Download JPA Designer User Manual

JPA DesignerUserManual
JPA TL Ltd
January20, 2011
i
Contents
Contents
ii
I
JPA Designerbasics
1
1
IntroducingJPA Designer
1.1
JPA Designermodules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2
Gettinghelp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
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3
2
Gettingstarted
2.1
Systemrequirements . . . . . . . .
2.2
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3
Userregistration . . . . . . . . . .
2.4
On-linelicencechecking . . . . .
2.5
Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.6
OpeningandclosingJPA Designer
2.7
UninstallingJPA Designer . . . . .
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Managingprojectsandcalculations
3.1
Startinganewproject . . . . . . . . .
3.2
Addingprojectaddressdetails . . . .
3.3
Savingprojects . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4
Openingprojects . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5
Addingcalculationstoaproject . . .
3.6
Openingandclosingcalculations . .
3.7
Duplicatingcalculations . . . . . . .
3.8
Renamingcalculations . . . . . . . .
3.9
Deletingcalculations . . . . . . . . .
3.10 Mergingprojects . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.11 Importingandupgradingcalculations
3.12 Programoptions . . . . . . . . . . . .
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II
U-valuecalculations
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TheJPA DesignerU-valuemodules
4.1
Uvalueprojectinformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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ii
CONTENTS
iii
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Workingwithlayers
6.1
InsertinglayersfromtheProductsdatabase . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2
Insertingblanklayersinacalculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3
Cutting, copying, pastinganddeletinglayers . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Workingwithmaterials
7.1
Basiccharacteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.2
Typesofmaterialsandcavities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3
Thermalbridging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Correctionfactors
8.1
Mechanicalfasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2
Airgapcorrection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.3
Rainwatercooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.4
Rainscreencladding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.5
Elementsseparatingheatedandunheatedspaces
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Complexcalculations
9.1
Lightsteelframedstructure . . . . . .
9.2
Twinskinmetalcladdingandroofing
9.3
Invertedroofs . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.4
Usingvariablelayers . . . . . . . . .
9.5
Taperedlayers . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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GroundfloorU-values
10.1 Groundfloordetails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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BasementU-values
11.1 Basementfloors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.2 Basementwalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Outputtingresults
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U-valuecalculationoptions
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EditingtheProductsdatabase
14.1 Shortcodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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III
Condensationrisk
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Assessingtheriskofinterstitialcondensation
15.1 Environmentalconditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15.2 Viewingresults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15.3 Usingthepreviouscalculationmethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Constructiondetails
5.1
Elementtype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2
Internalandexternalsurfaces . . . . . . . .
5.3
Lightsteelframeconstructiontype . . . . .
5.4
Builtupmetalroofingandcladdingsystems
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CONTENTS
iv
15.4 Outputtingcalculationresults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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IV
SAP 2009
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JPA DesignerSAP 2009module
16.1 OverviewoftheSAP 2009module . . . . . .
16.2 Determiningcompliance . . . . . . . . . . .
16.3 PreparingtocarryoutaSAP 2009calculation
16.4 CarryingoutaSAP 2009calculation . . . . .
16.5 TheSAP window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16.6 ProjectinformationinSAP . . . . . . . . . .
16.7 Enteringprojectdata . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Dwellingdimensions
17.1 Lowenergylighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Ventilation
18.1 Airinfiltration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18.2 Ventilationopeningsandsheltering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18.3 Ventilationtype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Walls, roofsandfloors
19.1 Definingbuildingelements .
19.2 TheElementdialogue . . . .
19.3 Managingbuildingelements
19.4 Linearthermalbridging . . .
19.5 Thermalmass . . . . . . . .
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Openings
20.1 TheWindows, DoorsandRooflightsdialogue . . . . . . . . . . . .
20.2 Editingmultipleopenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Waterheating
21.1 Hotwaterstoragetank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21.2 Instantaneouswaterheatingatpointofuse . . . . . . . . . . . .
21.3 Combinationboiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21.4 Communityheatingscheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21.5 Multi-pointgaswaterheaterorheatexchangebuiltintoagaswarm
airsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21.6 Boilerwiththermalstore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21.7 Combinedprimarystorageunit(CPSU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21.8 MicroCHP orheatpump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21.9 Communityheatingschemeprovidingdomestichotwateronly .
21.10 Solarpanels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Primaryheating
22.1 Dwellingswithtwomainheatingsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22.2 Efficiencydataforheatingsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22.3 Themainprimaryheatingsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS
v
22.4 Additionaldata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Secondaryheating
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Overheating
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Cooling
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Renewables
26.1 Photovoltaicpanels . . . . . . . .
26.2 Windturbines . . . . . . . . . . .
26.3 Hydro-electricity . . . . . . . . . .
26.4 Wastewaterheatrecoverysystems
26.5 Fluegasheatrecoverysystems . .
26.6 Otherallowablegeneration . . . .
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Specialfeatures
135
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Checkingcompliance
136
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OutputtingSAP results
137
PartI
JPA Designerbasics
1
1 IntroducingJPA Designer
WelcometoJPA Designerversion5.00, thedesignandcalculationprogramfromJPA TL
Ltd.
JPA Designercan:
• carryoutSAP calculationstoSAP versions9.90, 9.81, 9.80and9.70, todemonstratecompliancewiththeenergyefficiencyrequirementsofBuildingRegulations
andBuildingStandards1 andaspartofCodeforSustainableHomes(CSH) assessments;
• issueOn-constructionEnergyPerformanceCertificates(EPCs)fordwellingsinEnglandandWales, ScotlandandNorthernIreland;
• calculateU-valuesand κ-valuesforbuildingelements;
• carryoutcondensationriskanalysistoBS EN ISO 13788;
JPA Designerincludesmanyfeaturestomakethecalculationprocesseasier:
• Project-basedfilesystemenablesyoutokeepallthecalculationsforonedevelopmentinsameprojectfile;
• LinksbetweenU-valueandSAP calculations, sothatSAP calculationsareautomaticallyupdatedwhenU-valuecalculationschange;
• CalculationresultscanbeproducedasPDF filesforemailing;
• IncludesadatabaseofcommonmaterialstospeedU-valuecalculations;
• On-screenhelpwhichincludestheofficialSAP guidance.
WehopeyoufindJPA Designerausefulcalculationtool. Wearealwayshappytoreceive
comments, suggestions for improvements or proposals for enhancements to suit your
specificneeds.
1
In order to lodge and issue EPCs in England and Wales, and Northern Ireland you will need
to be a member of an accreditation scheme. You can find details of our partner schemes at
www.techlit.co.uk/training/accreditation.
2
CHAPTER1. INTRODUCING JPA DESIGNER
1.1
3
JPA Designermodules
JPA Designerisamodularprogram, soyouneedonlybuythemoduleswhichgiveyou
thefunctionsyouwanttouse: thecurrentmodulesare:
• SAP 2010 – calculates SAP ratings to the SAP 9.90 specification and tests new
dwellingsforcompliancewiththerequirementsofBuildingRegulationsandBuildingStandards. (ThismodulewillalsocalculateSAP ratingstoSAP 9.81, 9.80and
9.70.)
• Uvalue2010 –calculatesU-valuesofbuildingelementstakingaccountofrepeating
thermalbridgesusingthemethodsinISO 6946forexposedfloors, wallsandroofs,
andthemethodinISO 13770forgroundfloorsandbasements. Italsocalculates
κ-values.
• Uvalue 2010 Professional – analyses the risk of interstitial condensation to ISO
13788andcarriesoutelementalU-valuecalculationstoISO 6946andISO 13770,
and κ-valuecalculations.
WhenyoubuyalicenceforaJPA Designermoduleyouwillreceiveakeycodetoenable
youtousethatmodule. Theothermodulesontheprogramwillbevisible, butwillonly
workindemonstrationmodeandwillnotdisplaycalculationresults. Youcan, ofcourse,
purchaseadditionalmodulesatanytime.
1.2
Gettinghelp
ThismanualhasbeendesignedtoprovideeasyreferencetoallthefeaturesofJPA Designer. Themanualusesthefollowingconventions:
• <angledbrackets> forkeysonthecomputerkeyboard, e.g.the <Enter> key.
• the + signindicatesyoushouldholddownonekeywhilepressinganother, e.g.
<Alt+F> means`holddownthe <Alt> keywhilepressingthe <F> key'.
• Boldtype indicatespartsofJPA Designer'sscreendisplays, e.g.the Ventilationrate
dialogue.
• Menu>option indicatestheoptioninthemenuontheprogram'smenubar, e.g.Select Edit>Primaryheatingsystem means selectthe Primaryheatingsystem option
fromthe Edit menu.
Thismanualusesthefollowingspecialterms:
• Dialogue(dialoguebox): asmallwindowwhichdisplaysboxesorbuttonsforenteringdata.
• Radiobutton: asetoftwoormorerelatedbuttons-youcanonlyselectoneata
time.
CHAPTER1. INTRODUCING JPA DESIGNER
4
• Tickbox: aboxwhichshowswhetherornotaparticularsettingison(ticked)oroff
(notticked).
• Textbox: anareaonadialogueinwhichyoucantypewordsornumbers.
• Drop-down: aboxonadialoguewhichcanbeexpandedtoshowanumberof
pre-setoptions, usuallybyclickinganarrowontheright-handsideofthebox.
TherearemanyfunctionsofJPA Designerwhichcanbeaccessedusingboththemenus
andthetoolbars: inaddition, somemayalsohavekeyboardshortcuts. Topreventthis
manualbecomingrepetitivewegenerallyreferonlytothemenus.
Ifyouhaveaproblemwiththe functioning ofthesoftwarepleasefollowthesesteps:
• Download and install the latest version of JPA Designer from our web site (section 2.2 forinstructions)andseeifthatresolvestheproblem.
• ChecktheforumandFAQ onourwebsite(http://forum.techlit.co.uk)toseeifthe
problemisaddressedthere.
• Iftheproblempersists, emaildetailsoftheproblemto [email protected]. Please
include details of your computer system and attach sample files or PDF outputs
wherepossible. Wewillrespondassoonaswecan.
Ifyouhavedifficulty using theprogram(forexample, youareuncertainhowtotreatan
integralgarageinaSAP calculation)pleasefollowthesesteps:
• Consulttheprogrammanualoron-linehelpsystem;
• ChecktheforumandFAQ onourwebsite(http://forum.techlit.co.uk)toseeifthe
queryisaddressedthere;
• ConsulttheofficialSAP specificationandassociateddocuments.
• IfyouarenewtoU-valueorSAP calculationsyoushouldconsiderattendingoneour
trainingcourses, whichprovideathoroughintroductiontothesoftwareanditsuse.
Weofferdistancelearning, on-lineandlivetrainingsessions(www.techlit.co.uk/training)
2 Gettingstarted
ThissectionofthemanualdescribeshowtoinstallJPA DesigneronyourPC andexplains
howtheuserregistrationandon-linelicencecheckingsystemswork. Italsoincludes
instructionsonupdatingyourcopyofJPA Designer.
2.1
Systemrequirements
JPA DesignerrequiresaPC runningWindowsXP orlater. ThePC willrequireanregular
internet connection to check the validity of your licence, to update the BRE Product
CharacteristicsDatabasefortheSAP 2009moduleandtoissueEPCs.
JPA Designer can run on Intel-based Apple Macintosh computers using virtualisation
software (such as Parallels orVMWare), or through Bootcamp. However, we do not
guaranteetheprogramwillrunonsuchsystems, nordoweoffertechnicalsupport.
2.2
Installation
ToinstallJPA DesigneronyourPC:
1. Gotoourwebsiteatwww.techlit.co.ukand rightclick onthelinklabelled downloadJPA Designer: select Savelinkas (forFirefox)or Savetargetas (forInternet
Explorer).
2. Savetheinstallerfile jsetup990.exe toyourPC (werecommenddownloadingthe
filetotheDesktop). Thedownloadisabout13MB.
3. Whenthedownloadiscompletedoubleclickonthefile jsetup990.exe. TheInstallShieldWizardconfiguresitselfand, afterafewmomentsopens.
Youmayseeasecuritywarningthatthepublisherofthefilecouldnotbeidentified.
Ifyoudo, click Run tocontinuetheinstallationprocess.
4. Click Next tocontinuewithinstallation. Theinstallerdisplaysthe Customerinformation screen.
5. Enteryournameandcompanynameand, usingtheradiobuttons, selectwhether
youwantJPA Designertobeavailabletoalluseraccountsonthecomputer, orjust
one. (Werecommendyouselect all.) Click Next.
5
CHAPTER2. GETTING STARTED
6
Figure 2.1: TheProjectManagerwindow
6. Atthe ChooseDestinationLocation screenwerecommendyouacceptthedefault
settingsandinstallJPA Designerintothefolder c:\programfiles\jpatl\jpadesigner
981. Click Next. The installer will now copy the JPA Designer files onto your
computer.
7. Wheninstallationhasfinishedthe SetupComplete screenisdisplayed. Tickthe
boxlabelled Launchtheprogram andclick Finish. Theinstallerwillcloseand JPA
Designer willopen, showingyouthe ProjectManager window.
2.3
Userregistration
InordertouseJPA Designeryoumustentervaliduserregistrationdetailsandtheprogram
mustbeabletocheckthestatusofyourlicenceagainstourlicensingdatabase.
WhenyoufirstinstallJPA Designertheprogramrunsin demonstrationmode andwill
notdisplaytheresultsofcalculations, norallowEPCstobelodged. Inordertoaccess
thefullfunctionalityofthesoftwareyoumustentertheusername(s)andkeycode(s)you
receivedwhenyouboughtalicenceforoneormoreprogrammodules.
Toenterlicencekeycodes:
1. Atthe ProjectManager window(Figure 2.1)select Edit>UserandSecurityCodes
fromthemenubar. The UserRegistration dialogueopens(Figure 2.2.
2. Foreachmoduleyouhavelicensed, enterthecompanynameandkeycode, exactly
assuppliedbyJPA TL Ltd. Ifyouhavelicensedtwomodulesmakesureyouputthe
keycodesagainstthecorrectmodules.
Thecompanynameiscasesensitiveandshouldbewrittenexactlyasshown: so
if, for example, you enter Limited, when the company name with the key code
contained Ltd theprogramwillnotacceptthekeycode.
Inthekeycode, 1=oneand0=zero.
CHAPTER2. GETTING STARTED
7
Figure 2.2: Userregistration
2.4
On-linelicencechecking
Because licences for JPA Designer generally run for a year the program has to check
whetheryourlicenceisstillvalid. Itdoesthisbycontactingouron-linelicensingdatabase
andcheckingtheexpirydateformodule.
The program will try to check the database the first time you open a SAP or U-value
calculationaftertheprogramitselfhasbeenlaunched.
• Ifthecheckissuccessfulthelicenceisvalidthemodulewillopen(theprogramwill
recordthedateandtimeofthatsuccessfulcheck).
• Ifthecheckissuccessfulandthelicenceisnotvalidthecalculationwillnotopen.
• Iftheprogramisunabletoconnectwiththedatabase(forexample, becauseyou
are using your lap-top away from your office) it will look at the date of the last
successfulcheck: ifthatislessthansevendaysagothenitwillopenthemodule.
• Iftheprogramisunabletoconnectwiththedatabaseandthelastsuccessfulcheck
ismorethansevendaysagothenitwill not openthemodule.
IfyouoftenuseJPA Designerawayfromtheofficetherearetwofeaturesyoucanuseto
preventproblemswiththelicencecheck:
• The ProjectManager toolbardisplaysthelengthoftimesincethelastsuccessful
licencecheck: providedthevaluesshownare green themodulewillopen.
• The Checklicenceon-line buttononthetoolbarwillforcealicencecheckand
re-setthetimesincethelastchecktozero. Youshouldforceacheckifyouexpect
nottohaveaninternetconnectionforafewdays.
CHAPTER2. GETTING STARTED
8
Figure 2.3: TheAboutdialogueshowingtheversionnumber
2.5
Updates
JPA Designeriscontinuallybeingdevelopedtointroducenewfeatures: togetthebest
from the program it is worth making sure you are using the latest version. To check
whetherthereisalaterversionavailableyoushouldcomparetheversionnumbershown
onourwebsite(www.techlit.co.uk)withthatoftheprogramyouareusing: youcanfind
theversionnumberbyselecting Help>About fromthemenubarinJPA Designer.
Highernumbersandlettersindicatelaterreleases, withcharacterscomingearlierinthe
namebeingmoreimportantthatlaterones: so4.05a1willbemorerecentthan4.04c2,
and4.05b1morerecentthan4.04a4. Thethreedigit Build numberindicatesaminor
changeinaversion. Figure 2.3 showsthe About dialogueforJPA Designertogetherwith
theversionnumberonthewebsite: inthiscasethesoftwareisuptodate, asbothversion
numbersarethesame.
Theprocessforupdatingthesoftwareisidenticaltothatoforiginallyinstallingit, butwith
theadditionalstepof uninstalling yourcurrentversionofJPA Designerbeforeinstalling
thenewversion.
ToupdateJPA Designer:
1. UsetheWindows Add/RemovePrograms or Uninstallprograms controlpanelto
uninstallthecurrentversionofJPA Designer.
Uninstallingthecurrentversionwillnotaffectyourcalculationfiles.
2. DownloadandinstallthenewversionofJPA Designerfollowingtheinstructionsin
section 2.2.
2.6
OpeningandclosingJPA Designer
ToopenJPA Designer:
CHAPTER2. GETTING STARTED
9
• Select Start>Programs>JPA Designer>JPA Designer fromtheWindows Start button.
TocloseJPA Designer:
• Select File>Exit fromtheJPA Designermenubar. Theprogramwillpromptyouto
closeanyfileswhichhavenotbeensaved.
2.7
UninstallingJPA Designer
TouninstallJPA Designer:
1. OpentheWindows Add/Removeprograms controlpanel(toaccessControlPanels
select Settings>ControlPanels fromthe Start button).
2. SelectJPA Designerinthe Add/RemoveProgramsProperties dialogueandclick
Add/Remove. Windowswilluninstalltheprogramfilesandremoveitsicons.
ThatwillnotremoveanyJPA Designerprojectfiles.
3 Managingprojectsandcalculations
JPA Designerorganisesandsavescalculationsinprojectfiles, whichhavetheextension
JDP.YoucansavemultipleSAP andU-valuecalculationsinthesamefile.
Calculationsarecreated, savedandmanagedintheJPA Designer ProjectManager window(Figure 2.1), whichlistsallthecalculationsinthecurrentproject.
3.1
Startinganewproject
WheneveryoustartJPA Designertheprogramcreatesanewblankprojectwhichyou
canstartusingstraightaway. Youcanalsocreateanewprojectatanytimebyselecting
File>NewProject fromthemainmenu, orclickingthe NewProject buttononthetoolbar.
Youcanchangethedefaultprojectname A blankproject tosomethingmoreuseful:
1. Clickonceontheprojectnamethenselect Edit>Renameselecteditem. The Project
name dialogueopens(Figure 3.1).
2. Enterthenewnameforyourproject, thenclickOK.
3. Theprojectisrenamed
Theprojectnamedoesnotaffectthecalculationsinanyway.
Figure 3.1: Changingthenameofaproject
10
CHAPTER3. MANAGING PROJECTS AND CALCULATIONS
11
Figure 3.2: TheProjectAddressdialogue
3.2
Addingprojectaddressdetails
JPA Designercanstoreclientandsitedetailsforaproject, whichyoucanthencopytoall
theindividualcalculationswithinthatproject. Youcanenterandeditthatinformation
usingthe ProjectAddress dialogue(Figure 3.2). Youcanalsostoreclientinformation
andreuseitlater.
Toaddorchangeprojectinformation:
1. From the menu bar select Edit>Project Address. The Project Address dialogue
opens.
2. Enterthedatabytypingitintotheappropriatefields. Usethe <Tab> keytomove
betweenfields.
Do nottryto enter datain the top lefthand box: thisbox is used for retrieving
detailsyouhavepreviouslystored.
3. Ifyouwanttostoretheclientdetailstore-uselaterclick Addtoclients.
4. Click OK whenyouhaveenteredallthedatayouneed.
Tore-useexistingclientdatasimplyclickonthedrop-downinthe Projectinformation
dialogueandselectaclientfromthelist(Figure 3.3).
Ifyouneedtoeditthestoreddetailsclick Editclientslist thenmakethechangesinthe
EditClients dialogue.
CHAPTER3. MANAGING PROJECTS AND CALCULATIONS
12
Figure 3.3: Theclientnameandaddressdrop-down
3.3
Savingprojects
JPA Designerprojectaresavedinthesamewayasanyotherfile:
1. Fromthemenubarselect File>SaveProject. The SaveAs dialogueopens.
2. Selectthefolderintowhichtheprojectshouldbesaved, enteranamefortheproject
file.
BydefaultJPA Designerwilladdtheextension JDP toallfilenames.
3. Click Save. JPA Designersavestheprojectanddisplaysthefilenameontheprogram
titlebar.
BydefaultJPA DesignerwillsavefilesintotheJPA Designerfolder(usually c:\Program
Files\JPATL\JPA Designer981). Youcanspecifyadifferentdefaultfolderusingthe Options dialogue(see section 3.12).
Werecommendyouhaveadailyback-upscheduleforyourdata.
3.4
Openingprojects
Toopenanexistingproject:
1. Fromthemenubarselect File>Openproject. The Open dialogueopens.
2. Selectthefileyouwanttoworkwith, thenclick Open. Theprojectopensinthe
ProjectManager window.
3.5
Addingcalculationstoaproject
Youcanaddnewcalculationstoaprojectinthe ProjectManager window.
ToaddanewU-valuecalculationtoaproject:
1. Fromthemenubarselect Insert>U-valuecalculation. The Description dialogue
opens(Figure 3.4).
CHAPTER3. MANAGING PROJECTS AND CALCULATIONS
13
Figure 3.4: TheDescriptiondialogue
2. Typeanameforthecalculationinthe Description dialogue, e.g. warmroof, and
click OK.Thenewcalculationisaddedtotheproject.
ToaddanewSAP calculationtoaproject:
1. Fromthemenubarselect Insert>Dwelling/SAP (v9.812005)calculation>Single
dwelling. The Description dialogueopens(Figure 3.4).
2. Typeanameforthecalculationinthe Description dialogue, e.g. Plot23, andclick
OK.Thenewcalculationisaddedtotheproject.
YoucanalsousetheInsertmenutoinsertcalculationstoversions9.81, 9.80and9.70of
SAP,aswellasSAP calculationsformultipledwellings.
3.6
Openingandclosingcalculations
ToopenaU-valueorSAP calculationfromthe ProjectManager window, either:
• doubleclickonthecalculationname; or,
• clickonceonthecalculationname, thenfromthemenubarselect Edit>Selected
item.
Tocloseacalculationandreturntothe Projectmanager windowclickthe Projectmanager buttononthetoolbar.
3.7
Duplicatingcalculations
Ifyouwanttoprepareacalculationwhichisverysimilartoanexistingcalculationin
aprojectyoucanduplicatethecalculationandthenmakeyourchangestothecopy,
withoutaffectingtheoriginalcalculation. Toduplicateacalculation:
1. Inthe ProjectManager windowclickonceonthecalculationtoselectit.
2. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Duplicateitem. The Description dialogueopens.
3. Type a name for the duplicate calculation and click OK. A copy of the original
calculationisaddedtotheproject.
Youcannowworkwiththeduplicatecalculationintheusualway.
CHAPTER3. MANAGING PROJECTS AND CALCULATIONS
3.8
14
Renamingcalculations
Tochangethenameofacalculation:
1. Inthe ProjectManager windowclickonceonthecalculationtoselectit.
2. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Renameselecteditem. The Name dialogueopens.
ForaU-valuecalculationthedialoguewillthetitled U-valueName andforaSAP
calculationitwillbetitled SAP name.
3. Enteranewnameforthecalculationandclick OK.The ProjectManager window
showsthenewname.
Changingthenameofthecalculationwillnotaffectthecalculationresults.
3.9
Deletingcalculations
CalculationscanbedeletedfromJPA Designerprojects.
WARNING:thereisnowayofrecoveringadeletedcalculation.
Todeleteacalculation:
1. Inthe ProjectManager windowclickonceonthecalculationtoselectit.
2. From the menu bar select Edit>Delete selected item. JPA Designer asks you to
confirmthedeletion.
3. Click Yes todeletethecalculationor No toabandonthedeletion. Ifyouclick Yes
thecalculationisremovedfromtheproject.
3.10
Mergingprojects
Tohelpyoure-useSAP andU-valuecalculationsJPA Designerallowsyoutomergeall
thecalculationsinanexistingprojectintothecurrentlyopenproject. Thiscanbeuseful
ifyouhaveanumberofstandardcalculationsstoredindifferentprojectswhichyouneed
tobringtogetherforaparticularjob.
Tomergecalculationsfromoneprojectintoanother:
1. In ProjectManager openorcreatetheprojectyouwantto receive thecalculations.
2. Fromthemenubarselect File>MergeaprojectfromdiskintothisProject. The
Open dialogueappears.
3. Selectthefilewhich contains thecalculationsandclick Open. JPA Designeradds
thecalculationstothecurrentprojectandliststheminthe ProjectManager window. Youcannoweditthemwithoutaffectingtheoriginalproject.
