Download Viper 2.08 User`s guide

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VOLUME, ISSUES&9
D
AN AR ESCO PUB L ICATION
MA RCH IAP
RIL
1980, $4.00
{ENT,N OF CONTENTS*
EDIT0RIAI...
REA,DER T/Or.,
Swan.....
..:....Subscribers.
.....2.08/Q9.03
Tom
.....
.2,08/Og.O?
CH]P-B
CHIP-BE. . . .
.
. .G Detj-11-j-eux. . . . . . . . . .,2,58/Q9.L5
.2.O8/O9,IB
...Robert T-,indley"..
Programming Hints......r.....H
C Wil-1 IV..
Invert.....
Software Changes & Other Good Stuff
George
GA}IES
IIFE....r .
.....
Programming Hints. . .
SPACE WARS Speeded Up.
.,
SIMPLE SIMON Adaptatiorr.
FIIP-A-R0UI[D.....
MUSIC
VIP
Keyboard......
. . . . .2.08/A9.24
.....2.o8/o9.2?
Tom Swan.....
. ; . .H C Will IV. . ; . . . . . . . . .2.08;'/09.29
. . . . .2.08/.09.29
. ., . .Tom,Swan. . ., .
.2.0.8/.09.30
. . . . .Tim l,ongcor. . . . .,
.,????????????.....
..Doug Wolf
BASlC
VIP Tiny BASIC Machine
Ziniew!"^..
T-,anguage
.....
.2.O8/O9.30
....2.08/09.34
Subroutine
Irittle Loops r,, r .'.
More rinv BASrc Maehine tansuas;
SHiffi::ii::.
. .z.o'/os.u3
MACHINE IANGUAGE
Extended Display Subroutine..C H
SCRT Jump Table. r . . .. ... .. ...I,eo
.\
*Due
to the huge number of articles in.this.issuer the table of
contents is continued on the back of thj-s page
2,OB/og ,oL
TABIE 0F CONTENTS (continued)
}I,ARDWARF:
Keyboard Reset | . . i . . . . . . . . . . Steve Med.win. r . r . . . . . . . ,2 ,08/Qg . 5L
liny BASIC Disconnect Switch
' Randy Holtr.,.....r.,,.,2,08/09.51,
Expanded RO-lt{ Monitor.. r . . o . .Randy Holtr . . . . . . . . .,,,,2,08/09.52
MISCET,I,ANEOUS
IIT Owners.Tom Swan...r....r..:....2,08/O9,tz
Changes To. VIP-FIOP. . . , . . . . . Carmelo0ortes . . r . . . . . . . .2 .08/09 ,13
A Tretter To PIPS
Set Caffy/Clear Carry! r.....Tom Swan'.... e.,. r., r...2.08/.09.36
.....
Correctj.ons For Back Issues..........
2,08/09,42
Rrblisherts Noter r...,.. r...Terry Laudereau... r. ..,,2,Q8/09,42
USER NEWS
New York Atnateur Cornputer
Club... ... . .. .. .. .,., .. . ..2,08/09,36
ADVERTlSING
,,.2,08/09,50
Non-Corunereial..,.......
.....
(Hardware
ARESCO "Going Out Of,
) Business Sale" . r ! . . ,2.08/Q9 ,5O
...... ...
..
.
,.,2.08/09,06
..
,...
RCA...
pages
See also
t4, 26, 31, 32., and 33
Entire Contents of vIPER Volume 2 (L979h980) is eopyrighted
by ARESC0, Inc. r P 0 Box 1t42, Colurnbi-a, MD, 2L044.
c
Inc. is not affiliated in any way with RCA, and RCA is
not responsible for the contents of this newsletter. VIP is a
registered trademark of RCA Corporation.
ARESCO,
is published ten times per year by ARESCO, Inc. fiOj
Golden Hook, Colurnbia MD 210&lt, and rnailed to subscribers on the
last day of each month except June and Deeember.
Subscription pri-ce is $ZO for all 10 issues (a11 past and firture
issues) of the cument vo]-ume. Non-USA subseribers should, add
$10 for alr-mail del-ivery,
Second. Class Postage paid in Columbia MD 2LOl+5. USPS zJo}-Jjo
ISSNr 0L99-t566. POSTMASTER: Please send all address ehanges
to ARESCO, P 0 Box ttl+zr Columbia MD 2t044,
Readers shouLd NOT correspond with RCA concerni-ng VIPER nateriaf.
THE VIPER
.
z,o]/og,oz
EDITORIAL ''THINK DIGITAL''
by
Tom Swan
I've been sitting here staring out the window, occasionally
adding my entry in a paper airplane contest wit\ a littLe b9y
downstairs who was hurt playing soceer; If only the big ciruela
tree were a few feet more to tfre right and if onfy f coulA get a
little nore lift, I bet I could keep a tiny paper plane up for
over a minute considering how high we are from the ground.,
Then I asked myself a question I ask at least 20 times a day.
have to ca16u1ate
"OouLd a computer help?-" We1l sure. YoffiId
paper size, weiglrt, lift, d.esign, things like that and maybe a
computer could help lead to a superior paper airplane. 0n second
thought, I have more important things to d.o so I suppose I'11
stick with the desigr my brother David showed meo Sti1l a VIP
could graphically plot wing shapes, etc. It's an intriguing idea.
I, am sure there are plenty of VIPers and other computerniks
sitting in front of iheir-video screens mentally scratching the
insides of their craniums for something to do witn the things.
Just as I an positive there are thousands of writers staring out
their wi.ndows wond.ering what.to say next. '(Can you hear me
clearing my throat just
now?)
come up with progranming
What's a good way to
ideas? The best w&5rr
I think, is to ask that question "Could a computer help?" Ask It
even if it seems silly. Look sideways and upside doran at things.
But always "think digitaf" and keep TIIE QUESTION in the back of
your mind. Next time a paper airplane flies past you'll find
yourself running for the run switch, a light bulb (f,nOf) burning
brightly
above your
Naturally I think the VIPER is an excellent source of programming
inspiration too. That's why we're d.oing what we do, but to really
keep the light bulb lit, we need to hear fpom Sour
Starting tod.ay, I'11 keep a list of ideas sent in by readers to be
published in fuIl a couple of months from nowr If everyone sends
in one, idea for a program that they don't have the time or experience to write for themselves, werd end up with a digital pooJ.
of id,eas. just waiting to be keyed hexadecimally into memory. I
think this would be preferable and for sure more creative and
productive than for me or anyone to write the whol.e list, fhen,
if y9g find an idea you'd like to tackle, w€ can publish the
results hereo
Remember, think digitalt
2 . AB/09
.03
I read Phil Sumnerrs letter this month (see Reader T/O) with great
concern" Phil- wrote to say he noticed a shift from general
interest articles in the vrPER toward PrPs rerated material.
Since f arn the author of the series and am now editing the VIPER
as well, I fear that Phil and other readers may get the erroneous
impression that Tom Swan is somehow "taki-ng over."
In no way is this true. I certainly didnrt accept'the position of
editor with any intention of furthering my own special interests,
fhe reason I got involved with the VIP in the first place was
because it ains at an audience generally interested in learning
more about computers whatever a personts special interest nay be.
The VIPER will eontinue to focus the bulk of its articles on that
audience.
There is another side to the question. I have noticed several
past issues of the VIPER whicli were slanted toward other special
interests, so much so that they were not of much use to me eithert
For exampler a hardware packed newsletter does Little for someone
who occasional-ly forgets which end of the soldering iron to hold,
I am arl incapable fumble fingers with a circuit design and articles
that discuss electronics in detail just arenrt my cup of tea" But
the articles deserve to be published,
The sarne holds true for other concerns. Last month|s features
were definitely slanted toward owners of the Tiny Basic Board.
The 0ctober issue was particularly hardware oriented. There have
been musj.c issues. Others may have been weighted heavily toward
LS}Z maehine language businesb and I seem to remember a time when
computer_held the gpotlight. (And VIPER readers nipped
Il".Elf
that one in the bud properly! )
But whatts the answer? Should we refuse to publish an article
unLess it is total-ly general in nature? I hope not ! VIPers are
a diversified lot ana-tne newsletter must necessarily reflect the
va{ied interests of its readership, The fact is r there will always
be some material in any publication which some readers may not
find interesting or useful or even comprehensibleo To someone
else, that very sailre article may contain answers to questions long
since given up as lost causes. Damned if you do and damned if you
donrt publish ito
I do agree, howeverr that no speeial interest -- hardwar€r
assembly language or PfPS should be allowed to gain the upper
hand. The purpose of this editorial is to assure Phll and other
non-PIPS readers that I will pay speeial attention to including
general j.nterest material in ea6n anA every issue of the VIPER;
Each issue should have something potentially useful to €verlorrer
AIso, I am a great believer in the adage that the facts speak for
themselves. To that end, I conducted my own survey of the last
four issues. Just' how much material has been publ-ished which
requires some special knowledge, hardware or book in order to be
used? I define general interest as any article containi.ng software
-
2
,oB/09
,oLt'
that wiLl rwl on an un:nodified VIP without a ke3i',board or other
plug in peripheral. (I did not eonsi,der memory; liuritation'since
I+f VfpS ire practically the standard rlowr ) A special interest
article is the opposite of that, artd of course PIPS related
articles are of an obvj.ous nature. Reviewsr r€adors letters and
advertisement were not included. Thoug[ most of these are probably
general in interest they are not alwalrs' general in subject and
would, only confuse the results. Here are the results of the
survey fon VIPER, Vol 2, issues 4,516, and 7.
per cent of total r 75"Q/r.
PIPS related articles r 3
r
per e ent of total . - 52,Q/g
General interest
10
per cent of total r. "!,6d
Other Special interest r 6
T0TAI, fr-ffi
TOTAL - E
There seems to be approximately JOy'o of general interest material
and 501" of special i-nterest material in the last four issues "
(52,6y'o vs, 4?,4% to be exact") In the February issue aloner the
results arer
PIPS related articles - L
General interest
- 3
Other Speeial interest - I
F5
per eent of total r
per eent of total F
per cent of total- r
TOTAL
The percentages are less significant for a
it is a case of 20 per cent or nothing for
TOTAL
-
20%
60%
20%
6T7'
single issue because
a single article out
of five.
Ird appreciate some feedback from other readers on this. What do
you ttrink of the balance presented in VIPER and how should the
baLance be kept? How mucir on one subject is too nuch? Or 4g you
want to cut out g!! special interests here? Let's hear your
conments and try to arrive at a workable solution.
To PhiL Sunner, thanks are in order for pointing out a wealsreqs in
our publishing policies. Though we are not engaged in any active
shift toward any special interest groupf it is true that the
balances are leit swinging in the wind. If the wind doesn't
happen to bLow your way then you're out in the cold. and that's
WfOfI$o
Ore final comment is to renind everyone that I don't rya4t to
to
write fiost of the material nyqelf. We are more than happy
pubtish a3-1 the general interest articl-es we receive .E but we
have to receive them to publish them.
We all look forward to hearing your comments and are c onf ident
that the outcome will 'be a better newsletter for all l
2.OB/OT,O5
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Expansion Kit for VP-1 1 1*lncludes
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VP-711 VIP-The originalVlP Microcomputer
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VP-44 RAM On-Board Expansion Kit-Four
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memory to 4K
VP-590 VIP Color Board-Converts VIP to
color. Four background and eight
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bytes
256 programmable frequencies. For
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lncludes
VP-550 VIP Super Sound Board-Turns your
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VP-575 VIP Expansion Board-Provides 4
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VP-576 VIP Two-Board Expander-Allows
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VP-601 ASCII Keyboard-1 28-character
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VP-61
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VP-620 Cable:Connects ASCII keyboards
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VP-700 VIP Tiny BASIC ROM Board-BAStC
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VP-710 VIP Game Manual-Listing for 16
exciting games. . ... ..
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VP-720 VIP Game Manual-tl-More excitino
ASCII / Numerrc Keyboard-Same
as VP-601 plus 16 key numeric
keypad
to VIP
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VP-580 VIP Auxiliary Keypad-Adds twoplayer interactive capability. 1 6-key
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VP-585 VIP Keypad lnterface Board-lnterfaces two VP-580 Auxiliary
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VP-576 expander, demo cassette
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VIP EPROM Board-lnterfaces two
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2 ,OB/09 ,06
5
Dear VIPER - My recent telephone conversation with you confirned
my suspicj.ons that the parity bit from the new RCA keybodrd
creates probJ.ems. in fom Swan's ASSEMBI,ER-3o Your suggestion to
cut the MSB lead will fix the problem but I have an i.nherent
dislike (chicken-heart) of cutting foil on printed, circuits.
Applying the following software changes to fom's EDI[0R-21,
modification for keyboard 1 or 2 will also do the job,
Fgf Mojifipation
Address
oo 3L
0o 3z
00 33
30
CB
00
For Modificallo.n #
#1
Address
0O 2D
Branch to
002F00c8
r spare - 00 2F
\
30
c8
00
For both Modifieations
Addres s
00c8
0o ca
00cA
00cB
00cc
00cD
FE
F5
5z
B8
3o
B3
SHt ;Set
MSB
to
0
SHR
;Put comected code in staek
PHI ;Put in RB.1
STR
BR iBranch to
0083
is taking the input byte that is in D register and
shifting it left to drop the MSB. It is thenshifted right to
restore-the original daia except that a / is placed in the MSB'
Since the original byte was stored in the stack (ne;, the
corrected byte needs to replace it and this is done at address
The program
00cA.
It is possible to make this modification by adding only 3 bytes
but it .requires some rearrangernent of the existing program
I assume you have the modification from RCA on adding a DPDT
swltch-to the Tiny BASIC board so that CHIP-8 can be used. without
pull,lng the board. I did make that modification (driltea holes,
cut foilr laid down with a wet rag on my head) and it works very
well. - Bob DeHaven
Dear Bob -'RCA pulled a switcheroo on their ori-ginal design and
ny modifications were constructed on the prototype RCA keyboard
that Rick Simpson sent me. The same problem may show up in my
"Step by'Step" article and elsewhere when ASCII codes are compared
in software. In the lnterest of keeping standards standardr I
will continue to use nonnal ASCII codes in my programs that neqd
them. Another possible fix would be to logical]y AND all input
characters with hexadecimat $?f to set the most significant bit to
zeroo Frankly, I dontt see the purpose of the parity bit anywayr
and if you are not squeamish about eutting a foil trace, I suggest'
you do j-t.
[om
2,OB/Og.,O?
Dear Rick and Temy:
I had hoped to write
this letter in an optimistic mood, with
constructive comments, inputs of my own, or maybe even a new
article (yes, I'm still- thinking of that!). But over the last
few months, I have read each new issue of VIPER with a growing
sense of dissatisfaction; with the arrival of the February issue,
those feelings turned into dismay.
Whether you reali-ze it or not, the VIPER has largely turned into
something that I. cannot use, and neither ean other people like
rl€o As a relative beginner, I passed up the opportqnity for the
PIPS seriesi I wasntt interested in becoming a programmerr and
in fact am just now l-earning machine language progranming. But
now I find that the VIPER is shifting so that PIPS FOR VIPS is
a necessity if Irm to use the VIPER material. The perfect
example of this is the Ki]Ier Robots game, which uses many of
the routines from PIPS. But I canrt use it, and neither can
anyone else who didn't buy PIPS.
