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8
Matrices and Determ/nants
EXAMPLE 4
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Finding an Equation of a Line
Find an equation of the line passing through the two points (2, 4) and (— 1, 3),
as shown in Figure 8.5.
Figure 8.5
Solution
Applying the determinant formula for the equation of a line produces
-1
x
y
2
-1
4
3
To evaluate this determinant, you can expand by cofactors along the first row
to obtain the following.
X-D2
+ K-i)·
-1
3
= x ~ 3y + 10
= 0
Therefore, an equation of the line is
x - 3y + 10 = 0.
Note There are a variety of ways to check that the equation of the line in
Example 4 is correct. You can check it algebraically using the techniques you
learned in Section P.3, or you can check it graphically by plotting the points
and graphing the line in the same viewing rectangle.
Cramer's Rule
So far, you have studied three methods for solving a system of linear equations:
substitution, elimination (with equations), and elimination (with matrices). You
will now study one more method, Cramer's Rule, named after Gabriel Cramer
(1704-1752). This rule uses determinants to write the solution of a system of
linear equations. To see how Cramer's Rule works, take another look at the
solution described at the beginning of Section 8.4. There, it was pointed out that
the system
aγx + b¦y = c¡
a2x + b2y = c2
has a solution given by
~C
and
- ac
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provided that a¡b2 — α2έ>,
0. Each numerator and denominator in this solution can be expressed as a determinant, as follows.
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