Download AWD10SS [obsolete] User Manual

AIRWIRE900 Decoder
TM
AIRWIRE
900
Model AW9D10SS - Split Supply Capable
Decoder layout and terminal identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Battery Hookup Options -- Single and Split Battery Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maximum power calculation guideline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Battery suppliers and battery life estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building your own battery packs -- internet battery supplier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plugs, jacks and other wiring aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Complete wiring schematic using DSX sound decoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Simplified installation guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor RFI component installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pictorial wiring diagrams and decoder output limitations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wiring Diagrams For Optional Sound Decoders (DSX, Sierra, Phoenix) . . . . . . .
Frequency selector settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customizing decoder operation with configuration variables (CV) . . . . . . . . . . . .
Checkout and operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fine tuning locomotive performance and operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installing remote frequency selector switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Resetting Decoder to factory defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Managing heat buildup and hot climate derating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power Through The Rail Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warranty information, Installation Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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15-22
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Back
A full color version of this booklet may be downloaded from the CVP website
Need Help? Contact Your Dealer/Installer First!
Should you have any questions regarding AirWire or instllations, your dealer is
your best source of information, tips and techniques. Also, almost all dealers will
do installations or can recommend good installers. It might take a little more time
cost a bit more, but you’ll be assured of an installation that works and works well.
WARNING
Fully charged batteries or battery packs may exceed their stated voltage by several
volts. When the decoder is configured for the low voltage option, the fully charged
battery pack must never exceed 18 volts. Measure a fully charged pack, prior to
use, to verify it is less than or equal to 18 volts.
WARNING
Decoder is shipped with J1 jumper off the posts. J1 must be off for high voltage
operation. Applying more than 18 volts to the decoder with J1 installed will
destroy the decoder.
AirWire, AirWire900, the stylized AirWire name and the logo are registered trademarks of CVP Products. © 2004-2005
1
AW9D10SS Decoder
Connections
TM1 - Battery and Motor Terminals
#6
+ Motor TerminalA
#5
+ Motor TerminalA
#4
Motor Terminal B
#3
Motor Terminal B
#2
Battery, Negative Input(-)
#1
Battery, Positive Input(+)
B1- B1+
6 5 4 3 2 1
TM1
Notes
J1 Voltage Option Jumper
Jumper J1 allows the decoder to use either
high or low battery voltage (single or
multiple batteries). For split-supply, high
voltage operation, remove jumper. Leave
jumper across the posts for low voltage,
single battery (up to 18V).
8
TM4
Beeper
Software Chip
Ô
#8
#7
#6
#5
#4
#3
#2
#1
1
Frequency Selector
Selects one of 8 operating frequencies.
The decoder must use the same
frequency as the throttle.
External Selector Switch Pads
An external frequency selector switch
may be wired in at this point. Limit the
wire length to about 6 inches. Do not
allow the wire near the antenna.
Installation of an external frequency
selector switch is discussed in another
section.
Antenna
Antenna is a short piece of #18 gauge stranded
wire. Do not cut or trim the length of the wire.
Best orientation is vertical.
J1
ON
J1 ON, across both posts for
single battery operation.
TM4 - Function Outputs
Battery, B2 Positive Input (+)
Used as B+ for lamps, smoke
not used
Auxiliary DCC OutputA
Auxiliary DCC Output B
Smoke Generator/Hi Current
Rear Backup light
Front Head light
Board Cut-Apart Location
The closely spaced holes allow the board
to be cut apart for mounting in unusual
spaces. An optional kit having sockets
and a special interconnect cable is
available to reconnect the two halves.
AIR
WIRE900SS
PLASTIC SIDE UP
#05001999
Dec 2005 r1.4
J1
OFF
J1 OFF the posts for split battery use. Either
position is OK.
2
Single Battery - Low Voltage Operation
Split Battery Supply - High Voltage Operation
Ensure that Jumper J1 is installed across the two posts. The maximum voltage for the
B1 battery is 18 volts. Do not exceed this value.
The decoder will support higher motor drive voltages up to 28 volts. For maximum
efficiency and longest battery life, the decoder uses a split supply design. This allows up to
28 volts to be delivered to the motor while a lower voltage feeds the remaining electronics.
Not only to you get longer battery life, but you now have many more battery and hookup
options.
When configured for a single battery, the decoder can accept a minimum of 6 volts, up to a
maximum of 18 volts at the battery input terminals, TM1, #1 and #2. Do not reverse
battery wires or decoder will be destroyed.
Jumper J1 Must Be Removed!
The B1 battery voltage can be as low as 6 volts but can not be any higher than 18 volts. For
sound decoders, a 12 volt battery works well. A lower voltage will result in lower sound
volume.
Jumper J1 must be removed when using split supplies. Applying more than 18 volts to
the decoder with J1 installed will destroy the decoder.
Always use a cutoff switch between the battery and the locomotive. The use of a cutoff
switch will insure that the battery is not discharged by the AirWire or sound decoders.
when not being used. The charging jack is normally connected directly to the battery.
However, it can also be connected with the fuse and/or switch if desired.
The wiring examples used in this manual show only two batteries, B1 and B2, for the split
battery option to emphasize that a center tap is needed from the battery pack. Using a pair of
12 volt batteries makes the mid-point tap between the two batteries equal to 12 volts. This is
perfect for most auxiliary decoders and provides a full 24 volts to drive the motor.
Battery packs, higher than 18 volts, and with only two connections, CAN NOT BE USED.
2
1
TM1-2
AIR
WIRE900SS
PLASTIC SIDE UP
#05001999
Notes
Notes
AIR
WIRE900SS
PLASTIC SIDE UP
#05001999
TM1-2
TM1-1
TM1-1
Charging
Jack
Battery +
B1
-
J1 Location
SPST Toggle
10A Fuse
or Slide Switch
slo-blo
Heavy Duty Wire
#18 or larger
Single Battery Operation Guidelines
1. Install Jumper J1. The decoder will not function without the jumper across the posts.
2. Do not use a battery voltage higher than 18 volts. Measure the fully charged battery or
battery pack to insure that it is less than 18 volts before using it. It is very common for low
cost chargers or faulty chargers to charge a battery to a higher voltage than the stated
battery value.
3. Always use a fuse and a master cutoff switch wired as shown in the suggested
diagram. Some diagrams omit these items for simplicity but they are always needed.
4. Heavy duty wire is required for battery connections. #18 AWG stranded wire is best
and please use two different colors.
5. Never reverse the polarity - even for an instant. The decoder will be damaged beyond
repair - and there is no warranty for this.
6. The maximum output current decreases linearly as the motor voltage increases. At
12 volts, the maximum current is 10Amps.At 18 volts, the maximum current is 7Amps.
3
TM4-8
Charging
Jack
+
Battery
B1 Battery
B2
+
-
Light Duty
#20 to #24 AWG
J1 Location
DPDT Toggle
or Slide Switch
Heavy Duty
#18 or larger
10A Fuse
slo-blo
Split Battery - High Voltage Operation Guidelines
1. Remove Jumper J1. Failure to remove the jumper will result in damage to the decoder
when used with the split battery option.
2. Do not allow the sum of the battery pack voltages to exceed 28 volts. With two
different battery inputs, there are many hookup options. For example, you may use a 14.4
volt battery for one source and a 12 volt battery for the second. The sum of these two
batteries is 26.4 which is within 28 volts. You can also use an 18 volt battery for one source
and a 6 volt battery. The sum of these two equals 24 volts which is acceptable. For most
applications, the use of two 12V rechargeable batteries provides 24 volts to the motor
which is more than enough for most railroads and load conditions. Also, using similar
batteries makes recharging easier. continued on next page
4
High Voltage Operation Guidelines - continued
Batteries and Battery Sources
3. Do not allow the low voltage battery to exceed 18 volts. In the above example with an
18 volt and a 6 volt battery, you may be tempted to use the 6V for the low voltage side which
is the minimum input for Proper AirWire operation. However, that may be too low for a
sound decoder. External sound decoder connected to the Auxiliary DCC output usually
require a minimum of 9 volts for proper operation. Anything from about 9 to 15 will work
fine.
