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Abstract The software package McStas is a tool for carrying out Monte Carlo ray-tracing simulations of neutron scattering instruments with high complexity and precision. The simulations can compute all aspects of the performance of instruments and can thus be used to optimize the use of existing equipment, design new instrumentation, and carry out virtual experiments. McStas is based on a unique design where an automatic compilation process translates high-level textual instrument descriptions into efficient ANSI-C code. This design makes it simple to set up typical simulations and also gives essentially unlimited freedom to handle more unusual cases. This report constitutes the reference manual for McStas, and, together with the manual for the McStas components, it contains full documentation of all aspects of the program. It covers the various ways to compile and run simulations, a description of the meta-language used to define simulations, and some example simulations performed with the program. This report documents McStas version 1.9, released September, 2005 The authors are: Kim Lefmann <[email protected]> Materials Research Department, Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark Peter Kjær Willendrup <[email protected]> Materials Research Department, Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark Emmanuel Farhi <[email protected]> Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France Klaus Lieutenant <[email protected]> Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France as well as authors who left the project: Kristian Nielsen <[email protected]> Materials Research Department, Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark Present address: Sifira A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark, ISBN 87–550–3481–0 (Internet) ISSN 0106–2840 Pitney Bowes Management Services Denmark A/S · Risø National Laboratory · 2006