Download User Manual ISO Programming 2500 B

.
HEIDENHAIN
e
!!!A
User Manual
IS0 Programming
TNC 2500B
Contouring
Control
Screen displays
PROGRflM
RUN/FULL
Operating mode
Error messages/dialog
SEQUENCE
17410
G71 m
N10 C99 11 L+0
R+2
m
N20
Tl
f17
S1000
4~
N25
t00
540
f90
X+10
Y+10
N30
G54 X+100
Y+20
4~
N40
528
X Af
NSQ I+100
J+0
#
N60
G73 G90
H+315
t
---------------------------ACTL.
cc
t&N-
2
+
2
0,000
20,000
s 1000
x +
Y +
Tl
98,008
1,560
R +
YN
ROT
SCL
F
t
M03
m
w--w
10,000
1,000
45,000
0,800000
M3/9
L
Status drsplay:
ACTL.:
x
Y
z
etc.
*:
Type of position display, switchable with MOD
(further displays: NOML, DIST., LAG - see index “General
Positron coordinates
1
N:
S:
ROT:
SCL:
cc:
“Control in operation” display
“Axis is locked” display
Datum shift, shown as an index on the shrfted axis.
Mirror image, shown as an Index on the mirrored axis
Basic rotation of the coordrnate system
Scaling
Circle center or pole
T...:
z:
s:
Called tool
Spindle axis
Spindle speed
F:
M:
Feed rate
Spindle status (M03,
M04.
M05, M13, M14)
Preceding block
Current block
Next block
Block after next
Information”)
Status display
line
Guideline for procedure
from preliminary operations
to workpiece machining
Sequence
Action
Operating
mode
Cross
reference
Workpiece
2
Set datum
I 3l
Determine
I
4
/ Switch
for workpiece
machining
on machine
I
I
I-
I
drawing
Workpiece
speeds and feed rates
Page
coordinates
Al5
Spindle speed, feed rate
diagrams
I
l-
Machine
manual
5
Traverse reference points
(homing the machine)
Switch
6
Clamp workpiece
Clamping
A20
operating
on
Ml
instructions
-
Workpiece setup with the
3D Touch Probe
or
I
7b
8
Align workpiece,
insert zero tool,
mark workpiece and
set datum
Enter program via keyboard or from external
Manual
operation
Manual
storage
Programming
and editing
9
Test program
(without axis movements)
Ml3
Machine handbook:
Tool change
Back fold-out page,
program example;
Programming
and
edrtrng
Programming,
Test run
PI24
!
run
Programming,
Graphic simulation
11
Test run without tool
in single block mode
Program run,
Single block
12
Optimize
program
if necessary
Programming
editing
Programming
and editino
13
Insert tool and machine workpiece
automatic program run
Program run,
Full sequence
PI
and
I
Operating Panel TNC 2500B
with snap-on keypad
Machine
Operating
Manual
ml
0
@
Programming
Modes
operation
Electronic
Positioning
3
Dl
Program
run, Single block
El
Program
run, Full sequence
Q
with manual
data input
Modes
Programming
and editing
Spindle
D
srmulation
IB
External program
fa
Supplementary
call
definition
of a circle center
Set label number with G981
Jump to label number/
Tool length wrth G99
0
Polar coordrnate radius/
Rounding-off
radius with G25, G26, G27l
Chamfer with G24/
Circle radius with G02, G03. GO5
Tool radius with G99/
a program
program
function
X, Y, Z coordinates
.
61
Programmable
Tool definition
Tool call
m
with G99/
input and output
operating
modes
Entering
and Editing
Values
Axis keys
Number
Graphics
Decimal
keys
point, sign change
11
Em
Graphic
I
EE!
Define blank form, reset blank form
Key for polar coordinates
q
Magnify
Key for incremental
operating
modes
detail
Start graphic
simulation
q
@
ns%
Feed rate override
FO/oSpindfe speed override
Screen
control
brightness
MrnB
q
drmensions
Enter parameter instead
Define parameter
QM
of a number,
Transfer actual positron to memory
El
Override
factor
Polar coordinate angle/
Angle of rotatron in cycle G73
Clear program
HI
time with G04/Scaling
speed in rpm
Parameter
mIDI
Management
Naming/selectrng
mil
Miscellaneous
13
Test run with graphic
Program
Feed rate/Dwell
0
0
Ia
G code
Q
IIIEl
Programming
Block number
Q
handwheel
in IS0 Format
m
m
?~~~rt?e~certain
block or cycle
No entry, Enter data,
Terminate block entry
Clear entry
Delete block
_
Contents
General
Machine
Introduction
MOD Functions
Coordrnates
Linear and Angle
Cutting Data
Information
Operating
Programming
Modes
Modes
Encoders
Al
A8
Al5
Al8
A20
Swatch-On
Manual Operation
3D Touch Probe
Datum Setting
Electronic Handwheel,
Incremental Jog
Positronrng with Manual Data Input
Program Run
Ml
M2
M3
Ml3
Ml5
Ml7
Ml9
Programming
in IS0
Program Selection
Tool Defrnrtron
Cutter Path Compensation
Tools
Feed Rate F/Spindle Speed S/Miscellaneous
Functions M
Programmable
Stop/Dwell Time
Path Movements
Linear Movement, Cartesian
Circular Movement, Cartesian
Polar Coordinates
Contour Approach and Departure
Predetermined
M Functions
Program Jumps
Program Calls
Standard Cycles
Coordtnate Transformations
Other Cycles
Parametric Programming
Programmed
Probing
Teach-In
Test Run
Graphic Simulatron
External Data Transfer
Address Letters in IS0
PI
P6
PI0
PI5
PI8
P20
P21
P22
P25
P30
P41
P48
P51
P55
P64
P65
P93
PI 02
PI05
PI 20
PI 23
PI 25
PI 26
PI 29
PI 37
Manufacturer’s
Certificate
This device is noise-suppressed
In accordance with the Federal German regulations 1046/1984. The Federal German postal
authorities have been notified of the market Introduction of this unrt and have been granted permission to test the series for
compliance with the regulations. If the user Incorporates the device into a larger system then the entire system must comply
wrth said regulations.
General
Information
(A)
1
Introduction
Brief description
Machine
operating
Programming
Accessories:
MOD
3
of TNC 25008
4
modes
modes
5
3D Touch Probe Systems
FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit
HR 130/HR 330 Electronic
Handwheels
6
7
7
8
Functions
Position
9
displays
Traverse range limits
10
User parameters
11
Coordinates
The coordinate
15
system
16
Datum
Absolute
Linear
and Angle
Cutting
and Incremental
coordinates
17
18
Encoders
Data
Feed rate diagram
20
Sprndle
21
speed diagram
Feed rate diagram
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
General
for tapping
Information
22
Introduction
The TNC 2500B from HEIDENHAIN is a shop-floor programmable
contouring control wtth up to 4 axes
for milling and boring machines as well as for machining centers. It is conceived for the “man at the
machine”, featuring conversational
programming
and excellent graphic simulation of workpiece
machrn
ing. Its background
programming
feature permits a new program to be created (or a program located in
memory to be edited) while another program is being executed. Besides fixed cycles, coordinate transformations and parametric programming,
the control also includes functions for 3D touch probes.
Description
Programs can be output to peripheral devices and read into the control via the RS-232-C
allowing programs to be created and stored externally.
Conversational
IS0 programming
or
In addition to programs written in conversational
the snap-on keyboard or via the data Interface.
reside in memory at the same time.
format, IS0 programs can also be entered, either via
Both interactive format and IS0 format programs can
Compatibility
This control can execute programs from other HEIDENHAIN
functions described in this manual.
Structure
of manual
This manual addresses the skilled machine
controlled boring and mrllrng.
TNC beginners
already worked
operator
controls,
and requires
provided
appropriate
are advised to work through this manual and the examples
with a HEIDENHAIN TNC, you can skip familiar topics.
This manual deals with programming
in IS0 format. HEIDENHAIN
described in detail in a separate user manual for the TNC 2500B.
The sequence of chapters in this operating manual IS according
functions, as well as according to the logical working order:
l Machine
operating
modes:
Switch-on - setup - set display value - machine workpiece
l Programming
modes:
Programming
and edittng - test run
Symbols
for keys
The followrng
symbols
data interface,
they contain
knowledge
to control
of non-NC-
systematically.
conversational
operating
only the
If you have
programming
modes
and key
are used in this manual:
Empty square:
keys for numerrcal
input on the TNC operating
panel
cl
Square with
symbol, e g.
other keys on the TNC operatrng
Ckcle with
symbol, e.g.
buttons
The pages of this manual
Typeface for
screen displays
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Program
are distinctly
blocks and TNC screen dialogs
General
marked
on the machine
operating
panel
panel
with the relevant key symbols
are printed
Information
in this SPECIAL TYPE.
Page
Al
is
Introduction
Program
Examples
The example programs in this manual are based on a uniform blank size and can be displayed on the
screen by adding the following blank definition (see index “Programming
Modes”, Program Selection):
G30 G17 X+0
G31 G90 X+100
Y+O
Z-40
Y+lOO Z+O
The examples can be executed on machtne tools with tool axis Z and machining plane XY If your
machine uses a different axis as the tool axis, this axis must be programmed
instead of Z and likewise
the correspondrng
axes for the machining plane.
Beware
Buffer
batteries
in
the control
of collisions
Buffer batteries
interruptron.
When
protect
executing
the example
the stored programs
programs!
and machine
parameters
against
loss due to power
the message
EXCHANGE
appears,
BUFFER
BATIERY
you must change
The batteries
Changing
the battery
when
should
Battery replacement
Battery type:
3 AA-size batteries, leak-proof
IEC designation
“LR6”
the batteries.
be replaced
is described
once a year.
in the manual
of the machine
manufacturer
Error messages
The TNC checks
input data and status of the contra
Cause and reaction
of the control:
and machine.
Remedy:
Input range
exceeded
The permitted range of values is exceeded:
e.g. feed rate too high.
The value is not accepted and an error
message appears.
Clear the value with the “CE” key,
enter and confirm the correct value.
Incompatible/
contradictory
inputs
E.g. GO0 X+50
Change to the “PROGRAMMING
AND EDITING”
operating mode. The error can normally be found
either in the block with the displayed block number or in a previously executed block.
Then: correct the error.
Operating mode “Full sequence” and restart.
Malfunction
of the machine
or control
X+100
During “TEST RUN” or during program execution,
the TNC stops with an error message before executing the corresponding
block and displays the
block number in which an error was found.
Malfunctions
that affect operating
blinking error messages.
Note down
safety cause
Switch
off the machine
or the control.
Remove the fault if possrble.
Attempt to restart
the error message!
If the program then runs correctly,
was only a spurious malfunction.
the problem
If the same error message comes up again,
contact the customer service of the machine
manufacturer.
Page
A2
General
Information
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
TNC 2500B
Brief description
Control
type
Contouring
control
for 4 axes
Traversing
possibilities
Straight lines In 3 axes
Circles in 2 axes
Helix
Background
programming
Programming
Graphics
Graphic
Program
Input
input
resolution
Program
memory
Tools
and program
simulation
In HEIDENHAIN
execution
simultaneously
in the “Program
run” operating
format
or according
Max. 0.001 mm or 0.0001
For 32 programs,
battery
modes
to IS0
inch or O.OOl”
buffered:
4000
program
blocks
Up to 254 tool definitions In a program
Up to 99 tools in the central tool file
Programmable
Straight line, chamfer
Circle (input. center and end point of the arc or radius and end point of the arc), circle connected
tially to the contour (input: arc end point)
Corner rounding (input: radius)
Tangential approach and departure from a contour
Contour
Program
jumps
Subprograms,
program
section
Coordinate
transformations
Move and rotate the coordinate
Probing
For 3-D touch trigger
functions
Parameter
programming
Traversing
repeats, call of other programs
Drilling cycles for pecking, tapping
Milling cycles for rectangular pocket, circular pocket, slot
“Subcontour
List” cycles for milling pockets and islands with irregular
Fixed cycles
Cutting
functions
system, mirror image, scaling
probe
functions (= / + / - / x / t / sin / cos / angle a from axis sections
parameter comparison
(= / + / > / <)
Mathematical
I& / I&+);
range
Max. f 30000
/
mm or 1180 inches
Traversing speed: max. 30 m/min
Spindle speed: max. 99999 rpm
data
contours
or 1180 rnches/min
Hardware
Component
Block
processing
units
Logic unrt, control
1500 blocks/min
panel and monochrome
screen
(40 ms)
time
Control loop
cycle time
6 ms
Data interface
RS232-C/V.24
Data transfer
Ambient
temperature
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
speed.
max. 19200
baud
Operation: O” C to 45” C (32O F to 113” F)
Storage, -30” C to 70’ C (-22’ F to 158O F)
General
Information
Page
A3
tangen
Machine
modes
Manual
operation
operating
The axes can be moved via the external axis
drrection buttons. Workpiece datum can be set as
desired.
MRNURL
OPERRTION
RCTL.
49,258
x
+
Y
+
0
+
23,254
15,321
MS/9
Iii0
Electronic
Handwheel
The axes can be moved either via an electronic
handwheel
or via the external axis direction
buttons. It IS also possible to position by defined
jog Increments.
INTERPOLRTION
FRCTOR:
RCTL.
x
5
49,258
+
Y
0
23,254
15,321
+
+
MS/9
Id0
Positioning
with manual
data input
WW
The axes are positioned according to the data
keyed In. These data are not stored.
POSITIONING
N10
MRNURL
G07
X+20
RCTL.
F200
#a
DRTR
9,375
8,200
8,985
0,180
+
Y
z
A
+
+
+
T
Program
run
Full sequence
Single
fia
1% i
block
A part program In the memory
executed by the machine.
of the control
PROGRRN
with the machrne
X7410
Nl0
N20
N25
N30
N40
NSO
N60
RCTL.
General
Information
RUN/FULL
G71
SECIUENCE
#c
Tl
L+0
R+2
stf
Tl
G17
Sl000
#c
EBB G40
G90
X+10
Y+lQ
GS4
X+100
Y+20
#f
G99
628
X
El
2
t
t
M03
*
S
Jt0
It100
*
G73
G90
Ht31S
_________________---____________
T
Page
A4
MS/9
F
is
After starting vra the machine START button, the
program IS automatically
executed until the end
or a STOP is reached.
Each block is started separately
START button.
INPUT
m
9,375
8,985
#c
Y
R
t
t
F
0
8,200
0,180
MS/9
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
Programming
Programming
and editing
modes
Part programs can be entered, looked over and
altered in the “Programming
and editing” operating mode.
In addrtion, programs can be read in and output
via the RS-232-C data interface.
PROGRAMMING
RNO
EDITING
N10
G99
Tl
L+0
N20
Tl
G17
Sl000
s
N2.5
G00
G40
G90
X+10
N30
654
X+100
Y+20
*
N40
G28
X 46
N50
It100
Jt0
#c
N60
673
G90
Ht315
so
__-----------------_____________
RCTL.
E(
2
t
+
9,375
8,985
T
Test run
In the “Test run” operating mode, machining programs are analyzed for logrcal programming
errors, e.g. exceeding the traversing range of the
machine, redundant programming
of axes, certain
geometrical
incompatibilities
etc.
TEST
*
Y+10
Y
R
t
t
F
0
*
8,200
0,180
MS/9
RUN
Nl0
G99
Tl
L+0
Rt2
*
N20
Tl
G17
Sl000
*
N2S
EBB
G40
G90
X+10
Yt10
N30
G54
X+100
Yt20
+B
N40
G28
X #
N50
It100
Jt0
*
N60
G73
G90
Ht315
*
____----------__________________
FICTL.
M03
El
2
t
t
9,375
8,985
T
Y
R
t
t
F
0
M03
*
8,200
0,180
MS/9
Test graphics
GRAPHICS
In the “Program run” operating modes “full sequence” and “single block”, you can graphically
simulate machining programs via the “GRAPHICS”
keys.
Display
plan
l view
l 3-D
l
External
data transfer
modes:
view with depth
in three planes
view
indication
1
In the “Programming
and editing” mode, programs can be read-in from an external storage
medium and read-out to an external unit. Data
transfer takes place via the RS-232-C data interface.
In the “Program run, single block” and “Program
run, full sequence” modes of operation it is possible to read-in programs whose size exceeds the
control’s memory block by block for simultaneous
execution.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
General
Information
I
Page
A5
Accessories
3D Touch Probe Systems
The TNC software incorporates
measuring cycles
for the application of a HEIDENHAIN 3D Touch
Probe in the “Manual”, “Handwheel”
and “Program run” operating modes.
Manual
use
The following
the “Manual”
measurements
can be performed in
and “Handwheel”
operating modes:
posttron
line
0 angle
l corner point
0 circle radius and circle center
l
l
The probing functions allow compensation
of
workpiece
misalignment
and automatic setting
of the position displays to help you setup work
pieces more easily, quickly and accurately.
The probing functions can also be used for
measurements
on the workpiece.
Program
run
You can program positron measurements
in the
“Programming
and editing” operating mode. This
feature can be used with Q parameter programming to execute measurements
before, during
and after machining a piece (see index “Programming and Editing”, Programmable
probing function and Parameter programming).
TS 120
HEIDENHAIN offers touch probes in various versions. There are different clamprng shafts to affix
the probe head in the spindle like a tool. The
stylus is replaceable.
Standard versions are:
TS 120
Touch Probe System 120
with cable connection and interface
incorporated
into probe.
TS 511
electronics,
Touch Probe System 511
with infrared transmission,
separate interface
electronrcs and transmitter/receiver
unit.
This probe head has a transmitter and receiver
window
(for the triggering signal) on one side
and another transmitter window offset by 180”.
The side with the transmitter and receiver window
must be pointed towards the transmitter/receiver
unit during measurement.
TS 511
Certain preparatory measures
touch probe system.
Page
A6
are required
General
by the machine
Information
tool manufacturer
for the connection
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
of a
4
Accessories
FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit
HR 13O/HR 330 Electronic Handwheels
FE 401
Floppy Disk
Unit
Part programs which do not have to reside permanently in the control memory can be stored
with the FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit
The storage medium is a normal 3 l/2 Inch diskette, capable of storing up to 256 programs and
a total of approximately
25000 program blocks
Programs can be transferred
diskette or vice-versa.
from the TNC to
Programs written at off-line programming
stations
can also be stored on diskette with the FE 401
and read into the control as needed.
In the case of extremely long programs which
exceed the storage capacity of the TNC, the FE 401
can be used to transfer a program blockwrse into
the control while simultaneously
executing it.
A second
drskette drive is provided
Specifications
for backing
up stored programs
purposes
FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit with two drives
Data storage
Storage
medium
capacity
3 l/2 inch diskette,
I approx.
double-sided,
790 KB (25000
135 TPI
blocks); max. 256 programs
Data interface
I Two RS-232-C
data interfaces
Transfer rate
“TNC” Interface: 2400/9600/19
200/38400
baud
I “PRT” interface: 110/150/300/600/1200/2400/4800/9600/19200/38400
Handwheel
The control can be equipped with an electronrc
handwheel
for better machine setup. Two versions of the electronic handwheel
are available:
HR 130
Designed to be incorporated
into the machine
control unit. The axis of control IS selected at the
machine control panel.
HR 330
Includes keys for axis selection (A), axis drrection (B). rapid traverse (C). emergency stop (D).
magnetic holding pads (E) and enabling switch (F).
HR 130
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
and for copying
General
Information
baud
HR 330
Page
A7
MOD Functions
In addition to the main operating modes, the TNC has supplementary
MOD functions. These permit additional displays and settings.
operating
modes or so-called
Initiate the dialog
I
Selecting
VACANT
MEMORY
Select MOD functions
erther vra arrow keys
or via the MOD key
(only paging forward possible).
160044
Terminating
Transfer numerical
Vacant
memory
The number
MEMORY”.
inputs with the “ENT” key before terminating
of free characters
in the program
memory
the MOD functions
is displayed
with the MOD function
Programming
and editing
You can use this MOD functron to switch the control between conversational
and IS0 format (ISO). Switchover is performed with the “ENT” key.
Baud
The transfer
rate
RS-232-C
interface
rate for the data interface
The data Interfaces
“ENT” key:
l
l
l
ME operation
FE operation
EXT operation:
can be switched
operation
is specified
with “BAUD
via “KS-232-C
with other external
interface”
format
“VACANT
(HEIDENHAIN)
RATE’
to the following
operating
modes
with the
devices.
NC software
number
The software
number
of the TNC control
PLC software
number
The software
number
of the integrated
User
parameters
Up to 16 machine parameters can be accessed by the machine operator with this MOD function. These
user parameters are defined by the machine manufacturer
- he may be contacted for more Information.
Code
A code number can be entered with this MOD function:
l 86357:
cancel “erase and edit protection”
number
l
Page
A8
is displayed
PLC is displayed
123: select the user parameters.
These user parameters are accessible
General
wrth this MOD function
with this MOD function
on all controls
Information
(see User parameters)
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
MOD Functions
Position displays
Change
mm/inch
The MOD function “Change mm/inch” determines
whether the control displays positions in the
metric system (mm) or in the Inch system. You
switch between the mm and Inch systems via the
“ENT” key. After pressing this key the control
switches to the other system.
X 15.789
You can recognize whether the control is displaying in mm or inches by the number of digits
behind the decimal point:
Xl 5.789
mm display
X 0.6216
inch display.
1”“““‘I”“’
0
"'1""1'Irn
20
10
0.6216
I
0
Position
displays
The following
position
displays
30
0.5
--J--YlCtl
1
can be selected:
0 nominal position
of the control
NOML
0 difference nominal/actual
positron (lag distance)
LAG
0 actual position
ACTL.
6 remaining distance to
programmed
position
DIST.
0 position based on the
scale datum
REF
A = last programmed
position
(starting position)
B = new (programmed)
target position,
which is presently targeted
W = Workpiece datum for the part program
M = scale datum (machine-based)
Switchover
Position
display
large/small
The character height of the position display can be changed In the operating modes “Program run/single
block” or “Program run/full sequence”. The position display shows 11 program blocks with small
characters, two with large characters.
Switchover
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
is with the “ENT” key
is with the “ENT” key.
General
Information
Page
A9
MOD Functions
Traverswnge
limits
Limits
The maximum drsplacements
are preset by fixed
software limrts.
The MOD function “Limits” enables you to specify
additional software limits for a “safety range”
within the limits set by the fixed software limits.
Thus you can, for example, protect against collision when clamping a dividing attachment. The
displacements
are limited on each axis successively In both directions based on the scale datum
(reference marks). The position display must be
switched to REF before specifying the limit positions of the positron display.
To work without safety limits, enter the maximum
values +30000.000
or -30000.000
for the
corresponding
axes.
-0
8
Effectiveness
The entered limits do not account for tool compensations.
Like the software limit switches, they are only
effective after you traverse the reference points. They are reactivated with the last entered values after a
power interruption.
Determine
values
Enter
= scale datum
To determine the input values, switch the
position display to REF.
values
Traverse to the end positions of
the axis/axes which is/are to be
limited.
Note the appropriate
REF
displays (with signs).
Continue pressrng
unttl LIMIT appears
Select
Enter the limit(s)
Enter value, or
select the next limit
terminate
the input
L
,Page
A 10
General
Information
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
4
4
User Parameters
General Information
Machine
parameters
The TNC contouring
controls are rndivrdualized and adapted to the machine via machine parameters
(MP). These parameters consist of important data which determine the behavior and performance
of the
machine.
Parameters
accessible
for the user
Certain machine parameters which determine functions
gramming and displays are accessible for the user.
Examples
l
l
l
Accessibility
dealing
only with operating
procedures,
Scaling factor only effective on X, Y or on X, Y, Z.
Adapting the data interface to different external devices.
Drsplay possibilities of the screen.
The user can access these machine
parameters
in two ways.
l
Access by entering the code number 123.
This access is possrble on every control (see code number
l
Access to addttronal parameters via the MOD function User parameters.
You can only access via the MOD function if the manufacturer
has made the machine
accessible for this purpose.
The machine
parameters.
manufacturer
123).
can inform you about the sequence,
Only these machine
parameters
may be changed
change any non-accessible
machine
parameters.
meaning,
parameters
texts etc. of any user
by the user. In no case should
the user
Select the user parameter.
Selection
Continue pressing until the desired
USER PARAMETER or dialog appears.
n
Enter numbers.
Terminate
or select further
user parameters
then terminate.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
pro-
General
Information
with
I
and
Page
A 11
User Parameters
After entering the code number 123 vra MOD, the following machine parameters and the parameters
the data interface (see index “Programmrng
Modes”, ” External data transfer”) can be selected and
changed.
Measuring
with the
3D touch
probe
Display and
programming
Function
Parameter
no.
Input
Probe system selectron
6010
0 + Cable transmrssion
1 + Infrared transmrssron
Probe system: feed rate for probing
6120
80 to 3000
Probe system:
6130
0 to 30000.000
[mm]
Probe system: set-up clearance
over measuring point for
automatic measurement
6140
0 to 30000.000
[mm]
Probe system:
probing
6150
80 to 29998
Parameter
no.
Input
7210
0 * Control
1 + Programming
2 + Programming
measuring
distance
rapid traverse
for
Function
Programming
station
Block number
increment
[mm/mm]
[mm/min]
Input
values
station.
station:
PLC active
PLC inactive
7220
0 to 255
7230
0 --f First dialog language
1 + Second dialog language
Inhibit PGM Input for
PGM no. = user cycle no
7240
0 + Inhibited
1 + Uninhibited
Central tool file
7260
0 + No central tool file
1 to 99 = Central tool file
Input value = Number of tools
Display of the current feed rate
before start in the manual
operating
modes (same feed rate
in all axes, i.e smallest
programmable
feed rate)
7270
0 + No display
1 + Display
Decimal
character
7280
0 + Decimal
1 --f Decimal
Display increment
7290
O-l
urn
I-5um
Clearing the status display and
the Q parameters with M02, M30
and end of program
7300
0 + Status display is not cleared
1 + Status display is cleared
Graphics
7310
Switchrng of dialog
German/English
language
(display mode)
Switch over projection
“display In 3 planes”
Bit
0
type
Rotate the coordinate system
in the machining plane by 90’
Page
A 12
Input
values
1
General
Information
(English)
comma
point
+ 0 + Preferred
+ 1 + Preferred
German
American
+ 0 + No rotation
+ 2 + Coordinate system
rotated by +90°
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
for
User Parameters
Machining
program
and
run
Function
Parameter
no.
Input
“Scaling” cycle is effective
on 2 axes or 3 axes
7410
3 + 3 axes
1 + in the machining
SL cycles for milling pockets
with irregular contour
7420
Bit
0
“Rough out” cycle:
direction for pilot milling
of contour
t 0 - Pilot mrllrng
for pockets
for islands
t 1 + Pilot milling
for pockets
for islands
plane
of contour
counterclockwise,
clockwise
of contour
clockwise,
counterclockwise
“Rough out” cycle:
sequence for rough
out and pilot milling
t 0 + First mill a channel
around the contour,
then rough out the pocket
t 2 + First rough out the
pocket, then mill a
channel around the contour
Joining compensated
or
uncompensated
contours
t 0 + Joining compensated
contours
t 4 + Joining uncompensated
contours
“Rough out” and
“pilot milling” to pocket
depth or for every infeed
to-”
t8-
Overlap factor for
pocket milling
7430
Output
7440
of M functions
Programmed
Rough out” and “pilot millrng”
are performed continuously
over all infeeds
“Pilot milling” and
then “rough out”
are performed for every
infeed (depending
on brt 1)
prior to the next infeed
3.1 to 1.414
Bit
0
stop at MO6
Output of M89,
modal cvcle call
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Input
values
1
t 0 + Programmed
stop at MO6
t 1 - No programmed
stop
at MO6
t 0 + No cycle call,
normal output of M89
at start of block
+ 2 + Modal cycle call
at end of block
Constant path speed
at corners
.
7460
0 to 179.999
Display mode for rotary axis
7470
0 + 0 to 359.999
1 + f 30000.000
General
Information
Page
A 13
User Parameters
Hardware
Function
Feed rate and spindle
Parameter
no.
override
7620
Bit
0
Feed rate override, if rapid
traverse key is pressed in
operating mode “Program run”
+ 0 + Override
+ 1 + Override
inactive
active
Feed rate override
in 2% increments
or 1 % increments
1
+ 0 + 2% increments
+ 2 + 1 % increments
Feed rate override, if
rapid traverse key and external
direction buttons are pressed
2
+ 0 + Override inactive
+ 4 + Override active
7640
Handwheel
Page
A 14
Input
values
Input
I
General
Information
0 = Machine with electronic
handwheel
1 = Machine without electronic
handwheel
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
Coordinates
The coordinate
system
In a part program, the nominal
positions
of the tool (or of the tool cutting edge) are defined in relation
to the workpiece;
encoders on the machine axes continuously
deliver the signals needed by the control
for determining
the current actual position.
A reference system is always required
be workpiece-based.
for determining
Cartesian
coordinates
The reference system normally used is the rectangular
or Cartesian*
coordinate
system
(coordinates
are those values which define a
unique point In a reference system). The system
consists of three coordinate axes, perpendicular
to each other and lying parallel to the machine
axes, which intersect each other at the so-called
origin or (absolute) zero point. The coordinate
axes represent mathematically
ideal straight lines
with divisions; the axes are termed X, Y and Z.
Righthand
rule
You can easily remember the traversing directions with the right-hand
rule: the positive direction of the X axis is assigned to the thumb, that
of the Y axis to the index finger, and that of the Z
axis to the middle finger.
position.
In the present
case, such a system must
IS0 841 specifies that the 2 axis should be
defined according to the direction
of the tool
spindle, whereby the positive Z direction always
points from the workpiece
to the tool.
*) after the French mathematician
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
I
Rene Descartes,
General
Information
in Latin Renatus Cartesius
(1596 - 1650).
Coordinates
Datum
Relative
tooi
movement
Part programs are always written with workpiecebased coordinates X, Y, Z. That is, they are written as if the tool moves and the workpiece
remains still, Independent
of the machine type.
If, however, the work support on a given machine
actually moves in any axis, then the direction of
the coordinate axis and the direction of traverse
will be opposite.
In such a case the machine
as X’, Y’ and Z’.
Zero point of
the coordinate
system
axes are designated
For the zero point of the coordinate
system,
the position on the workpiece
which corresponds
to the datum of the part drawing is generally
chosen - that is, the point to which the part
dimensioning
is referenced.
For reasons of safety, the workpiece datum in the
Z axis is almost always positioned at the highest
point on the workprece.
The datum position indicated in the drawing to
the right is valid for all programming
examples in
this manual.
Machining
operations in a horizontal plane require
freedom of movement mainly in the positive X
and Y directions. lnfeeds starting from the upper
edge of the workpiece
Z = 0 correspond to
negative posttion values.
Datum
Setting
Page
A 16
machine
table
The workpiece-based
rectangular coordinate
system is defined when the coordinates of any
datum P are known - that is, when the tool is
moved to the datum position and the control
“sets” the corresponding
coordrnates (datum setting).
General
Information
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Coordinates
Absolute and incremental
coordinates
If a given point on the workpiece
is referenced to
the datum, then one speaks of absolute
coordinates or absolute drmensrons. It is also possible
to indicate a position which is referenced to another known workpiece
position:
in this case
one speaks of incremental
coordinates
or
incremental dimensions.
Absolute
dimensions
The machine is to be moved to a certain
or to certarn nominal coordinates.
Example:
GO0 G90 X+30
position
Y+30
Dimensions In this manual are given as absolute
Cartesian
dimensions
unless otherwise indrcated.
Incremental
(chain)
dimensions
Incremental dimensions in a part program always
refer to the immediately
preceding
nominal
position.
Incremental dimensions are indicated
bv the letter I.
The machine is to be moved by a certain drstance: it moves from the previous position along
a distance given by the incremental nominal
coordinate values.
Example: GO0 G91 X+10 Y+lO
Mixing
absolute
and incremental
dimensions
It is possrble to mix absolute and incremental
coordinates
within the same program block.
Polar
coordinates
Posrtrons on the workpiece can also be programmed by entering the radius and the drrectron
angle referenced to a pole (see index Programming Modes, Polar coordinates).
Example:
GO0 G91 X+10
G90 Y+30
I, J = Pole
R = Polar radius (distance from pole)
H = Polar angle (direction angle)
Y
1
J
Xc/
Pole
5c
X
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
I
General
Information
I
Page
A 17
Linear and Angle
Linear and
angle
encoders
in machine
tools
Encpders
Each machine axis requires a measuring system to provide the control with informatron
position: linear encoders for linear axes, angle encoders for rotary axes.
Grating
Light
Principle
source
Condenser
of photoelectric
scanning
axes,
period
lens
of fine gratings
LS IOIC, LS 107c
With linear
on the actual
RON 706C, ROD 250C
position
measurement
is generally
based on either
a photoelectrically
scanned steel or glass scale, or
the high-precision
ballscrew,
which also functions as the moving
then produced by a rotary encoder coupled to the ballscrew).
l
l
element
(the electrical
With rotary axes, a graduated disk permanently
attached to the axis is photoelectrically
TNC forms the position value by counting the generated impulses.
Page
A 18
General
Information
signals are
scanned.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
The
Linear and Angle
Linear and angle encoders
Datum
Reference
Encoders
are machine-based:
The datum for determination
of the nominal and actual position must correspond
to the workpiece
datum, or be brought into correspondence
by setting the correct position value (= the position value
determined
by the workprece datum) in any axis position. This procedure is called datum setting (or
datum presetting).
marks
After the control has been switched off or after a power interruption,
again. To simplify this task, the encoders possess reference
marks,
datum points.
it is necessary to set the datum
which in a sense also represent
The relationship between axis positions and position values which were established by the last setting of
the workpiece datum (datum setting), are automatically
retrieved by traversing over the reference
marks after switch-on. This also re-establishes
the machine-based
references such as the software limit
switch or tool change position.
In the case of linear encoders with distance-coded
reference marks, the machine axes need only be
traversed by a maximum of 20 mm. For angle encoders with distance-coded
reference marks, a rotation
of just 20° is required.
Linear encoders with only one reference mark have an “RM” label which indicates the position of the
reference mark, while angle encoders with one reference mark indicate the position with a notch on the
shaft.
Schematic
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
of scale with distance-coded
General
reference
Information
marks
Page
A 19
Cutting Data
Feed rate diagram
The feed rate F must be defined In [mm/min]
in the program. Usually, the number of teeth n on the tool,
the permitted depth of cut d per tooth (in mm) and the previously determined
spindle speed S (in rpm)
are given. The diagram below helps you determine the feed rate F.
Determine
Given:
Selected:
Find:
the required
n
d
S
F
=
=
=
=
feed
rate F in [mm/min]
number of teeth
permitted depth of cut per tooth
spindle speed
feed rate
Example
6
0.1 [mm]
500 [rpm]
Depth of cut
d [mm1
Spindle
speed
S [wml
Calculation
Horizontal line through depth of cut 0.1 mm
Vertical line through spindle soeed 500 m/min
At the point of intersection, read off the feed rate
F = 50 mm/min; this is multiplred by the number
of teeth n = 6:
F = 300 mm/min
d=
Formula
Page
A 20
Prerequisites:
The feed rate determination
assumes that
l the tool axis infeed = l/2 tool radius
or
l the lateral infeed = l/4 tool radius and the
downfeed is selected equal to the tool radius
F
-orF=d.S.n
S.n
1
General
Information
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
-
Cutting Data
Spindle speed diagram
The spindle speed S must be entered in [rpm] in the part program. Usually the tool radius R is given In
[mm] and the cutting speed V rn [m/mm]. The dragram below helps you determine the spindle speed S.
