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Table of Contents ECG STUDY GUIDE ................................................................................................................................................... 3 ECG INTERPRETATION BASICS........................................................................................................................... 4 EKG GRAPH PAPER ..................................................................................................................................................4 RATE MEASUREMENT ...............................................................................................................................................9 The Six Second Method ........................................................................................................................................9 Large Box Method................................................................................................................................................9 Small Box Method ................................................................................................................................................9 BASIC EKG RHYTHM ANALYSIS GUIDE ................................................................................................................11 Rhythm Interpretation ........................................................................................................................................13 Six Basic Steps for Rhythm Interpretation Summary .........................................................................................13 NURSING PRIORITIES AND POTENTIAL TREATMENTS ............................................................................................14 Bradycardia .......................................................................................................................................................14 Tachycardia .......................................................................................................................................................15 Cardiac Arrest....................................................................................................................................................16 BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CARDIAC RHYTHMS .................................................................................................17 TYPES OF RHYTHM................................................................................................................................................ 19 NORMAL SINUS RHYTHM .......................................................................................................................................19 SINUS BRADYCARDIA .............................................................................................................................................20 SINUS TACHYCARDIA .............................................................................................................................................21 PREMATURE ATRIAL CONTRACTIONS (PACS) .......................................................................................................23 ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ............................................................................................................................................24 ATRIAL FLUTTER ....................................................................................................................................................25 JUNCTIONAL RHYTHM ............................................................................................................................................26 ACCELERATED JUNCTIONAL RHYTHM/JUNCTIONAL TACHYCARDIA ....................................................................27 ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCKS ................................................................................................................................28 1ST DEGREE AV BLOCK .........................................................................................................................................29 2ND DEGREE AV BLOCK (MOBITZ TYPE I, WENCKEBACH) ..................................................................................29 2ND DEGREE AV BLOCK (MOBITZ TYPE II)...........................................................................................................31 3RD DEGREE AB BLOCK / COMPLETE HEART BLOCK ...........................................................................................32 VENTRICULAR RHYTHMS .......................................................................................................................................34 PREMATURE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION (PVCS)..............................................................................................35 VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA ...............................................................................................................................37 VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION .................................................................................................................................38 ASYSTOLE ...............................................................................................................................................................39 POLYMORPHIC VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA (TORSADE DE POINTES) ................................................................40 IDIOVENTRICULAR (IVR) .......................................................................................................................................41 ACCELERATED IDIOVENTRICULAR (AIVR)............................................................................................................42 PACED RHYTHMS....................................................................................................................................................43 Pacemaker Summary..........................................................................................................................................46 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................................... 47 2