I think you have some hard decisions to make. Either continue
as you seem to be going, turn the VfFER into a programmer's
newsl-etter, and accept the inevitable shrinkage in circulation
as people decl-ine to renew. Or sh.ift the VIPER back to nmning,
a respectable amount of general interest articles and information
that are usable to all your readers, not just the programming
elite. By definition, this would mean that some articl-es and
prograrns must be revisi.ons or extensions of previously published
material (Vfpnn or RCA manuals) r or they must be complete and
self-containedq Care to put the vote to your readershrp??
Note that you run the same risk in printing programs for the
accessory boards such as super sound. That would also bother
rrrer but I havenrt noticed enough of that to be real1y objectionable.
There usually was somethi.ng in that issue for me also. I guess
my basic beef is that the something for me has gotten l-ess. and
less lately.
Enough of ine negative stuff -- time to think positive. I
basically like the newsletter in its present form, with contents
out front and'regular features. I do have reservations about
Tom Swan as the editor
the newsletter may lean even more toward
programmers as a result; the newsletter's also in very real d.anger
of becoming a one man showt and I basically feel that editors.
should mainly editorial-ize and only occasionally write. But I'm
more than wil-ting to wait and see how it works out.
To get back on the positive trackr l-et.me hit you (and whoever
else you care to invite to the "party") with a couple of ideas
(or downright challenges, if that's what it takes to get someone
interestedl.
1; "It's about time that the VIP became useful for something
other than a toyr galrei or hobby. The next most logical
thing to d.o with t[e VIP is to make it into an educational
device, especi-a1Iy for math -- why not now? The software
multiply anO Aivihe routines are avaiLabLe; so are routines
for disbfaying any combination of di-gits " Conversion '
,
,
2.OB/O9.oB
between hex and decimals may be a problem when handling
large numbersr but that "problem" should be solvable.
Handling of negative numbers may be more of a problem.
Why cantt some of our elite programmers put such a package
together? 0r
maybe
put at least part of it together,
as handling negative decimal numbers?
such
2, There is a definite d.earth of logically written
explanatory material on machine language prograrnning, Why
canrt someone put together a manual on the topic? The
machine language equivalent of the VIP User's-Guide that
Terry did? I would be very willing to collaborate on such
a nanual I think I can contribute in some waysr and can
act as a trial filter for most of the rest. And if you
wait long enough, I might be able to do the whole thing,
Some of the natural- pieces for such a manual are surfacing
in my work nowi Irm the Astro Electronics instructor for
the Microprocessor System Design laboratorf cours€r Rick
is probably
familiar with C1I/CL1L' the fundanentals courset
what I rm teaching is CL56, which goes much deeper into a
lot of interesting topics r Ij-ke machine language, Individual
pieces of the manual could be published in VIPER as they are
generated, then they could all be collectedr reorganizedl and
edited to produce the manual. I have the first draft of sueh
a piece nowr something caIled "A Universal Machine Language
Branching Technique"r whj.ch discusses a handy software
technique that every real progranmer larows but every beginner
has to find out the hard way. And there are other potential
topics rieht behind it.
This letter has gotten too long alreadyr Xet! For the next orr€e
I won't wait so longl Thanx for everything - Phil Sumner
Phil - You're absolutely rigfrt. And. we hadn't even noticed. the
shiftl It is people like Vou, who give us substantial constructive
criticismsr offering new ideas & solutions, that keep VIPER on
trackl Thank $our
I see VIPER as an information exchange. People write about things
theyrre interested in. We "pretty it up" and make a lot of copiesr
then send copies to anyone who is willing to share the printing
& mailing costs. - Terry
VIPER I have a'VIP with 4X A Color, I am also a ha,u radio
operator. I would like. to interface the VfP to a circuit to beaLle to recej.ve morse code and display it with the VIP. I am not
sure where the output of this A/D converter would connect to the
VIP. My larowledge of machine language is not all that good to be
able to convert their coding to the VIP. ff you or anybody you
know of could help me on this it would be greatly appreeiated. I
would thlnk this could be of great value to many VIP users as well
as.the many ha.rns that could be interested, Ihank $our Ted Bratcher
Dear
2,OB/og,09
- Sorry but Irm not a ham (though some would disagreel)
In your letter you also ineluded a c-opy of a circuit taken from
nEUlri-r-'gazine". Because I assume that diagrarn is copyrighted by
the publisher of REMark, I did not include it here as ygu requ-ested.
Sti11, if any readers respond with similar interests, ff1l be happy
Dear Ted
,t!,,,,,1,i,1,8,,,fiF,l,,,,W,I,',ll'fi,f,ll.iL,,I*f,ll",l1li,il,:,,,,.,,ff**\i,,,li[,"S*lifr'?:L**#l[::i::ii:r:i
Dear VIPER I'm very impressed with your publication. I soon
Sopg to publish my Vfp-fBOe mini-assembler- in the VIPER.
The assembler is designed. to work in a standard VIP using the
hexpad. This means that hexadecimal op cgdes must still be
used.. Ihis plus the lack of a4y macro capability means I
havenrt written a true assembler. My mini-assembler wi1I,
allow the writing of (Ahhhh) futty relocatable source
codel fhe assembler will-support the use -of labels and/or
absolute addressing. AII branches and subroutine caIls to
labels will be resolved. In addition, code can be assembled
to run any'place in RAM using a simplified ORG directive. Keep
up the good work. - Steven Blasni-k (P,S, Tom Swanrs rel.ocatable
,-however,
PC change was
beautiful!
)
...P..e_+f....$.!_-e.y-e..t...:...![e....Lp.p.h...f9ry.?.r9.....!.-o_...r._e_9.9.lylng..y-.og.f
...1F.p_-e_T.npl9.f :....:...T.o..*
- San Hershts Editor is especially nice but should be
relocated to the highest page ryith a iump to it a! 0200! - Then
you can rUn a progran in CIIIP-8 by loading all but the first two
bytes at O2O2, chebking and editing then replacing the junp-to at
o2oo with the first two bytes and run. (Maybe it would take a
long branch and four bytes, but you get the idea) r
Alsor I have a VIP for sale. It includes 2K RAM' Tiny BASICT
inproved RESET-RUN switch, 2 digit hex display on outport port,
I bit binary LED display for output, Cortes audio output ?.np,
switch for,Tiny BASIC, all cables for TV & cassette, AC power
supply, a stack of documentation 3 to 4 inches thick (inCtuairrg .
g}I-Vfpnn issues), & original
shipping cartons" A11 this for a
SZ-oo cashier's check.
One more thi.ng. Tiny BASIC needs an OUT statement/command" (a11
BASICs are weak on this, I think). Who says you'lI'neVer warrt to
get somethj-ng out on the output port? I donrt favor any sehemes
for POlGi.ng around with machine language routines to accomplish
thiso I'm working on a hardvrare fix for it" Anyone interested?.
Dear VIPER
2,OB/og.to
arn experiencing some difficulty with my \IP-700
.Tiny BASIC. Sometimes my machine nms through a 60-Key loop
without a key being depressed. I wond.er if any of your readers
Dear
VIPER I
a similar problem and found. a solution?
Keep up the good work and thanks for any he1p. .- Jerry Krizek
have had
Dear VIPER - My'system is a home brew t8O2 resenbling the ELF'
however, I have made modifications to it as well as the CHIP-8
such that my machi-ne is indistinguishabJ-e from a VIP o I saw my
first VIP a few weeks ago and was pleased with nyself as to my
simulation.
Your newsl-etter (magazine) is a constant source of enjoprent both
wife" At some point I will send-you
for me and non-computerist
-ot oNE-DTMENSIONAI
LIFE (nnn, Jzlzr p68 (i9?8))
my oHIP-8 version
and PAPER, SCISS0RS, STONE.
I have implemented. Charlie Mc0arthy's (Vfpnn, May '?g) Hi-resolution
graphics and was very pl-eased with it. I hope to see some software
support in Vol-ume-?-or to eontact Mr. McCarthy directly. - William
GiLbert
- At one time I had contemplated writing a CHIP-8
version of LIIE but ended with a machine version because of speed"
Thanks for your Jetter and we look forward to seeing your prograrns r
Dear trlilliarn
Tom
VIPER In the Nov. t?9 VIPER (2,o51 , Tom Swan reviewed Tiny
BASIC and commented. that there were no provisions for machine
language additiorls. I received one of the early boards (it only
cost me $Z9t ) and had the same frustration. I called RCA, talked
with Joe Rudy, and discovered that there re. a way to get at least
limited rnachine language capability. Andy Modla of RCA Princeton
Labs had written a way to achieve thisl I called him and got the
instructions with the r.mderstanding that he intended to send it
to VIPER to be pubJ-ished..
I have used this approach with my Tiny BASIC board, and it workst
I get the feel-ing that these directions could be modified to
provide a multipLe number of machine language subroutines, but I
haven't had tim-e to look into i-t. Perhaps someone out there might
want to dig into this further. - Randy Holt
Dear Randy - Someone Ellready has I See the article "More Tiny
BASIC Machine Language Subsi'by C.D. Smith in this issue. - TomDear
Dear VIPER - Having 3scentlf installed. a home brew RAM board., and
stomping on a fair-share of hard.ware bugs in the proeess, I thi.nk
the following modifications to the Memory Test Progra"ur in the VIP
Manual (VIP-300, p.32) may be useful to 1802-ers iri testing
erratic
memori-es.
z.oB/09 ,11
Changlng the error-trap to provide a dynamic, r4ther than static,
display can reveal "iffy" address lines. fhis change flashes the
error location continuously" and the tone is suppressed since
havlng hardware problems is annoying enoughl
oo6c o? FB Fr 30 6c (rast byte @ oo?1)
In ny case, this revealed nultiple simultaneous access within the
1K under test I it can be determj.ned from the screen which IVIA
lines are fadlty.
Not trapping errors is also us'eful in observing overall behavior
in the tK under testr x€v€Bling faulty add,ress linesr, un-€h&bled
chlpsr oF chips not write-enabled' or which fail to respond to
signals. These failures are observed as vertical solid lines
coiresponding to the bit-width of the chip (4 uits tor 2714s, I
for 21O1sr etc.) for enable problems. Dead address lines will
show as horizontal lines; a combination of enable and address
problems will show as squares or cross-hatch. To disable the
trap,
change 0054 to '38'.
Fortunately, my board is rururing nicely, thank youi with the exception of t-2114 with a bad bit, all problems were bad connections'
either sold.eredr or the more insidious pin-to-socket contact"
- P. V. Piescik, Cuddly Software
TO
PIPS ITI
from
Tom Swan
A LETIER
OWNERS
Welt, it's humble pie time. ltrlhen I wrote the Reversi type game
VIP-FLOP for PIPS FOn VfpS III, I thoueht I knew how to-pfaf tfre
game. I have a good friend who used to teIl me, "Tom, !flgl
assume that you lorow anything." (Roy -- you were rigfrt-Eg4ln.)
Not having the box version down here in Burro Land, I relied on
a sketchy Creative Computing article and one match played at a
computer show as the basis for the game rules. As many of you
have rightly pointed out, I made one lovely boo-boo. My head
hangs d.own in'sharne and I print here one of Terry laudereau's
farnous "sighhhh's "
a long'n .
My mistake was to assume that moves only need to be ad.iacent to
any piece in order to be counted as Iegal. The correct rules
require that at least one opponent piece be flipped for the nove
to be legal. When there are no 1ega1 moves possible, the player
must forfeit the turn.
Now for the good n€ws.
CARMELO CORTES TO THE RESCIIE !
(con't)
2,OB/O7,A2
Dear Riek and Terry,
I,'ve enelosed my correeti ons to the VIP-FLOP game. Also I rve
ineluded a routi-ne that allows you or the computer to forfeit
a turn when there are no e-eql moves left.
Unfortunately, beeause of lack of room you ean no longer ask the
eomputer to suggest a move for
Now when you press KeV C t
you are f orfeiting your turn " [ou.
I hope Tom comes up with a better change than mj.ne, this way
can have ny forfeit and computer advice too!
Thank you
Carmelo Cortes
Thanks, Carmelo, The modifications listed below work fine and
the only improvement I can think of is to, as you suggestr make
the forfeit automatic so that Key C will work as before" I'11
give it a t"y, and if I have any success, publish the results
next month.
They say "To err is human." Sometimes I wlsh I was a computer!
(Guess which one.)
CHANGES TO VIP-FLOP
03 6c
5n
7o
4E FF
15 ln
T3 BC
-L
0390
--
o3EA
F2
o3F5
FE
'lF
o3D2
T3
EA
4A FF 13 F2 ?4 Dll
26 c4 13 66
D
gz
rreFF13cB3ufinBl
T3
B2
13 F5
13 E6
rF
877
0
F5
oaic BD f,z
8ll AE FB
Bc 32. gE
eu fls FB
9C 32 FB
A4 FB lz
AC
82
o aFe
FE
AD F8 FF AF FB FF
zlt A3 D3 g+ FB Ft
3fl e4
BF 3z
9n 56
3A 85
FB 2t+ A3 D3
9F gA FB 9t
8D
1F
57 1E 8E
8F FB Fz
aA
3fl F5
NB E1
D3 DC
A3
F8 FF
F8
A6 56 Dll FB FF A6
55 b+
Dl DC FB E5 A3
II
ogEl
Eg
//
?,08/og,
13
PRELTMTNARY
ffing Point forBAslc lnterpreter
Mlcroeomputel
the Vp-711
VP-701 BASIC is a full-sized BASIC interpreter for the VP-711 or Expanded Vp111 MicroOomputer. This BASIC includes features that up till now were only
dreamed about by .VP-711 owners: one and two dimensional arraysi string
variables string f unctions; machine language subroutine calls; plus FLOATING
POINT MATH with trigonometric and transcendental functions.
VP-701 BASIC contains over 70 statements and functions including custom
tailored commands for use with the VP-590 Color Board and the VP-595 Simple
Sound Board. VP-701 BASIC provides video mapping of 16 characters by 11
lines.
VP-701 BASIC is RAM-resident, requiring a minimum of 16K bytes of memory
for the interpreter plus RAM for program area. VP-701 BASIC comes on
cassette tape and includes a user guide.
NUMBER RANGES
Floating Point:
decimal digits)
lnteger:
t
t
1.7014 x 1O t
S,32 bit (approximately
COLOR
6
2,147,483,647, 32 bit (10 decimal digits).
VARIABLE TYPES
Numeric (Simple) A-Z
Numeric (Dimensioned) A(1) - Z (256,256)
DIM Statement required. i.e. DIM A(100, 10)
Size of arrays are limited by memory.
When used with the VP-590 Color Board, VP-701 BASIC
can program the video field for color. The color statement
by itself will sequence through 4 background colors. When
parameters are included after the color statement, the
foreground colors can be set to the colors listed below. The
color field is broken Ltp into 8 blocks horizontally and 4
mirrored 32 bit blocks vertically.
COLOR CODES
- Black
1-Red
2 - Blue
3 - Magenta
String A$ - Z$
Up to 96 characters each.