Determining
the required
spindle
speed
S in [rpm]
Example
16 [mm]
50 [m/min]
Given: k = tool radius
V = cutting speed
Find: S = spindle speed
Tool radius
R [mm1
Cutting speed
V [m/min]
Calculation
Horizontal line through the tool radius R = 16 mm
Vertical line through the cutting speed V = 50 m/min
Read off the value at the point of intersection:
V=2R.n.S;
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
S=V
approx.
500 rpm (calculated:
497 rpm)
2R r-r
General
Information
Page
A 21
Cutting Data
Feed rate diagram
for tapping
When tapping a thread, the pitch P is given [mm/rev]. The spindle speed S and the feed rate F must be
defined in the program. First, the spindle speed is determined
in the appropriate
diagram, then the feed
rate IS found in the diagram below.
Determine
Given :
Selected:
Find :
the required
feed rate F in [mm/min]
Example
1 [mm/rev]
100 [rpm]
p = pitch [mm/rev]
S = spindle speed [rpm]
F = feed rate [mm/min]
Pitch
p [mm/rev1
Spindle
speed
S [wl
Calculation
Horizontal line through pitch p = 1.0 mm/rev
Vertical line through spindle speed S = 100 rpm
Read off feed rate at point of intersection:
F = 100 mm/min to tap this thread.
Formula
p=EorF=p.S
Page
A 22
General
Information
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
Machine
Operating
Modes
(M)
Switch-On
Manual
1
Traversing
the reference
points
Traversing
with the axis direction
Operation
3D Touch
Spindle
speed S/Miscellaneous
Datum
setting
functions
with
probe
effective length
4
Calibrating
effective radius
5
Reference
surface,
6
Position measurement
corner coordinates
11
15
Handwheel/
Jog
Tool call/Spindle
axis/Spindle
to entered
speed
coordinates
17
18
Run
19
Single block, Full sequence
Interrupting
the program
Checking/changing
Background
Blockwise
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25009
the circle radius
9
13
without
Positionrng
Program
7
measurement
Circle center = datum/Determining
with Manual
(MDI)
3
system
Corner = datum/Determrnrng
Positioning
Data Input
2
Calibrating
Basic rotation, Angular
Electronic
Incremental
M
Probe
or
Datum setting
probe system
2
buttons
run
Q parameters
Machine
(drip feed)
Operating
21
22
programming
transfer
20
Modes
23
Switch-On
Traversing the reference
points
Switch-On
0
@:,
MEMORY
TEST
POWER
INTERRUPTED
RELAY
EXT.
MANUAL
TRAVERSE
power
on.
The TNC tests the internal control
electronics.
The display is automatically
cleared
Delete the message.
The control then tests the
EMERGENCY STOP circuit
DC VOLTAGE
MISSING
Switch
on the control
DC voltage.
Traverse the axes over the reference
in the displayed sequence.
OPERATION
REFERENCE
Switch
POINTS
points
Start each axis separately
or
move the axes with the
external direction keys.
z AXIS
x AXIS
Y AXIS
The sequence of the axes is determined
the machine manufacturer.
4th AXIS
MANUAL
Encoders
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
“Manual operation”
matically.
OPERATION
is now selected
The required traversing distance for linear and
angle encoders with distance-coded
reference
marks is max. 10 mm or 20 mm/IO0 or 20°.
If the encoder has only one reference mark, it
must be traversed.
Machine
Operating
Modes
Page
Ml
auto-
by
Manual Operation
Traversing with the axis direction buttons/
Spindle speed S/Miscellaneous
functions M
The machine axes can be moved and the datum
set in the “Manual” operating mode.
anon0
0000
The machine axis moves as long as the corresponding external axis direction button is held
down. Several axes can be driven simultaneously
In the jog mode.
Jog mode
Continuous
operation
00000
0000
0D00
q uooc3
cl0000
oona[l
oclooo
q nnn
OIJOU
A
If the machine “START” button is pressed simultaneously with an axis direction button, the selected machine axis continues to move after the two
buttons are released. Movement is stopped with
the external “STOP” button.
Cl Iii
cl
q OOOO
I=o/o s-0,
Feed rate
override
The traverse speed (feed rate) is preset by machine
override (F O/o) of the control.
Note
parameters
and can be varied with the feed rate
If a block number increment between 1 and 255 is selected (see index M “General Information”,
user parameter MP 7220). the block number can be omitted since it is generated automatically
pressing a function key.
Spindle
speed
by
Enter the block number.
Enter spindle
Example
NlO S 1000 *
Spindle
override
On machines with continuously
override (S o/o).
Miscellaneous
function
speed S (e.g. 1000)
variable spindle
Enter the block number.
Enter the M function
Example
N10 MO3 *
Combination
It is also possible
Example
NlO SlOOO MO3 *
Page
M2
drives, the speed can also be varied with the spindle
to enter both spindle
Machine
(e.g. M03)
speed and miscellaneous
Operating
Modes
function
M in one block.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
3D Touch Probe
Datum setting with probe system
Using the
touch probe
for setup
For workpiece
setup the 3D touch probe systems
from HEIDENHAIN in association with TNC software offer considerable
benefits. One is that the
workpiece
does not have to be aligned precisely
to the machine axes: The TNC will determine and
compensate
misalignment
automatically
(“basic
rotation”). Another important benefit of the 3D
touch probe systems is significantly faster and
more accurate datum setting.
TS 511
Probing
functions
The touch probe functions described below can
also be employed in the “electronic handwheel”
operating mode.
Pressing the “TOUCH PROBE” key calls the menu
shown here to the right. The probing function is
selected with the cursor keys and entered with
the “ENT” key.
Calibration
The effective length of the probe and the effective radius of the probing ball must be calibrated
once, before beginning touch probe work. Both
dimensions are determined
by CALIBRATION
routines and stored in the control.
Terminating
the probing
functions
The probing functions
time with “END 0”.
Process
The probe head traverses to the side or upper
surface of the work. The feed rate during measurement and the maximum measuring distance
are set by the machine manufacturer
via machine
parameters.
can be terminated
CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE LENGTH
CALIBRATION EFFECTIVE RADIUS
BASIC ROTATION
SURFACE = DATUM
CORNER = DATUM
CIRCLE CENTER = DATUM
at any
The touch probe system signals contact with the
workpiece to the control. The control stores the
coordinates
of the contacted points. The probing
axis is stopped and retracted to the starting point.
Overrun caused by braking does not affect the
measured result.
@
= pre-positioning
with the external axis
direction buttons.
Fl
= feed rate for pre-positioning.
F2
= feed rate for probing.
FMAX = retraction in rapid traverse.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Machine
Operating
Modes
Page
M3
3D Touch Probe
Calibrating effective length
Work aid:
ring gauge
A
B
C
D
L
R
AZ
Procedure
r
For calibration of the effective length, a ring
gauge of known height and known Internal radius
is clamped to the machine table.
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
zero tool
3D touch probe
ring gauge
reference plane (surface)
length of the zero tool
ball tip radius
effective length of probe system
The reference
to calibration.
plane is set with the zero tool prror
To determine the effective length of the stylus,
the probe head touches the reference plane.
After contacting the surface, the probe head is
retracted in rapid traverse to the starting position.
The length L IS stored by the control and automatically compensated
during the measurements.
Initiate the dialog
CALIBRATION
TOOL
EFFECTIVE
AXIS
Select probing
and enter.
LENGTH
0
= Z
Enter a different
function
tool axis if required.
Select the “Datum”.
DATUM
cl
+5
Enter the datum
e.g. +5.0 mm.
in the tool axis,
Move the touch probe to the
vicinitv of the reference blane
Select the direction of probe
movement, here Z-.
The probe head moves in negative
z+ z-
After touching the surface and returning
to the starting position, the control
automatically
switches to the “Manual
operation” or “Handwheel”
operating mode.
Display
The value for effective length can be displayed
Page
M4
Machine
Operating
by selecting
Modes
“Calibration
effective length”
again
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
3D Touch Probe
Calibrating effective radius
Procedure
The probe ball is lowered Into the bore of the ring
gauge. 4 points on the wall must be touched to
determine the effective radius of the stylus ball.
The traverse directions are determined
by the
control, e.g. X-t, X-, Y+, Y- (tool axis = Z).
The probe head is retracted in rapid traverse
the starting position after every deflection.
to
The radius R is stored by the control and automatrcally compensated
during the measurements.
Initiate the dialog
CALIBRATION
TOOL
AXIS
EFFECTIVE
Select probing
and enter.
RADIUS
Cl
= Z
Enter another
Select “Radius
RADIUS
RING
x+
GAUGE
x-
function
tool axis if required.
ring gauge”.
= 10
Enter the radius of the ring gauge,
e.g. 10.0 mm.
Y+
Traverse approxrmately
to the
center of the ring gauge.
ect the traversing direction of the
probe head (only necessary if you
prefer a certain sequence or the
exclusion of one probing direction).
Y-
Probe a total of 4 times.
After contacting the wall of the ring gauge
four times, the control automatically
switches to the “Manual operation” or
“Handwheel”
operating modes.
Display
You can display the value for effective radius by selecting
Error
messages
All touch probe systems:
Touch probe system TS 511:
TOUCH POINT INACCESSIBLE
The stylus was not deflected within the
measuring distance (machine parameter).
PROBE SYSTEM NOT READY
Probe system not set up correctly, or transmission path was interrupted.
The transmitter and receiver window
(i.e. the side
with two windows)
must be pointed towards the
transmitter/receiver
unit.
STYLUS ALREADY
IN CONTACT
The stylus was already deflected at the start.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
Machine
Operating
Modes
“Calibration
effective radius”
again.
Page
M5
3D Touch Probe
Reference surface,
Position measurement
The posrtron of a surface on the clamped workpiece is determined
with the probing function
“Surface = datum”.
Functions
Measuring
positions
l
Setting
the reference
plane @
l
Measuring
positrons
@
l
Measuring
distances
0
Initiate the dialog
SURFACE
Select probing
and enter.
= DATUM
function
Move to the starting
x+
x-
Y+
Y-
z-t
z-
c+
c-
Select the traversing
position
direction,
e.g. Z-.
Move the probe head in negative Z
direction. The probe head IS retracted in
rapid traverse to the starting position after
touching the surface.
Measured
value
r,,,,,,,
The control
Setting the
reference
plane
C
DATUM
Measuring
distances
Z+O
You can also measure
Page
M6
distances
on an aligned
Probe the first position
l
Probe the second position.
The distance can be read in the “Datum”
I
and set the datum
Machine
the measured
Enter a new value if required,
Confirm
l
displays
value.
e.g. 0 mm.
entry.
workpiece
(e.g. 0 mm).
display
Operating
Modes
!
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
3D Touch Probe
Basic rotation, Angular
measurement
The probing function “Baste rotation” determines
the angle of deviation of a plane surface from a
nominal direction, The angle is determined
In the
machining plane.
Functions
l
Basic rotation
(the control compensates
misalignment)
Y
for an angular
l
Correct an angular misalignment
(on a machine tool with rotary axis)
l
Measure
an angle.
-4
Basic
rotation
Initiate the dialog
BASIC
ROTATION
ROTATION
ANGLE
Select probing
and enter.
function
Select the “Rotation
angle”.
Enter the nominal direction of the
surface to be probed, e.g. 0”.
= 0
Move the probe head to the
starting position 0.
x+
x-
Y+
Y-
Select the probing
drrection,
e.g. Y+
The probe head travels in the selected
direction, e.g. Y+.
The probe head returns to the starting
position after touching the side surface
Move the probe head to the
starting position 0.
The probe head travels in the selected
direction, e.g. Y+.
The probe head returns to the second
starting positron after making contact. The
control automatically
switches to the
“Manual operation” or “Handwheel”
operating mode.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Machine
Operating
Modes
Page
M7
,
3D Touch Probe
Basic rotation, Angular
Displaying
the rotation
angle
measurement
The measured rotation angle is displayed by
selecting the probing function “Basic rotation”.
BRSIC
p3
Compensation
of angular misalignment
6 registered on the screen with “ROT” In the status
display. It also rematns stored after a power
interruption.
Cancelling
the
basic rotation
(rotation
angle O”)
The basic rotation is
the probing function
entering a O” rotation
The “ROT” display is
x-
ROTRTION
Y+
Y-
I
----------------____-----------ACTL*
;r
q
cancelled by selecting
“Basic rotation” and
angle.
cleared.
49.258
15.321
Y
+
+
Es
MS/9
OS
!&
Measuring
, fl:
Once basic rotation is activated, all subsequent programs are executed with rotation
and shown rotated in the graphic simulation.
angles
In addition
to basic rotation, angle measurements
Carry out the following
Compensating
misalignment
for
Execute a basic rotation.
l
Display the rotation angle.
Cancel the basic rotation.
On machine
axis.
tools with a rotary axis, you can also correct
Carry out the following
on aligned
workpieces.
procedure:
l
l
can also be performed
misalignment
of a workpiece
by rotating
procedure:
l
Execute a basic rotation.
Display and note the rotation
l
Cancel the basic rotation.
l
Enter the noted value for the rotary axis incrementally
in the “Positioning with MDI” operating
(see “Positioning to entered position”) and start the rotation with the machine “START” button.
l
the
angle.
4
Page
M8
I
Machine
Operating
Modes
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
mode
~
-
3D Touch Probe
Corner = datum/
Determining corner coordinates
Wrth the probing function “Corner = datum”, the
control computes the coordinates of a corner on
the clamped workpiece. The computed value can
be taken as datum for subsequent
machrnrng. All
nominal positions then refer to this point.
The probing function “Basic rotation” should
be performed before “Corner = datum”.
Process
The probe head touches two side surfaces
figure) from two different starting positions
side.
(see
per
\I
The corner point P is computed by the control as
the intersection of straight line A (contact points
0 and 0) with straight line B (contact points 0
and @).
0
c
After performing
a basic rotation
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
If the probing function “Corner = datum” is called
after performing a basic rotation (straight line A),
the first side need not be contacted.
Machine
Operating
Modes
Page
M9
3D Touch Probe
Corner = datum/
Determining corner coordinates
To transfer the direction of the first side face from the “basic rotation” routine, simply respond to the dralog query TOUCH POINTS OF BASIC ROTATION
? by pressing the “ENT” key (otherwise “NO ENT”)
P!?
If only the probing
rotation
function
“CORNER
DATUM”
is performed,
then it does not contain
a basic
Initiate the dialog
CORNER
Select probing
and enter.
= DATUM
First side
face
function
Move the probe head to the first
starting posrtion.
x+
x-
Y+
Y-
Select the probing
direction,
e.g. Y+.
The probe head travels in the selected
direction.
After touching the side face, the probe
head IS retracted to the starting position
L
Traverse to the second starting position and
probe in the same probing direction as described
above.
Second
side face
Move the probe head to the third
starting position.
x+
x-
Y+
Y-
Select the probing
direction,
e.g. X+.
The probe head travels In the selected
direction.
After touching the side face, the probe
head is retracted to the starting position
Traverse to the fourth starting
in the same probing direction
Display corner
coordinates/
Setting the
datum
DATUM
X+0
DATUM
Y+O
0
Enter the corner coordinates for
X and Y if required, e.g. X+0, Y+O.
q
Confirm
Page
M 10
Machine
Operating
Modes
position and probe
as described above.
entries.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
3D Touch Probe
Circle center = datum/
Determining the circle radius
In the probing function “Crrcle center = datum”,
the control computes the coordinates of the circle
center and the circle radius on a clamped workpiece with cylindrical surfaces. The coordinates of
the center can be used as the datum for subsequent machining. All nominal positions are then
referenced to this point.
The “Basic rotation” probing function must be
carried out prior to “Circle center = datum”.
Bore,
Circular
pocket
Position the probe head in the bore with the
remote axis direction keys. 4 different positions
are then touched by pressing the machine START
button.
VA
x-
y+
y- x+
63 8”
qQe
X
Outer
cylinder
On workpieces
with cylindrical outer surfaces, the
probing directions must be specified for each of
the four points.
0
VA
Ox+
.;‘1
0
Yx-O
Y+
0
X
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Machine
Operating
Modes
Page
M 11
3D Touch Probe
Circle center = datum/
Determining the circle radius
Initiate the dialog
Select the probtng
and enter.
CIRCLE CENTER = DATUM
x+
x-
Y+
function
Move the probe head to the first
starting position.
ct the probing direction if required,
X-.
Y-
Probe head travels in the selected
direction.
After touching face, the probe head is
retracted to the starting position.
Traverse to the second and third starting positions
and probe in different directions as described
above.
Move the probe head to the fourth
x+
x-
Y+
Select the probing
Y-
direction
if required,
The probe head travels in the selected
direction.
The probe head is retracted to the starting
posrtion after touching the side face.
Display
Datum
X+54.3 Y+21.576
Coordinates
PR+20
Circle radius.
setting
DATUM X+40
Enter the X and Y coordinates
center if necessary, e.g.‘X+40,
DATUM Y+30
Cl
Confirm
Page
M 12
of the circle center.
I
Machine
Operating
Modes
of the circle
Y+30.
entries.
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
Datum
setting
without
Align workpiece
and set datum
First alrgn the workpiece
parallel to the machine
axes In the conventional way. For datum setting
the machine is then moved to a known posttron
relative to the workpiece and the relevant position
values are entered with the axis keys.
Touching
working
Touch both sides of the workprece with a tool or
edge finder and, at contact, set the actual position display of the associated axis to the tool
radius or the ball tip radius of the edge finder
with a negative sign (here e.g. X = -5 mm,
Y = -5 mm).
in the
plane
Touching
in
the tool axis
(spindle axis)
probe system
The actual position display is set to zero when
the zero tool touches the work surface.
If the workpiece surface must not be scratched,
you can lay a metal shim of known thickness
(e.g. 0.1 mm) on it. Then enter the thickness
of the shim when contact is made
(e.g. Z = +O.l mm).
Preset
tools
When using preset tools (i.e. when the tool
lengths are already known) touch the work surface
with any tool. To assign the value 0 to the surface,
enter the length L of the inserted tool with a positive sign as the actual value for the infeed axis. If
the work surface has a value other than 0, enter
the following actual value:
(actual value Z) = (tool length L) + (surface position)
Example:
tool length L: 100 mm
position of the work surface:
+50
mm
actual value to be entered:
Z = 100 mm + 50 mm = 150 mm
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
I
Machine
Operating
Modes
Page
M 13
Manual Operation
Datum setting without
The datum is to be set with a drill (tool radius
R = 5 mm) as shown to the right
Example:
Setting
the datum
0 Touch the workpiece
Touching
Z axis
probe system
with
surface.
0 Touch side by moving
the Y axis
0 Touch side by moving
the X axis
uz
Initiate the dialog
DATUM SET Z =
n
, after surface 0 IS touched.
Enter the value for the Z axis, e.g. 0 mm.
Confirm entry.
The Z display reads: 0.000
Y axis
clY , after surface 0 is touched.
Initiate the dialog
DATUM SET Y =
Enter the value for the Y axis, e.g. 5 mm.
Here with a negative
sign.
Confirm entry.
The Y display reads: -5.000
X axis
u X , after surface 0 is touched
Initiate the dialog
Enter the value for the X axis, e.g. 5 mm.
DATUM SET X =
Here with a negative
sign
Confirm entry.
The X display reads: -5.000
The datum for the fourth axis can be set in a similar way.
If the dialog DATUM SET was opened
“END Cl”.
by mistake, the dialog can be terminated
Active datum points are only shown in the “ACTUAL” position display.
This display may have to be selected with “MOD” (see index A “General
Position displays”).
Page
M 14
I
Machine
Operating
Modes
with “NO ENT” or
Information/MOD
Functions
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
-
Electronic
Versions
Handwheel/lncrementaI
Jog
The control is usually equipped with an electronic
handwheel.
It can be used, for example, to set up
the machine.
There are two versions
wheel :
of the electronic
HR 130: to be incorporated
operating panel
hand-
into machine
HR 330: portable version with
axis selection keys (A),
axis direction keys (B),
rapid traverse key (C),
EMERGENCY STOP button (D),
magnetic holding pads (E).
enabling switch (F).
HR 130
Interpolation
factor
The displacement
per handwheel
turn is determined by the interpolation
factor (see table to the
right).
HR 330
Interpolation
factor
0
Displacement
in mm
per turn
20.0
1
2
Operating
the HR 130
The handwheel
is switched to the required
machine axis with the axis keys of the control
Operating
the HR 330
The axis IS selected on the handwheel.
The axis to be driven by the electronic
is highlighted
in the screen display.
Operating
2.5
1.25
5
6
0.625
0.313
i
0,078
0.156
9
10
0.039
0.020
INTERPOLRTION
FRCTOR:
x
Y
0
In the “Electronic handwheel”
operating
mode, the machine axes can also be driven
with the external axis direction buttons.
Machine
3
4
- I
handwheel
RCTL.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
10.0
5.0
Modes
+
+
+
5
m
49,258
23,254
15,321
Page
M 15
Electronic
Operating
the
HR 130/330
Set operating
Handwheel/lncrementaI
Jog
mode and initiate the dialog
INTERPOLATION FACTOR: 3
c1
Enter the desired
e.g. 4.
interpolatron
factor,
Confirm entry.
cl
y
1 INTERPOLATION FACTOR: 4
The tool can now be moved in a positive
or negative Y direction with the electronic
wheel.
incremental
positioning
jog
Select the axis:
on the control (HR 130)
or on the handwheel
(HR 330)
hand-
The machine manufacturer
can activate incremental jog positioning via the integral PLC. In this
case, a traversing increment can be entered in
this operating mode.
Y
The axis IS moved by the entered increment
when you press a machine axis button. This can
be repeated as often as desired. Only single-axis
movements are possible.
@ Jog increment:
Entering
the
jog increment
e.g. 2 mm.
0 Machine
axis button
(e.g. X) pressed
0 Machine
axis button
pressed
Set operating
once.
twice.
-4
mode and initiate the dialog
JOG-INCREMENT: 1.000
cl
Enter the jog increment,
e.g. 2 mm.
Confirm the entry.
JOG-INCREMENT: 2.000
or another
remote
axis key.
The axis is driven by the entered
Page
M 16
I
Machine
Operating
Modes
I
jog increment.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI)
Tool call/Spindle axis/Spindle speed
A tool must first be defined before tool radius compensation
tioning with MDI” mode of operation. A tool can be defined
program.
can be called with G41/G42 in the “Posieither in the central tool file or within a part
If no central tool file is used, you must define the tool with G99 in the “Program
“Program run, full sequence” mode.
The significance
Example:
tool call
of “G99”
and “T” are explarned
in index P “Programming
n
Input
run, single block” or
Modes,
Tool Definition”.
Tool number
Select spindle
cl
Spindle
Conclude
axis, e.g. Z
speed
block
Tool call
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Machine
Operating
Modes
Page
M 17
Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI)
Positioning to entered coordinates
In the “Positioning with MDI” mode, paraxial posittoning blocks (i.e. for traverse
entered and executed. The entered blocks are not saved in memory.
Approaching
the position
In only one axrs) can be
Paraxral posrtionrng
Input
No radius compensation
or
Paraxial compensatron
for
increased length (R+) or
Reduced
Incremental
length
(R-j
dimensions
AXIS and coordinate
n
n
Feed rate
M function
Conclude
block
Start positioning
Terminate
block entry
Terminates block immediatelv.
rotation remain effective.
Paraxial radius
compensation
For paraxial positioning blocks you need only
enter whether the tool path is shortened or
lengthened
by the tool radius.
value,
Earlier entries for tool radius compensation,
block.
feed rate, direction
-lv+-
of spindle
I I
G43 lengthens the tool path
G44 shortens the tool path.
If a G43/G44 radius compensation
entered for the angular positioning
spindle axis it will be ignored.
is also
of the
Nor is a tool radius compensation
effective
for a fourth axis when used for a rotary table.
0 Nominal
position
Machine
Operating
Modes
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Program Run
Single block, Full sequence
Stored programs
sequence”.
are executed
in the operating
modes
The workpiece
datum must be set before machining
See “Datum setting with/without
probe system”.
Program run
single block
In this operating mode, the control
restarted after every block.
Program
Operating
executes
“Program
run, full
the work!
the part program
run single block is best used for program
run, single block” and “Program
block by block The program
test and for the first program
mode
must be
run.
Single block
Selecting
the program
Select the program or,
if the program was
already selected:
select block 0.
The first program block is shown
line of the program.
0 BEGIN PGM 7225
in the current
Starting
run
Program
run
full sequence
In this operating mode, the control
program occurs.
Stop functions:
M02, M30, MOO (MO6 “STOP”,
The program
Selecting
the program
Operating
If assigned
run is also stopped
You must restart the program
executes
the machining
a stop function
if an error message
to continue
program
until a programmed
via machine
stop or end of
parameter)
appears.
after a programmed
mode
stop.
Full sequence
ect the program
scribed above.
and block number
as de
Starting
run
Feed rate
The programmed
feed rate can be varied via the feed rate override.
Spindle
The programmed
spindle
speed
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
speed can be varied via the spindle
Machine
Operating
Modes
override
(if output
IS
analog).
Page
M 19
Program Run
Interrupting the program
run
stop
Stop program run:
Stop axis movements wrth the machine
STOP button.
The block currently being processed IS
not completed.
The “control in operation”
( Ile ) display
blinks.
Abort
Interrupt program run.
The “control in operation”
cleared.
The control
Switching
to
single block
) display
is
stores:
l
the last tool called
l
coordinate
l
the last valid circle center/p01
l
the current
l
the return jump
transformations
program
In the “Program
“Single block”.
section
CC
repeat
label for subprograms
run, full sequence”
The block currently
being executed
operating
mode, you can interrupt
the program
run by switching
to
is completed.
I
I
Program run is to be discontinued
tion of the current block.
EMERGENCY
STOP
(*
The machine
The control
can be switched
acknowledges
To continue, either start each block separately or reactivate “Program run, full
sequence”.
after execu-
off in an emergency
by hitting one of the EMERGENCY
STOP buttons.
/
w
this with the message
EMERGENCY STOP
To continue working, release the emergency
1. Remove the cause of error
2. Switch
on the control
3. Clear the message
4. Restart the program
Page
M 20
I
power
stop key (usually by turning
it clockwise),
then
4
again
EMERGENCY
J
STOP with the “CE” key
run.
Machine
Operating
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
-
Program Run
Checking/changing
0 parameters
Interrupt
program
You can check and, If necessary,
Q parameters
change
Q parameters
after interrupting
the program
run.
run
Interrupt
program
run
Check
parameter
Change
parameter
Terminate
change
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Machine
Operating
Modes
parameter
the parameter
display or
and confirm.
Page
M 21
Program Run
Background programming
Programming
during program
execution
The control permits the execution of a program In the “program run, full sequence”
mode at the same
time as another
program is being edited, graphically tested or transferred via FE-232-C (V.24) or
FE-422 (V.ll) interface in the “programming
and editing” mode. This parallel operation is especially
useful for transferring data or making small program changes while running long programs which
require little attention from the operator.
A program
Starting
the part
program
Operating
cannot
be run and edited
at the same time
mode
Initiate the dialog
PROGRAM
NUMBER
0
=
Select part program
Start machining
Parallel
operating
mode:
programming
and editing
Operating
mode
Select and
edit the program
or
transfer a program
data interface.
via the FE-232.C/V.24
Screen
display
The screen IS divided into two halves during parallel operation: The program to be edited is shown in
the upper half. The program currently in process appears in the lower half: program number, current
block number and current status are displayed.
Terminating
the parallel
operating
mode
Operating
Page
M 22
mode
Parallel operating IS terminated by pressing
“Program run, full sequence”
key.
Machine
Operating
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
the
4
Program Run
Blockwise transfer
(drip feed)
Execution
from
external
storage
Data
interface
In the “Program run, full sequence” or “Single
block” operating mode, part programs can be
“transferred
blockwise” from a remote computer,
a storage medium or a HEIDENHAIN FE unit via
the RS-232-C/V.24
serial data interface. Thus
allows execution of part programs which exceed
the storage capacrty of the control.
The data interface is programmable
parameters (see Index “Programming
External data transfer).
FE 401
Floppy Disk
Unit
or
via machine
Modes”,
Computer
I,
TNC
The RS-232-C interface of the TNC must be set
for external transfer or FE operation!
I
Machine
Program
structure
Only programs
without
jumps
0 Program calls, subprogram
executed.
l
Block numbers
(sequence
numbers)
Unless the control
The program
calls, program
operates
to be transferred
numbers
with “Blockwise
section
repeats and conditional
can have block numbers
are displayed
sequentially;
(sequence
however,
program
stores the transferred
capacity is full.
numbers)
jumps
cannot
be
can be called.
exceeding
no block number
999.
may exceed
the
with 2 lines.
Data transfer from an external storage device can be started
sequence/single
block” with the “EXT” key.
The control
the storage
transfer”.
with a central tool file, only the tool last defined
The blocks do not have to be numbered
number 65 534.
High sequence
Starting
“blockwise
transfer”
can be executed
program
blocks in available
in the operating
memory
modes
and interrupts
“Program
run, full
data transfer
when
No program blocks are displayed until the available memory IS full or the program is completely
transferred.
The program run can be started with the machine “START” button even when no program block is displayed.
To avoid unnecessary interruptions
of the program
gram blocks as a buffer before starting. Therefore,
is full.
After starting, the executed
external storage device.
Skipping
program
over
blocks
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
blocks are discarded
run, you should already have a number of stored proit is advantageous
to wait until the available memory
and further
If. in “Blockwise transfer” operation, you press the “GOT0
number, all blocks preceding this number will be ignored.
Machine
Operating
Modes
blocks are continuously
0” key before starting
called from the
and enter a sequence
Page
M 23
Notes
Page
M 24
Machine
Operating
Modes
/
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
-
Programming
Programming
Modes
(P)
in IS0
Fundamentals
Sequence numbers/Block
format
Editing functions
Clearing/deleting
functions
Program
Selection
Opening a program
Erase/edit protectron
Defining the workpiece
blank
G50
G30/G3 1
6
7
8
Tool Definition
Tool definition wtthrn the
part program
Tool definition in program
Transferring tool length
Tool radius
Cutter
G99
10
11
13
14
G41 jG42
15
16
17
0
Path Compensation
Entering the radius compensatron
Working with radius compensation
Radius compensation
G43/G44
Tools
Tool call
Tool change
Feed rate F/
Spindle Speed
Miscellaneous
Programmable
Dwell Time
S/
Function
STOP/
18
19
M
G38
20
21
Path Movements
Input
Overview
lD/2D/3D
22
23
24
of path functions
movements
Linear Movement,
Cartesian
Positioning in rapid traverse
Drilling
Chamfer
Example
Additional axes
GO0
GO1
G24
25
26
27
28
29
Circular Movement,
Cartesian
Interpolation
planes
Selection guide: Arbitrary transitions
Tangential transitions
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Programming
Modes
30
31
32
Programming
Circular
Modes
Movement,
(P)
Cartesian
Arc with circle center
I, J. K
Arc with radius
Corner rounding
Tangenttal
with radius R
arc with end point X/Y
G02/G03
33
G02/G03
35
G25
37
GO6
39
Polar Coordinaten
Fundamentals
41
Pole
I, J. K
42
GlO/Gll
43
Circular arcs
G12/G13/G15
44
Tangential
G16
45
G25
45
Straight
lines
arcs
Corner rounding
RND
Helical interpolation
Contour
Approach
Predetermined
Program
Jumps
Program
with poles I, J, K G12/G13
46
and Departure
Starting and end positron
On a circle with radius R
G26/G27
48
50
Constant contour speed:
Small contour steps:
Terminating compensation:
Machine-referenced
coordinates:
M90
M97
M98
M91/M92
51
52
53
54
M Functions
Jumps
Within
a Program
Overview
55
G98
Program labels
Program section repeats
Subprograms
Nesting subprograms
Example: Hole pattern with several tools
Example: Horizontal geometric form
56
57
59
61
62
63
64
Calls
Programming
Modes
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Programming
Standard
Modes
(P)
Cycles
Introduction,
Overview
65
Fixed cycles
Preparatory measures
Pecking
Tapping with floatrng tap holder
Slot milling
Rectangular pocket milling
Circular pocket milling
SL cycles
Fundamentals
Contour geometry
Rough-out
Roughing-out
a rectangular pocket
Roughing-out
a rectangular island
Overlaps
Overlapping pockets
Overlapping islands
Overlapprng pockets and islands
Pilot drilling
Contour milling (finishing)
Machining
with several tools
Coordinate
Other
G37
G57
G56
G58JG59
66
67
70
71
73
75
77
78
78
80
81
82
83
86
87
89
90
91
Transformations
Overview
Datum shift
Mirror image
Coordinate system rotation
Scaling
G54
G28
G73
G72
93
94
96
98
100
Dwell time
Program call
Orrented spindle
GO4
G39
G36
102
103
104
Cycles
Parametric
stop
Programming
Overview
Selection
Algebraic functions
Trigonometric
functions
Conditional/unconditional
jumps
Special functions
Example: Bolt hole circle
Drilling with chip breaking
Ellipse as an SL cycle
Sphere
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25006
G83
G84
G74
G75fG76
G77/G78
Programming
Modes
105
106
107
108
110
111
113
114
115
117
Programming
Programmed
Modes
(P)
Probing
Overview
Example:
G55
Measuring
length and angle
120
121
Teach-In
123
Test Run
125
126
Graphic
Simulation
External
Data Transfer
GRAPHICS
General information
Transfer menu
Connecting cable/Pin assignment
Peripheral devices
FE floppy disk unit
Non-HEIDENHAIN
devices
Machine parameters
Address
letters
in IS0
for RS-232-C
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
137
Programming
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25006
-
Programming
Fundamentals
Introduction
in IS0
The individual work steps on a conventional
machine tool must be InItrated by the operator.
On an NC machine, the numerical control
assumes computation
of the tool path, coordination of the feed movements on the machine
slides and generally also monitors the spindle
speed. The control receives the information for
this in form of a program in which the machining
of the workpiece
is described.
This program
can be considered
a work plan
“Programmrng”
means creating and entering a
work plan in a form which is understood
by the
control.
Program start and
specification
of blank
Define and call a tool,
move to the tool change
posttion.
Move to the workpiece
contour,
machine
contour,
the workpiece
depart from the workpiece
Traverse to the tool change
contour,
position.
End of program
Program
Programs
The control can store up to 32 programs
(HEIDENHAIN or ISO) with a total of 4000
(HEIDENHAIN dialog).
One part program
Individual
numbers.
Switching
between
conversational
and IS0
programming
Program
input
programs
can contain
scheme
blocks
up to 1000 blocks,
are identified
by program
The control is switched to conversational
or
IS0 programming
via the MOD functions (see
index A “General Information, MOD functions,
Programming
and editing”).
Once the control has been switched from conversational to IS0 programming,
the functions of the
keys correspond to the snap-on keyboard.
-
The control “STOP” key is covered by the “D”
key. In IS0 programming,
the “DEL” key
assumes the function of the “STOP” key.
