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Introduction Mauss is a tool for defining the sampling design for sample surveys on finite populations. It guarantees optimality criteria, flexibility and easy management for those who have the responsibility to design and conduct such surveys. It enables the user, once defined the objectives and the operational constraints of the survey, to choose the best sampling design between those obtained by adopting different definitions of the key features of the survey, such as the type of stratification, the desired accuracy of the estimates, the sample size, the type of domains of study, the variables of interest. The use of this software also ensures transparency, standardization and accuracy of the methods used. The current version of Mauss is an evolution of previous applications, developed in SAS. The design and development of these first versions is due to methodologists and IT developers (including among the first Marco Ballin, Claudia De Vitiis, Piero Demetrio Falorsi, Germana Scepi; in the second, together with Marco Ballin and Piero Demetrio Falorsi, also Daniela Pagliuca, Paolo Floris and Roberto Di Giuseppe). The decision to migrate the SAS version to R was taken as part of a strategy that tends to reduce the dependence on proprietary software and to ensure full portability of the tools developed by ISTAT. Moreover, new functions have been added, together with a more advanced interface. The development of the version described in this manual is due to Teresa Buglielli (Java interface for project management and execution modules), Daniela Pagliuca (implementation of the methodology in R) and Giulio Barcaroli (Chromy algorithm in Fortran).