FLOATING POINT VS INTEGER
All numeric variables default to floating point. To define
variables as integer use DEFINT X statement which sets all
variables through variable X to integer. To change variables
back to floating point reissue the DEFINT command.
(DEFINT with no variable resets all variables to FLT. PT.)
During input VP-701 BASIC converts all numeric entries
into an internal format to facilitate program exocution.
GRAPHICS
VP-701 BASIC also contains special commands to utilize
graphics and color.
The video display is arranged as a rectangle having 64
elements horizontally and 128 elements vertically. The
graphic commands COLOR and SHOW have their origin
(0, Ol at the upper left-hand corner of the screen.
The PLOT command has its origin (0, 0) at the lower lefthand corner to facilitate an easy transition from ordinary
cartesian coordinate geometry to the video screen surface.
RcA Microcomputer productslNew Holland Avenue
Lancaster, PA 17604
2.O81O9.14
4 - Green
5 - Yellow
6 - Cyan
7 - White
0
VOCABULARY
ABS
ASC
ATN
CALL
CHR$
cLc
GET
GOKEY
GOSUB
GOTO
HIT
PRINTER ON
PRINTER OFF
PSAVE
PT
READ
IF
REM
CLD
INPUT
GLS
INT
COLOR
INUM
RESTORE
RETURN
RND
RUN
DATA
DEFINT
LEN
LET
LIST
LOG
SGN
MEM
STEP
STORE
cos
DEFUS
DIM
DLOAD
DSAVE
END
EOD
EOP
EXIT
EXP
FIXED
FNUM
FOR
FREQ
KEY
MID$
NEW.
NEXT
PEEK
PI
PLOAD
PLOT
POKE
PRINT
PRINTAT
SHOW
SIN
SQR
TAB
TIMER
TIME
TONE
TVOFF
TVON
USR
WAIT
I
CHIP-
8E
by Gilles Detillieux
I
It seems that everyone has oome up
Many of these would be very useful
with extensions to CHIP-8.
but obviously they could not
all be incorporated in a 5t2 byte i-nterpreter. This gives rise
to many incompatible systems.
,
The approach I took was to rewrite the interpreterr taking the
following points into considerati.on
1) It should be cornpatible with all- prevj-ously written
CHIP-8 programs" Execution should. begin at 0200 and all
instructions should remain unchanged. (with the exception
of BMMM and 004e which are rarely if ever used in any
r
CHIP-8 programs*.
)
2) It should be readily adaptable to various ISOZ machines.
3) It should incorporate T/O instructions.
tl) fhe ad.ded. j-nstructions shoutd be useful enough to warrant
their implementation in the interpretero Less useful ones
(or those used less often) can be handled as machine
language subroutingF.
interpreter, which I call CHIP-ffi (for extended), features the
followj-ng new instructions r
My
OOED
STOP
Replaces filIer at location 00ED with instruction
23 DEC R3. Since R3 is the program cowrterr
execution stops at this point.
ot57
WAIT FoR TIME IIP
Examines content
00
OOFz
of timer and exits once timer
equals
NO OPERATION
UsefuL for deleting instructions in a program.
Executes a D4 SEP R4 at 00F2, which makes it return
to fetch the next instruetion.
O18B
sxY,t
SKIP
Unconditionally skips next two byte instruction.
IF vX>vY
,^+:^* if
ir r,r,
I greater than
VX is
Skips next two byte instruction
SKIP
vY.
*So
far, the only CHIP-8 program I have seen which uses an
instructj.on not a.rraiLable in CHIP-8E is "VIP Bowling" in the VIP
Game Manual. This prograrn contains a BJJA instruction at 0538,
In this case, the new F01B instruction can directly replace it.
2.OB/O9 , L 5
sXY2
MI = VX rVY
Transfers variables X through Y to memory. Works
like
FX55o
sxY3
rVY = Mf
Load variables X through Y
Works tike FX65.
BBMM
BRANCH BACKSIARD MM BYTES
BFMM
VX
Go to current instruction
vrPER 2 ,01 . 11 )
with data from
memory.
location minus MM; (See
\
BRANCH FORI/fARD MM BYTES
Go to current instruction location plus MIvl , (See
VIPER 2 ,01 . 11 ) ( nn00 and BF00 are non-terminating
loops
)
= VX
Content of VX sent
FXO3
OUIPUT
FXlB
SKIP VX BYTES
Skips amount of bytes
If VX is 00, the next
to output port l.
(suustitute for old
indicated by content of
instruction is
executed.
VX.
BMMM)
FXI}F
TIUIE = VX; WAIT FOR TIXM UP
Sets timer value of VX then waits at OI5I r-rntil
FXE3
VX
timer is 00 '
= INPUI
Waits for st-,robe at EFE then reads c ontent of input
port 3.
FXET
VX = IIIPUT
Reads content
strobe.
of input port 3 without waiting for
listing for CHIP-8E, (tisting t), is for the VIP" For use with
a different ISOZ system, modification will- be required"
If you are using the system described by Bobby Lewis, make the
The
changes shown in listing II.
If you have a kelpad at input port 4, and an IN button, (like the
EIF II and SIIPER ELF) make the changes shown in listing III.
If you have = keypad at input port 4 which provides a key-pressed
strbbe at ffi make the changes shown in listing III, using 3E instead
of 3F and 35 instead of 37,
If your keypad is different than the systems mentioned abovet VPU
wiLl have to rewrite instructions FX0A at locations 010A to 0114'
and EXgEr/A1 at Locations 019F to 01ADo
I hope this version of CHIP-8 wilt satisfy the need.s of most people r
and perhaps introduce a measure of standard.ization for extended
CHIP-8 interpreters.
.
Listing I
CHIP-8E
o0oo c4 gt BB FF 01 82 96 F8 CF A2 F8 oo 45 F8 02 85
oolo F8 81 81 F8 &6 A1 90 Bl} F8 1D A4
30 E0 E2 69 96
oo2o B? E2 94 nC 05 F6 F5 F5 F5 32 t+2 FE FC 45 AC 45
oo3o Fg Fo A6 05 F6 15 n5 F6 F9 F0 A7 4c s3 0C A3 D3
(Cont.
)
2 . OB/og.L6
oo4o
0050
oo5o
007
00
o
80
00go
ooAo
00Bo
0oc0
00D0
080
1F
00
01
o7
AD A7
32 9B
L5 3o
3z B5
32 c5
F8 FF
98 BF
4z A5
o4 +5
22 DC
30
75
65
52
9F
83 45 30 3E oo FA
DA 01 AE 01 9T
01 01 o5 FA oZ BE
FE
FB
gD
85
DoAS%BTBZ32
15 BD g? Z6 B? zE
oo Ec FB Do a6 93
45
D7 OO
F8
FB
FE FE F1 AC 9N
BC gA
A3
3o
A7
02 FB
01 A? 46 F3 5C
01 A? o6 F3 5c zc
n5 B? 56
F8 FF AF
rz p4 Lt,s 56
01 83 01 8B 01
01 EA 01 D1 00
3F n'5 r'5 r'5 zz
BF BA AF I+5 FA OF
z? 4r' BD 9E AE BE
BF 9D 56 16 9? 56
BD 32 Do zD o6 Fz
a? 32 c9 1c o5 Fz
Bc Fc oB Ac 38 AA
45 n5 rlr 56 o& oo
zF 30 E5 23 4z,B5
45 A5 85 FA oF 85
00 F3
01 cA
o6 FA
$
D4
g4 5F BF 32 F2
ooFo
D4 t5 85 22 73 95 52 25
A3 n5 I z6 plr 98 56 o4 FB BT BC F8 95 AC
o 1oo
0110
T2 56 D4 o5 BB p4 o6 A8 Drl n6 t5 30 EE n5
0 120 8A r4 AA 9A 7C 00 BA Oll 00 FE 81 BA O6 FA OF AA
0 130 oA AA o4 1A 1A EA FB FF AE AF o6 FF 5Lt, 1F 33 38
o t4o Fc 54 FF oA 1E 33 4z Fc oA 73 BE ?3 BF 5A o4 o6
o150 88 gB 3A 5r D4 22 85 52 FB FO A7 07 5A 87 F3 17
o16o 1A 3A 5B rz D4 zz 86 52 FB FO A7 oA 57 87 F3 L7
o17O 14 3A 5n Lz ob Lt,s Z6 ?6 i3 e5 TE o? 38 8ll n5 FT
01 80 38 B8 D4 45 n6 F3 3A 82 t5 t5 o4 45 n6 F3 3A 88
otgo D4 Ll,5 o7 30 Bc 78, 22 87 p4
52 B6 A? 33 5e 30 58 t+5
o lAo r'5 n5 6z z6 33 49 36 BB
3E BB ol} oo oo 45 FA
0180 0F 3A n6 o? 55 D4 AF 22 FB D3 ?3 8F F9 Fo 52 n6
o 1co 07 D2 56 FB FF A6 gb ?E 56 p4 LI 5 AA 86 FAOFBA
o lDo Dll L9 89 AE 93 BE 99 EE r4 56 z6 n6 r4 ng 56 L+5
01E0 F2 55 o4 3F E3 3? E5 n5 5n p4 E5 85 FC 01 85 38
o lFo F9 rb A5 95 ?C oo 85 z5 o4 F7 A5 95 ?F oo 3A r'6
0
Listing II
(for
oooo FB 07
0 011 0E
0108 0E
0124 0E
o 1A2 6Z
o 1A5 7?
o 1A9 3F
000
0011
oo 14
0 104
0
01 2A
0
141
::
CHIP-8E Modifications
system desciibed by Bobby Lewis, VfPER, March '?9)
OX
r-
n5 3F
a
II
3FAA
( CttIP
-B
patch no longer required )
tisting III CHIP- m Modif ications
(fdr ELF II and, SUPER nlF. )
(ox is display page)
(High ad.d,ress- for Interrupt routine )
(frow address for Interrupt routine)
oB 3? oD 6c FA oF 56 P4 oo
(High address for Pattern table )
zz 6d, o5 F3 rz FA oF 33 BE 30 85
2
,oB/09 ,L?
II\MERT
by Robert Lindley
The vrP will seLect nine randon digits, one through nine, and
dispray them. These numberi are not d.uplicated, 6ach
elactry.once. Th" _object of the game is to try to getappears
!-our line
of digits in order before the vrp puts its rini: in drdel.
A possible starting display might be:
\
27936 Br5t+
27936 Br54
INVERT
YoU
ME
If you press key 6, the new display is:
639?zBr54
972368r54
INVERT6
YOU
nm
As illustrated, everything from the left end of the row to the
given key number is inverted. Al-so the vrp seleets its own
inversion. The serectioh made by the vrp uses arl efficient
algorithm, but it does not take full advantage of natural ordero
In the case of a tie -- you win.
The program was coded in a sirnple straight forward mannerr The
main program is first and is mostry cal-rs to subroutines to do
the work. There is one r.mique thing in the program, it uses a
pai-r of subroutines (sgw ana nnsrn) to save and restore the
memory poj.nter. Thi-s neatly solves the problem of using one
poi.nter for both data array reference and display refererlcer
LISTING
/z/il
SIART
6z
'/t+
/6
6Ll.// -- Sigrral first
-r Do RNDM
2266 -- Do SHINV
-- Do SHROIU
T{z E22BB
Do WINLS
221E
l,lEXT
I
ilB
3\6f,
ile
dc
ilE
L/
T2
*
76
1B
1A
1C
1E
r
RNDMI
D-
pass of
game
Test for start new game
r2:,/g -r Go to SIARI
22DC F- Do GETIN
23/2 --. Do S}IR OI/'I
A3F8 -- YOUR
n26 -- Do DOINV
2376 -- Do MYCHS
A4gg -- MINE
n26 -- Do DOINV
12/6 -- Go to NEXT
Alll B -- rEMP
?,o\/og .1 B
-*r
Fzzl
22
R1t
z4
z5
II
II
r-
2E R2t
/23/
eilss
?