IS0 programming
is partly dialog guided. The individual commands
(words), except for the
dimensional
data (G90, G91). can be entered in
any sequence within a block. The commands are
then sorted after the block has been concluded.
Program
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
At the beginning of an IS0 program, the control
requires information on:
0 The working plane (G17/G18/G19)
0 Programming
of absolute/incremental
dimensions (G90/G91)
0 Radius compensation
(G40/G41/G42)
The first positioning
block should look like this:
GO0 G90 G40 G17 Z+200
Programming
Modes
Page
PI
Programming
in IS0
Sequence number/Block
The sequence number identifies the program
block in a part program. If a sequence number
Increment between 1 and 255 is set in the
machine parameter MP 7220 (see index A “General Information, User parameters”)
the sequence
number will be generated automatically,
eliminating the need to enter each sequence number by
hand.
Sequence
number
The numerrcal sequence of block numbering
has
no effect on program execution. It IS possible,
for example, to insert a higher sequence number
between two lines.
format
N7
GO0 G40 Z-20
MO3 *
N8
N9
X-12 Y+60 *
GO1 G42 X+20
Y-t60 F40 *
NlO
G 26 R5 F20 *
Nil
N12
X+50 Y+20 F40 *
I-10 J+80 *
N13
GO3 X+70
Y+51.715
Block
Each block in a program corresponds
to one work step, for example:
N20 GO1 G40 X+20 Y+30 Z+50 FlOOO MO3 *
Word
Each block is composed
Address
values
A word is composed of an address letter, e.g. X, and a value, e.g. +20.
The abbreviations
in the above block have the following meantngs:
N
= line number
X, Y, Z = coordinates
GO1
= linear interpolation,
Cartesian
F
= feed rate
M
= miscellaneous
G40
= no tool radius compensation
Block
format
of words
*
(e.g. X+20)
functions
Positioning
blocks can contain:
8 G functions from various groups and also G90. G91 in front of each coordinate
l 3 coordinates
and also 2 circle centers or pole coordinates
l 1 feed rate F
l 1 M function
l 1 spindle
speed S
l 1 tool number
l
Fixed cycles can contarn:
Cycle parameter P (all files for the cycle definition)
l 1 M function
l 1 spindle
speed S
l 1 tool number
l 1 positioning
block (see above)
l 1 feed rate F
0 Cycle call
l
Note
It is possible to combine fixed cycles with a positioning block, M-functions,
spindle speed etc.
(see example at right: long block format).
The short format, however, makes the program easier to read. This is especially important for fixed cycles.
Example:
long format
NllO
G75 PO1+2 PO2-20 PO3-30
PO4 100 PO5 X+50 PO6 Y+20
PO7 200 Tl G17 SlOOO GO1
X+40 Y+30 F250 MO3 G79 *
Example:
short format
NllO
N120
N130
Tl G17 SlOOO *
GO1 X+40 Y-t30 F250 MO3 *
G75 PO1+2 PO2-20 PO3-30
PO4 100 PO5 X+50 PO6 Y+20
PO7 200 *
G79 *
N40
Page
P2
I
Programming
Modes
(not recommended)
(recommended)
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
-
-
-
Programming
in IS0
Editing functions
The term editing
Editing
Selecting
a block
changing,
supplementing
The edrtrng functions are helpful in selecting
effective at the touch of a key.
and changing
The current
A specific
means entering,
block stands between
block is selected
two horizontal
with “GOT0
and checking
program
programs
blocks and words,
and they become
lines
0”.
Initiate the dialog
El
GOTO: NUMBER =
Paging through
the program
the block number.
Vertical cursor keys.
Select the next lower or next higher
Hold down
Inserting
a block
Key in and confirm
block number.
a vertical cursor key to continuously
run through
the program
lines
You can insert new blocks anywhere in existing programs. Just call the block which IS to precede
new block. The block numbers of the subsequent
blocks are automatically
increased.
If the program
storage
capacity
is exceeded,
this is reported
at dialog
initiation
the
with the error message:
= PROGRAM MEMORY EXCEEDED =.
This error message also appears
lower block number.
Editing
words
Horizontal
if program
end (PGM END block) is selected.
You should then select a
cursor keys:
The hrghlighted
changed.
field IS moved
One word in the current
be changed:
The dialog query appears
word, e.g.
within
program
the current
block and can be placed
on the program
Move the highlighted
to be changed.
block is to
word to be
field to the word
for the highlighted
ElX
COORDINATES ?
Change the value
To change
another
If all corrections
Move the highlighted
word to be changed.
word:
Conclude the block
(or move the highlighted
or left off the screen).
have been made:
Programming
Modes
field to the
field to the right
Page
P3
Programming
in IS0
Editing functions
Searching
for certain
addresses
You can use the vertical
cursor keys to search for blocks containing
a certain
Use the horizontal cursor keys to place the highlighted field on a word
then page in the program with the vertical cursor keys:
only those blocks having the desired
address
address
in the program.
having the search address,
and
are displayed.
Example
All blocks with the address
are to be displayed:
M
Select one block wrth the M.
Place the highlighted
with M.
MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M ?
Page
P4
Programming
field on a word
Call blocks with the desired address
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
M.
-
Programming
in IS0
Clearing/deleting
functions
Clear
program
The dralog for clearing
a program
is initiated
wrth the CL PGM
key.
Initiate the dialog
ERASE
= ENT/END
Program
= NOENT
is to be cleared:
select a
program number.
or
Erase the program.
Program
Delete
block
IS not to be cleared:
The current block (in a program) is deleted with DEL q .
The block to be deleted is selected with GOT0 0 or a cursor key.
Program blocks can only be deleted in the PROGRAMMING
AND EDITING operating mode.
After deletion, the block with the next lower sequence number appears in the current program
The following
sequence
Delete program
section
To delete
Clear entry,
error message
You can clear numerical
pressing the “CE” key.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
program
Then continue
numbers
sectrons,
pressing
are corrected
automatrcally.
call the last block of the program
DEL 0 until all blocks in the definition
inputs
with
Non-blinking
error
messages
An entered
value
and the address
the “CE”
can also be cleared
are completely
Programming
line
Modes
section.
or program
key. A zero appears
with
the “CE”
cleared
with
section
are deleted.
in the highlighted
field after
key.
“NO
ENT”.
Page
P5
Program Selection
Opening a program
Selecting an existing program
You open a program and select a stored program
by first pressing the “PGM NR” key (program
number).
r
PROGRAM
A table with the HEIDENHAIN dialog programs
and IS0 programs stored in the TNC appears on
the screen. The program number last selected IS
hrghlrghted. The program length in characters is
given after the program number. IS0 programs
are designated
by “ISO” after the program number.
SELECT
1
IIP
10002
111
11111
IS0
:3
RCTL.
iii
360
756
1440
iS48
44
450
900
2
__------------------------------
You can select the desired program either
l via the cursor keys
or
l by entering
its number.
If the selected program number does not yet
exist, a new program is opened.
I ON
:
49,258
15,321
Y
C
+
+
23,254
84,000
MS/9
q 0
L
Opening
program
a
Depending
on the selected program type, HEIDENHAIN dialog programs
opened (see index A “General Information, MOD Functions”).
or IS0 programs
can be
Initiate the dialog
PROGRAM
SELECTION
PROGRAM
NUMBER
Enter the program number
(maximum 8 characters).
Confirm entry.
=
MM=G71/INCH=G70
for drmenstons
O/o231 G
Example
Selecting
existing
program
display
an
In mm, or
for dimensions
in inches
O/o231 G71 *
N9999 O/o231 G71 *
All existing programs
executed, regardless
(HEIDENHAIN format and ISO) can be edited, tested,
of the selected type of programming.
displayed
graphrcally
and
Initiate the dialog
PROGRAM
SELECTION
PROGRAM
NUMBER
Place the highlighted
the desired program
=
or
Example
display
Page
P6
n
Enter the program
field on
number.
number.
0 ‘To 231 G71 *
1 NlO G30 G17 X+0 Y+O Z-40 *
2 N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+lOO Z+O *
/
Programming
Modes
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
Program Selection
Erase/edit protection : G50
Edit
protection
G50
Activating
protection
After creating
a program,
you can designate
It as erase- and edit-protected.
Protected programs can be executed and viewed, but not changed.
A protected program can only be erased or changed If the erase/edit
This is done by selecting the program and entering the code number
edit
rl
PGM PROTECTION ?
block.
Initiate the dialog
PROGRAM NUMBER =
n
Enter the number of the program
whose edit protection IS to be
removed.
O/o7210 G71 G50 *
Select the auxiliary operating
VACANT MEMORY: 148330BYTE
Select the MOD function
“Code number”.
CODE NUMBER =
II!
Enter code number
Erase/edit protection
“G50” IS deleted.
O/o7210G71 *
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
query
Protect the program.
Confirm
Code number
86 357
beforehand.
Enter the number of the program
protected, confirm entry.
Press the key until the dialog
“PGM protection”
appears.
O/o7210G71 G
edit
is removed
Initiate the dialog
PROGRAM NUMBER =
Removing
protection
protection
86357.
Programming
Modes
mode.
86357.
is removed.
Page
P7
to be
Program Selection
Defining the workpiece
blank: G30/G31
Test graphics
A blank form definition must be programmed
before the machining program can be srmulated
graphically.
Blank
For the graphic displays, the blank dimensions of
the workpiece
must be entered at the start of
program via G30/G31.
The blank form must always be programmed
a cuboid, aligned with the machine axes.
Maximum dimensions:
14000 x 14000 x 14000
Minimum
Maximum
point
point
as
mm.
The cuboid is defined with the minimum point
(MIN) and maxrmum point (MAX)
(points with
“minimum”
and “maximum”
coordinates).
MIN can only be entered in absolute
MAX may also be incremental.
drmensrons;
The blank data are stored In the associated
machining program and are available after
program call.
Graphic
display
Machining
can be simulated in the three main
axes - with a fixed tool axis.
Tool form
The graphic simulation depicts the results of
machining with a cylindrical tool.
The graphic must be interpreted
when using form tools.
Page
P8
/
accordingly
Programming
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Program Selection
Defining the workpiece
Example
The blank form is aligned
blank: G30/G31
with the main axes.
The MIN point has the coordinates
X0, YO and Z-40.
The MAX point has the coordinates
Xl 00, YIOO and ZO.
Note
To define a blank, a program must be selected
in the “Programming
and editing” operating
mode.
Entering the
cuboid corner
points
MIN
Blank form definition
for MIN point.
Tool axis Z.
X coordinate.
Y coordinate.
Z coordinate.
Conclude
block.
MAX
Absolute
dimensions.
X coordinate.
Y coordinate.
Z coordinate.
Conclude
Example
display
Error messages
block.
NlO G30 G17 X+0 Y+O Z-15 *
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y-t100 Z+O *
BLK FORM DEFINITION
INCORRECT
The MIN and MAX points are incorrectly defined, or the machining
blank definition, or the side proportions
differ too greatly.
program
contains
more than one
PGM SECTION
CANNOT
BE SHOWN
Wrong spindle axis IS programmed.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Programming
Modes
Page
P9
Tool Definition
Tool definition within the part program
Tool
definition
The control requires the tool length and tool
radius to enable It to compute the tool path from
the given work contour
These data are programmed
in the tool definition.
PROGRAtlMING
RCTL.
Compensation
values always refer to a certain
tool which is desrgnated by a number.
Valid tool numbers.
with automatic tool change or in program 0:
1 to 99
without automatic tool change or in the machining
program: 1 to 254.
Tool definition
in the part
program
If tools required tn a program
tions of the tool dimensions.
Input
Initiate the dialog
TOOL
NUMBER
are defined
El
2
9,375
8,985
+
+
T
in that program,
?
n
a program
printout
LENGTH
TOOL
RADIUS
Y+10
Y
R
+
+
F
0
will include
M03
s
8,200
0,180
MS/9
the specifica-
0 cannot
be programmed
Tool 0 is internally defined with
0.
Enter the tool length or the
difference to the zero tool.
L ?
R ?
Enter the tool radius.
Conclude
Page
P 10
*
Enter the tool number.
The tool number
under G99.
TOOL
EDITING
&0
G7:
s
NIB
G99
U
L+0
R+2
N20
Tl
El7
Sl000
#t
N2S
G00
G40
G90
X+10
N30
ES4 X+100
Y+20
#t
N40
G28
X S
NS0
I+100
J+0
#t
N60
G73
G90
H+31S
e#
_____----------_________________
Whether the tools are defined decentralized
in
the appropriate
part program or in a central tool
file (program 0) is determined
by a machine
parameter.
Tool
number
RND
Programming
Modes
the block.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25006
Tool Definition
Tool definition in program
Central
tool file
0
If the central tool file (program 0) is activated by
machine parameters, the tools must always be
defined there.
They then only have to be called in any program.
The central tool file IS programmed,
output and read in the “Programming
operating mode.
PROGRRMflING
RN0
T2
T3
changed,
and editing”
L+s,
3
L+12,45
L+2.5,21
L+52,52
L+85
L+32,71
L+l47,1
L+0
T59
Every tool is entered with the tool number, length,
radius and pocket number. Tool 0 must be defined
with L = 0 and R = 0.
EDITING
;:
Ti
--------------------------------
R+6
R+7,75
R+3,5
Ea5
R+8
R+13
R+lS,
49,258
15,321
Example
Tool 3 is to be defined
Y
C
+
+
5
23,254
84,000
with L = 5, R = 7:
Initiate the dialog
BEGIN
+3
TOOL
LO
Select the tool
MM
Enter the length.
RO
Enter the radius.
Tool changer
with flexible
pocket coding
On machines with a tool magazine and flexible
magazine pocket than they were taken from.
The control
memorizes
which
tool number
pocket coding,
is stored in which
the tools can be returned
pocket.
G99 functions like a tool pre-selection
here, i.e. the tool search is programmed
only the query for the tool number appears.
Oversize
tools
Oversize tools occupying three pockets are to be designated
returned to the same pocket.
Program
by placing
SPECIAL
TOOL
and respond
the highlighted
tools”. A special tool is always
field on the dialog query
with the “ENTER”
key.
“S” for special tool and “P” for pocket number
parameters.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
as “special
with G99. In this case,
?
The preceeding
and succeeding
pocket numbers
and pressing the “NO ENT” key. A lk is displayed
PO (spindle)
to a different
or another
should be deleted by positioning the highlighted
In place of the erased pocket number.
only appear
if this function
was selected
via machine
pocket must be vacant In the magazine.
Programming
Modes
Page
P 11
field
Tool Definition
Tool
length
L
The tool length is compensated
with a single
adjustment of the spindle axis by the length comoensation.
Compensation
becomes effective after tool call
and subsequent
movement of the tool axis.
Zero tool
r
zl
Zn
-z
+z
Compensation
ends after a tool is called or with To
(T, is called the zero tool and has a length of 0).
The correct compensation
value for the tool length
can be determined
on a tool pre-setter or on the
machine.
If the compensation
value is to be determined
on
the machine, then you must first enter the workpiece datum.
Length
differences
When the compensation
The length differences
length compensations.
values are determined
on the machine,
-Z or +Z of the other clamped
the zero tool serves as a reference.
tools to this zero tool are programmed
as tool
If a tool is shorter than the zero tool, the difference is entered as a negative tool length compensation
If a tool is longer than the zero tool, the difference IS entered as a positive tool length compensation.
Preset
tools
If a tool pre-setter is used, all tool lengths are already known. The effective compensation
correspond to the tool length and are entered with the correct signs according to a list.
Page
P 12
Programming
Modes
values
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
-
Tool Definition
Transferring tool length
Tool lengths can be easily and quickly entered
with the “teach in” function.
1. Move the zero tool To to the work surface
set the spindle axis to zero.
2. After exchanging,
the work surface.
and
move the tools T, or T2 to
3. Transfer each display value in this position to
the tool length definition. This gives you the
length compensation
to the zero tool.
Input
Operating
mode
Touch the surface
with the zero tool.
nz
Initiate the dialog
DATUM
n
SET
Spindle
axis, e.g. Z.
Reset to zero
Also touch the surface
with the new tools T, or T2
Operating
mode
Either
1. call a tool definition in a program
the dialog “TOOL LENGTH L ?“,
and initiate
01
2. select a tool in the central tool file and initiate
the dialog “TOOL LENGTH L ?“.
TOOL
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
LENGTH
clZ
L ?
Programming
Modes
Select the spindle axis to
transfer the tool length.
Transfer the length compensation
memory.
Page
P 13
to
Tool Definition
Tool radius
Tool radius
R
The tool radius is entered as a positive
(exception: radius compensation
when
mung the cutter center path).
number
program-
A tool radius must always be programmed
before
a machrnrng program can be checked with test
graphics.
Tool radius
compensation
Drilling work is programmed
without radius compensation (G40). while milling jobs are usually
programmed
with radius compensation
(G41/G42).
Compensation
is effective after a tool call, programming with G41 or G42 in a positioning
block
(GOI. GO2 etc.), or a movement in the active
interpolation
plane. Compensation
ends with a
positioning
block which contains G40.
If the tool
tool center
radius, the
tour at the
grammed
Outside
corners
travels with path compensation,
i.e. the
path is offset by the programmed
tool
tool follows a path parallel to the condistance of the tool radius. The profeed rate applies to the center path.
The control inserts a transition
around the corner.
curve for the center
In most cases, the tool is thus guided
Automatic
decleration
at a constant
path of the tool at outside
path speed around
corners, so the tool rolls
the outside
corner.
at corners
If the programmed
feed rate is too high for the transition curve, the path speed is reduced (which
produces a more precise corner) The ltmit value is permanently
programmed
in the control (machine
parameter).
Inside
corners
Page
P 14
The control automatically
determines
(equidistant)
at inside corners.
the Intersection
S of the two cutter paths parallel to the contour
This prevents back-cutting
in the contour; the work is not damaged.
distances according to the tool radius in use.
The control thus shortens
The radius of the tool must always be chosen
can be machined.
element
Programming
so that every contour
Modes
- even when
traversing
shortened
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
-
Cutter Path Compensation
Entering the radius compensation
To automatically
compensate
for the tool radius as entered in the TOOL DEF blocks - the control
must be informed whether the tool travels to the
left of, to the right of, or directly on the programmed contour.
1
G40 (RO)
If the tool is to travel on the programmed
con
tour, no radius compensation
should be orogrammed in the posrtronrng block. The modal
function G40 (RO) must therefore be programmed In the same or in a previous block.
Programming
radius
compensation
The radius compensation
is entered in posrtioning
blocks (GOI, GO2 etc.) via the functions G41 (RL)
and G42 (RR).
“Left” or “right”
In the direction
should be understood
of movement.
as looking
G41 (RL)
If the tool is to travel at the distance of the radius
to the left of the programmed
contour, enter the
function G41 (RL).
G42 (RR)
If the tool is to travel at the distance of the radius
to the right of the programmed
contour, enter the
function G42 (RR).
The functions G40, G41 and G42 are modal,
which means that they remain effective for all following blocks until changed. If you wish to keep
the radius compensatron
of the previous block, no
entry is necessary.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Programming
Modes
Page
P 15
Cutter Path Compensation
Working with radius compensation
Starting
point
G40 (RO)
Change the tool and call the compensation
with “TOOL CALL”.
Traverse rapidly to the starting
values
point 0
At the same time lower Z to the working depth (if
danger of collision, first traverse in X/Y, then
separately in Z!). This compensates
for the tool
length.
The radius compensation
off with G40.
still remains
switched
IS’ contour
point
G41 (RL)
G42 (RR)
Traverse to contour point 0 with radius compensation G41 (RL) or G42 (RR) at reduced feed rate.
Machining
around the
contour
Program the following
milling feed rate.
contour
Since the radius compensatron
unchanged,
there is no further
or G42 until point 0.
points to 0 at
remains
need to enter G41
Last contour
point G41/G42
After a complete circulation, the last contour
point 0 is identical to the first contour point 0
and IS still radius comoensated.
End point
G40
The end point (outside the contour) must be programmed without compensation
with G40 to
complete machining.
To prevent collisions, retract only in the machining
plane to cancel the radius compensation.
Then back-off
Page
P 16
the tool axis separately
Programming
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Cutter Path Compensation
Radius compensation
G43/G44
G43
G44
(R+)
(R-)
By entering G43 (R+) or G44 (R-) you can
lengthen or shorten a paraxial
movement (i.e.
movement in only one axis) by the length of the
tool radius.
This simplifies:
l Positioning
with manual data input
l Paraxral positioning
l Pre-positioning
for the “slot” cycle.
A
R
w
+-+fQ
Effect
G43/G44
Thus radius compensation
l
The displacement
radius:
has the following
GLC (R-1
effect:
is lengthened
by the tool
display
G43.
GLO (RO)
l
The tool traverses
position:
to the programmed
display
G40.
nominal
The displacement
radius :
is shortened
by the tool
display
G44.
ti
@
l
G43/G44
Example
do not affect the spindle
GL3(R+)
axis.
The tool is to traverse from initial position
Applrcatron example:
Pre-positioning
for the “Slot” cycle
X = 0 to X = (46 + tool radius)
Input
Paraxial positioning
Paraxial compensation,
e.g. lengthening
(Pi+).
Nominal position value,
e.g. X+46.
Conclude
Display
GO7 G43 X+46
Mixing
Uncompensated
blocks (e.g. GO1 G40 X+20)
mixed in a part program.
GO1 and
Paraxial compensated
positioning
(G4VG42) are not to be entered
*
and paraxial blocks (e.g. G40 X+20
blocks (G43/G44)
In succession!
Correct:
GO1 G40
G40
G43
G40
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
block.
and radius compensated
or G43 X+20)
positioning
blocks
Incorrect:
X+15 Y+20 *
Y+50 *
X+40 *
Y+70 *
GO1 G42 X+15 Y-t20 *
G43 Y+50 *
G42 X+50 Y-t57 *
Programming
Modes
Page
P 17
can be
Tools
Tool call
Tool call
With the “T” key a new tool and the associated
compensation
values for length and radius are
called up.
Spindle
axis
In addition to the tool number, the control also
needs to know the spindle axis to carry out
length compensation
in the correct axis or radius
compensation
in the correct plane.
Compensation
effect
The spindle axis also defines the plane (e.g. XV) for circular movements:
compensation”
plane.
This is also the plane for “coordinate
rotatron” and “mirror image”.
Spindle axis
Length compensation
Radius compensation
Z (G17)
Y (G18)
X (G19)
Spindle
speed
Z
Y
X
Activating
compensation
Ending
compensation
error message
appears
at program
RPM
A tool call activates length compensatron.
It first becomes effective when the next tool axis movement is programmed.
It can be seen as a single movement in the tool axis.
Radius compensation
first becomes effective when the compensation
direction
grammed in a posrtioning block.
G41 or G42 is pro
A tool call block (T-block) ends the “old” tool length and tool radius compensation
compensation
values.
Example: T12 G17 S300 *
Tool radius compensation
is also ended
If only the spindle speed is entered
Example: T12 SSOO *
Tool call
to the “radius
XY
zx
YZ
The spindle speed is entered directly after the spindle axis.
Input range of the control: 0 to 99999 rpm.
If the speed exceeds the valid range for the machine, the following
run
WRONG
It is identical
by programming
G40 in the posrtioning
with a tool call block, the compensations
and calls the new
block
remain valid
Initiate the dialog
TOOL
NUMBER
Enter the tool number.
?
Enter the spindle
e.g. G17.
axis,
Enter the spindle
speed
Conclude
Page
P 18
I
Programming
Modes
in rpm
the block.
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Tools
Tool change
Tool change
position
To change the tool, the main sptndle must be
stopped and the tool retracted In the spindle axrs.
We recommend
programming
an additional block
In which the axes of the machining plane are likewise backed-off.
Workpiecerelated change
position
The tool moves to a workpiece-related
position
Manual
tool change
measures
Example: GOO’Z+lOO MO6 *
The tool IS driven 100 mm over the work surface if the tool length
TO reduces the distance to the workpiece
was effective prior to TOOL CALL 0.
Machine-related
change position
if no additional
You can use M91, M92
or a PLC positioning
Example: GO0 Z+lOO M92 *
(see “Predetermined
M Functions,
(danger
of collision!)
to traverse
Machine-referenced
The program must be stopped for a manual tool
change. Therefore, enter a program STOP before
the tool call (T-block). M6 has this stop effect
when the control is set accordingly via machine
parameters. The program IS then stopped until
the machine START button is pressed.
IS
are taken.
0 or TO was programmed.
if a positive
to a machine-related
coordinates
length compensation
tool change
position.
M91/M92”).
NlO G30 G17 X+0 Y+O Z-40 *
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+lOO Z-t0 *
N30 G99 Tl L+O R+5 *
N40 G99 T2 L-2.4
R+3 *
NSO TO G17 *
The program STOP can only be omitted when
tool call is programmed
solely to change the
spindle speed.
a
N60 GO0 G40 G90 Z-t200 MO6 *
N70 Tl SlOOO *
NSO X+25
Automatic
tool change
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
The tool IS changed at a defined change positron
The control must therefore move the tool to a
machine-referenced
change positron. The program run is not interrupted.
Programming
Modes
Y+30 *
N90 Z+2 MO3 *
Page
P 19
Feed Rate F/Spindle Speed S/
Miscellaneous
Functions M
Feed rate
The feed rate F, i.e. the traversing speed of the tool in its path, is programmed
in positioning blocks in
mm/min or 0.1 inch/min. The current feed rate is shown in the status display on the lower right of the
screen.
Feed rate
override
The feed rate can be varied within a range of 0% to 150% with the feed rate override on the control
operating panel. The effective range of the potentiometer
for tapping is limited by machine parameters!
Rapid
The maximum input value (rapid traverse)
l 29998
mm/min or
l 11 800/10
inch/min.
traverse
on the control
for positioning
The maximum operating speeds are set for each axis.
GO0 or the max. input is programmed
for rapid traverse.
The control automatically
limits rapid traverse to the permissible
IS:
values
If the F display is highlighted
and the axes do not move, this means the feed rate was not enabled
at the control interface. In this case, you must contact your machine manufacturer.
Spindle
speed
The spindle
Spindle
override
On machines with continuous
spindle override.
Spindle
Miscellaneous
functions
speeds
override
are set through
is disabled
a tool call (T-block)
spindle
during
drive, the speed can be varied from 0% to 150%
using the
tapping.
Miscellaneous
functions can be programed to regulate certain machine functions (e.g. spindle “on”), to
control program run and to influence tool movements. The miscellaneous
functions are comprised of the
address M and a code number according to IS0 6983. All of the M functions from MOO to M99 can be
used.
Certain M functions become effective at the start of block (e.g. M03: spindle “on” clockwise),
movement, and others become effective at the end of block (e.g. M05: spindle “stop”).
i.e. before
Only a certain number of these M functions are effective on any given machine.
Some machines may employ additional, non-standard
M functions not defined by the control
M functions are normally programmed
in positioning blocks (GOI, GO2 etc.).
However, M functions can also be programmed
without positioning.
Page
P 20
I
Programming
Modes
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Programmable
stop: G38
Dwell time: GO4
Stopping
program
run
Program run can be halted by one of the following
A new start can be made by pressing the machine
G38
Input
Display
N1.5G38 *
Program
Program
A block with program
tioning block.
run halt (G38) can also contain
M02/M30
l
MOO
0 Program
stop and (according
MO6
l
Program
stop and (according
Program
stops only when
Dwell
time
Program stop and (according to ISO) also spindle
Return to block 1 of the program.
resumes
an M function
to ISO) also spindle
stop and coolant
off.
to ISO) also spindle
stop, coolant
by machine
run STOP
in block 15.
or G38 comes at the end of a posi-
off.
set accordingly
running
run is stopped
stop and coolant
The function GO4 “Dwell time” can be used during
the programmed
time period (see “Other cycles”).
Note:
The program
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
functions.
start button
off and tool change
parameter!
program
run to delay execution
of the next block for
after the dwell time runs out!
Programming
Modes
Page
P 21
Path Movements
Input
Contour
elements
The coordinates which you enter must describe the shape of the workprece, not the path of the tool
center. The control compensates
for the tool radius and computes the centerline of the tool path
required to machine the programmed
contour.
You program as if the tool is always moving and the workpiece
actual design of you machine tool. The programmable
contours
straight
line and circle.
Generating
the workpiece
contour
is always stationary, regardless of the
are composed
of the contour elements
To be able to compute the workpiece
contour, the control must be given the individual contour
ments. Since each program block specifies the next step, the following information is required.
l
l
l
straight line or circle
the coordinates
of each end point
additional information such as circle center, contour
The following
is an example
of positioning
ele-
radius etc.
block Input for a straight
line.
Selection of type of movement,
e.g. linear Cartesian.
Input
No radius compensation
Ftrst coordinate
(RO) or
radius compensation
left (RL) or
radius compensation
right (RR).
Absolute
or
incremental.
Coordinate
and value.
Next coordinate
Feed rate.
n
M function.
Conclude
Example
N20 GO1 640 G90 X+20 Z-10 G91 Y+30 FlOO MO3 *
Linear, Cartesian, no radius compensation
(G40). absolute
rate 100 and spindle on clockwise.
to X+20,
Z-IO,
block.
Incremental
to Y+30
with feed
Abbreviated
input
G functions, for example GOI, G40, G90, feed rates and some M functions are modal, that is they
remarn active until they are cancelled or replaced with another function of the same type.
Example
N20 GO1 G40 G90 X+20
N30 Y+30 *
Page
P 22
FlOO MO3 *
Programming
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Path Movements
Overview of path functions
I
In Cartesian
coordtnates
Function
Straight
lines
Straight
line movement
in rapid traverse
Straight
line movement
at programmed
Chamfer with length R
A chamfer is inserted between
feed rate
Input
In polar
coordrnates
GO0
GIO
GO1
Gil
G24
two straight
lines
t
Circles
Circle center; also pole for programming
I, J, K do not generate movement
Circular
movement
in clockwise
Circular
movement
in counterclockwise
polar coordinates
directron
(CW)
direction
(CCW)
I, J, K
GO2
G12
GO3
G13
GO5
G15
GO6
G16
The circular path can be programmed:
l circle center
I, J, K and end point, or
l circle radius and end point
Circular movement without indication
Only the radius and end point of the
programmed.
The direction of rotation results from
G02/G12 or G03/G13 which was last
of direction of rotation.
circular path need to be
the circular movement
programmed
Circular movement with tangential transition.
An arc IS attached to the preceding contour element with a
tangential transrtron. Only the end point of the arc needs to be
programmed.
c
Rounding corners with radius R.
An arc with tangential transitions is inserted
elements.
Multi-axis
movements
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
A maximum
of 3 axes can be programmed
Programming
G25
between
for straight
Modes
two contour
lines, and a maximum
of 2 axes for circles.
Page
P 23
Path Movements
lD/2D/3D movements
Movements are referred to - depending
on the
number of simultaneously
traversed axes - as ID,
2D or 3D movements
(D for “dimension”).
Paraxial
traverse:
1 D movements
If the tool is moved relative to the work on a
straight line parallel to a machine axis, this is
called paraxial positioning or machining.
2D movements
Movement in a main plane (XV, YZ, ZX) is called
2D movement.
Strarght lines and circles can be generated
main planes with 2D movements.
3D movements
If the tool IS moved relative to the workpiece
on a
straight line with simultaneous
movement of all
three machine axes, It is called a 3D straight line.
3D movements
are required
planes and bodies.
Page
P 24
in the
to generate
Programming
oblique
Modes
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Linear Movement, Cartesian
Positioning in rapid traverse: GO0
Positioning
The tool is at the starting pornt 0 and must travel
on a straight line to target pornt 0.
You always program the target point 0 (nomrnal
position) of straight Irnes.
Posrtion 0 can be entered
coordinates.
in Cartesian
or polar
The first posrtion in a program must always be
entered as an absolute value. The following positions can also be incremental values.
Example
tool definition/
call
G99 Tl L+lO
R5 *
Tool 1 has length 10 mm and radius 5 mm
Tool 1 is called in the spindle
Spindle speed is 200 rpm.
Tl G17 S200 *
Rapid traverse.
0
Positioning
block:
complete
input
(main block)
No radius compensation,
&:
axis Z.
I_yl:I
absolute
Z IS moved with tool length
pJ0
Spindle
3
dimensions
compensation
clockwise.
GO0 G40 G90 X+.50 Y+30 z-1-0 M3 *
Re-entry at tool calls is especially
tool call.
The G function
downfeed.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
for positioning
easy if you enter a marn block (= complete
in rapid traverse
Programming
positioning
(GO0 or GIO) is modal. Beware
Modes
block) after a
of collision
during
Page
P 25
tool
Linear Movement,
Drilling : GO1
Absolute
Cartesian
coordinates
q
1~20~30
GO1 X+20
Cartesian
2
+Y
Y+30 Z+2 *
70
.+
IO
30
v-
.+
20
Incremental
Cartesian
dimensions
1
91 B
GO1 G91 X+20
Mixed
entries
1
The following
Program
%lO G71 *
NlO
N20
N30
N40
N50
Only incremental
G90 Y+30 *
is an example
of a program
for drilling
Y+30 M3 *
Programming
without
cycles
Blank form definition (only if graphic
simulation desired)
Tool definition
Tool call
Retract in Z,
tool change
Positronrng to 1”’ hole in X/Y,
rapid traverse, switch on spindle
Pilot positioning in Z
Drilling at programmed
feed rate
Retract in Z
Positioning to 2”d hole in X/Y
Drilling at programmed
feed rate
Retract in Z
Positroning to 3’d hole in X/Y
Drilling at programmed
feed rate
Retract in Z
End of program
N70 Z+2 *
NSO GO1 Z-10 F80 *
N90 Z-t2 FlOOO *
NlOO GO0 X+50 Y+70
NllO GO1 Z-10 F80 *
N120 Z-t2 FlOOO *
N130 GO0 X+75 Y+30 *
N140 GO1 Z-10 F80 *
N150 GO0 Z-t200 M2 *
N9999 %lO G71 *
Page
P 26
entry.
The position for X is entered in incremental
dimensrons, for Y in absolute dimensrons.
90 [vl30
G30 G17 X+0 Y+O Z-40 *
G31 G90 X+100 Y+lOO Z-t0 *
G99 Tl L+O R+5 *
Tl G17 S2400 *
GO0 G90 Z+200 M6 *
N60 G40 X+20
c
75 +x
*
91 [xl20
GO1 G91 X+20
Example
drilling
20
I
50
Modes
workpiece
Linear Movement,
Chamfer: G24
Chamfer
G24
Cartesian
A chamfer can be programmed
for contour corners formed by the intersection of two straight
lines. The angle between the two straight lines
can be arbitrary.
Prerequisites
GO1
G24
A chamfer is completely defined by the points
0 0 0 and the chamfer block. A positioning block
containing
both coordinates of the machining
plane should be programmed
before and after a
chamfer block. The compensation
G40/G41/G42
must be identrcal before and after the chamfer
block. A contour cannot be started with a chamfer.
A chamfer can only be executed in the machining
plane. The machining plane in the positioning
block before and after the chamfer block must
therefore be the same.
GO1
The chamfer length must not be too long or too
short at inside corners: the chamfer must “fit
between the contour elements” and also be
machineable
with the chosen tool.
The prevrously programmed
effective for the chamfer.
Programming
feed rate remains
Program a chamfer as a separate block.
Only enter the chamfer length - no coordinates.
The “corner pornt” itself is not traversed!