Sealed Lead-Acid Gel-Cells
For simplicity, sealed, lead-acid 12 volt gel-cells, are mostly used as the power source in
this guide. Gel-cell batteries come in a variety of sizes and are easily obtained. The
following 12 volt Power-Sonic gel-cells are from the Mouser Electronics catalog 800346-6873 or www.mouser.com for online ordering.
3A. Minimum voltage for B2 is 6 volts. But, most sound decoders require minimum of 9
volts with 12 volts being optimum.
4. Batteries do not have to be the same voltage.
5.Always use a fuse and a master cutoff switch wired as shown in the suggested diagram.
Some diagrams omit these items for clarity but they are always needed. A double-poledouble-throw switch must be used to insure complete disconnection of the batteries.
6. Heavy duty wire is required for battery connections. #18 AWG stranded wire is best
and please use two different colors. The connection between the low voltage source and
TM4 pin 8, can be made with small gauge wire. Tin all wires. Cover all naked wire.
7. Never reverse the polarity of the wires at the decoder - not even for an instant. This
will result in instant decoder destruction. It can not be repaired. And there is no warranty
protection if this occurs.
8. Keep good records of your wiring. Will you remember how you wired up a locomotive
2 years from now?
9. Verify the locomotive motor rating is suitable for the voltage you will be using. Most
motors are rated at either 18 or 24 volts. Using a higher voltage on a lower voltage-rated
motor will cause it to overheat and shorten its life considerably.
10. The maximum available motor current decreases linearly as the motor voltage
increases. At 12 volts, the maximum current is 10 Amps. At 24 volts, the maximum current
is 5Amps. Take care not to exceed the maximum or decoder damage may occur.
11. You must use the proper charging system and connections. In general, the higher
the voltage, the more expensive the charger. If in doubt, talk to your battery supplier and
request their recommendations.
LxWxH (inches)
Part number
Rating
Price
Connector
7.01 x 1.34 x 2.36
547-PS1220
2.0Ahr
$17.85
0.187” Faston
7.01 x 1.34 x 2.36
547-PS1229
2.9Ahr
$22.35
0.187” Faston
3.54 x 2.76 x 3.98
547-PS1250F1
5.0Ahr
$16.00
0.187” Faston
3.82 x 1.62 x 2.00
547-PS1212
1.2Ahr
$15.65
0.187” Faston
An inexpensive 12V/500mA battery charger is also available from Mouser; part number
632-GHC125003S-A and sells for $17.74. It plugs into a wall outlet and comes with
alligator clips. If you want a 2.5mm plug on the charger (instead of alligator clips), order
Mouser part number 632-GHC125003S-P. It is the same price. Given this charger rating, a
2.0Ahr gel-cell battery will be fully charged in about 4 hours.
NiMH, Lithium and other Exotic Chemistry Batteries
Although these batteries provide higher levels of current and can be physically smaller,
they are more expensive. In addition, the proper charger must be used or the battery life will
be considerably shorter. If you have an interest in exploring the use of these batteries, visit
the website of “Only Battery Packs” at the following link:
www.onlybatterypacks.com
This company offers a large variety of pre-built battery packs, and individual cells to build
your own packs. They also sell a variety of battery chargers and wiring harnesses.
ONLYBATTERYPACKS
N88 W16475 MAIN STREET, SUITE 200
MENOMONEE FALLS, WI 53051 (262) 255-1615
12.It may be better to use multiple, lower voltage battery packs than one or two large
ones. The packs can be smaller and easier to fit into the locomotive. Also, smaller, lower
voltage battery packs can use lower cost chargers.
Battery Life - How Long Will Batteries Last?
Maximum Output Power Is 120 Watts
This question is usually the first question asked about the AirWire System. However, there
is no simple answer because the answer depends on many factors such as: battery capacity
and size, type of railroad, quality of the locomotive, ambient temperature, how the railroad
is operated, how many cars are pulled, how many hills and so on.
Independent of the motor voltage, the maximum output power is 120 Watts. To translate
this into maximum motor current in amps, divide 120 by the battery voltage.
Maximum Motor Current (Amps) = 120/ Battery Voltage
For example, a single 12 volt battery will provide 12 volts to the motor. The maximum
allowed motor current becomes 120/12 which is equal to 10Amps.
For a split supply the motor voltage is equal to the total battery voltage, but the equation is
the same. For a 24 volt motor voltage, the maximum current is 120/24 which is 5Amps.
5
A rough idea of the battery life can be determined by dividing the battery rating which is in
milliamp-hour (mAhr) or amp-hour (Ahr) by the motor current. For example, a battery
pack rated at 1000 mAhr (which is the same as 1 Ahr) will power a 1 amp motor for about 1
hour. If the motor current is 2A, the lifetime is half, or about 30 minutes.
For best results, use the highest amp-hour rated batteries that space permits. Minimize the
motor current by running slower, designing a railroad with minimum grades, limiting the
number of cars on a train, or using multiunit consists or helper locomotives.
6
Building Your Own Battery Packs
Building A Split Supply High Voltage Pack
“Sub-C” rechargeable batteries, available from the supplier listed on the battery sources
page, can be wired together to make a great battery pack. These cells come in different
amp-hour ratings and sizes. Always select cells having the same amp-hour or milli-amp
hour rating. NiMH or NiCad sub-C celsl are rated at about 1.2V.
To determine the number of batteries for a specific motor drive voltage, divide the desired
motor drive voltage by the cell rating which is 1.2 volts. Round up any fractions. For
example, a 14.2 volt pack will take 12 cells.
Be sure to obtain a charger capable of charging the number of cells in your home made
pack. The greater the number of cells, the more expensive the charger.
Connect the cells in series, elephant style, with the positive end connecting to the next
cell’s negative end. Wrap the cells with plastic tape to hold them together.
Be sure and use a switch and a fuse. Verify that you have the appropriate charger for the
number of cells being charged.
A single large battery pack can be built. Just add a tap at the desired point to feed the low
voltage input. Determining the number of cells is the same as for a low voltage pack.
SPST Toggle
or Slide Switch
+
The fuse, switch and charging jack are not shown for clarity. Be sure to include them.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
To TM1-1
10A Fuse
slo-blo
-
+
+
+
TM1-2
Ground/Minus
+
TM4-8
15.6V tap
+ TM1-1
20.4V motor voltage
+
20.4V Battery Pack
To TM1-2
-
Battery Cutoff Switch and
Fuse not shown
+
Charging
Jack 2.5mm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
The low-voltage tap may be placed at any location that provides between 9 and 16 volts.
The most common reason for using a higher voltage tap is to allow higher sound volumes
for the auxiliary sound decoder. However, the safe limit for most sound decoders is 16
volts. The example shows a 17 cell pack with a tap at the 15.6V location (13 cells x 1.2V).
Wiring Accessories - Plugs, Jacks and Cord Sets
14.4 Volt Battery Pack
Two home made packs can be built for a split-supply high voltage battery. You will need to
charge each pack separately. Or you can use a larger charger capable of handling all of the
batteries at once. For the example below, the charge must be rated for charging 20 cells. No
charging jack, switch or fuse is shown for clarity. Don’t forget to include them.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
B1+
TM1-1
From the Mouser Catalog - www.mouser.com
Description
72 inch cord, 20 gauge wire with right angle 2.5mm plug
72 inch cord, 18 gauge wire with straight 2.5mm plug
2.5mm threaded metal jack with long shank
2.5mm snap-in jack (thin wall plastic only)
2.5mm threaded metal jack with short shank
2.5mm plug (for making your own cord)
NEGATIVE - Outside
Battery Cutoff Switch and
Fuse not shown
12 Volt Battery Pack
12 Volt Battery Pack
2.5mm Plug
2.5mm Jack
+
172-4000
White Lettering
Outer conductor
Outer
7
POSITIVE - Center
B2+
TM4-8
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Part Number
172-4000
172-4001
163-4026
163-1061
163-1025
1710-2510
Ground
TM1-2
Center
White Dashed Line
Center + conductor
8
Complete Wiring Example
Another Type of Charger Jack
This diagram has a complete wiring schematic for a split-battery pack and includes cut-off
switches and jacks for two independent battery chargers and fuse protection. For this
hookup example, the two batteries may be different voltages and may use different battery
chargers.
