via LAN.
 Call the routine “Calibration  DRP to ERP Correction  Type 3.2
High leak”. Browse to the file “OES_HL.ADA” and click “Open”.
The calibration file is read. The modified data is stored on the
R&S UPV hard disk. This procedure needs only be repeated after a
change of the calibration data, e.g. after a recalibration of the ear by
the manufacturer, or when the “3GPP” directory has been renamed
or removed.
Calibration of Ear Type 3.3
 Remove the pinna from the artificial ear according to the
manufacturer’s instructions
 Connect the sound level calibrator tightly to the artificial ear using
the adapter UA-1546 and switch the calibrator on.
 Select “Calibration  Artificial ear  HATS Type 3.3” from the
main menu.
For calibrators providing a sound pressure level of 114 dB (10 Pa),
the checkbox “Calibration level increased by 20 dB” must be
checked. In all other cases the checkbox must remain unchecked!
The type 3.3 ear calibration requires the calibrator with adapter UA1546 to be held manually against the ear. If the HATS is installed
remote from the R&S UPV, the checkbox “Delay start by …
seconds” can be checked and a time interval can be entered by
which the start of the calibration measurement is delayed. The
countdown is displayed on the R&S UPV screen.
Fig. 42
Ear calibration window with delayed start
The output voltage of the microphone in the ear is measured and the
sensitivity displayed with reference to 1 Pa. If the voltage measured
is below 3 mV or fluctuating by more than 0.2 dB, an error message
is displayed. Possible error sources are, for example, a switched-off
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microphone power supply or a disabled calibrator. In this case, the
program requests that the test be repeated. After switching on the
microphone power supply, wait approx. 20 s before restarting the
calibration.
The measured reference value is stored in a file on the hard disk
and used for all subsequent measurements when the same ear type
3.3 is used as currently selected.
Reading the DRP-ERP Correction Data of the Artificial Ear of Type
3.3:
Call the routine “Calibration  DRP to ERP Correction  Type 3.3
From ITU-T P.57 Table 2b”. This procedure needs only be
repeated when the “3GPP” directory has been renamed or removed.
Alternatively it is also possible to load individual DRP-ERP correction
data from a calibration disk. This option is not conformant with the
standards.
Reading the Diffuse Field Equalization Data of the Artificial Ear of
Type 3.3:
From Release 10 of 3GPP TS 26.132, diffuse field equalization is
applied to receiving frequency response results with handset and
headset UEs. Call the routine “Calibration  Diffuse field
equalization  Type 3.3 From ITU-T P.58 Table 3”. This
procedure needs only be repeated when the “3GPP” directory has
been renamed or removed.
Alternatively it is also possible to load individual diffuse field
equalization data from a calibration disk. This option is not
conformant with the standards.
Calibration of Ear Type 3.4
 Remove the pinna and the ear canal simulator, connect the sound
level calibrator tightly to the artificial ear using the short steel
adapter and switch the calibrator on.
 Select “Calibration  Artificial ear  HATS Type 3.4” from the
main menu.
For Head Acoustics HMS II, calibrator B&K 4231 must be used in
conjunction with the short steel calibration adapter.
The output voltage of the microphone in the ear is measured and the
sensitivity displayed with reference to 1 Pa. If the voltage measured
is below 3 mV or fluctuating by more than 0.2 dB, an error message
is displayed. Possible error sources are, for example, a switched-off
microphone power supply or a disabled calibrator. In this case, the
program requests that the test be repeated. After switching on the
microphone power supply, wait approx. 20 s before restarting the
calibration.
The measured reference value is stored in a file on the hard disk
and used for all subsequent measurements when the same ear type
3.4 is used as currently selected.
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Reading the DRP-ERP Correction Data of the Artificial Ear of
Type 3.4:
Call the routine “Calibration  DRP to ERP Correction  Type 3.4
 From ITU-T P.57 Table 2b”. This procedure needs only be
repeated when the “3GPP” directory has been renamed or removed.
Alternatively it is also possible to load individual DRP-ERP correction
data from a calibration disk. This option is not conformant with the
standards.
Reading the Diffuse Field Equalization Data of the Artificial Ear of
Type 3.4:
From Release 10 of 3GPP TS 26.132, diffuse field equalization is
applied to receiving frequency response results with handset and
headset UEs. Call the routine “Calibration  Diffuse field
equalization  Type 3.4  From ITU-T P.58 Table 3”. This
procedure needs only be repeated when the “3GPP” directory has
been renamed or removed.
Alternatively it is also possible to load individual diffuse field
equalization data from a calibration disk. This option is not
conformant with the standards.
Calibration of Artificial Mouth for Handset Tests
Before a mobile phone can be tested, the absolute sensitivity and
frequency response of the artificial mouth have to be measured and
corrected with the aid of a previously calibrated free-field or diffuse-field
(pressure-field) microphone. The measuring microphone removed from
artificial ear type 1 can be used for this purpose or an additional
microphone capsule is screwed to the microphone preamplifier. The
standard microphone is used as a reference for determining the
frequency response of the mouth. The frequency response of the
microphone can be ignored in the test frequency range (100 Hz to
8 kHz) (see also calibration certificate of microphone capsule).
Since interfering sound falsifies the corrections, the artificial mouth must
be calibrated in the anechoic and isolated test chamber. In order to
reject any noise present in the test chamber, it is recommended to
activate item “Selective” in the calibration menu.
First of all, a calibrated measuring microphone has to be selected.
 Select a reference microphone type with “Calibration 
Artificial mouth  Select reference mic”.
For the selected microphone type, a device must be selected and
calibrated (see above). This device must be connected to R&S UPV
analyzer input 1 via power supply/conditioning amplifier.
For calibration of a P.51 type artificial mouth using a diffuse field type
microphone (e.g. B&K 4131 or 4134) or a microphone from a Type1
artificial ear, fit the microphone at right angles to the mouth at the
mouth reference point (MRP) using the gauge supplied with the
mouth (positioning at right angles is necessary because diffuse field
or pressure-calibrated microphones have a flat frequency response
to sound from random incident direction and therefore exhibit an
emphasis on high frequencies with frontal sound incidence).
For calibration of a P.51 type artificial mouth using a free field
microphone, the microphone must be mounted in the axis of the
sound outlet of the artificial mouth.
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For calibration of the HATS (P.58 type) artificial mouth, a ¼”
microphone is clamped in the fixture attached to the HATS.
 Call the calibration routine with “Calibration  Artificial mouth 
LRGP ITU-T P.51  Without Reference Spectrum”, “Calibration 
Artificial mouth  LRGP ITU-T P.51  with P.50 Ref. Spectrum”,
“Calibration  Artificial mouth  HATS ITU-T P.58  Without
Reference Spectrum” or “Calibration  Artificial mouth  HATS
ITU-T P.58  with P.50 Ref. Spectrum” from the main menu.
The sound pressure generated at the MRP is set to exactly -4.7 dBPa in
an automatic measurement routine at 1 kHz. The generator voltage
required is stored in a file on the hard disk and used as a reference for
all subsequent settings with the same artificial mouth. If the sound
pressure cannot be adjusted to -4.7 dBPa, an error message is
displayed with a request to check the connection of the artificial mouth
and to repeat the measurement. A possible error source would be that
the transformer supplied is not connected between the generator and
the artificial mouth.
The uncorrected frequency response of the artificial mouth is
measured and displayed. Next, the frequency response is measured
with the inverse frequency response correction automatically
selected in the generator (equalization). Residual errors caused by
nonlinearities of the speaker in the mouth are measured and taken
into account in the final equalization file as fine correction.
To verify the results, the absolute sound pressure versus frequency
is measured at a sound pressure of 4.7 dBPa (reference value for
most of the measurements). The absolute sound pressure at each
frequency must be within a tolerance band of ±0.2 dB. Correct
calibration without interfering sound yields an almost straight line in
the middle between the two limit lines.
If mouth calibration with reference spectrum measurement is
chosen, the test signal is subsequently filtered with the inverse
mouth frequency response, and the resulting spectrum at the MRP
is recorded as reference for sending frequency response tests.
If a mouth calibration is performed without reference spectrum
measurement, previously recorded reference spectra are
invalidated. A sensing measurement using artificial voice according
to ITU-T P.50 can only performed after an additional reference
spectrum calibration (see below).
P.50 Speech Spectrum Calibration
For tests using artificial voice according to ITU-T P.50 as test signal, the
spectrum of the test signal has to be measured and stored as reference
spectrum for the transfer function (gain) calculation. For sending and
sidetone tests, the signal has to be filtered in addition with the inverse
frequency response of the artificial mouth. A calibrated reference
microphone must be placed at the Mouth Reference Point (MRP) for
this purpose. It is recommended to perform the reference spectrum
calibration directly after the mouth calibration, using sub-menu item
“Calibration Artificial Mouth  …  With P.50 Ref. Spectrum”.
The reference spectrum calibration for the receiving direction does not
require external equipment or wiring. The reference signal at the output
from the R&S UPV generator to the speech input of the system
simulator is measured via internal connection to the R&S UPV analyzer
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input. For narrow-band tests in receiving direction, a band-limited
version of the test signal is used. Each version of the test signal has to
be calibrated separately.
For ambient noise rejection according to Release 10 of 3GPP TS
26.132, a separate speech reference spectrum calibration is necessary
because the active speech level at the MRP is specified to be
+1.3 dBPa instead of -4.7 dBPa for this test. The test routines can be
found in sub-menu “Calibration __> P.50 Speech Ref. Spectrum 
Sending for ANR”.
Fig. 43
Submenu for reference speech spectrum calibration
Calibration of CMU Speech Codec
The calibration of the CMU speech coder and decoder is necessary to
be able to calculate absolute loudness. Calibration has to be performed
only once and must be repeated only if the R&S CMU200 used is
replaced. If the R&S CMU200 is equipped with model 14 of the Link
Handler R&S CMU-B21, GSM as well as WCDMA use the same paths.
Calibration of the coder is therefore identical for both operating modes
and need not be repeated when switching from GSM to WCDMA or vice
versa.
If GSM and WCDMA use different link handlers, separate calibration
devices have to be generated for the two link handlers (i.e. with and
without the supplied adapter).
Note that encoder and decoder are handled as separate devices but
calibrated with one routine.
Auxiliary settings required for calibration can be found in the
R&S CMU200 under Bit Stream (for GSM) and under BS Signal,
Dedicated Channel, Voice settings (for WCDMA) (firmware version 4.52
or higher). Call the calibration routines with “Calibration → Codec →
CMU/CBT” from the main menu.
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The following information is displayed:
Fig. 44
Message box during decoder calibration
Set up a call to the mobile phone. Set bit stream or voice setting on the
R&S CMU200 to "Decoder Cal" and then click the “OK” button.
The actual voltage at the decoder output of the R&S CMU200 is now
measured for a digital full-scale signal and the required correction value
is calculated and saved in the R&S UPV. The following request is then
displayed:
Fig. 45
Message box during encoder calibration
After the “OK” button has been clicked, the input sensitivity of the
speech coder is measured and the input voltage required for digital full
scale is measured at the speech coder and saved in the R&S UPV.
Calibration of CMW Speech Codec
The CMW500 does not provide the “Decoder Cal” and “Encoder Cal”
functionalities. Instead the maximum peak input and output voltage can
be set in the user interface.
Fig. 46 Setting of the full-scale peak input and output values in the
CMW user interface
“Calibration → Codec → CMW” opens windows where these values can
be entered in unit mV in the mobile phone test program.
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Calibration of Ambient Noise Field
Fig. 47
Measurement window for ambient noise field calibration.
Please refer to application note 1GA51, available on the R&S download
web site, for suggestions how to generate the noise field for the ambient
noise rejection test. For the calibration of the noise field for ambient
noise rejection tests, all obstacles (test head or HATS, Telephone etc.)
have to be removed from the test chamber. For the generation of the
noise field, additional equipment is necessary. The noise field should
have sufficient homogeneity (sound pressure level independent of
place) and diffuseness (randomly incident sound at the place of the
microphone). This can either be achieved in a reverberation room with
omni-directionally radiating sound source or in an anechoic room with a
number of uncorrelated noise sources. Limited homogeneity can be
achieved in the centre between two speakers. For good diffuseness a
minimum of four speakers distributed in different spatial directions are
required.
A diffuse field or pressure field microphone must be positioned at the
spot of the mouth reference point of the (removed) test head or HATS.
The menu Item Calibration  Ambient noise field opens the window
shown in Fig. 26.
The button “Adjust Spectrum” starts a continuous spectrum
measurement which allows to adjust the spectrum of the noise, e.g.
using equalizers. The template is centred around the curve irrespective
of the absolute level.
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Fig. 48
Measurement window for spectrum adjustment.
The continuous spectrum measurement can be aborted by clicking
“Stop Adjustment”.
The button “Adjust level” starts a continuous level measurement. If a
multitude of sources is used, each source must produce a sound
pressure level of -24 dBPa – 3 * LOG n dB, whereby n is the number of
noise sources.
Fig. 49
Measurement window for level adjustment.
The left thermometer column gives a coarse overview. The right column
has an enlarged scale for fine adjustment. The numeric field in the
centre shows the numeric value.
The continuous level measurement can be aborted by clicking “Stop
Adjustment”.