Entering
the chamfer
Program
block
Example
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
R = chamfer
length
G24 R4 *
O/o11 G71 *
N10 G99 Tl L+O R+lO *
N20 Tl G17 S200 *
N30 GO1 G41 X+0 Y+50 F300 MO3 *
N40 X+50 Y+50 *
N50 G24 R4 *
N60 x+50 Y-t0 *
N9999 O/o11 G71 *
Programming
Positron 0 (see figure above)
Position 0
Chamfer
Position 0
Modes
Page
P 27
Linear Movement/Cartesian
Example
Example:
milling
straight
lines
The block numbers are shown
you in following the sequence.
Program
O/o12 G71 *
N3 G30 G17 X+0 Y+O Z-40 *
N5 G31 G90 X+100 Y+lOO Z+O *
NlO G99 Tl L+O R+.5 *
N20 Tl G17 S.500 *
N30 GO0 G90 Z-t200 MO6 *
N40 G40 X-10 Y-20 MO3 *
N50 GO1 Z-20 F80 *
N60 G41 X+0 Y+O F200 *
N70 Y+30 F400 *
N80 X+30 Y+50 *
N90 X+60 *
NlOO G24 R5
NllO Y+O *
N120 X+0 *
N130 G40 X-20 Y-10 *
N140 GO0 Z+200 MO2 *
N9999 %12 G71 *
Page
P 28
Programming
in the figure to aid
Blank form definition (MIN point)
Blank form definition (MAX point)
Tool definition
Tool call
Tool change
Pilot position (tool is up)
Plunge at downfeed rate
Approach the contour, call radius compensation
Machine the contour 0
.@
.c3
Chamfer block 00
0
0
Last block with radius compensation
Cancel radius compensation
Back-off Z
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
@I
4
d
-
Linear Movement,
Additional axes
Linear axes
u, v, w
Cartesian
Linear interpolation
can be performed simultaneously with a maximum of 3 axes - even when
using additional axes.
For linear interpolation
with an additional linear
axis, thus axis must be programmed
with the corresponding
coordinate in every NC block. This
requirement
holds even when the coordinate
remains unchanged from one block to the next. If
the additional axis is not specified, the control
traverses the main axes of the machining plane
agarn.
Example: linear interpolation
tool axis Z.
Rotary axes
A, B. C
Nil
GO1 G42 X+0
N12
X+100
V-t0 *
N13
X+150
V-t70 *
V-t0 FlOO *
with X and IV,
If the additional axis is a rotary axis (A, B or C
axis), the control registers the entered value in
angular degrees.
During linear interpolation
with one linear and one
rotary axis, the TNC interprets the programmed
feed rate as the path feed rate. That is, the feed
rate is based on the relative speed between the
workpiece and the tool. Thus, for every point on
the path, the control computes a feed rate for
the linear axrs FL and a feed rate for the angular
axis F,,,,:
F
L
=F’AL
d (A L)2 + (A W)2
F =F’Aw
w
-J (A L)2 + (A W)’
where:
F
=
=
FL
=
Fw
AL
=
A W =
M94 for
rotary axes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
programmed
feed rate
linear component
of the feed rate (axis slides)
angular component
of the feed rate (rotary table)
lrnear axis displacement
angular axis displacement
The position display for rotary axes can be set via machine parameters for either:
l f 360° or
0 + 00 (i.e. f max. display value).
If + 00 is chosen as the measuring range, the position display for rotary axes can be limited to values
below 360’ with M94.
Programming
Modes
Page
P 29
Circular Movement,
Interpolation planes
Main
planes
Circular arcs can be directly
The crrcular rnterpolation
tool compensations.
programmed
Cartesian
4
in the main planes XY, YZ, ZX.
plane IS selected
by defining
the spindle axis with “T”. This also assigns the
The axis printed bold below (e.g. X) IS identical in its positive
The axis In normal print points In the 90° direction.
Interpolation
planes
Spindle axis
parallel to
4
Circular interpolation
direction
with the angle 0” (leading
axis).
plane
XY
Y
z 0”
Y
ccw
k
X
X
YZ
z ccw
0”
Y
@
:I-::.:
X
Oblique
circles
in space
Circular arcs which are not parallel to a main plane can be programmed
as a sequence of multiple short straight lines (GO1 blocks).
Page
P 30
Programming
Modes
via 0 parameters
and executed
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
i
Circular Movement,
Cartesian
Selection guide: Arbitrary transitions
G02/G03 and GO5
Circular
movement
The control moves two axes simultaneously,
so
the tool describes a circular arc relative to the
workoiece.
Arbitrary
transitions
The functions GO2 and GO3 define - together
with the preceding block - arbitrary transitions
the beginning and end of the arc.
Difference
between
G02/G03
GO5
and
at
If a program section contains a contour
which has to be programmed
as alternating
linear and circular movements, the GO5 function can be used while still retaining the
direction of rotation programmed
via GO2 or
G03. GO5 corresponds
in function and input
to the functions,G02/G03.
The only difference is that with GO5 you do not need to
enter the direction of rotation. That is, GO5
generates both clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise
(CCW) circular movements. The
prerequisite
for employing GO5 is that the
direction of rotation has previously been programmed via G02/G03.
Prerequisite
The starting pornt 0 of the circular movement
must be approached
in the immediately
preceding block.
Circle
The circle endpoint
GO3 block.
endpoint
Direction
rotation
of
G02/G03
0 is programmed
In mathematical
terms, the negative
rotation “G02” is clockwise
(CW).
The positive
terclockwise.
direction
or rotation
GO2 (CWI
in a GO2 or
direction
“G03”
IS
of
coun-
Radius
For G02/G03. the radius results from the distance
of the position immediately before the block
which was programmed
with G02/G03 (beginning of circle) to the circle center I, J, K.
Full circles
A full circle can be oroqrammed
In one block
only with G02/G03.’
You can enter the radius drr-ectly with “R”
(without I, J, K).
Selection
:
Given
Arc starting
Required
point 0
e.g. GO1 traverse to
the starting point
Circle center
I, J, K
Arc end point 0
G02/G03
Arc starting
e.g. GO1 traverse to
the starting point
point 0
Radius + arc end point 0
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
path function
G02/G03
mit Radius R
Programming
Modes
Page
P 31
Circular Movement,
Cartesian
Selection guide: Tangential transitions
Tangential
transitions
The G25 and GO6 functions automatically
produce a tangential (soft) entry Into the arc.
Departure from the arc is also tangential with
G25, and arbitrary with G06. The directton of
movement when entering the circle thus also
determines the shape of the arc.
Direction
of rotation
The direction
given.
Corner
G25
Corner rounding with G25 is inserted between
two contour elements which can be straight lines
or arcs.
rounding:
of rotation
need therefore
not be
The data to be programmed
are: the corner
point 0 (which IS not traversed), and directly following it a separate rounding block G25 with the
rounding radius R. Entry into and exit from the
rounding radius is tangential and is automatically
computed
by the control.
Tangential
contour
connection
Selection
With GO6 only the arc end point
grammed.
0
IS
pro-
GO6
:
Given
Required
Point 0
Traverse e.g. with GO1
“Corner”
Rounding
0
Traverse e.g. with GO1
radius
Point 0
Page
P 32
path function
G25
Traverse e.g. with GO1
Tangent generating
point 0
Tangential arc 0
Traverse e.g. with GO1
Arc end point 0
GO6
I
Traverse e.g. with GO1
Programming
Modes
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
-
Circular Movement,
Cartesian
Arc with circle center: I,r J, K + G02/G03
I, J and K have two functions:
1. Specifying the circle center for crrcular arcs
with G02/G03.
2. Defining the pole as datum for position data
In polar coordinates.
Circle
center
I, J, K
The circle center I, J, K must be determined
before circular interpolation
with G02/G03 and
may be programmed
in one block with the circular movement. This circle center remains in effect
until replaced by a new I, J, K command.
There are three methods
for programming:
l
The circle center I, J, K is directly defined
Cartesian coordinates.
l
The coordinates
last programmed
block define the circle center.
l
The current position is taken as circle center
with G29 (without numerical Input).
This is also possible
in polar coordinates.
I, J, K absolute:
Working plane
(Circular interpolation
plane)
programmed
by two coordinates
in
the circle center
I, J
z
x
Y
z
K. I
Jr K
the starting
point for the circular
Radius
The distance
Circular arc
G02/G03
The tool is to travel from position 0 to target
point 0 in a circular path. Only program 0 in the
G02/G03 block. Position 0 can be entered in Cartesian or polar coordinates.
Direction
of rotation
The direction of rotation must be defined for circular movement:
rotation in negative direction GO2 (clockwise).
rotation in positive direction GO3 (counterclockwise)
from the starting
Any tool radius compensation
before a circular arc.
last programmed.
no movement!
Approach
I
x Y
is based on the tool position
in the circle center produces
Approaching
the
starting
point
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Circle center
coordinates
the circle center is based on the work datum.
I, J, K incremental:
Programming
in a I, J, K
for positions
The circle center is defined
the working plane:
by
arc before the G02/G03
point to the circle center determines
block.
the radius.
YI
must begin
Programming
Modes
I
Page
P 33
Circular Movement,
Cartesian
Arc with circle center: I, J, K + G02/G03
The startrng and endpoint must Ire on the same
circular path, i.e. they must be at the same drstance from the circle center CC. The tolerance of
position inputs for the starting position, end position and circle center is f 8 urn.
Input
tolerance
Input
circle
Circle center
center
Specify the rotating direction with G02:
(directron of rotation clockwise) and arc end
point.
Input
G02/G03
Program
blocks
I+50 J+50 *
GO2 X+15 Y+50 *
G41/G42, F and M are entered
ous rnDut
as for straight
Example
full circle
Full circle in the XY plane
(outer circle) around center
X+50, Y+50 with 35 mm radius.
Program
G99 Tl L+O R5 *
Tl G17 S200 *
GO1 G41 X+15
lines. They are only necessary
when
different
from previ-
Y-t50 F300 MO3 *
I+50 J+50 *
GO2 X+15
Full
one
The
are
Example
arc
Program
Y+50 *
circles can be programmed
with G02/G03 in
block.
ctrcle starting point and the circle endpoint
identical.
Semicircle in the XY plane
(inside circle) around center
X+50 Y+50 with 35 mm radius.
GO1 G41 X+85
Y+50 F300 M3 *
I+50 J+O *
GO3 X+15
Page
P 34
I
Y+50 *
Programming
Modes
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Circular Movement,
Cartesian
Corner rounding with radius: G02/G03
Circular
G02/G03
arc
If the contour radtus is given in the drawing, but
no circle center, the circle can be defined via
G02/G03 key with the
l endpoint
of the circular arc
0 radius and
l direction
of rotation.
G41/G42, F and M are entered as for straight
lines and are only required when changing earlier
specifications.
Starting
point
The starting point of the arc must be approached
In the preceding block.
Endpoint
In the G02/G03 block the endpoint can only be
programmed
with Cartesian coordinates.
m
The distance between starting and end point of
the arc must not exceed 2 x R! With G02/G03,
full circles can be programmed
In 2 blocks.
Central
angle
Contour
radius
X
There are two geometric solutrons for connecting
two points with a defined radius (see figure),
depending
on the size of the central angle p:
The smaller arc 1 has a central angle PI < 180’.
the larger arc 2 has a central angle p2 > 180’.
Enter a positive
radius to program the smaller
arc (p < 1807.
(The + sign is automatically generated.)
To program the larger arc (p > 180’). enter the
radius as a negative value.
The maximum definable radius = 30 m.
Arcs up to 99 m can be produced with parametric programming.
Rotating
direction
Depending on the allocation of radius compensation G41/G42, the rotating direction determines
whether the circle curves inward (= concave) or
outward (= convex).
In the adjacent figure, GO2 produces a convex
contour element, GO3 a concave contour element.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Programming
Modes
Page
P 35
Circular Movement,
Cartesian
Corner rounding with radius: GO2/G03
Input
GO2
Circle, Cartesian,
Endpoint
clockwise
of arc
Radius, positive sign
Program
block
GO2 X+80
Y+40, R+lOO *
Examples:
G99 Tl L+O R+5 *
Tl G17 S200 *
Arc A
GO1 G41 X+20
GO2 X+80
Arc B
r
Y+60 F300 MO3 *
Y+60 R+50 *
GO1 G41 X+20
Y+60 F300 MO3 *
60
GO2 X+80
Y+60
R-50
*
0
Arc C
GO1 G41 X+20
GO3 X+80
Arc D
Y+60
GO1 G41 X+20
GO3 X+80
-
Y+60 F300 MO3 *
R+50 *
60
Y+60 F300 MO3 *
Y+60 R-50
*
The position X+20 Y-t60 is the start of arc in the
examples; the position X+80 Y+60 is the end of
arc.
Page
P 36
I
Programming
Modes
3
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
4
Circular Movement,
Cartesian
Corner rounding with radius R: G25
Circular
arc G25
Contour corners can be rounded with arcs. The
circle connects tangentially with the preceding
and succeeding
contour.
A rounding arc can be inserted at any corner
formed by the intersection of the following con
tour elements:
line,
l
Rounding is completely defined by the G25 block
and the points 0 0 0. A posrtioning block containing both coordinates of the machining plane
should be programmed
before and after the G25
block. The G40/G41/G42
compensation
must be
identical before and after the G25 block.
A contour therefore cannot
which is to be rounded.
Note
GO1
G25
straight line - straight line,
straight line - circle, or circle - straight
0 circle - crrcle.
l
Prerequisites
-.
0
tu, ‘-2
be started in a corner
The rounding arc can only be executed in the
machrnrng plane. The machintng plane must be
the same in the positioning
block before and after
the rounding block.
The rounding radius cannot be too large or too
small for inside corners - it must “fit between the
contour elements” and be machinable with the
current tool.
The feed rate for corner rounding is effective
blockwise. The previously programmed
feed rate
is reactivated after the G25 block.
Programming
Error
messages
The rounding arc is programmed
as a separate
block following the corner to be rounded. Enter
the rounding radius and a reduced feed rate F, if
needed. The “corner point” itself is not traversed!
PLANE WRONGLY DEFINED
The machrnrng planes are not identical
and after the RND block.
The tool radius must be smaller than or equal to
the rounding radius on inside corners.
before
ROUNDING RADIUS TOO LARGE
The rounding
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
The tool radius can be larger than the roundrng
radius on outside corners.
is geometrically
impossible.
Programming
Modes
Circular Movement/Cartesian
Corner rounding with radius R: G25
Input
Corner rounding
G25
Rounding
radius
A separate feed rate can be entered
effective for this rounding
Program
block
G25 R8 FlOO *
G99 Tl L+O R+5 *
Tl G17 S200 *
Examples:
Sequence
A
GO1 G41 X+10
F300 MO3 *
X+50
Sequence
and is only
B
PosItIon 0
“Corner
Y+60 *
point” 0
G25 R7 *
Rounding
x+90
Position 0
Y+50 *
GO1 G42 X+10
F300 MO3 *
X+50
Page
P 38
Y+60
Y+60 *
Y-t60
Position 0
“Corner
pomt” 0
G25 R7 *
Rounding
x+90
Position 0
I
Y+50 *
Programming
Modes
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Circular Movement,
Cartesian
Tangential arc with end point X, Y: GO6
Circular
arc GO6
Geometry
A circular arc can be programmed
more easily If
it connects tangentially to the preceding contour.
The crrcular arc IS defined by merely entering
the arc endpoint
with GO6
An arc with tangentral connection
is exactly defined by its endpoint.
to the contour
Thus arc has a specific radius, a specific direction
of rotation and a specific center. This data need
not therefore be programmed.
Prerequisites
The contour element which connects tangentially
to the circle IS programmed
immediately before
the tangential arc. Both coordinates
of the same
machrnrng plane must be programmed
in the
block for the tangential arc and in the preceding
block.
Tangent
The tangent IS specified by both positions 0 and
0 directly preceding the GO6 block. Therefore,
the first GO6 block can appear no earlier than the
third block in a program.
Path of the
circular arc GO6
The tool is to travel a circle connecting tangentially to 0 and 0 to target point 0. Only 0 IS
programmed
in the GO6 block.
Coordinates
The endpoint of the circular path can be programmed in either Cartesian or polar coordinates.
Error
messages
WRONG CIRCLE DATA
The required minimum 2 positions
GO6 block were not programmed.
Machining
sequence
Geometrv
before the
ANGLE REFERENCE MISSING
Both coordinates of the machrnrng plane are not
given In the GO6 block and the preceding block.
Cartesian
coordinates
Polar coordinates
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Programming
Modes
Page
P 39
Circular Movement,
Cartesian
Tangential arc with end point X, Y: GO6
Input
GO6
Program
Arc endpoint
block
GO6 x+90
Y+40
*
Enter R, F and M as for straight lines.
Input is only necessary to change earlier deflnltions
Examples:
different
endpoints
G30 G17 X+0 Y+O Z-40 *
G31 G90 X+130 Y+lOO Z+O *
Tl G17 S200 *
Arc A
GO1
F300
x+50
GO6
Arc B
semicircle
G41 X+10 Y+80
MO3 *
*
x+130 Y+30 *
I”’ tangent point
Start of arc
End of arc.
GO1 G41 X+10 Y-t80
F300 MO3 *
x+50 *
GO6 x+50 Y-t0 *
lSt tangent point
Start of arc
End of arc.
A semicircle with
R = 40 is formed.
Arc C
quarter
circle
GO1 G41 X+10 Y+80
F300 MO3 *
x-t.50 *
GO6 X+80 Y+50 *
Different
tangents
IS’ tangent point
Start of arc
End of arc.
A quarter circle with
R = 30 is formed.
Arc A
GO1 G41 X+10 Y+80 F300 MO3 *
x+50 *
GO6 x+90 Y-t40 *
Arc B
GO1 G41 X+10 Y+60 F300 MO3 *
X+50 Y-t80 *
GO6 x+90 Y+40 *
Arc C
GO1 G41 X+50 Y+llO
Y+80 *
GO6 x+90 Y+40 *
Page
P 40
F300 MO3 *
Programming
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Polar Coordinates
Fundamentals
The control also allows you to enter nominal
positions in polar coordinates.
In polar coordinates, the points in a plane are
specified by the
polar radius R (distance to the pole), and the
polar angle H (angular direction).
The pole position is entered with the I, J. K keys
in Cartesian coordinates based on the workpiece
datum.
The
+X
+Y
+Z
Angle
reference
axis
angle
axis in
axis in
axis in
reference axis (0’ axis) is the
the XY plane,
the YZ plane,
the ZX plane.
The machining plane (e.g. XY plane) is determined by a tool call.
The sign of the angle H can be seen in the adjac~
ent figure.
Absolute
polar
coordinates
Absolute dimensions are based on the current
pole.
Example: Gil G90 R+50 H+40 *
Incremental
coordinates
A polar coordinate
radius entered
changes the last radius.
Example: Gil G91 R+lO *
polar
An Incremental polar coordinate
to the last direction angle.
Example: Gil G91 H+15 *
incrementally
angle IPA refers
Absolute and incremental
coordinates may be
mixed within one block.
Example: Gil G90 R+50 G91 H+15 *
Mixing
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Programming
Modes
Page
P 41
Polar Coordinates
Pole: I, J, K
Pole
Before entering polar coordinates, the pole has to
be defined with I, J, K. The pole can be defined at
any point in the program before the first applrcation of polar coordinates.
The pole is programmed
in Cartesian coordinates,
either as absolute or incremental
dimensions.
Pole in absolute
dimensions:
The pole is referenced to the workpiece datum.
Pole in incremental
dimensions:
referenced to the last-programmed
tion of the tool.
The pole is
nominal post-
The coordinates
of the Dole are determined
the working plane:
Working
plane
1 Polar coordinates
XY
YZ
zx
Example
by
I, J
Jr K
K. I
I+60 J-t30 *
Transferring
the pole G29
The last programmed
the pole with G29.
position
IS transferred
as
Directly transferring the pole in this manner is
especially well suited for polygon shapes (see
rllustration at right).
Example
GO1 X+26 Y+30
G29
Cl1 R+17 H-45
G29
Gil R+18 G91 H-35
Modal
effect
POLE
1
POLE
2
A pole defrnrtron remains valid in a program until
it IS overwritten with another definition. The same
pole therefore need not be programmed
repeatedly.
Page
P 42
i
Programming
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
-
Polar Coordinates
Straight lines: GlO/Gll
GlO/Gll
Range for
polar angle
For dimensions which are referenced to a rotatronal axis in some way, programming
polar coordrnates than in Cartesian coordrnates because calculatrons are avorded.
Input range for linear interpolation:
absolute
or incremental
-360°
IS usually easier in
to +360°.
H
H positrve. counterclockwrse
angle.
H negative: clockwise angle.
Example
Milling
an inside contour.
Program
G30 G17 X+0 Y+O Z-40
G31 G90 X+100 Z+O *
G99 T2 L+O R-t2 *
T2 G17 S200 *
*
I+50 J+60 *
Set POLE”’
GO1 G40 G90 X+15
Approach starting
point externally
(Cartesian coordrnates)
Z-5
Plunge
FlOO *
Gil G42 R+40
H-t180 F200 *
G91 H-60 *
H-60 *
H-60 *
G40 G90 X+85
Approach lSt contour
point with compensation (polar coordinates)
2”d contour point
Y+50 *
GO0 Z+50 MO2 *
Last contour point
Depart from contour,
cancel compensation
Retract, return Jump to
begtnnrng of program
*j The pole can also be programmed
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
in the block with Gil
Programming
Modes
Page
P 43
Polar Coordinates
Circular arcs: GlO/Gll
Circular
G12/G13
arc
If the target point
polar coordinates,
polar angle H to
is defined by the
of the arc to the
on the arc is programmed
in
you only have to enter the
define the endpoint. The radius
distance from the starting point
programmed
circle center I, J, K.
When programming
a circle in polar coordinates,
the angle H can be entered positively or negatively The angle H determines the endpoint of the
arc.
If the angle H
the angle and
should be the
means that H
rotation is also
is entered Incrementally, the sign of
the sign of the rotating direction
same. In the figure to the right, this
IS negative and the direction of
negative (G12).
Range for
polar angle
Input range for circle interpolation:
absolute or incremental
-5400° to +5400°.
Example
An arc with radius 35 and circle center X+50
Y+60 is to be milled.
Rotating drrection is clockwise.
Program
G99 Tl L+O R.5 *
Tl G17 S200 *
I+50 J+60 *
Coordinates of
circle center
Z-5
FlOO *
Plunge
Gil
G41 R-t35 H+210
G12 H+O F300 *
F200 M3 *Approach
circle
(circle radius is
35 mm)
Circular
movement
clockwise
In the example, a contour radius of 35 mm IS
obtained from the distance between the POLE
and the approach point on the circle.
Page
P 44
/
Programming
Modes
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
-
Polar Coordinates
Tangential arcs: G16
Corner rounding: G25
Tangential
G16
arc
The endpoints of tangential arcs may be entered
in polar coordrnates to simplify the programming
of, for example, cams.
The start of the arc is automatically
when programming
with G16.
tangential
If the transition points are not calculated
exactly, the arc elements could become
“jagged”.
Specify the pole CC before programming
coordinates.
in polar
Example
A straight line through 0 and 0 is to tangentially
meet the arc to 0. The radius and direction angle
of 0 with respect to I, J, K, are known.
Program
G99 Tl L+O R4 *
Tl G17 S200 *
I+65 J+20 *
GO1 G41 X+10
Y+30 F500 MO3 *
30
X+20
Y-t60 *
G16 R+70 H+80
20
*
0
0
G25
10
20
65
Polar “corners” can also be rounded with the
“corner rounding” function (see Circular Move
ment, Cartesian, Corner rounding).
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
I
Programming
Modes
~
Page
P 45
Polar Coordinates
Helical interpolation:
I, J, K + Gl2/Gl3
Helix
If 2 axes are moved simultaneously
to descrtbe a
circle in a main plane (XV, YZ, ZX). and a uniform
linear motion of the tool axis is superimposed,
then the tool moves along a helix (helical rnterpolation)
Applications
Helical interpolation
can be used to advantage
with form cutters for producing internal and
external threads with large diameters, or for lubricating grooves. This can save you substantial tool
costs.
Input
The helix IS programmed
data
in polar coordinates
First specify the POLE or circle center (e.g. I, J)
Angle
range
Height
Enter the total angle of tool rotation for the polar
angle H in degrees:
H = number of rotations x 360°
Maximum angle of rotation: + 5400° (15 cornplete rotatrons).
The total height
axis.
L (= Z) is entered
for the tool
Calculate the value from the thread pitch and the
required number of tool rotations.
Z=P.n,
Z = total height/depth
to be entered
P = pitch
n = number of threads
The total height/depth
can be entered in absolute
or incremental dimensions
Thread
A complete thread can be programmed
quite
easily with Z and H; the number of threads IS
then specified with a program section repeat REP.
Radius
compensation
The radius compensation
depends
rotating direction (right/left),
0 type of thread (internal/external),
l milling direction
(positive/negative
direction)
(see table to the right).
axis
Programming
Working
direction
Rotating
direction
Radius
compensarron
t:‘:-:;’
upon the
l
Page
P 46
Internal
thread
left-hand
Modes
1 Z-
1 G13
1 G41
External
thread
Working
direction
Rotating
direction
Radius
compensation
right-hand
Z+
G13
G42
left-hand
Z+
G12
G41
right-hand
Z-
G12
G41
left-hand
Z-
G13
G42
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25006
Polar Coordinates
Helical interpolation:
Input
example
I, J, K + G12/Gl3
Circle, polar,
counterclockwise
Endpoint
G13 G91 H+360
Z-t2 *
Task
A right-hand Internal thread M64 x 1.5 IS to be
produced in one cut with a multr-cutter tool.
Thread
Thread
pitch
start
end
Number
Overrun
at start
at end
Calculations
data :
P = 1.5 mm
a, = O”
a, = 0” = 360”
of threads
of threads:
nl = l/2
n2 = l/2
Total height:
Z = P. n = 1.5 mm
Incremental
H = 360°.
n, = 5
[5 + (2
polar angle:
n = 360° [5 + (2
l/2)] = 9 mm
l/2)] = 2160”
Due to overrun of l/2 thread, the start of thread is advanced
starting angle a, = a, + (-1807 = 0” + (-180°) = -180°
by 180?
The overrun of l/2 thread at the start of thread gives the following
Z = -P n = -1.5 mm [5 + l/2] = -8.25 mm
Program
Note
O/o20 G71 *
NlO G30 G17 X+0 Y+O Z-40 *
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+lOO Z+O *
N30 G99 Tl L+O R+5 *
N40 Tl G17 SSOO *
N.50 GO0 G90 Z+200 MO6 *
N60 GO0 G40 X+50 Y-t30 *
N65 G29 *
N70 Z-8.25 MO3 *
N75 Gil G41 R+32 H-180 FlOO *
N80 G13 G91 H+2160 Z-t9 F200 *
N90 GO1 G40 X+50 Y+30 *
N95 GO0 Z+200 MO2 *
N9999 O/o20 G71 *
Helical interpolation
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
cannot be graphrcally
Programming
Workpiece
initial value for Z:
blank definition
Tool defrnrtion
Tool call
Move to the tool change
Move to hole center
Define position as pole
Downfeed in center
Move to wall
Helical movement
Retract in XY
Retract in Z
positron
displayed
Modes
~
Page
P 47
Contour Approach and Departure
Starting and end position
Selecting
the I”
contour
point
Before beginning contour programming,
compensation
is to begin.
Starting
In the vicinity of the first contour point, define an uncompensated
starting
point that can be
approached
in rapid traverse, and be sure to consider the tool In use. The starting point must fulfill the
following criteria:
point
l
l
l
l
Direct
Starting
approach
points
approachable
wrthout collision
near the ftrst contour point
outsrde the material
the contour WIII not be damaged
specify the first contour
J
when
approaching
point at which
the first contour
When working on a circle (G26/G27)
without the TNC approach/departure
tool does not blemish the contour due to a direction change.
0 Not recommended
machining
with
radius
point.
function,
also check that the
Surface blemish due to
change of Y-axis
direction
0 Not recommended
0 Suitable
Also for end point
8 Optimal
Lies on the extension of
the compensated
path
0 Not recommended
Contour
damage
@ Not permitted!
Radius compensation
must remain switched
for the starting position (G40).
End points
off
The same prerequisites
apply for selecting the
uncompensated
end point as for the starting
point.
The ideal end point 0 lies on the extension
last contour element G41.
of the
0, 0 Not recommended
Surface blemish due to
change of the X-axis
direction
0 Suitable
Also for the starting
point
8 Optimal
Lies on the extension of
the compensated
path
0 Not recommended
Contour
damage
@ Not permitted!
Radius compensation
must be switched
departure from the contour (G40).
Common
starting
and
end point
Page
P 48
off after
L
For a common
starting
and end point, select
point 0 on the bisecting line of the angle
between the first and last contour element.
Programming
Modes
Illustration
-.
-.-
programmed
path
traversed cutter center
path
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
d
Contour Approach
and Departure
Starting and end position
Approach
The starting position must be programmed
without radius compensation,
t.e. wrth G40.
The control guides the tool in a straight line from
the uncompensated
position 0 to the compensated position 0 of contour point 0. The tool center
is then located perpendicular
to the start of the
first radius-compensated
contour element.
Departure
At a transition from G41/G42 to G40. the control
positrons the tool center in the last radius compensated block (G41) perpendicular
to the end of
the last contour section.
Then the next uncompensated
approached
with G40.
positron
IS
Approaching
from an
unsuitable
position
If radius compensation
is begun from Sl, the tool
will damage the contour at the first contour point
if no extra measures are taken!
Departure
The same applies when
contour.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
departing
from the
Programming
Modes
Page
P 49
Contour Approach
and Departure
on a circle with radius R: G26/G27
Approach
departure
an arc
G26/G27
and
on
The TNC enables you to automatically
approach
and depart from contours on a circular path.
Begin programming
Approach
with the G26 or G27 key.
The tool moves from the startrng position 0 rnrtrally on a straight line and then on a tangentially
connected arc to the programmed
contour.
The starting potnt can be selected as desired,
is approached
without radius compensation
(with G40).
and
The straight line positioning
block to contour
point 0 must contain radius compensation
(G41 or G42).
Then program
Departure
a G26 block.
The tool moves from the last contour point 0 on
a tangentially connecting arc and then on a tangentially connecting straight line to the end positron 0 if a block with G27 IS programmed
between 0 and Or
The positioning block for 0 should
radius compensatron
(i.e. G40).
Approach
departure
arc/
arc
Feed rate
not contain
The radius R can be substantially less than the
tool radius. It must be small enough to frt between 0 and 0 or 0 and 0.
A feed rate exclusively for the approach and
departure arc can be programmed
separately
the G26/G27 block
Program
scheme
In
GO0 G40 Xj Yj 25
GO1 G41 X,‘Y,
F500
&41 Xj Y5 F200
G26 R2.5 FlOO
G27 R2.5 FlOO
X2 Y2 F500
G40 XE YE F500
GO0 Z+200
Notes
A positroning block containing both coordinates of the machining plane must be programmed before and after the G26/G27 block
Approach
on an arc:
Program a G26 block after the first radius
compensated
position (G41/G42).
Departure
on an arc:
Program a G27 block after the last radius
compensated
position (G41/G42), or before
the first uncompensated
position following
machining.
Page
P 50
Programming
Modes
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Predetermined
M Functions
Constant contour speed: M90
Standard
practice:
automatic
deceleration
at corners
For angular transitions such as internal corners
and contours with G40, the axes are stopped
briefly because an abrupt change of direction is
not mechanrcally possible.
This protects the machine
defrnrtron of corners
and results tn sharp
For some tasks it is advantageous
corners.
not to stop at
Example:
The contour of a free-form surface produced with
a large number of short linear movements. Here it
is desirable to smooth the corners.
M90
The corners are smoothed
if M90 is programmed In every block. The workpiece
is smoother and can be machined faster. M90 prevents
stoppage of the axes blockwise for G40 or rnternal corners.
Drawbacks
Greater strain on the machine at sharper changes
of direction, until safety limit is reached (specified
by the machine manufacturer).
Note
The exact execution depends on the machine
parameters. Contact the machine manufacturer
for more information.
Without
M90
With M90
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Programming
Modes
I
Page
P 51
Predetermined
M Functions
Small contour steps: M97
If there is a step in the contour which is smaller
than the tool radius, the standard transition arc
would cause contour damage. The control therefore issues the error message “TOOL RADIUS
TOO LARGE” and does not execute the corresponding posrtronrng block.
M97
M97 prevents insertion of the transrtion arc The
control then determines a contour intersection 0
as at inside corners and guides the tool over this
point. The contour is not damaged.
However, machining is then incomplete and the
corner may have to be reworked. A smaller tool
may help.
M97 is effective blockwise and must be programmed in the block containing the outside
corner point.
Example
Without
M97
G99 Tl LO RlO *
Tl G17 SlOO *
GO1 G41 X+10 Y+30 F200 M3 *
X+40 Y+30 M97 *
x+40 Y+28 *
X+80 Y+28 *
X+80 Y+30 M97 *
x+100 Y+30 *
a
a
0
8
0
With M97
M97
With M97
Page
P 52
Programming
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
-
Predetermined
M Functions
Terminating compensation:
M98
Standard
inside corner
compensation
On inside corners in a continuously
radius-compensated contour, the tool moves only to the
intersection of the equidistants
(see top figure).
The work cannot be completely
machined at
posrtions 0 and 6.
M98
The middle figure shows two independent
workpieces. Positions 0 and 6%are not connected.
The tool must therefore be guided to positions @
and @.
If you program a posrtion with M98, the path offset remains valrd until the end of this element
and is ended there for this block.
No intersection
is computed
and no transition arc is generated
for the end position, so
the tool is always moved to a point perpendicular
to the contour at its end point.
The previous compensation
IS reactivated
matically in the following block @I.
auto-
Position CDIS approached
to @I.
The contour
and 0.
Example
Multipass
with M98
IS
GO1 G41 X0 Y26 FlOO *
X+20 Y+26 *
X+20 Y+O M98 *
x+50 Y+O *
X+50 Y+26 *
X+60 Y+26 *
milling
Example
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Multipass
perpendicularly
thus completely
machined
at 0
0
0
0
6
0
@
mrllrng with infeeds
in Z
G30 G17 X+0 Y+O Z-40 *
G31 G90 X+100 Y-t100 Z+O *
G99 Tl L+O R+5 *
Tl G17 S200 *
GO0 G90 Z+50 *
G42 X+70 Y-10 MO3 *
Pre-positioning
z-10
Tool-axis
*
infeed
GO1 Y+llO F200 M98 *
GO0 Z-20 *
GO1 G41 Y+llO F200 *
Y-10 M98 *
Mill one pass
Second tool-axis infeed
Pre-positioning
Mill second pass
GO0 Z+50 *
Retract
I
Programming
Modes
Predetermined
Programming
M91/M92
coordinates:
Standard
behaviour
Coordinates
Scale
The position of the scale datum is determined
by the reference marks. If the scale has only one reference mark, then the reference mark is the scale datum. If the scale has several - distance-coded
reference marks, then the leftmost reference mark is scale datum (beginning of the measuring length)
With the TNC 360 the scale datum point is the same as the machine datum point.
datum
Machine
M91
datum
:
in positioning
M Functions
machine-based
l
Traversing
l
Setting the workpiece
Coordinates
to machine-based
positions
(such as tool change
blocks are based on the machine
referenced
to the machine
The machine
builder
can also define an additional
The machine
point.
builder
enters the distance
I
positions)
datum
in positioning
are displayed
If the coordinates
in these blocks.