Charger for B1
The Mouser power jack pictured may be used for both single and split power sources.
Wiring the jack is not difficult and the pictures show an internal view of the jack’s
construction, an equivalent schematic and the rear view of the jack, showing the terminals.
2
3
Charger jacks have the center pin as
the positive. You can charge each
battery one at a time, or use two
chargers.
B1
10A Fuse
Slo-blo
Charger for B2
2
2
3
1
1
Mouser Jack 163-4303
3
Rear view
Schematic
DPDT
Cut-off Switch
B1+
B2+
TM1-1
TM4-8
The cutoff switch turns off
all power to the decoder. It
must be in the off position
to allow charging of the
batteries.
Although a double-poledouble-throw (DPDT)
switch is shown, single
throw (DPST) is an
acceptable substitute.
GND TM1-2
To Motor
Notes
AIR
WIRE900SS
PLASTIC SIDE UP
#05001999
C
2
SPDT Switch
3
10A Fuse
Slo-blo
1
Charger
Jack
163-4303
+
-
-
TM1-2
+
TM1-1
Onboard
Battery
Consider Using Battery Cars
There is plenty of room for the decoder in a locomotive but the battery installation can be
tricky. For your first installation, we recommend the use of an external car to hold the
batteries. Battery cars are a convenient and easy way to power your locomotive. A battery
car contains only batteries, perhaps an on/off switch and a jack to which the locomotive is
connected.
TM4-4
TM4-5
black
red
Use External or
Internal Battery
OFF or Charge
To AirWire Decoder
Since this jack includes an switchable contact, here’s an example of how to hookup the
Mouser jack to automatically disconnect the onboard battery from the AirWire decoder so
that an external battery, or a charger can be plugged in. Since the onboard battery is
completely disconnected, the auxiliary battery car can have a different battery voltage.
B2
SPST
Switch
1
DSX Sound
Decoder
+
Purple
The SPST switch on the sound decoder input provides an easy way to disconnect the
sound without powering down the entire decoder. This switch is optional. The small
capacitor is required for the DSX decoder. See the DSX manual for additional options for
using the sound decoder.
9
A fleet of battery cars allow some to be charging while others are being used. Because of
the large amount of empty space in box cars, several batteries may be paralleled for longer
running time. Also, the jack used to connect the locomotive to the car, is the same jack used
to connect the charger.
The in-line fuse can be placed between the jack and the battery for protection against an
accidental short circuit. Make sure the fuse is rated at 10 Amps and it should be a slo-blow
style. The CVP fuse kit FK9 includes a 10 amp slo-blo fuse.
10
Simplified Installation Guidelines
Warning: Installation of the AirWire decoder does not require special tools.
However, you should be comfortable with soldering and have a general idea of
how your locomotive is wired, as it comes from the factory. If you are at all
uneasy about these procedures, your hobbyshop can suggest installers who can
do the job for you.
General Installation Guidelines
Before starting, you should have already decided on the location for the battery. Using a
battery car makes for the easiest installation. You should also have decided how the battery
car will connect to the locomotive. For this example the 2.5mm power cord and jack set
will be used.
1. Remove the locomotive shell to expose the wiring. This may require you to remove
several small screws that may be well hidden. If you encounter resistance when removing
the shell, STOP. There is likely a small screw that needs to be removed or plastic tab that
needs to be released. If you have questions, consult the locomotive manual or a friend that
is familiar with disassembling locomotives.
2. Locate the motor or motors and identify the motor wires. In the case where the motor is
mounted on the truck, there are usually 4 sets of wires. Two will go to the motor and two
will go to the track wipers. Only the motor wires are needed and the track wipers should be
removed. Also make sure the motor wires are disconnected from any electronics that may
be inside the locomotive shell. Some motor brush power connections may be tricky, like a
spring or interference fit with part of the chassis. Some locos pick up brush power from the
chassis through a spring. Examine the loco carefully to determine how power moves from
the track pickups to the motor.
If you intend to use the optional radio-frequency-interference (RFI) parts, now is the time
to mount them. For best results, mount them directly to the terminals of the motor. The
capacitor and resistor are not polarity sensitive and can be mounted in any orientation. Be
sure to insulate any bare leads with heatshrink tubing. These two parts serve to reduce the
electrical noise generated by the motor brushes. This noise might interfere with radio
reception, especially if there is a long distance between the locomotive and the throttle.
3. Locate a place to mount the AirWire decoder. This location should provide some airflow
for the power transistors near TM1. Mount the board using double-sided foam tape. Do not
cover the large black power transistors near TM1. Make sure the board does not touch
anything metal or it will be damaged. Mount the board so the large power transistors near
TM1 have adequate airflow; see the section of managing heat buildup. There are two large
black transistors on each side of the board. Under heavy loads these can become hot
enough to deform plastic.
4. After mounting, make sure the antenna is vertical for best reception. The antenna can be
bent such that it remains vertical if the board is mounted on its side. Keep the antenna away
from anything metal. Also, the antenna should be kept away from motors. It should not be
bent over the top of the decoder board.
The small antenna offers good range. For longer range, an optional longer rubber antenna
mounts in place of the standard wire antenna. See the instructions that come with the
optional antenna for mounting details
5. Begin the wiring by referring to the wiring diagram. When making wire connections
inside the loco, use the shortest length of wire that will do the job. After the
NEVER use RTV or other liquid adhesive to attach the decoder to the
frame. That material is conductive and will destroy the decoder. Use
only double-sided foam tape.
11
wires are attached and insulated with heat shrink sleeving, secure them so that repeated
removal and replacement of the locomotive shell won't pull the wires loose. The biggest
cause of decoder failure after initial installation is wires being pulled loose and shorted to
the frame when the shell is removed or replaced. Connect the motor terminals to TM1,
terminals 6 and 4 or to terminals 5 and 3. These sets of terminals are paralleled and either
set can be used.
Note: the + Motor output is the most positive output terminal, when the
throttle is set to forward, and usually connects to the motor’s + wire.
Use #18 gauge wire or larger. Always strip and tin the wire before inserting into the
terminals. Untinned wires will fray and short across to adjacent terminals and destroy the
board. Be neat with your wiring. Trim the wire to length. Fasten the wires out of the way
and make sure the trucks can rotate freely.
6. Connect the 2.5mm power cord to TM1 with the positive lead connecting to terminal 1
and the negative wire connecting to terminal 2. Use an ohmmeter to determine which wire
is connected to the center pin of the plug. Do not guess! Do not accidentally reverse the
wires or the board will be destroyed. No protection diodes are used so that full battery
voltage is delivered to the motor.
We strongly recommend that you use the center pin of the plug or jack to be
connected to the positive terminal of the battery.
7. The headlight outputs are simple switches that apply battery voltage to the lamps when
configured for a single low voltage battery. When configured for high-voltage split supply,
the battery voltage connected to TM4 pin 8 will be the same as on TM4-7. Do not connect
to your factory supplied locomotive lights unless you are sure the lamps have the same
voltage rating as the battery. Connect the lamps as shown in the hookup diagram. Note
that they share a common wire to TM4. Small wires may be used since the lamp current is
relatively low. The lamp drivers are rated at 1.5 amp and are protected against short
circuits and overloads.
8. If using an optional sound decoder, make sure that the manufacturers installation
instructions are followed. The sound decoder wires labeled track or power connect to TM4
terminals #4 and #5. The wires labeled speaker, connect to the speaker. It may be useful to
install an on/off switch in series with one of the sound decoder input wires.
9. The smoke generator output is designed for the high current loads typically found in
large scale smoke generators. The driver is rated at 2.5 amps and is protected against
overloads and short circuits. The driver provides a simple switch to battery minus when
activated. Always insure the smoke generator voltage rating matches the battery voltage.
Use #18 gauge wire. If your smoke generator has a polarity indicator, connect the +
terminal to TM4, pin 7, which is the battery + voltage.
10. Before reinstalling the shell, double check all wiring and then test the locomotive for
proper operation.
Here’s a trick the professionals use to avoid stripping the threads in the soft
plastic when reassembling the chassis and shell. Insert the screw into the hole.