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Once the noise field has been adjusted, the result can be documented
by pressing “Start Measurement”. Although there is no calibration value
to be used in the ambient noise rejection measurement, the level is
stored and can be included for reference in the measurement report.
Fig. 50
Result of ambient noise calibration.
Calibration of Noise Field for “Speech Quality in
Presence of Background Noise” Test
Connections
Fig. 51
Setup for background noise calibration.
Connect
1. LAN socket of UPV to LAN socket of UPP
2. UPP trigger output to UPV trigger input
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3. UPP-Z8A output 3 to input of front left active speaker
4. UPP-Z8A output 4 to input of rear left active speaker
5. UPP-Z8A output 5 to input of front right active speaker
6. UPP-Z8A output 6 to input of rear right active speaker
7. UPP-Z8A configured subwoofer output (by default 7) to input of
active subwoofer
8. Right artificial ear to UPV analyzer input 1 via microphone power
supply
9. Left artificial ear to UPV analyzer input 2 via microphone power
supply
For the delay measurements, a connection has to be made from UPPZ8A output 10 to UPV input 1, and both artificial ears have to be
connected subsequently to UPV analyzer input 2.
Establishing the remote control connection between UPV and UPP
After power up of both instruments and the interconnection with a LAN
switch cable, first an IP connection has to be established between UPV
and UPP.
1. Start the UPV-K9x program and open window “Options → UPP
remote control”.
2. Once the “LAN” LED on the UPP is on, press button “CASCADE /
LAN RESET” once and wait until the “CASCADE” LED is blinking.
3. Press the “CASCADE / LAN RESET” button again.
4. Click the “Find” button in the UPP remote control window on the
UPV.
5. Now the computer name on the UPP appears in the UPP remote
control window. Select it and close the window with “Ok”.
Prerequisites
The calibration of both artificial ears of the HATS is required for
performing the calibration of the background noise field.
Configuration
The configuration of the noise field calibration comprises
1. Choice of the calibration method
2. Speaker configuration
3. Bandwidth and tolerance settings
4. Other settings
and is done in the “Noise Calibration Configuration “ window. This
window is called with item “Noise calibration configuration” in the
“Options” menu.
The configuration is saved in the settings of the UPV-K9x program, so
that it has to be done at least once and can then be re-used as long as
the speaker configuration and calibration methods do not need to be
changed.
Starting and stopping the calibration process
Calibration is started by selecting the following:
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Fig. 52 Starting the background noise calibration process.
A brief set of cabling instructions appears first of all:
Fig. 53 Cabling instructions for the speakers.
The measurements then begin. The calibration process can be stopped
at any time. All of the calibration data recorded up to this point are then
available and can be viewed in the report.
Measurement is stopped in the following way:
•
If a dialog box appears, click the "Abort" or "Cancel" button
Fig. 54 Setup for background noise calibration.
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Fig. 55 Setup for background noise calibration.
•
If measurement is still being performed, click the "Cancel"
button
Fig. 56 Window during running measurement.
Preparatory Measurements for Delay Measurement
Before the delay measurement is performed, additional plausibility
checks are carried out at each speaker to ensure that the wiring is
correct and that the sound pressure level is high enough:
Measurement of Sound Pressure
The unweighted sound pressure level should reach at least 80 dBspl at
normal drive level.
Fig. 57 Message for insufficient level.
If this sound pressure is not reached, an error message appears which
cannot be ignored. After the gain factor has been increased, the
measurement can be repeated.
Measurement of Level Change at Microphone Amplifier Output
In the case of an increase in UPP output level and the expected change
in sound pressure at the connected speakers, the level measured at the
microphone amplifier must be changed by the same amount.
Fig. 58 Message for insufficient sound pressure level increase.
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If the amplifier output does not change with the UPP output level, this
may have the following causes:
•
the microphone amplifier is switched off
•
the HATS ear is not connected to the correct amplifier channel
•
the amplifier is not connected or is incorrectly connected to UPV
channel 2
•
the speaker concerned is switched off
•
the speaker concerned is not connected to the correct UPP
channel
After the error has been rectified, the measurement can be repeated.
Measurement of Level Change at Reference Input
When the UPP output level is increased, the level at UPV measurement
channel 1 connected to UPP generator channel 10 must change by the
same amount.
Fig. 59 Message for insufficient level change at reference input.
If the reference input does not change with the UPP output level, there
is no connection between UPV channel 1 and UPP output channel 10.
After the error has been rectified, the measurement can be repeated.
Delay Measurement
The delay measurement determines the time it takes for the sound to
travel from the speaker membranes to the left and right ear of the
HATS. The travel time and therefore the distance of the full-range
speakers from the HATS is measured by means of cross-correlation of
the acoustic (sound pressure) signal and the electrical reference signal.
Since the delay measurement is quite complicated owing to the required
cabling modifications, it can be skipped if a valid calibration data set is
already available and if the speaker layout and the HATS position has
not been changed in the meantime. The latter is not decisive for the
program; it is therefore the responsibility of the user to repeat the delay
calibration where necessary.
Fig. 60 Message querying the start of the delay calibration.
To perform the delay measurement, the reference signal from channel
10 of the UPP generator is connected to analyzer channel 1 of the UPV,
and the signal from the respective ear is connected to analyzer channel
2 (via a preamplifier). Which ear is currently being measured and must
therefore be connected is shown in dialog boxes.
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Fig. 61 Instruction for connections during delay measurement.
This box must be confirmed after reconnection of the UPV analyzer;
only then are the measurement and the generator signal started. The
signal used as the generator signal is always the signal which is also
used for subsequent equalization.
Other cabling problems can be determined from the measured value
obtained during the delay measurement:
•
Checking of the delay differences between the measurement
channel and reference channel
Fig. 62 Plausibility check for the delay result.
If the reference channel has a greater delay than the
measurement channel, it is not connected to the reference
signal but instead to the 2nd channel of the microphone
amplifier.
•
Distance between the speaker and associated HATS ear is too
great
Fig. 63 Message for unexpectedly long delay.
If the measured distance is greater than the intended maximum
distance, the longer indirect sound path to the ear located
opposite may possibly have been measured. In this way it is
possible to detect inadvertent swapping of the HATS ears.
•
Distance between the speaker and associated HATS ear is too
small
Fig. 64 Message for unexpectedly short delay.
If the distance is less than the intended minimum distance, the
speaker is too close to the HATS. This warning can be ignored,
if the measured distance matches the actual position of the
speaker.
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The measurement can be repeated after the cabling and the amplifier
level have been corrected.
The cabling must be changed during and after the delay measurement;
the user is instructed to do this in dialog boxes.
Fig. 65 Instructions for change of cabling during the calibration process.
After completion of the delay measurement, it is thus ensured that the
HATS ears are correctly cabled and the output level is high enough. A
list showing all of the determined distances is displayed before the
actual equalization begins.
Fig. 66 List of determined distances.
The minimum and maximum distance between the HATS ear and the
speaker can be entered in the configuration dialog box.
Preparatory Measurements for Equalization
Equalization can only be performed successfully if the room acoustics
meet certain requirements.
Noise Floor
The permissible noise floor is max. 30 dB(A)spl. If it is above this value,
equalization may be incorrect in the case of weak noise fields.
Fig. 67 Warning for exceeded noise floor limit.
After the soundproofing has been improved, the measurement can be
repeated. "Ignore" continues the calibration process although this limit
has been exceeded.
Frequency Response
The permissible frequency response of a speaker before equalization is
max. ±9 dB. If it is above this value, equalization is not possible for the
room and the room properties and the speaker layout should be
improved before equalization is performed.
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Fig. 68 Warning for excessive equalization needs.
"Ignore" continues the calibration process although this limit has been
exceeded.
Initial rough equalization of the individual speakers is performed during
the frequency response check.
Total Harmonic Distortion
Measurement of the total harmonic distortion for each speaker at
nominal level in order to prevent speakers from being overdriven. Since
destructive interference of the fundamental can occur at discrete
frequencies which then results in a poorer total harmonic distortion
being determined, the measurement is repeated twice at different
frequencies in the case of an error.
Fig. 69 Warning for excessive total harmonic distortion of a speaker.
If speakers with a high total harmonic distortion are used, the tolerance
limit must be set higher in the configuration dialog box.
Cabling Check
This measurement which was already performed during the delay
measurement is intended to ensure that the cabling is correct if the
delay measurement is skipped and after the cabling has been changed.
The results are the same as those under "Measurement of Level
Change at Microphone Amplifier Output".
Equalization and Level Adjustment
At the beginning of equalization, a check is performed to establish
whether a valid calibration data set is available for the used noise field.
If this is the case, equalization of this noise field can be skipped.
Here the Cancel button does not stop the complete calibration
procedure but only that of the current (and displayed) noise field.
Fig. 70 Query window for each noise field calibration.
By skipping all noise fields, all of the noise fields with the current
acoustics are checked without changing the calibration data set and a
corresponding report is generated.
Equalization and level adjustment are largely performed without input
from the user. The only time input is required is if errors occur and the
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user is asked what should happen next. These decisions can be preset
in the configuration dialog box so that equalization can then be carried
out unsupervised without any input from the user.
Level Adjustment
Level adjustment is performed with a maximum of five iteration steps.
Normally two steps are sufficient to achieve the desired level tolerance
(≥ 0.1 dB, can be set in the configuration dialog box). This number may
not be sufficient for the subwoofer, especially in the case of sounds with
weak bass. A message is then displayed where the user can choose
whether to accept the specified level deviation or to perform a further
iteration. This dialog box can be suppressed by activating the following
option in the noise calibration configuration window:
Fig. 71 Checkbox for suppressing the message caused by excessive
single level deviation.
Equalization
Equalization is performed in two steps:
•
Individual equalization of each speaker
•
Pairwise equalization of the two left and the two right speakers
Each of the two steps is performed with a maximum number of iteration
steps which is selected in the configuration dialog box; three iterations
are usually enough to achieve a flatness of 1 dB.
If the all speaker equalization check does not result in a PASS, the user
can try to achieve a PASS by repeating this measurement. This may be
successful if, for example, the tolerance violation is only slight or
unwanted noise falsified the measurement.
Fig. 72 Message for failed verification of all speaker equalizations.
The associated dialog box can be suppressed by selecting the
appropriate entry in the configuration dialog box.
Fig. 73 Selection of action on failed verification of all speaker
equalizations in the noise calibration configuration window.
Instead of "Prompt", the user can determine whether one or two retries
are to be performed automatically and then FAIL is to be set as the
result if the last retry was also unsuccessful.
The result of each intermediate step is displayed as a trace during
equalization.
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Fig. 74 Display of intermediate equalization results.
All Speaker Equalization
Following an unsuccessful all speaker equalization check, it is possible
to adjust the all speaker equalization to within the ±3 dB tolerance band
by subsequent correction of individual speakers. Since this algorithm is
extremely time-consuming and not always successful, it can be
deactivated in the configuration dialog box.
Fig. 75 Checkbox in the noise calibration configuration window for
deactivating the additional all speaker equalization step.
If "All Speaker Equalization" is activated, further equalization steps are
performed:
•
Measurement of the crosstalk flatness separately for left and
right. If at least one of these is outside the tolerance, the
crosstalk speaker which impairs the frequency response most
is determined (by switching off the other crosstalk speaker).
Starting with this speaker, the four crosstalk speakers are
equalized again individually (next is the other speaker on the
same side followed by the next worse speaker) until the
interaction of all speakers is below the tolerance limit or
repeated equalization of all four speakers was unsuccessful.
•
If this equalization step was unsuccessful, adjustment with the
direct speakers is attempted. Once again the direct speaker
which impairs the frequency response most is determined.
Starting with this speaker, the four direct speakers are
equalized again individually until the interaction of all speakers
is below the tolerance limit or repeated equalization of all four
speakers was unsuccessful.
If this equalization step is also unsuccessful, equalization has
definitively failed and must be repeated with improved room properties.
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4 Data Entry for Reporting
Operator
Under “DataOperator” an operator’s name can be entered which is
stored in association with all calibration and measurement results. If
“Operator” is activated in the report settings, the name will appear in all
reports about these measurements.
Test object
Under “Data  Test object  New” a description of the device under
test can be entered.
Fig. 76
Window for input of information about a test object
If the checkbox “Immediately select this test object” is checked, the test
object associated with the entered data is automatically selected upon
closing the window. The data of this selected test object will be stored in
association with all measurements and appear on the associated
reports if “DUT information” is activated in the report settings.
A previously entered test object can be selected with “Data  Test
object  Select”.
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5 Measurements
General
Special problems caused by the coding and decoding algorithms of
mobile phones are encountered when measuring acoustic
characteristics. Voice codecs are used to attain the lowest possible data
rate. Mobile phone voice codecs are optimized for transmitting human
speech with low data rate. Not the actual voice signals but only the filter
and fundamental parameters required for signal reconstruction are
transmitted.
Purely sinusoidal tones normally used for audio measurements cannot be
transmitted with such a system. Therefore, the coder and decoder had
initially been excluded from the measurement, which required a
specially prepared test mobile phone with a specific test interface.
In modern mobile phones, this interface is not available anymore.
Measurements are generally performed via the air interface with the
speech coder and decoder included. As mentioned above,
measurements using sinusoidal tones cannot be performed because
the static sinusoidal input signal becomes a more or less stochastic
output signal as a result of coding, particularly in the medium and high
audio frequency ranges.