Page
P 54
datum
The machine datum is required for the followrng:
l Setting
the traverse range limits (software limit switch)
If the coordinates
Additional
machine
reference
point:
M92
blocks are based on the workpiece
tn positioning
machrne-based
from the machine
Modes
enter M91 in these blocks
datum with the coordinate
reference
display
machine
REF.
point.
datum to this additional
blocks are based on this additional
Programming
datum,
machine
reference
I
reference
point, enter M92
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
-
Program Jumps
Overview
Jumping
within
a program
The following
gram:
jumps
0 Program
can be made within
section
l
Subprogram
l
Conditional
l
Unconditional
a pro-
Examples:
L 4,3 *
repeat
L 7,0 *
call
Dll POl+Q5 PO2+0PO312 *
jump
DO9 POl+O PO2+0PO38 *
jump
Nesting :
A further program section repeat or subprogram
can be called up from within a program section
repeat or subprogram.
Maximum
Jumping
another
program
to
nesting
depth:
8 levels
You can jump from one part program into any
other program which is in the control’s memory
or on an external data storage medium. The jump
into another program is programmed
with a
l
Program
l
Cycle G79, if another cycle was previously
defined with G39 as a callable cycle.
Examples:
call with “PGM CALL” or
I o/o3*
Nesting:
You can call further
gram.
Maximum
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25006
nesting
programs
depth:
G39 PO13 *
G79 *
from a called pro-
GO1X+50 M99 *
4 levels
Programming
Modes
I
Page
P 55
Jumps Within a Program
Program labels: G98
Labels
Labels (program markers) can be set during programming to mark the beginning of a subprogram or program section repeat.
O/o1G71 *
NlO G30 G17 X+0 Y+O Z-40 *
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+lOO Z+O *
N30 G99 Tl L+O R+3 *
N40 Tl G17 S500 *
N50 G83 PO1 -2 PO2 -20
PO3 -6 PO4 0 PO5 120 *
N60 GO0 G90 Z+50 MO6 *
N70 G40 X+10 Y+20 MO3 *
N80 z+2 *
N90 L1.0 *
NlOO X+20 Y+50 *
NllO L1.0 *
N120 X+10 Y-t80 *
N130 L1.0 *
N140 GO0 Z+50 MO2 *
These labels can be jumped to during program
run (e.g. to execute the appropriate
subprogram).
Setting
a label
G98
Label
A label is set with the G98. The label numbers
1 to 254 can be set only once in a program.
0
Label number
0 always marks the end of a
subprogram
(see “Subprogram”)
and is therefore
the return jump marker. It can thus occur more
than once in a program.
Do not call label O!
Calling a
label number
N150
N160
N170
Nl80
N190
N200
N210
N9999
With the “L” key you can:
0 call subprograms
0 create program
section
G98 Ll *
G79 *
G98 L2 *
GO0 G91 X+10
L2.5 *
G90 *
G98 LO *
O/o1G71 *
M99 *
Pecking cycle
Refer to “Fixed cycles” for explanation
repeats.
Label numbers (1 to 254) can be called as often
as desired.
Do not call label O!
Program
repeats
section
For program
section
repeats,
enter the required
Subprograms
For subprogram
Error
JUMP TO LABEL 0 NOT PERMITTED
This jump (LO) is not allowed.
messages
calls, enter 0 as the number
LABEL NUMBER
Each label number
Page
P 56
number
of repetitions
ALLOCATED
- except L 0 - can be allocated
Programming
Modes
of repetitions
(e.g. L2.5)
(e.g. L1.0). or simply conclude
(set) only once
with “End 0”
in a given program
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
-
Jumps Within a Program
Program section repeats
Program
repeats
section
Once a program section has been executed, it
can be executed again immediately. This is called
a program loop or program section repeat.
A label number marks the beginning of the program section which is to be repeated.
with
number
The end of the program section to be repeated
designated by a call LBL CALL with the number
of repetitions REP.
A program
times.
Jump
direction
Program
run
section can be repeated
is
N22 G98 L2 *
N23 GO0 G91 X+100
N24 L2,S *
up to 65534
A called program section repeat is always executed completely, i.e. up to L.
A program jump is therefore only meaningful if it
is a return jump.
The control executes the main program (along
with the associated program section) until the
label number is called. Then the return jump is
carried out to the called program label and the
program section is repeated.
The number of remaining repetitions
play is reduced by 1: L 215.
After another return jump, the program
repeated a second time.
on the dis-
section
is
When all programmed
repetitions have been performed (display: L 2/O), the main program is
resumed.
The total number of times a program section
is executed is always one more than the programmed number of repeats.
Error
message
M99 *
EXCESSIVE
N22 G98 L2 *
N23 GO0 G91 X+10
M99 *
N24 L2,5 *
.
SUBPROGRAMMING
You programmed
a jump incorrectly:
You failed to enter the repetition value. The program section is treated as a subprogram
without a
correct ending (G98 LO): the label number is called eight times. During program run or a test run the
error message appears on the screen after the eighth repetition.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
I
Programming
Modes
~
Page
P 57
Jumps Within a Program
Program section repeats
Setting the
program
label
Example:
Program
Repeating
a
program
section
after a label
Example
bolt-hole
row
label 1 is set.
6 repetitions from G98 Ll.
The program section between
is executed a total of 7 times.
G98 Ll and L 1.6
The illustrated bolt-hole row with 7 identical bores
is to be drilled with a program section repeat.
The tool IS pre-positioned
(offset to the left by the
bore center distance) before starting the repeat to
simplrfy programming.
Program
G99 Tl L+O R2.5 *
Tl G17 S200 *
GO0 G40 G90 X-7
G98 Ll*
G91 X+15
Y-t10 Z+2 MO3 *
Pre-positioning
Start of the program section repeat
Incremental distance between the bores,
rapid traverse
Absolute drilling depth, drilling feed rate
Absolut retraction height, rapid traverse
Call for repeats
*
GO1 G90 Z-10
GO0 Z+2 *
L1,6 *
Nesting of
repetitions
Tool definition
Tool call
FlOO *
The main program is executed until the jump to
G98 L17 (L17.2).
The program sectton between G98 L17 and L17.2
is repeated twice.
The control then resumes the main program
until the Jump to G98 L15 (L15.1).
run
OG -
0
Oz
The program section up to L15.1 is repeated once
and the nested program section also two more
times Then the program run is continued
0
0
Oz
Of=
0
Programming
Modes
z0+
G98 L17
0
goa
l-17.2
0
Page
P 58
z &-
G98 L15
L15.1
0
I
=O - I
q
0
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Jumping Within
Subprograms
a Program
Subprograms
If a program section occurs several times in the
same program, it can be designated as a subprogram and called whenever requrred. This speeds
up programming.
Start of
subprogram
The start of the subprogram
IS marked
label number
(can be any number).
End of
subprogram
The end of the subprogram
label 0.
with a
is always marked
by
The different subprograms
are then called in the
main program as often as wanted and in any
sequence.
N14
N’15
N16
N17
N18
N19
Ll,O
GO1
Ll,O
X+10
Ll,O
GO0
*
X+20 Y+50 *
*
Y-t80 *
*
G40 Z+50 MO2 *
N20
N21
N22
N23
N24
N25
G98
G79
G98
GO0
L2,5
G98
Ll *
*
L2 *
G91 X+10
*
LO *
M99 *
No repetitions
For a subprogram
call with the “L” key, the block IS concluded after the label number with “END 0”. A
subprogram
can be called at any point in the main program (but not from wrthin the same subprogram).
Program
The control
subprogram
run
executes
call 0.
the main program
A jump to the called program
performed.
Subprogram
1 is executed
of subprogram).
until the
label 0 is then
until G98 LO (0) (end
D il,O *
9 GOlX...Y...
Then the return jump to the main program follows
The main program is resumed with the block @
following the subprogram
call.
MO2 *
D G98 Ll *
3
G98 LO *
Subprograms
should be placed after the main program (behind M2 or M30) for the sake of clarity
If a subprogram
is placed within the main program, it is also executed once during program run
without being called.
Error messages
If a subprogram
message
EXCESSIVE
call
IS
programmed
incorrectly
(e.g. an end of subprogram
lacks G98 LO), the error
SUBPROGRAMMING
appears.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25006
Programming
Modes
Page
P 59
Jumps Within
Subprograms
Entry
example:
Subprogam
a Program
%l G71 *
2
:
L2,O *
Subprogram
program.
GO0Z+lOO MO2 *
Retract and return jump to start
G98 L2 *
G98 LO *
Start of subprogram
~
End of subprogram
N9999 %I G71 *
A group of four bores is to be programmed
as
subprogram
2 and executed at three different
positions.
Program
G99 Tl L+O R+2.5 *
Tl G17 S200*
G83 PO1-2
PO2-20 PO3-10
PO40 PO5100 *
Define pecking
GO0 G40 G90
X+15 Y+lO MO3 *
Approach
X+4.5 Y+60 *
L2,O *
Approach bore group 0
Subprogram
call
x+75 Y+lO *
L2,O *
Approach bore group 0
Subprogram
call
Z+50 MO2 *
Retract tool axis
call
Start of subprogram
Call peck dnllrng cycle
Incremental traverse, drill
Incremental traverse, drill
Incremental traverse, drill
Switch to absolute dimensions
End of subprogram
M99 = blockwise
Page
P 60
I
2
bore group 0
Subprogram
You will find an explanation
2
cycle
z+2 *
L2,O *
G98 L2 *
G79 *
G91 X+20 M99 *
Y-i-20 M99 *
X-20 M99 *
G90 *
G98 LO *
the main
End of main program
Example
Cross-reference
2 is called from within
cycle call
of the peck drilling
Programming
cycle in the section “Fixed cycles”
Modes
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25006
-
Jumps Within a Program
Nesting subprograms
Nesting
subprograms
The main program is executed
command L17.0 is reached.
until the jump
O/o12
G71 *
The subprogram
beginning with G98 L17 is subsequently executed until the next call L20. which
is then run until L53.0.
The lowest nested subprogram
until its end (G98, LO).
At the
return
grams
finally
L17,O*
MO2 *
53 is run through
G98 L17 *
end (G98 LO) of the last subprogram
(53).
jumps are made to the preceding subpro(20 and 17). until the main program is
reached.
The main program is then taken up again at the
point immediately following the call L17.0.
A subprogram
call is considered executed
when the first G98 LO is reached!
id,,,0 *
&98 LO *
G98 L20 *
L53,o *
&98 LO *
G98 L53 *
b98 LO *
N9999 %12 G71 *
Repeating
subprograms
You can execute subprograms
the nesting technique:
repeatedly
with
Subprogram
50 is called in a program section
repeat. This subprogram
call is the only block in
the program section repeat.
Error message
Remember: the subprogram
will be executed
more time than the programmed
number of
repeats.
one
If too many nesting levels were programmed,
error message EXCESSIVE SUBPROGRAMMING
appears.
the
G98 L5 *
L50,O *
L5,9 *
M2 *
G98 L50 *
G98 LO *
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Programming
Modes
Page
P 61
Jumps Within a Program
Example: Hole pattern with several tools
Task
This task is similar to the example of the “group
of four bores at three different positions” (see
chapter “Jumps Wrthrn a Program”, section “Subprogram”) except that here three different tools
and machining processes are to be used.
Note
You will find an explanation of the pecking and
tapping cycles in the chapter “Fixed cycles”.
O/o183 G71
NlO G30
N20 G31
N30 G99
N40 G99
N50 G99
Countersink
*
G17
G90
T25
T30
T35
X+0 Y+O Z-20 *
X+110 Y+lOO Z+O *
L-t0 R+2.5 *
L-t0 R+3 *
L+O R+3.5 *
N60 G83 PO1 -2 PO2 -3 PO3 -3
PO4 0 PO5 100 *
N70 T35 G17 SlOOO *
N80 GO0 G90 Z+50 MO6 *
N90 L1.0 *
Pecking
NlOO G83 PO1 -2 PO2 -25
PO4 0 PO5 50 *
NllO T25 G17 S2000 *
N120 GO0 Z+50 MO6 *
N130 Ll,O *
Tapping
Tool change
Call: subprogram
PO3 -6
Tool change
N140 G84 PO1 -2 PO2 -15
PO3 0 PO4 100 *
N150 T30 G17 S250 *
N160 GO0 z+50 MO6 *
N170 Ll,O *
N180 GO0 G40 Z+50 MO2 *
Subprogram
1
Tool change
Retract spindle
axis, jump to start of program
1
Subprogram
N190
N200
N210
N220
N230
N240
N250
N260
N270
G98
G40
Z+2
L2,O
X+45
L2,O
X+75
L2,O
G98
Ll *
X+15 Y+lO
*
*
Y+60 *
*
Y+lO *
*
LO *
N280
N290
N300
N310
N320
N330
N340
G98
G79
G91
Y+20
X-20
GO0
G98
L2 *
*
X+20 M99 *
M99 *
M99 *
G90 *
LO *
MO3 *
Approach hole pattern 0
Move to setup clearance
Call: subprogram
2
Approach hole pattern 0
Approach
hole pattern 0
2
Cycle call (countersrnk, peck drill, tap)
M99 = blockwise cycle call
N9999 O/o183 G71 *
Page
P 62
Programming
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Jumping
Example:
Task
Within a Program
Horizontal geometric
form
The adjacent geometric contour is to be
machined from a cuboid with an end mill which
IS to be advanced stepwise in the Y direction by
a program section repeat.
The contour is divided into two halves along the
line of symmetry to simplify the working procedure. The contour IS to be machined upwards.
In addition to the adjacent
length is specified with:
Y = 100 mm.
Program
procedure
dimensions,
the cuboid
The adjacent figure schematically
shows the cutter center path and the associated program
blocks. The entire contour is divided into a “left”
and “right” half and is machined in the two program section repeats.
The program runs without
radius compensation, i.e. the cutter center path is programmed.
To obtain the desired contour, the tool radius
must be subtracted
on the left side and added
on the right side (at1 X coordinates).
%90007685G71 *
N10 G30 G17 X+0 Y+O Z-70 *
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+lOO Z+O *
N30 G99 Tl L+O R+lO *
N40 Tl G17 SlOOO*
N50 GO0G90 Z+20 MO6 *
N60 G40 X-20 Y-l MO3 *
Program section
repeat 1
N70 G98 Ll *
N80 Z-51 *
N90 GO1X+1 FlOO *
NlOO X+11.646 Z-20.2 *
NllO GO6X+40 Z+O *
N120 GO1X+41 *
N130 GO0Z+lO *
N140 X-20 G91 Y+2.5 *
Nl50 GO0 G90 *
N160 L1,40 *
@
@
0
63
Approach
N190 G98 L2 *
N200 Z-5i *
N210 GO1X+99 FlOO *
N220 X+88.354 Z-20.2 *
N230 GO6X-t-60 Z+O *
N240 GO1X+.59 *
N2.50GO0Z+lO *
N260 X+120 G91 Y+2.5 *
N270 GO0 G90 *
N280 L2,40 *
point for “left side”
lnfeed in Y axis
Program
N170 GO0Z+20 *
N180 x+120 Y-l *
Program section
repeat 2
starting
section
is executed
41 times
Retract spindle axis
Approach starting point for “right side”
8
0
0
0
lnfeed It- Y axis
Program
N290 Z+20 MO2 *
N9999 %90007685G71 *
section
is executed
41 times
Retract spindle axis, jump to
start of program
Programming
Modes
I
Page
P 63
Program
Jumping
another
program
to
main
Calls
You can call another program which is stored in the control from any machining
This allows you to create your own fixed cycles with parametric programming.
Program the call with a “%” key.
program.
Calling
criteria
The program to be called cannot contain MO2 or M30. In the called program, do not program a jump
back to the original program (creates an endless loop). Only one BLK FORM can exist. Tool numbers
may be assigned only once.
Process
The control executes main program 1 up to the
program call %28. Then a jump IS made to main
program 28.
Main program
end.
28 is executed
from beginning
to
%l
G71 *
%28
Then a return jump is made to main program 1.
Main program 1 is resumed with the block following the program call.
G71 *
o--
\
0
-0
N9999
mple
%l
/
%28
~
0
G71 ”
0
G71 -
1
Call with a separate
Example
0 =--’
N9999
0
2
Call e.g. via M99
(see Cycle G39)
A label call can be made dependent
Overview, Basic functions”).
Page
P 64
line
The program to be called can also be specified
with a cycle definition. The call then functions like
a fixed cvcle.
G39 PO112 *
Conditional
jumps
program
on a mathematical
Programming
Modes
condition
(see “Parametric
Programming,
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Standard Cycles
Introduction, Overview
Standard
cycles
Machine
builder cycles
To facilitate programming,
frequently recurring
machining sequences (drilling and milling jobs)
and certain coordinate transformations
are preprogrammed
as standard cycles.
The machine manufacturer
can also store his
own programs as cycles in the control.
These cycles can be called under the cycle numbers 68 to 99. Contact the machine manufacturer
for more information.
Selecting
a cycle
After selecting the appropriate
G-function and
pressing the “ENT” key, data for the cycles shown
to the right can be entered and also any programmed user cycles can be selected.
G
Cycle
83
84
74
75176
Pecking
Tapping
Slot milling
Rectangular
pocket
Circular pocket
Program call
77/78
79
73
Calling a
fixed cycle
G79
M99
M89
56
57
58/59
Contour
geometry
Pilot drilling
Rough-out
Contour milling
Cycles must be called after moving the tool to
the appropriate
position - only then will the last
defined cycle be executed.
G
Cycle
There are three ways to call a cycle:
54
28
73
Datum shift
Mirror image
Rotating the
coordinate
system
Scaling
Dwell time
l
With the cycle call function
l
Via the miscellaneous
function M99.
G79 and M99 are only effective blockwrse
and must therefore be reprogrammed
for
every execution.
l
Via the miscellaneous
M89
M89
Coordinate
transformations
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
ii
$ .P
$-ii
eij, E
82
s z
e
G79
function
M89 (depending
72
04
::
on machine
transformations
Modes
0
0
0
0
Effective
immediately
:
0
0
0
Spindle
Program call
orientation
0
parameters)
and the dwell time are effective immediately
Programming
Effective
immediately
0
0
Effective
after
call
is effective modally, i.e. the last programmed
cycle is called at every subsequent
is cancelled or cleared by M99, G79 or by newly defining a fixed cycle.
Coordinate
ged.
Effective
after
call
0
0
0
0
and remain
posrtionrng
block.
effective until chan-
Page
P 65
Fixed Cycles
Preparatory measures
Prerequisites
Dimensions
The following must be programmed
cycle call (e.g M99).
l
Tool call: to specify the spindle
spindle speed
l
Positioning
block to the startrng
before a
posrtion
GO G90 X . . . Y . . . M3 *
In the cycle definition, dimensions for the tool
axes are to be entered incrementally, referenced
to the tool positron at cycle call.
All infeeds
negative).
Page
P 66
Programming
+
G83 . . . . . .
must have the same sign (usually
Enter all values as requested and confirm entry
with “ENT” You must respond to every dialog
query by entering a value! Conclude entry with
“END 0”.
Entering
values
*
Tl . . . . . .
axis and the
Modes
Z ...
M99 *
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Fixed Cycles
Pecking : G83
Function
input
data
A hole is drilled wrth multiple infeeds, each followed by a complete retraction.
lnfeed value signs:
- for negative working direction
l + for positive working
direction
l
All infeeds
must have the same sign
Setup clearance
(starting posrtion)
A: distance between tool trp
and workprece surface.
Total hole depth B: distance
piece surface and the bottom
the drill taper).
Pecking
depth
between the workof the hole (tip of
C: the infeed per cut.
Dwell time: the time the tool remains
tom of the bore hole for chip breaking.
Feed rate F: traversing
infeed.
Process
speed
at the bot
of the tool during
0 The tool must be positioned to the setup clearance with a separate
block, before the cycle
call.
l The tool drills from the starting
position to the
first pecking depth at the programmed
feed
rate.
l After reaching
the first pecking depth the tool is
retracted in rapid traverse to the starting position and advanced agarn to the first pecking
depth, minus the advanced stop distance t.
0 The tool then advances by another infeed at
the programmed
feed rate, returns again to the
starting position etc.
0 Drilling and retraction are performed alternately
until the programed total hole depth is reached.
l After the dwell time at the hole bottom,
the tool
is retracted to the starting position in rapid
traverse.
Advanced
stop distance
The advanced stop distance
computed by the control:
l
l
t
IS
automatically
For a total hole depth up to 30 mm:
t = 0.6 mm;
For a total hole depth over 30 mm:
t = total hole depth/50, whereby the maximum
advanced stop distance is limited to t,,, = 7 mm.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
Programming
Modes
Page
P 67
Fixed Cycles
Pecking : G83
Defining
the cycle
Operating
mode
SET UP CLEARANCE ?
c
Specify setup clearance
Enter the sign correctly
(normally positrve)
Confirm
TOTAL HOLE DEPTH ?
entry
Specify hole depth
Enter the sign correctly
(normally negative)
Confirm entry
Specify pecking
PECKING DEPTH ?
depth
Enter the sign correctly
(normally negative)
Confirm
DWELL TIME IN SECS. ?
0
Enter the dwell time at the bottom
hole (zero for no dwell time)
Confirm
FEED RATE ? F =
0
Page
P 68
total hole depth and pecking
Programming
Modes
of the
entry
Enter the feed rate for pecking
Confirm
The signs for setup clearance,
negative)!
entry
entry
depth are all the same (normally
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25006
Fixed Cycles
Pecking : G83
Remarks
0 The total hole depth can be programmed
equal
to the pecking depth. The tool then traverses In
one work step to the programmed
depth (e.g.
for centering).
0 The total depth need
pecking depth. In the
will only be advanced
the programmed
hole
l
not be a multrple of the
last work step, the tool
the remaining distance to
depth.
If the specified pecking depth is greater than
the total hole depth, drrllrng IS only performed
to the programmed
total hole depth.
The above also applies to other fixed cycles.
Example
Drill 2 holes (depth
pecking cycle.
G99 Tl L+O R3 *
Tl G17 S200 *
Tool definition
and call
G83 PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
Setup clearance
Total depth
Pecking depth
Dwell time
Feed rate
-2
-20
-10
2
80 *
GO0 G40 X+20
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
20 mm) with the standard
Y+30 MO3 *
Pilot positroning,
spindle
Z+2 M99 *
IS’ hole, cycle call
X+80
2”d hole, cycle call
I
Y+50 M99 *
Programming
Modes
on
I
Page
P 69
Fixed Cycles
Tapping with floating tap holder: G84
Function
The thread
IS cut In one operation
A floating tap holder is required for tapping. It
must compensate
for the tolerances between the
feed rate, speed and the tool geometry as well as
spindle run out after the positron is reached.
Spindle speed override IS inactive after a cycle
call; the feed rate override is only active over a
limited range (set by the machine manufacturer
via machine parameters).
Input
data
Setup clearance
(startrng positron)
ard value: approx.
sign depends on
A: distance between tool tip
and workpiece
surface (stand4 x thread pitch). The preceding
the working direction.
Total hole depth B (= thread length): distance
between workpiece surface and end of thread.
The signs for setup clearance and total hole depth
are the same (usually negative).
Dwell time: enter either the time between
tool, or 0. This time IS machine-dependent.
Feed rate/
thread pitch
Feed rate F: traversing
Determining
the required
F=SxP
F: feed rate
S: spindle speed
P: thread pitch
reversing
speed of the tool during
the direction
of spindle
and retracting
feed rate:
in the tool call and the feed rate
Once the tool has reached the total hole depth,
the direction of spindle rotation is reversed within
a time period set by machine parameters.
At the end of the programmed
dwell time, the
tool is retracted to the starting position. The
spindle direction is reversed again in the retracted
position
Input
Same as for “Pecking”
Example
Tap an M6 hole wtth 0.75 mm pitch at 100 rpm
Page
P 70
G99 Tl L+O R3 *
Tl G17 SlOO*
Tool definition
and call
G84 PO1-3
PO2-20
PO30.4
PO475 *
GO0G40 X+50 Y+20 MO3 *
Z+3 M99 *
Setup clearance
Thread depth
Dwell time
Feed rate
I
the
tapping
The thread pitch is determined
indirectly by the spindle speed specified
of the cycle (see index A, “General Information, Cutting Data”).
Process
rotation
Pilot positronrng,
spindle
right
Cycle call
Programming
Modes
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Fixed Cycles
Slot milling: G74
The cycle
The slot milling
finishing cycle.
cycle is a combined
roughing/
The slot IS parallel to one axis of the current coordinate system (rotation with cycle G73, if desired).
Tool required
The cycle requires a center-cut
(IS0 1641). The cutter diameter
smaller than the slot width.
Input
Setup clearance
(starting positron)
data
end mill
must be slightly
A: distance between tool tip
and workpiece surface.
Milling
depth B: (= slot depth): distance
between work surface and bottom of slot.
Pecking depth C: penetrating
tool Into the workpiece.
distance
of the
The signs for setup clearance, milling depth and
pecking depth are all the same (usually negative)
Feed rate for pecking:
tool during penetration.
traversing
speed of the
lSf side length D: slot length (finished size).
Sign depends on the first direction of cut parallel
to the longrtudrnal axis of the slot.
2”d side length E: slot width,
the tool radius (finished size).
Feed rate: traversing
machrnrng plane.
Roughing
process
l
l
l
Finishing
process
maximum
4 times
speed of the tool in the
The tool penetrates the work from the starting
position.
The slot is then milled In the longitudrnal direc
tron. After downfeed at the end of the slot, mrlling is in the opposite direction.
The procedure is repeated until the programmed milling depth is reached.
The control advances the tool in a semicircle at
the bottom of the slot by the remaining finishing
cut and down-cut
mrlls the contour (with M3).
The tool is subsequently
retracted in rapid traverse to the setup clearance.
If the number of infeeds was odd, the cutter
returns along the slot at the setup clearance to
the starting positron in the main plane.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Programming
Modes
Page
P 71
Fixed Cycles
Slot milling: G74
Example
A horizontal slot with length 50 mm and width
10 mm as well as a vertical slot with length
80 mm and wrdth 10 mm are to be milled.
Cycle
definition
N50 G74 PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PO6
PO7
Starting
position
Definition of the horizontal
slot
Setup clearance
Milling depth
Pecking depth
Feed rate for pecking
Length of slot and frrst milling direction
Slot width
Feed rate
-2
-20
-5
80
x-50
Y+lO
100 *
NT0 Z+2 M99 *
Approach starting position without
compensation, taking the tool radius into account in the
longitudinal
direction of the slot; spindle on
Pre-positioning
in Z, cycle call
N80 G74 PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PO6
PO7
Definition of the vertical slot
Setup clearance
Milling depth
Pecking depth
Feed rate for pecking
Slot length and first milling direction
Slot width
Feed rate
N60 GO0 G40 G90 X+76
Y+15 M3 *
-2
-20
-5
80
Y+80
X+10
100 *
I
I
(+)
Approach starting position, cycle call
Retract In tool axis, end of program
N90 X+20 Y+14 M99 *
NlOO Z+50 M2 *
N9999 %5501 G71 *
Page
P 72
(-1
Programming
Modes
I
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
-
Fixed Cycles
Rectangular pocket milling:
The cycle
The rectangular
cvcle.
Tool required
The cycle requires a center-cut end mill
(IS0 1641). or pilot drilling at the pocket center
G75/G76
pocket milling cycle IS a roughing
The tool determines the radius at the pocket
corners. There is no circular movement in the
pocket corners.
Position
Input
The pocket sides are parallel to the coordinate
system axes; the coordinate system may have to
be rotated (see G73: Rotating the coordinate
system).
data
Setup clearance
A: distance between tool tip
(starting position) and workprece surface.
Milling depth B (= pocket depth): distance
between workpiece surface and bottom of
pocket.
Pecking depth C: distance by which the tool
penetrates the workpiece.
The signs for setup clearance, milling depth and
pecking depth are all the same (usually negative).
Feed rate for pecking
F,: traversing speed of
the tool at penetration.
IS’ side length D: pocket length parallel to the
first main axis of the machining plane. The sign is
always positive.
2”d side length E: pocket width; the sign is
always positive.
Feed rate F,: traversing speed of the tool in the
machining plane.
Direction
Climb
G75:
of the milling
path:
milling (down cut)
counterclockwise,
down-cut
with M3
milling
Conventional
milling (up cut)
G76:
clockwise, up-cut milling with M3
FMAX
la
Starting
position
The starting position S (pocket center) must be
approached
without radius compensation
in a
preceding positioning
block.
Process
l
The tool penetrates the work from the starting
position (pocket center).
0 The cutter then follows the programmed
path
at feed rate F2.
The
axis
side
the
starting direction of the cutter is the positive
direction of the longer side, i.e. if this longer
is parallel to the X axis, the cutter starts in
posrtrve X direction.
The cutter always starts It- the positive
on square pockets.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Y direction
Programming
Modes
Page
P 73
Fixed Cycles
Rectangular pocket milling:
Process
G75/G76
The milling drrectron depends on the programming (here, G76). The maximum stepover is k.
The process is repeated until the programmed
milling depth is reached.
On completion,
ing position.
Stepover
the tool is withdrawn
Stepover k is computed by the control
to the followrng formula:
to the start
according
k=FxR
k: stepover
F: the overlap factor specified by the machine
manufacturer
(depends upon a machine parameter, see index A “General Information,
MOD Functions, User parameters”)
Fi: cutter radius
Example
G99 Tl L+O R5 *
Tl G17 S200 *
G76 PO1 -2
PO2 -30
PO3 -10
PO4 80
PO5 X+80
PO6 X+40
PO7 100 *
GO0 G40 X+45
Setup clearance
Milling depth
Pecking depth
Feed rate for pecking
1”’ side length of the pocket
2”d side length of the pocket
Feed rate
Y+3.5 M3 *
Pre-positioning
spindle on
Z-i-2 M99 *
Page
P 74
1
Pilot positioning
cvcle call
Programming
Modes
in X, Y,
in Z,
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Fixed Cycles
Circular pocket milling:
The cycle
The circular
cycle.
Tool required
The cycle requires a center-cut end mill
(IS0 1641) or pilot drilling at the pocket center S.
Input
Setup clearance
A: distance between tool trp
(starting position) and workpiece
surface.
Milling
depth B (= pocket depth): distance between workprece surface and bottom of pocket.
Pecking depth C: amount by which the tool
penetrates the workpiece.
The signs for setup clearance, milling depth and
pecking depth are all the same (usually negative)
Feed rate for pecking F,: traversing speed of
the tool at penetration.
Circle radius R: radius of the circular pocket.
Feed rate Fp: traversing speed of the tool in the
machining plane.
data
pocket milling
G77/G78
cycle is a roughing
i
Direction
of the milling path:
Conventional
milling (up cut)
G77:
clockwise, up-cut milling with M3
Climb
G78:
milling (down cut)
counterclockwise,
with M3
down-cut
milling
Starting
position
The starting positron S (pocket center) must be
approached
wrthout radius compensation
in a
preceding positioning
block.
Process
l
The tool penetrates the work from the starting
position (pocket center) at the “feed rate for
peckrng”.
l
The cutter then follows the programmed
spiral
path at feed rate F2. The dtrectron of the path
depends upon the programming
(here, G78).
The starting
l
l
l
direction
L
of the cutter is for the
IF2
XY plane the Y+ direction,
ZX plane the X+ direction,
YZ plane the Z+ direction.
The maximum stepover is the value k (see “Rectangular Pocket Milling”).
The process
milling depth
repeated until the programmed
is reached.
IS
When milling is completed,
to the starting position.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
the tool is withdrawn
Programming
Modes
Page
P 75
Fixed Cycles
Circular pocket milling:
G77/G78
J
d
Example
4
A circular pocket with radius 35 mm and depth
20 mm IS to be milled at position X+60 Y+50.
G99 Tl L+O RlO *
Tl G17 S200*
Page
P 76
G77 PO1-2
PO2-20
PO3-6
PO480
PO5+35
PO6100 *
Setup clearance
Milling depth
Pecking depth
Feed rate for pecking
Circle radius
Milling feed rate
GO0 G40 X+60 Y-c.50MO3 *
Pre-positioning
Z+2 M99 *
Starting
Programming
Modes
position
..
in X and Y
in Z, cycle call
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
-
SL Cycles
Fundamentals
The group of cycles that we categorize as SL
cycles is designed for efficient programming
and
milling of contours with one or more tools. The
contour can be composed of several overlapping
subcontours
which are defined in separate subprograms.
PILOT DRILLING:
The term SL cycles is derived from the characteristic Subcontour
List of cycle G37 CONTOUR
GEOMETRY, in which the list of subprograms
is
filed.
The control superimposes
the separate contours
to form a single whole. The programmer
need
not calculate the points of intersection!
To be able to work with several tools, the machining task is defined in cycle G37 without toolspecific data or feed values; those are entered in
the individual cycles:
G56 Pilot drilling (If required)
G57 Rough-out
G58/G59
Contour mrllrng (finishing)
Each subprogram
must specify whether G41 or G42 radius compensation
applies and in which
direction
the contour is to be machined. The control deduces from these data whether the specific
subprogram
describes a pocket or an island.
The control
The control
Scheme of a
program with
SL cycles
recognizes
recognizes
a pocket if the tool path lies inside the contour.
an island if the tool path lies outside the contour.
Be sure to run a graphic simulation before executing
computed by the control as desired.
All coordinate transformations
formations, Overview”).
are allowed
a program
In programming
to see whether
the contours
the contour
(see “Coordinate
was
Trans-
Not all of the SL cycles are always required
For easier famtltanzation. the followrng examples
progressively to the full range of functions.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
/
Programming
begin with only the rough-out
Modes
cycle and then proceed
~
Page
P 77
SL Cycles
Contour geometry:
Rough-out: G57
Contour
geometry:
G37
The label numbers (subprograms)
of the subcontours are specified in cycle G37 “contour
geometry”.
Up to 12 label numbers can be entered.
The TNC computes the intersections of the resulting contour from the subcontours.
Cycle G37 is immediately
effective after definition
(this cycle cannot be called).
The list of subcontours
in cycle G37 should begin
with a pocket.
G37
r
FA
cl
D
A
L
B
A, B = Pockets
C, D = Islands
NS G37 PO111 PO212 PO313 *
Example
Rough-out:
G57
The subprograms
complete contour
Cycle G57 specifies the cutting path and partitronrng.
It must be called, and can be executed separately.
Tool required
Cycle G57 requires a center-cut end mill (IS0 1641) if no pilot drilling
repeatedly jump over contours and plunge to the milling depth.
Input
Setup clearance
(A), milling depth (B),
pecking depth (C) are incremental with the
same signs (usually negative).
data
11. 12 and 13 define the
in the example.
Feed rate for pecking:
tool at penetration
(Fl).
traversing
is desired
and if the tool must
speed of the
Finishing allowance:
allowance in the machining plane, positive value (D).
If a negative allowance is entered, pockets will
be milled too large by twice the allowance, while
islands will be milled too small by the same
amount.
Rough-out
angle: roughing out direction relative
to the reference axis of the machining plane.