Turn the screw counter-clockwise (in other words, unscrew it) until it drops into
the hole. This aligns the screw threads with the threads in the plastic. Now
tighten until snug but do not over tighten.
The pictorials on the next couple of pages highlight the key points and limitations for the
various connection options.
12
Motor Hookup and RFI Components
+
10 ohm
104
0.1uF
Lamp Wiring Examples
M
If the motor rotates the wrong direction, reverse the two motor wires. For improved
reception, mount the included radio frequency interference (RFI) components as close as
possible to the motor. The RFI components prevent motor noise from interfering with the
radio receiver which reduces its effective range. Cover any exposed wire and leads.
The maximum output rating for the lamp drivers is 1.5 Amps. The drivers are protected
against overloading and overheating. The drivers will shut down if there rating is
exceeded and will resume normal operation when the fault has been corrected. The
Decoder includes automatic headlight reversing. Headlights are turned on and off with the
throttle’s 0 key. Two terminals on TM4, #7 and #8, provide convenient location for
connections to battery + voltage. If using split batteries, B1 and B2, the lamps and other
auxiliary loads are driven by the B2 battery.
Standard 12-18 Volt Incandescent bulbs: Using bulbs that have the same voltage rating
of the battery greatly simplifies installation. Multiple bulbs may be powered from a
decoder’s lamp output by wiring the bulbs in parallel. Use and select incandescent bulbs
carefully. Inexpensive bulbs can run very hot and draw a large amount of current. This can
result in damage to plastic and shortened battery life.
Smoke Generator Wiring
The smoke unit must be rated for the
selected battery voltage appearing on pin
7. The smoke generator output is a simple
switch that connects battery voltage to an
#3
optional, external, smoke generator.
Smoke
Activation is with the throttle’s 6 key, also
Generator
called F6. The maximum output current is
+
2.5 amps. The output is protected against
overloads and short circuits.
If the smoke generator is polarized, connected the + terminal to the TM4,
pin 7. Remember that when the smoke generator is turned on, the battery
life will be less. Always turn off the smoke generator when not used or
when no fluid is present to avoid damage to the generator.
#7
Headlamp Wiring
#7
RearLight
The throttle’s ‘0’ key
turns on the lights
#2
Headlight
#1
The lamp voltage source from TM4 pin 7, depends on the type of battery
source you are using. See the boxed item below for details.
A maximum current of 1.5 amps can be supplied by the lamp drivers. The
bulb drivers are protected against short circuits, overload and overheating.
The throttle’s 0 key, also called F0, activates the lamps and the direction
key determines which one is on. To always have both lamps on,
independent of direction, connect pins #1 and #2 together.
With J1 across the posts, the lamp voltage source( TM4-7) is equal to
the battery voltage. With J1 off the posts and split batteries are used,
the B2 voltage rating is the voltage for lamps and smoke generator.
13
FWD TM4-1
FWD TM4-1
REV TM4-2
B+ TM4-8
B+ TM4-8
1.5 Volt Bulbs: Miniature, 1.5 volt bulbs must use a series limit resistor. A single limit
resistor may be used as shown. This assumes that only one lamp is on at a time. Lower
resistance values will increase the lamp brightness but shorten the life of the bulb. For best
results, use the highest resistance compatible with bulb visibility.Always know the ratings
of the bulb to be used.
Bulb Rating B+ R Value/Watt
1.5V/30mA
12V 360 1/2W
“
18V 560 1/2W
FWD TM4-1
1.5V/50mA
12V 220 1/2W
REV TM4-2
“
18V 330 1 W
Resistor
B+ TM4-8
Light Emitting Diodes - LED: These come in all colors including white. They are very
bright, run cool and have a have very long life. The LED operates from low voltage and
always requires a series limit resistor. The value of the limit resistor depends on the battery
voltage, the LED color and the desired brightness. Most color LEDs, are typically at full
brightness with 20mA (0.02A) of current. LEDs are polarity sensitive and must be
oriented properly to work. Lead length is used to indicate polarity. The longest lead is
typically connected to the positive supply.
FWD TM4-1
REV TM4-2
B+ TM4-8
Resistor
Color
White
All others
White
All others
B+
12V
12V
18V
18V
R Value/Watt
460 1/4w
510 1/4w
750 1/2w
910 1/4w
For locomotives to have both front and rear lights on at the same time: Connect the
FWD and REV outputs together. This allows the lamp to remain on, independent of the
direction. The throttle’s 0 key turns the lamps on and off. Calculate a new resistor value
using the following formula:
R ( in ohms) = [Battery Voltage] - [bulb voltage] ¸ [bulb current rating in Amps]
R wattage minimum = R x [bulb current]2
14
Using The DCC Booster Output
optional
switch
red
#5
#4
black
DSX Sound
Decoder
The AirWire900 decoder provides an auxiliary 1 amp DCC-Booster
output suitable for driving NMRA-DCC compatible decoders. Sound
decoders and function decoders are the most common users of this output,
but any compatible DCC decoder may be used.
! The maximum load supplied by the booster output is 1Amp
! The DCC voltage (track voltage) is set by the B2 voltage
! The output is not protected against overloads or short circuits
Using An External Sound or Function Decoder
In normal operation, the external decoder and the Airwire900 decoder have the same
address. When a throttle function key is pressed, such as F2, the command is sent to the
external decoder and is ignored by the AirWire motor decoder. Only F0 and F6 are
responded to by the AirWire decoder. F0 controls the headlights and F6 controls the
smoke unit.
The simplest and lowest cost sound decoder is the DSX Sound Decoder from Soundtraxx.
Simply connect the DSX track wires, the red and black wires, to the Auxiliary DCC
outputs, #4 and #5 of TM4.An on-off switch can also be included as shown. Connect the
purple wires to the speaker. If the DSX doesn’t accept programming, reverse the red and
black wires.
Never allow the speaker wires to connect to the power input wires or the decoder will be
damaged.
Always follow the instructions supplied with the sound decoder.
Programming Sound/Function Decoder Address
To program the external decoder’s address, first connect the sound decoder to the AirWire
decoder. Set the frequency to match the throttle’s frequency and turn on power to both.
AIRWIRE and DSX Diesel Hookup
Red
4
5
5
4
3
2
1
DSX
Purple
Purple
The DSX decoder is limited
to a maximum of 18 volts
+
+
Capacitor
47-100uF/16V
The red and black wires from the DSX decoder always connect to the AirWire decoder at
terminals TM4-4 and TM4-5. However, if you discover the DSX decoder doesn’t
program, reverse the red and black wires.
The two purple wires go to the speaker with a capacitor connected in series with the purple
wire from pin 4 of the DSX module (closest to the red wire). The other capacitor lead
connects to the plus speaker terminal. If your DSX decoder comes with a “bi-polar”
capacitor, polarity doesn’t matter. Small wire may be used for these connections.
When using the Chuff-CAM brown wire, the return wire from the wheel/frame goes to
TM4-5. If the CAM input doesn’t work, move the return wire to TM4-4.
DSX Steam Hookup
5
4
3
2
1
DSX
Use Service Mode programming and set both the AirWire decoder and the external
decoder to the desired address. See the throttle manual for detailed instructions.
Customizing Sound/Function Decoder CVs
Once the external decoder has its desired address programmed, you may now use OPS
mode programming to customize the various CVs. Remember that you must always use
the appropriate locomotive address in order to transmit the programming commands to
the proper locomotive.
The AirWire decoder is not affected by OPS programming directed to the external
decoder’s CVs.
Please refer to the appropriate sound/function decoder installation and operation manual
for detailed instructions.
15
+
Brown
See DSX manual for more details and options.
+
DSX Pinout
End View
1
Black
Purple
2
3
Brown
Purple
4
5
Red
16
Sierra Sound System Hookup - Single Supply 12V Max*
Sierra Sound System Hookup - Split Supply
This hookup diagram shows the required connections between the AirWire decoder, an
auxiliary function decoder, the battery and the Sierra module. Not shown are such items as
the speaker, lamps and other extra wiring. See the Sierra instructions for how to connect
these items.
With this simple hookup, the maximum battery voltage is 12 volts which is what Soundtrax
recommends for their module. Using higher voltages can cause excessive heating.
Jumper J1 is across the posts on theAirWire decoder.