Signals similar to voice therefore have to be used for the measurement, i.e.
either artificial voice according to ITU-T P.50 or a multitone signal according
to ITU-T P.501 is possible. At the same time, modulation of the signal in
time must largely correspond to voice, since many modern mobile phones
use algorithms for interference suppression which use the modulation to
distinguish the useful from the interfering signal.
The test routines in the R&S UPV-K91 use an amplitude-modulated
multitone signal according to ITU-T P.501 as described in 3GPP TS 26.132
or alternatively artificial voice according to ITU-T P.50 (update key UPVK9101 or UPV-K9102 required).
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Starting measurements
Measurements can be started from the “Measurement” menu. This
menu contains either all available measurements, or the measurements
belonging to the selected standard if the checkbox “Allow only selected
measurements” in the “Options  Select standard” window is checked.
The menu “Standards” allows to start any measurement, whereby the
measurements are structured into submenus according to the
standards to which they belong. This allows a quick and easy access to
all available measurements.
Fig. 77
“Standards” menu with submenu for narrow band handset
tests according to 3GPP TS 26.132, using artificial voice
according to ITU-T P.50.
The menu “Release” offers all applicable test cases for a selected
combination of UE device type, speech codec bandwidth, test signal
and release of the 3GPP test specifications. Item “Select Release”
opens the selection window of Fig. 7. Sub-menu “Settings” has the
same test case entries and allows to open the editing window of Fig. 66.
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Fig. 78 “Release” menu
A fourth possibility to start a single measurement is the button “Run
highlighted as single measurement” in the sequence menu (see
chapter 7 below).
Functionality and control of the measurement
macros
Fig. 79 Example of a measurement window
When a measurement macro is started, e.g. from the “Measurement”
menu, the standardized measurement is immediately executed. With a
single measurement, the window of the measurement macro stays
open after the measurement is terminated. At that time, the following
functionality is available:
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Fig. 80
Context menu of the graph window
Zooming
When the “Shift” key on the keyboard is pressed, the mouse cursor
changes to the zoom cursor. When the left mouse button is pressed, a
rectangle can be marked in the graph. As soon as the left mouse button
is released, the graph is zoomed into the area of the marked rectangle
“Zoom Out” in the graph context menu reverses the last zooming step.
“Unzoom” zooms completely out to the original scaling.
Changing the Scale of the Graph
“Change Scale” in the context menu opens a window in which the upper
and lower bounds of both axes can be entered by numbers.
Fig. 81
Window for changing the scale of the graph
Cursor
When the item “Show Cursor” is marked in the graph context menu, a
cursor is displayed which can be dragged along the graph with the
mouse. X and Y values of the data points below the cursor are
displayed.
Data Point Size
“Data Point Size” in the graph context menu opens a window in which
the size of marks at the measured data points can be specified. Moving
the mouse cursor over one of the marks causes the associated X and Y
values to be displayed.
Entering a Comment
With the softkey “Enter Comment” or the item “Comment” in the graph
context menu, a comment can be entered and edited which will appear
in the report about the respective measurement.
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Storing a Hardcopy of the Graph
With the menu item “Save Screenshot as …” in the graph context
menu, a hardcopy of the current graph window with all numeric displays,
legend etc. can be stored as image. The current view of the graph
including additional curves, current scaling and size is copied. However,
colours are inverted to a printer-friendly colour set.
Fig. 82
Hardcopy of measurement graph
Making Additional Measurements
The softkey “Add Measurement” triggers another measurement
according to the specification of the test. Loudness ratings and other
result values like total noise level are calculated and displayed in the
legend. The additional curves and results will appear in the report if item
“Store results of further measurements” had been activated before the
measurement was started. However, limits are not checked for
additional measurements.
This function can e.g. be used to find the correct volume setting to pass
nominal RLR. It can further be used for adjustments in the device under
test.
Storing and Loading Curves
All curves in the graph can be stored to an ASCII file (*.tra), and such
curves can be loaded back into the graph. For easy import to Excel the
csv format is also offered. The softkey “Store Curve” opens a window in
which a combo box offers choice between the legends of all curves in
the graph. The curve associated in which the selected entry is stored to
the file with the specified format at the specified location.
If the “Options” menu item “Store loaded curves to results database” is
checked, loaded curves are stored together with the measurement
results and will appear in reports about the measurement.
Frequency response curves may also be stored as (relative!) UPLcompatible trace files.
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Storing Curves as Limit Curves
With “Store As Limit Curve” a curve can be selected and stored into a
R&S UPV format limit file with a specified shift in Y axis direction. This
functionality can be used to generate limit curves from “golden” devices
for evaluation purpose.
Deleting Additional Curves in the Measurement Graph
By pressing or clicking “Delete Curve”, an additional curve in the
measurement graph can be removed. A window pops up with a combo
box in which the curve to be deleted can be selected. Note that it is not
possible to delete the curve of the first measurement, as this is the
measurement for which the verdict is given. The selected curve
disappears from the graph on the screen and is removed from the
database such that it does not appear in reports anymore.
Creating a Report
The softkey “Create Report” causes a report to be prepared. The report
preview window (see below) opens and shows the preview of the report.
Buttons in the preview window allow to print the report or to export it to
PDF, WORD, EXCEL or Rich Text format.
Closing the Measurement Window
The softkey “Close” closes the measurement window. The control is
returned to the R&S UPV-K9 main window. All relevant data associated
with the measurement is imported to the results data. A new entry
appears for the measurement as new row on the bottom of the overview
data grid in the main window.
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Notes on Handset Measurements
Applicability of Measurements and Equipment
Depending on the Release
The 3GPP standard is constantly updated according to technical
advances etc. Therefore different versions of the specifications exist in
parallel, the so-called releases. Use the “Release” menu to display
testcases applicable for a certain release. Furthermore, a separate
spreadsheet “TestCaseList_23147.xls” is provided which lists all tests
and their applicability for the different releases. This test case list also
serves as a reference for the file names used as parameters when
starting a test case remotely.
Sending Frequency Response and Loudness Rating
Sending Frequency Response
The sending frequency response is specified as the transmission ratio
in dB of the voltage at the decoder output to the input noise pressure at
the artificial mouth.
With ear type 3.1 and 3.2 the mobile phone under test is installed in the
LRGP (loudness rating guard-ring position) according to ITU-T P.76,
and the receiver is sealed to the artificial ear. With ear types 3.3 and 3.4
the mobile phone is mounted on the HATS using the handset positioner.
The adjustment angles on the handset positioner are not specified in
the standard but should be noted for later reference.
A test signal with a sound pressure of -4.7 dBPa are created with the
artificial mouth at the MRP (mouth reference point), and the
corresponding output voltage is measured at the R&S CMU200 speech
decoder output and evaluated.
The sending frequency response must be within the limit lines specified
according to table 1 of 3GPP TS 26.131. The absolute sensitivity is not
yet taken into account. The valid limit lines depend on the release of the
specification and are different for narrowband and wideband speech.
The offset of the measured frequency response to the upper or lower limit
line is calculated and then the whole limit template is shifted to be centered
with respect to the measured curve. Then another limit check is performed.
If the shifted curve is now within the limit lines, PASS is output, otherwise
FAIL is displayed. The limit check is performed at each measured
frequency. If the measured value and the end point of a limit line are not at
the same frequency, it may happen that the trace slightly crosses a corner
of the limit line although there are no limit violations. The remaining margin
is displayed. A negative margin shows the amount of limit violation.
Sending Loudness Rating
The sending loudness rating (SLR) takes into account the absolute
loudness in the transmit direction and weights the tones in compliance
with the average speech spectrum and the normal sensitivity of the
average human ear.
To this end, the frequencies (Hz) of bands 4 to 17 (narrowband) or
bands 1 to 20 (wideband), resp., are evaluated according to table 1 of
ITU-T P.79.
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Table 2 Frequencies (Hz) of bands 1 to 20 acc. to table 3 of ITU-T P.79
Band
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
f (Hz)
100
125
160
200
250
315
400
Band
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
f (Hz)
500
630
800
1000
1250
1600
2000
Band
15
16
17
18
19
20
f (Hz)
2500
3150
4000
5000
6300
8000
The sensitivity in dBV/Pa at each frequency is defined as the difference
between the level at the network interface (digital level measured at the
analog R&S CMU200 speech output) and the sound pressure level at
the mouth reference point (MRP), and the sending loudness rating is
calculated according to formula 5-1 of ITU-T P.79. The weighting
factors are taken from ITU-T P.79, table A2 for narrowband and for
wideband according to release 8 and later, and from ITU-T P-79, table
G1 for wideband according to release 6 and 7. Note that loudness rating
values are loss values, i.e. a high loudness rating values indicates a low
gain and a low loudness rating value indicates a high gain.
Due to the input sensitivity tolerance of the R&S CMU200 speech coder,
the individual sensitivity of the R&S CMU200 used has to be taken into
account in order to calculate the sending loudness rating (see
calibration routines). According to 3GPP TS 26.131, the sending
loudness rating should be between 5 dB and 11 dB, with lower dB
values corresponding to greater loudness (5 dB = maximum loudness,
11 dB = minimum loudness). The measured SLR is indicated in a
window in the frequency response display and checked for compliance
with these limits. In addition to the numeric value, either PASS or FAIL
is displayed.
The general PASS or FAIL information is obtained from the limit check of
the frequency response curve and the loudness rating. PASS is output only
if both the curve and the loudness value are within tolerances.
Fig. 83
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Sending Tests using Artificial Voice according to ITU-T P.50 as
Test Signal
Modulated multisine as test signal is proven to pass GSM and 3GPP
codecs “enhanced full rate” and AMR (adaptive multi-rate) with
12.2 kbit/s without significant degradation. However, most recent
background noise reduction algorithms employ more sophisticated
indicators than just variation over time to distinguish between voice
signals and background noise signals. As a consequence, the spectrum
of the modulated multisine signal may be altered by such algorithms,
which results in a change in the measured frequency response. For this
reason all sending, receiving, sidetone and ambient noise rejection tests
are alternatively offered with artificial voice according to ITU-T P.50 as
test signal, although background noise reduction is mainly employed in
the sending path of mobile phones (update key UPV-K9101,
UPV-K9102 or UPV-K9103 required).
The test signal simulates the spectrum and time structure of human
voice without having any semantic content. It consists of 10 seconds
“female” voice and 10 seconds “male” voice.
Other than with the modulated multisine, the reference spectra at the
respective inputs of the transmission path are measured in advance
and stored in files. Therefore the speech spectrum calibration for
sending direction is a prerequisite for this test (see chapter 3
“Calibration”).
To make sure that the spectral transform is performed on the same
portion of the test signal during reference spectrum measurement and
output spectrum measurement, the output spectrum measurement is
preceded by a delay measurement employing a sine burst. The start of
the measurement is then delayed against the playback of the test signal
by the measured amount of delay in the transmission path. If the
transmission path is interrupted, e.g. due to a dropped call, the test
stops with a suitable warning message.
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Receiving Frequency Response and Loudness Rating
The following three groups of measurement definitions are available, as
the permissible limit values of the loudness rating depend on the
volume set in the mobile phone under test: “…, nom. Vol” checks
loudness rating limits for nominal loudness setting and at the same time
compliance with the frequency response limit template. “…, max. Vol.”
checks the receiving loudness rating at the highest volume setting
against a minimum. “…, min. Vol.” checks the receiving loudness rating
at the lowest volume setting against a maximum. (Note: As the
loudness rating is a loss value, a high RLR is associated with a soft
speech signal and a low RLR is associated with a loud speech signal).
Receiving Frequency Response
The receiving frequency response is specified as the transmission ratio
in dB of the sound pressure in the artificial ear to the rms value at the
network interface, applied as input voltage at the speech coder input of
the R&S CMU200. The measured sound pressure is either referenced
to the ear reference point (ERP) or (from release 10) to DRP with
diffuse field correction. For ear type 1, the measuring microphone is
directly applied to the ERP and no further correction is required. For ear
types 3.x, the measuring microphone is applied to the drum reference
point (DRP), which is the reason why any measured value has to be
converted to the ERP by means of calibration factors. For special
purpose there are separate measurements supplied with R&S UPV-K91
which measure the sound pressure referenced to the DRP.
The mobile phone under test is installed in the LRGP (ITU-T P.76) or on
the HATS. In case of ear type 1, the receiver is sealed to knife edge of
the artificial ear. In case of ear type 3.2, the receiver is sealed to the
rubber gasket of the artificial ear. If the low leak version of this ear type
is used, care must be taken that the defined leak opening at the
circumference of the artificial ear is not accidentally covered. On the
HATS with artificial ear type 3.3, a certain application force, e.g. 8N has
to be set on the handset fixture.
The speech coder is driven such that a signal with a system reference
level of -16 dBm0 is obtained. The sound pressure in the artificial ear is
measured and evaluated.
Ear type 1 will no longer be used for measurements on 3GPP mobile
phones. Therefore, 3GPP TS 26.131 defines limit values only for ear
types 3.x, whereas the limit values specified in 3GPP TS 51.010
(previously GSM 11.10) are still valid for ear type 1.