CHAPTER3. MANAGING PROJECTS AND CALCULATIONS
3.11
15
Importingandupgradingcalculations
JPA DesignercanconvertSAP calculationscarriedoutunderoneversionofSAP toa
laterversionofSAP.YoumayneedtodothiswhentheBuildingRegulationscompliance
calculationisbasedonapreviousversionofSAP,buttheEPC hastobeissuedusingthe
currentversionofSAP.Theprogramtakesacopyofthedatafromtheoriginalcalculation
andconvertsthecopytothelatestversion, leavingtheoriginalcalculationuntouched.
Youcan:
• convertSAP 9.81calculationstoSAP 9.90;
• convertSAP 9.70calculationstoSAP 9.80/9.81;
• importSAP 9.60calculationsfromJPA SAP v2andconverttoSAP 9.70.
IneachcaseyoucanconvertthecalculationfromanolderversionofSAP toamore
recentversion, butyoucannotconvertacalculationtoanolderversionofSAP.
ToconvertaSAP 9.81/9.80calculationtoSAP 9.90:
1. Inthe ProjectManager windowselecttheSAP 9.81calculation.
2. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>CopyselectedSAP 9.8x2005dwellingtoV9.90
2009.
3. JPA DesignercreatesacopyoftheoriginalcalculationasaSAP 9.90calculation.
Thecopyhasthesamenameastheoriginal, butappendedwith SAP version9.90.
ToconvertaSAP 9.70calculationtoSAP 9.80:
1. Inthe ProjectManager windowselecttheSAP 9.70calculation.
2. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>CopyselectedSAP 9.702001toSAP 9.802005
dwelling.
3. JPA DesignercreatesacopyoftheoriginalcalculationasaSAP 9.80calculation.
Thecopyhasthesamenameastheoriginal, butappendedwith SAP version9.80.
The9.80calculationcanthenupdatedto9.81bytickingthe SAP version9.81 box
inthe ProjectInformation dialogueintheSAP module(see section 16.6)
4. Whenyouopenthe9.80calculationyouwillbepromptedtoaddadditionaldetails
whichwerenotrequiredbytheearlierversionofSAP.
CHAPTER3. MANAGING PROJECTS AND CALCULATIONS
3.12
16
Programoptions
TherearemanywaysinwhichyoucancustomisetheperformanceandoutputsofJPA
Designer. Mostoftheoptionsarecontrolledfromthe Options dialogue.
Toopenthe Options dialogue, in ProjectManager select Options fromthemenubar.
TheOptionsdialogueboxhasfourtabs:
General:
• Printermargins: enablesyoutosetthepagemargins. Ifyouareusingheadedpaper
youcansetthetopmarginforthefirstpagetobegreaterthanthatofthesecond
page, whichcanbeprintedoncontinuationpaperorblankpaper.
• Companynameandaddress: thedetailsenteredherewillappearonprintoutsand
PDFsofU-valueandSAP calculations.
• Options: selectwhichitemswhichshouldappearontheprintoutsanddetermine
whethertheprogramshouldattempttomakeabackupcopyoftheprojectfile.
• UvalueDisclaimer: enterthedisclaimertexttoappearonprintoutsandPDFsof
U-valuecalculations.
• SAP/Nondwelldisclaimer: enterthedisclaimertexttoappearonprintoutsand
PDFsofSAP andNondwellcalculations.
• DefaultSAP location: determineswhichregulationswillbeusedforSAP calculations: currentlythechoicesareEnglandandWales, ScotlandorNorthernIreland.
• Start-upfolder: setsthedefaultfolderforsavingandopeningprojectfiles.
• Checkforprogrammeupdates: letsyouspecifywhetherornotthesoftwarewill
checkforupdatedversionsofJPA Designer. Formoreinformationsee section 2.5.
Logoandsignature:
• Logoposition: JPA Designercanaddyourcompanylogotoprintouts. Usethese
settingstodeterminethepositionofthelogo. Thelogofilemustbea256colour
bitmapwiththefileextensionBMP,anditmustbeintheJPA Designerfolder. Enter
thenameofthefileinthetextbox: donotincludethepath(e.g.enter logo.bmp
not c:\Programfiles\JPATL\JPA Designer981\logo.bmp).
• Addressposition: Thesesettingsdeterminethepositionofyourcompanyaddress
onprintoutsandPDFs. Entertheaddressitselfinthe General tab.
• Certificatesignatureposition: JPA Designercanincludeadigitisedsignatureon
printoutsofSAP calculations. Usethesesettingstodeterminethepositionofthe
signature. Thesignaturefilemustbea256colourbitmapwiththefileextension,
andmustbestoredinthesamefolderastheprogramfiles.
TheSAP certificateisonlyusedwithSAP 2001, version9.70.
CHAPTER3. MANAGING PROJECTS AND CALCULATIONS
17
• TIMSA Logo: ifyouareamemberoftheBBA/TIMSA U-valueaccreditationscheme
youcanaddtheschemelogotoyouprintouts. Thelogomustbea256colour
bitmapwiththefileextension, andmustbestoredinthesamefolderastheprogram
files. Tickthe Default boxifyouwantthelogotobeincludedonallU-valueprintouts.
Email:
In future versions of the program you will be able to email calculations directly from
JPA Designer. Thereisnoneedtoprovidethisinformationinthecurrentversionofthe
program.
Other:
The Other tabletsyouset:
• thedefaultthermalconductivityofthescreedinabeamandblockfloorconstruction;
• calculating the effect of mechanical fasteners in U-value calculations using the
methodinBS EN ISO 6946:2007.
• the location of the SAP preview window, together with it length (this is not the
sizeofthewindowonscreen, buttheamountofscrollablespaceallocatedtothe
preview–alongpreviewishelpfulifyouwanttoviewthecalculationresultson
screenwhenyourcalculationhasalargenumbersofelementsandopenings).
• whetherEPCsarelodgedinLandmark'stestorliveenvironments(thisismainly
usedbyJPA TL andaccreditationschemesfortestingsystems).
PartII
U-valuecalculations
18
4 TheJPA DesignerU-valuemodules
JPA DesignerofferstwoU-valuemodules:
• Uvalue2010 calculatesU-valuesforwalls, roofsandintermediatefloorsusingthe
combinedmethod(BS EN ISO 6946)andalsocalculatesU-valuesforgroundfloors
toBS EN ISO 13370.
• Uvalue2010Professional hasthefunctionalityofUvalue2010andalsoperforms
condensationriskanalysisusingthemethodssetoutinBS EN ISO 13788:2002and
BS 5250:1989AppendixD.
UvaluecalculationsarecarriedoutintheUvaluemoduleby:
1. Enteringprojectinformation(section 4.1).
2. Entering key information about the building element, such as the element type
(e.g.wall, floor, roof)andanyspecialconstructiontypes(e.g.metalframe)(chapter 5);
3. Definingthedifferentlayerswhichmakeuptheelement(chapter 7);
4. Addingcorrectionfactorsforfactorssuchasmechanicalfastenersandairgapsin
insulationlayers(chapter 8).
5. Printingcalculationresults, orcreatingPDF filesoftheresultsforemailing(chapter 12).
Youcantesttheeffectdifferentmaterialshaveonthethermalperformanceoftheelement
byusingthevariablelayerfeature(section 9.4).
19
CHAPTER4. THE JPA DESIGNER U-VALUE MODULES
4.1
20
Uvalueprojectinformation
JPA Designercanstoreanddisplayclientandprojectdetailsforeachcalculation. You
caneithercopyclientandprojectdetailswhichyouenteredinthe ProjectInformation
dialogueinthe ProjectManager window, oryoucanenternewdataintheUvaluemodules. Youcanalsosaveandre-useclientdata(section 3.2).
TocopyprojectdetailsfromProjectManager:
1. In the Uvalue module select Edit>Project Information from the menu bar. The
ProjectInformation dialogueopens.
2. Clickthe Inherit button. AnyinformationyouenteredinProjectManageriscopied
tothe ProjectInformation dialoguehere.
3. Click OK.
Toenternewprojectdetails:
1. In the Uvalue module select Edit>Project Information from the menu bar. The
ProjectInformation dialogueopens.
2. Enterprojectinformationbytypingitintotheappropriatefields. Usethe <Tab>
key to move between fields. Click OK when you have entered all the data you
need.
5 Constructiondetails
The thermal performance of building element will be affected by the type of element
anditspositionwithinabuilding. Theseconditionsaresetinthe U-valueConstruction
dialogue(Figure 5.1), whichacceptsdetailsof:
• Thetypeofelement(e.g.roof, wall, floor), togetherwithadditionalinformationfor
someelements(section 5.1).
• Theconditionsattheinternalandexternalssurfaces(see section 5.2).
• Detailsofanylightsteelframeconstruction(see section 9.1).
• Detailsofbuiltuproofingorcladding(see section 9.2).
• Correctionsfactorsforfastenersandunheatedspaces(see section 8.5).
Toenterdata:
1. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Constructiontype. The U-valueConstruction dialogueopens.
2. Enteryourdataandclick OK.
Forsomeconstructions, suchasthosewithmechanicalfasteners, youmayfinditeasier
toentersomeofthedataintheconstructiondialogue after youhaveenteredthelayers
oftheelement.
5.1
Elementtype
JPA Designerrecognisesseveraltypesofelementwhichhavetobetreateddifferentlyin
thecalculationprocess. Usetheradiobuttonsinthe Elementtype sectiontoselectthe
typeoffloor, wallorroof. Forsomeelementsthereareoptionsforenteringadditional
information.
Theavailableelementtypesare:
• Flatroof. A roofwithapitchtypicallylessthan15°. Thereisanoptiontoenter
dataforaninvertedroof(section 9.3).
21
CHAPTER5. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
22
Figure 5.1: TheU-valueConstructiondialogue
• Pitched roof with horizontal ceiling. Typically a `cold roof' with the insulation
appliedbetweenandovertheceilingjoists. Youmustenterthepitch(angle)ofthe
roof, measuredfromthehorizontal.
• Pitched roof with ceiling at rafter line. A `warm roof' with the insulation in the
planeoftherafters.
• Wall. Anyconstructionatanangleofmorethan70°tothehorizontal. Thereisan
optiontoenterdataforthefixingsinrainscreencladding(section 8.4).
• Floorotherthangroundfloor. A flooroveranopenspace(e.g.aparkingbay)oran
unheatedspace(e.g.anenclosedgarage).
• Solidgroundfloor. A floorwhichiscontactwiththegroundacrossitswholearea,
suchasgroundbearingconcreteslab.
• Suspendedgroundfloor. A floorwithaventilatedspacebelowthefloordeck, such
asabeamandblockfloorortimberjoistfloor.
• Basementfloor.
• Basementwall.
CHAPTER5. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
23
Youmayalsoenteradescriptionfortheelementinthe Description box, orselectone
fromthedrop-downlist. Thedescriptiondoesnotaffectthecalculation
5.2
Internalandexternalsurfaces
U-valuecalculationsincludeallowancesfortheeffectsofthethermalresistancesofthe
thinlayersofaironeithersideoftheconstruction; thesurfaceresistances. Thoseresistancesareaffectedbythedirectionofheatflowthroughtheconstructionandtheemissivityoftheexposedsurfaces.
Thesurfaceresistancesusedinthecalculationareshowninthetwo SurfaceResistance
boxes. Theprogramautomaticallyadjuststhesurfaceresistancesaccordingtothetype
ofelementbeingconsidered(section 5.1)andtheemissivityofthesurfaces, usingthe
valuesfromBS EN ISO 6946shownin Table 5.1.
Thedefaultemissivitysettingis highemissivity: asvirtuallyeverycommonlyspecified
surfacematerialhasahighemissivitythereisrarelyanyneedtochangethedefault.
Table 5.1: Thermalresistances
5.3
Heatflow
Element
Horizontal
Upwards
Downwards
Wall
Roof
Floor
Internalresistance(Rsi)
Externalresistance(Rse)
0.13
0.10
0.17
0.04
0.04
0.04
Lightsteelframeconstructiontype
U-values forlight steel frame structures have to be calculated using a special method
whichallowsforthehighthermalconductivityofsteel. The Lightsteel-frameConstructionType sectionindicateswhetherthestructurehasalightsteelframe, andifso, whether
itisofwarmorcoldconstruction.
Fornon-steelframestructuresensure Notalightsteelframeconstruction isselected. For
instructionsforcalculatingU-valuesoflightsteelframestructuressee section 9.1.
5.4
Builtupmetalroofingandcladdingsystems
U-valuesforbuilt-upmetalroofingandcladdingsystemshavetobecalculatedbyaspecialmethodwhichtakesaccountofthethermalbridgingeffectsoftherailsandbrackets.
Ifthecalculationisforabuilt-upwallorrooftickthe Built-upmetalroof/wall boxand
see section 9.2 forinstructionsoncompletingthecalculation. Otherwiseleavethebox
blank.
6 Workingwithlayers
A U-valuecalculationisbuiltupbyinsertinglayerswhichcorrespondtothedifferent
materialsintheconstruction. Forexample, aU-valuecalculationforacavitywallwould
havealayertorepresenteachof:
• theoutsidesurfaceresistance;
• theouterleafofbrickwork;
• thecavity;
• thecavityinsulation;
• theinnerleafofmasonry;
• theplasterfinish;
• theinternalsurfaceresistance.
Youcanaddlayerstothecalculationbyinsertingmaterialsfromtheprogram'sextensive
database, which includes data for generic materials and cavities, as well as branded
productsfromanumberofmanufacturers. Formanycommonconstructionsitispossible
toinsertallthelayersfromthedatabase.
Ifyoucannotfindamaterialinthedatabasethenyoucaninsertablanklayerandedit
theinformationyourself.
6.1
InsertinglayersfromtheProductsdatabase
TheProductsdatabasecontainsawiderangeofmaterialsandcavitiesforuseinU-value
calculationsandisaccessedusingthe ProductsDatabase window(Figure 6.1).
The ProductsDatabase windowhasthreemainparts:
• The Categories box, whichisusedtoselectthetypeofmaterialyouwanttouse.
Categoriesofbrandedmaterialsareshownin bold, categoriesofgenericmaterials
innormaltextandusercategoriesin italics (see chapter 14 forinformationonadding
yourownmaterials).
24
CHAPTER6. WORKING WITH LAYERS
25
Figure 6.1: TheProductsDatabasewindow
• The Products box, whichyouusetoselectamaterialfromaparticularcategory.
• The Construction boxwhichshowstheorderoflayersintheconstruction.
ToinsertlayersusingtheProductsDatabase:
1. Selecttheexistinglayerwhichwillbe below thenewlayer.
2. Fromthemenubarselect Insert>Layerfromdatabase (orclickthe Database button
onthetoolbar). The ProductsDatabase dialogueopens.
3. Usethescrollbaronthe Categories boxtofindthemanufacturerortypeofmaterial
youneed, thenclickonceonthatcategory. The Products boxshowsthematerial
inthatcategory.
4. Clickonamaterialtoselectit, thenclickthe Addtoconstruction button(alternativelyyoucandoubleclickonthematerialinthe Productsbox). The Thickness
dialogueopens.
CHAPTER6. WORKING WITH LAYERS
26
If the material has a set thickness the layer will be added without the Thickness
dialogueopening.
5. Enterthethicknessofthelayerthenclick OK.The Construction boxnowshows
thenewlayer.
6. Youcannowaddmorelayersfromthedatabase, usingthe Construction boxto
controlthepositionofthenewlayers.
7. Whenyouhavefinishedaddinglayersclickthe Close button. Themain Uvalue
windownowshowsthecalculationwiththenewlayersadded.
Ifyouarenotsurewhichcategoryaparticularmaterialbelongstoyoucanusethe Search
buttontofindit.
Youcanusethe OnlyshowMydatabase boxtomakethesoftwareonlyshowcategories
whichyouhaveadded.
If you have assigned short codes to materials you can view database items sorted accordingtotheshortcodebyclickingthesortbyshortcodecheckboxinthe Products
Database dialogue. Youcanuseshortcodestoselectmaterialsbyenteringacodein
the ShortCode textboxthenclickingthe Addtoconstruction button: howevertheshort
codesystemisnotingeneraluse.
6.2
Insertingblanklayersinacalculation
Toinsertanewblanklayer:
1. Selecttheexistinglayerwhichwillbe below thenewlayer.
2. Fromthemenubarselect Insert>Blanklayer (alternativelyyoucanpress <Insert>).
Thenewblanklayerisaddedtothecalculation above theexistinglayer.
3. Doubleclickonthelayertoopenitforediting.
Becausetheprograminsertsnewlayers above thecurrentlyselectedlayeritiseasiestto
workfromoutsidetoinsideforwallandroofcalculationsandfrominsidetooutsidefor
floorcalculations.
6.3
Cutting, copying, pastinganddeletinglayers
Cuttingalayerfromthecalculationremovesthelayer, butkeepsthedetailsontheclipboard. Tocutalayer:
1. Clickonthelayertoselectit.
2. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Cutlayertoclipboard (alternativelyclickthe Cut
buttononthetoolbarorpress`<Ctrl+X>). Thelayerisremoved.
CHAPTER6. WORKING WITH LAYERS
27
Copyingalayerinacalculationcopiesthelayertotheclipboardbutkeepstheoriginal
layerinplace. Tocopyalayer:
1. Clickonthelayertoselectit.
2. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Copylayertoclipboard (alternativelyclickthe Copy
buttononthetoolbarorpress <Ctrl+C>). Thelayeriscopiedtotheclipboard.
Pastingalayerinsertsthelayercurrentlyintheclipboardintothecalculation. Topastea
layer:
1. Clickonthelayerwhichyouwanttobe below thepastedlayer.
2. Select Edit>Pastelayerfromclipboard fromthemenubar(alternativelyclickthe
Paste button on the tool bar or press <Ctrl+V>). The layer is inserted into the
calculation above theselectedlayer.
Todeletealayer:
1. Clickonthelayeryouwishtodelete.
2. Press <Del>.
7 Workingwithmaterials
Thepropertiesoflayersareenteredandeditedinthe EditMaterial dialogue(Figure 7.1).
Thedialogueenablesyoutoset:
• thebasiccharacteristicsofthematerial(section 7.1).
• thetypeofmaterial(section 7.2).
• detailsofthermalbridging(section 7.3).
• anyairgapcorrection(section 8.2).
Toeditthepropertiesofalayer:
1. Clickonthelayertoselect.
2. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Layer (alternatively, doubleclickthelayer, orpress
<Enter>). The EditMaterial dialogueopens.
3. Amendthedataforthelayerandclick OK.
7.1
Basiccharacteristics
The Material sectioncontainsthebasicdataaboutthelayer, including:
• Description: thenameofthematerialoradescription, whichappearsinthecalculation.
• Shortcode: usedwiththedatabasetosortorentermaterials–notingeneraluse.
• Category: notingeneraluse.
• Thickness: crosssectionalthicknessofthelayer, measuredinmm.
• Thermalconductivity: therateofconductionheattransferthrough1mofthematerial, measuredin W/mK. Sometimesreferredtoasthelambdavalueorkvalue.
28
CHAPTER7. WORKING WITH MATERIALS
29
Figure 7.1: TheEditMaterialdialogue
• Thermalresistance: theresistancetoheattransferprovidedbythelayer, measured
in m2 K/W.
• Vapourresistivity: therateoftransferofwatervapourthrough1mofthematerial,
measuredin MNs/gm.
• Vapourresistance: theresistancetowatervapourprovidedbythelayer, measured
in MNs/g.
Thefollowingtwovaluesareonlyrequiredfor κ-valuecalculations..
• Density: themasspercubicmetreofthematerial, measuredin kg/m3 .
• Specificheatcapacity: theamountofenergyrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof
onekilogramofthematerialbyoneKelvin(roughlyequivalentto1degreeCelcius).
kJ/kg.
7.2
Typesofmaterialsandcavities
Layerswithinbuildingelementshavedifferentcombinationsofproperties: JPA Designer
recognises four types of material and three types of cavity. In addition, the program
distinguishesbetweenmaterialswhicharethermalinsulationandthosewhicharenot.
Therestofthissectiondescribesthetypesoflayerandthedatarequiredforeachone.
CHAPTER7. WORKING WITH MATERIALS
7.2.1
30
Normal
Normalmaterialshavethesamecompositionallthewaythrough, sothethermalresistanceofanormallayerisdeterminedbythematerial'sconductivityandthickness. A
normalmaterialrequiresthefollowinginformation:
• Type: select Normal.
• Description : typeadescriptionofthelayer–thiswillappearontheprintout.
• Thickness: enterinmillimetres, mm.
• Thermalconductivity: enterin W/mK.
• Theprogramcalculatesthe Thermalresistance in m2 K/W.
• Vapourresistivity: (onlyrequiredifyouwillbecarryingoutcondensationriskanalysis)enterin MNs/gm.
• Theprogramcalculatesthe Vapourresistance in MNs/g.
7.2.2
Compositematerials
Forcompositematerials, forexampleinsulation-backedplasterboard, thereisnodirect
linkbetweentheconductivity, thicknessandthermalresistance. Youmustthereforeuse
thethermalresistanceforthespecificconfigurationofthematerial(thiswillusuallybe
suppliedbythemanufactureroftheproduct). A compositematerialrequiresthefollowing
information:
• Type: select Composite.
• Description : typeadescriptionofthelayer–thiswillappearontheprintout.
• Thickness: enterinmillimetres, mm.
• Thermalresistance: enterin m2 K/W.
• Vapour resistance: (only required if you will be carrying out condensation risk
analysis)enterin MNs/g.
7.2.3
Fixedvapourresistancematerials
Somematerials, suchasglassandmetals, haveveryhighvapourresistances, evenwhen
usedinthinlayers. Toenablethevapourresistancetoberepresentedproperlyinthe
calculationyoushouldenterthesematerialsas fixedvapourresistance. Thatwillbreak
the link between the vapour resistance and the thickness, and so prevent the vapour
resistancebeingreducedtoanunrealisticallylowlevelbytheminimalthickness.
ForU-valuecalculationsmaterialswithfixedvapourresistancesbehavethesamewayas
normalmaterials: youshouldonlyneedtousematerialwithfixedvapourresistancesin
condensationriskcalculations. A fixedvapourresistancematerialrequiresthefollowing
information:
CHAPTER7. WORKING WITH MATERIALS
31
• Type: select Fixedvapourresistance.
• Description : typeadescriptionofthelayer–thiswillappearontheprintout.
• Thickness: enterinmillimetres, mm.
• Thermalconductivity: enterin W/mK.
• Theprogramcalculatesthe Thermalresistance in m2 K/W.
• Vapourresistance: enterin MNs/g.
7.2.4
Membranes
Membranes, suchasvapourcontrollayersorvapouropenroofingunderlays, aretreated
ashavingnothermalresistance. TheythereforehavenoeffectonU-valuecalculations,
onlyaffectingcondensationriskanalysis. Membranesrequirethefollowinginformation:
• Type: select Membrane.
• Description : typeadescriptionofthelayer–thiswillappearontheprintout.
• Vapourresistance: enterin MNs/g.
7.2.5
Clearcavities
Thethermalresistanceofacavityisnotcalculatedfromitsthickness, althoughitisaffectedbythedirectionofheatflowwithintheconstruction. Standardvaluesforcavities
may be found in the Products Database and in publications such as BS 5250. Clear
cavities, suchasthoseincavitywalls, requirethefollowinginformation.
• Type: select Clearcavity.
• Description : typeadescriptionofthelayer–thiswillappearontheprintout.
• Thickness: enterinmillimetres, mm.
• Thermalresistance: enterin m2 K/W.
• Vapourresistance: cavitieshaveavapourresistanceof 0.00 MNs/g.
7.2.6
Bridgedcavities
Bridgedcavities, suchasthoseinsometimberframedconstructions, aretreatedthesame
asclearcavities, butwithbridgingdetailsadded(section 7.3). Bridgedcavitiesrequire
thefollowinginformation.
• Type: select Bridgedcavity.
• Description : typeadescriptionofthelayer–thiswillappearontheprintout.
• Thickness: enterinmillimetres, mm.
• Thermalresistance: enterin m2 K/W.
• Vapourresistance: cavitieshaveavapourresistanceof 0.00 MNs/g.
Youwillalsoneedtoenterthebridgingdetails(section 7.3).
CHAPTER7. WORKING WITH MATERIALS
7.2.7
32
Ventedcavities
Ventedcavities, suchasthebattenspaceinawarmpitchedroof, aretreatedthesameas
clearcavities. Identifyingacavityasventedallowssomelayersoftheconstructiontobe
ignoredforcondensationriskanalysis(forfurtherinformationsee chapter 13). Vented
cavitiesrequirethefollowinginformation:
• Type: select Ventedcavity.
• Description : typeadescriptionofthelayer–thiswillappearontheprintout.
• Thickness: enterinmillimetres, mm.
• Thermalresistance: enterin m2 K/W.
• Vapourresistance: cavitieshaveavapourresistanceof 0.00 MNs/g.
7.2.8
Thermalinsulation
InordertocomplywiththerequirementsofEuropeanproductstandardsforfactorymanufacturedthermalinsulation(standardsBS EN 13162toBS EN 13172)JPA Designerrounds
thethermalresistancevaluesforthermalinsulationdowntothenearest 0.05 m2 K/W. To
ensuretheprogramdoesthiscorrectlyyoumusttickthe isthermalinsulation boxforall
layersoffactorymanufacturedthermalinsulation. Theoriginalvalueforthermalresistancewillappearinthe Editmaterial dialoguewhilethe U-value windowwillshowthe
roundedvalue. Foradditionalinformationontheroundingfeatureandinstructionson
howtoturnitonoroffsee chapter 13.
