Download Full Text
Transcript
R EFERENCES increases as small as 50% in target size will increase accuracy from 40% to 60%. Fig. 10. [1] Ferrol R. Blackmon, Michael Weeks, “Wireless Tilt Mouse: Providing Mouse-type Access for Computer Users with Spinal Cord Injuries or Disabilities,” 1st International Conference on Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA08), International Workshop on Ambient Assistive Technologies for Intelligent Healthcare Services (AASTIH08), Athens, Greece, ACM International Conference Proceedings Series, July, 2008. [2] Adriane B. Randolph,“Individual-Technology Fit: Matching Individual Characteristics and Features of Biometric Interface Technologies with Performance,” Georgia State University, 2007, Doctoral Dissertation. [3] Julien Kronegg, Svyatoslav Voloshynovskiy, Thierry Pun, “BrainComputer Interface Model: Upper-capacity bound,” Signal-to-noise Ratio Estimation, and Optimal Number of Symbols, Tech. Rep. 04.03, Computer Vision and Multimedia Laboratory, Computing Centre, University of Geneva, Rue Général Dufour, 24, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland, 2004. [4] Grupo de Robotica,HeadMouse 2,University of Lleida,http://robotica.udl.es/headmouse/headmouse2 /headmouse2e.html,accessed February, 2009. [5] Richard Seven,UW Creates a Computer Mouse Driven by Sound,The Seattle Times,http://seattletimes.nwsource.com, October, 2008. [6] Takeo Igarashi, John F. Hughes, Voice as Sound: Using Non-verbal Voice Input for Interactive Control,Proceedings of 14th annual ACM symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, 2001,155-156. [7] Adam J. Sporka,Sri H. Kurniawan, Pavel Slavik, Acoustic Control of Mouse Pointer, Information Society, 2006, vol. 4, num. 3, pp.125-131. [8] Emotiv Systems,Emotiv EPOC Neuroheadset,http://emotiv.com/corporate/2 0/2 1.htm,January, 2009. [9] Jupiterimages Corporation, Clipart.com,Jupiterimages Corporation, http://www.clipart.com, 2008. [10] A7 Engineering. EmbeddedBlue 500 User Manual, Revision E, April 6, 2005. [11] ABLEDATA Classification System Website, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research of the U.S. Dept. of Education, http://www.abledata.com, 2006, accessed February, 2008. [12] BASIC Stamp Syntax and Reference Manual, version 2.2, Parallax, Inc., 2005. [13] L. Citi, R. Poli, C. Cinel, F. Sepulveda,“P300-Based BCI Mouse With Genetically-Optimized Analogue Control,” IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pages 51-61, February, 2008. [14] D-Link Corporation. DBT-120 Wireless Bluetooth 2.0 USB Adapter http://www.dlink.com/products/?pid=34, accessed February, 2008. [15] I. S. MacKenzie, A. Sellen, W. Buxton, “A Comparison of Input Devices in Elemental Pointing and Dragging Tasks,” Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pages 161-166, 1991. [16] Memsic 2125 Accelerometer Demo Kit (#28017), Parallax Inc., 2004. [17] T. Surdilovic, Fuzzy Mouse Cursor Control System For Computer Users with Spinal Cord Injuries, Masters Thesis, Georgia State University, 2005, pages 32-68. [18] J. E. Zucco, B. H. Thomas, K. Grimmer, “Evaluation of Three Wearable Computer Pointing Devices for Selection Tasks,” Proceedings of the 2005 ninth IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers (ISWC-05), pages 178-185, October 18-21, 2005. Estimated effect of increasing target size These results show that the head tilt mouse is feasible as an assistive interface to provide mouse control to users with disabilities or as simply a hands-free alternative to the traditional mouse. The results also establish a baseline of performance to be improved upon, where one of the goals of this research is to see how closely we can reach the performance of traditional pointing devices while keeping costs low. VI. C ONCLUSION The wireless head tilt mouse provides computer mouse control for people with severe disabilities who cannot use a traditional mouse or a hands-free alternative to other users at a low cost without the need for specialized hardware. The system operates by having the user wear a cap embedded with the device. Head motion is sensed and transmitted over the Bluetooth wireless protocol to the user’s computer. There, the signals are mapped to mouse cursor movement. An experiment were carried out comparing the head tilt mouse performance of acquiring and clicking random targets to a Bluetooth optical mouse and a laptop touchpad mouse and the results were analyzed and presented. We found that people were able to navigate to the targets in an average of 10.9 seconds with a accuracy of 40-50%. We also estimated that by increasing the target size from a radius of 20 to 30 pixels, would possibly increase the accuracy from 40 to 60%. We believe that these results show that the device is a feasible option to users with disabilities or as simply a hands-free alternative to the traditional mouse. This research is on-going, and we expect to make future enhancements with size and usability. 44