Download Project: Reprise of Locker Access System (Final Report)

Project:RepriseofLockerAccess
System
(FinalReport)
_____________________________________________
GroupMay14–12
MohammedAlKaabi
SherryElsaGungat
NurulIzniHazimiAbdulAziz
ShichaoSu
Client
IowaStateUniversity(ECPE)
Advisor
Harker,LelandEdward
TableofContents
1.ProblemOverview
1.1ProblemStatement‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐3
2.SystemOverview
2.1SystemRequirement‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐4
2.2SystemBlockDiagram‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐5
2.3ConceptSketch‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐6
2.4OperatingEnvironment‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐6
3.Design
3.1InputandOutputSpecification‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐7
3.2HardwareSpecification‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐9
3.3SoftwareSpecification‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐14
3.4CircuitSchematic‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐16
3.5Cost‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐18
4.Standard‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐19
5.Testing‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐19
AppendixI‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐22
AppendixII‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐24
May14‐12
Page2
1. ProblemOverview
1.1
ProblemStatement
We are doing this project in order to solve problem regarding storage
and lockers assignment in senior design lab in Coover 1301. Currently, the
lockersaresecuredwithstandardcombinationpadlocks.Thedisadvantageof
using this type of lock is that the previous users may still know the
combination number. Besides, some students might forget the combination
numberfortheirteam’slocker.Otherthanthat,thepadlockisnotintuitiveor
noteasytouseespeciallyforfirsttimeusers.Furthermore,administratorsare
notabletoassignandupdatelockerseasilyandefficiently.
Inordertosolvetheseproblems,wearecreatingacontrolsystemthat
allows locker access to authorized users by using their ISU card. The locker
access system has to be easy to use while maintaining a basic amount of
security.Wearedesigningoneuserpanelthatcommunicateswirelesslywith
lockermodules.Theentiresystemwillbecomprisedoftwobasicelements:a
control box, and the locker module. Besides, this control system also allows
administrators to access list updates and locker overrides. With this control
system,itwillbeeasierandsaferforstudentstostoretheirprojectandaccess
theirlockers.
May14‐12
Page3
2. SystemOverview
2.1
SystemRequirement
 The system will the read magnetic strip on the student ID card
andunlockthecorrespondingdoor.Besides,italsoallowsmanual
entryonthekeypadonthecontrolbox.
 It must allow administrative functionality including access list
updatesandlockeroverrides.
 The user panel must have a display that shows the status of the
system. It will give direction to user whenever they use this
system.
 The user panel will communicate wirelessly with the locker
modules. The wireless communication must be in two ways
communication so that the user panel can send and receive data
to locker module in order to open the door. Similarly, locker
module can send information to the user panel regarding the
status of the battery in each locker module. The wireless data
transmission needs to have the ability to transmit data from the
longestdistanceoratleastcoverthebigrangeofthedimensionof
theroom.
 Thebatterymustlastatleastonesemesterandthelockermodule
needstogivewarningwhenthebatteryisat50%orlower.
 TheSDcardmustbeabletoreadandstoredatabaseofnamesand
locker numbers so that it can be updated easily by using
computers.
May14‐12
Page4
2.2SystemBlockDiagram
Figure 1: Block Diagram May14‐12
Page5
2.3
ConceptSketch
Figure 2: Concept Sketch
2.4
OperatingEnvironment
Thecontrolboxandthelockermodulewillbelocatedinsidethe
seniordesignroominCoover1301.Thetemperatureinsidethisroomis
approximately69to74degreesFahrenheit.Thedimensionoftheroom
is 44’ x 28’. It has a lot of things inside such as tables, desktop, chairs
andsoon.Thesecanbetheobstacleforthecommunicationbetweenthe
controlboxandlockermoduleiftheyaresituatedfarfromeachother.
May14‐12
Page6
3 Design
3.1
InputandOutputSpecification
Input:
1) ControlModule:
A. Keypad‐UserswillbepromptedtoentertheirstudentIDnumber
B. Card‐Reader‐Userswillbeabletoswipetheircard
C. Xbee‐Receivesdatawirelesslyfromthelockermodule
2) LockerModule:
A. LowVoltageDetection‐circuitthatmonitorsthevoltagelevelofthe
battery
B. Xbee‐Receivesdatawirelesslyfromthecontrolmodule
Output:
1)ControlModule:
A. LCDScreen‐outputsdatainauserfriendlyform
B. Xbee‐Transmitsdatatothelockermodules
2)LockerModule:
A. LED‐itwilllightwhenthelockerhaslowbattery
B. Servo‐Unlocksthelockerifitreceivesthesignaltodoit
C. Xbee‐Transmitsdatatothecontrolmodules
May14‐12
Page7
Input/Output:
A. Xbee ‐Receives and transmits signals both ways (Communication
betweencontrolmoduleandlockermodule)
B. SDCard‐ThiswillbeinputandoutputintheControlmodule.Names,ID
number,andlockernumberwillbestoredhere
May14‐12
Page8
3.2HardwareSpecification
ControlModule
 Microcontroller
Both locker and control modules will be using ATmega328 microprocessor.
