Download The Rainbow Vol. 12 No. 01 - August 1992 - TRS
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coco Community T he THE COLOR COMPUTER MONTHLY MAGAZINE August 1992 Canada $4.95 Vo l. x11 No. 1 Make Forms ave you eve.r rieeded 10 create a custom form for personal or bus iness use? If so. you probably puUed out paper. a pencil and a ruler. then gm busy drawing all sons of Jines and boxe.s. Then when you got ready to add the te xt. yo u likely discovered it would have bee.n much easier had you started with the tex t and added the g raph ics 10 that es peciall y if you planned to use the CoCo to add the rext. Forms takes most o f the tedium oul of creating good-looking forms. Forms. a program designed for the CoCu 3. is a son of word processor for form s thm allows yo u to easil y mi x tex t with graphic s: it gi ves you i'ull-screen conlsol o ver place m ent of text and graphic elements. The program docs not require an RGB monitor, but it is important that the monitor you U>C be capa ble of showing all the column s on a 40-column screen. To gel started . enter the program as shown in the listing and save il to tape or disk . If you have an RGB monitor. enter RGB before running the program. When you run Forms. you'll first be asked tf you wam to read the onscreen instructiofts. lf so, press Y. Otherwise press any other key. nl>.~. you ' ll be prompted to adjust the paper in yu'J• printer. Knowing just where to position the paper will take a little trial and error the first few times - the U.S. $3.95 Easy Way H practice with a few " dummy" forms before selling out' to build your masterpiece. Use the arrow keys to mo ve tbe cursor around the desig n screen . Rather than dis playing a block cursor. Forms uses dashes at the top and left side of the screen to show you where the cursor is positioned -it is at the intersection of these shon lines. Hold the SHIFT key and press any arrow key to move to the corresponding edge of the screen. Forms gives you a working area 52 columns wide by l 0 I lines deep for creating your form . (The vertical area is hroken into four pans - in other words, the pro- gram gives yo u four full scree ns o n .whic h It> work.) Each character positjon on the screen is w1ique - when the c ursor is where you want it, press the key for the appropriate graphic element (see Figure I ). The elemcnls supported allow you to create a wide variety of lines and boxes for your fom1. As you add c haracters, the cursor position is not automatically changed; you'll need to move the cursor for each character you add. The actual cursor position . however. is always available at lhe bottom of the screen. To add text' at the current cursor position, press the CTRL key and enter the text you want. You can backspace over mistakes by using the left arrow - in the text mode, the left arrnw docs not update the graphics-screen cursor position. The text is represented on the sere.en by triangles (lhe CoCo 3 does nol support a 52-<:olumn video mode). However, wh at you type appe ars al the bo tt o m of the scree n as you enter it. As you type. the cursor dashes are updated, making it eas ie r to correctl y position the te~l. When your text is complete. press CTRL agai n, or press ENTER . You are automatically re rumed to lhe g raph ics mode. For print ing purposes. Forms ets lhe pri,nte( linefee d to ha lf its normal distance. For this reason, always skip a line between successive 1incs of te xt. However, graphics lines may be added between these lines w ith no problem. To erase the grapltic element or character at the current position, just press E. To minimize screen clutter, it is important that you never place a new character over an existing one - always erase the old character or element first. As I mentioned earlier, Forms suppons four screens for a total of 10 I lines. When you have completed the top founb of your form (Screen l). press S to.raove to the next Seo Form• on Page 8 Key Frame Transformations 0 ne of the earliest techniques used for computer animation is key-frame i111erpo/atio11, a process for creating the intermediate visual frames between the critical positions (key frames) in an animated sequence. Key-frame interpolation was intended to replace the "in-betweening" ('tweening) used by countless animators for hand animation. As you might guess, ·1weening is a means of smoothing the movement of an animated figure from one key position to the next. For many reasons, two-dimensional computer ' tweening was; not very success· ful. The result is that such s implistic techniques gave computers a bad name in the character-animation industry. (Three-dimensional key-frame interpolation helped to restore the computer's reputation. A quick look at some of today ' s television commercials shows computer animation can be quite impressive.) Still, two-dimensional key-frame interpolation is a fascinating computer animation technique in its own right. While not particularly useful for traditional character animation. it works well for Jess well-defined objects and abstract shapes. It is particularly effective for transforming one graphics object into another (say . Africa into a Coke hon le). See Key Frames on Page 72 In this issue: • • Animation Through ML by William P . Nee 22 Artifactlng Meets lbe CoCo 3 by Adam Breint!LI 15 Back Issue Information 18 • • • Key-Frame Transformations by Dawn A. Smith Letters to Rainbow • Make Forms the Easy Way bv John Musumeci OS-9Hotllne CoCo Consultations by Marty Goodman 17 • CoCo Nole Taker bv Trevor Boehm-- -- - II Delphi Bureau by Eddie Kuns 10 • 2 Protect \'our PareeIll by Keiran Kenny - - - - - 25 Received and C ertified Product Reviews: hv Johu M 11s11111ec1 - - -- KwikGen Grocery Shopping 24 With CuCo h\' David Leblanc - - -- - lnterrom .i 16 1 20 Print#-2 b,v wn11ie Falk Disk Sorter by Geoff Friesen 19 F ind PRINT@ Loca tions Ea.Uy - l 2 25 frCJm Gale Fore£ E111e17Jriscs- - 6 YED/68000 from Bob l"O/l der Poc!I 5ojtware 15 THE RAINBOW 2 Our anniversary has come and gone, and this time of the year for THE RAINBOW always gets me 1hinking aboul lhe past This is probably as good a time as any to talk about a couple of the things which have been sort of secrets regarding o ur little magazine. These are not big-tirne secrets neither Oprah nor Sallie Jessie would care a whit about them - but every year at this time I Jell myself I should mention them, then omething more important comes up and they get shoved aside. Our bigges t secret involves our name. lt was a subject of much debate in the earlier years when Jim Reed was the managing editor. He called the magazine RAINBOW, while I insisted the name was THE RAINBOW. Recd would write columns, let.ters and make announcements at RA!NBOWfests about RAINBOW; and I would write my column. answer my letters and make my announcements about THE RAINBOW. I asked Jim (who by the way isoneofthe founding members of the Louisville palindrome society) 10 come into my office one day, handed him the latest copy of the magazine, and asked him what its name was. " RAINBOW," he replied. "THE RAlNBOW," Tsaid. " But, Lonnie, f" ve been calling it just RAINBOW for years." " But. Jim,/' vc been calling it T//ERAINBOW longer." Anyone who can think up YADDA Y (which Reed claims to have done) and similar palindromes doesn 't g ive up on words easily. " But just RAINBOW ounds bette r," he told me. "But THE RAINBOW is its name." ''Well, [really think we should consider changing it, then. Especially since that is what I've been calling it." " Excepl. Reed ." I said . "all of our forms and all of our magazines and all of our bill are primed with a the. If we had 10 reprint them. it would cost a bunch of money. " "That 's the trouble with you. Since you became a publisher, you worry about money instead of how things sound. Just RAINBOW sounds better." "Well , Jim. I s uppose we could. That is, if you don ' t mind waiting for your paycheck until we reprint all our materials." The discussion seemed to end right there. ••••• Speaking of ends, lookatthe littlethingie ("thingie" is a word coined by my daughter, Laurie) right above this paragraph. It is called a star-dash. It is five asterisks centered in a column and is a generally accepted term in the world of typesetting. But not here, it would seem. Our first graphic artist, Sally Nicho.ls, once came to me and asked how I wanted to set off several subjects in an article I wrote. "Just star-dash them ," I told her. " Who-what?" " Star-dash them." And she walked away. Back an hour later, she had drawn a dash in the shape of an enlongated star. ''ls th is what you want?" ••••• A better story about Sa lly is the time we got our first stat camera, a pretty heavy piece of equipment about 5 feel high and 3 feet deep with a sort of portable darkroom built in. The salesman who sold it to us had to have three men deliver it and said he would be by later in the day to teach us, particularly Sally, how it worked. He showed up. talked to Sally and me for a minute or 1wo, and then turned to her and said sumetbing lik~ " Come on, Lilli~ Girl , Level II a bit more 11ser-frie11dly. Borh prod11crs sho11/d be available through T(mdy's Express Order sysrem-ym1 can call (800) 321-3 133 for more information. The Bottom Line Editor: Thank you for youreontinuedsupport of our beloved CoCos. At fi rst I was disappointed with your new format. After thinking it over, however, l realized THE RAIN BOW could be printed on toilet paper and I wo uld be happy. Just keep on publishing our only source of news. Carlo Sheridan 147 lake Street Belli11gham, MA 02019 OS-9 and Multi-Vue Editor: I would like information about OS-9 Level II and Multi-Vue - our nearest Radio Shack doesn't have these products anymore. Also. where can I purchase these products? Terence Holmes 21 1 Lo11g Street Leland, MS 38756 OS-9 is an operating system. a gro11p of rl10t conrrols how yo11rcomp1.11er opera/es. 11 offers more few11res and more control than is normally available through Disk BASIC. Multi-Vue is a graphical user iwerface (GUI) imended to make OS-9 program.