Use tests “3GPP GSM Rel. 4 Receiving Handset, nom. Vol”, “3GPP
GSM Rel. 4 Receiving Handset, max. Vol”, “3GPP GSM Rel. 4
Receiving Handset, min. Vol” for receiving tests with type 1 artificial ear.
From Release 9 only ear types 3.3 and 3.4 are allowed for standardconformal tests. From Release 10 only ear type 3.3 is allowed.
Frequency response limits have been adjusted accordingly. Use the
appropriate versions of the receiving testcase.
When ear type 1 is used, the receiving frequency response must be
within the limit lines specified in table 30.2 of 3GPP TS 51.010. When
ear type 3.x is used, it must be within the limit lines specified in 3GPP
TS 26.131. In the frequency response curve, the limit template is shifted
to be centred with respect to the displayed absolute sensitivity.
The margins of the measured frequency response to the upper and
lower limit lines are calculated separately, and then the whole template
is shifted such that the resulting margins to upper and lower limit are
equal. Then another limit check is performed. If the shifted curve is now
within the limit lines, PASS is output, otherwise FAIL is displayed. The limit
check is performed at each measured frequency. If the measured value and
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the end point of a limit line are not at the same frequency, it may happen
that the trace slightly crosses a corner of the limit line although there are no
limit violations. The remaining margin is displayed. A negative margin shows
the amount of limit violation.
Receiving Loudness Rating
The receiving loudness rating (RLR) takes into account the absolute
loudness in the receive direction and weights the spectral components
in compliance with the difference between an average speech spectrum
and the normal threshold of hearing in quiet of the average human ear.
To this end, the frequencies (Hz) of bands 4 to 17 (narrowband) or
bands 1 to 20 (wideband), resp., are evaluated according to table 1 of
ITU-T P.79 (see table 2)
The sensitivity at each frequency is specified as the ratio dBPa/V,
calculated from the level difference between the level at the network
interface (measured at the analog R&S CMU200 speech decoder
output) and the sound pressure level at the artificial ear, referenced to
the ERP, and the receiving loudness rating is calculated according to
formula 5-1 of ITU-T P.79. The weighting factors are taken from ITU-T
P-79, table A2 for narrowband and for wideband according to release 8,
and from ITU-T P-79, table G1 for wideband according to release 6 and
7.
Due to the output gain tolerance of the R&S CMU200 speech decoder,
the individual sensitivity of the R&S CMU200 used has to be taken into
account in order to calculate the receiving loudness rating (see section
“Calibration” above).
The receiving loudness rating depends on the volume setting on the
mobile phone under test and, according to 3GPP TS 26.131, should be
between -1 dB and +5 dB for narrowband and for wideband according
to release 8 and later, and between 2 dB and 8 dB for wideband
according to release 6 and 7, obtained at a rated (“nominal”) loudness
setting, with lower dB values corresponding to a higher loudness.
The RLR must not fall below -13 dB (-10 dB for wideband in release 6
and 7) when maximum loudness is set on the mobile phone. To prevent
damage to the human ear, the maximum receiving loudness must not
exceed a certain value.
The measured RLR is indicated in a window in the frequency response
display and checked for compliance with these limits. In addition to the
numeric value, either PASS or FAIL is displayed.
With “3GPP Receiving Handset, nom. Vol”, the general PASS or FAIL
information is obtained from the limit check of the frequency response
curve and the loudness rating. PASS is output only if both the curve and
the loudness value are within tolerances.
“3GPP Receiving Handset, max. Vol” checks only the RLR against a
minimum of -13 dB. The frequency response curve is shown for
information only.
“3GPP Receiving Handset, min. Vol” checks the RLR against a
maximum of +18 dB.
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Fig. 84
Receiving frequency response with RLR value displayed
Receiving Tests using Artificial Voice according to ITU-T P.50 or
Single-Talk Speech according to ITU-T P.501 as Test Signal
Receiving tests are alternatively offered with artificial voice according to
ITU-T P.50 or Single-Talk Speech according to ITU-T P.501 as test
signal (update key UPV-K9101, UPV K9102 or UPV-K9103 required for
P.50, update key UPV-K9103 required for P.501).
The P.50 test signal simulates the spectrum and time structure of
human voice without having any semantic content or language-specific
characteristics. It consists of 10 seconds “female” voice and 10 seconds
“male” voice.
The P.501 single-talk test signal contains six sentences recorded with
male voices and six sentences recorded with female voices.
Other than with the modulated multisine, the reference spectra at the
respective inputs of the transmission path are measured in advance
and stored in files. Therefore the respective speech spectrum
calibration narrowband or wideband for receiving direction is a
prerequisite for this test (see chapter 3 “Calibration”).
To make sure that the spectral transform is performed on the same
portion of the test signal during reference spectrum measurement and
output spectrum measurement, the output spectrum measurement is
preceded by a delay measurement employing a sine burst. The start of
the measurement is then delayed against the playback of the test signal
by the measured amount of delay in the transmission path. If the
transmission path is interrupted, e.g. due to a dropped call, the test
stops with a suitable warning message.
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Sidetone Masking Rating (STMR)
The sidetone path is the deliberate output of a part of the signal picked
up by the microphone to the phone's receiver. This is to create a natural
hearing impression for the person speaking on the phone as is
encountered under normal conditions involving an acoustic path
between mouth and ear.
Up to release 7.0 the STMR can only be measured according to
standard using ear type 3.2 (low leakage) (“3GPP STMR, LRGP
Method”). Up to release 4, ear type 1 may alternatively be used for
3GPP TS 51.010 only (“3GPP GSM Rel. 4 Sidetone Masking Rating”).
For these tests the mobile phone under test is installed in the LRGP
(ITU-T P.76), and the receiver is sealed to the artificial ear.
From release 7.1 it is also possible to use ear type 3.3 or 3.4 for this
test. “3GPP STMR, HATS Method, Nom. Vol” has to be passed in the
nominal setting of the user volume control. “3GPP STMR, HATS
Method, All Vol. Steps” has to be passed in all (other) settings of the
volume control. From release 9 either ear type 3.3 or 3.4 has to be
used, from release 10 ear type 3.3 is mandatory.
The artificial mouth generates a test signal with a sound pressure of
-4.7 dBPa at the MRP (mouth reference point), and the sound pressure
is measured in the artificial ear. With ear types 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4, DRPERP correction is applied.
The attenuation of the sidetone path is determined at each frequency
according to table 1 of ITU-T P.79, and the sidetone masking rating
(STMR) is calculated according to formula 5-1 of ITU-T P.79 with the
weighting factors of table 3 of ITU-T P.79 taken into account. In
addition, the gain of the sidetone path is displayed as a curve.
When the phone is set to nominal receiving loudness, the STMR should
be within 13 dB and 23 dB according to 3GPP TS 26.131 when the
LRGP method is applied. With the HATS method, the target STMR is
between 12 dB and 20 dB at nominal volume setting. At all other
volume settings, the STMR must not be below 8 dB with the HATS
method.
From version 8.2 and 9.2 of TS 26.131 the target STMR range for the
HATS method has been changed to within 13 and 23 dB. From Version
8.2. and 9.1 of TS 26.132 the weighting factors for unsealed condition of
ITU-T P.79 Table B2 have to be used for the STMR calculation. These
changes are taken into account with the test cases according to “Rel.
8.2+9” and later.
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Fig. 85
Typical measurement of sidetone masking rating
STMR Tests using Artificial Voice according to ITU-T P.50 or
Single-Talk Speech according to ITU-T P.501 as Test Signal
Sidetone tests are alternatively offered with artificial voice according to
ITU-T P.50 or Single-Talk Speech according to ITU-T P.501 as test
signal (update key UPV-K9101, UPV-K9102 or UPV-K9103 required for
P.50 signal, update key UPV-K9103 required for P.501 signal).
The P.50 test signal simulates the spectrum and time structure of
human voice without having any semantic content or language-specific
characteristics. It consists of 10 seconds “female” voice and 10 seconds
“male” voice.
The P.501 single-talk test signal contains six sentences recorded with
male voices and six sentences recorded with female voices.
Other than with the modulated multisine, the reference spectra at the
respective inputs of the transmission path are measured in advance
and stored in files. Therefore the speech spectrum calibration for
sending direction is a prerequisite for this test (see chapter 3
“Calibration”).
To make sure that the spectral transform is performed on the same
portion of the test signal during reference spectrum measurement and
output spectrum measurement, the output spectrum measurement is
preceded by a delay measurement employing a sine burst. The start of
the measurement is then delayed against the playback of the test signal
by the measured amount of delay in the transmission path. If the
transmission path is interrupted, e.g. due to a dropped call, the test
stops with a suitable warning message.
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Sidetone Delay
The sidetone delay measurement is specified from release 8 of the
3GPP specifications for wideband AMR. Digital signal processing in the
sidetone path can cause a delay of the sidetone, which would result in
an annoying local echo in the handset or headset.
The test according to release 8 and 9 produces a short click in the
artificial mouth and analyzes the amplitude-over-time response at the
artificial ear, starting from the time when the click was produced at the
artificial mouth. The first occurring maximum after approx. 1 ms is
associated with the acoustic propagation from the HATS mouth to the
HATS ear. There may be more maxima during the first milliseconds due
to different propagation paths around the head. The time difference
between the last occurring maximum exceeding a pre-defined level
difference to the noise floor in the observed period, and the first peak, is
defined as sidetone delay. This value must not exceed 10 ms. If no
significant maximum is found before 8 ms from the start of the click at
the artificial mouth, the sidetone delay is defined to be smaller than 8
ms. In the measurement window, “< 8ms” is displayed as result
whereas in the report the value will be simply displayed as “0 ms”.
Fig. 86
Typical sidetone delay result according to release 8 and 9
From release 10 of 3GPP TS 26.132 the sidetone delay is measured by
cross-correlation between the electric input signal to the artificial mouth
and the electric signal from the artificial ear. The sidetone delay is
defined as difference between first and second maximum of the crosscorrelation envelope.
Test signal is a composite source signal (CSS) according to ITU-T
P.501 which consists of a voiced part and a pseudo-noise multisine
part. Before the test, the test signal is offline-filtered according to the
mouth speaker equalization curve obtained during mouth calibration.
This offline filtering is only performed when the valid speaker
equalization curve is newer than the file with the filtered test signal.
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Fig. 87 Typical sidetone delay result according to release 10
Roundtrip Delay
From Release 11 of 3GPP TS 26.131 and TS 26.132 the measurement
of the roundtrip delay is required. The roundtrip delay is defined as the
sum of the contributions of the UE under test to the uplink and downlink
end-to-end delay. To obtain the roundtrip delay value, the end-to-end
delay can either be measured separately for uplink and downlink, or the
loopback delay can be measured by establishing a loopback of the
voice data in the system simulator. In both cases the contribution of the
system simulator has to be subtracted from the measured end-to-end
delay.
Fig. 88 Typical roundtrip delay result according to release 11
The uplink, downlink or loopback delay is measured by cross-correlation
between the generator output signal and the analyser input signal.
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Test signal is a composite source signal (CSS) according to ITU-T
P.501 which consists of a voiced part and a pseudo-noise multisine
part. For uplink and loopback on the network side the test signal is
offline-filtered according to the mouth speaker equalization curve
obtained during mouth calibration. This offline filtering is only performed
when the valid speaker equalization curve is newer than the file with the
filtered test signal.
Echo Loss (TCLw)
The echo loss is the attenuation between the speech coder input and
the speech decoder output (gain of speech coder + decoder = 1).
Normally the echo is caused by internal acoustic coupling between the
telephone receiver and the microphone. Since the echo considerably
reduces the sound transmission quality, it must not exceed a certain
level.
For measurement of echo loss up to release 9 of 3GPP TS 26.132, the
testing shall be made under real use environmental conditions. A typical
“office-type” room should be used. The mobile phone under test is
suspended in free air. From release 10, echo loss is measured with the
handset or headset mounted on the HATS as for most other
measurements.
A modulated multitone signal according to ITU-T P.501 is generated as
a test signal and applied to the speech coder. First, the spectral energy
distribution of the generated signal is measured in the third-octave
bands from 200 Hz to 4 kHz. Then, the spectral distribution in the output
signal of the speech decoder is measured. The echo loss is calculated
from the differences of the bands according to ITU-T G.122. According
to 3GPP TS26.132, the mobile phone under test has to be fed for
approx. 10 s with the male and female version of artificial voice
according to ITU-T P.50 prior to this measurement. This training
sequence is to facilitate optimization for potential echo cancellers. A
quicker test without training sequence is available as “3GPP Echo loss
without training”.
The actual gain of the speech coder and decoder must also be considered
in the result. These values are obtained during codec calibration.
Fig. 89
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Typical result of echo loss measurement
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In addition, the attenuation of the echo path is displayed as a curve.
3GPP TS 26.131 specifies an echo loss of at least 46 dB; mobile
phones with good echo cancellers can meet this requirement. Since the
microphone of the mobile phone under test also picks up any side noise
and treats it like an echo, it is essential that the test chamber is well
shielded against external noise.
Stability Margin
The stability margin is measured to test the susceptibility of the phone
to acoustic feedback and instability.
For the test, the telephone is placed on an even, hard board with the
receiver and microphone pointing downwards.