7.3
Thermalbridging
Thermalbridgesareformedwherethematerialinalayerisinterruptedbyasecondmaterialwithdifferentthermalconductivity, forexample, theinsulationinatimberframed
wallisinterrupted(bridged)bythetimberstuds. Inmostcasesthermalbridgingincreases
heatlossthroughthebridgedlayer(hencethecommonlyusedterm`coldbridge'). The
effect of thermal bridges which occur regularly throughout a layer (repeating thermal
bridges)hastobeincludedinU-valuecalculationsbyaddedthedetailsofthethermal
bridgetoeachbridgedlayerusingthe Editmaterial dialogue.
Thermalbridgingiseither:
• one-dimensionale.g.timbersrunninginonedirection; or,
• two-dimensionale.g.mortarjointswhichrunverticallyandvertically.
Theinformationrequiredforsettingthermalbridgingincludes:
• Thethermalconductivityofthebridgingmaterial: forcommonbridgematerials
thiscanbesetalongwiththe Bridgedescription.
CHAPTER7. WORKING WITH MATERIALS
33
• Thewidthofthebridgingmaterial(Bridgewidth)andhorizontaldistancebetween
bridges(Non-bridgewidth). Fortwo-dimensionalbridgingyouwillalsoneedto
know the vertical distances between bridges (Non-bridge height). The software
usesthosevaluestodeterminethe Proportionbridged.
However, forsomeconstructionsyouwillthenneedtoadjustthe Proportionbridged
toallowforadditionalbridgingmaterialsuchascrossnogginsandotherframingin
timberframedwalls. YoucanfindrecommendedstandardproportionsintheBRE
publicationBR 443 ConventionsforU-valuecalculations.
• Thethicknessofthebridgingmaterial. Inmostcasesthebridgethicknesswillbe
thesameasthatofthemainmaterialofthelayer.
Toenterthermalbridgingdetails:
1. Usethe Bridgetype radiobuttonstodeterminewhetherthebridgingis 1dimensional or 2dimensional. The Editmaterial dialoguenowshowsthe Thermalbridge
section.
Ifyouarenotsurewhetherthebridgingisoneortwodimensionalclickingthe Help
buttonwillopenaguidancewindow: theannotationonthehelpdiagramsmatch
thoseonthedataentryboxes.
2. Selectthebridgingmaterialfromthe Bridgedescription drop-down. Theprogram
setsthe Bridgethermalconductivity.
Ifyouareusinganunusualbridgingmaterialyoucanenteryourowndescription,
thenentertheconductivitymanually.
3. Enterthe Bridgewidth inmm.
4. Enterthe Non-bridgewidth inmm.
5. Fortwo-dimensionalbridgingenterthe Non-bridgeheight inmm.
6. Ifnecessary, changethe Proportionbridged valuetoastandardvalue. Thesoftware
adjuststhe Bridgewidth accordingly.
7. Setthebridgethicknessbyselecting Followsmaterialthickness, orselecting Fixed
at thenenteringthicknessinmm.
Insomeconstructions–notablybuiltupmetalroofandwallcladding–therearetwo
setsofthermalbridges. Toenterdetailsofasecondbridge:
1. Enterthedetailsforthefirstbridge.
2. Clickthe Secondbridge box. The Optionalsecondbridge sectionisdisplayed.
3. Selectthebridgingmaterialfromthe Bridgedescription drop-down. Theprogram
setsthe Bridgethermalconductivity.
Ifyouareusinganunusualbridgingmaterialyoucanenteryourowndescription,
thenentertheconductivitymanually.
CHAPTER7. WORKING WITH MATERIALS
34
4. Enterthe Bridgewidth inmm. Thesoftwareusesthe Non-bridgewidth forthefirst
bridgetocalculatethe Proportionbridged.
Non-bridgewidth=centre-to-centredistance-(bridge1+bridge2).
5. Whenthebridgingmaterialisairyoucanusethe Smallairspaceresistance button
tocalculatethethermalresistanceofthebridge: enterthethicknessoftheairspace
anditswidth–bothinmm–thenclick OK.Theresistanceisdisplayedinthe Bridge
thermalresistance box.
8 Correctionfactors
Whilst the U-value of an element depends largely upon the thermal properties of the
layersofwhichitiscomposedthereareanumberofotherfactorswhichcanaffectthe
rateofheatloss. Thoseareaddressedbyapplyingcorrectionfactorstothecalculation.
Therearecorrectionfactorsfor:
• Mechanicalfastenerswhichpenetrateinsulation, dUf(section 8.1);
• Airgapsininsulationlayers, dUg(section 8.2).
• Theeffectofrainwatercoolingoninvertedroofs, dUr(section 8.3;
• Bracketsinrainscreencladdingsystems(section 8.4).
• Insulationcompressioninbuiltupmetalroofingandcladding, dUp(section 9.2).
Thecorrectionfactorsarecalculatedseparatelyfromthermalresistancesofthelayers,
andarethenaddedtotherawU-value: however, ifthecorrectionfactorstotallessthan
3%oftherawU-valuethentheyareignoredincalculatingfinalU-value. Thevaluesfor
correctionfactorsaredisplayedinthemainU-valuewindow, nexttothefinalU-value.
ItisalsopossibletoadjusttheresultofaU-valuecalculationtoaccountfortheeffectof
havinganunheatedspacetothecoldsideoftheconstruction(section 8.5).
8.1
Mechanicalfasteners
Metalfastenerswhichpenetratelayersofthermalinsulationreducetheeffectivenessof
theinsulation: thateffecthastobeincludedinU-valuecalculations, usingthecorrection
factordUf1 . Commonconstructionswhichrequirethecorrectionare:
• Cavitywallswithpartialorfull-fillcavityinsulation.
• Warmpitchedroofswhereinsulationislaidovertheraftersandrestrainedbycounterbattensfixedbacktotherafters.
1
Notethatthecalculationmethodformechanicalfastenershaschangedfromversion4.04b1build
025onwards, andnowusesthemethodinBS EN ISO 6946:2007.
35
CHAPTER8. CORRECTION FACTORS
36
Figure 8.1: Dataentryboxesforthemechanicalfastenerscorrection
• Warmflatroofswheretheinsulationand/orthewaterproofmembraneismechanicallyfixedtothedeck.
Thereisnoneedtoapplyacorrection:
• toconstructionswithoutfasteners, e.g.solidmasonrywalls;
• forfastenerswithbothendsincontactwithmetalsheets;
• forwalltiesacrossanemptycavity;
• forwalltiesbetweenamasonryleafandtimberstuds;
• where thethermal conductivityof the fastener, or part of it, is less than 1W/mK
(suchasplasticties).
ThecorrectionfactordUfiscalculatedfrom:
• Thethermalresistanceofthebridgedlayerandtheelementitself.
• The alphacoefficient whichis0.8forthestandardcaseofanon-recessedfastener.
Alphacanbeadjustedforrecessedfastenersorfastenerswhichpenetratetheinsulationatanangle: SeeISO 6946:2007sectionD.3.2.
• The thermalconductivityofthefastener: typically 17 W/mK forstainlesssteeland
60 W/mK formildsteel.
• The numberoffastenerspersquaremetre.
• The crosssectionalareaofthefastener: typicaldoubletriangletieshaveacross
sectionalareaof 11.3 mm2 (basedon3.8mmdiameter).
Toenterdataformechanicalfasteners:
1. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Constructiontype. The U-valueConstruction dialogueopens.
2. Usethedrop-downtoselectthe Layerbridgedbymechanicalfasteners.
3. In the Correction for mechanical fasteners section either use the drop-down to
selectoneofthestandardfastenertypesorentertheindividualitemsofdataforthe
fasteners.
Toviewthedefaultvaluesclickthe Help button.
4. Wherethefastenerisrecessed, enterthelengthofthefastenerthatpenetratesthe
insulationlayer, inmm.
CHAPTER8. CORRECTION FACTORS
37
Figure 8.2: Correctingforairgapsininsulationlayers
8.2
Airgapcorrection
Air movement through and around an insulation layer will reduce its thermal performance. TheeffectofthatreductionisincludedintheU-valuecalculationbyacorrection
factor, dUg, whichisderivedfromtherelativethermalresistancesoftheinsulationlayer
andtheconstructionasawhole, andfromacoefficientdU'',whichrepresentsthesize
ofgapsintheinsulationlayer. ValuesfordU'
• Wherenoairgapspenetratetheinsulationlayerandnoaircirculationispossible
onitswarmside, dU'' = 0.00 W/m2 K.
• Wheresomeairgapspenetratetheinsulationlayerandnoaircirculationispossible
onitswarmside, dU'' = 0.01 W/m2 K.
• Wheresomeairgapspenetratetheinsulationlayerandsomeaircirculationispossibleonitswarmside, dU'' = 0.04 W/m2 K.
A valuefordU'' mustbesetfor every insulationlayer.
Tocorrectforairgaps:
1. InthemainU-valuewindowdoubleclickontheinsulationlayer. The Editmaterial
dialogueopens.
2. EntertheappropriatevaluefordU'' inthe dU'' box(see Figure 8.2). thenclick OK.
Clickthe Help buttontoviewthestandardvaluesfordU''.Inmanycasesthedefault
valueofzeroisappropriate.
8.3
Rainwatercooling
Invertedroofs–orprotectedmembraneroofs–havesomeorallofthethermalinsulation
installedoverthetopofthewaterproofmembranewhereitisrestrainedbyaggregate
orotherballast. Rainwaterfallingoninvertedroofscanpercolatebetweeninsulation
boardstothewaterproofingmembrane, whereitwillincreasetherateofheatloss. The
reductioninperformanceisrepresentedwithinaU-valuecalculationbytherainwater
coolingcorrectionfactor, dUr, whichiscalculatedfrom:
• Theaveragerateofrainfallduringtheheatingseason, p (mm/day);
• A drainagefactor, f, whichrepresentsthefractionof p whichreachesthewaterproofingmembrane;
CHAPTER8. CORRECTION FACTORS
38
Figure 8.3: Dataforrainscreencladdingcorrection
• A factorforincreasedheatlosscausedbyrainwaterflowingonthemembrane, x
(Wday/m2 Kmm).
InJPA Designerthatdataisenteredusingthe U-valueConstruction dialogue. Asyou
have to indicate which layer is affected by the rainwater cooling it is best to add the
correctionfactor after youhavedefinedthelayersintheconstruction.
Toenterrainwatercoolingdata:
1. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>ConstructionType.
2. Inthe Elementtype sectionselect Flatroof.
3. Tickthe Invertedroof box. Newdataentryboxesappear.
4. Inthe Externalinsulationlayers boxtickthelayer(s)isaffectedbytherainwater
cooling.
WherealowU-valueisrequiredtheremaybemorethanoneinsulationlayeraffected.
5. Entervaluesfor f.x and p. Click OK.
Ifyoudonothaveproject-specificvaluesyoucanusethedefaultvaluesforf.xand
p.
8.4
Rainscreencladding
WhencalculatingU-valuesforwallswhichincluderainscreencladdingtheresultshave
tobeadjustedtoaccountfortheeffectofanymetalfixingswhichpenetratetheinsulation.
JPA Designercancorrectfortheeffectofpointfixings, usingmethod(c)insection4.9.5
ofBR 443 ConventionsforU-valuecalculations.
Thecalculationrequiresthepointthermaltransmittanceofthefixing, x, andthenumber
offixingspersquaremetre, n. As x dependsonthetypeoffixingyoumustgetthecorrect
value from the fixing manufacturer. The data is entered in the U-value Construction
dialogue.
Tocorrectforbracketsinrainscreencladding:
1. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>ConstructionType. The U-valueConstruction dialogueopens.
2. Inthe Elementtype sectionselect Wall.
3. Tickthe Rainscreencladding box. Newdataentryboxesappear(see Figure 8.3).
4. Entervaluesfor x and n. Click OK.
Ifyoudonothaveproject-specificvaluesyoucancarryoutaninitialcalculation
usingthedefaultvaluesforxandn.
CHAPTER8. CORRECTION FACTORS
39
Figure 8.4: Dataentryforelementsseparatingheatedandunheatedspaces
8.5
Elementsseparatingheatedandunheatedspaces
Therateofheatlossthroughanelementwhichseparatesaheatedspacefromanunheated
spacewillbelowerthanthatthroughanidenticalelementwhichseparatesaheatedspace
fromoutside, astherelativelywarmairwithinanunheatedspaceactsasathermalbuffer.
ThecombinedmethodforcalculatingU-valuesallowsforthiseffectusingtheratioof:
• thesurfaceareasoftheelementswhichseparatetheheatedspacefromtheunheated
space, Ai, to,
• thesurfaceareasoftheelementswhichseparatetheunheatedspacefromoutside,
Ae.
Whenmeasuring Ai and Ae, youshouldincludewallsandintermediatefloors(suchas
thatoveranintegralgarage)butexcludegroundfloors. Ai and Ae aremeasuredin m2 .
Toallowforunheatedspaces:
1. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Constructiontype. The U-valueConstruction dialogueopens.
2. Enterthetwoareasinthe Ai and Ae boxes(see Figure 8.4).
3. Click OK.
9 Complexcalculations
9.1
Lightsteelframedstructure
Therearethreedifferentformsoflightsteel-framedstructures:
• Warm frameconstructions: alltheinsulationisoutsidethesteelframing.
• Hybrid constructions: some insulation is fitted between the steel studs and additionalinsulationplacedontheoutsideofthestudstoreducethermalbridging
throughthesteel.
• Cold frameconstructions: alloftheinsulationisincludedwithinthethicknessof
thesteelcomponentsandisbridgedbyit.
Thehighthermalconductivityofsteelmeansthecombinedmethodmustbemodified
forelementswheresomeoralloftheinsulationisbridgedbylightsteelframing. JPA
DesignerusesthemodifiedcalculationmethodwhichwaspublishedinBRE Digest465.
U-valuesforlightsteel-frameconstruction.
TheprocedureforcalculatingtheU-valueofalightsteel-framedelementusingJPA Designeristhesameasforanyotherelement, butwiththefollowingmodifications:
Figure 9.1: Settingthetypeanddetailsoflightsteelframeconstruction
40
CHAPTER9. COMPLEX CALCULATIONS
41
Figure 9.2: Built-upmetalwallorroofcladding
1. Identifytheelementaslightsteel-framedandentertheframingdetails(Figure 9.1.
Inthe UvalueConstruction dialogueusethelightsteel-frameradiobuttonstodefine
isas warm or cold/hybrid.
Ifyouselect Cold/Hybrid enterthe studspacing, studdepth and flangewidth. Use
theoffereddefaultvaluesifyoudonotknowthestuddepthandspacing.
2. Enterthelayersoftheconstructioninthemain Uvalue window.
For cold/hybrid elementssomeofthelayerswillbebridged(section 7.3)forguidanceonenteringbridgedlayers):
In warm elementstheairspacebetweenthestudsshouldbeenteredasabridged
cavity, withsteelasthebridgingmaterial.
In cold/hybrid elementstheinsulationlayerwillbebridgedbysteel.
Anyairspacebehindtheinsulationandbetweenthestudsshouldbeenteredasa
bridgedcavity.
Donotincludetheflangesofthesteelstudswhenenteringbridgingdetails.
3. Entercorrectionsforanymechanicalfastenerswhichpenetratetheinsulationby
completing the Correction for mechanical fasteners section in the Uvalue Construction dialogue(section 8.1).
Usethefirstdropboxtoindicatewhichlayerisbridgedbythemechanicalfasteners,
thenenterthefasteners'dimensionsandspacing. The alphacoefficient is0.8for
warmconstructionsand1.6forcold/hybridconstructions.
9.2
Twinskinmetalcladdingandroofing
Theextentofthethermalbridgingintwin-skinmetalroofingandcladdingsystemsformed
withrailsandbracketsmeansthecombinedmethodhastobemodified. JPA Designer
usesthemethoddescribedintheSteelConstructionInstituteresearchpaperSCI P312:
thatmethodtakesaccountof:
• Thebridgingeffectsoftherailandtheairspacesaroundtherail.
• Thepointbridgingproducedbythebrackets.
CHAPTER9. COMPLEX CALCULATIONS
42
• The compression of the insulation by a shallow-profiled liner (profile depth less
than25mm).
TocalculateU-valuesfortwin-skinmetalroofingandcladding:
1. CreateandopenanewU-valuecalculation.
2. Enteranyprojectinformation.
3. Inthe U-valueConstruction dialogueselecteither wall or flatroof. Donottickthe
Builtupmetalroof/wall boxatthisstage. Click OK.
4. Enterthelayersintheconstructioninthemain U-value window. Entertheinsulation
in twolayers: thefirstlayerbeingtheinsulationwhichisbridgedbytherailsand
thesecondthatwhichispenetratedonlybythebrackets.
Forexample, a170mmlayerofinsulationinaconstructionwith40mmdeeprails
shouldbedividedintoonelayer40mmthickandonelayer130mmthick. Youwill
findlaterpartsofthecalculationeasierifyougivethetwolayersdistinctivenames.
5. Enterthebridgingdetailsforthelayerofinsulationbridgedbytherails(section 7.3
fordetails). Inthe EditMaterials dialogueselect onedimensionalbridging toshow
thethermalbridgingdetails. Enterthedetailsoftherails: bridgematerial–steel
studs, bridgewidth, non-bridgewidth. Thesoftwaresetsthebridgethermalconductivity. Theprogramwillshowtheproportionbridgedandthethermalresistance
ofthebridge.
For`L' shapedsectionsthe bridgewidth willusuallybethethicknessofthesteel,
butfor`C' and`U' sections, wheretherailpenetratestheinsulationlayertwice, use
doublethethicknessofthesteelasthebridgewidth.
6. Enterthebridgedetailsfortheairspacescausedbytherail. Tickthe Secondbridge
box. The Optionalsecondbridge sectionisdisplayed.
7. Enterthe bridgematerial (air)and bridgewidth (inmm): usetwicetherailwidth
toallowforthecompressionoftheinsulationaroundtherails.
Theprogramcalculatestheproportionbridgedusingthedatafromthefirstbridge,
sothenon-bridgedwidth=(Centre-to-centredistanceofrails)-(bridgethickness
1+bridgethickness2).
8. To calculate the thermal resistance of the air space click the Small airspace resistance button. The SmallAirspace Resistance Calculator dialogue opens (Figure 9.3).
9. Enterthe thickness and width oftheairspace. Thethicknesswillbethesameas
theraildepth. Thewidthshouldbetwicetherailthickness. Click OK toclosethe
dialoguetransfertheresultstothebridgingcalculation.
10. Entertheairgapcorrection, dU'',for both insulationlayers(section 8.2): usethe
value0.01. Click OK.
11. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>ConstructionType. The UvalueConstruction dialogueopens.
CHAPTER9. COMPLEX CALCULATIONS
43
Figure 9.3: TheSmallAirspaceResistanceCalculator
12. Tickthe Builtupmetalroof/wall box. Thedialoguenowdisplaysthe Built-upmetal
roof/wallcladding section.
13. Enterthe Railspacing and Railwidth (Figure 9.2). Usethedrop-downtoindicate
whichlayerisbridgedbytheraillinerdetails.
14. Ifthelinerprofilecompressestheinsulationandthedepthoftheprofileis25mm
orlesstickthebox Insulationiscompressedbyinneroroutersheet. Fournew
databoxesappear.
15. Enterthe Sheetprofilewidth, Sheetprofiledepth and Sheetprofilecentres inmm.
Inthedropboxselectthelayerofinsulationwhichis not bridgedbytherails.
If the liner profile is deeper than 25 mm ignore the check box and change the
thicknessoftheinsulationlayerbysubtractingtheprofiledepthfromtheoriginal
thickness(e.g.fora30mmprofilewith130mmactualdepthofinsulationusea
valueof130–30=100mm).
16. Enterthedetailsforthebracketsinthe Correctionformechanicalfasteners section.
Enterthe thermalconductivityofthebrackets (usually 60.00 W/mK formildsteel),
the numberofbracketspersquaremetre (calculatedbydividingthetotalnumber
ofbracketsbythetotalelementarea)andthe crosssectionalareaofthebrackets
(measuredatthethickestpoint). Thevalueof alpha, 1.6, isthedefaultsettingfor
theseconstructions. Finally, usethedrop-downtoselectthelayerwhichisbridged
bythebrackets. Click OK.
9.3
Invertedroofs
Ininvertedroofs(oftenknownasprotectedmembraneroofs)someorallofthethermal
insulation is applied above the waterproof membrane and restrained by aggregate or
otherballast. Rainwaterfallingontheroofcanpercolatetothewaterproofingmembrane
andincreasetherateofheatloss. Toallowforthiseffectarainwatercoolingcorrection
factor, dUr, hastobeappliedtoinvertedroofcalculations(therainwatercoolingfactoris
describedin section 8.3). Becauseyouhavetoindicatethelayerorlayersaffectedbythe
CHAPTER9. COMPLEX CALCULATIONS
44
Figure 9.4: Inputtingdataforrainwatercorrection
rainwatercoolingitisbesttoaddthecorrectionfactor after youhavedefinedthelayers
intheconstruction.
Toenteraninvertedroof:
1. Fromthefilemenuselect Edit>Constructiontype. The U-valueConstruction dialogueopens.
2. In Elementtype select Flatroof. Insertan Elementdescription thenclick OK.
3. Addthelayersoftheconstruction(chapter 6).
4. Openthe U-valueconstruction dialogueagainandin ElementType tickthe Inverted box. Thedialogueshowsthreedataboxes(Figure 9.4).
5. Enterthevaluesfor f.x and p andintheboxselectthelayersofinsulationabove
thewaterproofmembrane. Click OK.
9.4
Usingvariablelayers
ThevariablelayerfeatureofJPA Designerhelpsyouassesstheeffectofusingdifferent
materialsinthesameplacewithinanelement; forexample, byusingavariablelayeryou
couldcomparetheeffectofdifferentinsulantsontheU-valueofacavitywall.
A calculationwithavariablelayerhasaplace-holderlayerinthemainwindow, and
hastheadditional Variablelayer panewhichacceptsanumberofdifferentlayers. Each
ofthoselayersshowstheresultsoftheU-valuecalculation asif thatlayerreplacedthe
place-holderlayerinthemaincalculation.
Touseavariablelayer:
1. Inthemain U-value windowclickthelayer below thepositionforthevariablelayer.
2. Fromthemenubarselect Insert>Variablelayer. Theprograminsertsavariable
layerinthecalculationanddisplaysthe Variablelayer pane(see Figure 9.5).
3. Selecttheblanklayerinthevariablelayerpaneandaddlayersfromthedatabase,
orbyaddandeditblanklayers.
Whenusingthedatabase, youmustbeensurethecontentsofvariablelayerpane
areshowinginthe Construction boxofthe ProductsDatabase dialogue.
TheU-valuesfortheconstructionswiththevariablelayerareshownalongsidethevariablelayermaterials: noU-valueappearsinthestatusbar. Youcanonlyhaveonevariable
layerinacalculation.
CHAPTER9. COMPLEX CALCULATIONS
45
Figure 9.5: U-valuecalculationwithavariablelayer
9.5
Taperedlayers
Taperedinsulationlayersarecommonlyfoundonflatroofs, where`cut-to-falls'insulation
isbeingusedtocreatedrainagefallsonanotherwiseflatdeck. Asthethicknessofthe
insulationvariesacrosstheroofaspecialmethodisrequiredtocalculatearepresentative
thermalresistanceforthatlayer.
JPA Designer uses the method inAnnex C ofBS EN ISO 6946:2007todeterminethe
resistanceoftaperedinsulationlayers. Thatmethodtreatsthetaperedinsulationlayerin
twoparts: firsttheminimumthicknessofthelayerwhichislaidacrossthewholeroof,
thentherestoftheinsulationwhichistreatedasaseriesofblocks, withdifferentshapes.
Therearethreetypesofblock:
• blockswithrectangularplan, whichhavetheirgreatestthickness, t, ononeside,
andslopedownfromthatsidetotheother;
• blockswithtriangularplanwhichhavetheirthickestpart, t, attheonecornerand
slopedowntozeroattheothercorners;
• blockswithtriangularplanwhichhavetheirthickestpart, t, alongoneside, and
slopefromtheredowntotheothercorner.
Dependingonitssizearoofmayhaveseveralblocksofeachtype, eachwithdifferent
areasand, insomecases, differentmaximumthicknesses.
CHAPTER9. COMPLEX CALCULATIONS
46
Tapered insulation is entered in JPA Designer using the Tapered Areas dialogue (Figure 9.7). Thedialoguerequiresthreeitemsofgeneralinformation:
• a description ofthelayer: youcanusethenameortypeofinsulation.
• the minimumtaperedlayerthickness: thatis, theminimumdepthoftheinsulation
layerwhichiscontinuousacrossallpartsoftheroof, measuredinmm.
• theconductivityoftheinsulation, lambda: thisisenteredin W/mK.
Thedataonthedifferentroofblocksisenteredinthethreetables, witheachblockhaving
itsownentry, intheappropriatesection, withthefollowingdata:
• surfacearea, m2 ;
• taperthickness, t, inmm.
Figure 9.6 showsaroofwithtaperedinsulationlaidwithfallstowardstheperimeter. To
calculatetheU-valuethetaperedlayershouldbedividedintoeightblocks, withtwo(a
ande)beingrectanglesslopingfromthecentrelinetotheperimeterandtheremainder
being triangles, in each case sloping from the highest corner at the centre line to the
lowestsideattheperimeter(b, c, d, f, gandh). Figure 9.7 showsthoseeightblocks
enteredonthe Taperedareas dialogue.