~ Wants to Add EARS Ediror: While reading through my back issues of THE RAINBOW , l saw numerous advertisements for a product called EARS. l s this product (or an equivalent ) still available and, if so, where? S. Remin 14 Wellin gron Road Clayton , Victoria 3168 Australia EA RS , a hardwarel.wftware prndur r desifined to allow the CoCo to accept verbal input.from a user. was originally marketed hy Speech Systems. We know of no company c11rrent/y marketing EARS. Per/raps another reader may be able ro offer more assistance. Music Program for the CoCo 3 Editor: To all CoCo musicians and/or mu ic programmers: help! For months I have been searching (so far in vain) for a CoCo 3 m us ic progmm that uppo11S orn;creen music staves, chord input and note transposition as well as editing, playback and priming of music. It would be even better if ii supported adding teXI to music (e.g., lyrics, guitar chords, etc.) and I'll show you how this works." A full-fledged graduate of the University of Louisville's design program, Sally was not to happy to be a "Little Girl." But she and the salesman went off to the comer we had assigned to the camera. When I came by, the salesman was ''Liule Girl" -ing Sally all over the place, and I could tell she was not pleased. An almost interminible hour passed and the salesman was finishing up when he said the last thing he need.e d to do was level the can1era. "OK, Little Girl." he told her, "you get down here and turn the liltle screw-in feet while [ bold the camera up." Sally laid down on the floor , and he groaned and picked up the heavy camera. While he held the camera in the air, Sally said: "Oh, Wally, now where are those feet? Titis Little Girl is so confused." Sally was never "'Little Girl " again. ••••• his true that long ago we ran a questionand-answer column by one of our techni cal people, Ed Ellers. "'What'll we call it?" Jim Reed asked me. &l's technical thoughts were sometimes somewhere in the stratos phere. On one occasion , r had hooked a new monitor to my Coco and was having problems with RFI. !called Ed in to ask him why, only to be regaled by a lecture on everything from bandwidths to NTSB scan rates. All I wanted was an answer. So. af1er about five minutes of th is, I became impatient nnd finally said, " Earth to Ed, can you just.fix it." The column , thus. was named "Earth To Ed ," somewhat over Ed's objection; bul around Falsoft, the nickname " Earth"' has stuck to this day. I hope you've enjoyed my lit.tie trip down memory lane. - Lotmie Falk and MIDT connection facilities. r have seen these features for PCs, and all the kids al our local Primary School have access to su~h features on their Apples. Why can 'l we get them on our illustrious CoCo? Any comments, advice or offers are most welcome. I think I ' vc picked all the brains down here! Keva Lloyd 8-12 Gallagher Street Sea Lake 3533 Australia We published a program by George Quellhorst in thR April 1991 issue (Page 10) rhat supports onscreen staves. ff using OS-9 level II is nor a problem. consider U ltiMusE Ill from Kala Software (3801 Brown Bark Drive, Greensboro, NC 27410) -it offers most ofrhef earures you mention a11dmore. /11 rhe D isk BASIC marker fr Lyra. However, we are uncertain as to the cur· rent availability of this product. Mnkc OS-9 Easy to Use Ediror: I want to shout a s uper-bearty hallelujah in response to John Perry's comments in t.beAprU 1992 issue. I went to one of the A1lanta CoCofe.•ts and spent several hours talking to fo lks offering the new compute r , begging them to make OS-9 easy to use. All r got we re blank stares. There is a severe dearth of CoCo hackers who remember when they weren'r August 1992 THE RAINBOW omniscient. There is no doubt that OS-9 and OSK are very powerful systems, but they will always be bidden in a comer if they can 't be used very easily be someone other than hackers. Jim Lal.one 91135 Standifer Gap Road Oo/tewah, TN 37363 Text mode andF2 puts them into the mouse mode; the CLEAR key is the "button." And, please, don't forget diagonals . When hoth a vertical arrow and a horizontal arrow are pressed, the cursor should bavcl the diagonal path between the two. Fred Rickards P.O. Box794 Trinity, NC 27370 User-Friendly Software Editor: Why are so many software producers letting programers cut them out of five to eight percent of their potential market? I don't know how many times I have read ads for programs that seem to be just what I want, but four little words tell me Tcan't use then: mouse or joystick required. Some years ago I was involved lit an automobile accident. I have recovered well, but my fine control of my hands and fingers is not aU that great. Through 30 months of hard practice, I have gotten my typing speed back Lo about 2/ 1 of what it once was. The mouse and joystick, however, are still useless to me. Have programmers forgotten about the arrow keys? T doubt it. In fact , I' ll bet the vast majority give those arrows areal workout while they are writing their programs! There are thousands of us out here (many in far worse condition than 1). Can you who market these programs really afford to ignore this potential expansion of your customer base? I have written a number of game and graphics programs for my grandsons enough so that I can tell you it is not that hard to give users a choice of which control to use. Some of my programs have both a "text cursor" and a 0 mousecursor." Jnthese programs, when the keyboard is selected, pressing F I puts the arrow keys into the Desperate ror Help with Hyper 110 Editor: I have enjoyed THE RAINBOW for many years, and have found it to bea very helpful addition to my library of computer books and magazines. I want to thank all the people who have replled to my distress calls (through your great publication) for help and also THE RAINBOW staff, which has offered me help with software and hardware problems. Tr is rare to find such customer service these days, and I just thought you should know there are a lot of people out here who think you 're c.loingagreatjob. I would appreciate any belp from anyone who uses (or has used in the past) a Burke & Burke hard-drive system with Hyper 110. I picked up the system from a former CoCo owner. I am looking for any patches or programs that have been written to work with this hardware/software combination and would allow me to run several of my software packages with llyper /JO. Mychel Holtry 695 Park Avenue, Apt. 216 Idaho Falls, ID 83402 (208) 524-9027 Printing Pictures Editor: 1 hope you can help me. T have a 64K Color Computer 2 with a black-and-white TV,an FD-502diskdriveand a DMP- 132. I can get the printer to print words on paper, but it won't print pictures, even though I can view the graphics onscreen. I have tried to get the people at Radio Shack to help, but they don' t know bow to do this e ither. quire,< a little re/earning. Since you have not yet experienced Disk. {U)SIC, .th;ttrelearning should not greatly affect y()il. " OS-9 has ofien,,..b¢im "COnsidired a hacker's operattngryJldlfr(·a"'s!"opp.o~e4 t6 a user's system) Since. there are so many utiliiies and relatively few app/icaliotis. But the necessary applications - word processors,fili11g programs and a spreadsheet-are available. In addition, a great deal of shareware and freeware is available through Delphi and other telecommunications services. Perhaps other readers will write you with their suggestio11s. 'fHERAINl)OW welcomes letters to -the editor. Mail should lie addressed to: Let· tees to Rainbow, The Falsoft Building, 9509 U.S. ~wy 42, P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY 4(:)0591 Lelters Sh.o uld include thiW.riter' s full name and address. Letter!; may be edited for olitrity or.10 conserve space. Letters tp the editor may also be sent to us through our Delphi CoCo SIG. From ~be.Coco SlG> irompt, enter AA t to get to the Raihbow Magazini: Servic.es area of the SIG. At. tbe RAJNBOW> prompt, -enter LCT lo reach the LElTERS> prompt, then select Letters for Publication. Be sure to ipclude your complete name and address. &g8 ms Printing PMODE graphics images with a printer requires a special program called a screen d11mp . See ''Speedy PHODE Screen Dump" (THE RAINBOW.May 1992. Page I) by Cray Augsburg for an in-depth look at printing tlrese images. Faster Throu]Jllput for the coco 3 Originally developed as a low-power (CMOS) alternative to the Motorola 6809, the Hitachi 6309 microprocessor has been around for some time. Until recently. however, few people knew of its hidden enhancements (undocumented features) and the benefit they might offerto users of the CoCo 3. The 6309 is pin-for-pin compatible with the 6809." In addition to extra registers and support for high-speed block moves (four times as fast as the 6809), the 6309 sports two modes of operation. Tn the Emulation mode, the 6309 acts as if it were a 6809 but includes new instructions for access LO the extra registers. Jn the Native mode, however, the 6309 executes instructions in up to 35 percent fewer instruction cycles. Chris Burke (of Burke & Burke) learned of these hidden features earlier this year, and at the Chicago CoCofest (May 1992) introduced PowerBoost. This product includes a 63B09E and socket with which you replace the 68B09E in the CoCo 3, and software for Disk BASIC and OS-9 Level 11 that al lows you to take advantage of the 6309's Emulation mode. Early reports on PowerBoost indicate processor throughput increases of 10 to 50 percent, depending on the. operation being perfonned - an average of 15 to 20 percent is expected. Because OS-9 is a modular operating system (in contrast to Disk BASIC) throughput increases are more visible with OS-9. -6.- &g8 &g8 ~ ~ [gl! 888 SOLITAIRE CARD GAMES Duo Deck: Double Deck Solitaires. Play Sly Fox or Windmill - both games of skill. $19.95 Classic Solitaire: Klondike, Canfield and Pyramid on one disk for Just $14.95 La Belle Lucie: All three play A true game otskill. $14.95 on 128K CoCo3, with joystick and disk. SAVE $10.00. BUY ALL THREE FOR $40.00 Daniel Miller Route I , Box 147 Ch11rch Hill. TN 37642 Special Back Issue Offer Magazines $1 each Disks $6 each while supplies last! &g8 &g8 &g8 &g8 3 CRAZY B's Cl:tVS:A 9,a IMIEW Play against your computer. Up to three opponents. All graphics, for all ages. Coco3. $14.95 Looking to Switch to OS-9 Editor: SysStat Understanding Memory Printer Control Sorting Array Data Easy Fiie Manipulations Prompts with atyle and more 111tt l'C c....,,.11.,• • .....,. SOFT SECTOR..,,.. Patriotic Graphics Maze Escape Stellar Blast Scrolling A look at Memory Utlllty Commands Te<:nnlcal O&A sod more We have a cassette-based CoCo 3 with 128K. We want to get a disk drive and use the OS-9 operating system, but we are very unsure as to wbere to go or what would be best for us. When it comes to computers, we are aU but lost. We 've had oursforsometimeand alsobaveTefewrirer-64 (with which we are not very happy). We use the CoCo for ministry records and mailing lists, auto-repair records and parts inventory, and myriad other personal and small-business uses. Can you give us some direction and sound advice? Tifly and Wanda Brown ftJ 38 Myste1~v Place P.0 . Box2/72 Alma, AR 72921 Tiu• OS-9 t1peratinR systnn. as we ex- To order, call (800) 847-0309 9 a.m.-5 p .m. EST. BONUS OFFER: Soft Sector Binders $3 Each plained ;n 0111· response fl) Terence Holmes abm·e, is a group of related progmms Illar manages the way the romp1111•r operare.