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Transcript

ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA (ICAI)
INGENIERO INDUSTRIAL
SMARTCITY: Sistema de gestión
de tráfico inteligente.
Autor:
Carlos Seoane Veiga
Directores:
Álvaro Sánchez Miralles
Enrique Díaz Plaza
Dolores Salcedo Gutiérrez
Madrid
Mayo 2012
Proyecto realizado por el alumno:
Carlos Seoane Veiga
Fdo.:
Fecha:
/
/
.
Autorizada la entrega del proyecto cuya información no es de carácter
confidencial
LOS DIRECTORES DEL PROYECTO
Álvaro Sánchez Miralles
Fdo.:
Fecha:
/
/
.
/
/
.
/
/
.
/
.
Enrique Díaz Plaza
Fdo.:
Fecha:
Dolores Salcedo Gutiérrez
Fdo.:
Fecha:
VºBº del Coordinador de Proyectos
Álvaro Sánchez Miralles
Fdo.:
Fecha:
/
UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA (ICAI)
INGENIERO INDUSTRIAL
RESUMEN DEL PROYECTO
SMARTCITY:
SISTEMA
DE
GESTIÓN
DE
TRÁFICO
INTELIGENTE
Autor: Seoane Veiga, Carlos.
Directores: Sánchez Miralles, Álvaro; Díaz Plaza Sanz, Enrique; Salcedo
Gutiérrez, Dolores.
Entidades Colaboradoras: IIT (ICAI Universidad Pontificia de Comillas), IBM
España.
RESUMEN DEL PROYECTO
I.
Introducción
Desde la segunda mitad del siglo pasado se ha venido incrementando de
forma rápida y continuada la tasa de atascos en las grandes urbes. Estos atascos
representan una fuente de polución y un sumidero de tiempo, dinero y salud que
perjudican seriamente la calidad de vida de todos los habitantes de las grandes
ciudades.
Esta repercusión en la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos no es aceptable si
existe una tecnología que, utilizada correctamente, permita reducir de forma
considerable o eliminar el problema existente.
Los gestores de las ciudades han intentado solucionar el problema utilizando
distintas estrategias, y si bien en un primer momento la solución propuesta fue la
expansión de la vía, rápidamente se demostró que esta no podía ser la única
alternativa a la hora de solucionar el problema.
Así, desde los años 70, se ha venido incrementando el número de
intersecciones controladas por semáforos, pero, a pesar de haber conseguido
instalar en la red una herramienta que nos permite controlar el tráfico, no se ha
prestado la suficiente atención al uso de esta, es decir, no se ha dado la suficiente
importancia a las estrategias a través de las cuales se controlan estos semáforos.
En este proyecto se ha desarrollado un sistema de gestión de tráfico reactivo
al estado de este que funciona de forma totalmente automática. Esto se ha
conseguido a través de una sensorización del área en la que se pretende instalar el
sistema, y la inclusión de los datos obtenidos de estos sensores en un modelo
UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA (ICAI)
INGENIERO INDUSTRIAL
RESUMEN DEL PROYECTO
matemático del que se obtendrán los estados de los semáforos a través de los
cuales se consigue un tráfico más fluido.
Además, se ha preparado el sistema para ser fácilmente aplicable a una nueva
ciudad.
Pese a existir estrategias desarrolladas dentro de esta clasificación, no existe
ningún proyecto terminado que pueda presumir de haber logrado desarrollar una
estrategia de control de tráfico que funcione en tiempo real, de forma eficiente y
que sea posible implementar en un escenario lo suficientemente grande y
complejo como una ciudad. Muchas de ellas tienen una eficacia probada, pero en
un ámbito muy restringido en el que los escenarios en los que se prueban son muy
simples o de un tamaño reducido. Es por esto que, con la implantación de este
sistema en un escenario correspondiente a un barrio completo de una ciudad (el
Barrio de la Misericordia en Málaga), se ha logrado un gran avance en lo que a
sistemas de gestión de tráfico se refiere.
II.
Arquitectura
Como se puede ver en la Ilustración 1, la arquitectura del proyecto consta de
seis módulos diferenciados.
Cuatro de ellos constituyen el sistema de gestión de tráfico y los dos restantes
cumplen la función de automatizar la implantación del sistema en nuevos
escenarios.
Los cuatro primeros módulos son el simulador, el agente de control, el
optimizador y la interfaz de usuario.