tlt
3Lr/
32
It+
38
I22E
6r,fu
R3:
--r
ri
-rI
/zt+g
4z
44
out array locations A to
Increment loop
Exit on 17 count
\
GotoRZ
-- Start loop c ount
Get random # / to F
-- femp - restore array origin
-l-
-I
II
Add
I-
offset
--a
III
FBlE
46
elss
&B
llA
A3F8
L-
rlr
--
Add offset
Store
YOUR
- Player array
Add offset
FBlE
Fl 55 -- Store
A&1 B -- Temp r Scratch Pad array
Add random offset
FClE
Ll,C
I-
llE
/25/
52
54
56
5B
Il-
Zero to mark as selected
Store
55 -Increment loop
?nf,t
y,/s
Exit loop on 10 count
6lf,/
-ar
Ffr
IT
Ir-
5A
5c
Go to R3
I23B
ddnn -- Return r
'6b//
I-r
sHrNVr
6n$
A3DA
DDE5
6t+
66
6B
6e
?D66
A3E/
6c
DDE5
5n
?Dl6
e3n5
f,27/
DDE5
7z
?D/6
Z4
?6
7B
A3C2
DDE5
?Dg6
A3EC
DDE5
74,
7C
7E
ilzgl
g2
A3F2
Bll
DDE5
B6
ilf,nn
?Dl6
trtINl,S:
-r-a-
II
-rr
9 random # selected
X screen l ocat i,on
Y screen location
I
N
-=V
--E
IIR
--T
-I
6:Dgfl
-n
BA
5n1B
-T
BC
3BgT
L2A5
BE
?,ero
-- Feteh random amay el ement
Ltflll
Try again if zero in array
r238 -- Go to R3
ALliB
MIIYE - Computer amay
3E
/26/
6z
B
FClE
F665
3c
5E
ccgF
A41
3A
BB
--l
I-r
7
2B
2A
2C
l6
Start loop e olult
Fg 55
Put / to 9 in array temp
Increment loop eount
//t
Exit on 10 eount
3,//s
I222 -- Go to R1
6//fl
Set z,ero to store
5Me,
Start. loop at next loeation
6//il
Return
X screen location
Y screen location
-- VB=1 means player wins
-- Go to MYI/UIN
2,OB/O9
,r9
/zgl
9Lt'
DDE5
96
9B
gA
A3DA
DDE5
?Dl6
gc
/zal
A3Eg
DDE5
ah
I2C2
MYIUIN
I
3c6t
7Dfl6
BB
BA
A3CE
DDE5
BC
7Dg5
A3C2
BE
T'IXIT
g
CA
CC
CE
A3AA
DDE5
?Dg6
DDE5
o4
n6
DDE5
D2
?Dl6
aSe6
GETIN I
DE
/znl
E2
nll
EB INPUT I
EA'
FB
FA
FC
FE
--S
E
-t-
/lsn
new
game
-- Return
-- Y
0
--U
zndc
DB
DA
r'6
D-0
A3F,f, -rr
/znl
F2
SHYOU
for key - start
-- Erase screen
//E/
ggEE
c6
rll
--
Do
L
rddA -- Wait
I
CB SHYOU
/zpl
-tE
-F
DDE 5
c4
EC
EE
a--
DDE5
e6
n6
\
Go
-I
sw/
B2
nll
Indieate end of game
to TUXIT
VC= f means computer wins
Return for no wi-nner
--l
22CB
A3CB
DDE5
?Dfl6
/znfl
N
-r-
/lna
AB
AA
AC
AE
DC
--I
acn/
A2
/zcl
C2
hI
?Dl6
9E
A6
i- Do SHYOU
22CB
e3o4 --
92
Return
Ir-
-- X screen position
6nM
Y s ere en pos it ion
uLtilg
Do not erase on first pass
T2EB -- Go to INPUT
r4z9
DDE5 -- Erase prior input
5D2B
-I
-t-
pzds
|z'fr/
1zEB
8320
z 266
ttlait for input key
Try again if zero
-t-
-t-
Go
-tF
F-
Gttr/
8242
32/fl
128
F3
B
-r-
-t
zg
DDE5
Bt+34
ITI
to
v3-v2
Add 5
--t
-t
IIYPUT
Skip if key (
Go to INPUT
Show
10
eurrent input
2,OB/og . 20
itti6z
'gLt,
SHR0h[
r
i6
fl8
gA
pos
pos
ition
it i on
22C8 -- Do SHYOU
6D/g -- X screen pos
6AilB
Y sereen pos
ition
ition
F3'tg
T2
Mla --
fi
2356
7Df,2
18
A3BC
DDE5
1A
1C
1E
DDE5
gFNE
z5
DOINV
?B
2A
D01
r
r
g39z
/t3/
6tlF -?$I
flnn
F11E -r/5s
t6
sltl
t3zA
3B
3A
52/F
3c
rgr
3E
D02
7
? AgL
r
4z
TTFF
alll
Ll,Ll,
B
46
ll8
F21E
Ff,65
4a
ilteE
llc
4E
F11E
Fg 55
3LgL
52
D;11,fl
lt5/
DISPN
5B
5A
I
/finn
6c6L
6t'/t
F11E
DSr
/tez
f,l9E
Ff,65
6t9z
5/tf,
56
58
6CFfl
Fg29
5A
DDE5
?Dfl 5
5E
-I
Return
Do save
r save memory pointer
Start loop counter
Inerement eounter
Do RESTR r restore memory pointer
Add
array offset
Feteh eI ement
-- Temp - amay origin
Add array offset
-- Store in scratch array
-- Exit on number mateh
Go to D01
-- vz=/
Increment array pointer
-- Inerement dest j-nation pointer
-- Decrement array pointer
-- Temp amay origin
-- Add offset
Fetch array element
Do RESTR - restore memory pointer
-- Add offset
Store element
f est f or end of count down
-- Go to DOz
Return
Set wirrner flag
Set array pointer - loop count
-- Add offset
Do SAVE r save memory pointer
-- Do RESIR - restore memory pointer
Feteh array element
Do SAVE r save memory pointer
Test for number match
-r
A41 B
F11E
Ffl 55
3z
It+
6c
-I
I-
2E
64
--M
-r-
2c
/xg
5z
MINE
Do DISPN
43C2 r-E
2t+
5E
I-
?D/6
/tzl
22
5c
Do DISPN
I-
-I
*
5Ll
r-t
cd
?D/2
6E
56
-- Return
X screen
-- Y sereen
-- YOUR
BB
/c
/t+g
66nn
'6bdd
6E'd/
A3F8
2355
-I
-I
-F
-t-
-a-
a-
-I
-a-
II
T-
-tI
I-
-Ir
FI
III
Reset wirrrrer
flag
array number
?$L -- Increment loop c ount
a-
Show
2,Oa/09,2L
ltz fl
?6
78
MycHS
MY:
r
7A
-I
/tBfl
B2
B4
ts-
E-
B6
BB
-E
BA
BC
E-
BE
E-
SA\E
/lnn -I
93
94
e5
97
AF
9B
99
5F
1F
gA
98
gc
RESTR:
FB
AF
-F
el
n&
AA Yr
AC
AE
o:
PLO F
STR F
INi'
F
SEX
2
-- GHI 6
PHI F
T-
AA
Ag
F
LDI 9/
-- GLO A
-- STR F
-- SEP I+
4r'
A7
AB
fl/
-E
E-
E-
LDI 9/
PLO F
LDA F
-- PHI A
-- LDA F
-E
E-
PLO A
SEP 4
BBsil
zdz,d
z'flfu
?/88
BBBB
s6
u:
BC
M:
BB
BA
wgg
BBBB
BBBB
?
BE
clt
-r-
BA
t6
C6
I-
llr'
e&
A5
GHI 6
PHI
-- GHI A
E2
96
BF
A1
A3
-lEI
5F
/vl
/tcl
c2
efl
o4
9F
e&
E-
BA
9D
/n/
B2
-E
BF
FB
Return
-- SEX 2
E2
96
gA
9E
-F
Go
Return
-aI
7E
9Z
to DS
$/A -- P oint to top of array
73FF -- Decrement pointer
ALl/B
MIIVE - array origrn
F3rn
Add pffset
Fil6 5 -- Fetch element
g;/tl -- Look for sequence mismatch
Go to MY
L37 B
V1 =vfl
ul/
ALtdS
MIIVE - array origin
e{es -- Skip over el ement zero
Fg6 5 -- Fetch el ement one
g;/tl
Look for mismatch
Invert at next s equential #
WM
-I
f,6nn
7C
/sgl
-- Test for end of array
3LgA
L35E
7z
?4
Bgg
BBDB
A BBB
E:
CB Lr
BBl/
FB86
rdria
F,Bdd
Bltil
z,ag/og, zz
\-
/lcA
cc
CE
/3Di
Sr
Dll
Wr
8BB8
A8A8
DA Ir
?gzg
DC
DE
?
8d8d
ea//
D2
D6
D8
9n/
n5
?lil8
F/F/
5///
2,il2,fl
N,
///
88C 8
A898
8,2
Elt
7 8Bg
88//
v:
B888
Rr
F 8BB
EE
/rlFZ Tr
FSAd
Fll
FBzfl
zdzd
E8
\frffi
EA
EC
r'5
.
edlfl
z'fl//
,qa ffiffi:
PROGRAMMING HINTS
by H.C. Will IV
"Patching" is a term used by programmers when they wish to get
'something
they missed into their progran. This is accomplished
by doing a jr.mp (or call) to a location where the missing
instructi,ons are stuck in. This is useful when you mS.ssed one
of the first instructions.
After conpleting a progran' save it on tape and then use one of
the VIP drawing prograns to create a message or picture that you
want to be -displayed. Reload your program artd save it and the
display page on tape. From then on, whenever you load that
progra"n from tape r Vour message or picture will be displayed at
the end of the load. Remember, when designing your display, that
you must leave room at the bottom of the screen for the monj.tor
to display the ad.dress and the contents of that address. Since
the display page must be saved along with the program in one shot,'
this method will cause all recordings done this way to be the sane
length (i.e. 8 pagbs for a ?K nAU Vtp).
Hint - when you aoirt lqlow how many pages to load of a progran on
tape, try load.ing 15(f) pages, Even if the progran is only one
or two pages long, the entire length will be properly read j.n.
Stop the tape when the tape light and Q signal come oDr - Tom
2,OB/09 , ?3
SOFTWARE CHANGES AND OTHER GOOD STUFF
by George Ziniewi
BMMM
in
ez,
CHfP-B
to be the index for the braneh r
To a1Jow any variable
change
:
to EZ
F/ to BD
01A4 from FB
A5
s FXF2 code in Vol I , j-ssue 10 ( page ? )
you can eontrol the starting variable for FX 55-65 instruCtions
and. let any variabl-e be added to the BMMM ad.dr€ss r
Then using John Berurett
The
following
FXF2
BMMM
EYE, E]E
sequence
r
will
work
I
-- RD.O=VX
-- ttlhere X = variable to index wlth
CAPTAIN
.
Give the Figure Shooting at Moving Target better
seoring a hit by giving him .an ele r
02AC
chanc
es of
from 7C to ?4
CHIN UP !
Correct the faee in Dot
oll0C from 84. to 86
Dash
REVERSE VIDEO
is a MLS (Machine language subroutine ) to swap aIl- bits white
to black and vice versa. Just caLl with the instructton /U// where
M is the page address of the IIILS. The routine can be entered into
any memory page beginning at byte /f.
98 REvvD r GHr RB
r Load display page ( s ) start
/vt//
01 BC
PHI RC
02 FB 01
LDr #t
rload. # pages (of or aZ)
Oll AD
PLO RD
05 FB 00
LDI #O
rload display start address
07 AC
PLO RC
0B 0c REVV1 LDN RC
; Get display byte
Here
!
2,OB/O9
, 24
Irrtlg
OB
0c
OD
OE
;"
FB FF
1C
8C
3A 08
1,1+
Dl+
";-;;"
2D
8D
;;;;"
#$FF
INC
GIO
RC
RC
RC
DEC
RD
BNZ REVVl
3A 08
10
11
72
xRr
STR
5c
GIO
RD
BNZ REVVl
SEP nII
;;;;
;
i Invert
lPut baek
;
Loop
till
done
All pages done?
;Return
I
;";;,,
f) A hardware Reverse Video for fuLl sereen instantaneous reversal.
It will use three chips and four bytes of software.
Z) CHIP-8 courpatible music (approx" 30 bytes) with the slmtax;
A_l point to music string/f,_; Bo to music MLS. No display
off commands required and. one byte incLudes frequency and duration
ending the string with f,F, A 60hz interrupt beat provides
interesting effects. AIso, there are 15 preprogra^uuned frequencies
in the look up tab1e.
CHIP-8 single-dualjetc. TexLdisplay with control connands.
3)
(Less than e pages incl-Uding charaoter-map). Included wil"l be l+5
characters with home, line feed' carriage returnr tone, delayr
wait for keyl and user defined controls,
4) Time Lapse Controller for electri.ca1ly operated movie cameras.
5) Simple control for up to 8 electrical- appllances.
6) Adventure style galae where you hunt for treasure.
7, Sinple CHIP-8 Character Designer
8) Color 0rgan, Standard CHIP-8 color control, real Kalied.oscope.
9) MLs tibrary
EDITffi'S N0mr Georger you really have some good ideas. Thanks
for the modifications and the above inspirationst - Tom
2.OB/O9 ,25
vP-551
Four-Channel Super Sound
Expansion Package
Four Channel Music Synthesis
For The COSMAC MicroComputer
N
Four lndependent Sound Channels
Note Frequency, Duration & Envelope Control
Data Cassette Wlth Two Music Programs
Four OctaYe Range
Versatlle Four-Channel Soltware
\r-i
The VP-551 Four Channel Super Sound Package includes a VP-551 circuit board, a VP-576 Two
Board Expander, a data cassette with two music programs and an lnstruction Manual.
You will be impressed with the music playing capability of the COSMAC MicroComputer Super
Sound with this added four channel synthesis. Each channel can be programmed for frequency and
note env€lope independently. You can create four part harmony or a melody with chord
accompaniment or the illusion of several instruments playing at once. Tempo is adjustable with an
on-board potentiometer.
The all new four channel software allows you to transpose your songs up or down over a two octave
range a half step at a time with just the stroke of a key for each half step! But that's not all . .. program
up to eight songs at one time and select any song, select any sequence or randomly play any of the
programmed songs. You can continuously repeat the songs or you can play them through once.
The caref ully written, well organized manual shows you how. lt includes a source code listing;music
tables and addresses, and as an additional bonus, the classic, Fuga of Bach, as a programmihg
example.
Operation of Four Channel Super Sound requires your VP-71 1 or expanded VP-11 1 MicroOomputer,
your VP-550 Super Sound board and any stereo systern.
2.O8/O9.26
[RG/L yj:l*fl'puter
ITFE
by
Tom Swan
Plenty has been written about the game of IIFE. For references
see Scientific American, 0ctober t97O where the gaae first
appeared in Martin Gardner's.column on page t?O, (f was lucky
to find a mint condition copy of this issue only last year tuclced
away in a corner of a used book store" I held ey breath as I
paid the too-good.-to-be-true price of 5AQ or so,) If you can
find a copy, check out the RCA ad on page 55, It's a public
rel-ations thing about "... a monster. The computer." entitled
"Are they for us or against us?" Computers d.o "exactl1i'what they
are told, " says the ad, 0h yeah?
John Conway invented LIFE. Computers proved that Conway's simple
rules of living and dying have practically unlimited research
possibilities. Each cell in the two dimens j.onal world is surrounded
by up to eight neighbors. The cond.itions of those neighboring ee1ls
plus the cell und.er consideration determine whether that eell will
live, die or be born on the next generation of all cells.
The rules are!
if a living cel1 has exactly two or three neighbors
1 ) Survival
it will go on living
2) Deaths if a living celI has four or more neighbors it will
die from overcrowding. If a living celI has one or no neighbors
it will- die of loneliness. (Can you stand it?)
3) Births if a non-livi-ng (empty) cell is surrounded by exactly
three neS.ghbors, a living ceII will be born in its place. Else
it will go on non living in the next generation.
The VIP display is the world of LIFE. In this version the world
is actual.ly spheri.cal with each edge and corner joining the opposite.
This provides complete wrap around, and some unfortunate collisions
occasi.onally. White bits iepresent living cells while dark bits
are the non living or empty oD€s.
Whgn ygu. flip to run, any pattern previously placed into memory page
$0400-$04FF will be acted on according to the rules of LIFE. You
are actually seeing two separate pages because $o5oo-$o5fn is used
for page switching to smooth out the animation. The program will
run with 2K of nemory of rnor€.
You may enter patterns using the write mode of the VIP operating
system- to depoBit cells into the world at $o4oo. A better way is
to use ong of the video drawing prograrns. The one in the VIP manual
will do, but you must enter the folLowing change so that the drawing
is d.one on page 4.
0238 fron 0J to 04
Even better would be to eombine the two progr&rlsr but this has given
us hours of fun in this forrn. Actually I forgot about this progran
and just found it on the bottom of a pile of papers. It was ny
2 ,OB/Og . 2?
first machine language program written about the same time that
the VIPER was having its birth pains, springing into I,IFE.
LISTING
0000 go
10 B6
20 3t
00
30
tlo A?
50 FF
6o FF
?0 D6
80 3t
9O FE
AO
Bo
FE
3t
Co Dll
DO FE
Eo All
Fo 76
oloo
Z6
83 A5 AA AC AF FB 81 81 FB 46
BD FB OI} B? BA BB BE F8 05 BF
A4 FB 11 A5 FB 01 AD FB 2C A3
5F BF FB FF 3A ?E AF BA FF og
DD BA FF 01 A7 DD BA FC or A7
07 A7 FB oB AD DD BA FC 09 A7
oB A7 BA FC oB AE 95 FE FE D6
A1 FB o2 Bz n4
FB FF A2 E2 FB
D3 6g 3B 1F FB
A7 DD BA FC .07
FB oB AD DD BA
FB oB AD DD BA
B5 FB T5 t6 07
F8 15 A6 oE D6 FB 35 All oA D4 FB 5t A& o& FB
A4 o? D6 oE D6 oA D4 FB 5t A4 Dll FB 3r a4 0?
FB 3T All o?
