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UM10155 Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplifier Rev. 02 — 5 September 2006 User manual Document information Info Content Keywords Class D Audio Amplifier, Universal Class D, UcD, PWM Audio Amplifier, High Power Audio. Abstract This user manual describes the operating instructions and the most important background information of the Philips Semiconductor Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplifier Demonstrator Board. With proper heatsinking of the Power MOSFETs and a well dimensioned power supply, the PWM amplifier is capable of supplying 200 W of high quality audio power into a 4 Ω loudspeaker. UM10155 Philips Semiconductors Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplifier Revision history Rev Date Description 02 20060905 corrected Figure 9. 01 20060801 initial version Contact information For additional information, please visit: http://www.semiconductors.philips.com For sales office addresses, please send an email to: [email protected] UM10155_2 User manual © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2006. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 5 September 2006 2 of 12 UM10155 Philips Semiconductors Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplifier 1. Introduction The Universal Class D (UcD) version 1.00 demonstrator board implements a 200 W true RMS (into a 4 Ω load) high quality audio power amplifier on a very compact printed-circuit board. The amplifier is built-up of discrete components only, and makes use of Philips patent WO 03/090343. 001aaf148 Fig 1. General view The demonstrator board is intended to illustrate the capability of Philips Power MOSFETs in discrete high-end PWM audio amplifier applications. The board is self-contained and only requires a simple (non-stabilized) dual power supply, an audio source (e.g. function generator, CD player) and a loudspeaker to demonstrate its capabilities. For evaluation at high output power a provision is made to attach an appropriate heatsink to the MOSFETs on the board. UM10155_2 User manual © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2006. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 5 September 2006 3 of 12 xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx x x C2 100 nF R6 47 kΩ R7 220 Ω R13 2.2 kΩ Q3 BC857 R5 47 kΩ D6 BAS321 C5 100 µF C6 100 nF Q10 BC857 J4 J1 J2 C1 4.7 nF R4 47 Ω Q1 560 Ω R3 R14 5.6 MΩ BF821 47 Ω Q14 D9 R20 D11 1PS76SB10 27 Ω BAS316 R11 1 kΩ C9 100 pF L1 BAS321 C7 100 µF C8 100 nF C15 680 nF R17 390 Ω Q8 J11 Q13 Q9 BC857 BF820 J10 28 µH D7 1PS76SB10 D10 R19 D12 1PS76SB10 27 Ω BAS316 R23 10 Ω C10 100 pF PHP18NQ11T Q15 J7 BF720 BC847 BC847 Q5 Q11 PBSS5140T R27 Q6 8.2 kΩ D5 PDZ12B C3 100 nF R8 220 Ω R9 330 Ω R10 220 Ω C13 100 nF R21 1 kΩ C14 22 µF C18 100 nF C19 1000 µF J8 R25 0.05 Ω J9 001aaf149 UM10155 4 of 12 © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2006. All rights reserved. R28 10 Ω Fig 2. Circuit diagram C17 1000 µF R24 10 Ω R8 1 kΩ D2 Q7 C16 100 nF Q12 PBSS5140T R15 3.9 MΩ 1PS76SB10 BF820 C11 22 µF PHP18NQ11T Q2 D1 R2 1 kΩ C12 100 nF Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplifier Rev. 02 — 5 September 2006 BF821 R1 J6 R18 390 Ω D8 PDZ12B C4 220 pF Q4 BF721 J3 R12 22 kΩ R26 0.05 Ω Philips Semiconductors J5 R16 4.7 kΩ 2. Circuit diagram UM10155_2 User manual R29 10 Ω UM10155 Philips Semiconductors Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplifier Table 1. Connections Connector Function Remarks J1 audio in - signal use together with J2 J2 audio in - ground use together with J1 J3 amplifier enable when connected to ground (J4) the amplifier is enabled J4 ground use together with J3 J5 positive supply voltage 30 V to 45 V (no need for a stabilized power supply) J6 positive current sense can optionally be used in an overcurrent protection scheme J7 power supply ground 0V J8 negative current sense can optionally be used in an overcurrent protection scheme J9 negative supply voltage −30 V to −45 V (no need for a stabilized power supply) J10 loudspeaker output use together with J11 J11 loudspeaker ground use together with J10 3. Printed-circuit board layout 001aaf151 001aaf150 Fig 3. Top copper layout Fig 4. Bottom copper layout UM10155_2 User manual © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2006. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 5 September 2006 5 of 12 UM10155 Philips Semiconductors Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplifier + PHILIPS class D amp. version 1.00 J3 J5 J4 J1 + C5 + C11 C17 J6 C15 J2 Q13 Q14 L1 J10 J11 + C7 + J7 J8 + international C14 patent C19 WO 03/090343 001aaf153 001aaf152 Fig 5. Component layout J9 Fig 6. Top silk-screen 4. Specifications Table 2. Specifications Symbol Parameter Conditions Value VP supply voltage equal positive and negative supply voltages ±30 V to ±45 V PL output power VP = ±45 V; RL = 4 Ω; appropriate heatsink needed 200 W (RMS) η efficiency PL = 100 W; RL = 4 Ω > 92 % THD+N total harmonic distortion-plus-noise PL = 10 W; frequency range from 20 Hz to 20 kHz < 0.03 % S/N signal-to-noise ratio fPWM PWM frequency idle ~ 400 kHz Voffset offset voltage DC value < 50 mV > 120 dB 4.1 Pop-less/click-less start-up and shutdown A provision has been added to the circuit to provide pop-less/click-less start-up and shutdown. To make use of the start-up facility, make sure that the supply power (pins J5 and J9) is applied prior to enabling the amplifier (connecting J3 to J4). To benefit from the pop-less shutdown feature, disable the amplifier (disconnect J3 and J4) prior to removing the supply power. 