~ and the wa)' we communicatewitlr ;1. In rhe past. tlti< o/1er111;ng sysrem lras /1ee11 T<>tlletf n.r nor too user-friendly. The s;mpfe trlllh is. OS-9 is different tlwn Disk BASIC and re- SOVIET BLOC: Super Tetris-style game. Coco3 $19.95 Save up to 51% on your long distance rates (private and business) The only long distance card which builds equity each time you use it. As you build time on your account, your rates become lower. There is no time limit to attain lower rates. Our top rate is 24.9 cents/minute, our bottom rate is 16.9 cents/minute. No access charges means more savings for you . Please write for information. Checks, Money Orders, MasterCard & Visa $2.50 S&H COD $2.00 extra. WA addresses add 8.2% sales tax. (206) 653-5263 30 day money back guarantee ADVENTURE SURVIVORS! This is your newsletter! Only $6 per year. Reviews, solutions, and more! Call or write for details. Eversoft Games, Ltd P.O. Box 3354 Arlington , WA 98223 L.E. Padgett 24 Perthshire Dr. Peachtree City, GA 30269 {404) 487-8461 4 THE RAINBOW August 1992 Feature Progratp Go Grocery Shopping With the Coco B t:ans, oranges, tofu , toilet tissue, porJc move the cursor through the list, and press chops ... whew! This shopping list is ENI'ER to select an item. (Selected items horribly disorganized. If only there was a are indicated by inverted text.) Pressing quick and easy way lo alleviate some of the ENTER while the cursor is on a previously burden of weekly grocery shopping . .. selected item cancels that selection. Your CoCo 3, along with a disk drive To move to the top of the list, use SH!Ffand printer, can do just this. Grocery Helper up wrow. To go to the bottom, use SHIFTis a menu-driven program that lets you down arrow. You can also press a single select from an alphabetical list the items Jetter to move the cursor to the first item that you want to purchase and print them in an begins with that letter in the list. As with order! y form. Option 1, CTRL-H calls a help screen, and After you enter the·program listing, save CfRL-X talces you back to the Main menu. Grocery Helper to a fresh disk and run it. Option 4, Print List, is self-explanatory. Make sure to keep the disk in the drive, To achieve a compact printout, l ' ve inthough, so the CoCo can use it to store your serted a control code to print the list in data. The'program stores your data in a file Tandy's microfont. lf your printer (or eyes) named LIST . OAT. If it can 't find this file on don't su pport this small print, simply delete the disk in Drive 0, the program assumes everything up to the RESTORE command in you haven't set up the master product list Line 4002 of the program, and change Line yet and takes you immediately to Option I 4022 to 4022 GOTO 30. (discussed below). However, if Grocery , . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - . . . , . , . - - . . , Helper does find a file with this name, a tide l . B~-!!llll~ screen appears and you see a menu of the 2. GoodS' programs six options. l.»aizy Option l, Add Items to Master File, 4. Frozen FOods allows you to add, delete, or change items in 5.Hygiene 6. Meats, FiSh & Poultry LIST. OAT. This master file holds up to 360 items of up to 18 characters each . '7. Miscellaneous Groce1y Helper supports nine product _8. Pilpe~/Detergent categories (see Figure 1). The category 9. Produi;e, currently selected is shown on the third screen line. To move to the next category, F i.p re 1: Product. C~tegOries · hold the SHIFT key and press the up arrow. Similarly, use SHIFT-down arrow to move back one category. The first item in the current category (or The Listing: GROCERY the first slot if there are no items in the category) is highlighted. The four arrow 0 OATA"Bread / cereal ","Canned goo keys allow you to move the highlight bar ds". "Oa 1 ry " , "frozen foods " , "Hygi ene". "Meats, fish. and poultry". over each listed item. To enter anew item or "H1scel1 aneous" . "Paper /detergent add to an existing one, pos ition the bar and " ."Produce" .9.2. 7 ,4 . 3.6.1.8.S type the desired characters. In a slot that 1 WIOTH40 : 0NBRKGOT08:PHOOE0 , l : PC LEAR!: CLEAR8000 : OIHF( 361) • l ( 40) . lists an item, Grocery Helperaucomatically P(360), !$(360). P$ (40): FORK-JT09 : positions the text cursor at the end of the REAOG$ ( K) : NEXT existing characters. When you have fin· 3 CLS:LOCATE13 . 2:ATTR0.0,U:PRINT ished entering an item, press ENTER (to "Grocery Helper": :ATTR0, 0 : LOCATE move to the next slot) or any arrow key. 13,5 : PRINT"by Dave LeBlanc":LOCA Since the left arrow is used for cursor con- TE8.2 3: PRINT"(C) 1992 Rainbow Ma gazine" : trol, I wrote the program to interpret the 4 'GROCERY HELPER BY 0. LEBLANC CLEAR key as a backspace. To clear all the 5 'COPYRIGHT CC) 1992 FALSOFT characters in the highlighted slot, press 6 GOT010 8 RUN SHIFT-CLEAR. While you are getting used to the pro- 10 POKE65496,0 : 0PEN"O",//l,"LIST . OAT", 21 : Fl ELO//l, 18ASA$, 3ASB$: POK gram , it's not hard to forget one or more of E65497 ,0 the function keys. Press CTRL-H to call up 20 IFLOF(l )-0THENCLOSE:FORK-IT07 a help window that outlines the most impor- 50 : NEXT : GOTO 1000 tant functions. Press CTRL-X to return to 22 LOCATE15.2l : PRINT" Oisk access ": POKE65496 . 0: FORK-IT0360: GETl/1. the Main menu. K: 1$( K)-A$: PC Kl-VAU B$ ): NEXT : CLO Option 2, Alphabetize Items, sorts the SE: POKE65497. 0 data in the master file in alphabetic order. 24 LOCATE13 . 21 : PRINT"Proce ss1 ng Always use this option immediately after data": fORK-1T0360 25 IFINSTR(ll(K) . STRJNGS(lS , 32 )) you create or modifY rhe master file . Other- -I THEN l $ ( K)-"": GOT028 wise, the program will not correctly inter26 1 FASC<R IGHT$( 1$(K),1) l-32THEN pret the file, rendering the data useless. !$ (Kl- LEFTS( l$ ( K) , LEN( !$(K))·l): GOT0 26 Option 3, Select Items, is where you' ll 28 NEXT spend most of your time with Grocery 30 ONBRKGOT030:SUUNOl.l:AHR0,0: lie/per; use th is opti on to select the items CLS: LOCATE16 . 2: PR! NT"MA! N MENU": you want printed 011 your current shopping FORK-JT08 : LOCATE&. 3+K: ATTR3, 2: PR list. Afte r you select this option. a list conl NTSTRJ NGS C28 . 32 l: : NEXT: LOCATE7, S:PRJNT"l. Add it.ems to master f taining all the items in the file is d isplayed. The ite ms are organized in alphabet ic or- ile";:LOCATE7,6:PR!NT"2. Alphabe tf ze items " ;: LOCATE7 . 7 :PR! NT"3 , der. regardless of the category under which Select i terns":: LOCATE7 .8 they fa ll. Use the up and down arrows to CaruJM Use Option 5, Exit, to stop Grocery Helper. Before ending, the program saves any modifications you made to the master file - make sure you have used Option 2 to alphabetize dte list first. Option 6, Clear Master File, is useful but dangerous. Selecting it erases the entire master file from the disk . Though I have made a • reasonable effort to render this option goofproof, an unintentional erasure can still result- please be careful. One final piece of advice: When you are entering items (Option I) with similar names, enter them "last name first," placing a comma between the words. For example , enter green beans as BEANS. GREEN . (The space is not required after the comma.) Then when the list is alphabeti7.ed, the item wi 11 appear in an ordered section of the master file - the various types of beans are Usted together, making selection easier. When you print the list, Grocery Helper interprets the comma as a delimiter and rearranges the item name (e.g .. to GREEN 31 PRINT"4. Print l1st"::LOCATE7 .9 : PRINT"5. Ex1t " ::LOCATE7,10:PR INT"6. Clear master file": : LOCAT El2.13 : ATTR0.0:PRINT"Se lect opti on > 11 : 32 EXEC44539 : AS-I NKEY$: I FVAL( AS) <10RVAL(A $ ))6THENSOUN01 . 1: GOT032 ELSEPR!NTA$ : EXEC43345 :ONVALCA $ )G OTOl 000. 2000 • 3000. 4000, 5000, 6000 999 'MOO! FY MASTER Fl LE MOOU LE 1000 ONBRKGOT01000:C-0:CLS:ATTR0 , 0: LOCATE10, 0: PR! NT'' MOOI F 1CAT JON MOOU LE": PR ! NT" CTRL · X to ex 1t CTRL · H for help" :: LOCATE! . 2 : IFG-0THENG-1 1005 PR!NT"Group ll"+STRSCG l+": " +G$CG): PRINT" "+STRINGS (38." -" l; 1010 FORK-1T040: !(K)-0:NE XT:A-0: FORK-CG· l )*40+ lTO( G-1 )*40+40: IF I $ ( K)-""THENN EXTELSEA-A+ I: l (A )-K: NEXT 1011 l FC-0TH EN l FA-40THENC-l ELS EC -A+! 1012 ATTR0 ,0 :FORK-1T040:1 FK/201 NH K/2 lTHENB-3+( ( K+I) /2) ELSEB- 3+ (K/2) 1014 l FK/2 <>I NH K/ 2 )THENLOCA TE!. B ELSELOCATE21.B 1015 I FK-C TH ENA TTR2. 4 1016 PRINTIS(J(K))+STRING$(18 - LE N(l $( 1(K))),32); 1017 lFK-C THENATTR0,0 1018 NEXT 1025 C$-1$ (l(C) l 1030 l fC/2<>INTCC/2lT HENB- 3+ ((C + ll /2 l ELSEB-3+( C/2 J 1032 !FC/2<>INT(C/2)THENLOCATE1. B ELSELOCATE21 .B 1034 ATTR2 ,4: PR!NTC S+STR!NGS( 18 l FN( C$ l . 37): :ATTRI , 0: LOCATE39 .0 1036 GOT01050 1039 ' PRINT NORMAL ITEM [ENTRY : C-POS • BEANS). When using this handy feature, be particular with your use of the comma. David LeBlanc is a certified engineer who plans to attend the Technical University ofNova Scotiaf or a degree in electrical engineering. In addition to working with computers, David enjoys participating in vuriou.1· sports. and his hobbies include reading and listening to music. 1040 !FC/ 2<>1 NTC C/2lTHE NLOCATEl, B ELSELOCATE21.B 1042 ATTR0 .0 : PR1NT Cs+STRING$ (1 8 - LEN (CS). 32): : l FJC Cl>0THEN1044El SE 1FC$-""TH ENRETUR NELSEFO RK-( G· l )*40+1 TO( G· l )*40+40: l Fl SCK)-" "TH EN I ( C)-K: A-A+ 1: 1$ ( KJ-C$: RETURN EL SENEXT: STOP 1044 1$(1(C))- C$:RETURN 1050 lFPEEKC341 l-247THEN1100 1052 I FPEEK( 342 J-247THEN1150 1054 l FPE EKC 343 l-2470RPEEK( 344 )247TH EN1200 105B A$-INKEY$: lfA$-"" THEN1050 1059 l FAS- CHRS ( 189 )0RA$- " •"ORA$CH RS C8 lORAS-CHRS <9lORAS-CHRSC10 J THEN1050 1060 lFAS-" _ "THEN1350 1062 lFA$-''[''THENl360 1064 I FA$- "X" ANOPEEK(342) - 191GOS U81040 : GOT030 1066 l FA$-"H" ANOPEEK( 342 )-l 91THE NJ380 1068 I FA$-CHR$( 12 )THEN1300 1070 IFA$ - "\ "TH EN1325 1076 l FAS-CH RS ( 13 lTHEN1310 107B l FLEN ( CS l-18THENSOUN01. l : GO T01050 1080 EXEC43345: cs-Cs+AS : GOT01030 1100 l Fl ( C )-00RCS <> ""THEN1110ELS EI FC<3THEN l FC+3B>A THEN1050ELSE! $([(Cl l-"" :C-C+38 : GOTOJ010 110 2 !$( J(Cl)-"": C-C·2 : GOT01010 1110 lFC<3THENIFC+37>A THEN1050E LSEGOSU8 1040 : C-C+3B : GOTOl 025 111 2 GOSUB1040:C-C -2: GOT01025 1150 !Fl(C)-00RCSO""THEN1160ELS EI FC>38TH EN 1$ (I ( C) l-"" : C-C-38: GO T01010 1152 !FC+2>A THEN1050ELSE !$ (1(Cl )-" ": C-C+2: GOTO 1010 11@ IFC>38THENGOSUBJ040:C-C · 38: GOT01025ELSEI FC+I>A THEN1050E LSE In Quest of the Star Lord CoCo3 Hinl Sheet Hall of the King 1, 2 or 3 CoCo 1 -3 Hall of the King Trilogy White Fire of Eternity $29.95 ea . $74 .95 CoCol-3 Dragon Blada CoCo 1 -3 Champion CoCol- 3 Paladin's Lagacy CoCol -3 \11sa . Mastercard Cnec< Monev Onlt:r. dlld COD ( JSA, onl•{ plcasoJ ar;ccprcd A11 INe1gn 01der~ rn11s1 De se n1 in US currency Money Orders 1m:h1de S? sn 101 sh1 pu 1ro in US A an:i ca rad3 $5 oa Fores1pn $J oo exl ra ro · c::rn Of de rs PA resments ado 5% sa!es idK Dealer inJuines •Nelcome AlllhOrs we re 1001':1ng for new sol!ware 1 Augus t 1992 6 GOSUB1040: c-c+z: GOT01025 1200 IF 1CC l-00RCH>""THEN1210ELS El FC 12<> I HTC C/2 )THEN I FC-A THEN10 50ELSEIS (I ( c) )-"": c-c+ 1: GOT01010 1202 IlCHC)l-"":C-C-I:GOT01010 12 10 IFC/ 2<> !NTCC/ 2 )THENTFCS-""T HE N1050ELSEGOSUB1040 : C-C+l: GOTOl 025 1212 GOSUB1040: c-c-1: GOT01025 1300 IFCS-""THENSOUNOl, l :GOT0105 0ELSEEXEC43345: CS-LE FT$( CS, LEN( C SJ-l) :GOT01030 131 0 IFCS- ""THENSOUNOJ,l :GOT0105 0ELSE EXEC43345: GOSUB 1040 : c-c+ 1: I FC>40THENC-l 1312 GOT01025 1325 EXEC43345: IF!(C)-0THENCS- "" : GOT01030ELSEIS CI (Cl)-"": GOT0101 THE RAINBOW 1390 LOCATES.14:ATTR2 .4: PRINT"SH !FT": : ATTR3.2:PR!NT" + UP or OOW N arrow":: LOCATE9, 15 : PR!NT"moves to another group.": 1392 LOCATES .17: PR! NT"Hi t any ke 1600 PRINTASC(AS) 1700 GOT01500 1999 'ALPHABETIZE 2000 PRINT" Alphabetizing.":PRIN T" Please wait a few moments .. . " : LOCATE35 ,0 : ATTR0 ,0, 8 : PRINT9: :AT TRl. 0: PR! NTCHR$( 8); : FORK-1T0360: P( KJ-K : NEXT :M-511 2010 FORK- lTOS:LOCAH35,0:ATTR0, 0, B: PR! NT9 - K: : ATTRl. 0: PRINTCHR$( 8) ;:M-( M-ll/2 2020 !F36il-M- l <0THENZ130ELSEM1-M +l :I-Ml 2030 Jl-PC1):M2-I-M:J-l 2040 Jl-M2 - J+l: 12-P ( Jl l 2050 !FIS( lll>-ISCI2lTHEN2100 2060 PCJl+Ml-P CJl) 2070 IF J+M>M2 THEN2090 20S0 J-J+M: GOT02040 2090 PCJll-11 :GOT02.ll0 2100 P(Jl+MJ-11 2110 IF I+l>360THEN2.130 2120 I-1+1 :GOT02030 2130 NEXTK 2140 GOT030 3000 ONSRKGOT03000 : CLS: ATTR0 .0: l OCATE13. 