D6 OE FE D6 OA FE DI} FB 5T AI} D& .57
A4 DI} FB
FE D6 OE FE FE D5 OA FE FE DIl, FB
A4 o? FE FE FE D6 oE FE FE FE D6 oA FE FE FE
F8 5I All Dll FB 3t A4 07 FE FE FE FE n6 OE FE
FE FE D6 oA FE FE FE FE D4 FB 5t A4 D4 FB 3t
o? z6 ?5 z6 ?6 D5 oE z5 z6 z6 ?6 D6 OA 76 Z6
Z6 D4 FB 5r A4 D4 F8 jt Atl 95 D6 FB T5 t6 07
Z6 Z6
3B
1F
00
T3 gF
2A
10 15 F6
zo 4o 1A
30 00 00
4o 9A
50 30
0158 olFF
D6 FB T5 A6 OE Z6 z6 Z6 n6
15 1C FB 5t All n& FB 3r all
30 35 oo 0o 0o 00 00 FB
0o oo F8 00 83 00 00 00
73 5o ?z BA B? BE BB FO
00 00 00 00 00
:: not us ed.
0 200 D3 a? r'6 95 ?E 85 30 oo oZ FE 30
10 D3 FE 38 t5 1C FE 38 L9 1C FE 38
20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
30 D3 FE 38 35 1C FE 38 39 t5 FE 38
oz5o D3 85 FB oo 32 58 Bc FB oz 32 6o
6o 0F FE FC 01 5F FB 00 A5 AC lo 50
OA
BA
00 B3
00 00
15 38 rL
FC 01 33
00 00 00
00 00 00
BF FB OO
03 00
10 1C
00 00
30 1C
AA AF
0c 00 00
30 10 oo
00 00 00
30 30 oo
Bc FB 03 3A 5n
oF FE 30 64
2,OB/09 ,28
PROGRAUIMING HINTS
by H.C, I1UiII IV
(in voice) on tape, before each program, the pr.ogran narne,
number of pages and the place where documentation and/or directions
cart be found (tfris aids in the location and use of taped programs
and the VIP Monitor overtooks peoples voices)..
When debugging CHIP-8 programs put a D//f instruction in place of
a current instruction to see if it is being executed. If the
instruction is being executed, junk will appear on the scr€€rrr
This i-nstruction can also be followed by a "jump to itself"
instructi.on. This type of debugging aid is helpful when trying
to find out which instructions are being executed, if they are
being executed and in what order they are being executed. It
also aids in finding out whether "SKIP" instructions are "SKIP"ing
or not. A jump to the beginning (or end) of the prograrn can also
provid.e the same results. An even more interesting implementation
of this debugging tool is to call an assemb-l,y language subroutine
that in turn does a jurnp to the monitor (89f,9) so that you can
look at where the CHIP:-8 variables are stored. This "tool" is
Record
referred to as a breakpoint.
SPACE WARS SPEED
by
UP
Tom Swan
The following modifications to Space Wars in PIPS FOR VIPS I
will cause the phasor fire to go faster. It also speeds up the
target's ability to take evasive action, so watch out!
038E 1582
; Go to Patch #t
-o3Bl+ I58B
osie
7A
o5B2
84
85
88
BA
r
Go t o Patch #Z
FB IULS TOGGLE subroutine switches
FB ; CHIP, B interpretQr between
D4 oo ; h Lgt/I ow speed,.
FB oo BF
r
05?6
r
AC AF 0F
663F
Dgo
0576
OOEE
- switch to high speed
from phasor sub
instrueti-on
;Patched
Patch
from
Return
#t - go f ire phasors
;
MLS
TOGGLE
CALL
- switch to low speed
r
( instead of iumping
subroutine
from
Return
r
CALL TOGGLE MLS
back
2,OB/09 , 29
SIMPI,E SIMON ADAP TATI
ON
by Tim Longcor
There was a printing error in the original code of the Simple
Simon game by Pete Kellnerr'VoI 2, Issue 2t at Location 032C.
It should be 5780 instead of 3780, After I got the prograrn
runni-ng' I decided I would add skill Ievels and a\ time limit
for responding.
At the beginning of the game hit key 1 through 4 for whatever
The winning sequences are
skill level you would like to try"
8r L4, 20, ana 25 respectively. - If you take longer than 4
seconds to respondr you will Iose. The speed of the game now
increases after every fifth note rather than every note" The
rest of the program operates the same as the origi.nal.
03?6 56fi
03 50 23ro
0288 I2C0
0200 1332
037 B vZtg
0352 6505
0354 ? sFF
03?A 56Lg
02D6 1382
o 20 B I20C
o21A 22BA
0230 ry\ C
0232 23rc
0234 r2o4
0274 12?6
02?6
D6B
o2BA 55rr'
o2Bc F5r5
O2AA
T2B2
o2B2 F 5o7
o2B4 35oo
0286
0332 FooA
0331t 690A
0336 4oor
o33B 69oA
o33A 4o 02
o33C 6goE
o33E 4o 03
o34o 69LL+
WLt
z
4oo4
Wt+t+ 6g1A
Wt+6 22Eo
o3ll8 6600
o34A L2O2
o34c 57 90
o34E ooEE
0356 22t+o
o35B 35oo
035A 1354
03 5C FooA
035E 4ooF
o36o Izoa
0362 4ooE
0364 2320
0366 13 5c
0368 4z o 5
o35a 660 5
o36c 4zoA
o36n 660A
o
03? 2
037
o3?4
o37C B15o
o37E 811E
03 Bo r27 A
o3B2 23to
o3
84
r2oo
47op
66oF
42il+
r2gg
FLIP=A-ROUND
This game shows the numbers 1 througlr p in a random sequence.
The object is to arrange them in order from Left to right in
the l-east nunber of tries. An example of how the program works
is as followsl Suppose "2?Il+85396" is the starting sequenceo
Pressing key J will give you "84t725396o" Note tfrat only tne
first five numbers "f1ip-a-round." After a few triesr fou will
begin to catch orrr
o2oo 6o oo 6I oo 6z oo A3 oF F2 55 A2 F2 Fg 65 A2 FC
CB 03 CC 06 BB C4 llB oo T2 T4 A2 FC
10 F9 55 6A oo lro
20 FB 1E F0 6 5 0o !2 711, A3 06 FA 1E 7A 01 Fo 55
2 .OB/O9
,30
oz3o
llo
50
6o
00 A2 FC FB 1E
oA 4n oo rz 4o
BB Eo 6n 0o A3 05
Fo 55 7E FF 3E 00
FB 1E FB 55 A3 rz
FA 33 30 01 T2 EE
L2 EE l4 05 T2 EE
L2 EE 38 09 L2 EE
6o
FE
70
80
go
AO
Bo 30 a7 rz AC FO OA
co 6z 0D A3 o6 Fo 65
Do Fll 1E l4 09 72 C4
EO D1 z5 77 05 A3 TT
FO T2 llo oo 01 02 03
F0
55
BC EO
3A og
FB 65
L2
54
3r
6n oA
Fo 65
A3 o6
A3 o6
02
a6
EE
EE
FE
1E
35
22 BA
00 E0
F0 zg
6L 28
Fo 65
o& 05
72
L2
rz
Lu
5e 00
22 BA
Bc D5 3F 0o 12
A3 17 7D 01 FD
FB 1E FB 65 A3
FB 55 7A 01 A3
32 03 12 EE 33
16 0? 12 EE 37
6o oo 6t lro
12 00 00 E0
D1 25 77 05
6z 18 A3 10
F0 zg D1 25
o5 a? oB og
F1 18 70
6U. oo 6r
&o
1E
T2
OF
ol+
OB
01
o9
Zb 01 A3 o6
Fo 65. Fo z9
00 EE 22 BA
XX XX XX xx
ASCI I encoded keyboards
as low as $esl
The RCA VP-601 keyboard has a 58 key typewriter format for
alphanumeric entry. The VP-61 1 ($t S additional.) offers the same typewriter format plus an additional 1 6 key calculator type keypad.
Both keyboards feature modern flexible membrane key switches with
contact life rated at greater than 5 million operations, plus two key
rollover circuitry.
A finger positioning overlay combined with light positive activation key
pressure gives good operator "feel", and an on-board tone generator
gives aural key press feedback.
The unitized keyboard surface is spillproof and dustproof. This plus
the high noise immunity of CMOS circuitry makes the VP-601 and VP-61 1
particularly suited for use in hostile environments.
The (eyboards operate from a single S-volt, DC power supply, and
the buffered output is TTL compatible. For more information contact
RCA Customer Service, New Holland Avenue,
'
Lancaster, PA 17604.
Or call our toll-free number: 8(Xl-233-0094.
rrGfl
'Optional user price. Dealer and OEM prices available.
2,OB/O9
, 3L
vP-3301
PRELIIVIINARY
INTERACTIVE DATA TERMINAL
M icroprocessor
Gontrolled
Color Graphlcs
Low Cost
ASCII Encoded
Programmable & Resldent Character $et
This professional quality terminal is suitable for a
wide variety of industrial, educational, business and
personal applications requiring interactive
communication between computer and user.
Microprocessor intelligence and LSI video control
integrated circuits bring performance, features and
flexibility at low cost
The character display format, 40 characters by 24
lines or 20 characters by 12 lines, is software
selectable. Each character or all characters may be
displayed in one of eight colors (or gray scales on
B/W display). Display background may be one of
eight colors (or gray scales on B/W display). There
are 125 resident displayable characters or you can
define your own characters - Greek letters and other
foreign alphabetg, graphic symbols, large graphics
building blocks, playing card suits, unique character
fr:nts, arrd "little green men". Reverse video feature
creates visual emphasis on single or multiple
character, words or lines.
The terminal communications interface is industry
standard asynchronous RS-232C or 20 mA current
loop with six switch selectable baud rates. Switch
setgctable configuration control includes line/local,
upiier case only, f ull/half duplex, data word
formatting, plus two control code options.
A built in tone generator, used for aural keypress
feedback, can be programmed for end-of-line bell,
error messages or even music.
The terminal utilizes modern flexible-membrane, key
switches with a light positive activation pressure.
Contact life is rated at greater than five million
operations. A finggr-positioning overlay combined
with the positive keypress action gives good operator
"feel". The unitized keyboard surface, impervious to
liquids or dust particles, combined with high noise
immunity CMOS circuitry make this unit particularily
suitable for use in hostile environments.
The base band video output can be directly
connected to a 525 line color or black and white video
monitor or with RF modulation to a standard color
or black and white TV set. A wall receptacle type 5 volt
650 mA power supply is included.
IRG/il THffifl'PUtEr
2,OB/09,32
lnlrrtctlvr Dete Trrmlnel
Sprdllcrtlonl - [PnllmlnrryJ
VP-3301
KEYBOARD
Formrt 58-key typewriter format
keys (Switch clorures).
- includes
two user-dofinable
INDICATORS
to Sond: LED on when "cleer to send" trus, acts as power on
Glur
indicator when "cloar to send" not used.
Brll: 250 m sec. audible tone.
Erron Beeping audible tone indicate input or output overrun.
Kry Swllchor: Flexible membrane, polycarbonate material.
Rollovcn Two key.
Urr Drllneblo Kryr: Two SPST switches (30 V, 0.1 A, 1 W max.).
Kcy
Lllr:
Greater than S-million operetions.
DATA FORMAT
Audlo: Onboard speaker gives aural keypress feedback. Also
provides bell and error indication. Programmable frequency.
Codr: ASCII (American Standard Code
for
lnformation
Cherrctrr Sol:
Standard Ugper/Lower Gase - 128 codes generated:
95 printable characters
selectable.
CL Drtr
33 control characters
Brrrk Kry:
-
102
codes gonerated:
Causes continuous transmission of binary state zero.
DISPLAY
Scnrn Formrt Software selectable,
24 lines of 40 characters or 12
lines al 2O characters, one page of data.
Chenc'lcrFont 5 x6 dot matrix in a 6 xSblock, descendersfor
lower case characters.
Roldmt Cherrc'lor Sot S2-upper and lower ceee alphabetic
characters, 1 O-numerals, 32-punctuation and math characters, 31 control characters (Switch selectable control character display for
program m in g convenience).
Urr Drflnrbh Chrnclon: Any bit pattern
in a 6 x 8 character
block may be set with a command control sequence. A total ol 125
characters may be defined at one time.
Cunon Blinking revorco video. May be set to mid-blinking or
turned olf with a command control soquenco.
Rrlr:
1
10, 300 baud; switch selectable.
Gontrol Slgnrlr: Request to send (output signal), clear to send
(input signal), EIA RS-232C compatible.
DATA FORMAT - RECEIVE
tcthod: Asynchronous; serial-by-bit; serial by character.
Codc: ASCII; 1 start bit,7 data bits, 1 paritybit-ignored, 1 or2stop
bits.
todc: Switch selectable.
EIA Drtr Reto:110,300, 1200,4800,9600, 19.2K baud; switch
selectable (Clear to receive signal must be used for data rates
)
300 baud).
CL Drtr Rrlr: 110, 300 baud, switch selectable.
Chereclcr Relc: 508 character-per-sec max.
Control Slgnelr: Clear to receive (output signal), EIA RS-232C
compatible.
COM MUNICATIO}IS INTERFACE
EIA: RS-232C compatible, 12 V nominal output signal voltage.
t
Rovcno Yldoo: Control character turns rovorse video on and off
permitting one or multi character, word, or line rgvgrse video.
Chrrrclrr Color/lntrnrlty: Choice of 8 colors or I
space), 1 or 2 stop bits.
todo: Switch selectable: half or full duplex, line/local.
EIA Delr Rtlc:110,300, 1200,4800,9600, 19.2K baud; switch
lnterchange).
Upper Case Only (Switch Selectable)
69 printable characters
33 control characters
- TRAl{SilIT
llcthod: Asynchronous; serial-by-bit; serial by character.
Codc ASCII; 1 start bit, 7 data bits, 1 parity bit (odd, even, mark, or
levels of gray
scale.
Currcnt Loop: 20 mA to 60 mA max, voltage capability 30 V max.
todr: EIA or current loop switch selectable.
Connrcton 25 pin, female, subminiature "D"-type"
Beckground Golor/lntrndty: Choice of I colors or 8 levels of gray
scale.
Srrlel Vldro: Composite color video line, NTSC compatible.
PHYSICAL
1.0 V
p-p ipto 75 O termination.
Slrc: 13.1" L x 7" D x2"
H.
Shlpplng tilclght 5 lbs. approx.
Vldro Connoclon Female, RCA phone plug.
POWER
USER CONTROL
Swltch Selcctrbfr: Baud rate, current loop/RS-232C, line/local,
upper case only, full/half duplex, parity bit-even, add, mark, or
space, 1/2 stop bits, control execute ON/OFF, control display
lnput: 5 V DC @ 650 mA nom. from included 120 V, 60 Hz wall
receptacle type power supply.
Swltch: Power ON/OFF,
ON/OFF.
Control Chrnclcrr: Back space (cursor F), linefeed (cursor l),
upline (cursor t ), fore space (cursor-r), carriege return,
horizontal tab, bell, clear screen, home cursor, delete, reverse
video on, revsrse video off.