ToenterataperedlayerinanexistingU-valuecalculation:
1. Dividetheroofintoblocksandcalculatetheminimumthickness, blockareasand
taperthicknesses.
2. Fromthemenubar, select Insert>Taperedlayer.
3. Enterthedatafortheminimumthicknessandtheconductivityoftheinsulation.
4. Enterthedataforeachblockinturn, makingsureeachblockgoesintotheappropriatetable.
Youcanusethe Totalarea figureatthebottomrightofthedialoguetocheckyou
haveenteredallthesectionsoftheroof.
CHAPTER9. COMPLEX CALCULATIONS
Figure 9.6: A typicalroofwithtaperedinsulation
47
CHAPTER9. COMPLEX CALCULATIONS
Figure 9.7: TheTaperedareasdialogue
48
10 GroundfloorU-values
Asthecombinedmethoddealswithheatlossfromairtoair, throughanelement, ithasto
bemodifiedforgroundfloorstoincludethethermalresistanceofthegrounditself. JPA
DesignercalculatesU-valuesforgroundfloorsusingthemethodissetoutinISO 133701 .
ThissectiondescribesthegeneralprocedureforcalculatingthegroundfloorU-value,
whilstthefollowingsectionsdescribetheindividualpartsofthecalculation.
TocalculateagroundfloorU-value:
1. CreateanewU-valuecalculationinthe ProjectManager windowandopenitfor
editing(section 3.5).
2. Enteranyprojectinformationinthe ProjectInformation dialogue.
3. IntheU-valueConstructiondialogueselect Solidgroundfloor or Suspendedground
floor, enteradescriptionfortheconstruction, thenclick OK.The GroundFloor
Details dialogueopens.
4. Enterthedatafortheground(section 10.1). Click OK.
5. Addtheremaininglayersofthefloorconstruction.
Includelayerstorepresent:
• Screed;
• Insulation;
• Flooring, suchasparticleboard.
Omitanylayerswhichconsistof:
• Hardcorebeneathagroundbearingslab.
• Groundbearingconcreteslabswithdensitygreaterthan 1800 kg/m3 .
• Thinfloorcoveringssuchasvinylorcarpet.
ForfurtherguidancerefertotheBR 443 ConventionsforU-valuecalculations.
49
CHAPTER10. GROUND FLOOR U-VALUES
50
Figure 10.1: TheGroundFloorDetailsDialogue
10.1
Groundfloordetails
The GroundFloorDetails dialoguecontainsthedatawhichdescribesthegroundand
thefloorstructure(Figure 10.1).
Ithasfivesections:
• Floortype. Thechoiceoffloortypewilldeterminehowotherpartsofthedialogue
appear.
• Floordimensions.
• Deck.
• Suspendedgroundfloordetails.
• Edgeinsulation.
10.1.1
Floortype
Therearethreetypesofgroundfloor:
1
DonotusethismethodtocalculateU-valuesoffloorsoveropenorunheatedspacessuchascarparks
orgarages; insteadselectfloorsotherthangroundfloorsintheConstructiondialogueboxandproceedas
usual.
CHAPTER10. GROUND FLOOR U-VALUES
51
• Solid: afloorwhichbearsdirectlyonthegroundwithnovoidbetweenthefloor
structureandtheground, forexample, aground-bearingconcreteslab;
• Suspendedblockandbeam: withavoidbetweenthefloordeckandtheground,
withthedeckformedfrompre-castconcretebeamsinfilledwithconcreteblocks
orproprietaryinsulatingunits;
• Suspended: afloorwithavoidbetweenthefloorstructureandtheground, witha
timberdecksupportedontimberjoists.
Usethe FloorType radiobuttonstoselectthetypeoffloorconstruction.
10.1.2
Floordimensions
Thethermalresistanceofthegroundisdeterminedfromtheratioofthefloor'sperimeter
andarea. Theperimeterlength(expressedinmetres)ismeasuredalongthefinishedinternalsurfacesofexposedandsemiexposedwalls. Thearea(expressedinsquaremetres,
m2 )ismeasuredbetweenthefinishedinternalwallsurfaces. Unheatedspacesoutside
theinsulatedfabricshouldbeexcludedwhencalculatingtheperimeterandarea.
IfyouarecalculatingthegroundfloorU-valueforflatsinablockorforahouseina
terraceyoucanusetheperimeterandareaforthewholeblockorterraceinsteadofthe
dimensionsoftheindividualoccupancies.
ToentertheFloordimensions:
• IfyouhavecalculatedthePerimeter/Arearatioyoucanenteritdirectlyinthe P/A
box.
• Alternatively, tickthe Calculateit boxandenterthevaluesinthe Perimeter and
Area boxesforyoutofillin.
10.1.3
Deck
Thedatarequiredforthissectiondependsuponthetypeofconstructionspecifiedinthe
FloorType sectionofthe GroundFloorDetails dialogue.
• Solidfloor: nodeckdatarequired.
• Suspendedblockandbeamfloor: theprogramoffersadefaultthermalresistancefor
thedeckof 0.2 m2 K/W. Alternatively, theprogramcanalsocalculatetheresistance
usingthespecificdetailsforyourfloorifyoutickthe Calculate box(Figure 10.2)
theninputdatafor:
• Theblocks: Width, Thickness and Conductivity.
• Thebeams: Webwidth and Beamconductivity.
• Thescreed: Screeddepth and Screedconductivity.
• Suspendedfloor: theprogramoffersadefaultthermalresistanceforthedeckof
0.2 m2 K/W forthedeck. Thisrepresentsa18mmsoftwooddeck. Insulationbetweenjoistsshouldbeenteredasaseparatelayer, bridgedbytimberinonedimension, (section 7.3).
CHAPTER10. GROUND FLOOR U-VALUES
52
Figure 10.2: Calculatingtheresistanceofabeamandblockdeck
10.1.4
Suspendedgroundfloordetails
Inasuspendedgroundfloor, whetherbeamandblockortimber, therewillbesomeheat
lossthroughthewallsofthesub-floorvoid, bothbyconductionandalsobyairmovement.
JPA Designercalculatesthatheatlossusingthedatain SuspendedGroundFloorDetails
sectionofthe GroundFloorDetails dialogue. Thevaluesrequiredare:
• E -theareaofventilationopeningsperperimeterlengthofunderfloorspace, in
m2 /m;
• H -theheightoftheuppersurfaceoftheflooraboveexternalgroundlevel, inm;
• Uw -theUvalueofthewallsoftheunderfloorspaceabovegroundlevel, calculated
accordingtoBS EN ISO 6946, in W/m2 K (youcandothisasaseparatecalculation
usingJPA Designer);
• Fw -thewindshieldfactor, see Table 10.1.
• V -theaveragewindspeedat 10 m abovegroundlevel, in m/s
• Lambda -theconductivityfactorforthetypeofground: use1.5forclayorsilt, 2.0
forsandorgraveland3.5forhomogeneousrock.
Wheresomeorallofthesedetailsareunknownyoushouldusethedefaultvalues. Ifyou
editthevaluesthenwantreverttousingthedefaultsclickthe Default button.
CHAPTER10. GROUND FLOOR U-VALUES
53
Table 10.1: Windshieldfactor
10.1.5
Location
Example
Sheltered
Average
Exposed
Citycentre
Suburban
Rural
Fw
0.02
0.05
0.10
Edgeinsulation
Installinginsulationhorizontallyaroundtheperimeterofthefloor–edgeinsulation–
will reduce thermal bridging at the perimeter and improve the floor's overall thermal
performance. Edgeinsulationcanbe:
• Horizontal: insulationinstalledaroundtheperimeterofthefloorinthesameplane
asthefloor2 .
• Vertical: insulationinstalledattheperimeterofthefloor, atrightanglestotheplane
ofthefloor.
Usetheradiobuttonstoselectthetypeofedgeinsulationpresent, thenenterthedetails
oftheinsulation(ifthereisnoedgeinsulationleavetherestofthissectionblank).
• Internal and externalsurfaceresistances usethedefaultvaluesof 0.140 m2 K/W
and 0.040 m2 K/W.
• Insulationthickness: boardthickness, inmm.
• Insulationconductivity: thelambdavalue, in W/mK.
• Insulationname.
• Insulationwidth or depth (dependinguponwhethertheinsulationislaidhorizontallyorvertically): theboardwidth, inmm.
• Description: optionaldescriptionoftheinsulation.
Youcanalsousethe ProductsDatabase toenterdetailsoftheinsulationbyclickingon
thebuttonbythe Insulationname box.
FurtherinformationonedgeinsulationmaybefoundinBRE InformationPaper7/93.
2
Horizontaledgeinsulationwascommonlyusedtoreducethermalbridgingandcoldspotsonlarger
floorswhichdidnotrequireacompletelayerofthermalinsulation. However, thelowerU-valuesnow
requiredbyBuildingRegulationsusuallyrequireafulllayerofinsulation, makingtheuseofhorizontal
edgeinsulationunlikely.
11 BasementU-values
The methods for calculating U-values of basements are set out in BS EN ISO 13370.
Thecalculationsforbasementfloorsandwallsarelinked, witheachcalculationrequiringdataabouttheotherelement. Becauseofthisitiseasiertocalculatethebasement
floorU-valuefirst, followedbythebasementwallU-value. Forafullexplanationofthe
calculationmethodsconsultBS EN ISO 13370.
11.1
Basementfloors
TocompleteabasementfloorU-valuecalculationyouwillneedtoknow:
• Thefloor'sPerimeter/Arearatio: P/A;
• Thethicknessofthebasementwalls: w (metres);
• Theaveragedepthfromtheexternalgroundsurfacetothebasementfloor: h (metres);
• Thethermalconductivityoftheground: lambda, λ, (W/mK)(see Table 11.1 and
annexG ofBS EN ISO 13370).
TocalculateabasementfloorU-value:
1. CreateanewU-valuecalculationinthe ProjectManager windowandopenitfor
editing.
Figure 11.1: Enteringdataforbasementfloors
54
CHAPTER11. BASEMENT U-VALUES
55
2. Inthe U-valueConstructiondialogue setthe ElementType to BasementFloor, enter
an Elementdescription thenclick OK.The GroundFloorDetails dialogueopens
(Figure 11.1).
3. EnterthePerimeter/Arearatio, P/A,orchecktheboxlabelled`calculateit'andenter
the Perimeter and Area separately.
4. Enterthewallthickness, w, thebasementdepth, h, andthethermalconductivityof
theground, lambda. Click OK.
5. Enterthelayerswhichmakeupthefloorconstruction.
Includelayerstorepresent:
• Screed;
• Insulation;
• Flooring, suchasparticleboard.
Omitanylayerswhichconsistof:
• Hardcorebeneathagroundbearingslab.
• Groundbearingconcreteslabswithdensitygreaterthan 1800 kg/m3 .
• Thinfloorcoveringssuchasvinylorcarpet.
Table 11.1: Thermalconductivityoftheground
11.2
Category
Description
1
2
3
clayorsilt
sandorgravel
homogeneousrock
Thermalconductivity, (W/mK)
1.5
2.0
3.5
Basementwalls
TocompleteabasementwallU-valuecalculationyouwillneedtoknow:
• Thefloor'sPerimeter/Arearatio: P/A;
• Thethicknessofthebasementwalls: w (metres);
• Theaveragedepthfromtheexternalgroundsurfacetothebasementfloor: h (metres);
• Detailsoftheinsulationinthebasementfloor.
CHAPTER11. BASEMENT U-VALUES
56
Figure 11.2: Enteringdataforbasementwalls
• Thethermalconductivityoftheground: λ, (W/mK)(Table 11.1 andannexG ofBS
EN ISO 13370).
TocalculateabasementwallU-value:
1. CreateanewU-valuecalculationinthe ProjectManager windowandopenitfor
editing.
2. Inthe U-valueConstructiondialogue setthe ElementType to BasementWall, enter
an Elementdescription thenclick OK.The GroundFloorDetails dialogueopens
(Figure 11.2).
3. EnterthePerimeter/Arearatio, P/A,orchecktheboxlabelled`calculateit'andenter
the Perimeter and Area separately.
4. Enterthewallthickness, w, thebasementdepth, h, andthethermalconductivityof
theground, lambda.
5. Enterthedetailsofinsulationinthebasementfloor. Eitherenterthe name, thickness
and conductivity oftheinsulation, orusethedatabasebuttontoselecttheinsulation
fromthe ProductsDatabase. Click OK.
6. Nowaddthelayersoftheconstructioninthemain U-value window.
12 Outputtingresults
YoucanprinttheresultsofU-valuecalculationsontopaperorproduceaPDF filewhich
canbeopenedonanycomputerwiththefreeAdobeReadersoftwareinstalled; PDF files
areidealforemailingtopeoplewhoneedtoseetheresultsofthecalculationbutdonot
haveJPA Designer. ForbothprintandPDF theoutputincludes:
• Projectinformation;
• Detailsoftheconstruction;
• TheU-valueandanycorrectionfactors.
Toprintresults:
1. Select File>Print fromthemenubar(orclickthe Print buttononthetoolbar). The
SectionsToPrint dialogueopens(Figure 12.1).
Figure 12.1: SectionsToPrintdialogue
57
CHAPTER12. OUTPUTTING RESULTS
58
Figure 12.2: Printpreviewcontrols
2. Usethetickboxestoselectwhethertoprintanadditionalpageshowingthedetails
ofthebridgingcalculations. YoucanalsochoosewhethertoincludetheISO moisturetableforcondensationanalysis, andwhetherthecalculationshouldshowthe
logooftheBBA/TIMSA U-valueaccreditationscheme.
3. Click OK.The Printpreview windowopens.
4. Usethebuttonsonthetoolbartoviewsuccessivepagesoftheprintout, thenclick
the Print buttontoprintthepages(Figure 12.2).
TocreateaPDF fileoftheresults:
1. Fromthemenubarselect File>CreatePDF.A dialogueasksifyouwanttoopen
thePDF whenitiscreated.
2. Select Yes or No. The SectionsToPrint dialogueopens(Figure 12.1).
3. Usethetickboxestoselectwhethertoprintanadditionalpageshowingthedetailsofthebridgingcalculations(youcanalsochoosewhethertoincludetheISO
moisturetableforcondensationanalysis).
4. Click OK.The Printpreview windowopens.
5. Usethebuttonsonthetoolbartoviewsuccessivepagesoftheprintout, thenclick
the Print buttontoprintthepages(Figure 12.2). Theprogramwillthencreatea
PDF fileofthecalculation.
*ThenameofthePDF filewillincludetheJPA Designerfilenameandthecalculationname, sothecalculation tilehungwall inaproject TheMeadows willbecalled
TheMeadows.JDPtilehungwall.PDF.ThefilewillbesavedintotheJPA Designer
programfolderorinthestart-upfolderyouhavespecified.
Note: asWindowsdoesnotallowcertaincharacterstobeusedinfilenamesyou
shouldensurethecalculationnamesinJPA Designerdonotcontainthosecharacters, otherwisePDF creationwillfail. Therestrictedcharactersare: ' / \ : *? < >
|.
Youcanchangetheprintersettingsbyselecting File>Printersetup fromthemenubar.
13 U-valuecalculationoptions
The European standards for factory produced thermal insulation products1 set out the
requirementsfordeterminingandquotingthethermalperformanceofthermalinsulation.
Foreachproduct:
thevalueofthermalresistance, R90/90, shallbe . . . roundeddownwardsto
thenearest 0.05 m2 K/W, anddeclaredasRD inlevelswithstepsof 0.05 m2 K/W.
TocomplywiththatrequirementJPA Designerroundsdownthethermalresistanceofall
layerswhicharemarkedatthermalinsulation. Tomarkalayerasthermalinsulationtick
the isthermalinsulation boxinthe Editmaterial dialogue.
Becausetheremaybeoccasionswhenyouneedtocarryoutcalculationswithoutroundingthefeaturemaybeturnedoffandon. Bydefault, roundingison: thisisindicatedby
redtextinthebottommarginoftheU-valuewindow.
Tochangetheroundingsetting: 1. Fromthemenubarselect Options. TheCalculations
Optionsdialogueopens(Figure 13.1).
1. Tickthe Rounddownthermalresistance boxtotoggleroundingonoroff.
2. Click OK toacceptthechange.
1
The series runs from BS EN 13162:2001 Thermal insulation products for buildings. Factory made
mineralwool(MW) products. Specification toBS EN 13172:2001 Thermalinsulatingproducts. Evaluation
ofconformity. Thereisonestandardforeachmajorthermalinsulationmaterial.
59
CHAPTER13. U-VALUE CALCULATION OPTIONS
Figure 13.1: U-valuecalculationoptions
60
14 EditingtheProductsdatabase
TomakeU-valuecalculationseasierallJPA DesignerU-valuemodulesincludethe Productsdatabase, whichprovidesthekeydataongenericconstructionmaterials, cavities
andbrandedproductsfromanumberofmanufacturers. Thissectionexplainshowyou
canaddfrequentlyusedproductstothedatabase.
Thematerialswithinthedatabaseareorganisedintothreecategories:
• Brandedproductsfrommanufacturers, shownin bold inthecategorieslist;
• Genericmaterials, showninnormaltypeinthecategorieslist;
• Userdefinedmaterials, shownin italics inthecategorieslist.
YoucanuseallthreetypesofmaterialinUvaluecalculationsandyoucancreate, edit
anddeleteuserdefinedcategoriesandmaterials. However, youcannoteditordelete
brandedorgenericcategoriesormaterials. Tochangethevaluesofbrandedorgeneric
materialsyoumustworkonaduplicate(clone)ofthecategoryormaterial. Cloninga
categorycreatesanewcategorycontainingthesamematerialsastheoriginal.
Tomakechangestothe Productsdatabase youmustfirstopenthe Editdatabase dialogue
(Figure 14.1)byselecting Edit>Database fromthemainmenu.
Toaddauserdefinedcategory:
1. Clickthe Newcategory button.
2. Enterthenameofthecategoryinthe Newcategory dialogue.
3. Click OK.Thenewcategoryiscreated.
Torenameanexistinguserdefinedcategory:
1. Selectacategorybyclickingonit.
2. Clickthe Editcategory button. The Editcategory dialogueopens.
3. Enteranewnamethenclick OK.Thecategoryisrenamed.
Tocloneacategory:
61
CHAPTER14. EDITING THE PRODUCTS DATABASE
62
Figure 14.1: TheEditDatabasedialogue
1. Selectthecategorytoclonebyclickingonit.
2. Clickthe Clonecategory button. The Clonecategory dialogueopens.
3. Enteranameforthenewcategoryandclick OK.
4. A newcategorywillbecreated, containingcopiesoftheoriginalmaterials.
Todeleteauserdefinedcategory:
1. Selectthecategorytodelete.
2. Clickthe Deletecategory button. An Information dialogueasksyoutoconfirmthe
deletion.
3. Click Yes todeletethecategory, No tokeepit.
Toinsertanewmaterialinauser-definedcategory:
1. Selectthecategoryinwhichyouwanttocreatethenewmaterial.
2. Clickthe Newproduct button. The Editmaterial dialogueopens.
3. Completethe Editmaterial dialogue(chapter 7).
4. Click OK.Thenewproductisaddedtothecategory.
CHAPTER14. EDITING THE PRODUCTS DATABASE
63
Figure 14.2: TheSearchDatabasedialogue
Toeditanexistinguserdefinedmaterial:
1. Selecttheproductyouwishtoedit.
2. Clickthe Editproduct button. The Editmaterial dialogueopens.
3. Makethechangesinthe Editmaterial dialogue(chapter 7).
4. Click OK.Theproductinformationisupdated.
Tocloneanexistingproductinauserdefinedcategory:
1. Selecttheproductandclickthe Cloneproduct button. A copyoftheproductwill
beinsertedinthecategory.
2. Clickontheclonetoeditit.
Todeleteaproductfromauser-definedcategory:
1. Selecttheproductyouwishtodelete.
2. Clickthe Deleteproduct button. Theproductisdeleted.
Youcansearchthedatabasetofindspecificproducts:
1. Clickthe Search button. The SearchDatabase dialogueopens(Figure 14.2).
2. Inthe SearchDatabase dialogueenterthetextyouwanttosearchforandthedirectiontheprogramshouldsearchthroughthedatabase(forwards or backwards).
3. Tickthe Ignorecase boxifyouwantthesearchtoignorecapitalsandlower-case
letters.
4. Click Find first to start the search. The program will display the first matching
productinthe Products pane.
5. Click Findnext togoontothenextmatchingproduct.
6. Whenyouhavefoundtheproductyouwantclick Close toclosetheSearchdialogue.
Whenyouhavefinishedworkingonthedatabase, clickthe Close buttontoreturntothe
mainU-valuewindow.
CHAPTER14. EDITING THE PRODUCTS DATABASE
14.1
64
Shortcodes
Youcanassigncodestouserdefinedmaterialsasyouentertheminthedatabase. The
short codes can then be used for rapid data entry using the Products database (section 6.1). Youcanalsouseshortcodestodeterminetheorderinwhichproductsand
materialsarepresentedwithincategories, tospeedupdataentryforcommonconstructions.
Tosortthedatabasebyshortcodesyoumustfirstassignshortcodestothematerials; use
anumberingsystemwhichmatchestheorderinwhichyouwantthematerialstoappear.
Onceyouhaveassignedshortcodesyoushouldclickonthe Sortonshortcode tickbox
inthe Productsdatabase dialogue(Figure 6.1).
PartIII
Condensationrisk
65
15 Assessingtheriskofinterstitial
condensation
TheUvalueProfessionalmodulecalculatestheriskofinterstitialcondensationforming
attheinterfacesoflayerswithinanelement.Themodule, whichfollowstherecommendationsofBS 52501 usesthemethodofanalysissetoutinBS EN ISO 137882 .
Foreachinterfacewithinabuildingelementthemoduledetermines:
• theamountofcondensationorevaporationduringeachmonth;
• themaximumamountofmoisturedeposited;
• theaccumulatedmassofwatercomparedtototalevaporationduringtheyear;
• theannualmoisturebalance.
TheprogramcanstillperformanalysestotheBS 5250:1989method3 . Forinformation
onusingthismethodsee section 15.3.
The likelihood of condensation forming within a building element depends upon the
hygrothermalpropertiesofthematerials(thermalconductivityorresistanceandvapour
resistivitiesorresistance)andtheenvironmentalconditions(internalandexternaltemperaturesandrelativehumidities).
MostoftheinformationusedbyJPA Designerforcalculatingcondensationriskisalso
used in the main body of the program for calculating U-values. The only additional
informationrequiredisthevapourresistivityandresistancedataforthematerialsinthe
construction, andtheenvironmentaldataforthebuildingandsite.
Tocarryoutcondensationriskanalysis:
1. BuildupanelementinthesamewayasyouwouldforaU-valuecalculation.
2. Ensurevapourresistancepropertieshavebeendefinedforeachlayer(chapter 7).
3. Settheenvironmentalconditions(section 15.1);
4. Viewtheresults(section 15.2).
Pleasenotethemodulecannotcarryoutcondensationriskanalysisforgroundfloors,
basementsnorconstructionscontainingvariablelayers; neitherwillitcalculatetherisk
ofsurfacecondensation.
1
BS 5250:2002Codeofpracticeforcontrolofcondensationinbuildings.
BS EN ISO 13788:2002Hygrothermalperformanceofbuildingcomponentsandbuildingelements–
Internalsurfacetemperaturetoavoidcriticalsurfacehumidityandinterstitialcondensation–Calculation
methods.
3
TheBS 5250:1989AppendixD methodisbasedonthesameunderlyingprinciplesasthemethod
setoutinISO 13788, but(i)analysescondensationriskfora60periodratherthanthewholeyearand(ii)
reportsresultsinadifferentway.
2
66
CHAPTER15. ASSESSING THE RISK OF INTERSTITIAL CONDENSATION
15.1
67
Environmentalconditions
Thecondensationriskcalculationrequiresmeanmonthlydatafor:
• Internaltemperature(IntT);thedesigntemperatureinsidethebuilding, indegrees
Celsius. Thedefaultforanalysisistousethesameinternaltemperaturethroughout
theyear. Ifnoprojecttemperaturehasbeenspecifieduse20ºC asadefaultvalue
foraUK building.
• Internalrelativehumidity(IntRH);thisislargelydeterminedbythetypeofactivity
whichwilltakeplacewithinthebuilding. ISO 13788definesfiveoccupancytypes
with different humidity characteristics: BS 5250:2002 suggests relative humidity
rangesforthosetypes, see Table 15.1. Theinternalrelativehumidityisaffectedby
theexternalconditions.
• ExternalTemperature(ExtT) and ExternalRelativeHumidity(ExtRH);theexternalconditionsdependuponthebuilding'slocation. JPA Designerincludesexternal
temperatureandhumiditydatafrom20sitesaroundtheUK,allowingyoutoselect the nearest location to the project site 4 . For a `worst case' scenario select
Eskdalemuir.
Thedataisenteredusingthe Environmentalconditions dialogue, whichallowsyouto
enterdataforanalysisusingISO 13788orBS 5250:1989. Thedefaultcalculationmethod
isISO 13788(tousethepreviousBS 5250:1989calculationmethodsee section 15.3).
Tosettheenvironmentalconditions:
1. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Environmentalconditions. The Environmentalconditions dialogueopens.