0: PR! NT"SELECT MO OU LE" : P RINT " CTRL-X to ex i t CTR L-H for help":PRlNT" "+STR!NGSC3 8, "-"): 3006 FORK•lT0360 :l Fii (PC K) l-""TH EN NEXT: SOUND! .1 : GOT030ELSEA-K 3010 ATTR0,0:8-A - l:FORK-lT05 3012 LOCATE! 1. ( 6- Kl*2+1: I FB-00R I $ (P C8) )-" "THENPRI NTSTRI NGS C18, 32 ) : : NEXT: GOT03020ELSECS-IS CPC8 ) l 3014 !FF(PCBl l-l THENATTR2 . 4 3016 PR! NTCS+STRING$ ClS ·LEN ( CS l, 32):: I FF( PCB l )•I THENATTRl. 0 : LOCA TE39.0:ATTR0.0 301S B-S -J : NEXT 3020 B-A: FORK-1T06 3022 LOCATE!l, (K*2J +ll: IF8 >3 60TH ENPRINTSTRJNGS(JB,32): :NEXT:GOTO 3030ELSECS-U CPCB) ) 3024 lfF(P(8))-ITHENATTR2, 4 3026 PR! NTCS+STR ING$ (1 8- LEN CCS l. 32): : I FF( PC 8 l )•!THENA TTRl. 0: LOCA TE39,0 : ATTR0,0 302S S-B+l: NEXT 3030 LOCATES, 13: PR! NT"•>" : : LOCAT E30 .13 : PRINT" <-": : ATTRl.0: LOCATE 39 ,0 3040 I FPEEKC 341 l- 247THEN3200 3042 I FPEEKC 342l-247THEN3260 3043 K-PEEKC 34llAN064: I FK>0THENW N30 3056 I FAS-"H" ANOPEEKC 342 )-191THE N3375 3058 I FPEEKC 341 l-191THENWS-Ws+AS ELSEWS-AS 3059 I FLEN CWS l-lTH ENFORK-lT0360E LSEFORK-A T0360 3060 I FINSTR CIS(P(Kll.WS)<>lTHEN NEXT: SOUNOl. I: ws-· .. : GOT03040ELSE A-K: I FPEEKC 341l<>191 THENWS-"" 3062 GOT03010 3200 IFA - l-00RUCPCA-lll-""THEN3 040ELSEA-A - l: GOT03010 3250 I FA+D360THEN3040ELSEA•A+l: GOT03010 3300 IFFCPCA))·0THENF(P(A))-1ELS EFC PC Al J-0 3302 GOT03010 3375 LOCATE0,l:ATTR0,0 : PRINTSTRI NG$( 40 ,32) ; : LOCATE10, l: PR! NT" He 1 p screen engaged."::FORK-1T017:L OCATE7 , 4+K: ATTR3, 2: PRINTSTRINGS ( 26 ,32):: LOCATE34, 5+K:ATTR0,3 3376 PRINT" ";:ATTR0,0:PRJNT" ": : NEXT: LOCATES, 22: ATTR0, 3: PRINTST RINGS(25.32): 3378 LOCATES . 6 :ATTR2, 4: PRI NT"CTR l"::ATTR3.2:PRINT" + "::ATTR2.4: PRJNT"H": : ATTR3. 2: PRINT" for HE L P screen . ": 3380 LOCATES. 7:ATTR2 ,4:PRJNT"CTR L";:ATTR3,2:PRINT" + "::ATTR2,4: PRINT"X"::ATTR3,2:PRINT" for MAr N MENU.": 3382 LOCATE8.8: PR I NT"UP arrow mo ves cursor up": :LOCATE9.9:PRINT"' one item.":: LOCATES,10:PRJNT"DOW N arrow moves cursor":: LOCATE9, l l:PRINT"down one 1tem.": 33S4 LOCATES.12:ATTR2.4 : PRJNT"SH !FT": : ATIR3 ,2:PR!NT" +UP arrow moves•: : LOCATE9, lJ: PR! NT"cursor to top of items.": 33S6 LOCATEB,l4:ATIR2,4 : PRINT"SH IFT": : ATTR3 .2:PRINT" +DOWN arro w move s":: LOCATE9 . 15:PRINT"curso r to end of Hems.": 3388 LOCATE8.16:ATTR2 ,4 :PRI NT"EN TER": : ATTR3 .2 : PRJNT" selects an item.":: LOCATES .17 :ATTR2 , 4 : PR! NT "A": :ATTR3 .2.: PRINT" · ": :ATTR2.4: P RINT"Z": :ATTR3.2 3390 PRINT" f or 1etter search . " : : LOCATE8 . 18:ATTR2 ,4: PRINT" ALT":: ATIR3,2:PRJNT" for word search." $-"" 1394 LOCATE36,0:ATTR1,0:PRINT"" : : EXEC44539: AS-I NKEH : ATTR0, 0 : LO CATEl.l:PRINT"CTRL - X to ex1t CTRL-H for he-lp": 1396 FORK-1T015: LOCATE19, S+K: PRI NT" ": :NEXT:GOT01010 1500 A$•1NKEV$: IFA$-""THEN1500 3044 AS-I NKEVS: I FAS-""THEN3040 3046 I FAS•"@"ORAS-CHRS(lS9JORAS.. •"ORAl-CHRS Cl0)TH EN3040 304S I FAS-CHRS (13 JTHEN3300 3050 I FAS-" "THEN3006 3052 I FAl-"("THENA-360: GOT03010 3054 l FA$-"X" ANDPEEK C342l-191THE 3392 LOCATEB,2~ : PRINT"Hit any ke y to resume ••• : 3394 LOCATE36,0:ATTR1,0:PRINT" " : : EXEC44539 : AS-INKEVS: ATTR0, 0: LO CATEl.l:PRINT"CTRL-X to ex1t CTRL-H for help": 3396 FORK-lTOlS: LOCATE?, 4+K: PR! N TSTRING$ C27. 32) : : NEXT: GOT03010 Product Review You begin by running KwikGen with an optional memory modifier. (The more memory you give to KwikGen, the larger the boot file it will let you edit.)A modpatch script is included in the manual for increasing the defaultto40K; and up to48Kcan be allocated on OS-9 Leve.I IJ systems. With KwikGe11 running, you can either load an existing boot file from disk or use the boot file currently in memory. Once the boot file is loaded, Kwi!.-Gen verifies all modules contained in it. All modules with an invalid header parity or module CRC are purged from the buffer. KwikGe11 allows you to delete, insert, move· and even rename modules in the buffer. If you rename a module, the new name can be longer than the original name - up to 26 characters in length . If the new name is longer than the original name, the new name is added to tile end of the module. Two of KwikGen 's bandiest options allow you to "dump" a module from the buffer or patch it in memory. The moduledump listing is imilar to that provided by the OS-9 dump command, with the contents shown in both hexadecimal and ASCil formats. Patching a module works a little differently than when using mod patch, but the technique is similar. With KwikGen you 0 1350 GOSU81040: G-G-1: I FG-0THENG9 1352 GOT01000 1360 GOSU81040: G-G+l: I FG>9THENG1 1362 GOT01000 1380 GOSU81040 : LOCATE0,l:ATIR0,0 : PR! NTSTRI NG$C40, 32 l: : LOCATE10, l : PRINT"Hel p screen engaged.":: FO RK-1 T012: LOCATE7, 6+K: ATTR3, 2: PRI NTSTRINGS ( 26, 32): : LOCA TE34, 7+K: A TIR0,3 1381 PRINT" " : : ATTR0,0:PRINT" ": : NEXT: lOCATEe, 19: ATTR0, 3 : PRINTST RINGSC25,32): 1382. l0CATES.S:ATTR2,4:PRINT"CTR L" : :ATTR3, 2: PRlNT" + ": : ATTR2 .4: PRINT"H": :ATTR3.2 : PRINT" for HEL P screen.": 13S4 LOCATES,9:ATIR2,4:PRINT"CTR L"::ATTR3,2:PRINT" + "::ATTR2.4: PRINT"X": :ATTR3.2:PRINT" for MAT N MENU.": 1386 LOCATES, 10: PRINT"ARROW KEVS move cursor.": :LOCATES,ll :ATTR2 ,4: PR INT"C LEAR":: ATTR3, 2: PRINT" to back s pac~ . " : 1388 LOCATE8,1 2:ATTR2..4: PRINT"SH I FT"::ATTR3,2 : PRINT" + "::ATTR2, 4:PRlNT"CLfAR" : :ATTR3,2:PRJNT" t o delete"; :LOCATE9,13:PRINT"item ."; y to resume . . . ": KwikGen: Edit OS-9 Boot Files on the Fly Have you ever tried to make a new boot disk with a single-drive system? Yeah, right! You 'd probably ratller have a tooth pulled with a pipe wrench . Or how many times have you wanted to make one small change to a boot file but found the only way to do it was to create a completely new hoot disk from scratch? Needless to say, creating or modifying a boot disk isn't the easiest job in the world. Of course, those who' ve used EZGe11 from Burke & Burke might say it isn't all that difficult. The only problem with EZGe11 is that inserting, moving and deleting modules can be slow, especially if you are using a floppy-only system. KwikGen from Gale Force Enterprises (licensed from Sardis Technologies) provides most if not all of the functionality of EZGen but works entire! y in memory. This makes the process of adding, moving and deleting modules lightning fast. Included on the disk are versions for OS-9 Level I and Il, the CoCo l, 2 and 3, and terminals. enter the offset within the module to the byte you want to change. You are then shown tile current byte at that offset and are prompted for the new byte. If you want, you can even enter the data in ASCII fonnat by preceeding the ASCII character with a single or double quote. If the ASClJ value is preceeded by a double quote, the mostsignificant bit of the character is set. KwikGen allows you to copy the OS-9 Kernel to Track 34. This is especially useful for creating new boot disks or attempting to recover damaged boat disks. And if this isn 't enough, the package includes extensive on-line help for all commandsand it's easily accessible. KwikGen is an especially useful µtiliry that greatly speeds the process of creating and altering boot disks. The only thing 1 would add to the package is the ability to work with non-boot files - perhaps an allemate write function that doesn' t alter LSN 0. This could prove useful for creating customized shells and other fLies containing merged modules. (Gale Force Emer- prises,P.O. Box66036,StationF, Vancouver, BC V5N 5L4, Canada; $19.95 U.S . plus $4 S/H.) -Greg Law 4000 PRINT" Make sure pr1 nter is on and pos1t-1oned to top of fo rm and strike any key .•. ":EXEC44 539 4002 POKE65496.0:PRINT/l- 2.CHRS(2 7lCHRS( 77):: POKE65497. 0: RESTORE: FORK-lT09: REAOAS: NEXT 4004 FORA-1T03: FOR8-lT03: L(B )-0: NEXT: FORB-1 T040: PS ( B)-"" : NEXT: FO RK- lT03 : REAOK( K) : NEXT : FORK- 1T03: FORL-C KC K) -1 )*40+1 TO CKC Kl -1 )*40+ 40: I FFC Ll-lTHENLC Kl -LlK) +l 4006 NEXTL,K : lfLCl)•>L(2)ANOLCl l ->LC3lTHENI•LCJ) : GOT04012 4008 I FLC 2 >->LC llAND LC 2 l-> LC 3 lTH ENl-LC2): GOT04012 4010 IFLC3)->LCJ JANDLC3 l->LC2 JTH ENI-L(3) 4012 IFJ-0THENNEXTA:GOT030 4014 FORK-1T03:B-0 4016 FORL-(K(K) - 1)*40+1TO(K( K) - l )*40+40 : I FF( Ll-0THENNEXTL:GOT040 19E LSEB-B+l: CS-1$ ( L): Z-lNSTRC CS, ", "l: I FZ-0THEN401SELSECS-MJOS CJS CL l .z+l)+" "+LEFTS(U(LJ,Z-1) 4017 l FASC( LEFTS (CS. ll )-32THENCS ·RIGHTS (CS , LEN (CS l -1 l: GOT04017 4018 PS(B)-PSC8l+" "+Cs+STRJN GS C20-LEN CCS l. 32 l : NEXTL 4019 I FB< J THENFORL-B+ no I: PS ( L l-PS ( Ll+STRINGI C24, 32): NEXT 4020 NEXn: POKE65496, 0 : FORK-I TO I: PRI NTl/- 2. PS( Kl: NEXT : PRJNTl/ -2, C HRIC13) :POKE65497 ,0 : NEXTA 4022 POKE65496,0:PRINTll- 2,CHR$(2 7lCHRS(l9):: POKE65497 ,0 :GOT030 5000 PRINT" Vou sure? ": 5002 EXEC44539 :AS-I NKEVS: I FASO" N" ANOAS<> "V"THENSOUNOl. l: GOT0500 2ELSEPRINTAS: EXEC43345: I FAS-"N"T HEN30 5004 PRINT" Saving memory to dis k.":PRINT" One moment please .. • " 5006 OPEN"0",/,11."L!ST.OAT".21:FI ELDl/l, lSASAS. 3ASBS 5010 POKE65496 ,0: FORK-1 T0360 : LSE TAS-[ SC Kl : LSETBS-MIOS ( STRS CP ( Kl l ,2 l: PUTi/l. K: NEXT : CLS: END 6000 PRINT" Vou sure? ": 6002 EXEC44539:AS-INKEVS:IFAS<>" N"ANDAS<>"V"THENSOUNOl, l: GOT0600 2ELSEPRINTAS: EXEC43345: I FAS-"N"T HEN30 6004 PRINT" NO RETURN beyond thi s po 1ntl l" : PRJNT" Hit ENTER key to clear disk and restar t. Hit ESC to abort • •. " 6006 EX EC44539: AS-I NKEVS : I FAS<>C HRS( 13lTHENSOUNOl, l: GOT06006ELSE EXEC43345 600S PRINT" Trashing file .•• " :PO KE65496 ,0 : Kl LL" LI ST . 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OWL COMPUTER SERVICES 5950 Keystone Drive Bath, PA (215)-837-1917 d' <:haUKids & Us • Rva~ -u- St on,e Systems Computers & Games Pottilow11 AVI., RT. 663 P1n111blU'f (2/S)-679-3389 W11co1•ill1 Call/or Appl. (215)-48/.9715 Muhllnbll'fl Shoppinfl Pliwl R1adin1l (2/S)-921141540 A copy verify, copy, and DOS utilily. 2GAMES The Highest Quality for Years of Service 1Wc will select 2 games from our slock. hcsc arc sold for more than $20 each. Do nol mis1akc Ibis sort ware with cheap '" Public Domain" software which olhcrs offer. All of this sof1warc is copyrighted and profossiunal in quality. The lulor is unique with us and has helped 1housands of new users learn their disk drive. Drive 0 Systems (Half Height, Double Sided, SOLD OUT! ~ WE NEED CONTROLLERS! ~ IF YOU HAVE 502 CONTROLLERS, CALL USI Drive 1 Systems (Half Height, Double Sided, Direct Drives} 2G/40MJb 1186Dll: llued Sm.all Footprint c..., FCC Ct... B Approved 200 Wall Power Suppl1 7 El<pauloo Slota 4MBorRAM 40MB Hard Drive Sid. Reoolutloo VGA Color Mooltor • 2 H111b Deooll)r FD'1 • 101 Ke1boarcl D• • l&"l6MHs 886SlC Baaed • SmaU Footprint Cue • FCC Cl ... B Approved • 200 Woll Power Supply • 7 Ezp...Won Biota • • • • • • • • 3 UTILITIES Floppy Drive Systems $115. New 3.5", 720K Drives for OS-9 with & Power Supply $129. only$27.95 (or even better) only $6.95 with any Disk Drive Purchasell case SALE! Drive 1 Systems have drive, case, power supply. (You may require optional cable and/or DOS chip to use) Special for 0/1 Combos (0, 1,2,3) $199. (WITHOUT CONTROLLER) All drives arc new and fully a.