TM1
Notes
AIR
WIRE900SS
PLASTIC SIDE UP
#05001999
6
4
B1 Battery
9 to 12 Volts*
2
+
1
TM4
4 5
J1
Battery Cutoff Switch
and Fuse not shown
Power Switch
(Optional)
Any Brand Function Decoder
Lenz/Digitrax/TCS**
F1- White
F2- Yellow
F3- Green
F4- Purple
WARNING
Soundtrax no longer recommends the use
of the Sierra Sound System in battery
powered locomotives if the battery voltage
exceeds 18 volts due to excessive heat
dissipation in the sound decoder .
CVP recommends the use of the Soundtrax
DSX decoder or any of the Phoenix sound
systems when using greater than 18 volt
power sources.
** See appropriate manuals for
decoder options, details and
limitations.
+
Red
Black
White
Yellow
Green
Violet
Blue
To AirWire Decoder TM4-4
DCC Input
To AirWire Decoder TM4-5
DCC Input
To Sierra Terminal 13
F1
To Sierra Terminal 14
F2
To Sierra Terminal 15
F3
To Sierra Terminal 16
F4
do not use - remove or insulate end
#18 Wire Minimum
#24 Wire
17
Maximum Battery Voltage
12 Volts*
* Changed from 18V
at the request of
Soundtrax
18
Phoenix 2K2 Sound Hookup - Single Supply 18V Max
Phonenix 2K2 Sound Hookup - Split Supply
This hookup diagram shows the required connections between the AirWire decoder, the
battery and the 2K2 module. The programming switch is used to disconnect the sound
module during AirWire decoder programming if necessary. Normally this switch is ON.
See the 2K2 installation manual for programming information and detailed instructions for
the remaining connections.
This is similar to the single supply except two batteries are used with the 2K2 module fed
from the center tap between the two batteries. With this hookup, motor voltage can be as
high as 24 volts. See the 2K2 manual for more details about using the 2K2. Note that two 12
volt batteries are used.
With this simple hookup, the maximum battery voltage is 18 volts.
TM1
6
4
2
1
TM4
4
5
Battery Cutoff Switch and
Fuse not shown
B1 Battery
APLASTIC
IRWIRESIDE
900SS
UP
#05001999
Notes
Notes
APLASTIC
IRWIRESIDE
900SS
UP
#05001999
Jumper J1 is removed from the posts on the AirWire decoder.
Don’t forget to remove it. Failure to remove the jumper will destroy
the decoder.
TM1
6
4
2
+
1
J1
TM4
4 57 8
+
B2 Battery
12 Volts
+
B1 Battery
12 Volts
J1
Battery Cutoff Switch and
Fuse not shown
2K2 Setup
MTS . . . . . . . . . Disabled
Max current . . . 975mA
2K2 Setup
MTS . . . . . . . . . Disabled
Max current . . . 975mA
Program Switch
(Optional)
Program Switch
(Optional)
1
#18 Wire Minimum
#24 Wire
19
+
8
Maximum Battery Voltage
18 Volts
1
#18 Wire Minimum
#24 Wire
+
8
Maximum Battery Voltages
B1+B2 = 28 Volts
B2 = 18 Volts
20
Phoenix BIG-SOUND 96/97 - Single Supply 18V Max
Phoenix BIG-SOUND 96/97 - Split Supply 24V Max
This hookup diagram shows the required connections between the AirWire decoder, the
battery and the Big-Sound 96/97 module. See the Phoenix installation manual for detailed
instructions for the remaining connections.
This is similar to the single supply except two batteries are used with the sound module fed
from the center tap between the two batteries. With this hookup, motor voltage can be as
high as 24 volts. See the Phoenix manual for more details about using the module features..
With this simple hookup, the maximum battery voltage is 18 volts.
Note that two 12 volt batteries are used. The sum of the two battery voltages must not
exceed 24 volts or damage will occur to the sound module.
Jumper J1 is across the posts on theAirWire decoder.
TM1
4
2
1
4
5
B1
Battery
+
TM4
4 57 8
J1
+
4
1
J1
Red-Track
Black-Track
Any Brand Function Decoder
Lenz/Digitrax/TCS
Maximum Battery Voltage
18 Volts
6
2
Note: other wires may be present on the
decoder and are not used
Red-Track
Black-Track
Any Brand Function Decoder
Lenz/Digitrax/TCS
Note: other wires may be present on the
decoder and are not used
B1 Battery
12 Volts
+
Maximum
B1+B2 Battery Voltage
24 Volts
Power Switch
(Optional)
Power Switch
(Optional)
21
APLASTIC
IRWIRESIDE
900SS
UP
#05001999
B2 Battery
12 Volts
Battery Cutoff Switch and
Fuse not shown
TM4
Jumper J1 is removed from the posts on theAirWire decoder.
TM1
Notes
Notes
APLASTIC
IRWIRESIDE
900SS
UP
#05001999
6
Battery Cutoff Switch and
Fuse not shown
Green-F3
Yellow-F2
White-F1
#18 Wire Minimum
#24 Wire
Green-F3
Yellow-F2
White-F1
#18 Wire Minimum
#24 Wire
22
Frequency Selector Settings
CVs, Options and Default Values
The decoder and throttle much be set to the same frequency. Each throttle/decoder pair
must be on a unique frequency so as not to jam other throttles and decoders. Any frequency
can be used. Use the illustrations to ensure that the decoder and throttle have matching
frequencies. Notice that the small arrow on the decoder’s selector switch points at the
frequency number. The frequency can changed at any time and the new setting takes affect
immediately. In the drawings below, the white square is the slider portion of the switch. For
the T9000 throttle, use the frequency number from 0 to 7.
Note, if using a remote frequency selector, set the selector switch on #0.
Decoder
RF1300 Throttle
Decoder
RF1300 Throttle
7 0 1
2
6
5 4 3
ON
Frequency 0 - 921.37MHz
Use 0 when using remote selector
7 0 1
2
6
5 4 3
ON
Frequency 1 - 919.87MHz
7 0 1
2
6
5 4 3
ON
Frequency 2 - 915.37MHz
7 0 1
2
6
5 4 3
ON
Frequency 3 - 912.37MHz
7 0 1
2
6
5 4 3
ON
Frequency 4 - 909.37MHz
7 0 1
2
6
5 4 3
ON
Frequency 5 - 907.87MHz
7 0 1
2
6
5 4 3
ON
Frequency 6 - 906.37MHz
7 0 1
2
6
5 4 3
ON
Frequency 7 - 903.37MHz
Beware of Other Transmitters
The AirWire receiver operates in an unlicenced band shared by many other transmitters.
These transmitters can and will create interference, intermittent throttle operation or
complete failure of one or more of your throttle’s 8 frequencies. The sources of these
external interfering signals can be from your own home or from adjacent homes and
businesses. They can also be from other CVP wireless throttles and controllers.
Here's a list of devices known to have cause interference problems to AirWire900
equipment: wireless devices attached to computers, TV/Radio/Entertainment-center,
remote controls, cordless telephones, alarm systems, baby monitors, unlicenced personal
communication devices, lawn sprinkler controllers, remote starter switches, cordless light
switches, outdoor lighting controllers, toys, wireless headphones, and games. Of course, if
you have additional wireless throttles, make sure each is on its own frequency. Two
throttles on the same frequency will jam each other.
If you find a strong interfering signal on one or more of your frequencies, don’t use those
frequencies. Simply select another, different frequency.
The AirWire locomotive decoder is a combination radio receiver and decoder. It has
several user changeable options that serve to improve locomotive performance or select
specific actions during operation on your railroad. Each option will be discussed first and
the predefined default value is shown in brackets. The maximum value allowed follows.
You can use these without any changes or change them to customize your locomotive’s
performance. These options are stored inside the decoder and can be changed at any time.
These options are called CVs and since there is more than one, a number follows to indicate
which CV is being referenced.
CV1 - LocomotiveAddress
[3] 1-9999 Just like your house number, each
locomotive needs a unique address. A handheld throttle set to the same address will send
commands only to the specified locomotive. That way your locomotive can be controlled
without other locomotives listening in. Each locomotive should have its own address. As
delivered from the factory, each decoder always has the same default address. Most users
decide to use the locomotive number, easily seen on the side of the locomotive, as the
address. The address can be any number from 1 to 9999.
