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Common ambiguities: Logical conditions Incomplete set of logical conditions • If A and B then C. If A and not B then D – What about B and not A? Logical operators ambiguously grouped • If A and B or C then D – Is this (A and B) or C? Is it A and (B or C)? – Just because precedence orders are defined by convention doesn’t mean that the spec author, the spec reviewers, and the programmers know them Negation without explicit specification of scope • If not A and B then D – Is this (Not A) and B? Is it Not (A and B)? Is it Not-A and Not-B? There are plenty more of these. Look at any logic text. Developing Exploratory Testing Skills Copyright Kaner © 2006 75