Feed rate: traversing speed of the tool in the
machining plane (F2).
The tool must be positioned at the setup clea
rance (A) before the cycle call.
N16 G57 PO1-2
PO2-20
PO3-10
PO440
PO5t-1
PO6+0
PO760 *
Example
Page
P 78
Setup clearance
Milling depth
Pecking depth
Feed rate for penetration
Finishing allowance
Rough-out angle
Feed rate in the working
Programming
Modes
plane
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
SL Cycles
Rough-out:
G57
Process
The tool is automatically
positioned over the first
penetration
point (with finishing allowance).
It
may be necessary to pre-position
the tool before
the call to prevent collision. The tool penetrates at
the feed rate for pecking.
Milling
the contour
After reaching the first pecking depth, the tool
mills the first subcontour at the programmed
milling feed rate with the frnrshing allowance.
At the penetration point, the tool is advanced to
the next pecking depth. This process is repeated
unttl the programmed
milling depth is attained.
Further subcontours
are milled in the same manner.
Clearing
the area
The area is then roughed out, the tool skipping
over islands as follows: the tool retracts in rapid
traverse to the setup clearance and moves to the
next calculated penetration point. The tool then
penetrates behind the island in the pre-milled
channel at the feed rate for pecking. The feed
direction corresponds
to the programmed
roughout angle and can be set, so the resulting cuts
are as long as possible with few cutting movements. The stepover equals the tool radius. Clearing out can be performed with multiple downfeeds.
The tool is retracted
end of the cycle.
Sequence
contour
milling/
area clearance
to the setup clearance
D = Finishing allowance
E = Stepover
a = Rough-out angle
at the
A machine parameter determines whether the
contour is milled first and then the area cleared
or vice versa.
-.-.
7
.-.
-d
L-,
-.-.
nc)
In the same way is specified whether contour
milling or roughing out is performed continuously
over all infeeds, or for each infeed in the specified sequence.
Climb/
conventional
A machine parameter also determines whether
the contour is milled conventionally
or by climb
cutting (see index A “General Information, MOD
Functions, User parameter MP 7420”).
Begin with
contour
milling
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Programming
Modes
Begin with
surface
clearing
Page
P 79
SL Cycles
Roughing-out
Task
Rectangular
a rectangular
pocket with rounding
Interior machrnrng
radius 5 mm.
pocket
radius
of rectangular
pocket with rounded
corners,
with a center-cut
end mill (IS0 1641). tool
i
a
w
60
bO@
LBLl-.
L
PGM
%7206
O/o7206 G71 *
NlO G30 G17 X-20 Y-20 Z-40 *
N20 G31 G90 X+120 Y+120 Z+O *
N30 G99 Tl L-t0 R+5 *
N42 Tl G17 SlOOO *
N50 GO0 G90 Z+lOO MO3 *
N60 G37 PO2
N70 G57 PO1
PO4
PO7
N80 G40 X+40
Blank min. point
Blank max. point
Tool definition
Tool call
1*
-2 PO2 -20 PO3 -8
100 PO5 +0 PO6 +0
500 *
“List” of contour subprograms
Definition for “rough-out”
Y+50 Z-t2 M99 *
Pre~positionrng,
N90 GO0 G40 Z-t20 MO2 *
NlOO
NllO
N120
N130
N140
N150
N160
N170
N180
N190
N200
N210
N9999
G98 Ll *
G41 X+40
Y+60 *
X+15 *
G25 R12 *
Y+20 *
G25 R12 *
x+70 *
G25 R12 *
Y+60 *
G25 R12 *
X+40 *
G98 LO *
O/o7206 G71 *
PGM %7207
Page
P 80
cycle call
Retract, return jump to start of program
Contour subprogram
Radius compensatron
IS G41 (RL) and tool path is
counterclockwise,
the control therefore deduces:
pocket.
0
0
0
@
0
@
creates a contour
island with identical
Programming
Modes
dimensions
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
-
SL Cycles
Roughing-out
Task
Rectangular
a rectangular
island with rounding
Exterior machining
radius 5 mm
island
radius.
of rectangular
Island with rounded
corners,
with a center-cut
end mill (IS0 1641). tool
YA
6o o/
-- LBL 1
I
I
70
15
PGM
%7207
O/o7207 G71 *
N10 G30 G17 X+0 Y+O Z-40 *
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+lOO Z+O *
N30 G99 Tl L+O R-t5 *
N40 Tl G17 Slll *
N50 GO0 G90 Z+lOO MO3 *
N60 G37 PO1
N70 G57 PO1
PO4
PO7
N80 G40 X+40
Tool
“List” of contour subprograms
Definition for “rough-out”
Y-t50 Z+2 M99 *
Pre-positioning,
N90 GO0 G40 Z+20 MO2 *
G98
G42
X+15
G25
Y+20
G25
x+70
G25
Y+60
G25
X+40
G98
Ll *
X+40 Y+60 *
*
R12 *
*
R12 *
*
R12 *
*
R12 *
*
LO *
N220
N230
N240
N250
N260
N270
N280
N9999
G98 L2 *
G41 X-5 Y-5 *
X+105 *
Y+105 *
X-5 *
Y-5 *
G98 LO *
O/o7207 G71 *
PGM %7206
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
x
Blank
2 PO2 1 *
-2 PO2 -20 PO3 -8
100 PO5 +0 PO6 +0
500 *
NlOO
NllO
N120
N130
N140
N150
N160
N170
N180
N190
N200
N210
b
(sequence!)
cycle call
Retract, return jump to start of program
0
0
Radius compensation
is G42 (RR) and tool path is
counterclockwise,
the control therefore deduces:
island.
0
6
0
63
creates a contour
Auxiliary pocket to externally
the machined surface
pocket with identical
Programming
Modes
limit
dimensions.
I
Page
P 81
SL Cycles
Overlaps
Overlapping
pockets and
islands
Pockets and islands can be overlapped (superimposed). The resulting contour is computed by the
TNC.
The area of a pocket can, for example, be
enlarged by an another pocket or reduced by an
Island.
Starting
position
Machining
begins at the starting positron of the
first contour label of cycle G37. The starting POSItions should be located as far as possible from
the superimposed
contours.
If the subcontours
are always defined in the
same working direction, then for example with a
positive working direction pockets can be easily
recognized
by the G41 (RL) compensation,
and
islands by the G42 (RR).
Page
P 82
Programming
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25006
-
SL Cycles
Overlapping
Task
Overlapped
pockets
pockets.
Interior machining
of overlapping
pockets with a center-cut
end mill (IS0 1641). tool radius 3 mm
r
I
35
PGM
%7208
Note
O/o7208
G71 *
NlO G30 G17 X+0 Y-t0 Z-40 *
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+lOO Z+O *
N30 G99 T2 L+O R+3 *
N40 T2 G17 SlOO*
N50 GO0 G90 Z+200 *
N60 G40 X+50 Y-t50 MO3 *
Tool
N70 G37 PO11 PO22 *
“List” of contour
N80 G57 PO1-2 PO2-10 PO3-10
PO4500 PO5+0 PO6+0
PO7500 *
Definitron
N90 Z+2 M99 *
Setup clearance
NlOO GO0 G40 Z+200 MO2 *
Retract
Blank, tool axrs
Pre-position
X and Y. spindle
Programming
Modes
on
subprograms
for “rough-out”
Z. cycle call
return jump to start of program
Machining
begins with the first contour label defined in block N70!
The first pocket must begin outside the second pocket.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
I
65
*
X
SL Cycles
Overlapping
pockets
cl
Sl
A
B
52
Points of
intersection
The pocket elements A and B overlap each other
Since the control automatically
computes the points of intersection
programmed.
They are programmed
Sl and S2, these points need not be
as full circles
NllO
N120
N130
N140
N150
G98
G41
I+35
GO3
G98
Ll *
X+10 Y+50 *
J+50 *
X+10 Y+50 *
LO *
N160
N170
N180
N190
N200
G98
GO1
I+65
GO3
G98
L2 *
G41 X+90 Y+50
J+50 *
X+90 Y+50 *
LO *
I
IA
Left pocket
J
*
B
Right pocket
N9999 O/o7208 G71 *
Execution
Depending on the control
or the area.
Contour
Page
P 84
edge is machined
setup (machine
parameters),
first
machining
begins either with the contour
Area is machined
Programming
Modes
first
/
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
edge
SL Cycles
Overlapping
“Sum”
area
pockets
Both areas (element A and element B) along with
the common overlapping area are to be
machined.
l A and B must be pockets.
l the first pocket
(in cycle G37) must begin
outside the second.
NllO
N120
N130
N140
N150
G98
G41
I+35
GO3
G98
Ll *
X+10 Y+50 *
J+50 *
X+10 Y+50 *
LO *
N160
N170
N180
N190
N200
G98
GO1
I+65
GO3
G98
L2 *
G41 X+90 Y-t50 *
J+50 *
X+90 Y+50 *
LO *
I ’
--.---A
0 A and 0 B are the starting
contour labels.
“Difference”
area
Area A is to be machined
overlapped by B:
l
l
without
points of the
the portion
A must be a pocket and B an island.
A must begin outside of B.
NllO
N120
N130
N140
N150
G98
G41
I+35
GO3
G98
Ll *
X+10 Y+50 *
J+50 *
X+10 Y+50 *
LO *
N160
N170
N180
N190
N200
G98
GO1
I+65
GO3
G98
L2 *
G42 X+90 Y+50 *
J+50 *
X+90 Y+50 *
LO *
An island can also reduce several pocket areas.
The starting points of the pocket contours must
all be outside the island.
“Intersecting”
area
Only the area covered
to be machined.
l
l
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
commonly
by A and B is
A and B must be pockets.
A must begin inside of B.
NllO
N120
N130
N140
N150
G98
G41
I+35
GO3
G98
Ll *
X+60 Y+50 *
J+50 *
X+60 Y+50 *
LO *
N160
N170
N180
N190
N200
G98
GO1
I+65
GO3
G98
L2 *
G41 X+90 Y+50 *
J+50 *
X+90 Y+50 *
LO *
i
Programming
Modes
I
Page
P 85
SL Cycles
Overlapping
Expanding
program
Oh7208
“Sum”
area
islands
N70 G37 PO1 1 PO2 2 PO3 5 *
An island always requrres an addrtronal
= pocket (here, G98 L5).
N210
N220
N230
N240
N250
N260
N270
A pocket can also reduce several island areas.
This pocket must begin inside the first island. The
starting points of the remaining Intersected Island
contours must be outside the pocket.
G98
GO1
X+95
Y+95
X+5
Y+5
G98
L5 *
G41 X+5
*
*
*
*
LO *
Y+5 *
outer limit
Both areas (element A and element B) along with
the common overlapping area are to remain
unmachined.
0 A and B must be islands.
l The first island must begin outsrde the second.
NllO
N120
N130
N140
N150
G98
G42
I+35
GO3
G98
Ll *
X+10 Y+50 *
J+50 *
X+10 Y+50 *
LO *
N160
N170
N180
N190
N200
G98
GO1
I+65
GO3
G98
L2 *
G42 X+90 Y+50 *
J+50 *
X+90 Y+50 *
LO *
0 A, 0 B are the starting points of the subcontours.
“Difference”
area
Area
tion
l A
l A
“Intersecting”
area
Page
P86
A is to remain unmachined
except that poroverlapped by B.
must be an island and B a pocket.
must begin outside of B.
NllO
N120
N130
N140
N150
G98
G42
I+35
GO3
G98
Ll *
X+10 Y+50 *
J+50 *
X+10 Y+50 *
LO *
N160
N170
N180
N190
N200
G98
GO1
I+65
GO3
G98
L2 *
G41 X+40 Y+50 *
J+50 *
X+40 Y+50 *
LO *
Only the area covered commonly
remains unmachined.
0 A and B must be islands.
0 A must begin inside of B.
NllO
N120
N130
N140
N150
G98
G42
I+35
GO3
G98
Ll *
X+60 Y+50 *
J-t50 *
X+60 Y+50 *
LO *
N160
N170
N180
N190
N200
G98
GO1
I+65
GO3
G98
L2 *
G42 X+90 Y+50 *
J+50 *
X+90 Y+50 *
LO *
by A and B
Programming
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
-
SL Cycles
Overlapping
Task
pockets and islands
Overlapping
pockets with islands.
Island within a pocket.
Interior machining of overlapping
3 mm. Islands are located within
pockets and Islands with a center-cut
a pocket area.
end mill (IS0 1641). tool radius
35
Main program
%7209
O/o7209 G71 *
N10 G30 Cl7 X+0 Y+O Z-40 *
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+lOO Z+O *
N30 G99 T2 L-t0 R+2.5 *
N40 G37 PO1 1 PO2 2 PO3 3 PO4 4 *
N50 G98 LlO *
N60 TO G17 *
N70 GO0 G40 G90 Z+20 *
N80 x-20 Y-20 *
N90 G98 LO *
NlOO MO6 *
NllO T2 SlOO *
List of contour
m
X
65
elements
N120 G57 PO1 -2 PO2 -10 PO3 -5
PO4 500 PO5 +0 PO6 +0 PO7 500 *
N130
N140
N150
N160
Z+2 *
G79 MO3 *
LlO,O *
GO0 Z+20 MO2 *
Program
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
%7209
IS
an expansion
of program
Programming
%7208:
Modes
the interior islands are added
(subprograms
Page
P 87
3 and 4).
SL Cycles
Overlapping
pockets and islands
The entire contour is composed of the elements
A and B, i.e. two overlapping pockets and
C and D, I.e. two islands within these pockets
Contour
subprograms
for program
%7209
Execution
N170
N180
N190
N200
N210
G98
G41
I+35
GO3
G98
Ll *
’
X+35 Y+2.5 *
J+50 *
X+35 Y+25 *
LO *
Left pocket
N220
N230
N240
N250
N260
G98
GO1
I+65
GO3
G98
L2 *
G41 X+65 Y+25 *
J+50 *
X+65 Y+25 *
LO *
Right pocket
N270
N280
N290
N300
N310
N320
N330
N340
G98
GO1
X+43
Y+58
X+27
Y+42
X+35
G98
L3 *
G42 X+35
*
*
*
*
*
LO *
Square
N350
N360
N370
N380
N390
N400
N410
N9999
G98 L4 *
GO1 G42 X+65
X+73 *
X+65 Y+58 *
X+57 Y+42 *
X+65 *
G98 LO *
O/o7209 G71 *
Machining
Page
P 88
I
Y+42 *
island
Y+42 *
of the contour
Trrangular
edges
Programming
Area clearance
Modes
island
(unfjnlshed)
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
SL Cycles
Pilot drilling: G56
The cycle
Pilot drill the cutter infeed points at the starting
points of the subcontours,
compensated
by the
frnrshing allowance.
y,
For closed contour sequences resulttng from multiple superrmposed
pockets and islands, the
infeed point is the starting point of the first subcontour.
This cycle must be called!
-4
0 Cutter infeed point
Input
data
The input values are identical to pecking;
finishing
allowance
in addition.
enter a
Finishing
allowance:
allowance for drilling (POSI
tive value), effective in the working plane.
The sum of the tool radius and the finishing
allowance should be the same for pilot drilling
and roughing-out.
The tool must be at the setup clearance
calling the cycle!
before
D = Finishing allowance
R = Tool radius
Process
The tool IS automatically
positioned over the first
infeed point, offset by the allowance.
The tool may have to be pre-positioned
to prevent collision!
The drilling process is identical
“pecking” (cycle 1).
to the fixed cycle
Subsequently,
the tool is positioned over the
second rnfeed point at the programmed
setup
clearance, and the drilling procedure is repeated.
Example
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
N25 G56 PO1-2
PO2-20
PO3-10
PO4 40
PO5+1 *
Setup clearance
Dnlltng depth
Pecking depth
Feed rate for infeed
Finishing allowance
Programming
Modes
Page
P 89
SL Cycles
Contour milling
The cycle
(finishing):
Cycle G58/G59 “contour milling”
finishing the contour pocket.
G58/G59
is used for
The cycle can also be generally used to mill contours made up of subcontours.
Thrs offers the following benefits:
l contour
intersections are computed,
l collrsrons
are avoided.
Tool required
The cycle requires
a center cutting tool.
The cycle must be called!
The setup clearance A, milling depth B and
pecking depth C are identical to pecking.
The signs must be the same (normally negative).
Input
data
Feed rate for pecking:
tool traversing speed at
infeed (F,).
Rotating
direction
for contour
milling:
mulling
direction along the pocket contour (island contours: opposite milling direction).
For the following directions, M3 means
G58: down-cut milling for pocket and Island,
G59: up-cut milling for pocket and Island.
Feed rate Fs: tool traversing speed in the
machining plane.
The tool must be at the setup clearance
to the cvcle call.
The tool IS automatically
contour point.
Process
Beware
of collisions
positioned
with
clamping
(A) prior
over the first
devices!
The tool then penetrates the workpiece
at the
programmed
feed rate to the first pecking
depth.
After reaching the first pecking depth, the tool
mills the first contour at the programmed
feed
rate in the specified rotating
direction.
At the infeed point, the tool IS advanced to the
next pecking depth. The procedure is repeated
until the programmed
milling depth is attained.
The next subcontours
manner.
are milled in the same
P = Programmed
contour (pocket)
D = Finishing allowance from cycle G57 rough-out
N25 G58 PO1-2
PO2-20
PO3-10
PO4+40
PO560 *
Example
Page
P 90
I
Setup clearance
Milling depth
Pecking depth
Feed rate for rnfeed
Feed rate in the working
Programming
Modes
plane
/
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 306
c
SL Cycles
Machining with several tools
The followina scheme illustrates the aoulication
of
the SL cycles pilot drilling, rough-out, and contour
milling in one program:
List of
contour
subprograms
Drilling
r
Cycle definition:
with G37
No call!
Define and call the drill
Cycle defrnrtron:
with G56
Pre-positioning,
Cycle call!
Rough-out
Define and call the roughing
Cycle definition:
cutter
with G57
Pre-posrtionrng.
Cycle call!
Finishing
Define and call the frnrshrng cutter
Cycle definition.
with G58 or G59
Pilot positioning,
Cycle call!
Contour
subprograms
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Subprograms
I
for the subcontours
Programming
Modes
I
Page
P 91
SL Cycles
Machining with several tools
Task
Overlapping
pockets with Islands.
Intenor machining
Main program
0~7210
with pilot drllllng,
roughing,
finishing.
O/o7210 G71 *
NlO G30 G17 X+0 Y+O Z-40 *
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+lOO Z-t0 *
N30 G99 Tl L+O R+2.2 *
N40 G99 T2 L+O R+3 *
N50 G99 T3 L-t0 R+2.5 *
N60 G37 PO1 1 PO2 2 PO3 3 PO4 4 *
N70 G98 LlO *
N80 TO G17 *
N90 GO0 G90 Z+20 *
NlOO G40 X-20 Y-20 *
NllO G98 LO *
Drill
Roughing cutter
Finishing cutter
Tool change
N120 MO6 *
N130 Tl G17 SlOO *
N140 G56 PO1 -2 PO2 -20
PO3 -5 PO4 500 PO5 +2 *
N150 Z+2 *
N160 G79 MO3 *
N170 LlO,O *
Pilot drilling
N180 MO6 *
N190 T2 G17 SlOO *
N200 G57 PO1 -2 PO2 -20 PO3 -5
PO4 500 PO5 +2 PO6 +0
PO7 500 *
N210 Z+2 *
N220 G79 MO3 *
N230 LlO,O *
Roughing-out
N240 MO6 *
N250 T3 G17 S500 *
N260 G59 PO1 -2 PO2 -20 PO3 -5
PO4 100 PO5 500 *
N270 Z+2 *
N280 c;79 MO3 *
N290 LlO,O *
N300 GO0 G40 Z-t20 MO2 *
Subprogram
N305
N310
N320
N340
N350
N360
N370
N380
N390
N400
G98
G41
I+35
GO3
G98
G98
GO1
I+65
GO3
G98
Ll *
X+35
J+50
X+35
LO *
L2 *
G41
J+50
X+65
LO *
N410
N420
N430
N440
N450
N460
N470
N480
G98
GO1
X+43
Y+58
X+27
Y+42
X+35
G98
L3 *
G42 X+35
*
*
*
*
*
LO *
N490
N500
N510
N520
N530
N540
N550
N9999
G98 L4 *
GO1 G42 X+65
X+73 *
X+65 Y+58 *
X+57 Y+42 *
X+65 *
G98 LO *
O/o7210 G71 *
The contour
Page
P 92
Finishing
Retract and return Jump to beginning
of program.
Left pocket
Y+25 *
*
Y+25 *
Right pocket
X+65 Y+25 *
*
Y+25 *
Square
island
Y+42 *
Triangular
island
Y+42 *
subprograms
1 to 4 are identical
Programming
to those in program
Modes
%7209
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Coordinate
Overview
The following
mations:
G54
G28
G73
G72
Original
Transformations
cycles serve for coordinate
transfor-
Datum shift
Mirror image
Rotation
Scaling
With the help of coordinate transformatrons,
a
program sectton can be executed as a variant of
the “original”.
Datum shift
Mirror
Rotation
Scaling
image
In the following descriptions,
subprogram
1 is
always the “orrgrnal” subprogram
(Identified by
the gray background).
I
Immediate
activation
Duration
activation
Every transformatron
of
End of
activation
Error
message
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
is immediately
active - without
being called
A coordinate transformation
remains active until it IS changed or cancelled
Its effect IS not Impaired by interrupting
and aborting program run. This is also true when the same program is restarted from another location with “GOT0 0”.
You can cancel coordinate
transformations
l
Cycle defrnrtion
l
Selecting another
“single block”.
for orrgrnal condition
l
Programming
of miscellaneous
machine parameters);
program
in the following
ways:
(e.g.: scaling factor 1.0);
with “PGM
functions
NR” rn the operating
mode
program
MO2 or M30. or block N9999%
run “full sequence”
(depending
or
on the
CYCL INCOMPLETE
This error message is displayed if a fixed cycle is called after defining a transformation
but no fixed
cycle was defined. Otherwise the control executes the fixed cycle which was last defined.
Programming
Modes
Page
P 93
Coordinate Transformations
Datum shift: G54
The cycle
You can program a datum shift (also known as
zero offset) to any point within a program. The
manually set absolute workprece datum remains
unchanged.
Thus, identical machining steps (e.g. subprograms) can be executed at different positions on
the workpiece
without having to reenter the program section each time.
Combining
with
other coordinate
transformations
If a datum shift is to be combined with other
transformations,
the shift usually has to be made
before the other transformations.
In this way you can execute a program section at
several locations and in modified form, such as
rotated, reduced or mirrored.
Effect
For a datum shift defrnitron, only the coordinates
of the new datum are to be entered.
An active datum shift is displayed in the status
field. All coordinate inputs then refer to the new
datum.
Incremental/
absolute
In the cycle definition the coordinates can be
entered as absolute or incremental
dimensions:
l
Absolute:
The coordinates of the new datum
refer to the manually set workpiece
datum.
Refer to the center figure.
l
Incremental:
The coordinates of the new
datum refer to the last valid datum, which can
itself be shifted. Refer to the lower figure.
i90 Y
‘ii
Cancelling
the shift
A datum shift is cancelled by entering the datum
shift XO/YO/ZO
Only the “shifted” axes have to be entered.
G54 X+0 Y+O Z+O *
Absolute
datum shift
Y
-77
G91Y
Incremental
Page
P 94
Programming
Modes
datum
shift
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
_
Coordinate Transformations
Datum shift: G54
Selecting
the cycle
Input
Eln
IN
El
Select the axis and coordinate of the
new datum.
The datum shift IS possible In all four
axes.
Conclude
Example
A machining
task is to be carried
out as a subprogram
a) referenced
to the set datum X+O/Y+O
b) additionally
referenced
shift 0
Y+60 *
N70 L1,O *
N80 G54 X+0
and
to the shifted datum X+4O/Y+60
O/o54 G71 *
NlO G30 G17 X+0 Y+O Z-40 *
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+lOO Z+O *
N30 G99 Tl L+O R+5 *
N40 Tl G17 S200 *
N50 Ll,O *
Without datum
N60 G54 X+40
block
With datum
Y+O *
shift 0
Datum shaft reset
N90 GO0 Z+50 MO2 *
Subprogram
NIOO
NllO
N120
N130
N140
N150
N160
N170
N180
N190
N200
N210
N220
G98
COO
Z+2
GO1
G41
Y+20
X+25
X+30
Y+O
X+0
G40
GO0
G98
Ll *
G40 X-10 Y-10 MO3 *
*
Z-5 FlOO *
X+0 Y+O F500 *
*
*
Y+15 *
*
*
X-10 Y-10 *
Z+2 *
LO *
N9999 O/o54 G71 *
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Programming
Modes
Page
P 95
Coordinate Transformations
Mirror image: G28
The cycle
The direction of an axis is reversed when it is
mirrored. The sign is reversed for all coordinates
of this axis. The result IS a mirror image of a progammed contour or of a hole pattern.
Mirroring IS only possible in the working plane.
You can mirror in one axes or both axes simulta
neously.
Activation
The mirror image is rmmedrately active upon defrnitron. The mirrored axes can be recognized by
the highlighted
axis designations
In the status display for the datum shift.
Mrrrorrng is performed at the current datum.
The datum must therefore be shifted to the
required position before a “mirror image” cycle
definition.
Mirrored
axes
Enter the axes or axes to be mirrored
axis cannot be mirrored.
The tool
Climb and
conventional
milling
Mirroring one axis: The rotating direction is
changed with the coordinate signs, so climb milling becomes conventional and vice versa. The
milling directron remains unchanged
for fixed
cycles.
\
\
/
\
Mirroring two axes: The contour which was mirrored in one axis is mirrored a second time - in
the other axes. The direction of rotation and milling (climb or conventional)
remains the same.
/
/
‘\---
/-----
/
-----I
R\
n
c)
-------
n
u
‘\
\
(
/
‘\
wt--
(GIL?
0
\
i
0 --l’
Y
X, Y = Axes to be mirrored
Datum
position
The position of the datum is very important
obtaining the desired change.
1. If the datum IS on the part contour,
“flips” over its own axis.
fat
the part
2. If the datum IS outside the contour, the part
“flips and jumps” to another position!
Cancelling
the mirror
image
The mirror image cycle is cancelled by entering
the mirror image cycle and responding to the dialog query with “END 0”:
G28 *
Page
P 96
Programming
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25006
Coordinate Transformations
Mirror image: G28
Selecting
the cycle
lnrtrate the dialog
MIRROR
IMAGE
AXIS
?
0
X
Enter the axis to be mirrored,
e.g. X.
Enter the second axis to be mrrrored
applicable, e.g. Y.
Conclude
Example
if
block.
A program section (subprogram
1) is to be executed - as originally programmed
- at posrtion
X+O/Y+O. It IS then mirrored in X and executed at
the position X+7O/Y+60.
%34 G71 *
NlO G30 G17 X+0 Y+O Z-40 *
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+lOO Z-t0 *
N30 G99 Tl L+O R+5 *
N40 Tl G17 S200 *
N50 Ll,O *
Not mirrored
N60 G54 X+70
Y+60 *
Datum shift 0
N65 G28 X *
Mirror image 0
N70 Ll,O *
Subprogram
N80 G54 X+0
N85 G28 *
Y+O *
N90 GO0 G40 Z+.50 MO2 *
Subprogram:
0
NlOO
NllO
N120
N130
N140
N150
N160
N170
N180
N190
N200
N210
N220
G98
GO0
Z-t2
GO1
G41
Y+20
X+25
X+30
Y+O
X+0
G40
GO0
G98
call
Cancel datum shift
Reset mrrror image
Retract, return jump
Ll *
G40 X-10 Y-10 MO3 *
*
Z-5 FlOO *
X+0 Y+O F500 *
*
*
Y+15 *
*
*
X-10 Y-10 *
Z+2 *
LO *
N9999 %34 G71 *
Note
For corre.ct machining according to the drawing,
shown in the above execution be retained!
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Programming
it is absolutely
Modes
necessary
that the sequence
I
of cycles
Page
P 97
Coordinate
Coordinate
Transformations
system rotation : G73
The cycle
The coordinate system can be rotated in the
machrnrng plane around the current datum in a
program.
Activation
Rotation is effective without being called and IS
also active rn the operating mode “Positioning
with MDI”.
Rotation
To rotate the coordinate system, you only have to
enter the rotation angle H.
Planes
XY plane:
YZ plane:
ZX plane:
G17
G18
G19
+X axis = O” (standard)
+Y axis = O”
+Z axis = O”
All coordinate inputs following the rotation are
then referenced to the rotated coordinate system
The rotation angle is entered
Input range: -360” to +360°
mental).
Activating
the rotation
G73 H+35 *
The active rotation
the status display.
Cancelling
the rotation
in degrees (“)
(absolute or rncre-
A rotation
angle O”.
IS
angle
cancelled
IS
indicated
by entering
by “ROT” in
the rotation
G73 H+O *
Page
P 98
I
Programming
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
_
Coordinate
Coordinate
Selecting
the cycle
Transformations
system rotation : G73
Initiate the dialog
Absolute
dimensions
or
Incremental.
1 ROTATION
ANGLE
?
Enter rotation
Conclude
Example
angle.
block.
A program section (subprogram
1) IS to be executed - as orrgrnally programmed
- at position
X+O/Y+O. It IS then rotated in X and executed at
the position X+7O/Y+60.
O/o35 G71 *
NlO G30 G17 X+0 Y+O Z-40 *
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+lOO Z+O *
N30 G99 Tl L+O R+5 *
N40 Tl G17 S200 *
N50 Ll,O *
Non-rotated
N60 G54 X+70 Y+60 *
N65 G73 H+35 *
Rotated execution.
1. Datum shift 0
2. Rotation 0
N70 L1,O *
3. Subprogram
call
w
N80 G54 X+0 Y+O *
N90 G73 H-t0 *
Cancel datum
Reset rotation
shift
w
NlOO GO0 G40 Z+50 MO2 *
Return jump to first block of the main program
w
Subprogram
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
The associated
subprogram
(see “Datum
Programming
shift”) IS programmed
Modes
execution
0
Sequence:
after MO2
Page
P 99
Coordinate Transformations
Scaling : G72
The cycle
Contours can be enlarged or reduced with this
cycle. This permits generation
of contours geemetrically srmrlar to an ongrnal without reprogrammtng, and also use of shrinkage and growth
allowances.
Scaling is effective machine parameters
plane or in the three
“General Information,
parameters”).
depending
on the specified
- either in the machining
main axes (see Index A,
MOD Functions, User
Activation
Scaling is effective immediately, without being
called. Scaling factors greater than 1 result In
enlargement,
factors between 0 and 1 result in
reduction.
F factor
The scaling factor F (factor) is entered
or reduce a contour.
to enlarge
The control applies thus factor to all coordrnates
and radii either in the machrning plane or
(depending
on MP 7410; see index A “General
Information, MOD Functions, User parameters”)
in
all three axes X. Y and Z. The factor also affects
dimensions
in cycles.
Input range: 0.000001
Datum
position
4
1
to 99.999999.
It is helpful to locate the datum on an edge of the
subcontour. This way, the datum of the coordinate
system is retained during a reduction or magnifrcation as long as It IS not subsequently
moved or
If the move is programmed
before the scaling
factor.
Activating
scaling
G72 F0.8 *
Cancelling
scaling
The scaling cycle
IS
cancelled
by entering
the factor 1 in the scaltng cycle:
G72 Fl *
Page
P 100
I
Programming
Modes
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
-
Coordinate Transformations
Scaling : G72
Selecting
the cycle
Initiate the dialog
FACTOR
?
n
Enter the scaling factor.
Conclude
Example
block.
A program section (subprogram
1) is to be executed - as origtnally programmed
- referenced to
the manually set datum X+O/Y+O. It is then
scaled with 0.8 and executed at the datum
X+6O/Y+70.
O/o36G71 *
NlO G30 G17 X+0 Y+O Z-40 *
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y+lOO Z+O *
N30 G99 Tl L+O R+5 *
N40 Tl G17 S200 *
NSO Ll,O *
Execution
N60 G54 X+70 Y+60
N70 G72 F0.8 *
in original
size 0
Execution ‘with scaling factor. Sequence:
1. Shift datum 0
2. Define scaling factor 0
*
N80 Ll,O *
3. Call subprogram
(scaling factor effective)
Cancel transformations
N90 G.54 X+0 Y+O *
NlOO G72 Fl *
NllO
Subprogram
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
GO0 G40 Z-t50 MO2 *
The corresponding
subprogram
Retract, return jump
(see cycle 7, Datum shift) is programmed
Programming
Modes
after M02.
Page
P 101
Other Cycles
Dwell time: GO4
The cycle
In a program whtch is being run, the next block
will be executed only after the end of the programmed dwell time. Modal conditrons, such as
spindle rotation, are not affected.
Activation
The dwell cycle is active immediately
tion. without being called.
Possible
applications
For example, chip breaking can easily be programmed with a dwell cycle after every drilling
step.
Input
The dwell time IS specified in seconds.
Input range: 0 to 30000 s (A 8.3 hours)
range
Cycle
definition
upon defrnr
Initiate the dialog
Enter desired
DWELL TIME IN SECS. ?
Conclude
dwell time, in seconds.
block.
I
GO4 F0.5 *
Example
Page
P 102
I
Programming
Modes
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
Other Cycles
Program call: G39
The cycles
Machining
procedures that you have programmed
- such as special drilling cycles, curve milling, or
geometry modules - can be created as callable main programs and be used like fixed cycles. They can
be called from any program with a cycle call. They can thus help speed up programming
and Improve
safety, since you are using proven modules.
G39
A callable
program
defined
as a cycle more or less becomes
a fixed cycle
It can be called with
G79
(separate
block) or
M99
(blockwise)
M89
(modally)
or
Initiate the dialog
Entering
the cycle
selection
PROGRAM
NUMBER
?
Enter program
Conclude
Example
The callable
program
50 IS to be called from program
number.
block.
5
Program.
O/o5G71 *
G39 PO1 50 *
Defrnrtion:
“Program 50 is a cycle”
GiIl X+20
Call program
Y+50 F250 M99 *
50 with M99
N9999 O/o5G71 *
Cross-reference
Drilling with
chip breaking
A realistic example of a program
gramming O/67445):
1. Subprogram
1 is written
call with G39 can be taken from the drrllrng example
separately
as %7444
(without
G98 Ll or G98 LO).
2. %7444 now exists as a callable, additional drilling procedure.
This program can remain stored in the control and be called by any other program,
3. Subprogram
1 IS deleted
in the main program
4. Instead of L 1.0, write in %7445:
G39 PO1 7444, and M99 in a subsequent
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Programming
(Parameter
e.g. 7445
7445
positioning
Modes
block
Page
P 103
pro-
Other Cycles
Oriented spindle stop: G36
The cycle
The control can address the machine tool spindle
as a 6’h axis and turn it to a certain angular POW
tron.
Applicatron:
l
l
Activation
Ml9
for tool changing systems with defined change
positron for tool.
Orientation of the transmitter/receiver
window
of the TS 511 3D touch probe system from
HEIDENHAIN.
The cycle - if provrded on the machine - IS executed through M19. The spindle orientation IS
activated either through
l
l
machine parameter
spindle orientation:
or
G36
If the cycle is called without prior definition, the
spindle will be oriented to the angle set in the
machine parameters. Further information is available from the machine tool builder.