~~emhled. We s~ip only FULLY TESTED and CERTIFIED at lhesc low prices. We use Fuji, YE Data, and olhcr fine brands. No drives arc used or surplus unless otherwise slaled to you when you order. We appear lo he the one of lhc fow advertisers in Rainbow who can truly make this claim. We have 7 years experience in I he CoCo disk drive markel! We arc able to provide support when you have a rrohlem. I Drives I Year Warranty I Our prices include adiscounl for cash bul do not include shirping. OWL·WAAE hU e liberal -""ant)' ,,o'icy. Outing lh• Mrrlllly pt15od, all de:JK1i'l9 lttml wll be tt:palltd Of ~ II CM opflo" II no cost lo lhe buytt exeepl fOf 1hipptng com. Clf ttd'I number fOf rerum. Rtilum of non-dlf-4• ot un· •utt'io1i1ed r.tum• ar• tubiecl tc- II service c.har~. QI.If August1992 8 THE RAINBOW Forms conttnued from Pag9 1 EXPENSES FOR MONTH screen . You· u then see a new screen, all of which is blank - except for the mp line. which is a reprint of the last line on the previous screen. To get back to the original screen, press S three times - Forms cycles the screens from l through 4. then back agai n. The current screen is always indicated at the bottom. The ability 10 use four different screens is also handy for creating multiple forms on one sheet of paper. All the key commands supported by Forms are shown in Figure 2, and we've covered the use of most of them. The Auto mode, however, also tlesenres some allention. It can be quite tiring to build a long line from individual graphic e lements, and most forms include quite a few such lines. The · -.' Arr.owi ".• 5 MEDI: CAL FOOD CLOTHlNG MISC.,. LOANS, •~ ··uz. ,,ft: P~.i:.wrei!i!cm:n {alli(onr ~- "0~:: ==~:~~~~·~~ { ! ;;;-: - ' ~y -T:E ! g~nCl'!!te .J~-.·- g(n&ate~ . piece::•, draw a v.erti.cal line ·dii:w a11oriZ<>nta1 liJiC c,243 . "" •· 20: 760 2Jri:170 2.w: '.1.Sti ~U2 ~ ' "'244 : -- 260;;: 250;::79!) ~2<>\-; 2:70, 8"l0 18 - 2~:120 r, ~~.::" 2~:':~!> ;•';!S;N J..[- c·= J(lP;c~ 31q;.:sso 1 ~~:' Automodemakeslhisjobmucheasier. To r - - - -........--:::-----.-=-=-:::---=----..---.----.......----..---::=----"1 use it, first position the cursor on a blank space,thenpressAfollowedbytheright arrow. The program will automalically draw ahthorizontallincfromthharaecurrentpothsition to enextnon-spacec cteror enext to last screen column. whichever comes first. The Auto mode works in a similar fashion for vertical lines - just press A followed by the down arrow. Forms is designed for use with a Radio Shack printer that SUpportS the Tandy printer codes. The graphics elements and their corresponding CHRS values are shown in Figure 3. By correlating these elements with the IBMEKtended Character Set, it is possible to modify Forms for use with Epson/IBM-compatible printers. Line 910 sets the serial-port speed to 4800 bps. Change or omit lhis poke as necessary for your printer. Forms runs in the high-speed mode except when printing - pressing The Listing: FORMS l 'FORMS 2 'BY JOHN MUSUMECI 3 ·cOPYRIGHT (Cl 1992 4 ·ey FALSOFT, INC. 5 'RAINBOW MAGAZINE 18 CLEAR7500:WIDTH41l : CLS5 20 PRINT"OO YOU WANT INSTRUCTION S? PRESS CY) IF MOT, PRESS ANOTHER KEY" 30 ONBRKGOT01110 40 lS•lNKEYS: IF u-·v· THEN 121111 ELSE IF !$•"" THEN 48 ELSE 50 CLS: PRINT"AOJUST PRINTER· PAPE R PERFORATION THEN P RESS <AMY KEY>" 68 OIHAS(l81): rr-1 711 FORA•l TO llll:AS(A)-STRINGS(S ~a 3 ~ ~~~~~~~$: [ F 1$•""THEN80 90 IF I $·CHR$C 3HHEN1110 1011 HSCREEN1:HCLS5 : HCOLOR2:S•l:C ~toexit~e=amalsoretu:sthe ~i~o~~~o o lo norm s - so you o not need to cut the baud setting in half for printing purposes. TheTandyprintercodes inlines940and960settheprinterforhalf· forwardandfull-forwardlinefeed. FeelfreetoexperimentwithForms,and modifyLheprogramtomeetyourindividualneeds-lhavenotyetincludedaSave/ Load feature, though it should be fairly easy to implement. The text and graphics elementsarestoredinsimple stringarrays. Forms is handy program for just about anyone. I know it has helped me a great deal. John Musumeci is a retired TV repairma11 whose sole hobby for the past eight years has been working with and programming the Color Compu ter. He may be contacted at 103-57 104 Street, Ozo11e Park. NY 11417, (718) 738-0212 . Please include an SASE when requesting o reply. 1111 •• . _:., i~?JI; ,. .gedefate . ·--. 1 n • CARDS . S !f~1. . .1'7.!1i,e{a:i~~~~,~~)·r~¥~: Linei _i . ·[;i40 - ~iilO~ 750 erase-c:har.icter at.cunent · sWitclf fo nexts"Creeifr~· CR. ....... move.tC> edge"of·SciCeii: ... ... • •• •• HEAT "-'if'" · mqy~~oui1d tire scr~ri: SBIFT,i.Arrt>wS'" E -2.: P· MORTGAGE OR . ) :BS-"NLZNUJ":GOTO 47 438 3811 If 1$-"U" OR IS-"u" THEN B-2 41:8$•"NLZNR3":GOTO 438 3le IF !$•"!" OR 1$•"1" THEN 8•2 45 : BS-"ND2NU3":GOTO 4311 320 IF u-·s· THEN 6211 330 IF IS•"E" THEN BS•"C5G2U5RD5 RU5ROSRUSRD5L3U2C2" : 8•32:GOTO 43 e 3411 IF U•CHR$(189) THEN u-e : GOT 0 47e 3511 IF 1$•CHR$(9) THEN GOSUB6111!J : z-z+l : X-X+6: IF X>316 THEN X-316: Z-52:GOTO JU ELSE 1411 368 IF l$•CHRSC93) THEN GOSUB60e : X•316:Z-52 :GOTO 148 378 IF 1$•CHR$C8) THEN GOSU86B0: ~7~o~~Xi~e mE xm THEN X•l0: Z• 3811 IF IS-CH RS( 21) THEN GOSU86118 :X-10:Z•l: GOTO 140 6 .. 7~~ ~~ : ~~~~~w~~l~H~~E~o~~~:~~ " .11:05":GOSUB llllll:GOTO 5911 5311 IF IS-CHRS(8) THEN HORAW"BH" +STRS ( X)+", "+STRS ( Y)+"C5G2U5R05R U5R05RU5R05L3U2C2" ' HORAW"BM4. II :C 505C2": z-1: x-10: GOTO 6110 5411 Hl0$(AS CAl .Z.ll-U : GOSUB600 : HPRINT(U,23) .1$ 550 IF IS<>CHR$(32l THEN HORAW"B H"+STRS CXl+". "+STRS CYl+" L2E2F2L2 NU2" 5611 x-x+6:Z-z+l:IF X>316 THEN x316:Z-52 57e HORAW"BM"+STRS ( x )+'', e: 05" see U-U+l:IF U>39 THEN U-39 59e GOSUB 1030:HPRINT(26,21>.Z:G OT048e 698 HDRAW"BH"+STRS(X)+" ,8:CSD5C2 ":RETURN 618 HDRAW"BMll. "+STRS ( Yl+"C5R6C2" :RETURN 628 HCLS5 638 IF S-1 THEN C-26:0-Sl:S-2:60 TO 6711 ~~8 }: S-2 THEN C-51: D-76: S•3: GO 6 65e IF S-3 THEN C-76 : D-llll:S-4:G OTO 6711 ~6: ~F S-4 THEN C•l : 0-26:S•l : GOT 7 670 XX-10:YY-10 6811 IFTT>3THEN6911ELSEAA-C:GOT0711 II 690 FOR AA-C TO D 7110 FORZZ-lT052 710 I IS-HIDSCAS(AAl.ZZ ,1): N•ASC( 11$) 7211 IF N-32 THEN870 7311 IF M>32 AND N<l28 THEN BS-"L 2E2F2L2NU2" : GOT0860 7411 IF N<240 OR N>2511 THEN8711 750 IF N-2411 THEN BS-"ND2NR3" :GO T0860 768 IF N-243 THEN BS•"ND2NL2NR3" :GOTOB611 770 IF N-242 THEN BS-"ND2NL2":GO m6~ F N-244 THEN BS•"N02MU3NR3" : GOTOB60 798 IF N-250 THEN BS-"N02NL2NU3N :~;'i~T~~~:9 980 1211 GOSUB10110:GOSUB1010 : GOSUB1B2 0 : GOSUB111311:GOSUB10411:GOSUB106B: GOSU81071il:GOSUB1080:GOSUB10911 130 X•lll:Y•lll:Z•l:A•C 1411 HDRAW"BH"+STRS(X)+".11;05" 150 HDRAW"BHll,"+STR$(Y)+"R6" 1611 GOT0451il 17111$-lNKEYS:IF l$•""THEN1711 1811 IF l$•CHRS(3 ) THEN lllll 191l IF IS•"A" OR IS•"a" THEN GOS ~mHl:HPRINTC 1. 21 l, "AUTO" : GOTO •C:GOTO 1411 ELSE 140 4011 IF IS-CHR$(95) THEN GOSUB610 :A•C:Y-lll : GOTO 140 410 IF IS•CHRS(lll) THEN GOSU8610 :A•A+l:Y-Y+6 :IF Y>l611 THEN Y-160 :A·D:GDTO 140 ELSE 1411 4211 IF IS·CHRS( 91) THEN GOSU8610 : A•O:Y•160:GOTO 140 4311 HDRAW "BM"+STRSCXl+". "+STRS( Yl+BS :~: ~~~~~A~~~~; ~O~~;c~m ~~PRINT m+~~RAW"BM"+STRSCXX )+", "+STRSC 2011 IF 1$-"P" OR IS- "p" THEN HOR AW"BM"+STRS( X)+" ,II ; C5D5C2" :HDRAW "8Mll,"+STRS(Yl+"C5R6C2":GOTO 910 210 IF U-"R" OR U-"r" THEN 8-2 40:8$· "ND2NR3":GOTO 4311 2211 IF 1$•"T" OR 1$•"t" THEN 8•2 43:8$•"ND2NL2NR3":GOTO 430 230 IF IS·"Y" OR !S•"y" THEN 8•2 42:8$• "ND2NL2":GOTO 430 240 IF IS- "F" OR 11-"f" THEN B-2 44 : BS•"ND2NU3NR3":GOTO 430 250 IF IS·"G" OR Il•"g" THEN B-2 51l:BS·"ND2NL2NU3NR3":GOTO 4311 260 IF IS- "H" OR ll•"h" THEN B-2 49:BS•"N02NL2NU3":GOTO 430 270 IF 1$-"V" OR I l•"v" TH EN 8•2 46: BS•"NU3NR3": GOTO 430 280 IF rs-··s· OR [ l•"b" THEN B-2 48 : B$•"NL2NU3NR3": GOTO 430 290 IF IS-"N" OR ll•"n" THE N B-2 (15,2ll.S:HPR!Nl(26.21),Z: HPRJNT (36 ,21) .A 460 GOTO 170 470 GOSUB llllll : HPRINT(l,21),"TEX T" 480 IS•INKEYS: IF IS•"" THEN 480 4911 IF IS-CHR$(189) OR 1$-CHRSCI 3) THEN GDSUB1050:GOSUB 11110:HPR INT<ll .21 l. "GRAPHIC":GOTO 170 5011 IF IS-CHRS(94) OR IS-CHRS(l0 ) THEN 480 Sllil IF IS•CHRS(9) THEN GOSUB601l: Z•z+l:X•X+6:HORAW"BH''+STRS(X)+", 0:05 " :IF X} 316 THEN X-316:Z•52:G OTO 590 ELSE 5911 520 IF IS•CHRI ( 8 )ANDZ > ITHENHDRAW" BM"+STRSCX · 6 )+", "+S TRSC Y>+"C5G2U 5RD5RU5RD5RU5RD5L3U2C2": GOSUB601l : MIDI ( Al (A) , Z· 1.1)·CHRS(3 2) : U· Ul:Z·Z· l:X-X-6:HDRAW"BM"+STR S( X)+ 870 XX-XX+6:NEXT ZZ:YY-YY+6:XX-l 11 880 IF TI<4 THEN 91111 890 NEXT AA 900 TT•TT+l:GOT0120 910 POKE150, 7: '***BAUD RATE*** 920 POKE65496,0: '***SLOW-DOWN PO KE*** 930 FOR AA•l TO 7:PRINTl/ · 2:NEXT AA 9411 PRINTll · 2.CHR$(27);CHRSC28):' ***HALF -FORWARD LINE FEED* 0 9511 FOR AA-1 TO llll:PRINTll - 2,TAB C14 l ;A$(AAl:NEXT AA 960 PRINTl/ -2: PRINTl/-2,CHRS(27);C HRIC 54) 970 FOR AA-1 TO 7: PRI NTll· 2: NEX T AA 9811 POKE65497. 0 : '***H I GH SPEED P OKE*** :GOT08611 810 IF N-246 T0868 820 IF N•24B :GOT08611 . 830 If N·247 T0860 840 IF N•241 T0860 8511 IF N-245 THEN BS•"ND2NL2NU3" THEN BS-"NU3NR3" : GO THEN BS•"NL2NU3NR3" THEN BS•"NL2NU3" : GO THEN 8$•"NL2NR3":GO THEN BS-"N02NU3" August 1992 THE RAINBOW 990 GOTO 120 1000 HDRAW"BM0, 164: R319DL319": RE TURN 1010 HLINE (0,166)-(55.175l.PRESE T.BF:RETURN 1020 HLINE(126,166) - (136,177l,PR ESET, BF: RETURN 1030 HLINE(210,166)-(234,177),PR ESET ,BF:RETURN 1040 HLINE(290,166)-(319,177l.PR ESET, BF: RETURN 1050 HDRAW"BM0, 184 :C5R319DL319DR 319DL319DR319DL319DR319DL319C2": RETURN 1060 HPR!NT(0,21),"GRAPH!C" : RETU RN 1070 HPR!NT(9,21),"SCREEN":RETUR N 10B0 HPRINTC20.2ll."ACROSS" : RETU RN 1090 HPRINT<32,21) ,"DOWN" :RETURN 1100 HORAW"BM"+STR$( U*8)+" .191 :C 5UBRDBRU8RD8RUBRDBC2": RETURN 1110 POKE65496.0:WIDTH 32:END 1120 IF M!0$(AS(Al.Z.ll<>CHRS(32 ) THEN GOSU81010: GOSUB1060: GOTOl 70 1130 JS-INKEYS:IF IS-"" THEN 113 0 1140 IF JS-"A" OR U•"a" THEN GO SUB 1010 : GOSUB1060 : GOT0170 1150 IF IS•CHRS(9) AND X<>316 TH EN HDRAW"BM"+STR$ ( X)+". "+STRS (Y) +"NL2NR3BR6": MIDS (AS (A). Z, l)•CHR s (241): GOSUB600: z-z+ 1: x-X+6 : HORA W"BM"+STRS(X)+",0;D5":GDTO 1180 ELSE IF !S•CHRS(9) THEN GOSUB 10 10: GOSUB1060: GOTOl 70 1160 IF IS•CHRS(l0) THEN HDRAW"B M"+STRS ( Xl+", "+STRS ( Yl+"ND2NU3BD 6": HIDHAS(A) ,z, l)•CHRSC245): HOR AW"BM0, " +STRSCY )+"C5R6C2" :A•A+l: Y•Y+6: GOT01190 1170 GDT01130 1180 IF MID$CA$ ( A) , Z,l)<>CHR$(32 ) OR X-316 THEN GOSUB 1010:GOSUB 1060:GOTO 170 ELSE 1150 1190 IF M!DS(AS(A),Z.ll<>CHRS(32 ) DR A•D THEN GOSUB 1010:GOSUB10 60:Y-10:A-C : GOTD150 ELSE1160 1200 CLS: LOCATEll .0: PR! NT"GRAPH I C MODE" : PRINT 1210 PR!NT"PRESS":LOCATE25.2 : PR! NT" FUNCTION" 1220 PR!NT:PRJNT"ARROWS":LOCATEl 5.4:PRINT"MOVE AROUND SCREEN" 1230 PRJ NT"SHIFT I ARROWS" : LOCATEl 5, 5: PRINT"MOVE TO EDGES" 1240 PRJNT"E":LOCAT£15,6:PRINT"T 0 ERASE" 1250 PRINT"P" : LOCATE15, 7 : PRINT"T 0 PRINTER" 1260 PRJNT"S":LOCATE15,8 : PRINT"G OTO NEXT SCREEN" 1270 PRINT"CTRL": LOCATE15,9 : PRIN T"ENTER TEXT MODE" 12B0 PRINT"A":LOCATE15,10:PRINT" ENTER AUTO MODE" 1290 PRINT:PRINT"R,Y.V,N":LOCATE l5,12:PRJNT''DRAW CORNERS" 1300 PRINT"T,F,H,B":LOCATE15,l3 ; PRINT"DRAW T's" 13Hl PR!NT"G":LOCATE15,14:PRINT" DRAW CROSS" 1320 PR!NT"J":LOCATE15.15:PRINT" DRAW VERT. LINE" 1330 PR!NT"U"; LOCATElS, 16: PR! NT" DRAW HORIZ. LINE" 1340 PR!NT:PR!NT"DO NOT DRAW A G RAPHIC OR CHARACTER OVER ANOTHER GRAPHIC OR CHARACTER WITHOUT ERASING FIRST." 1350 LDCATE12,22 : PRINT"PRESS ANY KEY" 1360 1$-INKEY$:IF IS•'"' THEN 136 0 1370 HSCREENl : HCLS5 : HCOLOR2 1380 HPRINT(8,l),"0RAWING INGRA PHIC HOOE" 1390 H-B3 ; V-44: FOR X-1 TO 5: HCI R CLE(H, V) ,l0:H•H+40: NEXT X 1400 H-92:V•9l:FOR X·l TO 3:HCIR CLE(H.V),10:H-H+40:NEXT X 1410 H·l00:V•147 : FOR X•l TO 3:HC !RCLE(H,V),10:H•H+40:NEXT X 1420 HPRINT(!0,5),"R":HPRINT(!5 , 5). "T": HPRINT< 20, 5 l. "Y": HPRINT< 2 5.5), "U":HPRINT(30,5J. "I" 1430 HPRINT<ll.ll)."F" : HPRINTC16 .11 ). "G" : HPRI NT( 21.11 ) , "H" ~lt<all~ NX-1020 This CoCo compatible NX-1020 system sets new standards In color printer performance ... 