Commend Control Srqurnc.l: Character color or gray scale,
background color or gray scale, locate cursor, clear to end of line,
clear to end of scFeen, define character bit pattern, keyboard
ON/OFF, display format (40 x24/20 x 12), cursor ON/OFF, display
ON/OFF, define command control delimiter, tone generator.
RCA MicroComputer ProductslNew Holland Avenue
Lancaster, PA 17604
ENVIRONlTENTAL
Tcmprrllurc:
Operating: 0 to 50o C
Storage: -40 to *85" C
Humldlty: 90% RH @ 30o C, non-condensing.
Vlbretlon: 3-axes
I
- .3" p-p, 5 to 14 Hz
39, 14Hzto2KHz
Shock 3-axes - 50 g, 11 m sec, 1/2 sine wave.
Printed in U.S.A./3-8O
vP-3301
2.Og/09.33
VIP Keyboard by Doug
Wo1-f
This program turns your VIP into a four octave keyboard. The program uses
the Sinple Sound Board VP595. It uses CIIIP-8I which ls CHIP-8 wiith the following
changes:. starting at 01A4: 86 FA 01 3A AC E5 63 D4 E7 45 FA 01 3A
F2 63 D4, and starting at 01F2: 3F EZ 68 3F F5 D4. To cover four octaves
two keys are used to either increment of decrement the octave presently used by
the keyboard.
The keyboard:
L23c
456D
7898
AOBF
is equivalent to:
D/l x Ell ell
DEFG
A B C (htgheroetave)
A# X C/l (l-ower octave)
Variables
V0=frequency select
Vl=key input 1, no note
V2=octave
V3=key input
3
V4=key input
V5=key input
V6=key input
V7=key i.nput
4
5
6
7
V8=key input 8
V9=key input 9
VA=key i.nput A
VB=key input B
VC=key input C
VD=key i.nput D
VE=key input E
VF=key input F,
(note duration)
no note is pJ-ayed (no keys are pushed).
Tables of notes start at 29O. The four octaves are in sequence. Each
octave is in this order: 00, D#, xX, F/1, D, E, F, A, B, C, A/1, Cll, gtl, e.
When MI=00
InitLaLLze Values
0200 6101 V1=01
0202 6200 V2=00
0204 6303 V3=03
02A6 6404 V4=04
0208 6505 V5=05
0204 6606 V6=06
020C 6707 Y7=A7
020E 6808 V8=08
0210 6909 V9=09
AZLT 6A0A VA=OA
02L4 6808 \IB=08
02L6 6C0C VC=0C
0218 6D0D \ID=OD
021A 5E0E VE=0E
02lC 5FFF VF=FF
0218 6000 V0=00
Scan Keyboard
0220
0222
0224
0226
A290
Notes
I=290
E
1A1
If (Vl*hex k.y) skip
F
118
T=29L
E3A1
for
If (v:#hex k"y) skip
2,OB/O7. 3+
0228 F31E T-293
022A E4Al If (V4#hex key) sklp
022C r41E I=294
022r. E5A1 lf(vs#hex key) skip
0230 F51E T=295
0232 E6Al If (v6#hex key) skip
0234 F6LE T=296
0236 ETA1 If (v7#hex k.y) skip
0238 F71E T=297
023A ESA1 If (V9#hex k.y) sklp
023C F81E I=298
023E E9AI If (V9#hex key) skip
0240 Fg lE T=299
0242 EAAl If (VA#hex key) skip
0244 FA1E T=29A
0246 EBAI If (\m#hex k.y) sktp
0248 FB lE T=298
A24L EcAl If (VC#hex k.y) skip
024C FCIE T=29C
0248 EDA1 If(VD#hex key) skip
0250 FD1E
T=29D
Scan Keyboard
for
0252 EEAI rf(\rErthex key) skip
0254 1278 Go to 0278 Subroutlne to
0256 EFAI If(VF#hex key) skip
0258 L284 Go to 0284
025A, F21E I=I*V2 Select octave
Check
for
Octave Change
lncrement octave
No Key Pressed
O25C F065 VO=MI Get tone
O25E 4OOO lf(v0rl00) skip
0260 L27O Go to 270 Subroutine for
No Key Pressed
Sound Generated
0262 8100 Output port=VO
0264 FF18 Tone duration=VF
A266 L220 Go to 0220
Subroutine
0
0272
027 4
,O27 5
027
for
No Key Pressed
6100 V1=00
Fl18 Tone duratl-on=Vl
6101 V1=01 Reset Vl
I22O co to 0220
Increment Octave
0278
027L
027C
0278
0280
0282
422A rf (v2*2A) sktp
L22O Go to A220
72AE Y2-Y2+0E
EEAI If (VE*hex k.y) skip
L27E Go to 0278 hlalt for key release
L220 Go to 0220
2,OB/O7. 35
Decrement Octave
0284 4200 If (v2#00) skip
0286 L220 Go to 0220
0288 72FZ Y2=Y2+82
0284 EFAI If (vF#hex key) skip
028C 128A Go to 028A Wait for key release
028E 1220 Go to 0220
Note Table
B0
D2
49
62
0280 2E 29
0288 20 22
02c0 13 lE
o2go 00
0298 DE
02A0 88
02A8 7 5
00
EB
5D
41
26
00
18
94
C6
53
45
3E
ls
19
BB
84
4E
00
37
55
lD
A6
8n
e
28
34
12
18
7
9D
00
6F
BB
3A
16
10
FD
58
68
24
31
L4
I1
The New York Amateur Cornputer Club has annor.rnced the creation of
a regular "Computer Faj-r and Flea Market" to be held on the first
Sunday of each month.
Conputing systems exhibiting applications software, computer
company vendorsr r€pr@sentatives from local computer clubs' wiLlbe there. Meetiogsr lectures and tutorials on hardwarer softwarer
business systems and beginneret classes wil-l also be held"
r Irving Plaza
12 Irving Plaee (corner of East 15 St. NYC.)
TIIIEr 11am.to 5pm. Lectures from 1pm.
ADMISSIONT $1,50
DATEST March 2, April t3, May 4, June 1
For more information,r contact Daniet at 212-263-3003 or phone the
New York Amateur Computer Club at their "Hot Line" number 864-4595.
PLACE
sET cARRr/ILEAR
by
cARRy
Tpm Swan
The 1802 rnachine language instruction set contains no instructions
to dlrectly set or cLear the one bit carry register DF. Normally,
the procedure is to rotate a zero or a one Uit from D into DF bui
of course this will change the value in D. A sirnpler and shorter
method is given beIow.
To clear DFr ADI $OO ;Add 0 to anything sets DF = O
To set DF r SMI $00 ;Subtraet 0 from anything sets DF =
Notice that only DF is changed by either of these commands the
value in the D register is not disturbed.
2,OB/09,36
7
VIP TINY BASIC
MACHI$TE LANGUAGE SUBROUTINE
by Andrew A. Modla
SeveraL vlP computer hobbyists have expressed a desj,re to call
nachine language prograns from TINY BASIC. Although hooks to
machi.ne language programs were not desigred into TINY BASIC due
to space limitationsr there is a way to execute machine language
prograns. The technique fakes a new statement tree and when
executed by BASIC, call-s the machine language program.
Statements have the following internal formatr
Binary line No.
i
!a
a
Length of
Statement
Statement
i! type code ;
!
S ourc
S
e
tatement
i
D End of
Statement
!
2
The machine language program resides in the source statement area.
To eonstruct a machine language progratn, do the following steps:
) Clear the statement area by tlrying NEW.
Z) Enter the following two BASIC statements:
1 G0r010
2 REM
3) Holding down Key E enter the VIP operating system by turning
on the RUN switch.
You will be modifying memory as follows:
f
ADDRESS
ffi
L2T3
DATA
1300 fhis is the new free memory address
ED
l,ine 2 statement length
Cll
Machine language statement tlpe
L2T4
LZI| to 1232 4E
PrintabLe Character E (fiffer)
0E
Causes inner interpreter to enter machine
1233
language
Your machine language program starts here
L234
0D
End of statement code
1zFF
The machine language program must end with DO 03 08 99 which
cannot extend. beyond. location 12FE. This means you have L99
decinal bytes available for your machine language subroutine.
00 and 0D cannot be used in your ML program. To load 00 into
D use 9t (cnr 1).
ll) Holding down the baekspace key on your ASCII keyboard, turn
on the run switch. This proeedure prevents the loss of your
BASIC prograrn.
Add the following line
3
r
REltrRN
Your BASIC program begins with line 10.
You call the machine language program with a
GOSUB
2.
2 , OB/O9 ,'3'?
fhe following information is useful for writing maehine language
r
programs
,
f) The Ml, subroutine program counter is register 5.
Z) Use only registers R?, RA, RB, RC, RD, RE, and RF
address of the variables and must not
3) R5.1 conti
be
4) fhe"rt"""ii""tlt8olage
display starts at location 1OOO (one page)
5) The'variables A-Z start at location ttU? (two'bytes per variable)
6) The aruay A starts as the free address in 11BE
7) The stack occupies the last page of memory and the low order
portion may be used for storage. (Page address RZ.1)
8) The BASIC source program starts at IZOA,
LITTLE LOOPS by Tom
Swan
PRII\M TIIIIE
just finished building a bul-lring right below our window
it's painted bright red and yellow and orange, and it's the
icing on the cake of our now brown Mexican countryside. Here
'chey are more like
they do not have bloody Spanish bullfights
rodeos though there is far more drinking, taco eati-ng, laughingand shouti-ng in the stands than ther:e is action in the ring.
This has absolutely nothing to d.o with this month's column,
unl-ess you want to compare a Mexican's interest in rodeos with
my interest in BASIC language programming. Every eouple of weeks
they have a rod.eo, then everybody goes back to normaL. Every
once in a while, I write a program in BASIC (even on our new "baby"
in the house, a^n APPLE II, I'm more interested in machine language
progiamrning. ) Problem is, I seldom go back to normaL.
I donlt want to sound too "ho-hum" about BASIC. It offers a good
way to learn prograrnming and judging from the number of read.ers
letters and articles this month, a lot of you own VfP Tiny BASIC
Board.s. iHtp-8 is also an excellent languige for cutting-your
programming,teeth. Though it lacks the readability of a d.ocumented
BASIC program, it is more suitable for use on a VIP computer.
the following program is straight from an algorithm (that means a
procedure or plan for a programming task) from Vol 1 of The Art of'
Computer Programming by Donald E. I(nuth r page 143, It generates
a list of prime numbers as many as you ask for up to the limits
of your il€rrorlr variables size, and patience. One interesting
line (#ttto) gives the remainder after a division provi.ding the
function X MOD Y which is not in Tiny BASIC's vocabulary. You may
leave the REM's (remarks) out without affeeting the program
Notice that the little b's with lines through them are spaees (b).
They
.
2,OB/ag,
38
But what lf you don't have the BASIC board? In that case you will
nscd to progran in either 1802 machine language or CIIIP-8 probably.
In fact' that brlnge ne to the point I would llke to make. There
arc tont of BASIC programs out "there" and only a few klLos of
CHIP-8 prograns (we're doing our best to change that). .Because
BASIC ls fairly easy to read and. understand, even if you don't
have the board, you should try to pick apart a few BASIC programs.
One thlng that may surprise you is how easily a BASIC listing
tranel,ates into CHIP-8| At first this may seem to be awkward,
eepecially if CHfp-8 j.s new to your Here are a few suggestions
to help.
BASIC
-
BASIC
- Less apd greater thal
CHIP-8-
cHrP-B-
PRINT
Printing numbers is not difficult but words are
another thing. Those of you with PIPS FOR VIPS
Vol- I can use Messager to translate PRINT statements
to CHIP-8. Otherrlrrise just leave the PRINT lines out
or simplify them graphically using DXYIII instructj-ons.
VF:-:-33"tli'iil:*i::J:
(x:Y).
;::';u:tt"; Ti.rTnSl J33l*r""
- Subscripted variables (e.g.
A(N))
CHIP-8- Define a memory.area.to hold the aruay
BASIC
of
nr:mbers
3?l:ixii*H?i;?ii:,
ti:ii:ll:i:
$i'I,ffi}'
instruction which sets Yi"#
= A(N)
Insert Y/ = VX into A(N) *tiil-toSS instruction,
- MuLtiply and divide
CHIP-8- \rlpite- sirbroutines in CHIP-8
these functions.
BASIC
or machine language for
l^lith these four suggestions and your VIP manual, you should be able
to convert PRIME IIME to CHIP-8. One problem still remains,
however' When you PRINT something in BASIC, everything else scrol-ls
gP to naEe room for the new line. That is not.so easy to simulate
in CHIP-8, so next month I suppose I have my work cut- out for me!
Good luckl
PROJECfS r
1) Convert PRIIUE IIME to CHIP-8.
il Speed up the BASIC LISTING by using TVON, TVOFF instructions.
After all primes have been calculated, print out a neatly formatted
list from the amay (A(N) instead of one at a time.
z,08/09 ,
39
Contestr First person to write to me with an explanation of what
"cHrP-8" means wins a free cHrp-B game (undocumeniea uut wiit
j-nstructions)
never before publish6d. in
postmark ties,
the first correct answer t iee wins. r figured
""*" ofit o;t-::-'"""-v6"e
(Even Rick Simpson doesn't ffi*
feas{ that,s what he told me!)
NorTerryr $ou are not eligible. ---at
PRIXE ,TIXIE LISTING
5
10
20
30
35
llo
4S
4g
5o
55
5B
59
6o
7a
BO
90
g4
e5
99
100
110
111
TT2
T13
REM REQUIRES
CIS
VIP TINY
BASIC
\
PR]NT
''HOW MANY PRIMES ''
INPUT X
X<2 T}IEN 10
IF
PRINT
PRINT ''OK. HERE GOES! ''
REM FIRST PRIIM IS '2'
A(1) = 2
REM J IS NUMBER PRIMES FOUND
REM N IS ODD cANDIDATES (T-,TTn IGNNEDY AT THIS poTxT)
PRINI "1 = 2"
N=j
d-l_
J=J+1
A(J)=u
REM OUTPUT
PRIIUE NUMBER
-'---.
n( } i
;;
REM TEST FOR DONE
IF J=X TItrN 999
N=N+2
REM NOW DIVIDE CANDIDAIES BY
REM PRIMES FOUND (A(K)'S) SO FAR
REM Q IS THE QUOT]ENT
REM R IS THE REMAINDER
K=2
Q=N/A (K)
;l=i;;-
;RiN'i
r74
I20
t30
t4o R=N-Q*A(K)
r49 REM PRrnm PossrBLE? (ny'o)
t5a IF R=0 TIIEN 110
r59 REM PRIII{E? (Qs=pRnM DIvISOR)
t6o IT Q(=A(K) THEN 80
r69 ,REM N IS NOT PRIIUE
170
180
999
li=r*f
c0T0
130
END
LAST MONIH''S
ANSWERST
f) Wipe Off Modifications -- Auto Speed Up (plus auto restart on
Key 0 at end of game.) Load CHIP-8 lnlipe Off and normal CHIP-8 as
listed in the VIPmanual then enter the fol-lowing.