2. Selectthehumidityclassusingthe Internalhumidityclass dropdown. The IntRH
columniscompleted.
3. Entertheinternaldesigntemperatureinthe Internaltemperature box. The IntT
columndisplaysthevalues. Ifyouwishtovarytheinternaltemperaturethroughout
theyearyoucantypevaluesdirectlyintothe IntT columnforeachmonth.
4. Fromthe Buildinglocation dropdownselectthelocationofthebuilding. The ExtT
and ExtRH columnsarecompletedandthevaluesinthe IntRH columnadjusted.
Ifyouhavesitespecificdatayoucantypevaluesdirectlyintothetable.
5. Click OK toacceptthedataandclosethedialogue.
15.2
Viewingresults
JPA Designerpresentstheresultsofcondensationriskanalysisinthreeformats:
• Asmonthbymonthdata, intheISO CondensationTable(subsection 15.2.1).
• Asagraph, intheDewpointgraph(subsection 15.2.2).
• Insummaryform, intheResultstable(subsection 15.2.3).
4
ThedataistakenfromMeteorologicaldata1961–1990publishedbytheWorldMeteorologicalOffice.
CHAPTER15. ASSESSING THE RISK OF INTERSTITIAL CONDENSATION
68
Table 15.1: Humidityclasses
Class
Buildingtype
Relativehumidity(%)
15ºC
20ºC
25ºC
1
2
3
4
5
Storageareas
Offices, shops
Dwellingswithlowoccupancy
Dwellingswithhighoccupancy, sportshalls,
Specialbuildings, e.g.laundry, swimmingpool
<50
50-65
65-80
80-95
>95
<35
35-50
50-60
60-70
>70
<25
25-35
35-45
45-55
>55
Figure 15.1: ISO 13788Condensationtable
15.2.1
ISO CondensationTable
The ISO CondensationTable showstheamountofcondensatepredictedateachinterface
intheconstruction, andisthemostaccuratemeansofviewingtheresultsofananalysis
toISO 13788.
To view the ISO Condensation Table select View>ISO Condensation Table from the
menubar.
Theupperpartofthetable(Figure 15.1)showstheinterfaceswithintheconstruction.
When you select an interface by clicking on it, the lower half of the table shows the
amountofcondensationpredictedatthatinterface. Itshowstheamountofcondensate
depositedorevaporatedeachmonth, gc, andtheaccumulatedcondensateattheend
of each month, Ma, both measured in g/m2 (negative numbers indicate evaporation).
Theresultsstartwiththefirstmonthinwhichcondensationispredicted, orJanuaryifno
condensationispredictedinanymonth. GuidanceoninterpretingresultsisgiveninBS
5250:2002andBS EN ISO 13788.
CHAPTER15. ASSESSING THE RISK OF INTERSTITIAL CONDENSATION
69
Figure 15.2: Dewpoint graph for a roof with condensation predicted at the interface
betweenlayers4and5
15.2.2
TheDewpointgraph
The Dewpointgraph plotsthepredictedtemperaturethroughtheconstructionwithdewpointtemperaturefortheworstmonth5 . Condensationispredictedatanyinterfacewhere
thetwolinestouch(see Figure 15.2). Theorientationofthe Dewpointgraph isdeterminedbythebuildingelement: wallsareshownwithlayersrunningverticallyandroofs
withlayersrunninghorizontally.
Toopenthe Dewpointgraph select View>Dewpointgraph fromthemenubarorclick
theDewpointgraphbuttononthetoolbar. Toviewtheresultsforthemonthwiththe
greatestevaporationclickonthe Summer radiobuttoninthe Resultstoshow section.
15.2.3
TheResultstable
The ResultsTable showstheheadlineresultsforeachinterfaceintheconstruction. To
viewthe Resultstable select View>ResultsTable fromthemenubar. Whenthetableis
5
The dewpointtemperature isthetemperatureatwhichsaturationvapourpressurewouldoccur. Any
lowertemperaturewouldresultincondensation.
CHAPTER15. ASSESSING THE RISK OF INTERSTITIAL CONDENSATION
70
openclickthe Alwaysontop boxtokeepitvisibleonscreenwhileyoucontinuetowork
onthecalculation. Whenyouhavefinished, click Close toclosetheResultsTable.
ForcalculationstoISO 13788thesignificantcolumnsare:
• ISO -Winterworstbuildup: themonthinwhichthehighestamountofcondensate
ispredictedtobedeposited;
• ISO -Winterpeakbuildup: themonthwhichseesthehighestcumulativeamount
ofcondensation.
Foreachcolumntheamountofcondensateisshowningramspersquaremetre. The
result n/a meansnocondensationispredictedatthatinterface. Youcanseemoredetailed
resultsinthe ISO Condensationtable.
ForcalculationstoBS 5250:1989AppendixD thesignificantcolumnsare:
• Winterbuildup: theamountofcondensatepredictedover60winterdays;
• Annualbuildup: theamountofcondensatecarriedforwardafterallowingforsummerevaporation,
Foreachcolumntheamountofcondensateisshowningramspersquaremetre(g/m2 ).
Zeroshowninbothcolumnsmeansnocondensationispredicted, whileanegativenumber in the annual buildup column indicates summer evaporation will be greater than
winterdeposition.
15.3
Usingthepreviouscalculationmethod
TousetheBS 5250: 1998calculationmethoduntickthe Use2003condensationmethod
box in the Environmental conditions dialogue. The dialogue box will now show the
environmentaldatafortheBS 5250:1989method.
Externalconditions Theprogramsetsstandardvaluesforexternalenvironmentalconditions, followingBS 6229andBS 5250, whichare:
• summertemperature: 18ºC.
• wintertemperature: 5ºC.
• summerrelativehumidity: 65%.
• winterrelativehumidity: 95%.
Ifyouneedtocalculatecondensationriskforotherexternalenvironmentsyoucanchange
thestandardvaluesbytypingnewvaluesintothetextboxes. Toreturntothedefault
valuesforexternalenvironmentalconditionsclickthe Default button.
Condensationbuildupperiod Build-upofcondensateisassessedoverastandard60day
winterperiod: thatvaluecanbechangedusingthe Condensationbuildupperiod box.
CHAPTER15. ASSESSING THE RISK OF INTERSTITIAL CONDENSATION
71
Internalconditions Theinternaltemperatureandrelativehumidityvalueswillbedeterminedlargelybythebuildinguse. Youcanenterdesigndataormeasuredvaluesinthe
fourboxes, orselectoneofthepre-definedbuildingusegroupslistedinthe BuildingUse
drop-downbox: thatwillautomaticallysetthetemperaturesandrelativehumiditiesto
thosedefinedinBS 5250andBS 6229, Table7.
Onceyouhavesettheenvironmentalconditionsyoucanviewthecalculationresults
usingthe Resultstable (subsection 15.2.3)andthe Dewpointgraph (subsection 15.2.2).
Calculationoptions TheBS 5250:1989methoddoesnotallowfortheremovalofmoisture
byairmovement, however, thestandardsuggestssomeindicationoftheeffectofvented
cavitiescanbeobtainedbyassumingtheairinthecavityisatoutsideconditions. This
candonebysettingtozerothevapourresistancesofthematerialstotheoutsideofa
cavity.
ForanexplanationofthelimitationsofthistechniquepleaserefertoBS 5250: 1989page
76.
TousethisoptioninJPA Designer:
1. Inthe Editmaterial dialoguesetthecavitytypeto ventedcavity.
2. Fromthemenubarselect Options. The Calculationoptions dialogueopens.
3. Tickthebox Setvapourresistanceoflayersaboveventedcavitytozero.
4. Click OK.Theprogramsetsthevapourresistancesofallthelayerstotheoutsideof
thecavitytozero.
15.4
Outputtingcalculationresults
TheresultsofcondensationriskanalysiscanbeprintedorproducedasPDF filesinthe
samewayastheresultsofU-valuecalculations(chapter 12). Themaindifferencesare:
1. BeforestartingtoprintorcreateaPDF,tickthe Condensationrisk boxonthestatus
baratthebottomofthemain U-value window.
2. Inthe SectionsToPrint dialoguereviewwhetheryouwanttoprintthesummer-time
condensationresultsandtheISO moisturetableandticktheappropriateboxes.
PartIV
SAP 2009
72
16 JPA DesignerSAP 2009module
16.1
OverviewoftheSAP 2009module
TheJPA DesignerSAP 2009moduleenablesyoutocarryoutcalculationstodemonstrate
a dwelling complies with the requirements of Part L1 2010 (England andWales) and
section6oftheScottishBuildingStandards2010(Scotland)(forNorthernIrelandyou
should currently use SAP 2005 - 9.91 as the regulations have not been revised). The
modulealsoletsyouissueenergyperformancecertificates(EPCs)fornewdwellings1 ,
whilsttheresultsofcalculationsmaybeusedaspartofassessmentsundertheCodefor
SustainableHomes.
TheSAP 2009moduleusestheSAP 9.90methodologytocalculatetheTargetCarbon
DioxideEmissionRate(TER) andtheDwellingCarbonDioxideEmissionRate(DER).The
modulealsochecksforcomplianceagainstanumberofothercriteriasetoutinApproved
DocumentL1A andintheDomesticBuildingServicesComplianceGuide.
Whilstthissectionofthemanualgivesinstructionsonhowtoenterdataintotheprogram
it does not offer authoritative guidance upon SAP 9.90 nor the Building Regulations.
We suggest you use this manual in conjunction with the government's guide to SAP
(availablefromtheBRE website-www.bre.co.uk/sap2009), ApprovedDocumentL1A
andtheDomesticBuildingServicesComplianceGuide(bothavailableasPDFsfromthe
PlanningPortal: www.planningportal.gov.uk).
CarryingoutaSAP 2009calculationusingJPA Designerisstraightforward. Themain
SAP window shows the on-going results of the calculation and the compliance status
ofthedwelling, whilethe SAP WorksheetValues dialogueallowsyoutoenterthedata
requiredforthecalculation. Onceyouhavefinishedenteringdatayoucanprintoffthe
resultsormakeadjustmentstothedata.
16.2
Determiningcompliance
Therearefivecriteriaagainstwhichanewdwellingistestedtodeterminewhetherornot
itcomplieswiththerequirementsofPartL2 :
1
In order to issue an EPC you will need to be a member of a government approved accreditation
scheme. Youcanfindmoreinformationonsuitableaccreditationschemesonourwebsite.
2
ThesoftwarealsocarriesoutsimilartestsforregulationsinScotland.
73
CHAPTER16. JPA DESIGNER SAP 2009MODULE
74
1. MeetingtheTER:TheDwellingCO2 EmissionRate(DER),measuredastheamount
ofCO2 persquaremetreoffloorareaemittedasaconsequenceofprovidingspace
heating, hotwaterandlightingforadwellingmustbelessthanatargetrate. That
TargetEmissionRate(TER) isbasedontheCO2 emissionsfromanotionaldwelling
ofthesamedimensionsastheproposeddwelling, butreducedbyanimprovement
factorof25%from2006standards(30%reductioninScotland).
TheSAP 2009modulecalculatestheTER usingthedatayouenterabouttheproposeddwellingandthedefaultconditionsspecifiedinAppendixR oftheSAP document.
2. Limitsondesignflexibility: Toensurelong-termperformance, andtopreventexcessivetrade-offsbetweenfabricandplant, ApprovedDocumentL1setsout:
• maximum permissible fabric U-values (both worst case values and average
values);
• maximumpermissibleairleakagerates;
• designlimitsforfixedbuildingservices.
TheSAP 2009modulechecksforcomplianceagainstallthosestandards.
3. Limitingtheeffectsofsolargaininsummer: Theregulationsrequiredesignersto
makeprovisiontoavoidexcessiveinternaltemperaturesasaresultofsolargain.
AppendixP oftheSAP 9.90documentcontainsamethodfortestinglevelsofsolar
gain. TheSAP 2009moduleimplementsthatmethodtotestforcompliance.
4. Quality of construction: The performance of the dwelling as built must be consistentwiththatpredictedbytheDER:onemeasureistheairpermeabilityrate,
establishedbypressuretesting. Foradwellingwhichispressuretestedthemeasuredairpermeabilitymustbelowerthan 10 m3 /hm2 andtheDER calculatedusing
thetestresultmustbelowerthantheTER.
TheSAP 2005moduleallowspressuretestingdatatobeenteredandwillcheckfor
compliance.
5. Operatingandmaintenanceinstructions: Regulation40requiresthebuildingowner
tobeprovidedwithinformationtoenableenergyefficientoperationofthebuilding. The outputs from the SAP 2009 module can be used to help to meet that
requirement.
16.3
PreparingtocarryoutaSAP 2009calculation
BeforestartingaSAP calculationyoushouldensureyouhavealltheinputdata, including:
• dwellingfloorarea;
• theventilationstrategy;
• thedesignorachievedairpermeability;
CHAPTER16. JPA DESIGNER SAP 2009MODULE
75
• U-values, κ-values(kappa-values)andareasofexternal, andparty, walls, roofsand
floors(youcancarryouttheU-valueand κ-valuecalculationsusingoneoftheJPA
DesignerU-valuemodules);
• κ-valuesandareasofinternalwallsandfloors;
• ψ -values(psi-values)forjunctionsandthelengthsofjunctions;
• U-values, areasandorientationofwindows, doorsandrooflights;
• theproposedwaterheatingsystem;
• theproposedprimaryandsecondaryheatingsystems;
• detailsofanyphotovoltaiccellsorotherlowcarbontechnology.
16.4
CarryingoutaSAP 2009calculation
ThemainstepstocarryoutaSAP 2009are:
1. CreateanewSAP 2005calculation(section 3.5).
2. OpenthecalculationintheSAP module(section 3.6).
3. Enterthe ProjectInformation (section 16.6).
4. Openthe SAP WorksheetValues dialogueandenterthedwellingdata(section 16.7).
5. Checkthecompliancestatusonthemain SAP window (section 16.5)andmakeany
necessarychanges.
6. Produceprint-outsorPDF filesofthecalculationresults(chapter 29).
7. Saveyourproject(section 3.3).
16.5
TheSAP window
The SAP window letsyouaccesstheSAP menusandtoolbaranddisplaystheresultsof
calculations(Figure 16.1). Themainfeaturesare:
1. Themenubar.
2. TheSAP 2009toolbar: thebuttonsgivedirectaccesstokeyprogramfunctionsand
tothetabsonthe SAP WorksheetValues dialogue.
3. Thestatuslightswhichindicatewhetheryouhaveenteredall(green), some(amber)
ornone(red)ofthedataforeachsection.
4. Thecalculationname, asenteredinthe ProjectManager window.
CHAPTER16. JPA DESIGNER SAP 2009MODULE
Figure 16.1: ThemainSAP window
76
CHAPTER16. JPA DESIGNER SAP 2009MODULE
77
Figure 16.2: Tooltipshowingtheprimarycauseoffailure
5. The TER and DER results, with the percentage reduction of the DER against the
TER andCodeforSustainableHomes(CSH) levelthatreductionrepresents. Later
versionsofthesoftwarealsodisplaythe FabricEnergyEfficiency (FEE).
TheCSH levelisonlyaguideforthecarbonemissionscomponentoftheCode: it
isnotafullevaluationagainsttheCode.
6. FabricU-valuesforopaqueelements(floors, walls, roofs)andforopenings. Ineach
linethefirstnumbershowstheworst(highest)U-valueandthesecondtheareaweightedaverage.
7. Overheatingriskassessment.
8. CarbondioxideemissionandSAP results, includingtheHeatLossParameter(HLP).
9. Compliancezone. Thisshowsgreenforapassandredforafail. Ifthedwelling
doesnotcomplyyoucanholdyourmousecursoroverthiszonetoshowatool-tip
identifyingtheprimarycauseoffailure(Figure 16.2). Doubleclickingonthezone
willopenthe ComplianceChecklist.
Thetoolbarbuttonsareshownin Figure 16.3, themajorityofthemopenthe SAP 9.90
2009WorksheetValues dialogueatdifferenttabs.
16.6
ProjectinformationinSAP
Generalinformationaboutthedwelling, suchastheclient, projectaddress, andtypeof
dwellinginthe ProjectInformation dialogue(Figure 16.4). Thisdialogueisalsoused
tosetsomeofthedwellingdetails(someofwhichareusedfortheEPC) anumberof
calculationoptions.
16.6.1
Addressdetails
Theclientandprojectaddressdetailsareshownonallthecalculationoutputs. Youcan
enterthedetailsintwoways:
• typetheinformationdirectlyintothe ProjectInformation&Options dialogue; or,
• usetheinformationwhichyousetforthewholeJPA Designerprojectinthe Project
Information dialogueinthe ProjectManager window.
CHAPTER16. JPA DESIGNER SAP 2009MODULE
Figure 16.3: ButtonsontheSAP toolbar
78
CHAPTER16. JPA DESIGNER SAP 2009MODULE
Figure 16.4: TheProjectInformationdialogue
79
CHAPTER16. JPA DESIGNER SAP 2009MODULE
80
Toenternewprojectdetails:
1. IntheSAP moduleselect Edit>ProjectInformation fromthemenubar. The Project
Information dialogueopens.
2. Enterprojectinformationbytypingitintotheappropriatefields. Usethe <Tab>
keytomovebetweenfields.
Youcanalsoaddplotnumbersanddrawingreferencestolinkthecalculationtoa
particulardwellingonsite.
Note: The UPRN boxandthe getUPRN and clearUPRN buttonsareonlyused
whenpreparingtoissueanEPC foracompleteddwelling. Forinstructionsonusing
thempleaseseetheseparateguidetoissuingEPCs.
TocopyprojectdetailsfromProjectManager:
1. IntheSAP moduleselect Edit>ProjectInformation fromthemenubar. The Project
Information dialogueopens.
2. Clickthe Inherit button. AnyinformationyouenteredinProjectManageriscopied
tothe ProjectInformation dialoguehere.
16.6.2
Dwellingdetails
The ProjectInformation dialoguealsocontainsgeneralinformationaboutthedwelling,
includingthetypeofbuilding, thecountryandthelocation.
• Buildingtype: thisisusedintheEnergyPerformanceCertificate. Selecttheclosest
matchingvaluefromthedrop-down.
• Country: thedifferentpartsoftheUK haveimplementedSAP 2009inslightlydifferentways3 . Youmustusethe Country drop-downtoselectthecorrectlocation
toensurethedwellingistestedagainsttheappropriateregulations.
• EPC language: setsthelanguageinwhichtheEPC isproduced.
EPCsinEngland, ScotlandandNorthernIrelandmustbeproducedinEnglish. EPCs
inWalesmaybeissuedininEnglishorWelsh.
• Location: thisisusedintheoverheatingassessmentandinSAP calculationsfor
dwellings with space cooling. Select the closest matching value from the dropdown.
• Projecttype: defineswhetherthecalculationisforanewbuild, existingdwelling
orconversion.
AnEPC canonlybeproducedfora newdwellingasbuilt.
• Relatedpartydisclosure: overridesthedefaultdisclosureforEPCsforthatcalculation.
3
AsofDecember2010NorthernIrelandisstillusingSAP 2005(version9.81).
CHAPTER16. JPA DESIGNER SAP 2009MODULE
16.6.3
81
SAP calculationoptions
Thebottomofthe ProjectInformation dialoguecontainsseveralcalculationoptions:
• Treatloweglasscoatingas`soft': softlowemissioncoatingsallowlesssolarenergy
throughglassthanhardcoatingsandwillthereforereducetheamountofsolargain
(however, windowswithsoftcoatingswillhavebetterU-valuesthanthosewithhard
coatings). Ticktheboxtoapplythisoptiontoalllow-E glassinthecalculation.
• Entergrossopaqueelementareas: theSAP 2009calculationusesthenetareasof
wallsandroofs, aftertheareasofopenings(doors, windowsandrooflights)have
beenremoved). Ifyouselectthisoptionyoucanenterthe gross areasofwallsand
roofs, and the program will determine the net areas, by subtracting the areas of
windowsandrooflights.
Ifyouchangethesettingofthisboxthesoftwarethenclosethe ProjectInformation theprogramasksifyouwanttousethatsettingasthedefaultvalueforfuture
calculations.
• Boiler comes under the exception procedure allowed in Part L. The Domestic
BuildingServicesComplianceguiderequiresneworreplacementgasoroilboilers
tohaveefficiencylevelswhichcanonlybeachievedbycondensingappliances.
A non-condensing boiler may be be permitted if the situation meets the conditionsinthegovernment's Condensingboilerinstallationassessmentprocedurefor
dwellings4 . Youmaythereforeonlytickthisboxiftheconditionsoftheassessment
procedurearesatisfied.
16.7
Enteringprojectdata
ThedatafortheSAP calculationisenteredusingthe SAP 9.902009WorksheetValues
dialogue. Thedialogueisorganisedbyaseriesoftabs, eachcoveringonepartoftheSAP
inputdata: theyare:
• Dwellingdimensions: thebasicconfigurationofthedwelling, includingtheproportionoflowenergylighting(chapter 17).
• Ventilation: airinfiltrationrates, ventilationstrategyandsystemefficiency(chapter 18).
• Walls, roofsandfloors: heatlossandthermalmassoftheopaquebuildingfabric
(chapter 19).
• Openings: heatloss, solargainanddaylightinginformationforwindows, doorsand
rooflights(chapter 20).
• Waterheating: thesourceofdomestichotwater, itsefficiencyandfueltype, includingdetailsofanysolarpanels(chapter 21).
4
Guide to the Condensing Boiler Installation Assessment Procedure for Dwellings.
http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/uploads/br/BR PDF PTL CONDBOILER.pdf
CLG. 2005.
CHAPTER16. JPA DESIGNER SAP 2009MODULE
82
Figure 16.5: TabsontheSAP 9.902009WorksheetValuesdialogue
Figure 16.6: ThebuttonsontheSAP WorksheetValuesdialogue
• Primaryheating: themainheatingsystem, controlsandfuel(chapter 22).
• Secondaryheating: anyadditionalheatingsystem(chapter 23).
• Overheatingandcooling: detailsforsummeroverheating, andanyfixedcooling
systems(chapter 24).
• PV &AltTech: Photo-voltaicpanels, windturbines, andnewrenewabletechnologies(chapter 26).
To open the dialogue at the start of a calculation, click on the Dwelling dimensions
buttononthetoolbarorselect Edit>Dwellingdimensions. Thetabsarelistedatthetop
ofthedialogueinthesameorderastheyappearinthe Edit menu(Figure 16.5). Tomove
betweensectionssimplyclickonthetabs. Werecommendyoustartwiththe Dwelling
Dimensions tabandworkfromlefttoright, finishingwiththe PV &AltTech tab.
Atthebottomofthedialogueareaseriesofbuttons(Figure 16.6):-
• OK:Revisesthecalculationtakingaccountofanychangesyouhavemadetothe
data, andclosesthedialogue.
• Cancel: Closesthedialoguebutignoresanychangesyouhavemadetothecalculation.
• Apply: Revisesthecalculation, takingaccountofanychangesyouhavemadeto
thedata, butleavesthedialogueopen.
Withamonitorsetto1024by800pixelsorhigher, itispossibletoseethemain SAP
windowandthe SAP 9.902009WorksheetValues dialogueatthesametime. By
usingthe Apply buttonyoucanseetheeffectofdesignchangesuponthecalculation
immediately.
• Help: Givesyouaccesstothegovernment'sSAP guidanceandanon-lineversion
ofthismanual.
• Last: Takesyoutotheprevioustabonthedialogue.
• Next: Takesyoutothenexttabonthedialogue.
17 Dwellingdimensions
TheareaandaverageroomheightforeachstoreyareusedthroughouttheSAP calculation, forexample, todeterminehotwaterandlightingusageandtherateofheatloss
throughventilation.
The data is entered using the Dwelling dimensions tab of the SAP Worksheet values
dialogue(Figure 17.1):
• Foreachstorey, the floorarea, in m2 andthe averageroomheight. JPA Designer
will calculate and display the volume of each storey, the total floor area of the
dwellingandthetotalvolumeofthedwelling.
Therearetwolinesfor Groundfloors, toallowfordwellingswhichhaveadouble
heightlounge. The Exposedfloor linemaybeusedforfloorsofapartmentswhich
areovergarages, parkingbaysorwalkways.
Figure 17.1: TheDimensionstab
83
CHAPTER17. DWELLING DIMENSIONS
84
Floorareasaremeasuredtotheinternalsurfacesofthewallsboundingthedwelling,
andshouldincludeallinternalwallsandbuilt-incupboardsaccessiblefromthe
occupiedareaofthedwellingandallporchesandconservatorieswhichareheated
andformpartofthehabitablespace. (Excludeporchesandconservatorieswhich
areunheatedandthermallyseparatedfromthelivingspace.)
The averageroomheight forthelowestfloorismeasuredfromfinishedfloorsurface
toceilingsurface. Foreveryotherstorey, theheightismeasuredfromtheceilingof
thefloorbelow: forexample, theheightofthesecondstoreyinatwostoreyhouse
ismeasuredfromtheundersideoftheceilingofthefirststorey, totheunderside
oftheceilingofthesecondstorey. Thisconventionensuresthatthevolumeofthe
floorstructureisincludedwithinthecalculation. Forroomintheroofconstructions
youwillneedtodetermineanaveragestoreyheight.
Whereafloorhasadifferentoccupancybeneathit(suchasanotherflatormaisonette)
the party boxshouldbetickedforthatfloor.