Fig. 90
Window during stability margin test
A loop is closed in the R&S UPV between the receiving and the voice
channel, and an overall gain of 6 dB is set. The gain of the coder is
automatically taken into account (see also Echo Loss).
To activate the loop, a noise signal of -10 dBm0 in line with ITU-T O.131
is applied for 1 s and then switched off, with the loop remaining closed.
The test person has to listen to determine whether any resonances or
oscillations are produced. If there are no oscillations, the minimum
requirements according to 3GPP TS 26.131 for a stability margin of 6
dB are met.
The stability margin test is specified up to release 9 of 3GPP TS 26.132.
Stability Loss
From release 10 of 3GPP TS 26.132, the stability margin test case is
replaced by a stability loss test case. The test measured the attenuation
between input and output of the system simulator, similar to the echo
loss measurement. Other than with the echo loss measurement, the
result is not integrated over frequency, but the spectral minimum is
searched.
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The test routine first looks for valid delay results of the selected device
under test in sending and receiving direction. If no results are found, or
if the delay results are older than specified in the parameters of this
measurement, the UE has to be first mounted on the HATS for the
delay measurements.
When valid delay values are available, the mobile has to be set up
according to the following illustration:
min 400 mm
Clear Area
min 500 mm
Area of
Test Setup
min 400 mm
Clear Area
Surface min 500 mm
Fig. 91 Test setup for stability loss test
As soon as the operator has acknowledged the UE to be correctly
placed, a PN signal with high rms level is send to the network interface,
and the returned signal at the output of the system simulator after the
roundtrip delay is measured. The spectral attenuation is calculated from
the difference of the level spectra.
Fig. 92
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Window of stability loss test
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A second measurement is performed without test signal to show the
noise “floor” of the measurement. As the graph plots the path loss, the
noise-induced result will usually be above the stability loss result.
Echo Control Characteristics
The “Echo Control Characteristics” test has been added to 3GPP TS
26.132 in Release 11. It requires update key UPV-K9103 and option
second analog generator (UPV-B3). It is a so-called “double-talk” test in
which test signals are sent in both uplink and downlink direction
simultaneously. The signal sent by the mobile to the network simulator
is analyzed.
The uplink signal contains a section with single words separated by
pauses (“single near-end words”) and a section with continuous talk
(“continuous double-talk”). These sections are analysed separately.
In a first run, both uplink and downlink signals are played
simultaneously. In a second run only the uplink signal is played while
the downlink path is silent. The level difference between both situations
is anlayzed in frames of 5 ms. The results are summarized separately
for the following two categories:
“Double-talk” frames are defined as the frames where both the far-end
(receiving direction) signal includes active speech (extended with a
hang-over period of 200 ms) and the near-end signal is composed of
active speech.
“Far-end single-talk adjacent to double-talk” frames are similarly defined
as the frames with active far-end speech and no active near-end
speech.
The test method measures the duration of any level difference between
the sending signal of a double-talk sequence (where the echo canceller
has been exposed to simultaneous echo and near-end speech) and the
sending signal of the same near-end speech only. The level difference
is classified for each of the two situations (with and without
simultaneous downlink signal) and for each of the two classified frame
categories separately into eight categories according to the following
figure and table:
Fig. 93 Classification of level differences and their duration into
categories
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Cat
Level difference (ΔL)
A1
-4 dB ≤ ΔL < 4 dB
A2
-15 dB ≤ ΔL < -4 dB
B
ΔL < -15 dB
D < 25 ms
C
ΔL < -15 dB
25 ms ≤ D < 150 ms
D
ΔL < -15 dB
D ≥ 150 ms
Clipping resulting in loss
of words
E
ΔL ≥ 4 dB
D < 25 ms
Very short residual echo
F
ΔL ≥ 4 dB
25 ms ≤ D < 150 ms
G
ΔL ≥ 4 dB
D ≥ 150 ms
Table 3
Duration (D)
Description
Full-duplex and full
transparency
Full-duplex with level
loss in Tx
Very short clipping
Short clipping resulting
in loss of syllables
Echo bursts
Continuous echo
Description of categories
For each category, the ratio of frames in this category to the total
number of frames is given, as well as the average level difference.
Fig. 94 Result screen of the “Echo Control Characteristics” test.
Interpretation of the results:
A positive level difference means that the level of the signal sent by the
mobile is higher with simultaneous downlink speech than without. This
is an indication of echo.
Short duration (category E) indicated short echo bursts.
Long duration (category G) indicates continuous echo.
A negative level difference is an indication of clipped uplink speech.
Short duration (category B) indicates short clipping, e.g. at the start of
sentences or words.
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Medium duration (category C) indicates loss of syllables.
Long duration (category D) indicates continuous high attenuation.
Sending Distortion
The SINAD (signal to noise and distortion) ratio in the transmit path is
measured as a function of the sound level.
A pulsed sinusoidal tone with a pulse length of approx. 360 ms is used
for the measurement. For tests according to up to release 8
(narrowband) and up to release 7 (wideband), the frequency of the tone
is 1015 Hz. For measurements according to later releases the
frequency is 1020 Hz (see also table 12 below). At these frequencies,
coding yields a sufficiently stable output signal. Voice activity detection
continues to be active in the mobile phone under test due to this
pulsating signal.
The mobile phone under test is installed in the LRGP or on the HATS.
The test signal is generated with the artificial mouth at the MRP (mouth
reference point) and the SINAD value of the received signal is
measured at the R&S CMU200 decoder output.
The acoustic reference level (ARL) is defined as the sound pressure
which creates a signal level of -10 dBm0 in the transmit channel. An
automatic routine varies the sound pressure at the artificial mouth until
the desired level is attained. This value is then used as a reference for
determining the SINAD value versus level.
The SINAD value is measured at sound pressures between -35 dB and
+10 dB relative to the acoustic reference level (ARL) and compared with
the limits specified in table 7 of 26.131 of 3GPP.
Signal processing of a modern mobile phone comprises a voice activity
detector which determines whether a voice signal is present or whether
the sending signal just comprises background noise. With such mobile
phones the sending distortion test according to 3GPP TS 26.132 before
release 6.0.0 may be failed at low levels because the 1 kHz sinewave
test signal is classified as background noise and suppressed. For this
reason the sending distortion measurement according to release 6.0.0
and onwards omits levels below -25 dB and starts at high test tone
levels gradually reducing the level. For this release, use “3GPP
Distortion sending, Rel. 6”, for earlier releases use “3GPP Distortion
sending, Rel. 4/5”.
The measurement is performed up to a maximum sound pressure of
10 dBPa at the artificial mouth if the value 10 dB relative to ARL with
10 dBPa cannot be attained. The actual trace may therefore end at a lower
pressure. This occurs for mobile phones under test which have a low
sensitivity in the transmit direction.
If the measured trace is above the limit line, PASS is output, otherwise
FAIL is displayed.
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Fig. 95
Sending distortion measurement
For tests in WB-AMR mode starting from release 8 of 3GPP TS 26.131
and TS 26.132, additional measurements are performed at the
frequencies of 315 Hz, 408 Hz, 510 Hz and 816 Hz with a SPL of -4.7
dBPa at the MRP. Other than in the previous version of the test, the
levels are not defined relative to ARL, but as absolute SPL at the MRP.
A MMS activation signal is issued before each measurement to activate
the VAD (voice activity detector) of the mobile under test. To avoid an
impact of the activation signal on the result due to the processing delay
in the transmission chain, the test routine comprises a delay
measurement. The start of the analysis is delayed against the start of
the test signal by the measured delay time.
Fig. 96
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Sending distortion measurement for wideband according to
release 8
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From release 9, version 9.2 of 3GPP TS 26.132, a CSS activation
signal is recommended for test of narrowband and wideband terminals.
Alternatively an activation signal specified by the terminal manufacturer
may be used. Update key UPV-K9101 or UPV-K9102 is required for this
version of the distortion test.
Fig. 97
Recommended activation signal according to version 9.2
The UPV-K9x software provides the CSS activation signal as a default.
However, before first use the signal has to be imported using “Options
 Activation Signal  Import” (see Chapter 2). This step checks the
conditions on the wav file and calculates the active level of the signal.
With the same menu item also other wave files can be imported for use
as activation signal. The wav files must be mono with 48 kHz sampling
frequency and have a duration of 10 seconds or less.
For the sending direction the activation signal must be pre-equalized
according to the inverse frequency response of the artificial mouth. This
can be done during import of the wav file. After a re-calibration of the
artificial mouth, the equalization has become obsolete and has to be redone. The macro for the test case automatically detects an obsolete
equalization of the activation signal and does a new equalization before
the test is started.
If more than one activation signal is imported at the same time, the
signal to be used can be globally chosen with menu item “Options 
Activation Signal  Select”. In addition, the measurement definition for
this test case has a parameter to specify the file name without
extension of the activation signal to be used. If this parameter is
provided, it overrides the global choice of the activation signal. Thus the
test can be repeated several times within a sequence, using different
activation signals.
The test macro for distortion tests with activation signals from wav files
also provides a spectrum display of the signal sent by the mobile. This
is provided for information e.g. for troubleshooting purpose.
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Fig. 98
Spectrum display of the sending distortion test
During the test, the latest spectrum is displayed. After the test has
finished, button “Show Spectrum” or “Hide Spectrum”, respectively,
toggles between spectrum display and result display. In this state the
spectra to be displayed can be configured in the context menu of the
graph, and the spectra can be exported to ASCII files.
The spectrum display is only available for distortion tests according to
release 9 and later.
Receiving Distortion
The SINAD (signal to noise and distortion) ratio in the receiving path is
measured as a function of the acoustic signal level.
A pulsed sinusoidal tone is used for the measurement. For tests
according to up to release 8 (narrowband) and up to release 7
(wideband), the frequency of the tone is 1015 Hz. For measurements
according to later releases the frequency is 1020 Hz (see also table 12
below). At these frequencies, coding yields a sufficiently stable output
signal.
Voice activity detection continues to be active in the mobile phone under
test due to this pulsating signal.
The mobile phone under test is installed in the LRGP (ITU-T P.76) with
the receiver is sealed to the artificial ear, or on the HATS.
The test signal is applied to the input of the R&S CMU200 speech
coder, and the SINAD value of the sound pressure in the artificial ear is
measured with psophometric weighting according to ITU-T G.714.
The SINAD value of the sound pressure is measured at levels between
-45 dBm0 and 0 dBm0 and compared with the limits given in table 8 of
3GPP TS 26.131.
The measurement is performed up to a maximum sound pressure of
10 dBPa in the artificial ear; the actual trace may end at an earlier point.
If the operator desires to see the receiving distortion value at the point
exceeding 10 dBPa, this can be achieved by pressing the “add
measurement” button. This causes the measurement to be repeated at
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all specified levels. The second measurement is not taken into account
for reporting and Pass/Fail decision.
If the measured trace is above the limit line, PASS is output, otherwise
FAIL is displayed.
Fig. 99
Typical result of receiving distortion measurement
For tests in WB-AMR mode starting from release 8 of 3GPP TS 26.131
and TS 26.132, additional measurements are performed at the
frequencies of 315 Hz, 408 Hz, 510 Hz and 816 Hz with a digital level of
-16 dBm0 at the network interface (encoder input). An activation signal
precedes the test signal. To avoid an impact of the activation signal on
the result due to the processing delay in the transmission chain, the test
routine comprises a delay measurement. The start of the analysis is
delayed against the start of the test signal by the measured delay time.
Fig. 100 Typical result of receiving distortion measurement in wideband
according to release 8.
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From release 9, version 9.2 of 3GPP TS 26.132, a CSS activation
signal is recommended for test of narrowband and wideband terminals
(see previous section about sending distortion tests). Alternatively an
activation signal specified by the terminal manufacturer may be used.
Update key UPV-K9101 or UPV-K9102 is required for this version of the
distortion test.
The UPV-K9x software provides the CSS activation signal as a default.
However, before first use the signal has to be imported using “Options
 Activation Signal  Import” (see Chapter 2). This step checks the
conditions on the wav file and calculates the active level of the signal.
With the same menu item also other wave files can be imported for use
as activation signal. The wav files must be mono with 48 kHz sampling
frequency and have a duration of 10 seconds or less.
If more than one activation signal is imported at the same time, the
signal to be used can be globally chosen with menu item “Options 
Activation Signal  Select”. In addition, the measurement definition for
this test case has a parameter to specify the file name without
extension of the activation signal to be used. If this parameter is
provided, it overrides the global choice of the activation signal. Thus the
test can be repeated several times within a sequence, using different
activation signals.
The test macro for distortion tests with activation signals from wav files
also provides a spectrum display of the signal output at the earpiece of
the mobile. This is provided for information e.g. for troubleshooting
purpose.
Fig. 101 Spectrum display of the receiving distortion test
During the test, the latest spectrum is displayed. After the test has
finished, button “Show Spectrum” or “Hide Spectrum”, respectively,
toggles between spectrum display and result display. In this state the
spectra to be displayed can be configured in the context menu of the
graph, and the spectra can be exported to ASCII files.
The spectrum display is only available for distortion tests according to
release 9 and later.
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Idle Channel Noise Sending
The noise voltage at the speech decoder output is measured with the
phone set up in a quiet environment (< 30 dB(A)).
The mobile phone under test is installed in the LRGP (ITU-T P.76) or on
the HATS.