225 cps, 4 NLO fonts including Script, plus a high speed draft font; but the enhancements don't stop there, Add a 16k buffer.aspecial quiet mode.1op feed. bottom and rear tractor.and the llst goes on. Seven on-demand colors, B color graphic modes, -Epson and IBM emulation for maximum software compatibility. Virtually everything desired In a printer Is here - speed. color and versatility at an affordable price with a 2 year warranty. 1440 HPRINT02.18J , "V":HPRINT07 , 18). "B" :HPRINT( 22, lB), "N" 1450 HPRINT(l2,21)."(KEYBOARDJ": HPRINT(9,23). "PRESS ANY KEY TO C ONT." 1460 HPRINT<0.3),"dr•ws -> ":HDRA W" BMB0, 30 ;U6R6BR37 N06NL3R3BR40NL 6 LD6BU3BR35 R6BR37 NU303" 1470 HPRINTC0,9J,"dr•ws -> ":HORA W"BM92. 75: NU3ND3NR6B R40NL3NU3NR3 N03BR40NL3NU3ND3" 1480 HPRINT(0,16), "draws ->":HOR AW"BM100 , 133: NU6R6BL3BR37N L3NR3N U6BR37R6U6" 1490 IS•! NKEH: IF IS•"" THEN 149 0 1500 WIDTH40 1510 LOCATE13,0:PRINT"TEXT MODE" 1520 PRINT: PRINT" ENTER TEXT AS Y OU NEED TO, AT ANY TIME." : PR!NT" BACK -S PACE. TO CORRECT." 1530 PRINT"WHEN DONE. PRESS <ENT ER> OR <CTRL> . " 1540 PRINT : PRINT"DO NOT ENTER TE XT DIRECTLY BE LOW OTHER TEXT Wl THOUT SKIPPING A LINE BECAUSE TH EPRINTER JS IN HALF - FORWARD LINE FEED ANO WIL L PRINT OVER PART 0 F CHARACTERS - " 1550 PRINT"GRAPHICS CAN BE ENTER ED BETWEEN TEXT WITHOUT PROBL EMS." 1560 LOCATE8,21:PRINT"PRESS ANY KEY TO CONT . " 1570 1$•INKEY$:1F !$•"" THEN 157 0 1580 CLS: LOCA TE1 3, 0: PR! NT" AUTO M ODE" 1590 PRINT:PRJNT"PRESS CA) TO RE TURN, BEFORE USING, ELSE:" 1600 PR!NT:PRINT"PRESSING RIGHT/ ARROW KEY WI LL DRAW A HOR I Z. LINE FROM THAT POINT TO NEXT TO LAST COLUMN . " 1610 PRINT:PRINT"PRESSJHG DOWN/A RROW KEY WILL DRAW A VERT. L !NE FROM THAT POINT. DOWN THE SCREEN, STOPPI NG ROW BEFORE LAS 1620 PRINT: PRINT" AUTO WI LL NDT 0 This Coco compatible NX-1001 system is fully featured with 4 NLO plus a dratt font, 10 character sizes from subscript to quadruple siZ8, 4k buffer. 180 cps, friction and tractor feed, and much much more. Backed by a 2 Year warranty. Epson and IBM emulation modes for maximum software compatibllity. A performer so versatile you may never exhaust ifs creative possibilities! The Ultimate Serial to Parallel lntertacel The Blue Streak Ultlma 7 SW/tr:hab/e Baud Rates • 300 thru 19200! • 888 Our Plug'n'Ga far the Coco system Includes: S • NX-t001 Mult/ Font Ptlnter 18 • An Interlace cable that converts the serial output of a Coco 1, 2 or 3 to astandard parallelformat,compatlble with modern parallel printers. Connectingthe Ultimaisaseasyasplugginglnthecable!Thelourpin dlnplugslntotheserial l/OportotyourCoCoandtheotherend, a36 ~:n~:np:fn%~'.· connects to the parallel port Dir Plug'n'Ga for the Coca system Includes: • NX· 1020 Mutt/ Font Co/at Ptlntot • Blue Stnlak Ultima •SoltwareSuppott Dlsk .s1osh1pp1no&1nsuranai •Blue Streak Ult/ma ~.._----------------~....._,· •SoftwateSuppott Disk STAR 24 WIRE PRINTER SYSTEMS ALSO AVAILABLE! ,. ,. ,.. ,. 1 dM . .. ,. II fi i l • Co/at Graphics Utilities , 510 s•·~"'' '""'""" ,,;o.,o compaf,,,1e• .,a.or an onow11ome •,,;a or pi c ng 23995 PERA TE IF NOT STARTED FROM A BLANK SPACE . IT WI LL STOP DRAWIN G WHEN IT DOES NOT ENCOUNTER A B LANK SPACE." 1630 LOCATE12,21:PRINT"PRESS ANY KEY" 1640 1$-INKEYS:IF JS-"" THEN 164 0 1650 GOTO 50 T." ~ltcillF NX-1001 S 9 The Ultima Is powered with the+5Vsupplied by mos< printers on pin 18• If your printer does not have +5V on pin 1B you'll need to add the power option when ordering. S3995 •l2Shlpplllf POWERED VERSION ADD $6.00 Order Your System Today ... Call (513) ,885 . . 5999 DAYTON ASSOCIATES orHw.,.,•., INC. 9644 Quailwood Trail • Spring Valley, Ohio 45370 Ep:son IU ltglsll!tld Uadl rnnltot 5'1'°fpsonO>rp. llJMll" rtVSllfld Uadell\ll'c Ol lnttrnallofllJ autlnm WcNfl9S CO.p ~ ~ i•B•I Vo5.1&Mos1e<wdAccep1e<i Ohio ,..,d.nis add 6.5% " '"' ••• co_ o •dd $4 .00 · ......,..,,..~o:;;,:..;:;:;.~::.:.·.':.'!',.'::=:·"'"'""""''" IAllOayton As soc Iate 's pro ducts have a 30 day moneyback guarantee. THE RA INBOW August 1992 10 OS-9/68000 should be placed in the Applications (6809) database, at least for now. The same rule applies to the following two ,.~· - _ _ _ _ _ _ Delphi topic pairs. ,.,... , - - -Hure ..u1 Telecom (6809) and OSK Telecom: These topics are self-descriptive. Any file, programs, or data related to telccommunicating belongs here. This includes Bulletin Board Systems (BBSs), file-transfer protocols such as Kennit, terminal programs, and any utilities that are telecommunicaLast month I promised to describe what tions oriented. kinds of files are stored in each database in System Modules (6809) and OSK the OS-9 SIG, now that the database reor- System Mod ules : Patches and updates to ganization is completed. Most of the data- the operating system reside here. A patch base names are self-descriptive, but there for AciaPak belongs here-even though it are always some files that defy classifica- is used for relecommunications - because tion. In figures I through 4. I've listed the Ac1 a Pak is a system module. Custom driv.--- - - -- - -- - - -- - - ..... .-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . Announcements BBS Archives Doors Patches Humor News Protocols Reviews Terminal Programs Update UUCP ,j~ it.-~ = . ----- Graphics applies here: Do 11ot upload copy- righted digitized sounds. Programmers Den: This databa<e topic is where budding programmers can find new libraries, programming tools such as make and 1ex, disassemblers, program skeletons, compilers and interpreters, programming demos designed to give programming tips, and documentation to any of the above. Basically, anything designed to make a programmer' s life easier should be uploaded here. T utor ials & Education: Beginners and people trying to do something for the first time (such as install Multi-Vue or program in C) should look here to find help. You can find articles describing disk fragmentation (and bow to avoid it), an introduction to OS-9 , help configuring your floppy drives, a tutorial explaining how to upload to the databases, a new OS-9 he 1p utility and many more useful groups. Standards: This is the emptiest database in the OS-9 SIG. If you are uploading information about an existing or proposed standard, this is where it belongs. Thus, information about the Ymodem protocol Figure 1: Primary Keywords Figure 3: Pr.imary Keywords should be uploaded here, but information for ~neral Information for T elecom (6809) .__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __. ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' about a program inplementing Ymodem OS-9 SIG Database Primary Keywords primary keywords for severru of the databases. The remaining databases - Standards, Games & Graphics, Music & Sound, Programmers Den. OSK Applications, OSK Telecom, OSK System Modules, and Tutorials & Education - don' t have primary keywords set up yet. I will report the rest as they are finalized. The primary keywords should give you a general flavor of what kinds of files belong in each database topic. I'll add some prose to describe the contents of each topic: New Up loads: Do not upload files to this topic! This database is a temporary staging area where all new database groups appear for about a month (a little bit longer if I'm unusually busy at work, alittlebit less when l catch up at the end of the month, but always long enough so that people who check in at least once a month have to check only one database). Submit your group to the database you want it moved to after it bas spent a month in New Uploads. General Information: This is the database to check for product information, as product announcements and reviews belong here. General Information is also the "everything else" database, containing random news, humor, politics, and other stuff that doesn 't quite tit in any other database. Applications (6809) and OSK A pplications : These are the " meat-and-potatos" database topics for 6809- and 68000-based OS-9 users,respectively. This is where you will find file archivers, c8lculators, calendar programs, disk utilities, analysis tools, editors, spn:adsheets, and other applications and utilities. Note that some applications and utilities are located in other database topics. A graphics digitizer should be placed in Games & Graphics; terminal programs belong in the Telecom databases. Patches for any program that belongs in this topic should also be placed here. For example, a parch for DynaCalc, which is an application, belongs here. A group containing executables for both OS-9/6809 and Archiveis Database Patches Productivity Text Processing Utilities Figure 2: Primary Keywords for Applications (6809) belongs in one of the Telecom topics. Disk I/O Parallel Communications Serial Communications Screen Drivers Speciality (other) Figure 4: Primary K eywor ds for System M odules (6809) ers and enhancements to OS-9 are stored here as well . Games & Graphics: Graphics files such as VEF and GIF images belong here, as do the programs that allow you to view them. You must have the right to upload any picture files, however. Do not upload a digitized news photo or a picture from a magazine or cartoon: these picrures are copyrighted. Games also belong in this database. If you upload a picture file, please put the type of picture file at the end of the group name. Here is an example: MARINE CORPS EMBLEM ( VEFl DATA JAN-92 BRWOOLSTRUH The above example broaches another topic: meaningful group names. Brian W oolstrum could have named bis group USMC. VEF. The name he gave above is much more meaningful; it describes exactly what is drawn. If you upload a data file for a game, such as R.ick Adams' OAJ, then follow the group name with ( OA I l, as above. You may notice that there is only one Games & Graphics database topic. Uploads for both OS-9/6809 and OS-9/68000 belong here. If your program or data is useful only on a 68000-based system or on any single computer, mention this in the group description and add an appropriate keyword. If your program runs on any 68000based computer, then the keyword OSK is sufficient. Thesamerulesapplytoall of the following topics. M u sic & Sound: Any program or data that creates, plays, digitizes or reproduces sound or music belongs here, just as the topic name suggests. In this topic, you find scores of UltiMusE fi.les and many digitized sounds, as well as the programs to play them. Any MIDI-related programs belong here, such as MIDI parch editors for synthesizers. Also, any documentation related to music, sound, MIDI, or programs belonging here should be placed in this database topic. The same rule applying to Games & You will notice files in the databases that do not follow the rules as stated above. Deciding which topic a group belongs to can be confusing at times. As Greg Law and I find files that belong in a different topic, we will move them. lf you have trouble deciding which topic to upload your group to, you may want to see what is already in the database topics you are trying to decide between. Greg Law uploaded ALPHA DIRECTORY, which conrains a full directory of each database topic with descriptions of each group in each topic. Be warned that this file is about 340K after it is decompressed! March 1992 Uploads In the General Information database, James Jones (JEJONES) and Marty Goodman (MARTYGOODMAN) uploaded some very exciting information about the Hitachi 6309 chip - a drop in replacement for the 6809. The 6309 has some hidden features that could prove very useful. Rick Ad ams (RICKADAMS) released some utilities that manipulate a disk's granule allocation table. While these utilities can be very useful, use them with extreme caution! As with any disk editor, you can easily corrupt your disk. C harles West (SANDRIDER) released the DS-9SIG COMPRESS 4 . 