All code for our microcontrollers is written in the Arduino Processing C
Programmer/Compiler.TheATMEGA328isa28pinsmicrocontrollerthatwill
beabletoberemovedandreprogramlaterbyusingArduinoUno.Thisisan
important feature since most of the locker module will need to be
programmedwiththeiridentifiersbeforetheycanbeinstalled.Belowarethe
specificationsofthemicrocontroller:
Figure 3: Arduino Uno (WIth Atmega 328 Processor)
OperatingVoltage:5V
DigitalI/OPins:14
AnalogInputPins:6
DCCurrentperI/OPin:40mA
ClockSpeed:16MHz
PowerConsumption:0.21W(at5V)
May14‐12
Page9
 WirelessCommunication
Forwirelesscommunication,weareusingXbee1mWTraceAntenna–Series
1(802.15.4). This module takes the 802.15.4 stack and allows very reliable
and simple communication between microcontrollers. This module can be
programmedeasilybyX‐CTU.Wesetalltransmissionisdoneinserialformat
at9600baud,noparitybit,andnostopbitandsetalltheXbeesinthesameIP
address. We also use the same Xbee as the receiver and transmitter in the
lockermodules.ThespecificationsfortheXbeeisshownbelow:
Figure 4: Xbee Series 1
Indoorrange:upto100ft(30m)
OutdoorRange:upto300ft(100m)
Transmitpower:1mW
SupplyVoltage:2.8‐3.4V
TransmitCurrent:45mAat3.3V
Receive/idlecurrent:50mAat3.3V
PowerConsumption:0.15Wat3.3V(forTransmit)
May14‐12
:0.17Wat3.3V(forReceive)
Page10
 Keypad
The keypad that we use is COM‐08653, 12 button keypad. The pins of the
keypad are connected to a single analog pin of the microcontroller by using
voltage‐resistormethod.Whenoneofthebuttonsispressed,aspecificanalog
voltageismeasuredatthemicrocontroller,whichcorrespondstothebutton
pressed.
Figure 5:12‐Button Keypad
 MagneticStripeReader
An AP‐MSR200 is a simple magnetic stripe reader, which outputs the card
number in the form of serial data. The card reader is connected to the
microcontroller via female DB9 female connector. The connector cannot be
connected directly to the microcontroller because of the large voltage
differentialbetweenthemicrocontrollerandtheconnector.Thiscausesissue
incommunicatingwiththemicrocontroller.Alogical0orlowis0Vanda1or
highis+5Vforthemicrocontroller.Meanwhile,theconnectorsends ‐3Vto ‐
25Vaslowand+3Vto+25Vforhigh.Therefore,alevelshiftingchipisneeded.
May14‐12
Page11
Figure 6: Magnetic Card Reader
 LevelShifter
We use a MAX232CPE in order to turn the serial output to TTL (Transistor‐
Transistor Logic). Once it’s in TTL form, we can read it at the ATMEGA328
serialinput.
 SDCard
ThereisoneSDcardattachedtothecardterminalwhichacceptsanSDcard
with a pre‐formatted comma separated value file on it. This CSV file will be
readbytheATMEGA328.Thecardreaderwillstoretheinformationforlocker
access.AdminwillbeabletopulltheSDcardoutfromthecardmoduletodo
anyinformationupdatebyusingcomputer.
 LCDScreen(ADM2004D‐FL‐YBS)
The screen will show the status of the system. We use a 20x4 screen which
willbeconnectedtotheterminaland5Vpowersource.
May14‐12
Page12
LockerModule
 TheLock
Thelockingmechanismwassuppliedbytheclient.Itisametallockthatwill
beunlockedandlockedbytheservo.
 PowerSource
Thepowersourceforthelockermoduleisbatteries.Wewillbeusingfour1.5
VAAbatteries.