00Ac
0218
-I
0234
a;iz
- Switch to Hi- speed CHIP - B
67OA, ;V7=0A Optional -- # bal1s = 10 for higher
Ec
-
1300 INII
t3t} TIIUE
challenge
to initialize V8,V9 each baLl
Jump to speed eontrol
during play
Jump
2.OB/O9
, 4O
1308 CHNGE
oac I
1328 RSTRT
oi6o rNrr 5 804 I V8=Oll
o2
6goll I V9=ob
olt
FFOA ;ttlAIT
o6
1?:'6 RET1
o3o I CHNcET 48oo ;SK/o
OA
1318 C2
0c
3900 ; SK=0
to increase speed each paddle
Jump to restart on Key / -- end of game
ozgc
Jump
hit
-I
r
-----
V8=speed--vaIue=starting speed
V9=increase--va1ue-fpaddl-e hits
Patched instruction from 0234
Return from INIT patch
to increase
If speed / O, jump to O3OC
If speed = O, (friehest speed) Jump to exit
ff increase 1 0, then jump to speed up
OE
1316 c1
If increase / O, jump to d.ecrement Vp
(no speed up)
031 0
6g04 ;v9=04 -- Reset V9 = fpaddle hits to each increase
T2
Speed up ball by factor of 1
TBFF rVB-1
1,4
t31B C2
Jump to exit
$ C1 r
79FF Y9-I -- Decrement V9- no speed up this paddle hit
A?CB BAIL -- Patched instruction from O29C
1B CZr
1A
I29E RETa -- Return from CHNGE patch
TIIIER = value of VB (auto decrement)
031 C TIMEr FBI 5 ;Tf=VB
FF07 i VF=TI -- VF= current timer value
lE T1 I
20
3F00 ; SK=0 -- When timer goes to 00, skip to exit
22
ttrE irr -- Else loop to test timer again
A?CD PADDL -- Patched instruction from OZUZ
2I+
26
rz44 REr3 -- Return from time patch
o32B RSTRT I FFOA ;WAIT -:- Wait for any key to be pressed
'24
If Key /, stip to start new garne
3F00 ; SK=0
2C
I32B RSrRT -- EIse loop back for another kelpress
0080 ;ERASE -- Erase sereen--prepare for new game
2E
Jump to begin new game
T2OO BEGIN
30
NOTE I Ihese changes eause the Wipe Off ball to speed up once every
four paddle hits until it flies at top speed. There are four speed
changes overall . fo vary these para:neters, change the values of
the following loeatioh,s . Also please note that the change to
Ioeation OZ1E is optional
I prefer a shorter 10-ba11 game, but
you may select any number of turns you wish.
LOCATIONS OF INTEREST
o301
0303
Starting speed of each ball (0O=fastest)
hits. to each speed change
--
r 3II
Number paddle
0
--
o3og
(Value at A3O3 must equal vaLue
Top speed of balls (0O=fastest)
at
0311 )
SI]PER DENSE WIPE OFF VARIATION
In addition to the changes above, the following create a d.ifferent
action filled game. (NOTE: Addresses are not sequential. Be gure
to enter the changes at the right addresses.)
0202
oza5
020c
0?*
0284
a2cc
5A0A r VA=0A r- Change to 10 rows of dots
5g0B tVB=08 -r Change to II columns
?ao6 ;v0+5 -- Spacing between each column
TIOZ ;V1+OZ -r Spaeing between eaeh row
Lt
6Dc ; sK/oc --
9oEo
Chanse
sc
or€- -DC = 120 maximum
Do t s / o ICD=P addl e
Dat a7 o zCC=
2,OB/O7, 4L
\
2)
F
UIIS TOGGL
I
800
e
ompletelJ relocatable
TOGGL
r
BF
FSAC
PLO RF
LDN RF
AF
OF
xRr
FBEC
STR
SEP
5F
D4
NEXI
LDr $oo
RF
LDr $AC
PHI
MONTH
r
$nc
RF
R4
Set RF to $O0AC--address
; inside DXYIV instruction
; in CHIP- B interpreter
; Get byte e $ooAC
; Flop from $nC to 00 , or 00 to
;Put back to change speed
;
a
,
$nC
;Return
SCROLL UP FOR THE MYSTERY TOUR
CORRECTIONS CORRECTIONS CORRECTIONS CORRECTIONS OH NUTS CORRECTIONS
VoL I ISSIIE Lt, oCT . 19? B PAGE II "Non Video 0perating System" by
Joseph Cza jkowski contains an error in the schematic. The correet
p in c onne e t ions f or the HP 50 B2-? 340 displays are!
pins # 4 and
ground;
pin
to
Pin
of
to
the
top
enable.
display
is
#A
#5
#5
ineorrectly hooked to ground, in the printed s ehematic .
vOT,
2 ISSLE 5 NOV. 1979 PAGES 2,05,16 and 2.05,!9 "FootbaLl" by
!
glut^',*gmT,lt ";l"fi"rors
'/W/ ia/z not relz
Frarrk Awtrev c ontains
Thanks
to
Tim Longcor
'
theSe little
for weeding
buggers out.
Just a quick note that may be of interest to other Elf'ers who
enjoy the VIP modifieation in issue #9 April 1979. In addition
to the emor previously brought to your attention l,oc " 8104
should be 3E not JF - Irve discovered that some of the longer
prograns in the RCA game manual crash because they get into the
CHIP-8 display page relocated at page 7, To correct this change
the instruction at l,oc. 0CF0 from FB07 to F808. A11 works wel-l-
noWo
- Walt Pinner
APOI,OGIES
to never have to do a combined. issue - but here is
just exactly that. f had pneumonia
for three weeks j-n February
and early.March - and no sooner did r recover from that when m!
$SqSnter (who lives in California) had a real catastrophe itt n6"
life and I had to fly back to be with her for the next two
so the result wasr no newsletter in March. sure hope thisweeks.
big
fat issue helps make up for it all.
Terry
we had hoped
2,OB/Og
, 4Z
MORE
IINY BASIC MACHIIIE I,ANGUAGE SUBS
by C. D. Smith
Recently you received a procedure from Andy Modla for adding a
nachine language subroutine to the ROM based VIP Tiny BASIC'
(Part number W-?OO). I have enclosed a procedure I developed
using Andy Modlars memo to allow calling sever4l machine
language subroutines. I intended it to be self explanatory
however, if you have any questions about its use please contact
me through the VIPER.
IM
0000 i
0000 t
0000 t
0000 t
0000 t
0000;
\-
0000 t
0000 t
0000 t
0000 t
0000 i
0000 ;
0000 i
0000 i
0000 t
0000 t
0000 i
0000 i
ffiffi1
1233 0E r
I23Ll
r234
I234
I23LI
,
VIP TINY BASIC MACHINE
C
oo13 r ,
00il+ .,
o0I7
NOTE
..
..
CODE
0023 .
a024 0 r
0025 . r
0026 ..
0027 !.
0028 ..
0029
\twa.7
!
Tlm ABOVE THREE STATEIIENTS I\,IUSI BE
ENTERED EXACTLY AS SHOhIN.
E)ffiCUTE T}IE VIP OPERATING SYSTEM BY
RESEr/TffiY E/RUN
rr
0018 o r
0019 . .
0020 . ,
002I
oo22
MODIFY MEMORY AS
r
oRG
F0I,LOI/US
#t233
'#on
T}IE USER PROGRAM CALL STARTS
N0TE
ETTHER
r.
. . . .r . .. . .
o
Lzt+5 i
r!. I.
\.-
IzLt6 t
1246 t
sE"
oo39
0040
.
OOI.I,2
..
HERE
3 USER PROGRAM CAI,L MUST NOT
A #OO 0R A
#OD,
.
tnt+ F812BFI 0030 VIPUSRT LDI A.1(IPC);PHI F
LDI A, o (tPC ) rPL0 F
1237 FB3BAF; 003t
0032
SEP F
I23A DF;
0033 ..
I23B
'
0WLt VARZ=#IID7
I23B
0035 .,
L23B
tDI A"1(VenZ);PHI E
0W6 fP Cr
I23B F811BE r
LDI A.0 (VARZ ) IPI.,O E
L23E F8D9AE; 0037
r+EB
LDA E;PHI 5;LDA E;PLO 5
7241
548A5 t 00 38
1245 D5;
RELEASE
TGOTOlO
2 REM A MACHINE TANGUAGE SUBROUTINE.
001'2 . .
OOT6
BO-01-OB INITIAI
NEI/U
o
OOt5
.D. SMIIH
LANGUAGE SUBROUTIIYE
BEGIN BY INITIALTZING THE STATEMENT AREA
BY ENTERING
o
o
TryLT
r234
T4L[
La.)a
0001 . .
0002 r r
0003 , .
0004 r.
0005 r.
0005 ..
0007 o .
0008 ..
0009 .o
0010 o
0011 r
5
00M .,
USER PROGRAM
CAtt
ENDS HERE
2,OB/O7,
4l
CONTAIN
oo43
oo44
oo45
ooll5
LZLl,6
TzLI6
r246
LZLl,6
L2l+6
Lztr6 o&o3o B;
T2L+9
OO.
/./)
724A oDi
I24B
a
,
T24B
,
LZll,B
,
r24e
t
TaLIB
IzLl,B
I24B
r24e
L24e
11 BE
TTgO
LT9O
TT9O
TT9O
TTgO
a
a
,
I
,
I
,
a
,
L27 5
T2T 5
r2r 5
rzr 5
Lzr 5
T2T 5
T2T 5
T2T 5
r2r 5
Lzr 5
L27 5
r2I 5
Lzr 5
T2T 5
r2I 5'
T2T 5
I2r 5
1,2I 5
1,2r 5
T2T 5
r2r 5
r2r 5
I?7 5
Lzr 5
r2r 5
o
oo49
a
a
,
a
,
a
,
a
,
a
,
a
,
a
,
a
,
a
,
a
t
a
,
t
,
,
t
I
,
I
,
a
,
I
,
a
,
O
,
a
,
a
,
I
,
t
,
I
,
a
,
a
,
a
,
a
,
i
400 F811BF ;
tho3 FBDgAF;
1
t$o6 gr5F1F;
9
D
\
oo54 BASIC: ORG *
oo55 ..
oo56 o r
OO57 . O
oo6t
,
cnr
BASIC CoNTINIIES FRoM IIERE
005r o.
a
,
PRoGRAM
BRANCH TO ENDING :
rr
oo52 . r
oo53 0.
0058 ..
a
gRG
IIrTH A tONc
LDN
oo
,
MUST END
0050
,
I24Bi
NOTE: YOUR MAcHINE IANGUAGE
oo48 ENDrNcr sEP 4,#0308
a
72r4 cUi
T2T 5
r
OOI+Z
a
,
L2T3 38t
Lzr 5
..
..
..
59IvExT !
oo6o
oo6z
0063
oo64
o.
..
.o
MoDrFy NEXr BASrc STATEMENT
TOCATION AS FOTLOWS
onc #r r 8n
,A(gAsrc )
MODIFY STATEMENT
AS FoLLows
2 I,ENGTH AND TY?E
o.
oo65
one #tzt3
oo66 IENGTH !,A.0 (nAstC-r,nucgit)
oo67 TIPE z ,ffcV
oo58 .
oo69 , o
0070 ..
o
OOTT I
oo72 ..'
oo73 ..
oo?4 .,
oo75 ..
oo76 . .
RESTART BASrc
ENTER
A
By Rnsnr/nacrseecnr/nutt
RETIIRN STATEMENT AS FOLLOVfS
3 RETURN
FoLIohIED By
A BASIC
PROGRAM
OO77 . . r . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r .
0078 ..
oo79 ..
ooSo o.
0081 r.
0082 ro
oo83 o,
oog4 o.
0085 . o
0086 ,o
oo8? o
0088 r.
0089 , .
0090 , .
o
OO9T I I
OO?Z ..
0093
.
EXAMPLE
5 REM LET Z=ADDRESS 0F SUBRoUTII\E(BASE rO)
10 Z=5!2O
15 cosuB 2
zo PRINT z
25 G0T0 10
30 END
rs rlIE TEST nr'4 nouttun
Tlm STATE oF EF4 rs TESTED AND VARIABT,E
Z IS SET TRIIE IF EF4 Is TRIIE AND sET
THIS
FoR THE HoME EI\nrIRoNX[ENT MONITOR.
FALSE OF EF4
IS
FALSE.
r
ooglr
.RG 5120
oo95 EFTEST : LDI A. 1 (VARZ ) ;PHI
oo96
LDI A.O(VAnZ);PLO
oo97
cHI 1;STR F;INC F
F
F
2,OB/O9
, 44
t4o9
oogE
3FOE I
1ll0B F8011
1ll0D 5Fl
14oE co 1 zt+6 t
BNI} EFEXIT
rDr #ot
00 gg
0100
0101 EFEXfT
!+Lr t
0102
0000
STR F
r
tBR ENDTNG
END
\
Extended Oisplay Subroutine
by C. H.
Anderson
CHIP-8 calling sequence!
Point rrlt' to data set describing object to be displayed
0300: Ca].l extended displal' machine J-angruage routine
FxFy: VxrVy coordinates fo: the object
Data format: starting at MMM
NB: Number of bytes on each line
NL: Number of lines
Data: NB*NL bytes describing object
AMMM:
Register Al-location:
R6.O: CHIP-8 variable pointer; shift foop counter
R7 : Used to hol-d bits in shift operation
RA : Memory pointer for data block, CHIP-8 ,J, pointer
RC : Display memory pointer
RD.O: Loop counter for bytes displayed on each line
RD.l: Storage for NB, number of bytes on each line
RE.Or Counter for lines, initialized with tU,
RE.1: Storage for number of shifts (Vx ,AND,, 07)
RF.O: Storage for the starting value of RC.O on each Line
RF.l: Hit Flag; initialized to 00, changed to O1 on hit
Ttre stack is used to store the carry ovef bits_of each sbiEt gperation.
0300
0
, 22
| 45 A6
:06FA07
S06FA3F
OA !F6F6F6
s Decrement Stack
: R6 points to Vx
: V>@07=XL; put into RE .1
s Vx@3F; ensure ob ject is on display
: divide by B and store on stack
301
03
o7
BE
52
Ls
45 A6
o6 FE FE E2
FB o0 BF 7E
LA
1D
BC FE AC
9C 7E BC
0 30E
10
0320: BC F4 AC
24r 9C 7C 0C
0328: 4A BD
2A: 4A AE
AF
BC
AC
BC
R6 points to Vy
A*Vy put into RC.O
Clear Hit Flag;0O+carry put in RC'.1
2* (4*Vy) put into RC .0
Put high bits of B*Vy into RC .1
Add vx/8 into RC.0rput it
Add 0C into RC .1
Store NB in
Store NL in
RD. L
RE.O
into RF.0 too
Extended Display Subroutine
NEW
LINE O32C :
CONT LINEO331
:
FB
00 s2
00
34: 9E A6
36: 4A 87
LOOP
0338
A7
3A
30 4T
97 F6 87
3D
B7
40
26
76
cont)
Put NB into RD .0 ( counter for bytes
Clear stack
Clear R7 .0
Put XL into R6 .0 ( shift counter)
Data byte put into R7 .1
GotO SHIFTENT \
Shi f t contents of iR7 . 1 to right
Shift carry over bits into R7.0
9D AD
2El, F8
(
A7
R6-
)
1
If R6.0 is not zero goto LOOP
: Add carry over f rom last byte to R7.1
o344
:SetXtoC
47 EC
4B
: Test for hit, if not goto WRITE
F2 32 4E
4B FB o1 BF
: Hit Flag =0L
WRITE
4E
: Write byte to di splay with ''XOR
97 F3 5C
: Store new ca rry over b te on st u"U
E2 B7 52
51
(Increment RC to next byte on line, test for and correct X wrap a ;ound )
: RC.0+01rdo it ttris way so Rc.l doesn't/
0354:8C FC 01 Ac
change
:
58:
FA 07 3A 60
@O7rif not O goto CONT
'
: Move Rc.O up one line on displa v
5C: 8C Fr OA AE
SHIFTEI\TT
IIT
3A 3A
97 F4 87
B6
: RD.0-01rif not O qroto CONT LINE
CONT
60:2D BD 3A 31
(write last carry over bits on ]-ine)
: Get carry over byte
0364: 87
: Test for hit, if not goto WRITE2
65: EC FZ 32 6C
: Set Hit Ptaq to O1
69: F8 01 BF
wRrTEz 6c: 87 F3 5c
: write to display with "xoR'!'