Input
range
Cycle
definition
The angle of orientation
Input range: 0 to 360°.
Inout resolution: O.l?
is entered
according
to the reference
axis of the working
plane.
Initiate dialog
Confirm
ORIENTATION
ANGLE
?
selection
of cycle
Enter new angle for spindle.
Transfer block to memory
Example
G36 S45 *
Page
P 104
Programming
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
-
Parametric
Overview
Parametric
programming
Programmina
Many problems which would otherwise be
impossrble or very difficult can be easily solved
with parametric programming.
Parametric programming expands the capabilities of the control
enormously and offers features such as:
l
l
l
l
Variable drilling programs
Processrng of mathematical
curves
(e.g.: sine wave, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola)
Programs for machining families of parts
3D programming
for mold making
Basic
functions
The mathematical
and logical functions
the right are available for programming.
listed at
Computation
time
The time required for one computing step depending
on the workload on the processor
can reach the millisecond range.
-
For this reason, very many computations
and very
small displacements
may cause the machine
axes to be halted. In this case you have to make
a compromise
between high surface definition
(many computations,
small displacements)
and
efficient machining.
DOO:
DO1:
D02:
D03:
D04:
ASSIGN
ADDITION
SUBTRACTION
MULTIPLICATION
DIVISION
D05:
D06:
D07:
D08:
SQUARE ROOT
SINE
COSINE
ROOT-SUM OF SQUARES
D09:
DlO:
Dll:
D12:
IF
IF
IF
IF
EQUAL, JUMP
UNEQUAL, JUMP
GREATER, JUMP
LESS, JUMP
D13: ANGLE
D14: ERROR CODE
Variable
addresses
with parameters
The program data shown at the right can be kept
variable by using the Q parameters:
Enter a Q parameter instead of a specific number.
Nominal
positions
value for 021 must be computed
or be defined before it is called.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Programs using parameters as jump address are
not to be switched from mm to inches or vice
versa, because the contents of the 0 parameters
are also converted during switchover, which
would result in false jump addresses.
Programming
Modes
*
I+Ql J+Q2 *
GO2X+QlO Y+Q20 *
GO6X+Qll Y+Q21 *
G25 Ql *
GO5X+Q21 Y+Q22 R Q62 *
Feed rate
F QlO *
G99 Tl L+Ql R Q2 *
TQ5 G17 SQ6 *
Dll POl+QlO
PO2+0PO3Q30 *
Tool data
Inch dimensions
Y+Q22
Circle data
Example for variable positioning:
instead of X+20.25 you write X+Q21
The parameter
In the program
GO1 X+Q21
Conditional
Cycle data
jump
G83 POl-Ql
P02-Q2 P03-Q3
PO4Q4 PO5Q5 *
Page
P 105
Parametric
Selection
Programming
d
Selecting
basic functions
Basic parameter
functions
are selected
Defining
parameters
A parameter is destgnated by the letter Q and any number
to parameters 0100 to Q113.
the “D” key and entering
the corresponding
number.
i
Specific numerical values (contents)
cal and logical functions. Parameter
programmed.
Starting
values
by pressing
between
0 and 113. The TNC assigns values
can be allocated to the parameter either directly or with mathematicontents can also have a negative sign. Positive signs need not be
Parameters must be defined before they can be used. When program run is started, all parameters are
automatically assigned the value 0 if machine parameter MP 7300 = 0. If the Q parameters are to be
assigned values before program start, set MP 7300 = 1. The Q parameter values are then not deleted at
program start.
Examples
of defined
parameters:
Ql = +1.5
QS = +Ql
Q9 = +Ql * +QS
Notation
The notation corresponds
to the standard computer format:
The operands and the operator are on the right, the desired
a mathematical
operation and not as an equation!
Here also use the “ENT” key to continue
the dialog within
result on the left. Consider
one program
line.
e.g. multiplication
Initiate the dialog
PARAMETER NUMBER FOR RESULT?
Parameter
First value or parameter?
IS’ operand
Secondvalue or parameter?
cl
for result.
(parameter)
2”d operand.
Conclude
Example
the entire line as
block.
DO3 QlO POl+Q5 PO2+3.142*
The result is assigned
Page
P 106
/
to QIO; the content
Programming
of 05 is retained!
Modes
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
4
Parametric Programming
Algebraic functions
DOO:
Assignment
This function assigns to a parameter either a
numerical value or another parameter.
The assignment
DOI:
Addition
D03:
Multiplication
D04:
Division
Sign for
operands
DO1 417 PO1+5 PO2+7 *
DO1 Q17 PO1+5 PO2-Q12 *
DO1 Q17 PO1-Q4 PO2+QS *
DO1 Q17 PO1+Q17 PO2+Q17 *
DO2 Qll PO1+5 PO2+34 *
This function defines a specific parameter to be
the product of two parameters, two numbers or
one parameter and one number.
DO3 Q21 PO1+Ql PO2+60 *
This function defines a specific parameter to be
the quotient of two parameters, two numbers or
one parameter and one number.
DO4 Q17 PO1+Q2 PO2+62 *
DO2 Qll
DO2 Qll
DO2 Qll
DO2 Qll
DO4 Q17 PO1+5 PO2+7 *
DO4 Q17 PO1+5 PO2-Q12 *
DO4 417 PO1+Q4 PO2+QS *
DO5 Q98 PO1+2 *
This function defines a specific parameter to be
the square root of one parameter or one number.
The operand must be posltlve.
Parameters
PO1+5 PO2+7 *
PO1+5 PO2-412 *
PO1+Q4 PO2+QS *
PO1+Qll PO2-Qll *
DO3 421 PO1+5 PO2+7 *
DO3 421 PO1+5 PO2-Q12 *
DO3 Q21 PO1+Q4 PO2-QS *
DO3 Q21 PO1+Q21 PO2+Q21 *
by 0 is not permitted!
DO5 Q98 PO1+Q12 *
DO5 498 PO1-470 *
with negative signs can also be used.
Qll = +5 - -Q34
A subtraction
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
DO1 Q17 PO1+Q2 PO2+5 *
to be
or one
This function defines a specific parameter to be
the difference between two parameters, two
numbers or one parameter and one number.
Division
root
DO0 QOSPO1+Q12 *
DO0 QOSPO1-Q13 *
to an equal sign.
This function defines a specific parameter
the sum of two parameters, two numbers
parameter and one number.
D02:
Subtraction
D05:
Square
corresponds
Example:
DO0 QOSPO1+65.432 *
can be obtained
from an addition
Programming
and vice versa. This also applies
Modes
for other operations
I
Page
P 107
Parametric Programming
Trigonometric functions
Basics of
trigonometry
A circle with radius c is divided symmetrrcally
into
four quadrants 0 to 8 by the two axes X and Y.
If the radius c forms the angle a with the X-axis,
the two components
a and b of the right-angled
triangle depend upon angle a.
Defining the
trigonometric
functions
sin a =
opposite side
a
hypotenuse
~ c
or a = c
sin a
cos a = adjacent side
b
hypotenuse
~ c
or b = c
cos a
tan a =-=-sin a
cos a
Length of
one side
According
a
b
to the Pythagorean
theorem:
c2 = a2 + b2 or c = m
Table for preceding
Function
Angle
D06:
Sine
0
sign and angle range
1
0“
90’
I
I
Ouadrant
0
/ 0
180’
I
1
360°
I
I
DO6 444 PO1+Qll *
A parameter is defined as the cosine of an angle,
whereby the angle can be a number or a parameter (unit of measurement
of the angle:
degrees).
081 = cos 011
DO7 QSl PO1+Qll *
D08:
Root sum
of squares
A parameter is computed as the square root of
the sum of squares of two numbers or parameters (LEN = length).
03 = JQ452 + 302
DOSQ3 PO1+Q45 PO2+30 *
Page
P 108
Programming
Modes
I
1
270’
A parameter is defined as the sine of an angle,
whereby the angle can be a number or a parameter (unit of measurement
of the angle:
degrees).
044 = sin Qll
D07:
Cosine
@
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Parametric Programming
Trigonometric functions
Angles from
line segments
or trigonometric
functions
According to the definitions of the angular functions, either the angular functions stn a and cos
a, or the lengths of sides a and b can be used to
determine tan a:
tan a=---==sin a
cos a
a
b
The angle a is therefore
sin a
a = arc tan ~
= arc tan a
cos a
b
Unambiguous
angle
If the value of sin a or the side a is known,
possible angles always result:
Example:
two
Y
sin a = 0.5
a, = +30° and a2 = +150°
To determrne angle a unambiguously,
the value
for cos a or side b is required. If this value is
known, an unambiguous
angle a is the result:
Example:
C
sin a = 0.5 and cos a = 0.866
a = +30° ,
a=
csrna
sin a = 0.5 and cos a = -0.866
a = +150°
D13:
Angle
-;
a
b
X
b=c.(-cosa)
This function assigns to a parameter the angle
from a sine and cosine function, or from the two
legs of the right-angled
triangle.
tana=-=-=p srn a
cos a
a = arc tan
D13 Qll
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25006
I
a
b
-5
8.66
-5
8.66
L-1
PO1 -5 PO2 +8.66 *
Programming
Modes
I
Page
P 109
Parametric Programming
Conditional/unconditional
If-then
jump
With the parameter functions DO9 to D12, you
can compare one parameter wrth another parameter or with a given number (e.g. a maximum
value).
jumps
N23 DO0 Q2 PO1+50 *
$
I
N24 G98 L30 *
N25 DO1 Ql POl+Ql PO2+1 *
Depending on the result of this comparison, a
jump to a certain label in the program can be
programmed
(conditional jump):
01-C 02
If the programmed
IF condition is fulfilled, a jump
is performed; if the condition is not fulfilled, the
next block (following IF .) will be executed.
Program
call
If you write a program call behind the called
program label, a jump can be made to another
program.
(Program calls are for example PGM CALL or
cycle G39).
N26 D12 POl+Ql
P02+Q2
PO330 *
N27 GO0 2200 MO5 *
N28 X-20 Y-20 MO2 *
Examples:
Decision
’
criteria :
Equation
D09:
=
DO9 POl+Ql
PO2+360 PO3 30 *
A parameter is equal to a value or a second
meter, e.g. Ql = 42 or in the example:
01 has the value 360.000.
Inequalities
DIO:
c
DlO POl+Ql
P02+Q2
A parameter IS not equal to a value or a second
parameter, e.g. Ql + Q2
Dll:
>
Dll
PO2+360 PO3 17 *
A parameter is greater than a value or a second
parameter, e.g. Ql > Q2.
Also possible: greater than zero, i.e. positive.
D12:
<
D12 POl+Ql
PO2+Q2 PO3 3 *
A parameter is less than a value or a second
parameter, e.g. Ql < 42.
Also possible: less than zero, i.e. negative.
Unconditional
jumps
Page
P 110
POl+Ql
You can also program
PO3 2 *
unconditional
jumps
to a label with the parameter
Example:
Decision
DO9 POl+O PO2+0 PO3 30 *
The condition
unconditional
Programming
Modes
functions
DO9 to D12
criterion:
is always fulfilled, i.e. an
jump is performed.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
para-
Parametric Programming
Special functions
D14:
Error code
You can call error messages and dialog texts of the machine
To call, enter the error code number between 0 and 499.
tool builder
from the PLC EPROM with D14.
The error message terminates program run.
The program must be restarted after the error has been corrected.
The messages
are allocated
Screen
Error number
0
299
300
400
484
ERROR
399
483
499
Example:
D14: ERROR
as follows:
display
0 . . . ERROR
299
PLC ERROR 01. . . PLC ERROR 99
(or dialog determined
by the machine
tool builder).
DIALOG
1 . . . 83
(or dialoq determined
bv the machine
tool builder).
USER PARAMETER
(or dialog determined
15 . . . 0
by the machine
tool builder).
= 100
This function outputs current Q-parameter
values through the RS-232-C serial interface. You can also
enter numerical values between 0 and 499 Instead of Q-parameters.
These values call error messages
and dialog texts which are stored in the PLC EPROM and are allocated as with D14. You can enter combinations of up to six 0 parameters and numerical values.
D15:
Print
Example:
D15: PRINT
0100
- 0107
0108
Tool radius
Q1/20/Q9/O/Q17/Q33
The control can transfer Q parameter
0100 to 0107 are used for this.
values from the integrated
PLC to a NC program.
The parameters
The control always stores the tool radius of the
last called tool In parameter 0108.
The active tool radius can then be used for the
radius compensation
in parameter computations
and comparisons.
0109
Tool axis
The control stores the current
Drfferent machines alternately
when the current tool axis can
this makes program branching
Current tool axis
Parameter
no tool axis called
I 0109 = -1
X axis is called
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
tool axis in ‘parameter 0109:
use the X.Y or Z axis as the tool axis. On these machines
be requested in the machining program;
in user cycles possible.
0109 =
0
Y axis is called
0109 =
1
Z axis is called
0109 =
2
Programming
it is helpful
Modes
Page
P 111
Parametric programming
Special functions
The value in parameter
0110
Spindle
on/off
0110 speciftes
the last M function
M function
on clockwise
a10
=
0
a10
=
1
M05,
if MO3 was previously
issued
0110 =
2
M05,
if MO4 was previously
issued
QIIO =
3
0111 indicates
whether
the coolant was switched
MO8 coolant
switched
on
0111 =
1
MO9 coolant
switched
off
0111 =
0
Parameter
Functions,
0112 contains the overlap factor for pocket milling
User parameters, MP 7430”).
The overlap factor for pocket milling
0113
mm/inch
dimensions
can be useful in milling
Parameter 0113 specifies whether the NC program
with PGM CALL) contains mm or inch dimensions.
The mainprogram
Page
P 112
on or off.
Parameter
Meaning:
0112
Overlap
factor
rotation:
QIIO = -1
function
MO4
sprndle on counterclockwise
Parameter
0111
Coolant
on/off
of spindle
Parameter
no M spindle
MO3
spindle
issued for the direction
(see index A “General
Information,
MOD
programs.
at the highest
program
level (for subprogramming
Parameter
contains:
mm dimensions
0113 =
0
inch dimensions
0113 =
1
Programming
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Parametric Programming
Example: Bolt hole circle
Task
A bolt-hole circle is to be drilled
ing cycle in the XY plane.
Example:
Radius R of the bolt-hole
using the peck
circle:
43 = 35 mm.
Number
n of bore holes:
44 = 12.
X coordinate
of the bolt ctrcle center:
Ql = 50 mm.
Y coordinate
of the bolt circle center:
Q2 = 50 mm.
O/o37 G71 *
NlO G30 G17 X+0 Y-t0 Z-40 *
N20 G31 G90 X+100 Y-t100 Z-t0 *
Assigning
values
Computation
Blank form defrnrtion
N30 G99 Tl L+O R+5 *
N40 Tl G17 S200 *
Define and call tool
N50
N60
N70
N80
Center in X
Center in Y
Bolt circle radius
Number of bore holes
DO0
DO0
DO0
DO0
QOl
402
Q03
Q04
PO1
PO1
PO1
PO1
+50
+50
+35
+12
*
*
*
*
N90 G83 PO1 -2 PO2 -20 *
PO3 -5 PO4 0 PO5 100 *
Select and load drilling
NlOO DO0 QlO PO1 +0 *
Set starting
NllO DO4 Q14 PO1 +360 PO2 +Q4 *
N120 GO0 G90 Z+2 MO3 *
Compute
cycle
angle
angle Increment
Approach setup clearance
and switch on spindle
Execution
N130 I+Ql J+Q2 *
N140 GlO R+Q3 H+QlO
N150
N160
N170
N180
G98
DO1
DO9
GlO
M99 *
1”’ bore
Ll *
QlO PO1 +QlO PO2 +Q14 *
PO1 +QlO PO2 +360 PO3 2 *
H+QlO M99 *
N190 D12 PO1 +QlO
Start of loop
Angle increment
Further bores
PO2 +360 PO3 1 *
If not all holes are drilled, jump to the start of the
loop.
N200 G98 L2 *
N210 GO0 G40 Z-t50 MO2 *
N9999 O/o37 G71 *
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
/
Programming
Modes
I
Page
P 113
Parametric Programming
Example: Drilling with chip breaking
Example
Interruptable drilling procedure with automatic
approach to the setup clearance and raising of
the tool to break the chrp for longer tool life.
Main
O/o7445
G71 *
G30 G17 X+0 Y+O Z-40 *
G31 G90 X+100 Y+lOO Z+O *
program
DO0 QOl PO1-1 *
DO0 402 PO1-40 *
DO0 Q03 PO1-5 *
DO0 Q04 PO1+0,5 *
DO0 QO5 PO1+200 *
DO0 Q06 PO1+0 *
G99 Tl L+O R+2,5 *
Tl G17 S200*
Setup clearance
(incremental)
Depth (incremental)
lnfeed (incremental)
Dwell time
Drilling feed rate
Work surface
(absolute)
Define tool
Call tool,
spindle speed
GO0 G90 X+20 Y+50 MO3 *
Ll,O *
GO0Z+300 MO2 *
Subprogram
Drilling
procedure
1:
Approach drilling position
Drilling
End of main program
G98 Ll *
DO1 Q21 PO1+Q6 PO2-Ql *
DO0 Q23 PO1+Q6 *
DO1 Q24 PO1+Q6 PO2+Q2 *
GO0Z+Q21 *
G98 LlO *
DO1 423 PO1+Q23 PO2+Q3 *
DO1 Q22 PO1+Q23 PO2-Ql *
D12 PO1+Q23 PO2+Q24 PO399 *
Compute (new) drilling depth
Compute (new) chip breaking height
Drilling depth would not be attained
GO1Z+Q23 FQ5 *
Z+Q22 *
Dll PO1+Q23 PO2+Q24 PO310 *
Drilling
Chip breaking
Another drilling
G98 L99 *
GO1Z+Q24 FQ5 *
GO4 FQ4 *
GO0 Z+Q21 *
G98 LO *
Setup clearance (absolute)
Current work surface (absolute)
Final drilling depth (absolute)
Approach setup clearance in rapid traverse
step required?
Drill directly to final depth
Clear base of bore
Return to setup clearance
a1
O/o7445
G71 *
F
FMAX
6
Page
P 114
I
I
Programming
Modes
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Parametric Programming
Example: Ellipse as an SL cycle
Programming
of a mathematical
illustrated with an ellipse.
Geometry
curve will be
An ellrpse is defined according to the followrng
formula (parameter form of the ellipse):
X = a cos a
Y = b sin a
a and b are referred to as the semiaxes of the
ellipse. Starting at 0’ (02 = starting angle a,) and
increasrng a In small increments (Ql = incremental angles Au) to 360” (03 = end angle a,), a
multitude of points on an ellipse results. If these
points are connected by short straight lines (see
part program below, block N320). a closed contour is produced.
Note
The sine and cosine functions are described in
detail under “Parametric Programming,
Trrgonometric functions”.
Process
The machining direction of the ellipse (counterclockwise) and the selected radtus compensatron
G41 produce an inside contour (pocket). The
contour IS contained In the subprogram
with program section repeat.
Roughing
out
Error message
With the SL cycle “contour geometry” (G37). you
can write a parameter program as an SL subprogram and execute this with the SL cycle “roughout” (G57) by selecting an appropriate
rncremental angle.
TOO MANY
SUBCONTOURS
If the incremental
angle (Au = QO) selected for
roughing out is too small, the control calculates
too many short straight lines, which are interpreted as excessive subcontours.
Remedy
A relatively large incremental angle (e.g. 00 =
IO”) suffices for roughing out.
Finishing
For subsequent
frntshing, the subprogram
IS executed in the conventional
manner with a finer
incremental
angle (e.g. 01 = 1”).
Note
This program works with only one tool. It can be
expanded to use a roughing cutter for “roughing
out” (G57) and a finishing cutter for “finishing”
(G58/G59).
Also, a center-cut end mill (IS0 1641) is required
or cycle G56 is to be applied for pilot drilling.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
I
Programming
Modes
b=Q5
Parametric Programming
Example: Ellipse as an SL cycle
%94152500
Parameterdefinition
Roughing
out
NlO DO0 QOO PO1 +lO *
N20 DO0 QOl PO1 +l *
N30 DO0 402 PO1 +0 *
N40 DO0 403 PO1 +370 *
N50 DO0 Q04 PO1 +45 *
N60 DO0 QO5 PO1 +25 *
N70 DO0 Q06 PO1 +50 *
N80 DO0 Q07 PO1 +50*
N90 DO0 QOS PO1 +2 *
NlOO DO0 QO9 PO1 -5 *
Incremental angle Aa for contour
Incremental angle Aa for contour
Starting angle a,
End angle ae*)
Semiaxis a
Semiaxis b
X coordinate for the datum shift
Y coordinate for the datum shift
Setup clearance Z
Pecking depth Z
NllO
N120
N130
N140
N150
N160
N170
N180
Blank form definitron
G30 G17 X+0 Y+O Z-10 *
G31 G90 X+100 Y+lOO Z-t0 *
G99 T25 L+O R+2.5 *
T25 G17 SlOOO *
GO0 G40 G90 Z+50 MO6 *
Z+QS MO3 *
DO0 Q14 PO1 +Q2 *
G54 X+Q6 Y+Q7 *
N190 G37 PO1
N200 G57 PO1
PO4
PO7
N210 G79 *
N220
N230
N240
N250
Finishing
G71 *
DO0
DO0
GO1
L2,O
-
Copy starting
Datum shift
2 *
-QS PO2 +Q9 PO3 -5
100 PO5 +2 PO6 +45
100 *
N270
N280
N290
N300
N310
N320
N330
N340
N350
Copy Incremental angle for finishing
Copy starting angle for counter
Drive tool to milling depth Z
Call subprogram
2
-
Label 2
Computation
of the X and Y positions
elliptical path
on the
Feed rate for finishing
Increase angle
If angle not attained, jump to label 2
G71 *
*’ End angle a, is greater
Modified
program
.-2
Retract spindle axis, jump to
start of program
L2 *
QlO PO1 +Q2 *
Qll PO1 +Q2 *
412 PO1 +QlO PO2 +Q4 *
413 PO1 +Qll PO2 +Q5 *
G41 X+Q12 Y+Q13 F200 *
402 PO1 +Q2 PO2 +QO *
PO1 +Q2 PO2 +Q3 PO3 2 *
LO *
N9999 %94152500
4
Cycle call
QOO PO1 +Ql *
414 PO1 +Q2 *
Z+Q9 FlOO *
*
G98
DO7
DO6
DO3
DO3
GO1
DO1
D12
G98
angle for counter
Define subprogram
2 - as contour label
SL cycle rough-out
(for more information, see “SL Cycles”)
N260 Z+50 FlOOO MO2 *
Subprogram
with program
section repeat
roughing
frnrshing
than 360°, so the contour
IS
safely completed
wrth the cutter.
If only the curve of the ellipse is to be milled, lines NIO and N190 to N210 are not needed.
Line N240 (drive tool to milling depth Z) is inserted behind line N320.
Page
P 116
Programming
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
-i
Parametric Programming
Example: Sphere
Task
Program 7513 machines
sphere using concentric
the horizontal plane.
Geometry
The size and locatron
entered.
Cutting
conditions
a convex segment
circular movements
of a
In
of the sphere can be
You obtain a hemisphere
when
Starting 3D angle
End 3D angle
Starting plane angle
End plane angle
=O’=
= 90°
= O”
= 360°
01
02
Q6
07
you select:
Cutting is performed during both the advance
return movements.
The following can be selected:
3D angle increment 03
Downfeed rate 011
Milling feed rate 012
and
When selecting the 3D incremental angle, you have to make a compromise
between the desired surface quality and the machining time. Small 3D incremental angles must be selected for high surface
quality, but they require correspondrngly
long machining times.
Tool required
A spherical
cutter is used for finishing.
O/o7816 G71 *
NlO DO0 QOl PO1 +lO *
N20 DO0 Q02 PO1 +5.5 *
N30 DO0 403 PO1 +l *
N40 DO0 404 PO1 +40 *
N50 DO0 QOS PO1 +45 *
N60 DO0 406 PO1 -90 *
N70 DO0 Q07 PO1 +90 *
N80 DO0 QOS PO1 +50 *
N90 DO0 QO9 PO1 +50 *
NlOO DO0 QlO PO1 -40 *
NllO DO0 Qll PO1 +lOO *
N120 DO0 Q12 PO1 +500 *
Assigning
values
Starting 3D angle
End 3D angle
3D incremental
angle
Sphere radius
Setup clearance in Z
Starting plane angle
End plane angle
X sphere center
Y sphere center
Z sphere center
Downfeed rate
Mrllrng feed rate
Blank
N130 G30 G17 X+0 Y+O Z-50 *
N140 G31 G90 X+100 Y+lOO Z-t0 *
Tool
N150 G99 Tl L+O R-t.5 *
N160 TO G17 *
Change/
Start position
N170 GO0 G90 Z+lOO MO6 *
N180 Tl G17 S800 *
Subprogram
call
c=,
F 012
N190 L2,O *
N200 GO0 Z+lOO MO2 *
Roughing
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
If roughing
is required,
an end mill can be used with a correspondingly
Programming
Modes
larger sphere
radius (04)
Page
P 117
Parametric Programming
Example: Sphere
d
Setting
starting
the
values
N210
N220
N230
N240
N2.50
N260
N270
N280
N290
N300
G98 L2 *
G54 X+QS Y+Q9 Z+QlO *
I+0 J+O *
DO0 Q20 PO1 +Ql *
DO1 431 PO1 +Q4 PO2 +Q108 *
L3,O *
GlO G40 R+Q17 H+Q6 MO3 *
GO0 Z+QS *
GO1 Z+Q15 FQll *
G13 H+Q7 FQ12 *
loop
N310
N320
N330
N340
N350
N360
N370
N380
N390
N400
N410
N420
N430
N440
G98
DO1
Dll
L3,O
GO1
Gil
G12
DO1
Dll
L3,O
GO1
Gil
G13
D12
Starting
position
Program
End
Ll *
420 PO1 +Q20 PO2
PO1 +Q20 PO2 t-Q2
*
Z+Q15 FQll *
R+Q17 FQ12 *
H+Q6 *
420 PO1 +Q20 PO2
PO1 +Q20 PO2 +Q2
*
Z+Q15 FQll *
R+Q17 FQ12 *
H+Q7 FQ12 *
PO1 +Q20 PO2 +Q2
Move datum to the sphere center
Set circle center
Starting and current 3D angle
Compensate
sphere radius (with tool radius)
Compute starting posrtron
Approach starting position
Approach setup clearance
Plunge cut at downfeed rate
Crrcle segment to plane end angle
+Q3 *
PO3 99 *
-/
3D angle increment
If condition* is fulfilled, then jump to end
Position computation
Pre-positioning
for withdrawal
Return to plane starting angle
3D angle increment
If condition* is fulfilled, then jump to end
Position computation
Pre-positioning
+Q3 *
PO3 99 *
Arc to plane end angle
If condition* is fulfilled, then jump to start of loop
PO3 1 *
N450 G98 L99 *
N460 GO0 Z+Q5 *
.-
Finished, retract
Reset datum
N470 G54 X+0 Y-t0 Z+O *
N480 G98 LO *
Position
computations
N490
N500
N510
N520
N530
N540
G98
DO6
DO3
DO7
DO3
G98
L3 *
414 PO1
Q15 PO1
416 PO1
417 PO1
LO *
Computations
+Q20
+Q14
+Q20
+Q16
*
PO2 +Q31 *
*
PO2 +Q31 * I
Radius components
* Condition:
N9999 %7816 G71 *
Computation
values
Q15: Current Z height
017:
Current radius (polar radius)
020:
Current 3D angle
031:
Compensated
contour radius
Q108: Current tool radius
Cycle sphere
The program
__
Z components
if current 3D angle 020
is greater than or less than end 3D
angle 02, then jump to
can be used as a cycle:
1. Subprogram
2 (blocks N210 to N480) is written as a separate program.
2. Lines N210 and N480 are not required. Subprogram
3 (blocks N490 to N540 is written in place of
block N260.
3. The user need only write the surrounding
program (blocks NIO to N200) and then call the cycle in
block N190 (PGM CALL).
Page
P 118
Programming
Modes
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
4
4
Parametric Programming
Example: Sphere
Machining
sections of a
hemisphere
Program O/o7816 can also be used to machlne
3D angles.
The graphic
sections
of a hemisphere
always shows the surface as cut by a cylindrical
by limiting
the plane angles and
end mill.
Finishing
Spherical cutter, R = 3 mm,
3D angle increment lo
Roughing
End mill, R = 12 mm,
3D angle increment 4O
Hemisphere:
3D angle
o” to 9o”
Plane angle
0” to 360”
3D angle
0” to 9o”
Plane angle
-60’ to 20’
3D angle
IO0 to 55O
Plane angle
-60” to 20’
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
I
Programming
Modes
I
Page
P 119
Programmed
Overview
Probing
The programmable
probrng functron enables you
to take dimension measurements
before or dur-ing a program run. You can probe the upper surfaces of castings with varying heights, for
example, to ensure that each is machined to the
proper depth.
In addition, thermally-induced
position deviations
of the machine can be determined
at selected
time intervals and compensated.
Proc
The probe moves to the starting position while
maintaining the setup clearance (machine parameter). It then approaches the workprece at the
measuring feed rate. Upon contact, the probed
positron is stored and the probe retracts at rapid
traverse to the setup clearance.
If the stylus does not make contact before reachrng the maximum probing depth (machine parameter), the operating is aborted.
Initiate the dialog
Input
PARAMETER NUMBER FOR RESULT
Parameter
PROBING AXIS/PROBING
Probing
probing
DIRECTION ?
number
axis and
direction
All coordrnates of the starting
incremental,
if desired
Conclude
Example
The probe is first to be pre-positioned
axis in positive direction. The probed
Program
TO G17 *
block
to X-IO, Y+20 and Z-20, and then probing
result (X position) IS to be stored in 010.
begun
with the X
GO0 G40 Z+200 MO6 *
Tool change
G55 PO110 PO2X+
Probing with the X axis in positive drrectron,
measuring result in 010
Pre-positioning
010 contains the compensated
X axis measurement after probing
G90 X-10 Y+20 Z-20 *
Page
P 120
positron,
I
Programming
Modes
position
Programmed
Probing: G55
Example: Measuring length and angle
Task
A length (from the probing points 0 and 0) and
an angle (from the probing points 0 and @) are
to be measured with parameter programming.
Note
The followrng
ing at right.
program
is a solutron to the draw-
The theory behind the measurement
of angles
explained briefly In “Parameter Programming,
Trigonometry
functions”.
Main program:
Definition
of
probing
points
(pre-positioning)
O/o129 G71 *
NlO DO0 Qll PO1 +20 *
N20 DO0 Q12 PO1 +50 *
N30 DO0 Q13 PO1 +lO *
Probing point 0
X, Y, Z coordinates
pre-positionrng
N40 DO0 421 PO1 +20 *
N50 DO0 422 PO1 +15 *
N60 DO0 423 PO1 +0 *
Probing
N70 DO0 Q31 PO1 +20 *
N80 DO0 432 PO1 +15 *
N90 DO0 Q33 PO1 -10 *
Probing point 0
Z coordinate 033 valid
for probing point 0
NlOO DO0 441 PO1 +50 *
NllO DO0 442 PO1 +lO *
Probing
N120 TO G17 *
N130 GO1 G90 Z+lOO FlOOO MO6 *
Measure
Measure
length
angle
is
N140 G55 PO1 10 PO2 ZX+Qll
Y+Q12 Z+Q13
N150 G55 PO1 20 PO2 ZX+Q21 Y+Q22 Z+Q23
N160 Ll,O *
N170 G55 PO1 30 PO2 Y+
X+Q31 Y+Q32 Z+Q33
N180 G55 PO1 40 PO2 YX+Q41 Y+Q42 Z+Q33
N190 L2,O *
for
point 0
point @I
Retract,
insert probe
system
0 Probe
*
Approach auxiliary point
0 Probe
Call subprogram
1
*
0 Probe
*
0 Probe
*
Call subprogram
N200 G38 *
Program STOP
Check result parameter (see Index M “Machine
Operating Modes, Program run.
Checking/Changing
0 Parameters”)
Retract, jump to start of program
N210 Z+lOO M02*
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
2
Programming
Modes
Page
P 121
Programmed
Probing: G55
Example: Measuring length and angle
Subprogram
1:
measure
length
N260 G98 Ll *
N270 DO2 QOl PO1+Q20 PO2+QlO *
N280 G98 LO *
N285 *
Subprogram
2:
measure angle
N290 G98 L2
N300 DO2 Q34 PO1+Q40 PO2+Q30 *
N310 DO2 Q35 PO1+Q41 PO2+Q31 *
N320 D13 402 PO1+Q34 PO2+Q35 *
N330 DO1 Q02 PO1-360 PO2+Q2 *
N340 G98 LO *
N9999O/o129
G71 *
Page
P 122
Programming
Measured height
in parameter 01.
Measured
Modes
angle
or depth Z
In parameter
Q2.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
4
Teach-In
Tool
compensation
Position values (coordinates)
acquired via “Capture actual position” contain the length and radius
of compensation
for the tool in use.
Therefore it is advisable when programming
with
“Capture actual position” to enter the correct
radius compensation
(G41. G42 or G43. G44) and
use L = 0 and R = 0 in the tool definition.
1. Tool definition
in the part program
3 NlO G95 Tl L+O R+O
2. Tool definition
in the central tool file
/ Tl L+O R+O
If the tool breaks or another tool is selected
instead of the original, then a different length
and radius can be taken into account.
The new compensation
are differences:
Radius
compensation
R=O
values for the tool radius
radius compensation
for
tool radius of the original
tool radius of a new tool
tool radius of a new tool
the tool definition
tool 0
0
0
The compensation
R can be positive or negative,
depending
Inserted tool IS larger (+) or smaller (-) than the origrnal tool.
The compensation
for the new tool length IS also determined
(see “Tool definition, Transferring tool length”).
The new compensations
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
R= -__
R = R2-Fi, or
R = R3-R,
R =
RI =
R2 =
R3 =
Length
compensation
R= +..,
are entered
in the tool definition
Programming
Modes
on whether
the tool radius of the newly
as the difference
of the original
to the originally
tool (R = 0, L = 0)
Page
P 123
used tool
Teach-In
Capture
actual position
Applications
The actual tool positron can be transferred to the
part program with the “Capture actual positron”
key.
In this way you can capture:
positions
l tool dimensions
(see “Tool Definition”)
l
Process
Move the tool to the desired
positron.
Open a program block (e.g. for a strarght line) in
the “Programming
and editing” operating mode.
Select the axis from which the actual value is to
be transferred.
This axis position IS transferred to memory by
pressing the “Capture actual position” key.
PROGRRMMING
N25
N30
N40
NSO
N60
N70
N9999
EBB
RND
G40
X+100
G54
G28
X
G90
X+10
Y+10
II
#f
Jt0
It100
G73
G72
EDITING
M03
s
*
1y
G90
Ht31S
F0,8
x7410
4~
G71
*
4~
_________-_----_________________
FICTL.
T
X
z
t
+
9,375
8,985
q t
R
t
F
0
8,200
0,180
MS/3
Move the axis or axes via the
axis keys.
Example
Input
Enter radius
compensation
if
required.