The decoder output voltage is measured, weighted and recalculated for
the internal level in dBm0p.
For the narrow band test, the weighting is done psophometrically
according to ITU-T G.223. For the wideband version of the test, A
weighting according to IEC 60651 is applied.
To keep the mobile phone under test in the normal operating mode, a
pulsed signal is applied. The noise level is measured during the signal
pauses. The voice activity decoder (VAD) is activated and the mobile
phone remains in the active normal sending mode.
The idle noise level should not exceed -64 dBm0p. The measured noise
voltage is also displayed as a spectrum, making it easier to find causes
if the limit value is exceeded.
Fig. 102 Typical result of sending noise measurement
The idle channel noise test employs a sinewave activation signal to
activate the sending path of the mobile. To avoid the activation signal
leaking into the measurement, a delay measurement is performed first.
If the signal path is interrupted, e.g. due to a dropped call, the
measurement is aborted with a suitable message.
From release 10 of 3GPP TS 26.132, idle channel noise measurements
also comprise the determination of a spectral maximum to detect
single-frequency disturbances. The spectral maximum is determined
from a 8192 points FFT in a 48 kHz sample rate system. The test
system averages five subsequent measurements, whereby spectral
maxima to be averaged can occur at different frequencies during
averaging. This version of the idle channel noise test requires update
key UPV-K9102.
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Fig. 103 Sending noise measurement according to release 10
Idle Channel Noise Receiving
The sound pressure in the artificial ear is measured with the phone set
up in a quiet environment.
The mobile phone under test is installed in the LRGP (ITU-T P.76) with
the receiver sealed to the artificial ear, or mounted on the HATS.
The sound pressure in the artificial ear is measured with A-weighting
on.
To keep the mobile phone under test in the normal operating mode, a
pulsed signal is applied to the speech coder input. The noise level is
measured during the signal pauses. The voice activity decoder is
activated and the mobile phone remains in the active normal receiving
mode.
With rated loudness set on the mobile phone, the sound pressure
should not exceed -57 dBPa(A). In this case use test “3GPP Idle
channel noise receiving, nom. Vol”.
At maximum receiving loudness, the sound pressure should not exceed
-54 dBPa(A). In this case use test “3GPP Idle channel noise receiving,
max. Vol”.
The measured noise voltage is also displayed as a spectrum, making it
easier to find causes if the limit value is exceeded.
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Fig. 104 Typical result of receiving noise measurement
The idle channel noise test employs a sinewave activation signal to
activate the sending path of the mobile. To avoid the activation signal
leaking into the measurement, a delay measurement is performed first.
If the signal path is interrupted, e.g. due to a dropped call, the
measurement is aborted with a suitable message.
From release 10 of 3GPP TS 26.132, idle channel noise measurements
also comprise the determination of a spectral maximum to detect
single-frequency disturbances. The spectral maximum is determined
from a 8192 points FFT in a 48 kHz sample rate system. The test
system averages five subsequent measurements, whereby spectral
maxima to be averaged can occur at different frequencies during
averaging. This version of the idle channel noise test requires update
key UPV-K9102.
Fig. 105 Receiving noise measurement according to release 10
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This measurement makes high demands on the sound insulation of the
test chamber and the S/N ratio of the measuring microphone including
preamplifier in the artificial ear. A comparison measurement with the
test mobile phone switched off or without a DUT shows the
measurement reserves of the test equipment. Due to the low inherent
noise of the Audio Analyzer R&S UPV, measurements can be made to
about -80 dBPa(A) at 0 dB microphone gain, and even to lower values
when a higher microphone gain is set.
Ambient Noise Rejection
Ambient noise rejection describes the weighted ratio of voice signal
transmission to transmission of ambient noise. An ANR value >0 dB
means that voice as the useful signal is transmitted more loudly than
any ambient noise. The minimum requirement according to 3GPP TS
26.131 is ANR > 0 dB. A value >= 3 dB is recommended. From version
5.1 (with the exception of wideband measurement according to release
6 and 7), an additional allowance of 3 dB should take measurement
tolerances into account, such that the effective minimum value is -3 dB.
To perform this measurement, a homogeneous noise field for
simulating the noise in the environment has to be generated. This
sound field must be generated by additional loudspeakers and noise
generators. To obtain a sufficiently homogeneous sound field, several
uncorrelated generators and loudspeakers are required. The use of 2 to
8 generators and loudspeakers is common practice. The noise sources
have to generate pink noise (spectral power density ~ 1/f). The
permissible error in the relevant third-octave bands must be smaller
than ±3 dB with the frequency response of the loudspeakers used also
being taken into account. Please refer to application note 1GA51,
available on the R&S download web site, for suggestions how to
generate the noise field for the ambient noise rejection test.
The adjustment and testing of the sound field is done as a calibration
process (see section 4 above). With sufficient long-term stability of the
noise generators and loudspeakers it can be used for a number of
subsequent tests. Alignment of the noise field has to be repeated if
anything in the setup of the noise sources (loudspeaker position,
amplifier gain etc.) is changed. Furthermore it is recommended to check
the noise field in regular intervals.
After the noise field calibration, the artificial mouth and the artificial ear
must be installed again for the actual measurement of ANR. The MRP
must be installed at the same position as the reference microphone had
during the calibration of the noise field.
The mobile phone under test is installed in the LRGP (ITU-T P.76) or on
the HATS (ITU-T P.58). If installed on the LRGP, the receiver is sealed
to the artificial ear.
Set up a call to the R&S CMU200 and set the bit stream to "Handset
Low" (GSM) or the dedicated channel voice to "Speechcodec Low"
(WCDMA).
At first the noise spectrum picked up by the phone and sent on the
uplink is measured. After completion of the measurement, the request
to switch off the noise field will be displayed on the screen. If this is
confirmed, the speech sending sensitivity will be measured
automatically and the ANR value will be calculated afterwards.
The minimum value in the tests named “…, w. 3 dB uncert. allow.” is 3 dB. In all other ANR tests the minimum requirement is 0 dB.
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Fig. 106 Typical result of ambient noise rejection measurement
The graph displays the difference of the room noise sensitivity and the
speech sending sensitivity (DELSM) for information.
Speech Quality in Presence of Ambient Noise
Setup
Fig. 107 Setup for measurement “speech quality in presence of
background noise”
The arrangement of the elements in the block schematic does not
reflect the physical setup in the test room. See ETSI ES 202396-1 for
details on the requirements for the test room and the speaker setup.
For the speaker positioning the following rules and advice apply:
•
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•
Distance of each of the four full-range speakers from the center
of the HATS is 2m
•
Avoid positioning any speaker in any of the room corners
•
Avoid positioning of speakers including subwoofer or HATS
exactly
in the room center or at one half, one third or one fourth of the
room length or width
Connections
Connect
1. LAN socket of UPV to LAN socket of UPP
2. UPP trigger output to UPV trigger input
3. UPP-Z8A output 3 to input of front left active speaker
4. UPP-Z8A output 4 to input of rear left active speaker
5. UPP-Z8A output 5 to input of front right active speaker
6. UPP-Z8A output 6 to input of rear right active speaker
7. UPP-Z8A configured subwoofer output (by default 7) to input of
active subwoofer
8. UPV generator output 1 to artificial mouth via drive amplifier
9. Artificial ears to microphone power supply during noise field
calibration
10. During the acquisition for the speech quality evaluation, a ¼”
microphone is connected to UPV analyzer input 1 via the
microphone power supply
11. Output 1 of the USB sound card to UPV analyzer input 2.
Prerequisites
•
Reference Microphone Calibration
•
Artificial Mouth Calibration
•
Codec Calibration
•
Noise Field Calibration
Measurement
Place the reference microphone close to the opening of the UE’s main
microphone.
Start the test case from the “Measurement” or “Standard” menu. The
test will start right away in the following processing order:
1. Measurement of uplink delay
2. Acquisition of unprocessed signal and processed signal for all
ambiances
3. Processing of the acquired signals with simultaneous display of
the results according to the progress
4. Deleting of temporary files.
Each measurement can be repeated by clicking “Repeat current
sequence” in the status box:
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Fig. 108 Setup for measurement “speech quality in presence of
background noise”
The “cancel” button cancels the complete measurement.
The button with the crossed speaker symbol stops the playback of the
noise and test signal and aborts the current acquisition which can be
repeated thereafter.
Results are S-MOS, N-MOS and G-MOS for each ambience and overall
average. The green values are the averages over all sentences, and the
grey values are the standard deviations between the sentences.
ANR Tests using Artificial Voice according to ITU-T P.50 as Test
Signal
Sending, receiving, sidetone and ambient noise rejection tests are
alternatively offered with artificial voice according to ITU-T P.50 as test
signal. This version of the ambient noise rejection test requires update
key UPV-K9101 or UPV-K9102.
The test signal simulates the spectrum and time structure of human
voice without having any semantic content or language-specific
characteristics. It consists of 10 seconds “female” voice and 10 seconds
“male” voice.
Other than with the modulated multisine, the reference spectra at the
respective inputs of the transmission path are measured in advance
and stored in files. Therefore the speech spectrum calibration for
sending direction is a prerequisite for this test (see chapter 3
“Calibration”).
To make sure that the spectral transform is performed on the same
portion of the test signal during reference spectrum measurement and
output spectrum measurement, the output spectrum measurement is
preceded by a delay measurement employing a sine burst. The start of
the measurement is then delayed against the playback of the test signal
by the measured amount of delay in the transmission path. If the
transmission path is interrupted, e.g. due to a dropped call, the test
stops with a suitable warning message.
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Notes on Hands-Free Measurements
General Remarks
The standards 3GPP TS 26.131 and TS 26.132 define requirements
and test specifications for the tests of the acoustic behaviour of the
mobile phone in this mode, but not all details are specified yet.
R&S UPV-K91 3GPP Mobile Phone tests provide test cases for
handheld hands-free and desktop hands-free mode with narrow band
and wideband speech. Test specifications and limits for hands free car
kits are the same as for desk top hands-free terminals.
Hands-free tests with R&S UPV-K91 support the use of either artificial
mouth according to ITU-T P.51 together with a free field measurement
microphone or alternatively the use of a HATS with type 3.3 or 3.4
artificial ear and artificial mouth according to ITU-T P.58.
Test Setup
All tests must be performed in an anechoic room. Background noise
must be less than 24 dBSPL(A). Furthermore the room should be big
enough and its walls should have sufficient absorption to provide nearly
free-field conditions at the hands-free reference point. Not all test boxes
which are appropriate for handset tests can be used for hands free
measurements.
If a free-field microphone with a discrete P. 51 mouth is used, it should
be configured to the Handheld hands-free UE as per Figure 58 for
receiving measurements and Figure 59 for sending measurements. The
measurement instrument should be located at a distance dHF from the
centre of the visual display of the mobile station. The distance dHF is
specified by the manufacturer.
Fig. 109 Configuration of handheld hands-free UE, free-field
microphone for receiving measurements
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Fig. 110 Configuration of handheld hands-free UE and artificial mouth
according to ITU-T P.51 for sending measurements
If a HATS is used, the measurement can either be performed binaurally
(with two artificial ears and correction of the RLR by 6 dB) or monaural.
The selection of acoustic accessories used for the hands free tests can
be entered in menu item “Options  Hands free settings”.
Fig. 111 Hands free settings
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Fig. 112 Configuration of handheld hands-free UE with HATS
For desk top hands-free it is referred to ITU-T P. 340 (http://www.itu.int)
for the use of free field microphone and discrete P.51 mouth. The
2
hands free terminal should be placed on a table of approximately 1 m
with the centre of its front edge 400 mm perpendicularly from the centre
of the front edge of the table. The surface area should not be less than
2
0.96 m and its width should not be less than 0.8 m. The front centre of
the measuring microphone or centre of the lip ring, respectively, should
be placed 300 mm above the centre of the front edge of the table with
the axis of the microphone or artificial mouth inclined towards the centre
of the front edge of the hands-free terminal.
For the use of a HATS with both types of hands-free terminals it is
referred to ITU-T P.581. For handheld hands free the setup of ITU-T
P.581 corresponding to “portable hands-free” should be used. For desk
top hands-free, the centre of the lip ring is positioned as described
above, but the axis of the artificial mouth should be horizontal.
Acoustic Calibration for Hands Free Tests
The calibration for the free field microphone or type 3.3 or type 3.4
HATS ear, respectively, is done as described in chapter 4 above.
For binaural measurements, the second artificial ear has to be
calibrated accordingly, using the sub-item “Second Type 3.3 ear” or
“Second type 3.4 ear”, respectively, in “Calibration  Artificial Ear”.
Note that the second artificial ear must be connected to Analyzer input 2
instead of the R&S CMU200 connection.
According to 3GPP TS 26.132, free field equalization has to be taken
into account. Free field data can either be imported as an average table
from the standard or from an individual calibration disk, using the menu
item “Calibration  Free field equalization”.
The calibration of the artificial mouth for hands free tests comprises two
additional steps. After the level has been adjusted and the frequency
response has been equalized at the MRP, the reference microphone
has to be repositioned at the so-called Hands-Free Reference Point
(HFRP or HATSHFRP).
For the mouth according to ITU-T P.51 the HFRP is in 50 cm distance
from the lip ring on the axis of the mouth. The calibration has to be
performed at this point independent of the measuring distance currently
used.