4.2 Overcurrent protection A provision has been added to the circuit to monitor the current flowing through the Power MOSFETs (Q13 and Q14). The voltage appearing between pins J5 and J6 is proportional to the current in MOSFET Q14 (ratio: 50 mV/A) and the voltage between J8 and J9 is proportional to the current in MOSFET Q13 (ratio: 50 mV/A). With the use of an external UM10155_2 User manual © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2006. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 5 September 2006 6 of 12 UM10155 Philips Semiconductors Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplifier circuit these two signals may be used to disable the amplifier (disconnect J3 and J4) in case of an overcurrent situation. Similarly the J3-J4 pin combination can be used to disable the amplifier in case of other fault conditions. 4.3 Important notice The ‘High Power Class D Audio Amplifier Demonstrator Board’ is meant to demonstrate the capabilities of the specific Class D Amplifier design and its semiconductor components. No provisions for short-circuit and overcurrent protection were made on the demonstrator board itself. Neither was an operating temperature compensation feature implemented on the board. The circuit on the board is reduced to its essentials. In this implementation the ‘High Power Class D Audio Amplifier Demonstrator Board’ is not intended to be used for long term operation or under extreme temperature conditions when delivering substantial output power. 5. Wiring diagram and powering-up + PHILIPS class D amp. version 1.00 J3 J5 J4 signal ground J6 J1 + C5 J2 + C11 C17 10 mF C15 Q13 Q14 L1 30 V to 45 V 4 Ω to 8 Ω J10 J11 J7 C7 + + J8 + international C14 10 mF 30 V to 45 V J9 patent WO 03/090343 C19 001aaf154 Audio input: J1 is signal; J2 is ground Initially, leave J6 and J8 unconnected; J7 and J11 are at the same (ground) potential Fig 7. Wiring diagram UM10155_2 User manual © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2006. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 5 September 2006 7 of 12 UM10155 Philips Semiconductors Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplifier 6. Adding external features 6.1 Electronic enabling/disabling of the amplifier + PHILIPS class D amp. version 1.00 J3 J5 J4 enable signal J1 J2 J6 + C5 + C11 C17 C15 Q13 Q14 L1 J10 J11 J7 C7 + + J8 + international C14 J9 patent WO 03/090343 C19 001aaf155 Enable signal: (HIGH = enable) (LOW = disable) Fig 8. Enabling/disabling of the amplifier Electronic enabling/disabling can be used for: • Implementing pop-less and click-less start-up and shut-down • Shutting down the amplifier in case of a failure condition (short-circuit/overcurrent/over-temperature) The transistor in the enabling/disabling circuit must be low current, 60 V type (such as BC846) and the resistor must limit the base current of the transistor to approximately 1 mA (in case of logic level driving, that would mean R = 4.7 kΩ). UM10155_2 User manual © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2006. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 5 September 2006 8 of 12 UM10155 Philips Semiconductors Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplifier 6.2 Short-circuit and overcurrent protection + PHILIPS class D amp. version 1.00 D5 R10 J3 IC2 R12 J5 J4 J6 J1 + C5 J2 + C11 R4 R3 C2 D4 D6 Q2 C17 R11 IC3 C15 Q13 Q14 L1 R6 J10 J11 D2 IC1 R7 + C7 + to enabling/ disabling circuit R5 J7 J8 + international C14 J9 R1 D1 Q1 R2 C1 µP OR OTHER LOGIC R9 D3 R8 patent C19 WO 03/090343 001aaf156 Fig 9. Short-circuit and overcurrent protection The ‘Short-circuit and overcurrent protection’ circuit must be used together with the ‘Electronic enabling/disabling’ circuit. The output pins of IC1 and IC2 produce a HIGH logic level pulse when overcurrent is detected in either the low side MOSFET (Q13 on the Demonstrator Board) and high side MOSFET (Q14 on the Demonstrator Board) respectively. The two signals are combined through the IC3 OR-gate. The resulting signal must be processed in the ‘µP or other logic’ block. One of the simplest solutions would be a latch circuit, which on a high pulse forces the output go low. This causes the ‘Electronic enabling/disabling circuit’ to disable the amplifier. Through manual intervention and/or after a certain while, the latch should be reset to a HIGH logic level, which in turn re-enables the amplifier. Table 3. Components Component Value R1, R4 270 Ω R2, R3 4.7 kΩ R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12 10 kΩ C1, C2 4.7 nF D1, D5 Philips PDZ10B D2, D3, D4, D6 Philips PDZ5.1B Q1 Philips BC846 Q2 Philips BC856 IC1, IC2 Fast operational amplifier; feed with +12 V and −12 V supplies IC3 Philips HEF4071; feed with 5 V UM10155_2 User manual © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2006. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 5 September 2006 9 of 12 UM10155 Philips Semiconductors Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplifier 6.3 Sonic performance versus Efficiency trade-off The dead-time that is allowed between Q13 and Q14 conduction determines the efficiency of the Demonstrator Board for a great deal; a long dead-time leads to better efficiency. On the other side, long dead-time also leads to worse sonic performance; it has important adverse consequences for e.g. THD. Short dead-time causes quiescent current to go up, thus reducing efficiency and improving sonic performance. The higher quiescent current is the result of more cross-conduction of Q13 and Q14. So, most of the power that is lost in this way is dissipated in Q13 and Q14, which may heat-up excessively. This may cause thermally instable behavior of the MOSFETs. For that reason, the Demonstrator Board is shipped in low quiescent current mode – during initial evaluation the risk of damaging the MOSFETs through thermal runaway is thus reduced. Nevertheless, by modifying one resistor value, the dead-time can be shortened and evaluation in enhanced sonic performance mode can take place. Changing R9 to a lower value decreases dead-time. It is left the responsibility of the experimenter to prevent thermal runaway, but assistance from Philips will be available through the local sales representatives. To reduce the risk of thermal runaway in the enhanced sonic performance mode, a thermal feedback loop can be implemented: the operating temperature of the MOSFETs can be fed-back to the dead-time control by changing the fixed R9 value, mounting a PTC resistor on the heatsink of the MOSFETs and connecting the PTC in parallel with R9. Again, any changes are left the responsibility of the experimenter, but assistance from Philips will be available through the local sales representatives. UM10155_2 User manual © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2006. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 5 September 2006 10 of 12 UM10155 Philips Semiconductors Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplifier 7. Legal information 7.1 Definitions Draft — The document is a draft version only. The content is still under internal review and subject to formal approval, which may result in modifications or additions. Philips Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of information included herein and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. 7.2 Disclaimers malfunction of a Philips Semiconductors product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental damage. Philips Semiconductors accepts no liability for inclusion and/or use of Philips Semiconductors products in such equipment or applications and therefore such inclusion and/or use is at the customer’s own risk. Applications — Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. Philips Semiconductors makes no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification. 7.3 General — Information in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Philips Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. Right to make changes — Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes to information published in this document, including without limitation specifications and product descriptions, at any time and without notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior to the publication hereof. Suitability for use — Philips Semiconductors products are not designed, authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in medical, military, aircraft, space or life support equipment, nor in applications where failure or Patents Notice is herewith given that the subject device uses one or more of the following patents and that each of these patents may have corresponding patents in other jurisdictions. WO 03/090343 — owned by Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. (int. patent application) 7.4 Trademarks Notice: All referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. UM10155_2 User manual © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2006. All rights reserved. Rev. 02 — 5 September 2006 11 of 12 Philips Semiconductors UM10155 Discrete Class D High Power Audio Amplifier 8. Contents 1 2 3 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 5 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 8 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Circuit diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Printed-circuit board layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Pop-less/click-less start-up and shutdown . . . . 6 Overcurrent protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Important notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Wiring diagram and powering-up. . . . . . . . . . . 7 Adding external features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Electronic enabling/disabling of the amplifier . . 8 Short-circuit and overcurrent protection . . . . . . 9 Sonic performance versus Efficiency trade-off 10 Legal information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Disclaimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Patents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s) described herein, have been included in section ‘Legal information’. © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2006. 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