CV2 - Motor Starting Voltage
[0] 0 to 255 This is the voltage applied to the motor
in speed step 1. You can change this value so the locomotive receives a higher voltage at
speed step 1. The default is 0 which means the motor starting voltage begins at 0 volts.
CV3 - MotorAcceleration Rate
[2] 0 to 255 Sets the rate of change of speed upon
acceleration. A higher value leads to a slower acceleration. The default value of 2 means
there is a couple of seconds of delay when the speed is increased.Avalue of 0 or 1 is OK.
CV4 - Motor Deceleration Rate
[2] 0 to 255 Sets the rate of change of speed upon a
decrease in throttle speed. A higher value causes the stopping time to increase which leads
to longer time before the locomotive eventually come to a stop. The default value of 2
means there is a couple of seconds of delay when the speed is decreased.
If CV3 or CV4 are set to 0 or 1, a special failsafe feature is activated. If you
accidentally change locomotive direction, without first setting the speed control to
0, the decoder will insert a value of 2 in both CVs in order to prevent damage to the
motor or gears. If this feature is activated, the user defined values of 0 or 1 can be
reloaded by momentarily turning off decoder power. We strongly recommend that
the value be set to 2 or higher.
CV5 - Maximum Motor Voltage [0] to 255
Sets the maximum voltage applied to
the motor when the throttle is full on. A value of 0, 1 or 255 will always guarantee that full
battery voltage is applied to the motor. The default value is 0. Some examples of values and
the resulting top speed, expressed as a percentage of the maximum speeds are shown
below. Adjust the values to suit your requirements. However, as the top speed is decreased,
there will also be a decrease in the amount of pulling power available from your
locomotive.
CV5 Value
% of Top Speed
0 or 1 or 255
220
190
127
95
100% [indicates CV5 is not used]
80%
70%
50%
38%
continued on next page
23
24
AW9D10SS CVs and Default Values
CVs, Options and Default Values continued
CV6 - Mid Point Speed Value
[0] to 255
Sets the amount of
voltage applied to the motor when the throttle is set at the 50% point or half way between
off and full on. The combination of CV5 and CV6 makes speed adjustments and speed
matching locomotives easy.
CV 8 - Reset Loco to Defaults
[ n/a ]
Sending a value of 135 resets all CVs
to the factory default value. This can be done at any time. However, remember that the
default address is 3.
CV#
CV11 - Loss of Signal Timer
[ 0 ] to 255 Determines the amount of time the
locomotive will continue to run once the throttle commands are no longer received. There
may be several reasons for this to occur. For example, you may have changed the throttle’s
address to control another loco. Or, perhaps the locomotive is out of range of the throttle or
perhaps the throttle has been turned off. Divide the value by two to determine the number
of seconds before the locomotive stops. For example, a value of 20 means the locomotive
will stop 10 seconds after it no longer is receiving throttle commands . The default value is
0 which means the locomotive will maintain its last received command forever; the timer
never “times out.”
CV29 - Decoder Setup
CV29 - Decoder Setup [2] 0 to 51 This is a multipurpose CV whose value sets several
options at once. To use the table at the bottom of page 16, select the line having the options
setup that you wish to use. Load the CV29 value shown. Remember that the short or long
address is automatically set and should not be loaded manually.
Motor Direction: Allows the motor direction to be reversed from default. This is handy if
you discover the motor runs in the wrong direction and do not wish to disassemble the
chassis to physically reverse the motor wires. Changing the electrically reverses the motor
wires for you. The default is “normal.”
# Steps: Sets the decoder to provide either 14 or 28 speed steps from off to full power. The
default is 28 steps.
Speed Table: There are two separate speed tables in the decoder; standard and custom.
The standard is the default speed table and is permanent. The custom table is one that you
can load using CV programming and enable with CV29. There are 28 entries allowed in
the custom table. Working with the custom table is discussed later. The default is the
standard table.
Address: This tells the decoder if the address range is from 1 to 99 which is called a short
address, or from 100 to 9999 which is called a long address. The default is a short address.
When a long address is used, this value is automatically changed. To use this table, select
the line that has the options desired and load the value into CV29.
Service Mode programming is the only form of programming understood
by theAirWire decoder.
Service Mode programming will program both the AirWire decoder and
the decoder connected to the auxiliary DCC outputs.
25
Function
Default
1
LocomotiveAddress
Address
3
2
Motor Starting Voltage
MSV
0
3
Acceleration Rate
ACCL
2
4
Deceleration Rate
DECL
2
5
Maximum Voltage
Vmax
1
6
Midpoint Voltage
Vmid
1
8
Reset to factory defaults
RESET
n/a
11
Loss of Signal Timer
Packet Timeout
0
17
ExtendedAddress
Automatic - do not use
0
18
ExtendedAddress
Automatic - do not use
0
29
Decoder Setup
See below and page 14
2
67- 94
Custom Speed Table
See page 20 and 21
-
CV29 options and settings
See the explanations on page 12 for definitions and uses for the various CV29
values. Boxed entry is the default setting and the factory reset setting.
Address
Short
Short
Short
Short
Short
Short
Short
Short
Long
Long
Long
Long
Long
Long
Long
Long
Speed Table
Standard
Standard
Standard
Standard
Custom
Custom
Custom
Custom
Standard
Standard
Standard
Standard
Custom
Custom
Custom
Custom
# Steps
14
14
28
28
14
14
28
28
14
14
28
28
14
14
28
28
Motor Direction
Normal
Reversed
Normal
Reversed
Normal
Reversed
Normal
Reversed
Normal
Reversed
Normal
Reversed
Normal
Reversed
Normal
Reversed
CV29 Value
0
1
2
default
3
16
17
18
19
32
33
34
35
48
49
50
51
26
Checkout And Operation
Simplified Checkout ofAirWire Decoder
1. Set frequency selector on decoder to match frequency set in throttle.
2. Turn on battery power to decoder.
3. Confirm that throttle is set to the matching frequency
4. Turn on throttle’s power switch.
5. Set address on throttle to 3 by pressing # 3 #.
6. Turn up speed control, and loco will run.
7. Turn on the headlights by pressing the 0 key. The lights feature automatic reversing and
will follow the direction key, even if the locomotive is stopped.
Take Care When Programming TheAirWire Decoder
Service mode programming is the only form of programming supported by the AirWire
decoder. This form of programming will program the AirWire decoder AND any other
decoder connected to the Auxiliary DCC output terminals. In addition, since the
programming is received via the throttle’s transmitter, any other decoders, that are on and
sharing the same frequency also will be programmed, regardless of their assigned address.
Setting Up The Decoder - Service Mode Programming
Turn on power to the locomotive. Pick an easy to remember locomotive address. The
locomotive number is typically used, or perhaps just the the last two digits of the
locomotive number. For a limited number of locomotives, just the last digit is sufficient.
Make sure it will be unique. Use service mode programming to set the address. Do not use
OPS mode programming.
Changing CV Values for the motion decoder is best done with Service mode programming.
The chart on page 16 shows the various CVs available for controlling the locomotive’s
performance.
Resetting Decoder To Factory Defaults
If nothing seems to work, try resetting the decoder back to the factory defaults. This is done
by writing a value of 135 into CV 8 and turning the battery power off then back on. All
CVs, including the address are reset to the factory defaults shown in the CV table.
Programming the Sound DecoderAddress
Always program the address for the sound decoder the same time as you program the
locomotive decoder. If you have installed a cut-off switch, make sure it is turned on and the
sound decoder is powered before changing the address.
Fine Tuning Sound Decoders
Use OPS mode programming to fine tune the CVs of a sound decoder.
Service Mode programming will program both the AirWire decoder and
the decoder connected to the auxiliary DCC outputs.
27
Fine Tuning Locomotive Performance
Any or all of the available configuration variables (CVs) may be used, alone or in
combination, to change how a locomotive responds to throttle commands: Motor Starting
Voltage (MSV), Acceleration (Inertia) delay (ACCL), Deceleration (Momentum) delay
(DECL), and loading a custom speed table.