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The HATS HFRP is stipulated in ITU-T P.581. It is one of the points 11
to 17 defined in table 6a of ITU-T P.58. It should be on the axis which is
closest to the actual axis from the lip ring to the microphone under test.
The distance is always 50 cm from the lip ring. The axis may be
azimuthally centric (i.e. 0° horizontally) with an elevation (vertical) angle
of 0°, ±15° or ±30°. Points 16 and 17 are located on an axis with 0°
elevation and an azimuth angle of 15° or 30°.
The level at this point is adjusted to -28.7 dBPa. For the last step, the
reference microphone is returned to the MRP, and the level and
spectrum at the MRP are measured as reference for the transfer
function calculation.
The mouth calibration for hands-free tests is started with the menu item
“Calibration  Artificial Mouth (Hands Free)”. This procedure comprises
the mouth calibration for handset tests and has also effect on
subsequent handset tests with the same individual artificial mouth.
“Utilites” Measurements
This item of the “Standards” menu contains useful measurements which
are either from other standards or for checking test conditions.
Sidetone Distortion
A sidetone distortion test is specified in 3GPP TS 51.010 30.8 for
measurements using the DAI. As the downlink conveys only silence
during this test, it is, however, more or less independent of the kind of
transmission between system simulator and mobile. The sidetone
rd
distortion test determines 3 order harmonic distortion at a given set of
frequencies (in the case of TS 51.010 at 315, 500 and 1000 Hz) with a
level of -4.7 dBPa at the MRP. The third order harmonic distortion is
required to be less than 10 % (-20 dB) at all frequencies.
Fig. 113 Sidetone distortion test
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Gain Variation Tests
Gain variation tests in sending and receiving direction are specified in
3GPP TS 43.050 Annex C.5. The limits given in TS 43.050, sections
3.9.1 and 3.9.2 are meant for measurement over DAI and cannot be
fulfilled when a Codec is in the transmission chain. The configurable
versions of the gain variation tests allow to define specific limit curves.
Fig. 114 Sending gain variation test
Delay Measurements
Sending and receiving delay can only be measured end-to-end, i.e. from
the acoustic origin of the artificial mouth to the decoder output of the
system simulator or from the encoder input of the system simulator to
the DRP. The measurements offered with R&S UPV-K91 allow to
subtract the estimated delay of the R&S CMU200 from the total
measured value. As the data is interleaved on the air interface, no exact
time instance can be determined when the audio data are transmitted
between mobile phone and system simulator. The values used in the
present measurements are estimations with an uncertainty of about 10
ms. The delay measurement is performed for a given set of
frequencies, and an average is calculated over all frequencies.
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Fig. 115 Sending delay measurement
Background Noise Measurements
3GPP TS 26.132 demands the background noise in the test room to be
below -64 dBPa(A) for idle channel noise measurements and below
-30 dBPa(A) for all other handset measurements. For hands free
measurements the background noise needs to be below -70 dBPa. The
background noise measurements offered in R&S UPV-K91 check the
overall noise level against these limits and display the spectrum of the
noise. A lower limit assures that the test is not erroneously passed if no
microphone is connected or the microphone supply is switched off. The
test requires a diffuse field (pressure field) microphone to be connected
to analyzer input 1 and to be placed in the test room, preferably at the
place of the MRP.
Fig. 116 Background noise measurement
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If the noise in the test room does not fulfil the requirements it may first
be attempted to remove noise sources in the vicinity of the test
chamber. If no further reduction is possible, the sound isolation of the
chamber should be improved. This can be achieved e.g. by heavier
walls. Low frequency noise may possibly be conducted as structure
borne sound, which may be reduced by an isolating support of the
chamber. High frequency noise can be caused by a leakage e.g. at the
door and may be reduced by an improved gasket.
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6 Customizing Measurements
Measurements which implement a test case of a standard are locked
and cannot be edited. However, for each measurement type there is
also a configurable measurement provided, in which the limits can be
customized. The parameters of the measurements are accessible
through the menu item “Config. Meas.”
Fig. 117 Measurement configuration menu
Clicking on one of the entries opens a window in which all parameters
can be viewed and most of them can be customized:
Fig. 118 Measurement parameters window
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As Sequences create copies of the parameter files, each instance of a
measurement in a sequence can have different settings which remain
independent of the setting of this measurement in the main window and
in other sequences. It is for example possible to compile a sequence
with a number of stability margin tests having different loop gain.
The titles of the tests and the messages displayed to the operator
before start of the measurement can also be edited in the “Parameters”
window.
To facilitate copies of test definitions with small adaptations, it is
possible to store a copy of the current parameter set under a different
file name (button “Save copy”). Each measurement definition must have
a unique title to be distinguished from other definitions like for example
the original from which the copy was made.
For the purpose of making adapted copies it is possible to unlock a
standard test definition (uncheck the “Locked” checkbox). In this case
the “ok” button is disabled to avoid unintentional changes in standard
tests.
All newly created test definitions appear in the last sub-menu of the
“Standards” menu” (“More…”).
Editing Parameters
Parameters can be edited by entering their number in the “number” field
below the data grid and clicking “Edit”.
Fig. 119 Entry window for parameters
Note that the type conformity of the entered value is checked, but not
the value itself against any range limits.
Editing Limit Curves
Clicking “Add” or “Edit” below the data grid for the limit curves opens the
window for selecting limit files.
It is important to know that limit files have to start with the label “UPV
LIMIT FILE” in the first line. They have to be ANSI coded, and the X and
Y values have to be separated by a “TAB” character in each line.
Note that currently “Desired” limit curves are not supported in all test
routines. Most of the measurement allow to specify either lower limits or
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upper limits or both. An exception is formed by the sending response
and receiving response measurements. As the limit template is
centered around the measured curve with these measurements, upper
and lower mandatory limits have to be specified pair-wise.
An existing limit file can be selected using the “browse” button. New
limit files can be created by copying an existing limit file and editing the
copy with a text editor (“Send to  Notepad” in the context menu of the
file in the windows explorer). The number of data points on the curve
must be specified in the “Datacount” line.
Fig. 120 Entry window for selecting limit curves
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7 Measurements with electric connections
Introduction
Usually the mobile under test is connected via RF connection to the
R&S CMU200 and via acoustic interfaces (artificial mouth and ear) to
the R&S UPV. Therefore no intrusion in the mobile device is required.
There may, however, be cases during the design process of a mobile
phone where the usual interfaces are not available:
-
if a mechanic mockup is to be measured just with the acoustic
components but without the rest of the circuitry
-
if a circuit of a mobile phone is to be measured without acoustic
components
-
if a hands free kit or headset is to be measured without mobile
phone
-
if the hands free or headset connection of a mobile phone is to be
measured without hands free kit or headset, respectively.
In these cases either coder and decoder or artificial ear and artificial
mouth may be replaced by direct electrical connections to the
R&S UPV. To use electric connections, select “Electric connection” in
the respective item of the “Options” menu.
Calibration values for electric connections
Electrical connections cannot be calibrated. Instead a virtual sensitivity
has to be entered for each type of electrical connection under
“Calibration  Electric connections  …”.
Electric connection replacing artificial ear
R&S UPV Analyzer input 1 is directly connected to the earpiece
amplifier output.
A nominal sensitivity of the receiver (earpiece speaker) for which the
circuit is intended has to be entered in dB re 1 Pa/V.
Electric connection replacing artificial mouth
R&S UPV generator output 1 is directly connected to the microphone
input of the mobile phone circuit.
A nominal sensitivity of the microphone for which the circuit is intended
has to be entered in dB re 1 V/Pa.
Electric connection replacing encoder
R&S UPV generator output 2 is directly connected to a earpiece or
headset speaker or to the speech input of a hands free kit.
A nominal full scale output voltage (output voltage corresponding to
digital full scale) of the circuit intended to drive the speaker or car kit
has to be entered.
Electric connection replacing decoder
R&S UPV analyzer input 2 is directly connected to a microphone or to
the speech output of a hands free kit.
A nominal full scale input voltage (input voltage corresponding to digital
full scale) of the respective microphone or speech input has to be
entered.
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Performing the measurements
After applying the settings in the “Options” menu and after entering
appropriate calibration values for the electric connections in use, the
measurements may be started as usual.
Some parts of the standard require the use of particular artificial ears for
particular measurements. Therefore the checkbox “Allow only selected
measurements” should be unchecked in “Options  Standard”.
For sending tests, the output voltage range in the R&S UPV is set to a
large value in order to be able to drive the speaker of the artificial
mouth. In rare cases sending distortion and/or sending noise results
may be degraded with electric connections if a low microphone
sensitivity is entered. In this case please contact R&S support.
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8 Automatic Test Sequences
Fig. 121 Sequence menu
Creating and Editing a Sequence
The menu item “Sequence  New” first produces a window where a
name for the new sequence has to be entered. Subsequently the
sequence window opens.
Fig. 122 Sequence window
Initially the right checked list box is empty. The tree view box on the left
side displays all available measurement definitions structured according
to the standards, similar to their order in the “Standards” menu. A
measurement is appended to the sequence by highlighting it in the tree
view box on the left side and clicking the “Append” button. Subsequently
a measurement, which is highlighted in the checked list box on the right
side, can be moved within the sequence using the buttons “Move up”
and “Move down” and deleted from the sequence with the “Delete X”
button. For non-standard measurements which allow to change
parameters like limit curves, it is possible to edit the parameters before
appending the measurement to the sequence. This is done by clicking
the button “Edit and append”. It is for example possible to assemble a
test sequence which contains stability margin tests with different loop
gains.
A sequence should be run with option “Show operator instructions”
disabled. This avoids interruption of the execution. If a message to the
operator is to be inserted into the sequence on purpose, e.g. “Set user
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volume control to maximum!”, the items provided in the tree view under
“Messages and Control” may be used. Such a message will stop the
execution of the sequence until it is closed by acknowledgement of the
operator.
Remote Control of R&S CMU200 within a Sequence
It is possible to remote control radiocommunication tester R&S CMU200
from the R&S UPV within an automatic test sequence, for example to
wait for a mobile to register, or for originating a call to the mobile. First
the connection interface to the R&S CMU200 has to be set up using
menu item “Options  CMU remote control”. To insert a control
instance into a sequence, choose one of the examples offered in
branch “Messages and Control” of the tree view and edit it if necessary.
For details on the remote control of the R&S CMU200 see the
respective operation manuals.
Each control instance consists of a block of an arbitrary number of
remote commands followed by a status query. The query command
(e.g. “SIGN:STAT?”) and the response to wait for (e.g. “SYNC” or
“CEST”) can be specified as well as a timeout for the case that the
desired response is not received. As the R&S CMU200 is organized into
subsystems for the different mobile phone systems / GSM bands, the
subsystem has to be specified as a parameter. Parameter “Auto”
causes the control instance to use the subsystem set with menu item
“Options  CMU Subsystem”. Note that for different GSM bands the
remote commands are usually compatible, but they are not always
compatible between GSM and WCDMA.
In addition, a message to the operator like “Please switch on the
mobile!” can be entered in the “Operator Instruction” field of the
parameter window. Parameter 1 allows to choose whether the message
is shown before or after the block of commands is sent to the
R&S CMU200.
When the R&S CMU200 control instance is executed within a
sequence, a window opens, showing the progress of the control action.
Note:
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By default, the R&S CMU200 changes its state when
switching from local control to remote control or vice versa.
As a consequence, synchronicity / registration or an
established call would be lost during the transition. Therefore
the command “SYSTem:GTRMode:COMPatible OFF” has to
be issued before the first real remote control instance. Insert
“CMU run this first!” in your sequence before any other
remote CMU remote control.
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Fig. 123 CMU remote control window
“Action” shows the current remote control action. “Target state” shows
the desired query response. “CMU Response” shows the actual
response of the R&S CMU200 to the query. Error information returned
from the R&S CMU200 after the last command / query is displayed in
the “Error” field. The “Communication” box lists all commands and
responses issued during the control process. During the status query,
the box “Time left” shows the time left until the timeout expires.
Opening an Existing Sequence
The menu item “Sequence  Open …” opens a file selector for
specifying the sequence to be loaded. The sequence file is usually
found in a subfolder of D:\3GPP with the same name as the sequence.
The sequence window opens with the specified sequence loaded. The
sequence can then be edited and/or run.
Running a Sequence
When the softkey “Start sequence” is pressed, all checked
measurements in the right list box are executed in sequence. The state
of the checkboxes may be altered by marking a measurement and then
clicking on the checkbox.
A running sequence may be interrupted with one of the buttons in the
measurement control window which is visible while a measurement is
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running. “Cancel and continue sequence” cancels the currently running
measurement and resumes execution of the sequence with the next
measurement. “Cancel and stop sequence” aborts both running
measurement and sequence. “Stop sequence after this measurement”
completes the running measurement and stops the sequence
afterwards.
Fig. 124 Measurement control window
Running a Single Measurement out of a Sequence
A single measurement of a sequence may be started by highlighting the
measurement in the right checked list box and clicking the button “Run
Highlighted”.
Reporting on Sequence Results
A report on all executed measurements of the last run sequence is
prepared and displayed after the “Report Sequence” softkey has been
pressed. After the sequence window has been closed, a report on the
last sequence can be obtained by pressing the “Report last sequence”
softkey in the main window.
