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Troubleshooting and Maintaining Cisco IP (TSHOOT) Foundation Learning Guide Networks Foundation learning for the CCNP TSHOOT 642-832 Amir Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240 Ranjbar, CCIE No. 8669 Table of Contents Introduction Chapter 1 xvi Planning Maintenance for Complex Networks 1 Applying Maintenance Methodologies Maintenance Models and 2 Methodologies Determining Procedures and Tools to Support Maintenance Processes and Procedures Maintenance Models 6 7 Network Maintenance Planning 7 Scheduling Maintenance 8 Formalizing Change-Control Procedures Establishing Network Documentation Procedures Establishing Effective Communication 8 9 Defining Templates/Procedures/Conventions (Standardization) Planning for Disaster Recovery Network Monitoring Fundamental Tools, Configuration Network Summary Review Chapter 2 11 12 12 15 16 Monitoring and Implementing Backup Disaster Resources and Resources and Documentation Tools Services Logging Applications, and Applications, 10 10 and Performance Measurement Network Maintenance Tools, 4 5 Maintenance Task Identification Network 1 Performance Measurement Tools and Restore Services Recovery Tools 17 18 22 23 Questions 27 Troubleshooting Processes for Complex Enterprise Networks 31 Troubleshooting Methodologies Troubleshooting Principles Structured 32 34 Troubleshooting Approaches Top-Down Troubleshooting Bottom- Up Method Troubleshooting Method Follow-the-Path 35 36 Troubleshooting Method 36 Spot-the-Differences Troubleshooting Method Move-the-Problem Troubleshooting Method Troubleshooting Example: Methodologies 39 37 38 31 Implementing Troubleshooting Procedures The Troubleshooting Defining the Gathering Problem and Eliminating Process 41 42 Analyzing Information Example on Elimination Solving the Problem and Troubleshooting and Documentation Chapter 3 Using Using Assumptions 46 the Network Maintenance Process Control 50 53 Change Control 54 56 57 Questions 59 Maintenance and Troubleshooting Tools and Cisco IOS Software for Maintenance and Collecting and Collecting Real-time Information Using Troubleshooting Telnet Cisco IOS debug ip packet [access-list-number]/defaj7] debug ip rip Applications debug Commands 73 Diagnosing Hardware Issues Using Cisco IOS Commands Checking Interfaces 77 78 Using Specialized Maintenance and Troubleshooting Tools Categories of Troubleshooting Tools Using Traffic-Capturing Tools SPAN and RSPAN 81 83 84 Gathering Information with SNMP 87 Gathering Information with NetFlow 88 Network Event Notification 91 Summary 94 Review Questions 97 74 75 Checking Memory Utilization 64 69 74 Checking CPU Utilization 63 63 Filtering Information Using Cisco IOS show Commands Testing Network Connectivity Using ping and Enabling 50 51 Communication and Review 46 Network Maintenance Creating a Baseline Change 45 47 Integrating Troubleshooting into Summary 43 Possible Problem Causes Formulating/Testing a Hypothesis An 41 81 73 Chapter 4 Maintaining and Troubleshooting Campus Troubleshooting VLANs LAN Switch 104 Verifying Layer 2 Forwarding Electing Root Port 111 112 Spanning-Tree Operation a 113 Bridge 113 Electing Designated Ports Ports 109 Tree Troubleshooting Spanning Electing a 115 Going into Blocking, or Learning, and Forwarding EtherChannel Operation 120 Troubleshooting Example: Switch Replacement Gone Bad Multilayer Switching Switched Virtual Interfaces and Routed Ports Using First-Hop Redundancy Verifying FHRP Operation Chapter 5 to HSRP Routing 127 129 Troubleshooting First-Hop Redundancy Protocols Review 121 Switched Virtual Interfaces and Inter-VLAN Inter-VLAN Routing and Summary 131 131 134 138 139 Questions Maintaining and 142 Troubleshooting Routing Solutions Routing and Routing Data Structures Troubleshooting to EIGRP 150 Verify Routing Functions 156 159 Troubleshooting Example: Routing Problem Network Troubleshooting 154 156 EIGRP Routing Review Monitoring EIGRP 149 149 Troubleshooting Network Layer Connectivity Using IOS Commands in an EIGRP 160 OSPF OSPF Data Structures 116 119 Spanning-Tree Failures Alternatives State 117 Analyzing the Spanning-Tree Topology Troubleshooting 103 103 Operation Root Switched Solutions 165 166 OSPF Information Flow Within an Area OSPF Information Flow Between Areas 170 171 126 Cisco IOS OSPF Commands 172 Troubleshooting Example: Routing Troubleshooting Route Problem in Route Redistribution Injection 179 and Redistribution Process Verifying and Troubleshooting 179 BGP Route BGP BGP OSPF and Data Structures Information Flow Cisco IOS BGP Commands Review Questions 187 190 in a BGP Network Common IPv4 NAT/PAT 211 Services Addressing Operation Troubleshooting Service Issues 211 212 Common NAT/PAT Issues 215 Troubleshooting Example: Routing Issue 217 NAT/PAT Problem Caused Troubleshooting Example: NAT Problem Caused Access List Common DHCP Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Tips DHCP Troubleshooting Example: Issues Inaccurate 227 and Commands 231 Problems After DHCP Troubleshooting Example: Duplicate DHCP Troubleshooting Example: Relay Identify Common IPv6 Routing