MSV [CV#2] - This is the voltage applied to the motor in speed step number 1. Set this
value so that the locomotive begins to creep in speed step 1. Higher values for this CV
result in higher voltages applied to the motor.
ACCL [CV#3] - This determines the rate of change of speed upon an increase in throttle
speed. Higher values result in slower rate of change - more inertia. For example with a
very high value, moving the throttle from OFF to mid-range, will result in the locomotive
not moving for a very long time, and when it does begin moving, its speed increase will be
extremely gradual.
DECL [CV#4] - This determines the rate of change of speed upon a decrease in throttle
speed. Higher values result in slower rate of change - more momentum. For example with
a very high value, moving the throttle from mid-range to OFF, will result in the
locomotive not stopping for a very long time, and when it does begin to slow, its speed
decrease will be extremely gradual.
Speed Step Selection - The speed step setting is used to determine the number of steps
between off and full on. Your decoder supports 3 different types of speed step settings, 14,
28 and 128. The 14 and 28 step options requires the programming of CV29. The third does
not involve the decoder and is set by the throttle.
Once the selection is made, the motor starting voltage, the acceleration rate and
deceleration rate CVs are used to smoothly transition between each step. However, if
these two CVs are both set to zero, each speed step change will be abrupt and noticeable.
The 128 Speed Step Option can be considered “direct drive” where you have direct
control of the locomotive speed. CV2 and CV 3 and CV4 are used when in the 128 speed
step mode. When 128 speed step mode is in use, CV5 and CV6 are not used.. You may
change between the 128 speed step mode and 14/28 mode, which is done at the throttle,
without reprogramming the locomotive decoder.
Failsafe Operation - If your locomotive goes out of range of the throttle or the throttle is
no longer transmitting, you can set the locomotive to either continue running or stop after
a preset amount of time. The timer range is 0.5 seconds to 128 seconds. A value of zero
means the locomotive runs forever, or until the battery runs down.
If CV11 = 0 this selects continuous operation. In other words, the locomotive continues to
operate at the last received speed command forever. The assumption is that it will
eventually come back into range of the locomotive. Another reason to use continuous
running is because you want to control several trains with a single throttle. Changing the
throttle’s address to control a new address means the original address is no longer being
used. This is the same as turning the throttle off or going out of range. With the decoder set
to operate continuously, the locomotive will continue to run at the last received speed
command. To regain control, first set the speed knob and direction close to the
locomotive’s current speed and then select the new address.
If CV11 value is not equal to zero, then the locomotive will come to a smooth halt after
the timer value counts down to zero.
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Custom Speed Table Entries
Using CV5 and CV6
100%
#1: Slow Speed Switching
CV5 = 160 CV6 = 0
This sets the top speed to about
60% of maximum which is
ideal for slow speed switching
operations. CV6 is set to 0
which means it isn’t used.
#2: Expanded Low Speed
CV5 = 0, CV6 = 190
Using this setting allows the
slow speed area to be stretched
out beyond the 50% point on
the throttle. This is handy for
providing finer slow speed
control without limiting the top
speed at full throttle. CV5 is set
to 0 which means it isn’t used.
50%
% Motor Voltage
#1
OFF
OFF
#2
The thin line is the default
linear speed curve when CV5
and CV6 are both 0.
50%
100%
% Throttle Rotation
Custom Speed Table Examples
% Motor Voltage
There are 28 separate CVs that are used to hold a custom speed table. Each entry represents
a single speed step that is sent to the locomotive. Values are between 0 and 255 with 0
being off and 255 being 100% full speed. There is no error checking done on this table and
whatever values are
100%
loaded are used when
A
CV29 is set to use the
custom table. This feature
is used for special
occasions and in most
installations, is not used.
However, it is included for
those who wish to
customize the locomotive
50%
response to speed
lt
commands. Two examples
u
a
are shown, A and B. The
ef
D
actual values are on page
B
18. Use the provided
columns to record your
entries. Programming is
discussed in the throttle
operation manual.
OFF
OFF
29
50%
% Throttle Rotation
CV#
STEP
DEFAULT
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
10
19
28
37
46
55
64
73
82
91
100
109
118
128
137
146
155
164
173
182
191
200
209
218
231
237
255
255
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
A
10
50
87
109
121
135
150
167
180
191
200
209
215
220
225
229
233
237
240
243
246
248
250
252
253
237
254
255
B
YOURS
YOURS
YOURS
0
2
4
6
10
12
15
17
20
25
28
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
115
125
140
160
180
200
225
255
Installing Remote Frequency Selector Switches
To allow the use of an external selector frequency selector switch, a set of terminals, TM2,
are provided on the decoder. The simplest way to make connections is to use a length of 4
conductor ribbon cable. Keep the wire as short as possible and don’t exceed about 6
inches. For simplicity, a set of 3 miniature slide switches are shown. However, any type of
switch can be used including another rotary
ON
switch similar to the one on the board.
Be sure to set the on-board selector switch
to setting # 0 or the remote switches will not
work.
SW3
SW2
SW1
100%
30
Troubleshooting
This section is written assuming the locomotive was originally responding and working
properly. In most cases, the cause will be something simple or down right silly. More than
once we have helped users discover the power switch on the throttle. The other obvious
problem is a dead battery.
No Operation, decoder doesn’t respond to throttle
1. Use voltmeter to confirm battery is connected and is providing voltage to the terminals
of the decoder. The positive battery lead must be connected to terminal 1 of TM1. If you
discover the polarity is reversed, the decoder will be destroyed and can not be repaired.
2. If voltage is present, next check that the throttle and the decoder are set to matching
frequencies.
3. If frequencies are properly set, set the throttle to the locomotive address. If this is the first
use of the decoder, set the throttle to address 3. With the throttle turned on, push #, 3, then #
to set it.
4. If decoder doesn’t respond, try resetting it to factory defaults using the procedure
described in the throttle’s operation manual.
Locomotive Runs Opposite of Direction Indicator
This is caused by motor wires being reversed. Swap the two motor wires at terminal TM1.
Don’t use CV29 to electronically reverse the wires because the headlights will be
backward to the locomotive’s movement.
Locomotive Runs Slower or Can Not Pull Many Cars
Assuming your battery is fully charged, this problem might be the result of comparing your
old power pack voltage to the battery voltage. Your old power pack probably provided a
higher voltage than the battery. The battery voltage sets the top locomotive speed and the
pulling power. You can increase the battery voltage by using the split battery option for
more pulling power.
Battery Runs Down Quickly
Battery life is directly related to how much current is consumed by the locomotive and
other attached loads such as sound decoders, lamps and smoke generators. Also, garden
railroad locomotives require high levels of current when starting or climbing hills. All of
these conditions can shorten the running time. A simple solution is to use high amp-hour
rated batteries. The downside is the extra weight. The choice is yours and only you can
decide
Limited Range
In addition to suspecting a weak battery, confirm that the antenna is oriented properly and
has not come in contact with metal, or become bent or pinched. Best range occurs when the
antenna is outside of any enclosure, especially metal. Consider using the optional external
antenna for optimum, long range reception. Also see page 23 for a discussion about
interfering signals and consider trying another frequency.
Resetting AirWire Deocoder To Factory Defaults
Using the RF1300 Throttle
Follow these steps to reset your AirWire Decoder to its original factory defaults using the
originalAirWire Throttle:
1. It is recommended that only the AirWire decoder to be reset be powered. All other
AirWire decoders that “hear” the reset command will also be reset. Although sound and
other auxiliary DCC decoders should not be affected, there is no guarantee. So, disconnect
or disable all other decoders before proceeding.
2. Verify that the throttle and decoder frequencies are matched. Verify that the decoder to
be reset is powered on.
3. Turn off throttle’s power switch.
4. Push and hold the 9 key.
5. Turn on the throttle power switch while continuing to press the 9 key.
6. Release the 9 key. Notice the direction indicators are alternately flashing signifying the
throttle is in the programming mode.
5.One at a time, push the following keys: * , 8, *.
6. One at a time, push the following keys: # , 1, 3, 5, #.
7. Listen for the decoder to beep signifying the command has been sent.
8. Turn off the throttle to exit programming mode.
At this time, the decoder has been reset to factory defaults. It will be on address 3. Reset
your throttle to address 3 to confirm that decoder has been reset.