 Servo‐900‐00014
This servo is smaller and lighter than the standard servo. It acts as the
electromechanicaldevicetoopenthelockmechanism.Themicrocontrollerin
thelockermodulewillsendsignaltotheservoandthentheservowilloperate
the door to open and close completely. Servo consumes quite a lot of power
eveninidlestate.Therefore,weconnectittoatransistorthatwillswitchiton
and off in order to reduce the power consumption. It requires 4.8 to 6 V to
operate.Itcanoperateloadwith1.2kgat4.8Vand1.4kgat6V.
Figure 7: Servo May14‐12
Page13
 LowVoltageDetectionCircuit
Thiscircuitisavoltagedividercircuitthatwillmonitorthevoltagelevelinthe
batteries for locker module. The values of resistors used are both 10k ohm.
The microcontroller will read the voltage from analog pin. When the locker
haslowbattery,LEDwilllightupasanindicationthatthebatteriesneedtobe
replaced. We set the lowest voltage to be 3.0V and the LED should light up
whenthebatteryreachesthislevel.
3.3SoftwareSpecification
ControlModule:
Alloftheinitializationneededforconnectionsanddeviceswillbedone
inthevoidsetup()function.Atfirst,weneedtoinitializetheinputandoutput
ports of the Atmega328. In our code, void loop() stands for the void main()
withawhile(1)statementinit.Basically,allofthecodeshouldbeinthevoid
loop()function.Inputfromthekeypadistakenasaformof0‐5voltswhich
translates into 10‐Bit resolution via a voltage divider. A function char
keypressed(int input) should take the input from the voltage divider and
returnthekeypressedinaformofcharacter.intsendData(intlockerNumber)
isgoingtobethefunctionresponsibleofsendingdatatothelockermodules.
It should take an address as input and return a conformation as a form of
integer(ex1=done,2=lowbatteryand0=connectionfailed).
May14‐12
Page14
LockerModule:
Inthelockermodulethecodeismuchsmallerandsimpler.Itreceivesa
message through Xbee and opens the locker. The module should return a
confirmationthatthelockerisopened.Whileidle,itshouldputthesystemin
sleep mode to save batteries. Sleep mode turns off the devises connected to
theterminalusingatransistor.ItshouldturnontheXbeeforasecondatleast
each 5 seconds to check for signal and then turns it off again. If a signal is
received,itshouldturnonallofthedevicesandworkaccordingtothesignal
.Thelockermoduleshouldalsodetectlowbatteryvoltageandsendasignalto
thecontrolmoduletoinformitthatitisrunningoutofpowersource.
May14‐12
Page15
3.4CircuitSchematic
 ControlModule
Figure 8: Control Module Circuit Schematic
May14‐12
Page16
 LockerModule
Figure 9: Locker Module Circuit Schematic
May14‐12
Page17
3.5
Cost
Parts and Materials Unit price
Quantity Total
Atmega328 $5.50
2
$11.00
Xbee series 1 $22.95
2
$45.90
Keypad (COM08653) $13.95
1
$13.95
LCD Screen (ADM2004D‐FL‐YBS)
$17.62
1
$17.62
SD card $9.95
1
$9.95
Magnetic card reader $44.95
1
$44.95
Servo (900‐00014) $10.95
1
$10.95
$10
1
$10.00
VoltageRegulator(5V)
$0.95
1
$0.95
VoltageRegulator(3.3V)
$1.95
1
$1.95
NpnTransistor
$0.50
1
$0.50
Resistors
$0.25
14
$3.50
Capacitors
$0.45
4
$1.80
16MHzCrystal
$0.95
2
$1.90
MAX232CPE
$1.85
1
$1.85
Lock Total
May14‐12
$176.77
Page18
4 Standard
 Xbee
The standard for the Xbee that we are using is IEEE 802.15.4. This
standard focuses on a low cost wireless communication of nearby
devices. It is suitable for our project because the two Xbees (one in
Control module and another one in Locker module) will be
communicatinginaclosedistance.
5 TestingProcessandResult
In order to test the design, we tested it by part. Once we are done with one
part and confirm that it is working properly and reliably, we proceed with
another part. Then, after testing component by component, we tested the
wholesystem.
 Keypad
We tested the keypad by connecting it to analog pin 5 of the
microprocessor.LCDscreenwilldisplaythebuttonthatisbeingpressed
and the analog voltage corresponding to the button. We pressed one
buttonatatimeandweverifiedthattheLCDscreenshowsthecorrect
button.Itdemonstratesthatthekeypadworks.