6Fr E2
: Reset X to 2
(Move RC to next l-ine, test for and correct Y wrap around)
:NL-L, if 0 goto EXIT
O37O: 2E BE 32 87
74t BF FC Og Fc eF : Get first value of RC.O on line r rrrove
to next linerstore new RC.0 in RF .0
: RC.l+carry
79r 9C 7C O0 BC
: -(0C+04), if not 0 goto NEW LTNE
7D: FF 10 3A 2C
: Reset RC to top of display
81: 9C FF 04 BC
: Goto NEW LINE
85: 30 2C
EXIT
0387: FB FF A6
BA: 9F 56
I
:
:
i
R6 points to VF
Store Flag in VF,
Increment stack
BD: 00 D4
Idle; Return
Upon returning from the subroutine I=I+(2+NB*NL)+1.With
BC2 L2
DXYN
f=I
There are no limit.ations on the values for NB or NL. However, if
NB is larger than 0B or if NL is longer than the display the object
will write over itself.
The routine will work wit.h Ben Hutchinson's 1ZBH by 64v circuit
( vrPER vr r , p9 7 ) with the f ollowing changes , which are facifitated
with a NoP ( E2 ) r have at 031 3 .
gei_ 0 35E 19; _937 6_1 0 ;
0 30e z
The four pages of memory asslgned to the Al-splay a7e assumed
to start at 0C00. To change to a new page address (pCa), replace
z.oB/09.U6
with PGA at 0326. Inaddition, for the y wrap around to work
it is necessary to chanqe the value at 0378 to pcA+04.
0C
Extended Display Subroutine
Options-Comments
Calling sequence and data format options:
'
(1) Fx and Fy can reside in the data setrpreceeding NBNL,
by changing 45 to 4A at 0301 and 030E.
(2) NB and NL can follow FxFy in the program by changing
4A to 45 at 0328 and 032A.
(3) There is room to set Fx to a fixed vaLue in the subroutine.
0301: F8 Fx A6 06 FA 07 BE 46 FA 3F F6 F6 F6 52'82(nop).
The variable VY must then be the next CHIP-8 variable after
VX (VO and V1 for exampl-e) .
This routine will work with the original CHIP-8 1 page display
or the 2 page display if the value at 037E is changed to PGA+01
or PGA+O2 respectively, where PGA=the top paqe of displgy memory._*
There are times when it is desireable to superimpose the data block
on top of what is al-ready present without erasing anything. To do
this change F3,XOR, to FlrOR, at locations 034F and 036D. It is
interesting to experiment wittr the other logical and arithmetic
operations at these locations.
A more useful option is to simpl-y write the object over what
is already on the screen. This is illustrated in the accompanying
exampJ-es. To impJ-ement this option put a NOP instruction such as
5c or EC at locations O34F and 036D. NB is l-imited to 07 with this option.
The IDLE command 00 located at 03BD stops aLl action until an
interupt is called and hence can slow down a program. It can be
rgpltced yith a relufn D4.
When the 4 page interrupt such as Tom Swan described in VIPER(2,06.O4)
is used ttre program will continue while the display acLion is occuring.
It is possible that the program will ctrange the disptay memory before
it gets displayed, usually toward the bottom of the scre€rr. This may
cause funny things to happen such as odd blanks appearing, especially
with the IDLE removed. Sometimes this can be cured by synchronizing
the program to the interrupt with judiciously placed IDLE caLl-s. This
j-s done with a machine language routine consisting solely of OO D4
t.hat i s called brr the
CHIP-
B prosram
.
2 , OB/O9
.4?
rf the number of bytes in the data block is more than about 16 then
motion becomes jumpy because each byte must be shifted over 7 times :
when the lower 3 bits of vX-are Ll-L and not at all when VX
ends in 000.
Extended Display Subroutine
(
Examples
)
These sample programs use Tom Swanrs HI-RES bHIP-B routines
(VIPER 2.06,04) and will run with 2K of memory. They use the
option that V0 and Vl are the coordinates r so be sure to make
that change before entering the programs. The first writes and
erases the object with the standard XOR option. The second
demonstrates the smoother flicker free motion obtained using
the overwrite option. The object is one of the many interesting
ones I have found that can be made with the bar shaped dot.
0244: 6010 6110 A2B0 0300 6E00 7EA2 EEA1 125A 4E0A l24c L24E
025A: A280 0300 4EO2 71-FF 4EO4 70FF 4EO6 7001 4E0B 7101 l24B
Data describing object (2 bytes wide-14(Hex) lines high)
0280 z 02 14 00 00 03 00 0F 00
Move the object around
BB: 1E 0o 3c oo 7c 0o 7F Fo
using kevs 2-4-6-8 '
9o: 7F F0 7F 0o 7F oo 7F FB
98: 7F FB 7F 00 7F 00 7F FO
A0: 7F F0 7F 00 l_F 00 0F E0
AB: O0 00
To change this program to ttre overwrite mode first put. EC at 034F
and 036D, then change the jump aL 0252 from 125A to l25E so it
skips the erase commands ttrat are no longer required. Note that the
object has rr0' bits surrounding it on all sides and it is only
allowed to move by increments of 1so that no rtlrr bits of the
previous frame escape being erased
Chicken Crossing the Road Routine:
Leave the extended display subroutine in the over write mode
and try the fol-lowing animated sequence that uses the feature that
the I pointer is not reset after calling the subroutine.
60FF 6205 A2BA 0300
0244: 6303 6000 6169 A2B0 0300 6160
0258: F315 F4O7 34OO 125A 7001 -72FF 3200 1256 L252
Data:
O2BO z Q7 01 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF ..road
02BA: 01 09 06 7D 3E 1C OB 18 24 42 63 ...Frame #1
0295: O1 09 06 7D 3E 1c 0B 0B L4 24 36 ..+2
02A0: 01 09 06 7D 3E Lc 0B 08 OB 0B 0c ..#3
02AB:01 09 06 7D 3E lc 08 0B 18 L8 lc .,#4
0286: 01 09 06 7D 3E lC 0B 0B L4 24 36 ..#5 same as #2
VariabLe V3 set at 0244 determines the speed of the action.
2 ,OB/O9 .48
'
SCRT JTIMP TABI,E
by Leo Fo Hood
In the PIPS FOR VIPS, I noticed that use is mad.e of the Stand,ard
CalI and Return subroutines. Below is a short progr€rm that when
used with the SCRT allows subroutines to be accissdd with a table
lgg!:tp. This iump routine is useful to me in implementing
additions to my disassembler progrerm, The routine fakes tf,e
return address in Register 5 and jumps to the desired routine
through the nornal subroutine return program. The original
calling locatj-on is of course saved on tne stack prior-to the jump.
The pertinent cod.e for calling the JITMP prograrn i-s included, but
not the actual table since thtt is depen-itenI on the applicaiion.
JUMP SUBROUTIIVE
27Co
c1
c2
JUMP
96
r cHr
73
GLO
86
ca 73
c4 48
c5 52
c6 90
c? 14
c8 86
ll8
R5
STXD
I,DA RB
STR R2
GHT
RO
ADD
PHT
c9
tDA
CA A5
cB
R5
STXD
PTO
SEP
D5
R5
R8
R5
R5
EXAMPTE
2722
23
25
26
28
'29
2A
28
***
2C
2E
3L
3z
3t+
35
37
38
39
38
3c
90
FC o7
B8
F8 5o
AB
8B
r
F7,-
Gt0
ADI
FC ,02
***2730
4B
GtO
BZ
SD
32 DO
F5
32 3E
88
2741
#ar
tDN
XRI
FB 7F
A8
98
RO
STR
52
08
7C
B8
3o
D4
30
3E
I{EXT
GHI
ADI
PHI
TDI
PI,0
00
2g
o7 c0
o3
JilIP
!
R8
#50
RB
RB
R2
R8
#zr
#oo
#n
RB
#oz
PI,0
GHI
ADCI
PHI
RB
BR
#zg
R8
R8
#oo
SEPII #o? co
BR
#al
tDA
R8
t
R0 c ontains addres s
t of relocatable code
rRB used for index
r to table
tRB used for temporary storage
t of command code
i7F is end of tabl e
r D0 is location of Error routine
; Compare command eode to
r table entry branch if equal
t If eommand not found
r jump to
: llext entry
',
'!
t"n
,tttr
;
CalI
JTIMP
tWhen routine has finished r return
will be to this location which
branehes to beginning of the
ro_utine .which is not showrr.
(Soruyl
;
)
2,OB/09,49
NON-COMMERCIAI ADVERTISING
SAIE3 Keyboard, Rad.io Shack 2??-L17 with I/O boara and
connectors for VIP. F. H. Bremer, L75 W Albanus Street,
FOR
Philadelphia,
PA
19t2o (Zt5)
455-6576
SAI,Ez VP-550 Super Sound Board with manuaL and cassette.
fj-ne, but it isn't what I thought j-t was. . $40.00
Jerry Krizek (?Lj) 338-2696 after J:00 PI\4 California time
FOR
lnlorks
SAIE: VIP, VP-590 (Color) and VP-550 (Supersound). A11
the manuals, Volumes 7-, 2, and 3 of PIPS FOR VIPSr and approxinatel-y 25 game tapes. $400. I got an APPIEI Bob Brock,
(301) 730-0922 before 9100 PM Eastern Time.
FOR
* NOTE: We will print smaLl "want ads" such as these for.
free, but they rnust be strictly non-eonmercial. They are
for your information orrly, and we can't vouch for their
accuracy or legitirnacy. The ad.vertisers listed here are
VIPffi subscri-bers.
*ATTENTION*
ARESCO is attempti-ng to get out of the hardware retail- business,
so wetre selling our stock of VIP products. Here's an inventory of the material- we have on hand, along with the prices
we're asking for each piece. Theycll be sold on a fi-rst-come,
first served basisr so you might want to caII in your ord.er
with a Master Charge or VISA number.
NOW! RCA
VP-?LL COSMAC VIP Microcomputers
VP-111 Microcomputers.. Same as VIPr but user
must install I/O ports' system expansion capability' and 5v power supply.
Sound Board.
Simple
VP-595
3
$tzg
B0
2
2
'
27
44
2 vp-3510 Sup-er Sound. Board s
Z6
t vp-S?o Mehory Expansion Board
2 VP-585 Keyboard. Interface Card. for hex keyboard +3
199
gg
30
49
95
L5
59
20
99
?o
49
vP-SZS Exiansion Board
L7
Two-Board
Expand.er
vP-5?6
3
80
2 vp-SeS EPROM Programmer Board
L7
to
VP-71I
Keyboards
ASCII
Cable:
vP-620
5
35 39.
5 vP-?Oo Tiny BASIC ROM Board
In addition, we have about 50 sets of Volume t of the VIPERT
whj-ch we can sell for our absolute printing & postage cost of
t
have a few loose
$12.00, and a few VIP manuals.. r........We
youtre
missing an i-ssue,
back issues from Volume I VIPER, so if
per
issue
.20.
i-s $1
give us a ca1l. Our cost
will not be publishing a vol-ume 3 VIPER, due.to circumstances we cannot control-. If there is anyone out there who
woul-d like to take over the effort, 1et us know about Your and
werll let you know who the past subscribers 3.r€. Our tharrks
to all- of you for your support! See you in May! - Terry
ARESCO
2.OB/O9 .50
KE]BOARD RESET
by Steve
Medwin
I've made a siurple modification to the RCA ASCII keyboard that
turns the "User #1" key into a reset key" This al1ows you to
reset the VIP without flipping the run/reset switch"
All you need, is one resj.storr art edge-card board for the
expassion interface a;1d some wire. A schematic follows.
user 7 eontaets
on keyboard
RUN
M
VIP
+5v
I
{-l
-
EXPANSION INTERFACE
To use r The reset/run switch must be left in run. Then to
reset the VIP, just press artd release the User #1 key.
TINY BASIC DISCONIYECT
SWITCH
by Randy Holt
the Tiny BASIC board is inserted into the VIP Expansion
Interface connector, it doesn't permit the VIP to execute CHIP-8
or machine larrguage prograrns. I disliked always taking the board
out to run other progransr so I made the modifications described
beJow. The double-throw, double-pole switch will operate in
BASIC in one position and will permit CHIP-8 and. machine language
routines'in the other position. Change the positi-on of the
switch onlv when the VIP is in the RESET mode.
0n component side of board, cut track between CD4515 pin 10 and
the diode, and between connector pin X (8ooO) and CDP1833 pLn 2t
as shown on the diagram. Solder wires as shown to the DPDT switch
using plated-through holes wherever possible. I affixed the
switch to the upper-right corner of the Tiny BASIC board.
When
2 ,OB/09 ,5L
TINY BASIC DISCONNECT SWITCH
( continued )
(oeorspr"cH)
omAcll
BAsrs
OAACH
carTSACf,.HSI'
r1
afi rtlcF
,'IEPE
IAdld)
EXPANDED ROM MONITOR
by Randy Holt
Wouldnrt it be nice if you could replace the stZlAyte VIP ROM
Monitor chip with a 2048-byte EPROM that would then p.ermit
extra ROM space fof a more sophisticated monitor and/or be
used to store some of your favorite subroutines? It turns out
that with just J cut tiacks and the addition of ll wires to the
VIP board, you can have this capabilityl
The VIP ROM Monitor chip wilt stiLl operate in the U1O socket;
and when a 2715 EPROM is installed, it will exist in the stand-by
(tow power) mode unless it's addressed" The VIP EPROM Programmer
card can be used to prograrn the 2?t6.
2,OB/09,52
EXPAIIDED ROI{' }IONITOR
solder s lde
conponent slde
rL
uto
tracks here
na0
nAl
,,,A2
Revlsed
Sehenatle
+
I
I
2
t
t2
a
tbtstlr,
vlI
t^A+
,tA6
naO
NA?
A'
Ato
43
+{ry
"::3
sldc, cut traeks fron +5VDC to U10-18
eut the track fron U10-12(CND) to
wlres as follows I
(
(A10)
^e)
together
other
2.OB/09 .53