. . . ($3;;;
positions axis
cl
Enter feed rate If
required.
Enter miscellaneous
function if required.
Conclude
Page
P 124
Programming
Modes
block
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
Test Run
In the “Test run” operating mode, a machining
program IS checked for the following errors
without machine movement:
l
l
l
l
l
TEST
Overrunning the traversing range of the
machine
Exceeding the spindle speed range
Illogical entries, e.g. redundant Input of one axis
Failure to comply with elementary programming
rules e.g. cycle call without a cycle definition
Certain geometrical
incompatibilities
RUN
17410
G71
3f
N10
G99
Tl
L+0
R+2
c#
N20
Tl
El7
Sl000
#f
N2S
G00
G40
G90
X+10
N30
GS4
X+100
Y+20
#f
N40
G28
X 3~
NS0
It100
J+0
*
N60
673
G90
H+315
iK
_____--------------------------RCTL.
El
2
+
t
9,375
8,965
T
Testing
.
the program
Y+10
Y
R
t
+
F
0
M03
*
8,200
0,180
MS/9
Initiate the dralog
PROGAM SELECTION
PROGRAM NUMBER =
Select the program
to be tested.
Key in and confirm the block number
up to which the test is to run.
TO BLOCK NUMBER =
or
Test the complete
No apparent
errors
If the program contains no apparent errors, the program
reached, or a jump is made back to the start of program
G38/M06
If a G38 or MO6 was programmed,
pressing the “NO ENT” key.
Error
If an error IS found, the program test is stopped. The error is usually located
block. An error message is displayed on the screen.
The program
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
/
test runs until the entered block number is
if no G38 (STOP) or MO6 was programmed
the test can be continued
by entering
test can be halted with the “DEL 0” key and aborted
Programming
Modes
program.
a new block number
or by
In or before the stopped
at any time
I
Page
P 125
Graphic
Simulation
GRAPHICS
Machining
programs can be simulated graphically
and checked In the “Program run” operating
modes “Full sequence” and “Single block”, if a
blank has been prevrously defined (G30/G31).
More information on the defrnrtron of the blank
can be found in the section “Program Selection,
Blank form definition”.
GRAPHICS
GRAPHICS
SELECTION=ENT
After selecting a program, the menu shown at
the right is displayed by pressing the GRAPHICS
“MOD” key twice.
FRST
SD-VIEW
IMRGE
PLRN
VIEW
/
DRTR
END-NOENT
PROCESSING
One of the versrons of the graphic presentations
can be selected with the vertical cursor keys and
entered with the “ENT” key.
The graphic simulation or internal
started with the ‘START” key
Fast data
image
processing
computation
is
With “Fast data image processing”
only the current block number is drsplayed on the screen and
the internal computing
also indicated by an asterisk (* = control is started)
When the program has been processed,
“machined”
workpiece can be displayed
view, view in three planes or 3D view.
the
in plan
Plan view
with depth
indication
The workprece center is shown in the plan view
with up to 7 different shades: the lower the
darker.
View
three
The workpiece
IS shown
- like In drafting
plan view and two sections.
in
pianes
The sectional
keys.
- with a
planes can be moved via the cursor
I
The view in three planes can be switched from
the German to the Amertcan projection via a
machine parameter. A symbol (In conformance
to
IS0 6433) rndrcates the type of projection:
Page
P 126
Preferred
German
Preferred
American
*
4=
Programming
Modes
I
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Graphic
Simulation
GRAPHICS
3D view
The program
view.
The
with
The
L =
A =
is simulated
in a three-dimensronal
displayed workptece can be rotated by 90°
each activation of the horizontal cursor keys.
orientation is indicated by an angle.
o”
1= 180°
90”
r = 270°
If the height to side proportron is between 0.5
and 50, the type of display can be changed with
the vertical cursor keys. You can switch between
a scaled and non-scaled view. The short height or
side is shown with a better resolution in the
nonscaled view.
Magnifying
Selecting
sectional
You can magnify a detail of the displayed work
with the “MAGN” key. A wire model with a
hatched surface appears next to the graphic. This
marks the sectional plane.
the
plane
You can select a different
vertical cursor keys.
sectional
Trimming
You can trim the selected
section with the horizontal
plane or cancel the
cursor keys.
Magnifying
the detail
Once the desired detail is displayed, select the
dialog “TRANSFER
DETAIL
= ENT” with the
vertical cursor keys and confirm with the “ENT”
key.
Magnification
The “remaining workpiece”
screen with “MAGN”.
plane with the
is displayed
-
MAGN
on the
Another graphic simulation of machining of the
magnified detail can be executed in the plan
view, the view in three planes or the 3D view via
the “START” key.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
1
Programming
Modes
Page
P 127
Graphic
Simulation
GRAPHICS
You can restore the complete blank with the “BLK
FORM” key and restart simulation with “START”.
Tips
Displaying
The “3D view” and “View in three planes” are especially realistic, but they require extensive computing.
For long programs, we therefore recommend
displaying the workpiece with “Fast data image processing” or In the quicker “Plan view with depth indication” first, and then switching to the “3D view” or the
“View in three planes”.
details
The following aids are available if fine details are to be examined:
Trim the blank and magnify in an additional graphic program run
l
l
Tool call
Restrict the blank detail to the section
A tool call must be programmed
Page
P 128
of interest.
with “T” prior to the first axrs movement
to designate
Specifying the spindle axis in the BLK FORM definition
Both entries for the axis must be the same.
does not suffice for the graphic
If the tool axis is not given, an error message
after starting the graphics.
Programming
appears
Modes
the tool axis.
program
run
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
External Data Transfer
General information
The control has one data interface
following standard:
. RS-232-C (ISO)
The data interface
can function
for read-in
or output
in two d’fferent
* (no longer
Device
adaptation
External
programming
tape unit*, or for a printer, punch,
reader, etc.
to various
for three different
peripheral
peripheral
devices via machine
devices
are permanently
parameters,
can be accesses
stored in the TNC (selectable
FE = for HEIDENHAIN
l
ME = for HEIDENHAIN
l
EXT = external devices.
Interface defined by the machine manufacturer
or user via machine
HEIDENHAIN device such as a printer, computer, etc.
via
FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit.
ME magnetic
can also be written
Observe the programming
which
tape unit.
parameters
to connect
a non
externally.
rules in this manual
and the following
and after every program
instructlons.
l
At the start of program
grammed.”
l
After the end of program block, CR LF or LF or CR FF or FF’) and also ETX (Control C) must be pro
grammed.
Any character can be substituted for ETX.
l
Spaces between
l
Trailing zeros can be omitted.
l
During read-in
single words
block, CR LF or LF or CR FF or FF must be pro-
can be omitted.
of NC programs,
comments
that are marked
with “*” or “;” are Ignored.
I’ CR, LF at the start of program and CR, LF or LF or FF after every block are not requtred
transfer”. This function is assumed by the control characters.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
with the
computers.
l
Programs
complies
in production).
The TNC can be adapted
as user parameters.
The settings
“MOD”):
The data format
manners:
Blockwise
transfer
for
the HEIDENHAIN FE 401 Floppy Disk Unit and compat’ble
Standard
data transfer for
the HEIDENHAIN ME magnetic
of programs.
Programming
Modes
for “blockwise
Page
P 129
External Data Transfer
Iranster menu
Read-in/
read-out
Transfer
Part programs can be read-out or read-in by the control. For example, the “Read-in program” display
the control means: data is entered from the floppy disk station and received by the control. Program
transfer in the “Programming
and editing” operating mode must be Initrated from the control.
menu
The transfer mode is selected vra a menu, which
offers different read-in and read-out alternatives.
PROGRAMMING AND EDITING
~uPnnmufi0
PROGRAM DIRECTORY
READ-IN ALL PROGRAMS
READ-IN PROGRAM OFFERED
READ-OUT SELECTED PROGRAM
READ-OUT ALL PROGRAMS
Selections
Read-in
to the TNC
Read-out
from the TNC
PROGRAM DIRECTORY
READ-OUT SELECTED PROGRAM
The list of program numbers on the data
medium is displayed. The programs are not
transferred.
A single, selected
program
is read-out.
READ-OUT ALL PROGRAMS
The entire NC program
memory
IS read-out
READ-IN ALL PROGRAMS
All programs
ium.
are read-in
from the data med-
READ-IN PROGRAM OFFERED
The programs are offered in the sequence in
which they were externally stored and, if desired, can be read-in.
READ-IN SELECTED PROGRAM
A srngle, selected
program
is read-in.
Interrupting
the data
transfer
A started data transfer can be interrupted
on the TNC by pressing
After interruption of the data transfer, the following error message
Transfer
TNC - TNC
Data can also be transferred
the “END Cl” key
appears:
PROGRAM INCOMPLETE
Page
P 130
directly
between
Programming
two controls.
Modes
The receiving
control
must be started first
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
on
External Data Transfer
Connecting cable/Pin assignment
RS-232-C
HEIDENHAIN
devices
Transmission cable
Length 3 m (10 ft)
for
LE
Cable adapter
on the machine
length max. 17 m (55
RS-232-C
Cable adapter
-
Id -Nr. 242869
IddNr.
23975801
Id.-Nr. 239760
ME
* 25.pole flange socket
LE 2500. X25
HEIDENHAINstandard
cable
The RS-232-C
data interface
has a different
pin layout at the LE and at the adapter
block
Non-HEIDENHAIN
devices
Cable for
LE
RS-232-C
Cable adapter
at the machine
-
*
* 25-pole flange socket
LE 2500: X25
Recommended
pin layout
for nonHEIDENHAIN
devices
1
2
3
4
5
6
TXD
RXD
RTS
CTS
DSR
TRANSMIT
DATA
RECEIVE
DATA
REQUEST
TO
SEND
CLEAR
TO
SEND
DATA
SET
READY
DATA
TERMINAL
7
DTR
R-232-C
DCl/DC3
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
data transfer
protocol
Programming
READY
with
Modes
Page
P 131
External Data Transfer
Peripheral devices
Adaptation
The control
HEIDENHAIN
devices
HEIDENHAIN
operation :
Interface
The transfer
device which
devices are mated with the TNC controls
The adaptation
FE, ME
must be set for the specific
for FE or ME can be selected
via “MOD”.
is to be connected
and are therefore
The suitable
In burlt-in controls, peripheral devices can usually be connected
panel or another accessible location on the machine.
Non-HEIDENHAIN
devices
Non-HEIDENHAIN
l
devices
must be indrvidually
adapted.
cable can be ordered
the peripheral
via a cable adapter
on the operating
This also includes:
Adapting the control via machine parameters.
These settings are stored after Input and are automatically
Adapting
standard
easy to put into
rate can be altered for the FE 401 B.
Connections
l
especially
effective by selecting
EXT.
device, e.g. via switches.
0 Setting the baud rates for both devices.
l
Wiring
the data transfer
Please remember:
Page
P 132
cable.
Both sides must be set identically.
You should always document the settings!
Programming
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
-
External Data Transfer
FE floppy disk unit
Preparing
the FE *I
Connect the FE to the mains, plug in the data
cable, switch on, insert floppy disk in the upper
drive, select the baud rate if necessary.
Please note when
l
writing
You must format the diskette
the first ttme.
0 Do not write-protect
Setting
the TNC
a diskette:
Select operating
before writing
for
the diskette.
Continue pressing until
RS-232-C INTERFACE appears.
mode at the TNC
Terminate
Examples
for using
the FE
Read-out
selected
program
Select operating
READ-OUT
OUTPUT
the MOD operating
mode
SELECTED
= ENT/END
PROGRAM
Confirm the function.
= NOENT
Select the program,
Output
EXTERNAL
OUTPUT
DATA
OUTPUT
= ENT/END
e.g. program
The FE is started and stopped
transfer.
= NOENT
The next program
Select operating
READ-IN
number
after program
is then highlighted.
SELECTED
PROGRAM
NUMBER
EXTERNAL
DATA
PROGRAM
Confirm
=
Enter the number,
the function.
read-in.
INPUT
functions
with “blockwise
*) The entire range of functions
I
or
mode
The FE generally
like an ME.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
14.
the program
Select and output the next program
terminate
output.
Very important!
Read-in
selected
program
mode.
transfer”
for the FE is described
Programming
Modes
and can be switched
in the operating
over on the rear to operate
manual
for the FE
I
Page
P 133
External Data Transfer
Non-HEIDENHAIN
devices
EXT
After setting the TNC data interface
to EXT. the following
modes can be selected
via machine
parameter:
Standard
data transfer for
prtnter, reader, puncher etc.
Blockwise
computer.
transfer
for
To transfer data from the control
parameters.
The transfer
Resetting
the TNC to EXT
to non-HEIDENHAIN
rate is set via the MOD function
devices, the control
Continue pressing until
RS-232-C interface appears.
Select at the TNC
Continue
appears.
Terminate
For standard
the control:
data transfer
MP 5030 = 0 (standard
pressing
until the EXT setting
the MOD operating
(e.g. to a printer), you only have to enter the followrng
data transfer
MP 5020 = e g 168 (data format)
(see “External Data Transfer, Machine
Blockwise
transfer
by machine
BAUD RATE.
RS-232-CINTERFACE
Standard
data transfer
must be adapted
= 1 (blockwrse
transfer
MP 5020
= e.g. 168 (data format).
IS
parameters
at
is selected).
parameters”).
For “blockwise transfer” from a computer, transfer software
from HEIDENHAIN for personal computers.
For this operating mode, you must set the following machine
MP 5030
machine
mode.
IS
required,
e.g. the data transfer
software
parameters:
selected).
The following machine parameters determine the control character (for description see “External Data
Transfer, Machine parameters”)
and are valid for the data transfer software from HEIDENHAIN. If different transfer software is used, the machine parameters must be adapted correspondingly.
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
MP
5010
5010.1
5010.2
5010.3
5010.4
5010.5
=
=
=
=
=
=
515
17736
16712
279
5382
4
When using the transfer software from HEIDENHAIN,
above machine parameters need not be entered.
Adapting
to
non-HEIDENHAIN
devices
Page
P 134
Compare the interface descriptions
Then proceed as follows:
0 Determine the common
The peripheral device
IS
the data interface
is normally
set to “FE” Then the
of both devices
settings (data format, baud rate).
usually set vta internal switches.
l
Determine
l
l
Plug in the data transfer cable
Plug in the power cord of the peripheral
the pin layout for the data transfer
l
Switch
l
Start the transfer
l
Select the transfer
cable, and wire the cable.
device
on power.
software
from the computer,
If required
menu on the TNC with the “EXT” key and start the desired
Programming
Modes
transfer.
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
External Data Transfer
Machine parameters
The followrng settings
To select the machine
MP 5010
Control
characters
for blockwise
transfer
MP
Bit
5010.0
0
8
5010.1
0 ..7
I
5010.2
5010.3
5010.4
5010.5
are only effective when operating
parameters, see index A “General
the data Interface in the “EXT.’ operating mode.
Informatron, MOD Functrons. User parameters”.
Function
7
15
Input
values”
ETX or any ASCII character.
STX or any ASCII character.
8
15
0
7
8
15
0
7
8
15
0
7
8
15
0
7
Character
Character
for end of program.
for start of program.
H or any
for data
E or any
for data
ASCII
input
ASCII
input
character. It IS sent in the command
prior to the program number.
character. It is sent In the command
after the program number.
H or any
for data
A or any
for data
ASCII character. It is sent In the command
output prior to the program number.
ASCII character. It is sent in the command
output after the program number.
block
block
block
MP 5010.0
Bits 0 - 7
ETB and
SOH:
279
ACK or substitute character (decimal
positive acknowledgement.
It IS sent
is correctly
received.
NAK or substitute character (decimal
negative acknowledgement.
It is sent
is incorrectly
transferred.
ACK and
NAK:
5382
code l-47):
when the data block
code l-47):
when the data block
EOT or substitute character (decimal code l-47)
is sent at the end of the data transfer.
End of program:
Start of program:
software
EOT:
4
from HEIDENHAIN
ETX
STX
of bit
Significance
I
of bit
Determine
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
input value’
61
51
4
31
2
1
0
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
15 I
14 I
13 I
101
91
8
32768
Enter 0 or 1 accordingly
00000011
00000010
128
Enter 0 or 1 accordingly
Bits 8 - 15
and one for the start
BINARY code
BINARY code
7
Significance
H and A.
16712
block
MP 5010.0
This defines one character from the ASCII character code for the end of program
of program for external programming
ASCII characters l-47 are accepted.
“End of program” is sent at “standard data interface” and “blockwise transfer”.
“Start of program” is only sent at “blockwise transfer”.
Example:
H and E,
17736
ETB or substitute character (decimal code l-47)
is sent at the end of the command
block.
SOH or substitute character (decimal code l-47)
is sent at the beginning
of the command
block.
‘I The input values apply for the data transfer
Determining
bit significance
ETX and
STX:
515
16384
0
8192
0
I
4096
0
‘1
I
1024
2048
0
0
512
0
1
The input value for MP 5010.0
IS thus 515.
1
2
+ 512
515
Programming
‘2
Modes
Page
P 135
256
0
External Data Transfer
Machine parameters
The data format and the type of transfer stop are determined
wise transfer”. 0 is entered for standard data interface.
MP 5020
Data format
Function
Bit
Input
7 or 8 data bits
0
+
Block Check Character
(BCC)
1
0 + any BCC character
2 --f BCC character no control
2
+
+
0 ---f inactive
4 + active
Transfer stop due to DC3
3
+
+
0 + inactive
8 + active
Number
parity even
4
parity required
5
of stop bits
7
0
0
1
t1
bits (ASCII code with
= parity)
bits (ASCII code wrth
= 0 and gth bit = parity)
+
+
Transfer stop due to RTS
Character
or odd
Character
1
-
character
-
8
+ 0 -even
+16-odd
+ 0 + not required
+ 32 + required
6
0
1
0
1
1
2
1
1
32
l/2 Stop bits
Stop bits bit 6: + 64
Stop bit bit 7: + 128
Stop bit
value to be entered
Notes on
bit 1
Bit 1 is only set for “block-
Input
values
0 + 7 data
8’h bit
1 + 8 data
8’h bit
+
by MP 5020.
Input value does not contain the significance
2:
The BCC can accept an arbitrary character (also control
character)
128
for MP 5020
in “blockwise
169
transfer”
Input value contains
the significance
2:
If the computation
of the BCC during “blockwise transfer” results in a number less than 20 HEX’) (control
character), then a “space” character (20 HEX) is additionally sent prior to ETB. In this case, the BCC IS
always greater than 20 HEX and therefore not a control character.
I) HEX = Hexadecimal
Example
of value
determination
Standard
data format:
Bits 0 - 7
Srgnificance
7 data bits (ASCII code with 7 bits, even parity)
Transfer stop due to DC3. 1 stop bit
7
of bit
MP 5030
Operating
mode of the
interface
Page
P 136
5
4
31
21
1 1
0
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
Enter 0 or 1 accordingly
After adding the significances,
In our example: 168.
61
you obtain the input value for machine
parameter
5020.
Operating
mode data interface
RS-232-C
This parameter determines the function of the data interface.
0 A “standard
1 ” “blockwise
data interface”
(normally for printer, reader, punch)
transfer”
(normally for computer link)
Programming
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
External Data Transfer
Machine parameters
The following settings
To select the machine
MP 5010
Control
characters
for blockwise
transfer
are only effective when operating
parameters, see index A “General
the data interface in the “EXT” operating mode
Information, MOD Functions, User parameters”.
Function
Input
values”
MP
Bit
5010.0
0
8
7
15
ETX or any ASCII character.
STX or any ASCII character.
0
7
8
15
H or any
for data
E or any
for data
ASCII
input
ASCII
input
0
7
8..
15
H or any
for data
A or any
for data
ASCII character. It is sent In the command
output prior to the program number.
ASCII character. It IS sent in the command
output after the program number.
0
7
8
15
0
7
8
15
0
7
5010.2
5010.3
5010.4
5010.5
Character
Character
for end of program.
for start of program.
character. It IS sent in the command
prior to the program number.
character. It is sent In the command
after the program number.
block
block
block
ETB and
SOH:
279
ACK or substitute character (decimal
positive acknowledgement.
It IS sent
IS correctly
received.
NAK or substitute character (decimal
negative acknowledgement.
It is sent
is incorrectly
transferred.
ACK and
NAK:
5382
code 1-47):
when the data block
code I-47).
when the data block
EOT or substitute character (dectmal code l-47)
is sent at the end of the data transfer.
End of program:
Start of program:
software
EOT:
4
from HEIDENHAIN
7
of bit
Significance
I
of bit
Determine
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
input value:
5
4
3
2
1
0
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
15 I
14 I
101
91
8
32768
Enter 0 or 1 accordinalv
61
00000011
00000010
128
Enter 0 or 1 accordingly
Bits 8 - 15
and one for the start
BINARY code
BINARY code
ETX
STX
Bits 0 - 7
Significance
H and A:
16712
block
MP 5010.0
This defines one character from the ASCII character code for the end of program
of program for external programming.
ASCII characters l-47 are accepted.
“End of program” is sent at “standard data interface” and “blockwise transfer”.
“Start of program” is only sent at “blockwise transfer”.
Example:
H and E:
17736
ETB or substitute character (decimal code l-47)
is sent at the end of the command
block.
SOH or substitute character (decimal code 1-47)
is sent at the beginning
of the command
block.
The input values apply for the data transfer
Determining
bit significance
MP 5010.0
ETX and
STX:
515
16384
0
I
8192
0
1
2
+ 512
515
Programming
‘3
‘2
I
4096
0
‘1
I
2048
0
1024
0
512
0
256
1
The Input value for MP 5010.0
is thus 515.
Modes
Page
P 135
0
External Data Transfer
Machine parameters
The data format and the type of transfer stop are determined
wise transfer”. 0 is entered for standard data Interface.
MP 5020
Data format
Function
Bit
input
7 or 8 data bits
0
+
(BCC)
1
Input
values
0 + 7 data
8’h bit
1 --f 8 data
8rh bit
+
Block Check Character
by MP 5020. Bit 1 IS only set for “block-
+
+
0 + any BCC character
2 + BCC character no control
Transfer stop due to RTS
2
+
+
0 + Inactive
4 + active
Transfer stop due to DC3
3
+
+
0 + inactive
8 + active
Character
or odd
Character
Number
parity even
4
parity required
5
of stop bits
t7
0
0
1
1
bits (ASCII code with
= parity)
bits (ASCII code with
= 0 and gth bit = parity)
character
-
8
+ 0 + even
+16-odd
+ 0 + not required
+ 32 + required
6
0
1
0
1
1
2
1
1
32
l/2 Stop brts
Stop bits bit 6: + 64
Stop bit bit 7: + 128
Stop bit
value to be entered
Notes on
brt 1
1
Input value does not contain the significance
2:
The BCC can accept an arbitrary character (also control
character)
128
for MP 5020
in “blockwise
169
transfer”.
Input value contains the significance
2:
If the computation
of the BCC during “blockwise transfer” results in a number less than 20 HEX’) (control
character), then a “space” character (20 HEX) is addrtionally sent prior to ETB. In this case, the BCC IS
always greater than 20 HEX and therefore not a control character.
I) HEX = Hexadecimal
Example
of value
determrnatron
Standard
data format:
7 data bits (ASCII code with 7 bits, even parity)
Transfer stop due to DC3, 1 stop bit
Bits 0 - 7
Significance
of bit
Enter 0 or 1 accordingly
After adding the signrficances,
In our example: 168.
MP 5030
Operating
mode of the
interface
Page
P 136
I
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
II
01
01
0
II
01
II
01
you obtain the input value for machine
parameter
5020.
Operating
mode data interface
RS-232-C
This parameter determines the function of the data interface.
0 2 “standard
1 ” “blockwise
data interface”
(normally for printer, reader, punch)
transfer”
(normally for computer link)
Programming
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Address
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
Letters in IS0
Adress
code
Function
%
Program
start or call
A
B
C
(rotation
(rotation
(rotation
about X-axis)
about Y-axis)
about Z-axis)
D
Parameter
F
F
F
Feed rate
Dwell with GO4
Scaling factor with G72
G
Preparatory
H
H
Polar coordinate angle In incremental/absolute
Angle of rotation with G73
I
J
K
X-coordinate
Y-coordinate
Z-coordinate
L
L
L
Set label number with G98
Jump to label number
Tool length with G99
M
Miscellaneous
N
Block number
P
P
Cycle parameter in cycles
Parameter in parameter definitions
Q
Program
R
R
R
R
R
Polar coordinate radius
Circle radius with G02/G03/G05
Rounding-off
radius with G25/G26/G27
Chamfer length with G24
Tool radius with G99
S
Spindle
T
T
Tool definition
Tool call
U
v
w
Linear movement
Linear movement
Linear movement
X
Y
z
X-axis
Y-axis
Z-axis
*
End of block
definition
function
(Program
parameter
Q)
(G code)
dimensions
of circle center/pole
of circle center/pole
of circle center/pole
functions
parameter
“0”
speed
with G99
parallel to X-axis
parallel to Y-axis
parallel to Z-axis
Programming
Modes
Page
P 137
Parameter
Page
P 138
Definitions
in IS0
D
Function
Reference
00
Assign
P 106
01
02
03
04
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
P 106
05
Square
P 106
06
07
Sine
Cosine
08
Root-sum
09
10
11
12
If
If
If
If
13
Angle of c
/
root
Page
P 107
of squares
(c = IGG?)
equal, jump
unequal, jump
greater, jump
less, jump
P 107
P 109
sin a and c
Programming
cos a)
Modes
P 108
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
G Codes
3roup
IG
‘ath types
E?
E
:z
07
10
1:
1:
16
zycles
04
z:
z;
2:
:i
7;
5:
5:
5:
E
79
Selection of
working plane
1;
2
Chamfer, corner
rounding, approach
and departure
zz
26
27
29
Blank form definition
Z?
38
40
Tool path compensation
::
:i
50
:A
Unit of measure
?f
Dimensions
ii?
98
,.1 99
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
I
1 Non-modal
1 Function
Linear interpolation,
Linear interpolation,
Circular interpolation,
Circular Interpolation,
Circular interpolation,
Circular interpolation,
previous contour
Paraxial positioning
Linear interpolation,
Linear interpolation,
Circular interpolation,
Circular interpolatron,
Circular interpolatron,
Circular interpolation,
previous contour
Reference
Page
P 25
P 26
P 33
Cartesian, rapid traverse
Cartesian
Cartesian, clockwise
Cartesian, counterclockwise
Cartesian, no direction specified
Cartesian, tangential transition from
block
polar, rapid traverse
polar
polar, clockwise
polar, counterclockwise
polar, no direction specified
polar, tangential transition from
Dwell
Mirror image
Oriented spindle stop
Pocket contour definition
Designates program, call via G79
Datum shift
Pre-drilling (used with G37)
Roughing out (used with G37)
Contour milling clockwise (used with G37)
Contour mlling counterclockwise
(used with G37)
Scaling factor
Coordinate system rotation
Slot milling
Rectangular pocket milling clockwise
Rectangular pocket milling counterclockwise
Circular pocket milling clockwise
Circular pocket milling counter-clockwise
Peck drilling
Tapping
Cycle call
Plane selection XY, tool axis
Plane selection ZX, tool axis
Plane selection YZ, tool axis
Tool axis = 4’h axis
Chamfer with length R
Corner rounding with R
Tangential contour approach
Tangential contour departure
Designate last nominal value
P 39
M 18
P 43
l
P 44
P 45
0
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
l
P 100
P 98
P 71
P 73
P 75
P 67
P 70
l
P 65
P 20
0
0
0
0
0
P 27
P 37
P 50
Z
Y
X
with R
with R
as pole
Blank workpiece definition for graphics: min point
Blank workpiece definition for graphics: max. point
STOP program run
No tool compensation
(RO)
Tool path compensation,
left of contour (RL)
Tool path compensation,
right of contour (RR)
Paraxial compensation
extension (R-t)
Paraxial compensation,
reduction (R-)
Program protection (at start of program)
Next tool number (when using central tool memory)
Touch probe function
Dimensions specified in inches (at start of program)
Dimensions specified in millimeters (at start of program)
Absolute dimensions
Incremental dimensions
P 42
P8
P 20
P 15
l
P 17
P7
0
a
P 119
P6
A 17
l
Set label number
r.
1 tool uetrnrtion
0
Programming
Modes
102
96
104
78
103
94
89
78
90
/
P 56
nrI” ,I?
M Functions
Miscellaneous
YY
Page
P 140
functions
with txedetermined
1 Lycle cali errecrlve
function
.
DIocKwise
Programming
Modes
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 2500B
M Functions
Vacant miscellaneous
functions
Effective at
Begin of End of
block
block
10
l
l
11
12
15
16
I 17 I
18
l
24
25
1 26
1 27
I
l
I
1 28 I
29
31
32
I 33 I
I 34 I
I 35 I
36 j
37 I
I 38 I
I 39 I
I
I
I
l
l
l
I
I
I
l
lel
I
I
I
l
l
I
I
l
l
l
I
I
I
l
l
l
I
I
I
l
l
I
l
I
l
I
l
I
I
I
l
:
49
l
50
51
l
l
I
l
I
I
0
I
I
I
1
1
l
I
l
I
I
l
I
l
l
l
l
l
I
I
I
I
I
I
j
I
1
I
I
I
l
l
l
l
l
l
I
l
I
I
l
l
77
78
l
79
l
I
I
l
:
l
l
61
I 62
63
64
65
66
67
I 68
I 69
I 70
71
77
73
74
82
83
84
/ 85 1
I 86 I
1 87 1
1 88 1
l
46
47
48
I
I
60 1
l
41
42
43
HEIDENHAIN
TNC 25008
l
I 59 I
l
l
1
I
I
I
56
l
l
l
I
I 22 I
/ 23 I
l
I 57 I
l
19
20
I 21
54
55
l
l
l
l
I
I
I
l
l
l
I
I
I
l
l
l
Programming
.
Modes
These miscellaneous
functions are assigned by the
machine tool builder and are described in the
operating rnstructrons for your machine tool.
Page
P 141
Length
Incremental rotary and angle encoders
Absolute rotary encoders
Digital readouts
for retrofitting
machine
gauges
Incremental
tools
and display
linear encoders
TNC contouring
controls
units
HEIDENHAIN
+
- !!A!!!
C
25666420
2
10192
H
Printed r Germany
Subject
to
alteration
Working
plane:
Tool axis
Program
(90°)
Working
plane
Z (G17)
xv.
x iG18i
YZ
I Reference
axis
x
I
lOoI
.’
Y
Y (G19)
Section
Repeat:
Label number
ldentlfles
program
section
to be repeated
Repeat
five times = execute
SIX times
G98 L2
GO0 G91 X+10
L2.5
TNC 2500B
Contouring
M99
Z
Control
Subprogram:
Tool radius
compensation:
Subprogram
call
L4.0
MO2 identlcates
end of maIn program
return to begInnIng
of program
Beginning
of subprogram
~
and
GO0 G40
End of subprogram
(Further
subprograms)
Cycles:
G
Cycle
effective
after
call-up
effective
immediately
Pecking
kww
Slot mllllng
Pocket mllllng
Circular
pocket
Program
call
37
56
57
58/59
Define
contour
PIlot drilling
Rough-out
contour
mllllng
54
28
73
72
Datum
shift
Mirror
image
Rotation
Scaling
factor
.
.
.
.
04
Dwell
.
Cycles:
Program
structure
L!st of contour
machlnlng
with
several
G37
PO1
G56
PO1
G57
$
Z = rxremental
P = thread
pitch
advance
powon
I+50 J+30
G13 G41 G91 H-2520
G58
End
MO2
return
subprograms
PO1
PO1
G98
G98
Activate
G54
G28
G73
G72
X+20
X
H+45
FO.8
LO
Cancel
Y+30
Z+lO
thread
G54X+OY+OZ+O
G28
G73 H+O
G72 Fl
Left-hand
2+12
Machine
outer
inner
thread
outer
tool
(RL)
G42
(RR)
G42
(RR)
G41
(RL)
clockwise
G42
(RR)
G41
(RL)
G41
(RL)
G42
(RR)
counterclockwise
ICCW
program
(CW)
axis
negative
posltlve
control:
q
q
Manual
The axes can be moved
via the external
axis dIrectIon
buttons
The position
displays
can be set to desired
values
Electronic
Handwheel
The axes can be driven
either
by using the electronic
handwheel
or by entering
a jog increment
via the
external
axls dIrection
keys
Ia
Positioning
via MDI
The axes are moved
to or by a manually-entered
dlmenslon
with the chosen
radius
compensation,
rate and M function
The block IS not stored1
% 234 G71
G30 G17 X+0 Y+O Z-40
G31 G90 X+100 Y+lOO Z+O
Ia
Program
Run,
Full Sequence
After start of the program
“la the external
the program
WIII automatically
be executed
end of the program
or STOP
Tool
Tool
Tool
Tool
G99 Tl L+O Rf5
TO G17
GO0 G40 G90 Z+lOO
Tl G17 SIOOO
l3l
Program
Run,
Single
Block
Any single
block can
external
START key
deflnltlon
call
change
call
1” contour
feed
number
Program
234 ,n mm
Blank form deflnltlon
Starting
Working
cutter
define/call
Contour
cycle
contour
milling
Pwoosltlon.
cvcle call
Datum
shift
Mirror
Image
Rotation
Scaling
factor
H = 360
G41
Select
Finishing
Transformations:
transformation
value
inner
tools
cutter
define/call
Contour
cycle’
rough-out
Pre-positIon.
cycle call
Coordinate
Coordinate
LO
interpolation:
Right-hand
Roughing
Contour
G98
MO2
!B
with
Approach
stamng
Define
pole
Hellcal
lnterpoiatlon
.
.
.
subprograms
program,
L4
Z+lOO
.
Drill defw/call
Contour
cycle
pilot drllltng
Pre-oositlon
cvcle call
of malt-
program
Incremental
time
when
call:
Call another
Helical
.
.
.
.
.
.
83
84
74
75176
77178
39
Contour
Program
G98
G90
posItIon
posItion,
depth
next
point, w!th
approach
Tanqentlal
Strayght
line
Chamfer
Straight
line
Rounding
Straight
line
Circle center
Circle. incremental
Last contour
point.
to the workplece
compensation
absolute
Tangential
departure
End posltlon.
next to the workplece
Retract.
return to beginntng
of program
X-20
z-20
(RL)
Y-20
Y+O F200
G26 RI5
y+100
G24 R20
x+100
G25 R20
Y+25
I+100 J+O
GO3 G91 X-25
Y-25
GO1 G90 X+0 Y+O
G27 R15
GO0 G40 X-20
Z+lOO MO2
Y-20
separately
via the
MO6
Programming:
MO3
GO1 G41 X+0
be started
START key,
up to the
Ea
q
Programming
Er Editing
Part programs
They can also
V 24 interface
Test
Part programs
are tested
for loglcal
errors such as
machine
traverse
limit vlolatlons.
double
programnxng
of axes etc
can be entered.
be read-In
and
checked
read-out
and altered
via RS-232-Q
Test Graphics:
GRAPHICS
Part programs
are graphically
simulated
in plan “few.
projectIon
I” three plains
and 3D view. This test run IS
conducted
in the “full block”
and “sr@e
block”
operatlng modes
and IS started with the “START”
key on the
control
keyboard
Ef‘e<:tive
31OCI
< b,I
wjir ,. ‘?“d
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.