 SDCard
WetestedtheSDcardbystoringourinformation(studentIDnumber)
into it by using computer and then connected the SD card to the
May14‐12
Page19
microprocessor. The microprocessor is also connected to the keypad
and LCD screen. After we typed in our student ID number on the
keypad,theLCDscreendisplays’studentIDmatched’.Itshowsthatthe
SDCardisabletocommunicatewiththemicroprocessor.
 WirelessCommunication
We use Xbee for wireless communication. We tested it by connecting
oneXbeetothelockermoduleandanotheronetothecontrolmodule.
Firsty,wetestedthecommunicationwiththetwoXbeeareplacedclose
to each other. Then, we increased the distance of communication to
20m. From this two testing, we verified the Xbee can communicate
efficientlyforbothnearandfardistance.
 Testingthewholesystem
Inordertotestthewholesystem,weuseonecontrolmoduleandthree
locker module. We sent signal to each locker module from the control
module. When we send signal to locker 1, the servo will unlock the
locker. This indicates that the control module are able to differentiate
eachlockermoduleandcommunicatewiththecorrectlocker.
May14‐12
Page20
AppendixI
OperationManual
There are two different user manual for the two intended users which are
studentsandadministrators.
Students:
1.
Swipe ISU card on the card reader or type student ID number on the
keypad.
2.
Lockerassociatedwiththestudentwillbeunlocked.
Admins:
1.
SwipeISUcardonthecardreaderortypeIDnumberonthekeypad.A
message“WelcomeAdmin”willappear.
2.
Adminwillbepromptedtochooseoneofthetwooptions:
A. Openspecificlocker:
1. Choosealockertobeopened.Ifthelockernumberis
less than 10, type ‘0’ before the locker number. For
example,type“06”inordertoopenlockernumber6.
B. AddnewUser:
1. Type in new user’s ID number. A message of
confirmationwillappear.
May14‐12
Page21
2. A new message will appear to the admin, "ADMIN?
1=YES,0=NO".Amessageofconfirmationwillappear
which displays the result of adding the new user to
thesystem.(1isforadminand0isforstudent).
3. If the new user is student, specify which locker the
student will have access to. If the locker number is
less than 10, type ‘0’ before the locker number. For
example,type“06”toassignlockernumber6.
Ifadminchooseoptionotherthan1and2,thesystemwilldisplayamessage
saying“WrongOption”andadminwillbeaskedtochooseanewoptionagain.
Alternativeforadmin
Admin will also be able to take the SD card out from the Control Module in
order to add new user and new locker. There are two files saved in the SD
cardwhichare“user”and“locker”.
I.
Addnewuser
1.
PlugtheSDcardintoacomputer.
2.
Choosefileuser.
3.
Addanewlineforeachnewuserinthisformat:
ID,Admin,lockerNumbere.g.“976431456,1,01”
1isforadminand0isforstudent.
May14‐12
Page22
II.
Addnewlocker
1.
PlugtheSDcardintoacomputer.
2.
Choosefilelocker.
3.
Savethenewlockeraddedinthisformat:
lockerNumber,SH,SLe.g01,0x0013A200,0x403DEEAE
SHandSLaretheaddressesoftheXbeeconnectedtothelockers.
May14‐12
Page23
AppendixII
Lessonlearnedandchallengesencountered
Throughout this project, we are able to learn about many new things
andgainnewexperiences.Afterfewmonthsdoingthisproject,wediscovered
thatthisprojectismoreintensethanweexpected.Mostofthecomponentand
toolsthatweuseareverynewtous.Therefore,itrequirestimetolearnabout
the details of the components and tools before started using them for the
project.ThisincludesArduino,XbeeandPCBlayout.
Welearnedaboutthecircuitdesignandthecodingforoneofthewidely
usedmicrocontrollerswhichisArduino.AsfortheXbee,welearnedtouseit
for wireless communication between two terminals. We also learned how to
getridofdebounceinanaloginputorbuttons.Webelievethatthisknowledge
will be useful for our future reference as an engineer. Besides, from this
project we also know how the process of designing works which includes
understanding the problem, gathering information, implementation and
testing.
Formostoftheteammembers,thisprojectisthelargestprojectthatwe
havedoneduringourundergraduatestudy.Wespentalotoftimetoworkon
this project. Therefore, this project also teaches us about time management.
We realized that it is very important to have a schedule timeline for the
projectinordertohelpustokeeptrackontheproject.Mostimportantly,we
get a chance to apply the theory that we learned in class. We realized that
there is a gap between theory and application that can only be closed with
experienceinbothfields. May14‐12
Page24