Makesureyouenterthevaluesagainsttheappropriatestorey, otherwiseyoumay
subsequentlyhaveproblemslodgingtheEPC.Thisisparticularlyimportantforflats:
donotuse`groundfloor'unlessitactuallyisagroundfloorflat.
• Totalfloorareawhichislivingarea: Entertheareaofthemainlivingroomofthe
dwelling. JPA Designerwillcalculatethefractionthatformsofthetotalfloorarea.
Thelivingroomisdefinedas theroommarkedontheplanastheloungeorliving
room, orthelargestpublicroom. Theareaofotherroomswhicharenotseparated
fromthelivingroombydoorsshouldalsobeincluded. However, thelivingarea
cannotextendovermorethanonestorey.
• Buildingfaces: Selecttheorientationofthefrontfaceofthedwellingfromthelist.
Thevalueisusedinconjunctionwiththewindoworientationdatatodetermine
solargain.
Forahouse, itisusuallyeasiesttotreattheelevationcontainingthefrontdooras
thefrontface; foranblockofflatsitmaybebettertotreatthefrontoftheblockas
thefrontfaceforallflatsratherthansettingdifferentfrontorientationsforeachflat.
• Applicationdate; Enterthedateonwhichthedwellingwillbesubmittedtothe
BuildingControlBody. Clickingthedownarrowwillopenacalendar.
17.1
Lowenergylighting
Theproportionoflowenergylightingisusedinthecalculationofelectricityconsumption
forlighting, withahigherproportionoflowenergylightingresultinginlowerelectricity
useandalowerDER.Theproportionoflowenergylightingisalsousedtotestcompliance
withtheminimumefficiencystandardsforfixedbuildingservices(criterion2inApproved
DocumentL1A):theDomesticBuildingServicesComplianceGuiderequiresaminimum
of3outof4(0.75)lightfittingstobelowenergy.
Furtherinformationonlightingisgiveninchapter12oftheDomesticBuildingServices
ComplianceGuide.
Thedatarequiredtodeterminetheproportionoflowenergylightingis:
CHAPTER17. DWELLING DIMENSIONS
85
• thetotalnumberoflightingunits, whichisenteredin Totalfixedlightingoutlets;
• the number of low energy fixed lighting units, which is entered in Low energy
lightingunits.
Onceyouhaveenteredthatdatatheprogramwillcalculateanddisplaythe Fractionof
lowenergylighting1 .
Atthedesignstage, whenitisunlikelythattheexactnumberoflightingunitswillbe
known, the simplest strategy is to set the total number of units to 10 or 20, then set
thenumberoflowenergyunitstogivethecorrectproportion: 15outof20willgivea
proportionof0.75.
1
Thischangeinthewaythefractionoflowenergylightingisenteredhasresultedfromachangemade
tothedatasubmissionwhichaccompaniestheEPC,whichmeansitisnolongersufficientsimplytoenter
thefraction.
18 Ventilation
Themovementofairfromtheinsidetotheoutsideofthedwellingwillresultinheatloss.
SAP considerstwocomponentsofairmovement:
• Airinfiltrationthroughthebuildingfabric.
• Ventilation.
Dataforairmovementisenteredusingthe Ventilation tab(Figure 18.1), whichhassectionsforairinfiltrationandventilationstrategy.
Figure 18.1: TheVentilationtab
86
CHAPTER18. VENTILATION
18.1
87
Airinfiltration
Airinfiltrationrepresents unplanned airmovement: higherlevelsofairinfiltrationwill
givehigherDER values. Therateofairinfiltrationisexpressedintermsofthevolumeofair
whichpassesinonehourthroughasquaremetreofthesurfaceofthebuildingenvelope:
m3 /hm2 . themeasureisoftenreferredtoasthe q50 value, afterthecalculationresultin
BS EN 13829.
The DER calculation does not require any specific value for air infiltration, but Part L
imposesuppercompliancelimitof 10 m3 /hm2 foralldwellings, whichwillbecheckedby
pressuretesting. Designstagecalculationshavetoberevisedusingtheactualinfiltration
rateoncetestinghasbeencarriedout.
Theonlyexceptiontothatregimeisfordevelopmentsofoneortwodwellings, wherean
airpressuretestisnotrequired, solongastheDER iscalculatedusinganairinfiltration
rateof 15 m3 /hm2 . ThatpresumedrateofairinfiltrationwillgiveahigherDER,which
mustthenbereducedbycompensatingimprovementstothebuildingfabricorservices.
Therearethreemethodstoentertheairinfiltrationdataintothesoftware:
• Setadesigntestpressure, andreplaceitlaterbytheresultofthepressuretest.
• Onsmalldevelopments, useanassumedvalueof 15 m3 /hm2 .
• Allowthesoftwaretocalculatetheinfiltrationratefromtheconstructiontypeand
buildingsize. Thismethodisnotvalidfordemonstratingcomplianceunderbuilding
regulations.
18.1.1
Pressuretestdata
Thetreatmentofadwellingsubjecttotheairpressuretestingregimedependsonwhether
apressuretestiscarriedoutonthedwelling, orwhetheritispartofagroupofdwellings
inwhichotherdwellingsaretested.
Atthepre-constructionstage, thedesignpressuretestvalueshouldbeusedforalldwellings,
butthefinalcalculation:
• fordwellingswhicharepressuretested: thepressuretestresult.
• fordwellingswhicharenotthemselvespressuretested: theaveragetestresultfor
dwellingsofthattype, plustwo.
Touseairpressuretestdata:
1. At Sourceofq50value select Pressuretest.
2. For pre-construction stagecalculationsentertheairpermeabilityinthe Designq50
box, andsettheradiobuttonsto asdesigned.
3. Forpostcompletioncalculationsentereithertheresultoftheairpressuretest, or
theaveragetestvalueforthattypeofdwelling, andsettheradiobuttonsto asbuilt.
4. Ifthedwellinghasbeenpressuretestedtick Thisdwellinghasbeenpressuretested.
TheDER calculationwillusethe Designq50 value. Ifyoudonottickthatboxthe
programwillcarryoutthecalculationsusingtheq50valueplustwo.
CHAPTER18. VENTILATION
18.1.2
88
Usingtheassumedairpermeabilityrate
Theonlyexemptiontotherequirementforairtestingisfordwellingsonsmalldevelopmentsofoneortwohouses: anairpressuretestisnotrequired, providedtheDER
calculationiscarriedoutusinganairpermeabilityof 15 m3 /hm2 . ThathighvaluerequirestheperformanceoftherestofthebuildingtobeimprovedtomeettheDER,in
ordertooff-setthepotentiallypoorair-permeability.
Touseanassumedairpermeability:
1. At Sourceofq50value select Assumedvalue.
2. Tickthe Smalldevelopment box, whichindicatesthedwellingispartofadevelopmentofoneortwodwellings. Ifyoudonotticktheboxthedwellingwillfailits
compliancechecks.
The Designq50 boxisnowfixedat 15 m3 /hm2 .
18.1.3
Usingacalculatedairpermeabilityrate
WhereadwellingisnotsubjecttotheairpressuretestingrequirementsofPartL anairpermeabilityvaluecanbeestimatedfrombasicdetailsoftheconstructionandconfiguration
ofthedwelling.
1. At Sourceofq50value select Calculated. Thetabshowsadditionaltextboxes.
2. Specify:
•
•
•
•
theTypeofconstruction;
whetherthereisadraughtlobby;
thefloorconstruction;
thenumberofstoreys.
3. ThesoftwarethencalculatesanairpermeabilityratebasedontheSAP defaults.
18.2
Ventilationopeningsandsheltering
Inthe Ventilation sectionenterdetailsoftheventilationprovisionforthedwelling. Use
theboxestoenterthenumbersof:
• Chimneys: verticalductsforcombustiongaseswithdiametergreaterthan200mm.
• Flues: verticalductsforcombustiongaseswithdiameterlessthan200mm.
*Thesecanbeassociatedwiththemainheatingsystem, orwithsecondaryorother
heating.
• Extract fansandpassivevents: intermittentextractfansinbathroomsandtoilets
andpassiveventsystems.
• Fluelessgasfires.
• Numberof Shelteredsides tothedwelling. Shelteredsidesreducetherateofair
infiltrationresultingfromexposuretowindforces.
Seesection2.5oftheSAP 2009documentationforfurtherguidance.
CHAPTER18. VENTILATION
89
Figure 18.2: TheUserdefinedmechanicalventilationdialogue
18.3
Ventilationtype
Setthegeneraltypeofventilationusingthe Ventilationtypes radiobuttons(section2.6
oftheSAP documentdescribesthedifferentventilationsystems). Iftheinstallationhas
beencarriedoutaspartofanapprovedinsulationschemetickthe Approvedinstallation
scheme.
The Sourceofmechanicalventilationparameters sectiondetermineswhichefficiency
datatheprogramuses:
• Default: theperformancevaluesbuiltintotheSAP specification;
Thisistheonlyoptionfornaturalventilation, butforwholehouseventilation, positiveinputventilationorwholehouseextractventilation, thedefaultperformance
valuesintheSAP specificationwillgivecomparativelypoorresults.
• User defined: allows you to enter your own performance values, such as those
suppliedbyproductmanufacturers:
1. Fromthe Sourceofmechanicalventilationparameters select Userdefined.
2. Clickthe Enterdetails button. The Userdefinedmechanicalventilation dialogueopensandyoucannowenterthedata(Figure 18.2.
CHAPTER18. VENTILATION
90
Figure 18.3: TheBRE VentilationDatabasedialogue
• Database: performance values from the Product Characteristics Database maintainedbyBRE.
1. Fromthe Sourceofmechanicalventilationparameters select Database.
2. Clickthe Lookup button. The MechanicalVentilationDatabase dialogueopens
(Figure 18.3).
3. Usethedrop-downtoselectthe Manufacturer. Thelistofavailableproducts
appears.
4. Selectaproductbyclickingonit.
5. Specifythenumberof Wetroomsexcludingkitchen.
6. Iftheductworkisinsulatedtickthe Insulatedduct box.
7. Clickthe Usetheselectedsystem button. Thedialogueclosesandthesummaryofthesystemisdisplayednexttothe Database radiobutton.
CHAPTER18. VENTILATION
Inallcases, leavethebox 100%draught-stripping ticked.
91
19 Walls, roofsandfloors
Thedataontheopaquebuildingfabric–-walls, roofsandfloors–-isusedtocalculate:
• therateofconductionheatlossforthedwellingthroughthoseelementsandthe
junctionsbetweenthem;
• thethermalmassofthedwelling.
InJPA Designeryoumustentertheareas, U-valuesand κ-valuesforeachofthebuildingelements(section 19.3), andalsoenterdetailsofthelinearthermalbridgingathe
junctionsbetweentheelementsandattheedgesofopenings(section 19.4). Thedatais
enteredusingthe Walls, roofs&floors tabofthe SAP Worksheetvalues dialogue(Figure 19.1).
19.1
Definingbuildingelements
SAP 2009requiresdatafor all elementsofthebuildingfabric, notjusttheheatlosselements1 . Youmustenterdatafor:
• Exposed elements which separate the building interior from outside, or from an
unheatedspace, orfromanadjacentoccupancywithadifferentheatingpattern.
• Partyelementswhichseparatethedwellingfromanotherspacewithasimilarheatingpattern.
• Internalwallsandfloors.
Thedatarequiredforeachelementdependsonitsfunction: theprincipleitemsbeing:
• Area: thesurfaceareaoftheelement, in m2 , whichshouldbemeasuredtothe
boundariesofinternalfinishedsurfaces. Ifyouhavechosentouse gross areasfor
opaqueelementsthereisnoneedtosubtracttheareasofopeningsfromwallor
roofareas.
Whenaddinginternalwalls, theareasofbothsidesofthewallshouldbemeasured.
1
ThisisoneofthesignificantchangesindatagatheringbetweenSAP 2005(9.8x)andSAP 2009(9.90).
It is a result of the new method for calculating the energy required for heating, which now considers
thethermalmassofthebuildingfabric: everyelementwhichcontributestothatthermalmasshastobe
includedinthecalculation.
92
CHAPTER19. WALLS,ROOFS AND FLOORS
93
Figure 19.1: TheWalls, RoofsandFloorstab
• U-value: the rateof heat transferthrough the element. U-values should be calculatedtoBS EN ISO 6946andBS EN ISO 13370, followingtheguidanceinBR
443. ConventionsforU-valuecalculations. TherequirementsforU-valuesfordifferentelementsaresummarisedin Table 19.2. Notethatforpartywallsbetween
dwellingstheU-valuesmustbetakenfrom Table 19.1.
• κ-values(kappa-values): thisistheheatcapacityoftheelement, whichexpresses
theamountofenergyrequiredtoraiseitstemperature. Table1eoftheSAP documentcontainsadditionalinformationabout κ-values.
Table 19.1: U-valuesforpartywalls
Partywallconstruction
Solid
Unfilledcavitywithnoeffectiveedgesealing
Unfilledcavitywitheffectiveedgesealing
A fullyfilledcavitywitheffectivesealing
U-value(W/m2 K)
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.0
CHAPTER19. WALLS,ROOFS AND FLOORS
94
Table 19.2: U-valuesforbuildingelements
Element
U-value
Exposedelement
Semi-exposed
Partywallbetweendwellings
Partywall–similarheatingpattern
Partywall–differentheatingpattern
Partyfloor–similarheatingpattern
Partyfloor–differentheatingpattern
Partyceiling–similarheatingpattern
Partyceiling–differentheatingpattern
Internalwall
Internalfloor
Internalceiling
Ascalculated
Ascalculated
From Table 19.1
0.00 W/m2 K
Halfcalculatedvalue
0.00 W/m2 K
Halfcalculatedvalue
0.00 W/m2 K
Halfcalculatedvalue
N/A
N/A
N/A
Figure 19.2: TheElementdialogue
Notes
RuadjustmenttoU-value
Takeareaofbothsides
CHAPTER19. WALLS,ROOFS AND FLOORS
19.2
95
TheElementdialogue
The Element Dialogueisusedtoenterdataoneachofthedwelling'sopaqueelements
(see Figure 19.2): ittakesthefollowingdata:
• Element: Usethedrop-downtosetthe type ofelementfromthelist. Theelement
typeisusedforcheckingaverageU-values, soitisimportanttosettherightelement
type.
• Curtainwall: Tickthisboxifthewallelementconsistsofcurtainwalling.
Curtainwallinghastobetreateddifferentlyfromnormalwallsinordertoobtainthe
correctvaluesforheatlossandsolargains. Theareaofwallshouldbeenteredas
normal, buttheU-valuesettothatofthewholecurtainwallsystem. Thewindow
areashouldalsobethatofthewholefacade, withthesameU-value.
• Construction: thedrop-downlistsanumberofcommonconstructionsforthespecifiedelementtype, andoffersaquickwayofsettingthe heatcapacity fortheelement. Alternatively, youcanleavetheconstructionblankandenterthe heatcapacity directly.
• Partywalltype: thisdrop-downisonlydisplayedifthe Element isapartywall.
– Forapartywallbetweentwodwellingsselecttheappropriateconstruction:
thatwillalsosetthe U-value.
– Forapartywallbetweenadwellingandanoccupancywhichis not adwelling
ignorethisbox.
• Storey: thisboxisonlydisplayedifthe Element isapartyfloororinternalfloor. Set
thestoreynumber, relativetothebuilding(notjustthedwelling).
• When Element issetto internalfloors theprogramdisplaysthe Ceilingbelow dropdown: selecttheinternalceilingwhichformstheotherpartoftheinternalfloor
construction.
Thismeansyoushouldentertheinternalceilingelementsbeforeyouentertheinternalfloors.
• Heatcapacity: entertheheatcapacity(κ-value)fortheelement: ifyouhaveselecteda Construction itsdefaultheatcapacitywillalreadybeentered.
• Area: Entertheareaoftheelement.
Ifyouhavechosentousegrossareasthetextabovethe Area boxwillread Enter
areasINcludingdoors, windowsrooflights. Ifitreads EXcludingdoors, windows
rooflights youmustenternetareas.
• U-value: Enter the U-value in the text box. If you have already carried out the
U-valuecalculationinthesameJPA Designerprojectyoucanselectitusingthe
LinktothisU-valuecalculation drop-down: thatcreatesapermanentlinkbetween
theelementintheSAP calculationandtheU-valuecalculation; thesoftwarewill
updatetheSAP calculationiftheU-valuechanges.
CHAPTER19. WALLS,ROOFS AND FLOORS
96
• Effectivethermalresistanceofunheatedspace(Ru): The Ru coefficientisusedto
adjusttheU-valueofanelementtoallowforthebeneficialeffectofanenclosedbut
unheatedspacetoitsexterior. Thecommonestunheatedspacesareintegralgarages
inhousesandaccesscorridorstoapartmentblocks: somepartsofroom-in-the-roof
constructionsarealsotreatedasunheatedspaces. Valuesfor Ru aregiveninsection
3.3oftheSAP documentation; clickingthe Help displaystherelevantguidance.
• Description: An optional text description of the element can be entered in the
Descriptiontextbox. A descriptionmakesiteasiertodistinguishbetweenseveral
elementsofthesametypewheneditingacalculation.
• Perimeter and Cost: theseboxesshouldbeignored.
19.3
Managingbuildingelements
Toaddanewelement:
1. Clickthe New button; the NewElement dialogueopens.
2. Enterthedatafortheelementthenclick OK.JPA Designershowsthesummarydata
newelementintheelementlist.
Toeditanelement:1. Click the element to edit then click the Edit button. The Edit Element dialogue
opens.
2. Makethechangestotheelement, thenclick OK.
Toduplicateanelement:1. Selecttheelementtoduplicatebyclickingonitonce.
2. Clickthe Duplicate button. A copyoftheelementiscreated.
3. Selectthenewelementandclick Edit tomakechanges.
Todeleteanelement:1. Selecttheelementtodeletebyclickingonitonce.
2. Clickthe Delete button. A confirmdialogueappears.
3. Click Yes todeletetheelement, or No tocancelthedeletion.
CHAPTER19. WALLS,ROOFS AND FLOORS
97
Figure 19.3: TheCalculateHtbdialogue
19.4
Linearthermalbridging
Besidescalculatingtherateofheatloss through thebuildingelementsSAP alsocalculates
therateofheatlossatthejunctions between thoseelementsandaroundopenings, which
resultsfromlinearthermalbridging.Therateofheatlossfromajunctioniscalculatedby
multiplyingitslength, measuredinmetres, byits ψ -value(psi-value). Theheatlossrate
fromallthejunctionsisaddedtogethertogivethetotalrateofheatlossatjunctions, Htb.
An alternative, simplified method of calculating Htb can be used in some cases: this
simplifiedmethodisdescribedin subsection 19.4.2.
FurtherinformationonthetreatmentoflinearthermalbridgingcanbefoundinAppendix
K oftheSAP document.
19.4.1
TheHtbcalculation
AnaccuratecalculationofHtbrequiresthelengthand ψ -valueofeachjunction. The
lengthshouldbeobtainedbymeasurementfromthedesigndrawings: itisacceptableto
sumthelengthofseparatejunctionsofthesametype, forexample, addingtogetherthe
lengthsofallthewindowjambs. The ψ -valuecanbeobtainedfromanumberofsources:
CHAPTER19. WALLS,ROOFS AND FLOORS
98
Figure 19.4: TheJunctiondialogue
• whereanaccreditedconstructiondetailisused, the ψ -valueforthatdetail.
• wherea ψ -valuehasbeencalculated, the ψ -valueforthatdetail.
NotethattherequirementinApprovedDocumentL1A toincreasesuchcalculated
butnon-accredited ψ -valuesbythegreatestof0.02or25%willnotbeintroduced
untilthirdpartyaccreditationschemesareoperating.
• adefaultvaluefromthefinalcolumnoftableK.1intheSAP 2009document.
ThedatafortheHtbcalculationisenteredusingthe CalculateHTB dialogue(Figure 19.3
whichlistsallthejunctiontypesassignedtothedwelling, showingforeachone:
• theaccreditedlinearthermaltransmittance, whichrepresentsthe ψ -valueforthe
correspondingaccreditedconstructiondetail;
• theachievedlinearthermaltransmittanceforthejunction;
• thelengthofthedetail, inmetres;
• therateofheatlossthroughthejunction, W/K.
Thebuttonsatthebottomofthedialogueallowyouto Add, Edit and Delete junctions.
Tousethe CalculateHtb dialogue:
CHAPTER19. WALLS,ROOFS AND FLOORS
99
1. Tickthebox EnterHTB valuemanually.
2. Clickthe Calculateit button. The CalculateHtb dialogueopens.
Toaddajunction:
1. Click Add. The Junction dialogueopens.
2. Selectthe Junctiontype fromthedrop-down.
3. Entera Description; thisisoptional, butaddingadescriptionwillmakeiteasierto
managethecalculation.
4. Enterthe Achievedlinearthermaltransmittance: thisisthe ψ -value.
Theprogramwillofferstandardvaluesbasedonthejunctiontype.
5. Enterthe Detaillength, thetotallengthofthejunction, inmetres.
6. Setthe Sourceofvalue.
Currentlythissimplyrecordsthesource: inthefutureitwillbeusedtotriggerthe
penaltyoncalculated, butnon-accrediteddetails.
7. Click OK.Thejunctionisaddedtothe CalculateHtb dialogue.
Therearetwoadditionalpointstonotewhenaddingjunctions:
• there is a distinction between junctions to exposed walls and junctions to party
walls: thelattercommonlyhavelower ψ -values.
• ifthedwellinghascurtainwallingthereisnoneedtoincludethelengthsofthe
windowsurroundsasthethermalbridgingheatlosseswillhavebeenincludedin
theoverallU-valueforthecurtainwallsystem.
AccreditedconstructiondetailsforEnglandandWalesareavailableonthePlanningPortal: http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/. ThoseforScotlandfromtheScottishGovernment
website: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Built-Environment.
19.4.2
SimplifiedHtbcalculations
Anapproximatevaluefor Htb canbeobtainedbymultiplyingthetotalareaoftheexposed
elements (floors, walls and roofs) by a factor, y. There are two conditions where this
simplifiedmethodmaybeused:
• Where y hasbeencalculatedforthattypeandconfigurationofdwelling. Tousea
calculatedvaluefory:
1. Tick Enteryvaluemanually.
2. Enterthevaluefor y inthebox.
3. Enterareferenceforthecalculatedvalueof y inthe Calcref box.
Thereferencemustrefertothecalculationusedtoobtainthestatedvalue.
• Whereno ψ -valuesorjunctionlengthsareavailable. Thecalculationproceedson
thebasisofy=0.15. Tousethatvalue:
1. Makesure EnterHtbvaluemanually is unticked.
2. At Detailing select Detailsarenotaccreditedconstructiondetails.
CHAPTER19. WALLS,ROOFS AND FLOORS
19.5
100
Thermalmass
Therearethreemethodsforenteringdataonthethermalmassofthebuildingfabric:
1. Setthe κ-valueforallexposed, partyandinternalelements. Theprogramcalculatesthethermalmassparameter(TMP) fromthosevaluesandtheareasofthose
elements; theresultisdisplayedinthe TMP box.
2. EnterasetTMP.Tick UserdefinedThermalMassParameter thenenterthevaluein
the TMP box.
3. Useoneofthethreedefaultthermalmassparameters. Tick UserdefinedThermal
MassParameter thenselectathermalmasscategoryfromthe Thermalmass drop
down.
20 Openings
Openingsinwallsandroofs–windows, doors, affectthreeaspectsoftheSAP calculation:
• Heatloss: assessedthroughtheU-value.
• Solargain: assessedthroughthegwindowvalue.
• Daylighting: assessedthroughthetypeofglazing.
Dataonopeningsisenteredusingthe Openings tabofthe SAP WorksheetValues dialogue(Figure 20.1). Thetabliststhedwelling'swindows, doorsandrooflights, grouping
themaccordingtothebuildingelementintheysit. Thebuttonsbelowthelistallowyou
tocreate, editanddeleteopenings. Foreachopeningthedataisenteredusingthe Doors,
Windows&Rooflights dialogue1 (section 20.1).
Todefineanewopening:
1. Inthe Openings tabclickthe New button. The NewDoors, Windows&Rooflights
dialogueopens.
2. Enterthedatafortheopeningandclick OK.
Toduplicateanopening:
Duplicatinganopeningcreatesanewcopyoftheoriginalopeningwhichcanthenbe
edited: asmostopeningswillsharethesameglazingandframetype, usingtheduplicate
facilitycanspeedupdataentry.
1. Inthe Openings tabselecttheopeningyouwanttoduplicate.
2. Clickthe Duplicate button. A copyoftheopeningiscreated.
3. Doubleclickontheduplicatedopeningtoeditit.
Toeditanexistingopening:
1
Youcanentereachopeningindividually, oryoucangrouptheopeningsoneachfaceofthebuilding
intoonearea, providedtheyhavethesameframeandglazingtype.
101
CHAPTER20. OPENINGS
102
Figure 20.1: TheOpeningstab
1. Doubleclickontheopeninginthelistinthe Openings tab. The EditDoors, WindowsandRooflights dialogueopens.
Alternatively, youcanselecttheopeningthenclickthe Edit button.
2. Makeyourchangesthenclick OK.
Todeleteanopening:
1. Selecttheopeninginthelistinthe Openings tab.
2. Clickthe Delete button. A confirmationdialogueappears.
3. Click Yes todeletetheopening, or No toretainit.
TochangemultipleU-values:
ThisfunctionenablesyoutorevisetheU-valuesofseveralopeningsatonce.
