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• See the figures at the start of this section for examples of where the CMS could be connected. • If there is a pair of connections in the hydraulic circuit that operates with a differential pressure near to that calculated, then the CMS can be connected there. • Alternatively, create the pressure drop by modifying the hydraulic system. For example, insert a check-valve in the circuit with a 4 bar spring. 12 The "component’’ could also be a filter, a restrictor or even a piece of piping if it has a suitable pressure drop across it. • If none of these options is feasible, then an active flow controller will likely be needed, see 15.3. • Otherwise connect the CMS across the points identified, taking care to maintain an upward flow of oil through the unit (this reduces trapped air). Of course in a real system the pressure and viscosity will vary with temperature and operating conditions. But since the working flow range of the CMS is very wide, this should not be a problem provided it remains within range. On the graph the area between upper and lower lines represents the usable operating region for the CMS, with the middle line being ideal. The differential pressure and the viscosity can vary from the ideal, provided the system stays within the upper and lower lines. This ensures the flow stays within the working range of 20 - 400 ml/min. It can be seen that the unit will accommodate a 20:1 12 In fact the CMS will work perfectly well at a lower flow, for example 100ml/minute, in which case a 2 Bar check-valve could be used. 52 Hydraulic Connection