3:COMPRESSJON UTILITY INFO ON UPGRADE2. 5 PATCH KIT DONAI.DLF Les Lie Donaldson 6309 UNMASKED 1 MARTYGOODMAN Marty Goodman HITACHI 6309 CPU lNFO JEJONES James Jones FILE ALLOCATION TABLE UTILITIES RICKADAMS Rick Adams INVENTORY PROGRAM · DEMO MOHRT Tim Mohr TICKLE: REMINDER SYSTEM RICKGRA Y Rick Gray CAL2TEXT: DYNACALC FILE FIXER SIMHRUBIK Sim Hrubik ADDLF - ADD LI NE FEED UT! LI TY JMLSOFT Sim McDowclt CALC: SIMPLE CALCULATOR RICKULAND Ric.k Ultand TELEPHONE LOG, ETC. Jim Hrubik 1IMHRUB!K SEE: TEXT FI LE VIEWER Jim Manning GROW : GARO EN I NG PROGRAM Phillip Voucrs Michael Peuacci DYNACALC BUSINESS TEMP LATES JlMHRUBIK Jim Hrubik TIHECARD : PUNCH THAT CLOCK! JIMHRUBIK Sim Hrubik GOALCHART: STUDENT GOALS JIMHRUBIK Jim Hrubik MERGE MODULES INTO BK BLOCKS RAJNMAKER Appllcatlons (6809) GOOCH I Eddie Kuns is pursuing a docroraie in physics at Rutgers University. He lives in Aurora, Illinois, and works as a programmer and researclur al Fermi/ab. Eddie is the OS9 Online database mamnager; his username is EDDIEIWNS PEfR.AS 1 General lnfonnation JIMBM latest version of Ron Bihlcr's RiBBS, Version 2 .02S. RiBBS is a Fidonet-compatible CoCo BBS. In the System Modules (6809) topic, E ugene Anderson (OIGEN40) uploaded a patch to In 1 t that allows you to place the CC3Go module in your CMDS directory rather than in your OS9Boot file; you recover about a page (256 bytes) of OS-9 system space by doing this, because you make your OS9Boot file smaller. Matthew Thompson (MATHUMl'SON) announced the new SCSI hard disk drivers that he is working on. These drivers support 512-byte sectors. R ichard Kott k e (RICHKOTTKE) uploaded a public domain Motorola floating-point math subroutine library module for OS-9/6809. Richard also submitted a cross assembler written in BASIC09 for the Intel 8051 microcontroller. In the OSK Applications to pic, Mike H a ala nd (MIKEHAALAND) released fstat, similiar to the Multi-Vue version of fstat, that shows a file's file-descriplor information. Bryan Clingman (BRYANC) uploaded MicroEmacs 3.JJ C - the latest version available. John Donaldson (VAXELF) submitted a description of the OS-9/68000 F$Rename Set Status call that was released onto USENet by Microware. In the Standards topic, Ed G resick (EDEL.MAR) submitted a proposed printer standard for OS-9/68000 PrintCap, similiar to Termcap. The CoCo SlG databases were unusually slow during March. Marty Goodman published the 6309 secrets article in the Source for 6809 Assemblers topic. This is the same article he posted to the OS-9 SIG General Information database. In the Utilities & Applications topic, De nver P a ge (DENPAG) released an updated version of DISKUTILITIES. This program allows you to copy, move, delete, and rename files, or just erase an entire disk. You can also use the program to scramble a directory, making the disk unusable until you unscramble the directory. Richard McNabb (RICKMAC) uploaded PRINTOUT-aprogram that dumps 32-, 40- or 80-column text screens to your printer. Edwanl J. Niklas UNLZH ES: DECOMP LHAILHARC FILES Nonnan Rheawne GSDRT: MULTJVUE DIRECTORY SORT COGITATR WOAY Jim Martin ALARM : ALARM CLOCK COHHAND RICHKO'ITKE Richard Kottke Telerom (6809) RIBBS V2.02S SHAREWARE BBS SANDRIDER Charles West TODAY : UPDATED H1STORY FI LES BSCHWING Baron Schwing System Modules (6809) lNITPCH: FOR CC3GO IN CMDS DIR 01 GEN40 Eugene Anderson 80 COLUMN /TERM WINDOW EARIBER Shawn Driscoll NEW WINDOW DEVICES NEW GCAL FOR MULTIVUE EARTH.ER DKINDBERG 512 - BYTE COCO SCS I ANNOUNCEMENT Darren Kindberg Shawn Driscoll August 1992 THE RAINBOW MATilOMPSON Matlhew Thompson 11 Feature Program Games & Graphics MM/l RAYTRACEO GRAPHICS MlKEHAALAND Mike Haaland Programmers Oen FLOATING POINT MATH MODULE RICHKO'ITKE Richllrd Kouke 8051 ASSEMBLER RICHKOTIKE Richurd Kottke Coco Makes a Quick Note Taker I I OSK Applications GIFSHOW 2 . 0 EO. FOR THE MM/l MIKEHAALAND Mike Haaland LllARC VI. 03 Mike Haaland MCKEHAALAND FSTAT: FILE STAT. UTILITY MlKEHAALAND Mike Haaland M!C ROEMACS 3. UC EX ECUTABL E BRYANC Bryan Clingman MICRO EMACS 3. llC Bryan Clingman BRYANC 1991 US TAX TEMPLATE {FORM 1040) KSCALES Ken Scales RENAME SETSTAT FOR OSK 2.4 VAXELF John Donuldson GCC MEMORY BUG PATCH VAXELF John Donaldson PEARLS Vl. 02 PAGAN Stephen Carville OSK System Modules XWINDOWS (XllR4) DEMO KIT THEFERRET Philip Brown E a d is a "quickie" 32-column screen edHor - it allows you to type text on 32-by- l 6 screen a.n<l save that text to disk. The program is great for "joning down" quick notes. (Since the program uses the 32-column screen, it is also ideally suited for use with the T P- 10 printer; I use PRT from the February 1990 issue of TIJE RAINBOW.) The idea behind Ed is simple: 1be Color Computer (any model) stores its 32-column screen text in memory locations 1024 through 1535 ($400 th rough $5FF). Line 70 saves these locations in binary format . Once you'vesaved the text, all you need to do is load the file as a machine-language program and the text reappears onscreenthe text is placed directly into screen memory. Ed was written for the CoCo 3 and is designed foruse with a disk drive. But the program is easy to modify for tapebased CoCos - simply change SAVEM to CSAVEMand LOA DMto CLOADM. Coc o land 2 users can make use of the general idea presented, but you must delete Linc JOand insert a check for a save-and-quit key other than BRRAK. You can use preny much any key-just make sure you won't need it for the text you want to enter. I hope you enjoy this simple screen editor. ! find it casierand less bothersome at times than loading a word processor. Since it loads in a flash and i so easy to use, Ed is ideal for writing quick notes and shopping I -----=== lists. I'm sure you 'II fi nd other uses for it as well. I ----1 Trevor Boehm is a 1e111h grade student whose greatest passion is challenging compurers wirh new programs. He has par1icipa1ed i11 several science fairs and has received numerous awards for his work. He ca11 be contacted al 77 fllwood Cres., Winnipeg, MB R2Y IA2, Canada. Please include an SASE when reques1ing a reply. Standards PRJ NTER CONTROL Ed Grcsick EDELMAR CaCaSIG The Listing: ED Source fo r 6809 Assemblers 6309 REVEALED! MARTYGOODMAN U tiliti~s Marty Goodmwi & Appl icaUuns DISK UTILITIES Denver Page· DENPAG TEXT SCREEN PRJ NTOUT RICKMAC Richard McNabb 1 'EP 1. 0 LO RES SCRCCN [OJTOR 2 ' BY TREVOR BOEHM 3 'COPYRIGHT (C) 1992 4 'BY FALSOFT, ! NC. 5 'RAIN BOW HAGAZI NE ~~o~~;~ml3. 0: PA LETT El~. 63: ONBR EVOR BOEHM":PR!NT"<C> 1991 BY FA LSOFT , INC.•: PRINT" ALL RlGHTS RE SERVED." 30 LINEINPUT"F!LENAME»"; FS 40 PRI NT"PRESS THE <BREAK> KEY T 0 SAVE":FORX-1T01000: NEXT 20 CLS:eRJNT"EO 1.0":PRINT"LORES TEXT SCREEN EDITOR": PRI NT"BY TR 60 PR I NTlNKEYS ::GOT060 70 SAVEMFS. 1024, 1535,1024 80 PR! NT" USE THE COMMAND:": PR ! NT : PR! NT" LOADM"+CH RS {34 )+FS+CHR S( 3 4 ): PRI NT:PRl"NT" JO SEE T~E FI LE" 90 EXEC44539: RUN s0 els ~ ( CoCo III Tool Kit ) Disk Commands Baclc11p, lnltlallu, DluctorJ, Verl/J, Compare, S1arch, EdU, Erase, Spud Tisi, Slip Rat1 Tut, Gran Table AnalJ&ll & R1palr File Commands Arclv., CopJ, Kill, Rename, Erase, View, EdU, Print, Compare, Salvage, Search, VerlfJ, Tut Arclv1, UnXmodem Send/Rec. Arclv1, Coco Tools is a comprehensive set of disk utilities, providing the most complete set of functions available for the standard R.S. DOS disk system. Comparable in scope and functionality to that of the famous utility available for MS-DOS computers "PC-TOOLS"! Coco Tools provides fast and easy operation of standard DOS commands like Copy, Rename, Kill, Disk Initialize and Directory thru a consistent and easy to use interface. It provides easy visual selection of files, so multiple file operations can be carried out with very few keystrokes. Coco Tools is also the most Comprehensive Disk Repair program availuble, it Automatically diagnosis and repairs file allocation errors, locates corrupt directory information and cross linked files . It provides fast and easy recovery of deleted files without the drudgery normally associated with killed file recovery. It also does lightning fast disk I/O for fast Backup and Copying at speeds you thought only higher priced computers could perform. Coco Tools bas multi-file Arciving, UnArciving and Test Arciving functions plus the ability to extract any selected group or individual files from a compressed file with easy visual file selection. And allows customizing of display colors, printer/Serial baud rate, Drive step rates and Directory sorting preference. Coco Tools requires a 128K Coco Ill, l Disk drive and an 80 column display $49.95 To order by VISA, MASTERCARD or COD Call Toll Free 1-800-383-8529 (Monday tbru Saturday, Sam to Spm PST). To order by mail, send check or money order for the amount of the program plus $4.00 for shipping and handl ing to : Cer-Comp Ltd. 5566 Ricochet A venue Las Vegas, NV 89110 702-452-0632 JWT Enterprises Optjmjze 1Jtilitv Set 1: Optlmlze your disks by ellmlnattng fragmented Illes and compacttng your dlrcctorteo for faster Jlle acceaa. Running time averages one hour. Also Includes a utility to assess Ole fragmentallon and directory fragmentation as well as excess directory padding. Can work In conjunction With Burke &: Burke's repack utility. Look for upcoming review In Rainbow. $29.95: ll'o.reiCD Poataee. add $3.00 Optjmjze JJtjljty Set 2; Contains two programs to check the Integrity of your disks. Detect and correct any directory or flle s tructure e rrors. Run periodically and before any optimizations to Insure the rcUablllty of your data. Look for upcoming review In Rainbow. $19.911; ll'onlg.n Poata11e, add $3.00 Optjmiie Utilitv Set Pac; Comblna tlon of both optimize sets. Pun:hasers of the OptlmUe Utlllty Set J can upgrade for $9.95 With proof of purchase. $39.911; ll'oreJ&n Poata11e, add $4.00 Njpe-Tjmes; Each Issue contains: 9 helpful and useful programs to help build your OS-9 IJbraiy • Instructions, examples. and samples of Baslc09 procedures and subroutines to help with your own programs and your understanding of Bas!c09 • C programs and programmlng examples • Hints, Help columns, and Informative articles to advance your knowledge of 05-9 • SupplJcd totally of 5.25" disk• Bound manual sent to each new subscriber for help In getting Nlne-Thnes up and running, as well as tips on u sing It With a ram dtsk or hard disk • All graphic/joystick Interface for ease of use. One Yeu Subacripdon, $34.95; Cuuullan Poataee. add $1.00: Forelp Poetaae. add $8.00 Back Issues: Available for the May 1989 through November 1991 Issues. Please write for Informa tion on Back Issue con Lents. $7 .00 each; Forelp Poatage, add $2.00 each Maeazine Source; Due to many !nq utrtes , the sou rce code for the magaztne graphic presentation shell ls being provided as an Informational tool. Included ts the actual B.