El simulador, SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility), es el encargado de
llevar a cabo la simulación en un escenario creado a tal efecto y bajo unas
condiciones de tráfico que el usuario indica a través de la interfaz de usuario,
desarrollada en Microsoft Excel mediante el uso de VBA. Durante esta
simulación, al estar situados en el escenario sensores destinados a medir el nivel y
las características del tráfico, el agente de control, desarrollado en Python, irá
recibiendo estos datos que organizará cada cinco minutos en forma de ratios de
giro en cada cruce y número de vehículos entrantes en la zona a controlar. Cuando
esta información esté organizada, el agente de control será el encargado de
UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA (ICAI)
INGENIERO INDUSTRIAL
RESUMEN DEL PROYECTO
enviarla al optimizador, IBM ILOG CPLEX, en forma de dos archivos *.txt y
ordenar la ejecución de la optimización de la que se obtendrá el estado de los
semáforos que minimiza las colas totales en el escenario. Esta configuración de
semáforos será enviada de nuevo desde el optimizador al agente de control, que
será el encargado de fijar el estado de los diferentes semáforos de acuerdo a esta
configuración óptima de semáforos.
Ilustración 1. Arquitectura del Proyecto
Los dos módulos restantes están constituidos por el proveedor de mapas
online OpenStreetMap, del cual se extraerá el mapa de la nueva zona a controlar
en formato *.xml e IBM InfoSphere Data Stage, que, una vez traducido el mapa
de la zona a controlar (proceso que se lleva a cabo automáticamente a través de
una aplicación del simulador SUMO) para que se puedan realizar sobre el
UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA (ICAI)
INGENIERO INDUSTRIAL
RESUMEN DEL PROYECTO
simulaciones, será el encargado de extraer de este diversos parámetros que se
utilizarán tanto para configurar el optimizador como el sistema de control.
III.
Pruebas
Las pruebas se han realizado utilizando dos escenarios, un escenario que
representa una parte del Barrio de la Misericordia y otro que representa el Barrio
de la Misericordia completo. Ambos escenarios se pueden observar en las
Ilustraciones 2 y 3 y con la implantación del sistema desarrollado en estos no
queda duda acerca de su funcionamiento eficaz en escenarios grandes y
complejos.
Ilustración 3. Escenario Parcial
Ilustración 2. Escenario correspondiente al
Barrio de la Misericordia
IV.
Resultados y conclusiones
Los resultados obtenidos de la comparación del sistema desarrollado con un
sistema de control de lazo abierto (insensible al estado del tráfico) se muestran en
la Tabla 1. Para la obtención de resultados se inyectaron vehículos durante media
hora de simulación y se empezaron a tomar resultados
transcurridos quince
minutos, dejando así un espacio de tiempo para la estabilización del tráfico.
La toma de resultados se alargó hasta que el sistema correspondiente fue
capaz de despejar la red.
UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA (ICAI)
INGENIERO INDUSTRIAL
RESUMEN DEL PROYECTO
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Tabla 1. Resultados del proyecto
Los resultados mostrados en la Tabla 1 son en realidad la media de los
resultados obtenidos para distintos casos de simulación. A lo largo de este proceso
de toma de resultados se pudo ir comprobando como el sistema trabaja de forma
autónoma, consiguiendo un tráfico más fluido, consiguiendo evitar la formación
de atascos que en otros sistemas si tendrían lugar ante iguales flujos vehiculares y
reduciendo las emisiones de de ଶ y el consumo de combustible.
Así, y ante los resultados expuestos, no se puede llegar a otra conclusión que
no sea la de que este sistema es tan válido como necesario para las grandes
ciudades.
UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA (ICAI)
INGENIERO INDUSTRIAL
RESUMEN DEL PROYECTO
UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA (ICAI)
INGENIERO INDUSTRIAL
ABSTRACT
SMARTCITY: SYSTEM FOR SMART TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
Author: Seoane Veiga, Carlos.
Managers: Sánchez Miralles, Álvaro; Díaz Plaza Sanz, Enrique; Salcedo
Gutiérrez, Dolores.
Collaborating Entities: IIT (ICAI Pontifical University of Comillas), IBM Spain.
ABSTRACT
I.
Introduction
Since the second half of the last century, rate of traffic jams has been
increasing rapidly and continuously. These traffic jams are a pollution source and
a drain of time, money and health, which seriously impact in the quality of life of
all citizens of large cities.
This impact in quality of life of citizens is not acceptable if there is a
technology that, used properly, allows to significantly reduce or eliminate the
existing problem.