1. Selectthefirstoftheopeningsbyclickingonitonce.
CHAPTER20. OPENINGS
103
Figure 20.2: ChangingtheU-valuesofseveralopeningsatthesametime
2. Holddownthe <Shift> keyandclickthelastoftheopenings. Thatopening, and
alltheopeningsbetweenthefirstandlastarenowselected.
3. Clickthe ChangeU-valueofselectedopenings button. The ChangeMultipleUvalues dialogueopens(Figure 20.2).
4. EnterthenewU-valuethenclick OK.TheU-valuesarechanged.
20.1
TheWindows, DoorsandRooflightsdialogue
The Doors, Windows&Rooflights dialogueisusedtoenterthedataabouttheopenings
withinthedwelling(Figure 20.3: thedialogueisheadedeither NewDoors, Windows
&Rooflights or EditDoors, Windows&Rooflights). Thedialoguerequiresthefollowing
data:
• OpeningType: Usethedrop-downtoselectwhetheritisawindow, rooflightor
door.
• Openingwithin: Usethedrop-downtoselectwhichelement(wall, roof)which
containstheopening. Thesoftwareusesthisinformationtocalculatethenetareas of the elements. The elements offered in the drop-down will only be those
appropriateforthe Openingtype.
For example, if you have set the Opening type to Window, the Opening within
drop-downwillshowonlywalls. Similarly, ifyouchose Rooflight, then Opening
within willshowonlyroofelements.
• Glazing: Usethedrop-downtoselectthetypeofglazing, consideringthenumber
ofleavesofglass, thegaswithinthecavityorcavitiesandanylowemissivity(low-E)
coating.
Evenifyougoontoenteramanufacturer'sU-valueand/orgwindowvalueyou
muststillmakeaselectionheretosetthecorrectparametersfordaylight.
• Double-glazingairgap: Usetheradiobuttonstoselectoneofthedefaultvalues
orenteryourownvalue. Ifthegapisgreaterthan16mmselect Other andentera
widthinthebox.
CHAPTER20. OPENINGS
104
Figure 20.3: TheEditDoors, Windows&Rooflightsdialogue
• Frametype: Usetheradiobuttonstoselecttheframematerialand, formetalframes,
thedepthofthethermalbreak.
• SourceofU-value: Ifyouselect Default thesoftwarewillusethebuilt-invaluesfor
theU-valueandsolartransmittance. Ifyouselect Manufacturer thesoftwarewill
expectyoutoenteraU-value, butwilluseadefaultsolartransmittancebasedon
theglazingandframetype. Ifyouselect BFRC data thesoftwarewillexpectyou
toenteraU-valueandsolarfactor(gwindowvalue). Thegwindowvaluemustbe
certifiedbytheBritishFenestrationRatingCouncil.
• U-value: If sourceofU-value issetto Default thisboxwillbegreyedout. Otherwise
enterthemanufacturersuppliedU-value.
• gwindowvalue: OnlyenteragwindowvalueinhereifitisBFRC certified.
• Area: Youcanentertheopeningareadirectlyintothe Area box, oryoucanselect
asizefromthe Windowsize drop-down, oryoucanenterthe Width and Height
oftheopening.
Note: the Area isenteredinmetressquare, butthevaluesfor Width and Height
areenteredinmillimetres(mm). Wherethereisanoverhangabovethewindow
CHAPTER20. OPENINGS
105
youshouldusethe Width and Height boxes, toensurethesoftwarecorrectlytakes
accountoftheovershadinginthesummeroverheatingcalculation.
• Description: The Description box allows you to enter a text description for the
element. Thedescriptiondoesnotaffecttheoutcomeofthecalculation. Ifyou
haveenteredamanufacturer'sU-valuethesoftwarerequiresadescription.
Westronglyrecommendyouusethedescriptionboxtoenterashortdescriptionfor
everyopening, suchasitsnumberonthewindowanddoorschedule: itismuch
easiertokeeptrackofopeningsinthecalculationwhenyouhaveadescription.
• Openingorientation: Thedirectioninwhichtheopeningfacesdetermineshow
muchlightitwillreceiveandwillthereforeaffecthowmuchsolarfluxwillpass
throughtheopening. Theorientationofanopeningissetrelativetothefrontelevationofthedwelling: usuallythatwhichcontainsthefrontdoor. Settheorientation
usingtheradiobuttons. Rooflightsalwaysface Top. Ifyouareunsurewhichway
thebuildingwillbefacingthenselect Unspecified.
Makesurethe Front elevationhereisthesameoneyouselectedinthe Building
faces drop-downinthe Dimensions tab.
• Overhang: Featuressuchasbalconiesorbrisesoleilwhichoverhangawindow
willreducetheamountofsunlightfallingonitinsummer, andsoreducetheriskof
overheating. Ifthereissuchanoverhangenterits Width and Depth, bothinmm.
Thedepthismeasuredfromtheouteredgeoftheoverhangtotheexternalfaceof
theglazing.
• Blinds, curtainsandexternalshutters: Thesewillalsoreducetheamountofsolar
gainandtheriskofoverheatinginsummer. Usethedrop-downtoselectthetype
ofshadingandthensetthe Fractionofdaylighthoursclosed.
AppendixP oftheSAP documentationgivessomeguidanceofreasonableassumptionsfortheseoccupant-determinedvalues.
• Overshading: Theextenttowhichtheskyisobscuredbytreesandneighbouring
buildingswilldeterminetheamountofsunlightandsolarfluxpassingthroughthe
glazing. Set the degree of overshading using the radio buttons. Select Average
orunknown ifyoucannotestablishtheamountofovershading. TheSAP guidance
disallowstheuseofthe Verylittle overshadingcategoryfornewdwellingsasitdoes
nottakeaccountofconditionslikelytoapplyoverthewholelifeofthebuilding.
20.2
Editingmultipleopenings
Changingthespecificationforopeningsoncetheyhavebeenaddedtoacalculationcan
beatimeconsumingprocess. JPA Designerhastwotoolstomaketheprocessquicker,
byenablingyoutocopyingcertainpartsofthewindowdataforonewindowtoother
windowsinthedwellingorproject. Theonlydataitemscopiedtothewindowsare:
• Glazing.
• Doubleglazingairgap.
CHAPTER20. OPENINGS
106
• Frametype.
• gwindowvalue.
Tocopyvaluesbetweenopenings:
1. Openonewindowinthe EditDoors, Windows&Rooflights dialogue(Figure 20.3).
2. Adjustthedataforthewindow, ifnecessary.
3. Clickoneoftwobuttons:
• Copy these values to all this building's windows: clicking this button sets
thewindowdataforallwindowsinthedwellingtothatthecurrentlyviewed
window.
• Copy these values to all the buildings in this project: clicking this button
setsthewindowdataforallwindowsinallthedwellingsintheJPA Designer
projecttothatthecurrentlyviewedwindow.
4. JPA Designerdisplaysaconfirmationdialogue. Click Yes tocarryoutthechanges,
or No toignorethem.
Theoperationcannotbeun-doneautomatically.
21 Waterheating
SAP considerstheamountofenergyusedtoheatdomestichotwatersuchasthatused
forbathing, laundryanddishwashing. Thedemandforhotwaterisbaseduponthefloor
areaofthedwelling. Dataondomestichotwaterisenteredusingthe Waterheating tab
ofthe SAP Worksheetvalues dialogue(Figure 21.1.
Thefirststepistoselectthetypeofwaterheatingsystemusingthe Sourceofdomestichotwater drop-box. Onceyouhavemadeaselectiontheprogramwilldisplaythe
appropriatedataentryfields. Thehotwatersourcesare:
• Hotwaterstoragetank.
• Instantaneouswaterheatingatpointofuse.
• Combinationboiler.
• Communityheatingscheme.
• Multi-pointgaswaterheaterorheatexchangebuiltintoagaswarmairsystem.
• Boilerwiththermalstore.
• Combinedprimarystorageunit(CPSU).
• MicroCHP orHeatpump.
Use this option for heat pump with data taken from the Product Characteristics
Database(section 22.2. Forallotherheatpumpsuse Hotwaterstoragetank.
• Communityheatingschemeprovidingdomestichotwateronly.
21.1
Hotwaterstoragetank
Thissystemshouldbeselectedwherethehotwaterwhichisheatedbythecentralheating
boilerorimmersioncoil, thenstoredinatankorcylinderreadyforuse(Figure 21.1). Enter
thefollowingdataforthetank:
• Hotwatertankvolume: selectoneofthedefaultvaluesorentertheactualvolume
inthe Volume drop-down.
107
CHAPTER21. WATER HEATING
108
Figure 21.1: TheWaterheatingtab, showingsettingsforahotwaterstoragetank
• Storagetankinsulation: usetheradiobuttonstoselectthetypeofinsulation, then
enterits Thickness inmm.
• Declaredlossfactor: Usetheboxtoenteraheatlossfactorsuppliedbythetank
manufacturer, insteadofrelyingonthedefaultvaluesinSAP 2009.
Themeansofheatingthehotwatermustbespecifiedusingthe Hotwatertankheater
radiobuttons:
• Singleelectricimmersionheater: asinglecoilelectricimmersionheaterinthetank;
• Dualelectricimmersionheater: adualcoilelectricimmersionheaterinthetank:
thiswillusuallybeassociatedwithanoff-peaktariff, inwhichcasetick Offpeak
electricityimmersionheaters.
• Boilerfeed: thisindicatesaheatsourcewhichalsoprovidesspaceheating, suchas
anoilorgasboiler, oradefaultefficiencyheatpump. Thereareadditionalboxes
toindicate:
– thehotwaterisprovidedbythesecondmainheatingsystem;
– adefaultefficiencyheatpumpissupplementedbyanimmersionheaterinthe
summer.
CHAPTER21. WATER HEATING
109
Figure 21.2: Enteringaninstantaneoushotwaterheater
• Hotwateronlyboiler: adedicatedunitwhichsuppliesdomestichotwateronly.
Usethedrop-downtoselectthetypeofboiler, thenspecifythe Fuel.
Usethefourlowerboxestoindicatewhether:
• thehotwatertank(cylinder)isintheheatedspace;
• thereisathermostatinthehotwatertank(cylinder)(requiredbyDomesticBuilding
ServicesComplianceGuide);
• theprimarypipeworkbetweentheboilerandtankisinsulated(tickboxonlydisplayedifboilerfeedisselected)(requiredbyDomesticBuildingServicesComplianceGuide;
• thereisaseparatetimerforthedomestichotwater.
Ifthedwellinghassolarpanelscompletethe Solarpaneldetails sectionofthe Water
heating tab(section 21.10).
21.2
Instantaneouswaterheatingatpointofuse
Forasystemwhichheatsthewateron-demandatthepointofuse, youneedonlyselect
the Fuel usingtheradiobuttons.
21.3
Combinationboiler
Combinationboilersprovideheatingandhotwater: theymaybeinstantaneous(withup
to15litresstorage), ortheymaycontainsmallprimaryorsecondarystoragetanks(see
AppendixB oftheSAP 2009documentfordefinitions). Usethe Combinationboilertype
radiobuttonstoselectthetype.
Ifyouhaveselected Instantaneous thereisnofurtherdatatoenter. Foraboilerwitha
primary or secondary storeenterthefollowingdata:
• Hotwatertankvolume: selectoneofthedefaultvaluesorentertheactualvolume
inthe Volume drop-down.
CHAPTER21. WATER HEATING
110
Figure 21.3: Hotwateroptionsforcombinationboilers
• Storagetankinsulation: usetheradiobuttonstoselectthetypeofinsulation, then
enterits Thickness inmm.
• Declaredlossfactor: Usetheboxtoenteraheatlossfactorsuppliedbythetank
manufacturer, insteadofrelyingonthedefaultvaluesinSAP 2009.
Ifthedwellinghassolarpanelscompletethe Solarpaneldetails sectionofthe Water
heating tab(see section 21.10).
21.4
Communityheatingscheme
Thehotwaterfordwellingsheatedbycommunityheatingschemescanprovidedbyimmersionheatersorbyaheatexchangerfedfromthescheme. Inallcasesspecifythehot
watertankheater. Theremaybeadditionaldatarequired, dependingontheconfiguration
ofthesystem:
• Wherethereisneitherahotwatertanknoraheatexchangeinthedwellingno
furtherdataisrequired.
• Ifthereisahotwatertankwithinthedwellingtick DHW cylinderwithindwelling,
thestandarddataboxesfora Hotwatertank willthenbedisplayed. Enterthetank
details(section 21.1)andtick DHW cylinderwithindwelling
• Ifthereisnotankandthehotwaterisprovidedbyaheatexchanger, tick DHW
cylinderwithindwelling, thestandarddataboxesfora Hotwatertank willthen
bedisplayed. Enterthevolumeoftheheatexchangeranddetailsofitsinsulation
andtick DHW cylinderwithindwelling
Ifthedwellinghassolarpanelscompletethe Solarpaneldetails sectionofthe Water
heating tab(section 21.10).
21.5
Multi-pointgaswaterheaterorheatexchangebuilt
intoagaswarmairsystem
Thisrepresentssystemswithonegas-firedwaterheaterprovidinghotwatertoanumber
ofoutlets, orawaterheaterwhichusesaheatexchangerbuiltintoawarmairheating
system. Enterthefollowingdata:
CHAPTER21. WATER HEATING
111
Figure 21.4: Dataentryforgaswaterheatersorheatexchangers
• Hotwatertankvolume: selectoneofthedefaultvaluesorentertheactualvolume
inthe Volume drop-down.
• Storagetankinsulation: usetheradiobuttonstoselectthetypeofinsulation, then
enterits Thickness inmm.
• Declaredlossfactor: Usetheboxtoenteraheatlossfactorsuppliedbythetank
manufacturer, insteadofrelyingonthedefaultvaluesinSAP 2009.
Usethefourlowerboxestoindicatewhether:
• thehotwatertank(cylinder)isintheheatedspace;
• thereisathermostatinthehotwatertank(cylinder)(requiredbyDomesticBuilding
ServicesComplianceGuide);
• theprimarypipeworkbetweentheboilerandtankisinsulated(tickboxonlydisplayedifboilerfeedisselected)(requiredbyDomesticBuildingServicesComplianceGuide;
• thereisaseparatetimerforthedomestichotwater.
Ifthedwellinghassolarpanelscompletethe Solarpaneldetails sectionofthe Water
heating tab(section 21.10).
21.6
Boilerwiththermalstore
Inthesesystemsathermalstorecontainswaterheatedbyaseparateboiler, withdomestic
hotwaterprovidedbymeansofheatexchangerwithinthestore.
Enterthefollowingdataforthestore:
• Hotwatertankvolume: selectoneofthedefaultvaluesorentertheactualvolume
inthe Volume drop-down.
• Storagetankinsulation: usetheradiobuttonstoselectthetypeofinsulation, then
enterits Thickness inmm.
CHAPTER21. WATER HEATING
112
Figure 21.5: Dataentryforathermalstorehotwatersystem
• Declaredlossfactor: Usetheboxtoenteraheatlossfactorsuppliedbythetank
manufacturer, insteadofrelyingonthedefaultvaluesinSAP 2009.
Thehotwatertankheaterwillalwaysbe Boilerfeed.
Usetheradiobuttonsandtickboxestoindicatewhether:
• Thethermalstoreisintegratedorhotwateronly.
• Thethermalstoreisinanairingcupboard.
• Thethermalstoreisclosecoupled.
Close coupled means the store is either within the same casing as the boiler, or
separatedfromtheboilerbynomorethan1.5mofinsulatedpipework.
• Thereisaseparatetimertothethermalstorefortheheatingstore.
Usethefourlowertickboxestoindicatewhether:
• thehotwatertank(cylinder)isintheheatedspace;
• thereisathermostatinthehotwatertank(cylinder)(requiredbyDomesticBuilding
ServicesComplianceGuide);
• theprimarypipeworkbetweentheboilerandtankisinsulated(tickboxonlydisplayedifboilerfeedisselected)(requiredbyDomesticBuildingServicesComplianceGuide;
• thereisaseparatetimerforthedomestichotwater.
Ifthedwellinghassolarpanelscompletethe Solarpanel sectionofthe Waterheating
tab(see section 21.10).
CHAPTER21. WATER HEATING
113
Figure 21.6: DataentryforCPSU hotwatersupply
21.7
Combinedprimarystorageunit(CPSU)
A CombinedPrimaryStorageUnitprovideshotwaterbymeansofheatexchangerwithin
theprimarystore. Enterthefollowingdataforthetank:
• Hotwatertankvolume: selectoneofthedefaultvaluesorentertheactualvolume
inthe Volume drop-down.
• Storagetankinsulation: usetheradiobuttonstoselectthetypeofinsulation, then
enterits Thickness inmm.
• Declaredlossfactor: Usetheboxtoenteraheatlossfactorsuppliedbythetank
manufacturer, insteadofrelyingonthedefaultvaluesinSAP 2009.
Usetheradiobuttonsanddrop-downstoindicate:
• whetherthe CPSU isinanairingcupboard;
• the winteroperatingtemperatureoftheCPSU;
• the sizeoftheCPSU cylinder.
Usethelowerboxestoindicatewhether:
• theCPSU asa separatetimerfortheheatingstore;
• thehotwatertank(cylinder)isintheheatedspace;
• thereisathermostatinthehotwatertank(cylinder)(requiredbyDomesticBuilding
ServicesComplianceGuide);
CHAPTER21. WATER HEATING
114
• theprimarypipeworkbetweentheboilerandtankisinsulated(tickboxonlydisplayedifboilerfeedisselected)(requiredbyDomesticBuildingServicesComplianceGuide;
• thereisaseparatetimerforthedomestichotwater.
Ifthedwellinghassolarpanelscompletethe Solarpaneldetails sectionofthe Water
heating tab(section 21.10).
21.8
MicroCHP orheatpump
Inthesesystemsthehotwaterisprovidedbyeitheradomestic-sizedcombinedheatand
power(microCHP) systemorbymeansofaheatpumpenteredbymeansoftheProduct
CharacteristicsDatabase(section 22.2).
ForamicroCHP systemtheonlyoptionsarewhetherthereis:
• asummertimeimmersionheaterforhotwater;
• ahotwatervesselwithinthemicroCHP system;
• aseparatetimerfordomestichotwater.
Forheatpumpthestandardmethodistoacceptthedatabasevalues, inwhichcaseitis
onlynecessarytospecifywhetherthereis:
• asummertimeimmersionheaterforhotwater;
• ahotwatervesselwithinthemicroCHP system;
• aseparatetimerfordomestichotwater.
However, itispossibletooverridethevaluesbyticking Overrideheatpumpdatabase
values. Thetabnowshowsthe Hotwatertank databoxes:
• Hotwatertankvolume: selectoneofthedefaultvaluesorentertheactualvolume
inthe Volume drop-down.
• Storagetankinsulation: usetheradiobuttonstoselectthetypeofinsulation, then
enterits Thickness inmm.
• Declaredlossfactor: Usetheboxtoenteraheatlossfactorsuppliedbythetank
manufacturer, insteadofrelyingonthedefaultvaluesinSAP 2009.
• Heatpumpheatexchangerarea: Entertheareaoftheheatexchangerplatesin m2 .
Ifthedwellinghassolarpanelscompletethe Solarpanel sectionofthe Waterheating
tab(section 21.10).
CHAPTER21. WATER HEATING
115
Figure 21.7: Settingsforacommunityheatingschemewhichsuppliesonlydomestichot
water
21.9
Communityheatingschemeprovidingdomestichot
wateronly
Thissystemrepresentshotwaterprovisionbyacommunityheatingschemewhichdoes
not providethespaceheating. Thesystemcanhaveseveralheatsources.
Tospecifysuchasystem:
• Setthe Sourceofdomestichotwater to Communityheating-domestichotwater
only (Figure 21.7).
• Setthe HeatSources forthesystem(subsection 21.9.1.
• Setthemethodof charging forthehotwatersupply, usingthedrop-down: thiswill
eitherbeaflatratechargefortheheating, orwillbelinkedtohotwaterusage.
• Setthe distribution methodusingthedrop-down.
• Ifthereisasolarpanellinkedtothesystementeritsdetails(section 21.10).
• Ifthereisahotwatertankorcylinderwithinthedwellingtick DHW cylinderwithin
dwelling: additionaldataboxeswillbedisplayedfor:
– Hotwatertankvolume: selectoneofthedefaultvaluesorentertheactual
volumeinthe Volume drop-down.
– Storagetankinsulation: usetheradiobuttonstoselectthetypeofinsulation,
thenenterits Thickness inmm.
– Declaredlossfactor: Usetheboxtoenteraheatlossfactorsuppliedbythe
tankmanufacturer, insteadofrelyingonthedefaultvaluesinSAP 2009.
CHAPTER21. WATER HEATING
116
Figure 21.8: Settingaheatsourceforcommunityheating/hotwater
21.9.1
Heatsources
Communityheatingandhotwaterschemescanbefedbyavarietyofheatsourcesincludingconventionalboilers, heatpumps, combinedheatandpowersystemsandeven
geothermal. The Heatsources boxliststhesourcesfordomestichotwater(Figure 21.7):
sourcescanbeaddedandeditedusingthebuttonsnexttothebox:
• the New button, whichopensthe Heatsource dialoguereadyfornewdata;
• the Edit button, whichopensthe Heatsource dialogueshowingtheselectedheat
source.
• the Delete buttonwhichremovestheselectedheatsource.
The HeatSource dialogue(Figure 21.8 requires:
• thetypeofheatsource, selectedfromthe Heatsource drop-down.
• thefuel, selectedfromthe Fuel drop-down.
• theproportionofthetotalenergyloadprovidedbythatsource. Enterafraction
between0and1inthe Heatfraction box.
• theefficiencyofthatheatsource. Enterasapercentageinthe Efficiency box.
Formostsourcestheefficiencywillbelessthan100, butforheatpumpstheefficiencymaybeconsiderablyhigher.
CHAPTER21. WATER HEATING
117
Figure 21.9: Dataentryforsolarwaterheating
21.10
Solarpanels
Solarpanelsusesunlighttopre-heatwaterforthedomestichotwatersystem. Guidance
onincludingsolarpanelsinthecalculationisgiveninAppendixH oftheSAP documentation. Wherepossibledatafromthepanel'stestcertificateshouldbeused, otherwise
usedatafromtableH1oftheSAP documentation.
Whereadwellinghassolarpanels, specify:
• Thenet Apertureareaofsolarcollector, insquaremetres.
• The Zero-lossefficiencyofthecollector.
• The heatlosscoefficient ofthecollector.
• Thevolumeofthe dedicatedsolarstorage. SeefigureH2oftheSAP documentation
fordefinitions.
• Whetherthereisa separatesolarcylinder.
• The solarcollectortype, usingtheradiobuttons.
• The pitch ofthepanels, measuredfromthehorizontal, andtheir orientation.
• Theamountof overshading onthepanels; generallythiswillbelessthantheovershadingofwindowsfacingthesamedirection.
• Whetherthereisasolarpoweredpump. Thiswillreducetheamountofelectricity
usedforpumpingwater.
22 Primaryheating
Theprimaryheatingsystemisthemainheatingsystemforthedwelling, whichwilloften
providehotwateraswellasspaceheating; itisusuallynotbasedonindividualroom
heaters. Dataontheprimaryheatingsystemisenteredusingthe Primaryheating tab
(Figure 22.1).
22.1
Dwellingswithtwomainheatingsystems
SAP 2009canaccountfortheuncommoncaseofadwellinghavingtwomainheating
systems, whicharedesignedtoheatthehousetogether. (Thisshouldnotbeconfused
withsecondaryheatingappliances, suchasgasfiresorwood-burningstoves, whichare
designedtoprovideadditionalheatforindividualrooms.) Thetwosystemsmaybeconfiguredtoheattheallthedwellingtogether, ortoheatpartsofitseparately.
Tospecifytwoheatingsystems:
1. Tick Dwellinghastwomainheatingsystems. Theprogramnowdisplaysapairof
radiobuttons, Mainheatingsystem1 and Mainheatingsystem2 (Figure 22.2).
2. With Mainsystem1 selected, entertheproportionofthedwelling'sspaceheating
demandwhichisprovidedbythatsysteminthe Fraction box(thefractionshould
beintherange0.0–1.0).
3. Ifbothsystemsheatthewholehousetickthebox Bothsystemsheatwholehouse.
Thisaffectsthetreatmentofthehotwatersystem.
4. Specifythefirstsysteminthe Primaryheating tab.
5. Click Mainsystem2 andspecifythesecondsysteminthe Primaryheating tab.
Youcanalwaysswitchbetweenthesystemsusingtheradiobuttons: thelargenumber
atthetoprightofthe Primaryheating tabindicateswhichofthetwosystemsyouare
workingon.
118
CHAPTER22. PRIMARY HEATING
119
Figure 22.1: Theprimaryheatingtab
Figure 22.2: Configuringadwellingwithtwomainheatingsystems
22.2
Efficiencydataforheatingsystems
Therearethreepossiblesourcesofefficiencydataforheatingsystems:
• defaultvaluesgiveninTable4oftheSAP 2009document.
• user-enteredefficiencies: thiscanbeusefulatthedesignstagewhennoappliance
hasbeenspecified.
• datafromtheProductCharacteristicsDatabase(PCD, subsection 22.2.1): thisgives
themostaccuratevaluesforspecificappliances.