Issues a Security IPv6 Issues Agent Issue Stateless Autoconfiguration Issue Troubleshooting Example: OSPFv3 Configuration IPv6 Troubleshooting Example: 276 279 OSPFv3 over 246 253 IPv6 Questions 238 240 243 IPv6 Troubleshooting Example: Redistribution Issue Review 233 244 Troubleshooting Example: Summary Audit Client IP Addresses 243 Troubleshooting IPv6 an 226 DHCP Routing by by a 220 Reviewing DHCP Operation IPv6 191 202 Troubleshooting Addressing Identify 183 197 Summary 6 EIGRP 189 Troubleshooting Example: Routing Problem Chapter to 187 Processing Routing 181 Route Propagation Troubleshooting Example: Redistribution from Troubleshooting 174 OSPF Network an Errors 6to4 Tunnel 270 261 Chapter 7 Network Performance Issues Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Network Applications Services Network Application Services NetFlow 283 284 286 Cisco IP SLA NBAR 289 292 293 SLB QoS and AutoQoS 294 Common Issues with Network Common NetFlow Issues Common NBAR Issues Common AutoQoS IP SLA 297 Issues 297 Network Application Troubleshooting Example Identifying Performance Issues Troubleshooting Switch on 304 Switches Switches on 308 308 Switch Interface Performance Problems Port/Interface Issues 315 317 Forwarding Hardware 318 318 Troubleshooting TCAM Problems Control Plane: Troubleshooting High CPU Load DHCP Issues 325 Spanning-Tree Issues HSRP 310 314 Troubleshooting Example: Duplex Problem Auto-MDIX 297 298 AutoQoS Troubleshooting Example Performance Issues Services Problem 301 Troubleshooting Example Troubleshooting 296 Services 296 Troubleshooting Example: NetFlow Application 296 Common IP SLA Issues The 283 on Switches 322 326 327 Switch Performance Troubleshooting Speed and Duplex Settings Example: 327 Switch Performance Troubleshooting Example: Excessive Broadcasts Switch Performance Troubleshooting Example: Excessive Troubleshooting Performance Troubleshooting High CPU Troubleshooting Switching Process Switching Issues 348 on Usage Paths Routers Issues 347 on Security 343 Routers 344 332 336 Fast Switching 348 Cisco Express Forwarding Troubleshooting Troubleshooting CEF IOS Tools to Analyze Troubleshooting Summary Packet Forwarding Memory Issues 354 357 360 361 Review Questions 365 Networks Troubleshooting Converged Troubleshooting Converged Networks to Common Wireless Integration Issues WLAN 3S0 Switching 351 Router BGP Memory Use Chapter 8 349 Process and Fast 371 Support Wireless Trunk 374 and Trust Issues 378 Connectivity Troubleshooting Example: Misconfigured Connectivity Troubleshooting Example: Duplex WLAN Connectivity Troubleshooting Example: Security Implementations LWAPP Denied Unified Communications Issues in a Converged Common Unified Communications Integration Issues Unified Communications Voice VLAN Issues Troubleshooting Example: Trunk Issues 390 Port Security Example: Video-Integration a ACL and Converged Network Issues 410 410 Topology 416 IP Multicast Video-Integration Troubleshooting Example: Error Configuration Review Chapter 9 426 431 Questions 433 Maintaining and Troubleshooting 435 Implementations Troubleshooting Secure Networks Troubleshooting Challenges in Security and Example: Invalid Marking of Video-Integration Troubleshooting Example: Performance Summary 390 405 Troubleshooting Video Issues in STP Network 399 Unified Communications Troubleshooting Common 385 395 Unified Communications Troubleshooting VoIP Packets by New 382 Connectivity Troubleshooting Example: DHCP Issues Troubleshooting 371 372 WLAN WLAN Operations Features Review Network Security 435 Secured Networks 437 436 Issues Due to Troubleshooting Management Management Plane The Plane Security 438 Securing the Management Plane 440 Troubleshooting Security Implementations Troubleshooting Control Plane Security Securing the Control Plane Troubleshooting Control Plane the Data Plane Stateful Packet Inspection 44 9 Using the Zone-Based Policy Firewall Troubleshooting Security Implementations 452 454 in the Data Plane Office and Remote Worker Branch Office and Remote Worker Connectivity Connectivity 455 456 456 Issues with Branch Office and Remote Worker Identifying 448 449 Other Methods of Securing the Data Plane Troubleshooting Branch in the 442 449 Securing the Data Plane Using IOS Securing Management Plane 448 Plane Security Securing The Data Plane in the 447 Troubleshooting Security Implementations Data 438 45 7 Connectivity Branch Office/Remote Worker Troubleshooting Example: Address Translation Error 460 Branch Office/Remote Worker Crypto Map ACL Error Branch Office/Remote Worker Configuration Error Troubleshooting Example: 463 Troubleshooting Example: Branch Office/Remote Worker Troubleshooting Routing Problem Chapter 10 Questions Preparation 485 Review of Appendix A Index 501 ACL Denies 480 Review and Summary Troubleshooting Example: 476 Networks Applying Recursive 478 Summary Review Example: 471 Branch Office/Remote Worker IPsec Protocols GRE 467 for Key Maintenance Maintenance and Troubleshooting Complex Enterprise and Troubleshooting Concepts and Tools Troubleshooting Concepts and Tools 491 Answer to Review Questions 493 488 485