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Glossary 363
Category 5 UTP data cable - Certified for data rates up to 100 Mbps, which facilitates
802.3 100BaseT (Ethernet) networks
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) - a type of authentication in
which the authentication agent (typically a network server) sends the client program a
key to be used to encrypt the username and password. This enables the username and
password to be transmitted in an encrypted form to protect them against eavesdroppers.
clear channel assessment - A function that determines the state of the wireless medium
in an IEEE 802.11 network.
co-location – method of installing multiple access points using different frequencies to
increase throughput in a wireless LAN
coaxial cable - Type of medium having a solid metallic core with a shielding as a return
path for current flow. The shielding within the coaxial cable reduces the amount of
electrical noise interference within the core wire; therefore, coaxial cable can extend to
much greater lengths than twisted-pair wiring. Commonly called "coax" and used in
legacy Ethernet (10base2) networks.
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) - A spread-spectrum digital cellular radio
system that uses different codes to distinguish users.
data encryption standard (DES) - A cryptographic algorithm that protects unclassified
computer data. DES is a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
standard and is available for both public and government use.
Data Link Layer - The OSI level that performs the assembly and transmission of data
packets, including error control.
decibel gain (loss) - A unit of measurement that represents the difference between two
signal levels. For example, the increased power of an active device (such as an amplifier)
and the decreased power of a passive device (such as an attenuator or length of cable)
delay spread – In terms of multipath in a wireless LAN, it is the time between the first
signal received and the last echoed signal received; up to 4 ns in duration
dipole antenna - The most basic type of antenna shaped like a “T”