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9
Reporting, Storing, Loading and Deleting Results
Result Files
Measurement results are stored together with all associated data in
XML files. Separate files can be used for different projects or operators.
They can be archived together with other project data and re-opened
later for generating reports.
It is recommended to keep result files small and to generate backups at
frequent intervals.
Fig. 125 File menu
A new (empty) result file can be created with “File  New Result File”
from the main menu.
An existing result file can be opened with “File  Open Result File”
from the main menu.
A currently opened result file can be stored under a new name with “File
 Store results as” from the main menu.
Report Settings
With “Report  Settings” or “Options  Report settings”, a selection
can be made of data which should appear in the reports. Thus,
information which is the same for a larger number of measurements
does not have to be printed with every report again.
The size of diagrams in the report can be scaled between 100%
(approx. page width) and 50%.
Generating a Single Report
A report on a single measurement result can be generated from the
window of a measurement macro by clicking or pressing the softkey
“Generate report”.
From the result overview of the main window, a report on a single
measurement can be generated by marking the row with the selected
result by clicking on the row header to the left (see Fig. 12), rightclicking into the data grid and selecting “Generate report” from the
context menu.
Subsequently data associated with the selected measurement is
assembled, a graph for existing curve data is generated, and the
preview window is opened. Depending on the amount of measurement
data, this may take a few seconds.
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Generating a Sequence Report
A report on a sequence of measurements can be generated from the
sequence window by clicking or pressing the softkey “Report
sequence”.
Once the sequence window has been closed, a report on the last
executed sequence can be generated by selecting “Report  Last
sequence” from the main menu. Reports about previous sequences can
be generated as single reports on the measurements of this sequence,
as all results appear in the overview data grid in the main window.
Selection Report
A report on a selection of measurements can be generated from the
results overview data grid in the main window by marking the rows with
the desired results in the “Select” column and choosing item “Report
Selection  Report Selected Results” (see Fig. 11). Rows marked with
“XXXXX” in the “Select” column will be added to the report. The
selection can be toggled by clicking into the respective “Select” cells.
Note that another cell must be clicked before the same cell can be
toggled again.
Preview Window
Fig. 126 Report preview window
The main area of the preview window shows a preview of the report as
it will be printed or appear in an exported PDF file. If the report
comprises more than one page, the pages can be browsed using the
buttons
To open the print dialog for installed windows printers click
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To open a file selector for export of the report to PDF, WORD, EXCEL
or Rich Text format, click
The scale of the document in the preview can be adjusted with
Fig. 127 Scale menu of the preview window
Storing and Loading Curves
Measured curves can be stored from and loaded into the graph of a
measurement macro (see above). This allows easy import into
spreadsheets as well as direct comparison of curves measured at
different times or places. Measured curves can also be stored in a
R&S UPV limit file for use as a limit curve either in a R&S UPV sweep
graph or in the graph of a R&S UPV-K9/K91 window. This allows e.g. to
derive tolerance schemes from “golden devices”. The measured curve
can be arbitrarily shifted before being stored.
Fig. 128 Input window for defining a shift of a measured curve for
storage as limit curve
Furthermore curves can be exported from the main results window by
marking the result in the data grid, right-clicking on it and choosing the
item “Save curve of selected row as …” in the context menu.
ASCII Result Files
When the item “Generate temporary export files” in the “Options” menu
is checked, the standard tests generate “curve.exp” or “abscurve.exp”
and “relcurve.exp” and “result.exp” files similar to those generated by
R&S UPL-B9. These files are always deleted and overwritten by
subsequent tests.
This feature is provided only for compatibility reason. It is not available
in all measurement types.
Deleting Results
It may be desirable to delete results of selected measurements from the
result file, e.g. because the measurement was repeated due to a
missing call to the mobile, a wrong setting etc. To delete the result of a
particular measurement, mark the row for the selected measurement in
the data grid of the main window by clicking on the row header to the
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left, right-click into the data grid and select “Delete result” from the
context menu. After confirmation by the operator, the selected row of
the result overview will be deleted from the result file together with all
associated data.
A set of results may be selected in the “Select” column of the results
data grid and commonly deleted using the context menu item “Report
Selection  Delete Selected Results”.
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10
Remote Controlled Start of Testcases via GPIB
Preparations
- Start the K9x test program on the R&S UPV.
- In the “Options” menu, deactivate item “Show operator instructions”
and activate “Generate temporary export files”.
- If it is desired to download screenshots from the R&S UPV to the host,
activate also “Generate temporary image files” in the Options menu.
- Activate “Enable remote control” in the Options menu
- Do all necessary settings and calibrations as would be done for
manual control.
Starting a Measurement
A measurement can be started with remote command:
SYST:PROG:EXEC
'C:\ControlK9.exe D:\3GPP\3G_rec_handset_narrow_max.mdf'
wherein “ControlK9.exe” is the client program controlling the application
and “D:\3GPP\3G_rec_handset_narrow_max.mdf” specifies a file which
defines the test to be executed. A list of files for various tests is given
separately in the spreadsheed file “TestCaseList_23147.xls”. The file
name must be separated from the program name by a space character.
Thus it is recognized by the client program as a command line
parameter.
Attention:
Do not attempt to control the UPV-K9x software locally
while a remotely started test case is running.
Reading the Results
Result values and curves are available in memory buffers in the
R&S UPV firmware according to the following tables:
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Table 4 Assignment of string buffers for result values
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
String Buffers
Title <Tab> Date <Tab> Time
Total verdict
Result 1 heading
Result 1 value
Result 1 verdict
Result 2 heading
Result 2 value
Result 2 verdict
Margin 1 (upper) heading
Margin 1 (upper) value
Margin 2 (lower) heading
Margin 2 (lower) value
Margin 3 heading
Margin 3 value
Margin 4 heading
Margin 4 value
Delay heading
Delay value
Error message
Result 3 heading
Result 3 value
Result 3 verdict
Result 4 heading
Result 4 value
Result 4 verdict
Result 5 heading
Result 5 value
Result 5 verdict
Result 6 heading
Result 6 value
Result 6 verdict
Result 7 heading
Result 7 value
Result 7 verdict
String buffers can be queried using the remote command
SYSTem:MEMory:STRing<i>?
Table 5 Assignment of trace buffers for result curves
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
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Trace Buffers
Result 1 (absolute) curve X values
Result 1 (absolute) curve Y values
Result 1 shifted / upper limit X values
Result 1 shifted / upper limit Y values
Result 1 lower limit X values
Result 1 lower limit Y values
Result 1 relative curve X values
Result 1 relative curve Y values
Result 2 (absolute) curve X values
Result 2 (absolute) curve Y values
Result 2 shifted / upper limit X values
Result 2 shifted / upper limit Y values
Result 2 lower limit X values
Result 2 lower limit Y values
Result 2 relative curve X values
Result 2 relative curve Y values
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Trace buffers can be queried using the remote command
SYSTem:MEMory:DATA<i>?
Results
are
also
available
in
files
“D:\3GPP\result.exp”,
“D:\3GPP\relcurv.exp” and / or “D:\3GPP\abscurv.exp”, depending on
the type of measurement. If “Options  Generate temporary image
files” is activated, a screenshot of the last finished test is available in
“D:\3GPP\Image.TIF”. The command for the file transfer is (for the
example of the results file)
MMEM:DATA? 'D:\3GPP\result.exp '
All results are stored in the database. However, it is not possible to
change the test object remotely. The results can be identified later by
the test time given in the “result.exp” file.
Determining the Termination of a Measurement
A running test is indicated with bit 13 of the Operation register in the
status system set. It is recommended to configure a service request on
the GPIB for a negative transition of this bit:
STAT:OPER:NTR 8192
STAT:OPER:ENAB 8192
*SRE 128
A service request will be issued as soon as the test has terminated.
To avoid obsolete result files to be downloaded from the R&S UPV,
existing result files can be deleted before the start of the measurement,
using the commands:
MMEM:DEL 'D:\3GPP\result.exp'
MMEM:DEL 'D:\3GPP\relcurv.exp'
MMEM:DEL 'D:\3GPP\abscurv.exp'
Note that an attempt to delete a non-existing file will lead to an entry in
the error queue. The error queue can be flushed using the query
“SYST:ERR?” until the response is ‘0,”No error”’. Alternatively existing
files can be overwritten by uploading empty files with the same name.
Downloaded files can then be checked for their size before they are
processed further, to determine whether they are empty dummy files.
For further details on remote control of the R&S UPV via GPIB and on
the remote commands mentioned above please see the user manual of
the R&S UPV.
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11 Terminating the Application
The measurement can be terminated from the main window with the
“Exit” softkey. This causes the result file to be written to the hard disk.
Please allow a few seconds for the results file to be written before
shutting down windows.
Do not shut down the instrument before the application program has
been closed.
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Appendix A Settings on the Radio Communication Tester
R&S CMU200
Firmware 4.52
Settings for GSM:
Selection of the GSM band:
Taking a coupling loss of the antenna coupler into account:
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Select EFR (full rate version 2), HR (half rate version 1), AMR full rate
or AMR half rate speech coder. 3GPP TS26.132 specifies AMR at 12.2
kbit/s which is identical with full rate version 2:
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Selection of the Bit Stream Handset Low setting for the measurements
or Decoder Cal and Encoder Cal for the calibration:
Setting of the desired TCH and BCCH levels:
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Typical setting with EFR speech coder (corresponds to AMR 12.2) for
measurements in the call established status:
Settings for WB-AMR:
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Settings for UMTS WCDMA FDD:
Selection of mode:
Setting dedicated channel to voice:
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Selection of the Narrowband AMR Speechcodec Low setting and AMR
Bit Rate for the measurements or Decoder Cal and Encoder Cal for the
calibration (selection is possible only if call is deactivated):
3GPP Ts 26.132 specifies 12.2 kbps bit rate for audio testing with the
NB AMR codec.
Selection of the Wideband AMR Speechcodec Low setting and AMR Bit
Rate for the measurements or Decoder Cal and Encoder Cal for the
calibration (selection is possible only if call is deactivated). For the sake
of consistency with Wideband AMR tests in GSM, 3GPP TS 26.132
specifies 12.65 kbps for audio with the WB AMR codec:
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Mobile phone registered status, codec settings possible:
Call active (connected) status for the measurements:
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Appendix B Troubleshooting
Error message 2908 during installation
Please contact customer support.
Damaged setup file is reported
If the program is unable to load the latest setup file, it will automatically
offer to restore a backup of the damaged file. Only if there is no backup
available, or loading of the backup fails again, the following procedure
can be applied:
Copy “Settings.sup” from C:\Program Files\Rohde&Schwarz\UPV-K9x
Mobile Phone Tests” to “D:\3GPP”, overwriting the damaged file of the
same name. Alternatively, “D:\3GPP\settings.sup” may just be deleted.
Subsequently all settings in the “Options” menu have to re-done and for
all used calibration types calibrated devices have to be selected again.
Damaged results file is reported
There are backup files available of the file containing the test results,
with appendix ~1 and ~2 to the file name of the results file (usually
“D:\3GPP\Results.xml”). If the results file cannot be opened for some
reason, the program automatically offers to restore the latest backup
file.
If this does not work, a backup file can be renamed by removing the
respective ~1 or ~2 extension, and opened subsequently. It is
recommended to store the damaged results file under a different name.
A test is not starting properly
Re-select devices for the calibration types required for the respective
test, using menu item Calibration  Select device. If this does not solve
the
problem,
copy
all
files
from
“C:\Program
Files\Rohde&Schwarz\UPV-K9x
mobile
phone
tests\3GPP
files\Overwrite” to “D:\3GPP”, overwriting the existing files therein.
A calibration value is missing or no device is selected
for a required calibration type
If re-selecting the calibration device and re-calibrating it does not help,
create a new device with “Calibration  New device”. Tick the
“Immediately select this device” box before clicking the “Ok” button and
do the calibration for this device. All selected devices and their
calibration values can be checked with “Calibration  Show selected
devices”.
The receiving noise test produces an overrange error
Reduce the gain of the conditioning amplifer in the signal path of the
artificial ear, re-calibrate the artificial ear and re-try the test.
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ARL for the sending distortion test cannot be adjusted
First, try a sending test to see if the connection to the mobile is existing.
If the RLR value is too high, the sending sensitivity of the mobile under
test may be too low to adjust the ARL. If there is no signal in the
sending test (SLR > 60 dB) check the connection between
R&S CMU200 and mobile. If no signal from the artificial mouth is
audible during the sending test, check the signal path between
R&S UPV and artificial mouth. Re-calibrate the artificial mouth.
A measurement using a custom limit curve produces
an error
Limit files must start with a line containing “UPV LIMIT FILE”. They must
be stored as ASCII files with ANSI coding. Any other coding will produce
an error. X and Y values must be separated by a TAB character. Using
space characters instead of a TAB character will produce an error.
Other problems of unknown reason
If the problem cannot be solved with the information given above, the
folder “D:\3GPP” can be renamed or deleted. At the next start of the
application, this folder is created anew with all files in default state.
Attention: Store a backup copy of the results file in a different folder
before deleting “D:\3GPP”.
Note:
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Subsequently all settings in the Options menu and all data
entries have to be re-done, all calibrated devices have to be
created and calibrated again.
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