Forsomesystems(forexample, gas-firedwarmairsystems)onlythedefaultSAP 2009
efficienciesmaybeused, whilstforothers(forexample, gascondensingboilers)anyof
thethreesourcesisacceptable. Notethatheatpumpsmustbespecifiedeitherusingthe
PCD,orbyacceptingthedefaultefficiencies: microCHP systemscanonlybespecified
bymeansofthePCD.
CHAPTER22. PRIMARY HEATING
22.2.1
120
TheProductCharacteristicsDatabase
TheProductsCharacteristicsDatabasecontainsperformancedataforgas, oilandsolid
fuelboilers, heatpumps, mechanicalventilationsystemsandsomerenewabletechnologies(section 26.4). ThedatabaseismaintainedbytheBRE andisavailablefordownload
atwww.boilers.org.uk. A newversionofthedatabaseisissuedattheendofeverymonth.
Toensureyouareusinganup-to-dateversionofthedatabase, JPA Designerchecksthe
issuedateeverytimeyoustarttheprogram: ifthedatabaseismorethanamonthold
thesoftwarepromptsyoutodownloadthelatestversion. Youcanalsodownloadthe
databaseyourself.
Todownloadthedatabase:
1. Withyourwebbrowsergotowww.boilers.org.uk.
2. Onthehomepageclickon DownloadtheBoilerEfficiencyDatafile.
3. Rightclickonthe Download buttonfor SAP 2009–unzippedfile(.dat), andchoose
Savetargetas. Thedownloadbegins.
The .dat file is larger than the others, but is simpler to install. On a broadband
internetconnectionthedifferenceinsizeisnegligible.
4. Inthe SaveAs dialogueselectthe JPA Designer981 folderandacceptthesuggested
filename bedf2009.dat.
5. Atthewarning bedf2009.datalreadyexists. Doyouwanttoreplaceit click Yes.
6. Atthe Downloadcomplete dialogueclick Close.
7. IntheJPA Designer ProjectManager windowselect File>Re-loadProductCharacteristicsDataFile.
22.2.2
SEDBUK efficiencies
OneofthesignificantdifferencesbetweenSAP 2005andSAP 2009isachangeinthe
calculationmethodforSEDBUK efficiencyratingsforboilers; thechangehasresultedin
thegeneralloweringofefficiencies. WhilstJPA Designerallowsyoutoentereither2005
or2009SEDBUK ratings, youshouldbeensureyoudonotenteravaluecompatiblewith
the2005ratingifyouhaveselectedthe2009rating; youmayfindyouhaveentereda
valuewhichcannotbeachievedbyanyboilerinthedatabase.
22.3
Themainprimaryheatingsystems
Therearesevenmaingroupsofprimaryheatingsystem1 : thefollowingsectionsdescribe
howtoenterdatafortheeachgroup. Inallcases(exceptcommunityheatingschemes),
startbyusingthedrop-boxestosetthe:
1
Notethat none isnotanacceptableheatingoptionforanewdwelling.
CHAPTER22. PRIMARY HEATING
121
• Group;
• Sub-group;
• System;
• Fuel;
• Heatingcontrols.
Alwaysworkfrom Group downwards, astheoptionsinthelowerdrop-boxeschange
accordingtotheselectionsmadehigherup. Onceyouhavesetallthedropboxesyou
shouldenteranyotherrequirementsforthatgroupthenenteranyadditionaldata.
22.3.1
Centralheatingsystemswithradiatorsorunderfloorheating
Thisgroupcoverswetcentralheatingsystemswithradiators, underfloorpipes, orfancoil
units: theheatcanbeprovidedbygas, oil, solidfuelorelectricboilers, heatpumpsor
microCHP units. Tospecifysuchsystems, set:
• the Group, Sub-group, System, Fuel, Heatingcontrols and Electricitytariff;
• the Heatemitters;
Notethatwhen Sub-group issettoHeatpumpstheadditionaloptionof Fancoil
units is shown. It is possible to combine underfloor heating with radiators: tick
Underfloorheatingalsohasradiators.
• theefficiencyoftheboiler(subsubsection 22.3.1.1;
• additional items such as load or weather compensator, boiler interlock (recommended)andifthecentralheatingpumpisinaheatedspace(affectsinternalgains).
22.3.1.1
Boilerefficiency
Theefficiencyoftheboilerorotherheatsourcecanbeenteredinoneofthreeways.
TousethePCD:
1. Selectthe Selectfromtheboilerdatabase radiobutton.
2. Clickthe Selectboiler button. The BRE BoilersDatabase dialogueopens(Figure 22.3).
3. Selectthe Boilermanufacturer fromthedrop-down. Theprogramthendisplaysthe
listofavailableboilers.
4. Scrolldownthelistandclickonaboilertoselectit. Youcanscrollsidewaysto
viewthedetailsofeachboiler, suchasitsefficiencyandconfiguration.
Theprogramonlyshowsboilerswhichmatchthecriteriayouspecifiedusingthe
drop-downsonthe Primaryheating tab. Asamanufacturerdoesnotnecessarily
offeraboilerineverycategorythedatabasemaynotdisplayanyboilers.
CHAPTER22. PRIMARY HEATING
122
Figure 22.3: UsingtheProductCharacteristicsDatabasetosettheboilerefficiency
5. Clickthe Useselectedboiler button. The Boilerdatabase windowclosesandthe
Primaryheating tabshowsthesummarydetailsforthechosenboiler.
Thereisnoneedtoenterflue, draught, orkeephotdetailsasallthatinformationis
presentinthedatabaseentryfortheboiler.
ToenteraSEDBUK valuedirectly:
1. In the Boiler efficiency section select the Use manufacturer's declared SEDBUK
value radiobutton.
2. Enterthe Make and Model ofboiler.
3. UsetheradiobuttonstospecifywhetheraSEDBUK 2005or2009valueisbeing
usedandenterthe DeclaredSEDBUK value.
4. Specifythetypeandfuelofany Keep-hotfacility.
5. Setthe Flue and Draughttype.
6. Forrangecookersyoumustalsoenterthevaluesfor ϕcase and ϕwater.
Tousethedefaultvalue:
CHAPTER22. PRIMARY HEATING
123
1. Inthe Boilerefficiency sectionselectthe Usedefaultvalue radiobutton. Thesoftwareshowsthedefaultvalueforthatboilertype.
2. Usetheradiobuttonstoenterthedetailsofthe Flue and Draughttype.
3. Forrangecookersyoumustalsoenterthevaluesfor ϕcase and ϕwater.
Notethatthedefaultvaluesaregenerallytoopoortocomplywiththestandardsinthe
DomesticBuildingServicesComplianceGuide.
22.3.2
Storageradiatorsystems
Storageradiatorsystemsareheatedwithoff-peakelectricityduringthenightandrelease
thatheatthroughouttheday. Theonlydatarequiredisthatfromtheprimaryheatingdrop
boxes.
22.3.3
Warmairsystems
Theheatforwarmairsystemsisprovidedbygas, oil, electricityorheatpumps. Theonly
datarequiredisthatfromtheprimaryheatingdropboxes, exceptwheretheheatpump
dataisenteredfromthePCD database, insteadofthedefaultvalues.
22.3.4
Roomheatersystems
Thisgroupincludesroomheaterssuchasgasorsolidfuelfires2 . Inmostcases, theonly
datarequiredisthatfromtheprimaryheatingdrop-boxes. However, wherethedeclared
efficiencyoftheheaterisknown. tickthebox Usemanufacturer'sdeclaredefficiency
thencompletethe Make, Model and Declaredefficiency boxesandselectthe BS Test
Method usedtoobtaintheefficiency.
22.3.5
Otherspaceandwaterheatersystems
Electricceilingheatingiscurrentlytheonlysysteminthiscategory. Theonlydatarequiredisthatfromtheprimaryheatingdropboxes.
22.3.6
Communityheatingscheme
Communityheatingschemesusecentralheatgeneratorstoheatwaterwhichisthencirculatedthroughpipestosupplyspaceheatingandhotwatertomorethanonedwelling.
The heat may be provided by a number of different systems, and community heating
schemesmayoftenincludeCombinedHeatandPower(CHP) systems, whichwillprovide heat and generate electricity. Appendix C of the SAP 2009 document contains
furtherinformationonthetreatmentofcommunityheatingschemesinSAP.
TospecifyacommunityheatingschemeinJPA Designer:
• set Group to Communityheatingscheme. JPA Designerdisplaysthe Community
heating sectionofthe Primaryheating tab(Figure 22.4).
CHAPTER22. PRIMARY HEATING
124
Figure 22.4: Dataentryforacommunityheatingschemewithtwoheatsources
Figure 22.5: Settingaheatsourceforcommunityheating
• settheheatsources; then,
• settheheatingcontrolsandtheheatdistributionsystem.
Tosettheheatsources:
• Clickthe New button: the Heatsource dialogueopens(Figure 22.5.
• Selectthetypeofheatsourcefromthe Heatsource drop-down.
• Selectthe Fuel fromthedrop-down.
• Settheproportionofthetotalheatloadprovidedbythatsource: enterafraction
between0and1inthe Heatfraction box.
Thetotalheatfractionfromalltheheatsourcesmusttotal1.00.
2
Someoftheoptionswillnotbeappropriatefornew-build, butareincludedforcompatibilitywiththe
ReduceddataSAP (RdSAP) usedforEPCsforexistingdwellings.
CHAPTER22. PRIMARY HEATING
125
• Enterthepercentage Efficiency oftheheatsource.
Formostsourcestheefficiencywillbelessthan100, butformaybeconsiderably
higher.
• Click OK toclosethedialogue.
• Repeattheprocedureformultipleheatsources: usethe Edit and Delete buttonsto
adjustorremoveheatsources.
Tosetthecontrolsanddistributionsystem:
• Setthe Heatingcontrols andthe Electricitytariff.
*Systemswhichrelyonflatratechargingwillusuallybelessefficientthanthose
wherechargingislinkedtouse.
• Use the Heat distribution system drop-box to specify the type of pipes used to
circulatethehotwater.
22.3.7
Electricunderfloorheating
Thisoptionreqpresentsunderfloorheatingsystemsbasedonelectriccablesinthefloor
slaborintegratedintoflooring.
Theonlydatarequiredisthatfromtheprimaryheatingdropboxes.
22.4
Additionaldata
TherearetwoitemsofadditionaldatawhichthesoftwarecollectsforproducingtheEPC
whichappearonthe Primaryheating tab:
• Separatedconservatorywithfixedheater: Tickthisboxifthedwellinghasathermallyseparatedconservatory(seeSAP guidancesection3.3.3forthedefinitionof
thermallyseparated)whichhasafixedheaterwithinit.
• Dwellinginsmokecontrolarea: Thisboxisonlyrelevantifsolidfuelissetasthe
fuelfortheprimaryorsecondaryheating. Ifthedwellingiswithinasmokecontrol
zonetheuseofhousecoalanddualfuelisnotpermitted, andwoodispermitted
foranexemptedapplianceonly. Forfurtherinformationonsmokecontrolareas
seewww.smokecontrolareas.co.uk. Ticktheboxifthedwellingiswithinasmoke
controlarea.
23 Secondaryheating
A secondaryheatingsystemisanadditionalspaceheatingsystemforthedwelling: commonexamplesaregasfiresorwoodburningstoves. Whereasecondarysystemisprovideditshouldbeincludedinthecalculation: guidanceonwhentoincludeasystem
isgiveninApprovedDocumentL1A paragraph4.12. Thefractionofspaceheatingprovidedbythesecondarysystemisdefinedintable11oftheSAP 2009document. Data
onsecondaryheatingisspecifiedusingthe Secondaryheating tab(Figure 23.1).
Tospecifysecondaryheating:
1. Setthe Group drop-downto Roomheatersystems.
2. Selectthe Sub-group.
3. Selectthe System.
4. Selectthesecondaryheating Fuel.
Figure 23.1: TheSecondaryheatingtab
126
CHAPTER23. SECONDARY HEATING
127
Ifthesolidfuelroomheaterhasbeen approvedbyHETAS1 tickthebox. Thecalculation
willthenuseahigherdefaultefficiencyfortheheater.
Wheretheactualefficiencyforasolidfuelheaterisknown, tickthe Usemanufacturer's
declaredefficiency boxthenenterthe Make, Model and Declaredefficiency. The BS
TestMethod usedtoobtaintheefficiencyvalueshouldalsobeentered.
1
HeatingEquipmentTestingandApprovalScheme.
24 Overheating
Dwellingsmustnothaveanexcessiveriskofhighinternaltemperaturesinsummerasa
resultofsolargain. ThetestforoverheatingriskissetoutinAppendixP oftheSAP document; overheatingriskdependsonthepredictedamountofsolargainandthethermal
massofthedwelling. TheresultoftheoverheatingassessmentisshowninthemainSAP
window: adwellingwithahighriskofoverheatingwillnotcomplywithregulations.
MostofthedataforthecalculationisenteredelsewhereintheSAP calculationfromdata,
sotheonlyinformationrequiredisthe Effectiveair-changerate. Youcaneithertickthe
Entervalue boxandenteradesignairchangerate, inairchangesperhour(ach), oruse
the Building and Windowopening drop-downstosetdefaultvalues.
Figure 24.1: TheOverheatingtab
128
25 Cooling
TheenergyusedforspacecoolingmustbeincludedintheSAP 2009calculationwheneverspacecoolingispresent. Thedataforthesystemisenteredinthe Overheating&
cooling tab(Figure 25.1). The Coolingfraction: theproportionofthedwellingwhichis
servedbythecoolingsystem. Thiscanbedeterminedbydividingthefloorareaofthe
cooledpartbythetotalfloorarea.
Theefficiencyofthesystemcaneitherbesettodefaultvaluesbysetting:
• Systemtype: Thesystemcanbe Splitormulti-split, or Packaged.
• Compressorcontrol: Thiscanbesetto On/off or Modulating.
• Energylabelclass: SelectA toG (with ND fornodata).
WheretheEnergyEfficiencyRating(EER) isknown, tickthe UserdefinedEnergyEfficiencyRatio andenterthevalueinthe EER box.
Figure 25.1: Settingsforairconditioningsystems
129
26 Renewables
SAP 2009takesaccountofthecontributionofcertainrenewablesourcesofenergyand
someheatrecoverytechnologies, including:
• photovoltaicpanels(section 26.1);
• windturbineslinkedtoonedwelling1 (section 26.2);
• hydro-electricgenerators(section 26.3);
• wastewaterheatrecoveryunits(WWHRS) (section 26.4);
• fluegasheatrecoverysystems(FGHRS) (section 26.5).
Thedataforallthosesystemsisenteredinthe PhotovoltaicsandAlternativeTechnologies
tab(abbreviatedto PV &AltTech, Figure 26.1). Thattabisalsousedforenteringthe
amountofanyadditionalenergygeneratedbyothermeans(section 26.6.
26.1
Photovoltaicpanels
Photovoltaicpanelsgenerateelectricityfromsunlight. JPA Designerenablesyoutoincludetwophotovoltaicinstallations, toallowforsituationswherepanelsaresetattwo
differentorientations. Foreachinstallation:
1. Enterthe PeakkW ofthesystem(obtainthisvaluefromthemanufacturerorsupplier);
2. Selectthe Pitch ofthepanels;
3. Selectthe Direction whichthepanelsface;
4. Selecttheamountof Overshading (whichmaynotbethesameastheovershading
ofthewindows);
Forblocksofflats, wherethePV outputisconnectedintothelandlordsupplythetotal
PV areashouldbedividedbetweenthedwellingsinproportiontotheirtotalfloorareas.
IfthePV outputisconnecteddirectlytoindividualflatsthenthewholePV areashould
beallocatedtothoseflats.
1
Electricitygeneratedbyawindturbineattachedtothedwelling, oronamastwithinitsgroundscanbe
includedintheSAP calculation: however, whereaturbinesupplieselectricitytomorethanonedwelling,
orisconnectedtoadevelopmentbyprivatewire, theelectricitycannotbeincludedintheSAP calculation:
seeAppendixM oftheSAP 2009documentforfurtherdetails.
130
CHAPTER26. RENEWABLES
131
Figure 26.1: ThePhotovoltaicsandAlternativeTechnologytab
26.2
Windturbines
Theelectricitygeneratedbyawindturbineonthebuildingorwithinitscurtilage(grounds)
shouldbeincludedintheSAP calculation. Tospecifyawindturbine:
1. Enterthe Numberofturbines.
2. Specifythe Rotordiameter inmetres.
3. Selectthetypeof terrain whichsurroundsthedwelling.
4. Enterthe height ofthehuboftheturbineabovetheridgeoftheroof, inmetres.
AspartoftheprocessofproducinganEPC thesoftwaremustcalculatethelikelybenefit
frominstallingawindturbine. Youmustthereforespecifythe Terraintype evenifthere
isnowindturbineonthedwelling.
26.3
Hydro-electricity
The electricity from hydro-electric units can be included in the SAP calculation, providedthetotalamountgeneratedhasbeencalculatedandsignedoffbyanappropriately
qualified engineer. The amount of electricity is entered in Hydro-electric generation
(kWh/year). Whereelectricityissuppliedtoseveraldwellingsitshouldbeassignedin
proportiontotheirfloorareas. SeeAppendixM4oftheSAP 2009documentforfurther
details.
CHAPTER26. RENEWABLES
132
Figure 26.2: EnteringdataonWWHR systems
26.4
Wastewaterheatrecoverysystems
Wastewaterheatrecoverysystems(WWHRS) useheatexchangerstorecoverheatfrom
theheatedwaterpassingoutofthewastesofshowersandbaths, andtofeeditbackinto
thehotwatersystem(pre-heatingthecoldwaterfeedtotheboilerorhotwatercylinder).
TheeffectivenessoftheWWHRS dependsonthesystemandontheproportionofbaths
andshowerstowhichitislinked.
TospecifyWWHRS inJPA Designer:
• Inthe PV &AltTech tabtick WWHRS andclickthe Lookup button. The WWHR
Database dialogueopens(Figure 26.2.
• Use the Manufacturer drop-down to select the manufacturer, then highlight the
specifiedproductinthelistandclick Selectassystem1. Repeatthisprocessif
thereisasecondsystem, butclick Selectassystem2.
CHAPTER26. RENEWABLES
133
Figure 26.3: Thefluegasheatrecoverysystems(FGHRS) database
• Enterthe totalroomswithshowerand/orbath.
• Foreachsystemspecifythenumberofmixershowerstowhichthesystemislinked
inrooms withabath and withoutabath
WWHR systemsattachedtoinstantaneouselectricshowers(IES) arenotincludedinthe
assessment. ThereforeIES shouldnotbecountedinthenumberofshowersforasystem,
butshouldbecountedinthetotalroomswithshowerand/orbath.
26.5
Fluegasheatrecoverysystems
Fluegasheatrecoverysystems(FGHRS) recoverheatfromthecombustionproductsof
condensingboilerstopre-heatthedomestichotwatersupply. TospecifyFGHRS:
1Tick FGHRS andclickthe Lookup button. The FGHRS database dialogueopens(Figure 26.3.
1. Selectthe Manufacturer.
2. Selectthetypefromthe Available list.
3. Click OK.
WheretheFGHRS hasaphotovoltaicarrayfeedingdirectlyintoaclosecoupledstorethe
PeakkW, Pitch, Direction and Overshading ofthePV arrayshouldbesetinthe FGHRS
PV Module section.
CHAPTER26. RENEWABLES
26.6
134
Otherallowablegeneration
Therearesomesourcesofelectricitywhichcannotbeincludedinthecalculationsfor
BuildingRegulationscompliance, butcanbeincludedforothercalculations, particularly
thosetodemonstratezerocarbonhomesstatus, CodeforSustainableHomeslevel6, and
fortheNorthernIrelandlowandzerocarbonhomesscheme.
Electricityfromsuchsourcesshouldbeenteredinthebox Additionalallowableelectricity generation for box (ZC6). ZC6 is the box number on the zero carbon homes
calculation(seesection16oftheSAP 2009document). Electricitygeneratedbywind
turbineslinkedtoadevelopmentbyprivatewiremaybeenteredhere.
27 Specialfeatures
SAP 2009 includes a procedure for including new technologies in calculations in the
intervalsbetweenrevisionsoftheSAP.TheAppendixQ procedure(whichisnamedafter
theappendixoftheSAP documentinwhichitisdescribed)mayonlybeusedforproducts
whichhavebeenindependentlyassessedandarelistedontheAppendixQ websiteat
http://www.sap-appendixq.org.uk. The web site has a calculation spreadsheet for the
variousproducttypes1 and, insomecases, datasheetsforindividualproducts.
ToincorporateatechnologyusingtheAppendixQ procedure:
1. CarryouttheSAP calculationasnormal.
2. CompletethetheappropriateAppendixQ spreadsheet: thismayrequireinformationontheproducttakenfromadatasheet, andmayinvolvechangestotheSAP
calculation.
3. Transfertheresultsfromthespreadsheettothe Specialfeatures sectionofthe PhotovoltaicsandAlternativeTechnologies tab(Figure 26.1), entering:
• abrief Description ofthetechnology.
• the Energysaved figure, usingthedrop-downtoselectthe Typeoffuelsaved.
• the Energyused figure, usingthedrop-downtoselectthe Typeoffuelused
WherethereismorethanoneAppendixQ technologyusethe New and Edit buttons
toaddthosetechnologiestothecalculation
Note that all the technologies which requiredAppendix Q with SAP 9.81 can all be
entereddirectlyinJPA DesignerinSAP 2009.
1
There are separate spreadsheets for different versions of SAP: make sure you use the appropriate
version.
135
28 Checkingcompliance
Onceyouhaveenteredallthedataforthedwellingyoucancheckitscompliancestatus.
Theprogramwilldisplay pass (green)or fail (red)inthe compliancezone atthebottom
rightcornerofthemain SAP window. Ifthedwellingfailsyoucanholdyourcurserover
overthe compliancezone andthesoftwarewilldisplayatool-tipwillshowtheprimary
causeoffailure(see Figure 16.2).
Click on the compliance zone opens the Compliance Checklist which lists the main
criteriatheSAP moduletestsandshowsthestatusofthedwellingagainsteachone. The
compliancecheckwindowisparticularlyusefulwhenthedwellinghasfailedononeof
thesecondarycriteria, suchastheefficiencyofheatingcontrols, orexcessivelossesfrom
thehotwatercylinder.
Youcanusethetabsatthebottomofthe ComplianceChecklist toview:
• theSAP worksheet;
• theTER worksheet;
• theDER worksheet;
• theOverheatingriskassessment.
Onceyouhavereviewedtheresultsyoucanthenmakechangestothecalculation.
136
29 OutputtingSAP results
You can print the results of SAP calculations or produce a PDF file which is ideal for
emailing. ForbothprintandPDF youcanselectwhichpartsoftheresultsyouwantto
includeinyouroutput:
• SAP worksheet: theresultsoftheSAP calculation.
• TER worksheet: theresultsoftheTER calculationforthenotionaldwelling.
• DER worksheet: theresultsoftheDER calculationfortheactualdwelling.
• FEE worksheet: theresultsoftheFFE calculation.
• Inputdata: areflectionoftheinformationyouhaveenteredintothesoftware.
• Regulationschecklist: showsthecompliancestatusofthedwellinginachecklist
whichfollowstheformatinAD L1A.
• Summeroverheating: resultsoftheoverheatingassessment.
• Energyperformancecertificate(EPC):adraftenergyperformancecertificate.
Youmustbeamemberofanappropriateaccreditationschemetoproduceafinal
EPC –seetheseparateguidancedocumentforinstructions.
• Predicted Energy Assessment (PEA): the energy assessment required for off-plan
sales.
• AssessmentofZeroCarbonHome.
Toprinttheresults:
1. Select File>Print fromthemenubar(orclickthe Print buttononthetoolbar). The
SectionsToPrint dialogueopens((Figure 29.1).
2. Usethetickboxestoselecttheoutputsyouwanttoproduce.
3. Click OK.The Printpreview windowopens.
4. Usethebuttonsonthetoolbartoviewsuccessivepagesoftheprintout, thenclick
the Print buttontoprintthepages(Figure 12.2).
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CHAPTER29. OUTPUTTING SAP RESULTS
138
Figure 29.1: SAP SectionsToPrintdialogue
TocreateaPDF fileoftheresults:
1. Fromthemenubarselect File>CreatePDF.A dialogueasksifyouwanttoopen
thePDF whenitiscreated.
2. Select Yes or No. The SectionsToPrint dialogueopens(Figure 29.1).
3. Usethetickboxestoselecttheoutputsyouwanttoproduce.
4. Click OK.The Printpreview windowopens.
5. Usethebuttonsonthetoolbartoviewsuccessivepagesoftheprintout, thenclick
the Print buttontoprintthepages(Figure 12.2). Theprogramwillthencreatea
PDF fileofthecalculation.
*ThenameofthePDF filewillincludetheJPA Designerfilenameandthecalculationname, sothecalculation Plot28 inaproject TheMeadows willbecalled
TheMeadows.JDPtilehungwall.Plot28.PDF.ThefilewillbesavedintotheJPA
Designerprogramfolderorinthestart-upfolderyouhavespecified.
Note: asWindowsdoesnotallowcertaincharacterstobeusedinfilenamesyou
shouldensurethecalculationnamesinJPA Designerdonotcontainthosecharacters, otherwisePDF creationwillfail. Therestrictedcharactersare`/ \ : *? < >
|.
Youcanchangetheprintersettingsbyselecting File>Printersetup fromthemenubar.