Thus, this project stems from the conviction that it is possible with current
technology to design a system that provides a more efficient traffic control using
traffic lights as a tool to influence this traffic. This will require that traffic lights
control strategy takes into account the traffic conditions in real time.
Throughout the project, was developed a traffic control strategy for use on a
large, complex stage such as a city and, unlike the strategies currently in use
(open-loop strategies), it takes into account the current traffic state to decide on
the optimal configuration of states of traffic lights (closed-loop strategy).
Despite the existence of strategies developed within this classification, there
is no completed project that can boast of having succeeded in developing a control
strategy that operates in real time, adaptive to the traffic state, efficiently and able
to implement in a sufficiently large and complex scenario such as a city. Many of
these closed loop strategies as MOTION, TUC, OPAC ... had proven efficacy, but
in a very restricted area in which the scenarios that are tested are very simple or
small sizes. That is why, with the implementation of this system in a scenario
corresponding to an entire neighborhood of a city (the district Barrio de la
UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA (ICAI)
INGENIERO INDUSTRIAL
ABSTRACT
Misericordia in Málaga), has been achieved a breakthrough as far as traffic
management systems are concerned.
During this project was developed a traffic management system adaptive
to traffic conditions which works fully automatically. This has been accomplished
through installation of sensors in the control area in which it intends to install the
system, and including data obtained from these sensors in a mathematical model
that will obtain the traffic lights state through which traffic is more fluent.
Furthermore, the system is prepared to be easily applicable to any new
city.
With the system developed, have been fully covered the project's
objectives, which were established as:
-Optimize traffic management in a scenario that corresponds to a full
neighborhood of a city.
-Design an architecture for its implementation sensitive to traffic
conditions.
II.
Architecture
As shown in Figure 1, project´s architecture consists of six distinct modules.
Four of them are the traffic management system and the remaining two have the
function to automate the implementation of the system in new nets.
The first four modules are the simulator, the control agent, the optimizer and
the user´s interface.
UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA (ICAI)
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ABSTRACT
Figure 1. Project´s architecture
The simulator, SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility), is responsible for
carrying out the simulation on a net created for this purpose and under traffic
conditions that the user indicates via user´s interface, developed in Microsoft
Excel using VBA. During this simulation, sensors located on the stage measure
the level and nature of traffic conditions, thus, control agent developed in Python
will be receiving this data to organize it every five minutes in the form of turn
ratios at each intersection and number of incoming vehicles in the area to be
controlled.
When this information is organized, control agent will be responsible for
sending it to the optimizer, IBM ILOG CPLEX, as two files *.txt and order the
execution of optimization which will obtain traffic lights state that minimize total
queue on stage. This set of traffic lights will be sent back from the optimizer to
control agent, which will be responsible for establishing the status of the different
lights according to the optimal configuration of traffic lights.
UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA (ICAI)
INGENIERO INDUSTRIAL
ABSTRACT
Two remaining modules consist of the online map provider OpenStreetMap,
from which the map of the new control area is extracted in *. xml format and IBM
InfoSphere Data Stage, which, once translated the map (process being carried out
automatically through an application of the simulator SUMO) so that simulations
can be performed over it, will be responsible for extracting various parameters
that will be used to configure both the optimizer and the control system.
III.
Tests
Tests were carried out using two scenarios, a scenario that represents a portion
of the Barrio de la Misericordia and one representing the full neighborhood
Barrio de la Misericordia. Both scenarios can be seen in Figures 2 and 3 and the
implementation of the system developed in these leaves no doubt about its
effective operation in large and complex scenarios.
Figure 1. Portion of Barrio de la
Misericordia
IV.
Figure 2. Barrio de la Misericordia
Results and conclusions
Results obtained from the comparison of the system developed with an open-
loop system of control (insensitive to traffic state) are shown in Table 1. To obtain
results, vehicles were injected for a half hour and simulation results began to be
toke after fifteen minutes, leaving in that way a space of time to stabilize the
traffic.
UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA (ICAI)
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ABSTRACT
Results taking was lengthened until the corresponding system was able to
clear the network.
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Table 1. Project results
Results shown in Table 1 are actually the average of the results obtained for
different simulation cases. Throughout this process of obtaining results was able
to check how the system works getting a fluent traffic, avoiding traffic jams which
would be formatted in other systems if it would occur the same traffic flow and
reducing emissions of ଶ and fuel consumption.
Thus, and with the results shown, no other conclusion can be obtained than
that this system is as valid as necessary for large cities.
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ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA (ICAI)
INGENIERO INDUSTRIAL
ABSTRACT
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