See page 16 for all of the default values that have been restored to the decoder.
Using the New T9000 Throttle
Follow these steps to reset your AirWire Decoder to its original factory defaults using the
new T9000 throttle:
1. AirWire decoders that “hear” the reset command will also be reset. Although sound and
other auxiliary DCC decoders should not be affected, there is no guarantee. So, disconnect
or disable all other decoders before proceeding.
2. Turn on the throttle
3. Push the SVC key then the SEL key to enter the Service mode.
4. One at a time, push the following keys: * , 8, *.
5. One at a time, push the following keys: # , 1, 3, 5, #.
6. Listen for the decoder to beep signifying the command has been sent.
7. Push the * key to return to normal operation.
Do not allow water to contact the decoder. This will certainly cause
the receive range to be much lower and may actually damage or
destroy the decoder.
31
At this time, the decoder has been reset to factory defaults. It will be on address 3. Set the
throttle to address 3 to confirm that decoder has been reset.
See page 26 for all of the default values that have been restored to the decoder.
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Heat and Hot Weather Tips
Managing Heat Build-up!
When operating the AirWire decoder near its
maximum current capacity, the decoder can
become as hot as a 100 Watt light bulb. Since
most AirWire decoders are mounted inside
plastic locomotives and rolling stock, the
interior temperature can reach harmful levels
leading to decoder failure unless this heat is
removed. In addition to the heat generated by
the decoder, a hot climate can also cause heating
of the car’s interior which adds to the problem.
Fortunately, minimizing the heat buildup is
relatively straight forward and takes advantage
of the fact that hot air rises.
Hot Climate Operation and Derating
continued from previous page
Improve Air Flow
Decoder
Board
Mounted
Vertically
Mounting Tips
Never wrap the decoder in insulating material.
Never cover or coat the decoder with RTV
adhesive. Not only will this cause heat build up,
but almost all adhesives are conductive,
especially when uncured.
The decoder should be mounted such that the
power transistors are open to free air movement.
If at all possible, allow the transistors to be near
an opening in the chassis or car floor. Cool air
will be pulled towards the transistors as the hot
air rises away from the decoder.
Although locomotives and cars have many openings for air to enter, the addition of more
vents on the bottom and in the roof will greatly aid heat removal. For diesels, consider
opening up the grid and radiator fan housings especially if they are simply cast on. Drill
additional holes in the floor. Also consider removing plastic windows, especially if the
locomotive is small and the decoder is in the cab. Small muffin fans, running on 12V will
help considerably providing there is room for them. Be sure and use low current fans, to
minimize the battery drain.
Lower The Motor Current
Since the power dissipated by the decoder is based on the motor current and motor drive
voltage, a lower top speed will decrease the motor current and decrease the heat generated
by the power transistors. The easiest methods to decrease current are to lower the motor
drive voltage and limit the top speed. Not only will the heat generation be less, but the
batteries will last longer too. On hilly layouts, the use of multiple locomotives in a consist
is much more efficient than a single locomotive, running at maximum power, straining to
make it up the grade.
Derating Maximum Output Current In Hot Climates
Vertical board mounting
allows better airflow
Although horizontal mounting is OK, the
bottom power transistor’s heat flow is
obstructed by the circuit board. If possible,
mount the decoder vertically such that both
sides of the board are unobstructed.
High outdoor temperatures will result in hot interior temperatures even when there is
good airflow. The current rating for the AirWire decoder was established at normal room
temperature and with no airflow obstructions. When mounted in a locomotive and used
outdoors on a hot day, the allowable maximum output current must be derated to insure
safe operation. A very crude guideline is to lower the maximum current by 1 Amp for
each 10 degree increase above room temperature (room temperature is 70 degrees F). For
example, if the outdoor temperature is 100 degrees, the maximum allowable current
should be decreased by about 2-3Amps.
Open grid fan grills
Chassis floor construction
Fair
Don’t depend on small
openings to provide
ventilation
Decoder Board
Mounted Horizontal
Better
Drill vent holes in floor
Mounting the decoder horizontally is OK but
the airflow is blocked by the board itself
Airflow In Modern Plastic Diesel Locomotives
33
continued on next page
34
Power Through The Rails - Some Considerations
The AirWire decoder is designed for battery powered operation. Although power can be
supplied through the rails to the AirWire decoder, we do not recommended it. But if you
insist on using something other than batteries, consider the following challenges:
Clean wheels and clean track are mandatory if power is not supplied by batteries. Battery
powered outdoor locomotives never need to have wheels cleaned and never need to have
the track cleaned. Don’t let anybody fool you into thinking they never clean track. It is not
always dirt that causes problems. Sand, mud, bugs, leaves, grass and all other manner of
detritus will cause track pickup problems. If your friend has not cleaned track, don’t worry,
they will have to eventually.
Electrical safety is compromised the moment you replace batteries with power derived
from household power and feed it onto the rails. Do you know about and know how to use a
Ground-Fault-Interrupter? If not, stay with batteries - battery power is the safest form of
power in the garden railway.
Wiring the track becomes a long, tiresome and boring chore. If you use battery powered
locomotives, your track-wiring job reduces to zero. There is no need to worry about
reverse-loops, turnout wiring, dead frogs, opposing point switch wiring, route control
wiring and the many other forms of arcane torture related to wiring a railroad.
Notes
Warranty Information
This warranty covers substantial defects in materials and workmanship in the AirWire
decoder.
What This Warranty Does Not Cover
This warranty does not cover any problems which result from improper installation,
modifications, battery polarity reversal, improper operation, leaking batteries, excessive
battery voltages, excessive motor current draw, abuse, accidents, or acts of God such as
excessive heat, floods, damage caused by exposure to moisture and rain, lightning,
earthquakes, volcanic events, tidal waves or hurricanes.
Warranty Duration
The coverage of this warranty lasts for 90 days. After this period, standard repair rates
apply. Depending on the problem, CVP reserves the right to repair or replace.
Help, Repairs and Returns
If you have questions or need help, your first call needs to be to your dealer or installer.
They are very familiar with the AirWire equipment and its use. If your dealer/installer
doesn’t have the answer, use the phone number below. Have your instruction manual and
AirWire equipment nearby before you call during normal business hours. If you reach
voice-mail, please leave a message and include your name, number and city and state. We
promise to call you back.
Do not send items to us for repair without first obtaining authorization. In many
cases, problems are easily solved via phone or email without the need or expense to return
items to us. If we authorize and request you to return an item, be sure to mark the “Return
Material Authorization” (RMA) number on the outside of the box. Items sent without an
RMA will be refused and returned at your expense. You are responsible for all
shipping charges.
CVP Products 415 N. Bowser, Ste. #101, Richardson, TX 75081
Installation Accessories
Available from your dealer or direct from CVP. Prices do not include shipping or applicable sales taxes.
Split Board Kit with 3 inch flex cable
Split Board Kit with 6 inch flex cable
Split Board Kit with 12 inch flex cable
Split Board Kit with 18 inch flex cable
[ SF3 ] .................................. $ 13.95
[ SF6 ] .................................. $ 13.95
[ SF12 ] ................................ $ 16.95
[ SF18 ] ................................. $ 19.95
This kit includes the connectors, the specified length of very thin flat flex cable and instructions. It allows the
AirWire900 board to be split in to two parts: the radio receiver and the motor driver. A small flex cable connector
is soldered to each board half. The thin flex cable is already pre-stripped and tinned ready for use to reconnect the
two halves.
Fuse Kit
[ FK9 ] ................................. $ 7.95
Includes in-line fuse holder with 18” wire leads, two 10A slo-blo fuses and hookup diagram. Provides
catastrophic protection for the battery and motor driver.
Coaxial Cable, Connector and Antenna
[ CA ] ................................... $ 19.95
Includes 5 inch rigid antenna attached to 9 inches of RG174 coax cable. Cable solders to the AW9D10 board in
place of the standard wire antenna. Allows antenna to be placed on top of car or locomotive for improved very
long range reception.
CVP Products P.O. Box 835772 Richardson, TX 75083-5772
972-238-9966 10AM- 4PM Central Time, Weekdays
www.cvpusa.com
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