-..slc09 source rode and compiled mod ules on disk, as wclJ as documentation and a printed copy of the source code. $25.95: ll'orelp Poatage, add $11.00 JWT Enterptises 5755 Lockwood Blvd. Youngstown, OH 44512 Tt.x Jmu·.il A:-..~1s.t~uwc & l nqulril..''.'> : (216) -758·7694 ~ RAINBOW C( lllTlrlCa'flO'I ,,.,,._,,.......,....u.a.~,...ca..a..-,_.,..jlltm•r.....12.. "'" Sorry. no C.O.D.'s or c:n:dll carrls: Foreign & Canadian orders. please use U.S. monq ordcn. U.S. checks, allow 6-8 weeks for receipt of first issue/back issue. 12 THE RAINBOW August 1992 Key Frames continued from Page 1 Going Ahead With the Computer Computer animation is simply a process by which a set of graphics lines and/or points are made to move from one location t.o another. In computerized key-frame animation, the animator defines the points in two critical frames and the computer is u ed to compute the point locations between pairs of points in the starting and ending frames. In a conventional animated story there are many sets of key frames, requiring hours of tedious band drawings. Given the resources, the challenge when using a computer is to create interesting animation in spite ofthecomputer'sartifacts resulting from linear interpolation. Both approaches reqnire several ' tweens for smooth animation, but a hand-drawn line is always smoother than a curve as seen on a computer monitor. Let's look at an application of key-frame interpolation. We ' II use the technique to transform a simple square into a diamond shape. Figure I shows the two key frames along with one in-between frame. One "rule" of key-frame animation is that there must be the same number of poims in the starting and ending frames. The secret is to choose the positions of these vertices carefully. The illusion shown in Figure 1 i deceptive. The eye sees only the four vertices in the starting and ending frames . However, the object in each frame really contains six points. Figure 2 shows two techniques for hiding the extra vertices necessary for this animation example. Point 4 does not show in the bottom line of the square object (starting frame) because it i in line (colinear) with points 3 and 5. In the end frame, showing the diamond, points 1 and 2 have converged into Lhe san1e spot, so Liley appear to be one point in the last frame. Also illustrated by figures 1 and 2 is the importance of placing the points and shapes in such a way that the changes between shapes flow in an interesting pattern. Thi takes time to design , and it is a necessary part of the an of computer animation that is not handled the same way for traditional animation. Were we actuaJJy animating the transfom1a1ion from a square to a diamond, we would use more than one in-between frame. The number of frames used affects how slowly and smoothly the change appears to take place. Linear vs. on-linear Movement To better understand the application of key-frame interpolation, let' s look at bow we can smoothly move an object from one place to another. A single point will do nicely and suffers no loss of generality. To move the point from a . tarting position roan eod position, we might divide the distance between the two po itions imo four equal parts. This means the point will appear in five different positions, each a t a different time (see Figure 3). Dividing the distance from the starting to end positions into equal parts results in smooth even movement. Not only that but it is easy to program. However, the resu lts of this approach are not always desirable. Smooth movement is the reason "flying" logos on television are not very exciting. Indeed, cartoons often rely on irregular speeds for humorous effect. The human visual system detects fine differences in acceleration and deceleraLion, and Lhe brain uses these distinctions as clues for understanding what we see. Very regular movement is more mechanical than natural, so simple computer animation is often more succes ·ful with subjects that don't need to move naturally or follow tbe laws of physics (e.g .. bouncing balls). Simple non-linear timing differences (in this case , deceleration) can be achieved with our moving-point example by halving the distance moved at each frame (see Figure 4). From a programming viewpoint, one way this can be accomplished is by using a two-dimensional array. Of course most animated objects are not limited to either horizontal or ve nical movement. (It would be quite boring if they were.) To achieve diagonal movemenr we can divide both the x (hoiizootal) and y (vertical) distances into the same number of even divisions (see Figure 5). Notice, however, the divisions don 'tbave to be the same start 4 0 erd start 5 1 • • 1 0 1-A-1-s-1-c-1~0-1 erd 4 5 0 0 1-A-1-e-t•c-1-.1 D B• t A, C• I B. O• tC Fibrure 4: Non.linear Sp11clng Belweeo 'Kef fr:imes Figure J: Five Positions of the Point y5 0 0 • y, x, x. x. Xs Figure 5: Computing hange on a Diagonal size -Lllercquircment is that ioiz. wt the number of divisions be merge /dd/s,Ys/stdfon:s >l w4 equal. disp l ay lb 20 08 00 oo 28 18 07 Da Oa >Jw4 Keep in mind the foregosllel l 1•1w4! ing di cussion applies to tin1e as well as distance. For exFigure 6: Procedure fo Create Window 4 ample, we can make the moving point appear ro slow down by decreasing the distance between is a BASIC program that runs on any CoCo successive frames and/or by increasillll the with at least l 6K nnd Ex.tended BASIC. amount of time it takes to reach each fran1e Enter the program and save it to tape or in the series . Tt rakes a little experience to disk. If you don ' t have a CoCo 3, however, play the trade-offs and obtain smooth re- remove lines 10 and 20 before running the sults; and the best way to get experience is program. Further, if you r CoCo I or 2 does to experiment. oot work well with 1.he high-speed poke, remove Line 30 as well. Note tha1Line240 Variations and Other Consider ations creates a delay to reduce screen flicker - if In addition to using non-linear distances/ you run the program without the hightiming, consider moving the entire object speed poke, you should remove this line, across the s~Teen while iL trnnsforms. Espe- too. cially effective on the CoCo 3 might be to When you run KEYF.BAS, you are change palettes between frames. FinaUy, prompted for the number of divisions. Enter having several shapes appear to change and a nw11ber from between 0 and 40; smaller recombine i more work, but it looks very numbers decrease the number of frames, increasing U1e speed with which the end impressive. To a certain exten t, it is possible to frame i> reached. After you enteT a valid animate stick figures. Sooner or later, value, you'll see five bape sets: though, you will discover why linear interpolation did not solve the '!weening problem for character animation - body parts • a moving dot are of a fixed leogthand move in an arc, not • a triangle folding over itself in a line. You can hide some of the problem • a square transforming into a diamond by making more key frames and computing • a D changing to an S only a few 'rweens. But this doe nor cut • a leg .kicking upward down very much on the programming work required to achieve smooth animation. ·me data for the hape sets is found in lines 660 through 860. Each set consists of Program Operation three parts: Listing 1 and 2 show two programs that illustrate the concepts int~oduced in this • a sing le number indiCllting the number article. The program in Listing I, KEYF . BAS, of points in the hape August 1992 THE RAINBOW • x ;y pairs for the starting shape • x;y pairs for the ending shape Use this fonnat to add your own shapes at the beginning of the shape data. Then change Line 370 to limit lhe number of shapes the computer draws before it starts over. The program in Listing 2 is wriuen in C and wotks with OS-9 Level IL This program is similar to lhat in Listing I excepc lhat it performs only the 5qWll'C-{o-diamond transformation. All the neces.<wy graphics calls are built into keyf.c using #define and prlntf statements.. For this reason you don't need tohaveorusethecgfx. l libnuytocompile the program. However, key f is designed to be run on a Type 8 graphics window. Before running the compiled program. use bu 11 d to aeate the OS-9 procedure {script) file shown in Figure 6 and run this procedure to open Window 4 (use another win- dow number if you are already using Window 4). Use the a.EAR key 10 select the new window, then execute keyf. Surnnmy This article has incroduced several aspects of computer animation and focused on !he key-fr.unc imerp<1lation technique. Granred. !he exwnples we have looked at are very simple in nature. However, the concept remains the same regard less ofLhe num ber of poinrs used. Dawn Smith has been programming personal compwers since 1977. She began using the Color Computer because of the relatively inexpensive X-Pad. Dawn completed a masters program with emphasis on graphics. CAD and computer imaging. Her /lobbies include archaeology, geology and dance. She may be comac1ed at 4 Eagle S1ree1,Apt.B, Rochester,NY 14608. P/ease include an SASE when requesting a reply. Ustlng 1: KEYF 1 'KEYF 2 'BV DAWN A. SMITH 3 'COPYRIGHT ( Cl 1992 4 'BV FALSOFT, INC. 5 'RAINBOW 19 POKE 65497 ,B: REM HI ·SPEED CO CO I l l 28 WIDTH 32:TP-3:6DTO 289: REH COCO II I 3& POKE 65495.ll:TP- 2 : 60TO 288: REH Hl ·SPEED COCO 2 48 TP-1: GOTD 2811 Sil REH KEV - FRAME ANIMATIO N--- 68 REM BY DAWN A . SMITH 78 REH FllE NAME - KEYF /BAS Bl REH - - -- - - - - - 98 REH - - DRAW SHAPES - 1811 FOR C-8 TO DV 118 REM - -UNDRAW LAST SHAPE 12& If c-e GOTO 188 138 FOR A-1 TD N- 1 1411 DX - CX(A)*C:DV-CY(A)*C 150 FX-CX(A+l)*C: FY-CV(A+ll*C 168 LINE CSXCAl·CXCAl+DX,SY<Al·C YCA)+DY) · CSXCA+l) · CXCA+l )+fX, SY CA+l ) · CYCA+l )+FV). PRESET 1711 NEXT A 180 REH - - DRAW HEW SHAPE - 1911 FOR A-1 TO N·l 2811 OX - CXCAl*C:OY-CYCAl*C 210 FX-CXCA+ll*C: FV-CV( A+ll*C 220 LINE (SX(A)+OX,SYCA)+O V) SXCA+l )+FX , SY(A+l )+FY). PSET 230 NEXT A 240 FOR Z-1 TO 30: NEXT l 250 NEXT C 260 RETURN 270 REM 280 REH - - STORE POINT - 290 OIH SX(38) , SYC3il): REH START SHAPE X, V 388 OIH EXC38) , EV(3il ): REH END SHAPE X. Y 318 DIM CXC31ll, CV(38l: REH CHANGE IN X.Y 328 REH 3311 REH - - BEGIN PROGRAM - 34 8 INPUT "NUMBER OF DIVIS I ONS • : DV: OY-OV+ I 358 If DV<l GOTO 451 368 REH - LOOP THROUGH THE 5 SHAPES - 378 FOR CT- I TO 5 388 READ N: REM NUMBER OF POINT IN SHAPES 398 GOSUB 498: REH LOAD SHAPES 4118 P ODE 4. I: SCREENl. l: PCLS 411!1 GOSUB 98 REH DRAW SHAPES 428 NEXT CT 4311 RESTORE 441!1 GOTD 3311 REH RE· RUN PROGRAM 458 REH - - END Df PROGRAM - 468 IF TP-3 THEN POKE 65496,ll 470 END 488 REM 498 REH - - LOAD START SHAPE 5111!1 510 528 530 540 690 DATA 20,20 , 20.20 700 REH -- -- ENDING SHAPE X, Y 710 DATA 120.28. 120.20 729 DATA 4 7311 DATA 211.30. 110.50, 109 , 29, 211. 30 741! DATA 28,60, 180.39, 28,11111, 28,68 758 DATA 6 768 DATA 28,411, 69.48, 68.88, 48 . BB . 28 . 80, 28,411 7711 DATA 48,48, 48.40 , 6&,60, 48 .80. 20 . 68. 48.48 781!1 DATA 8 7911 DATA 211.28. 28.38. 28.41!. 38 . 48. 38.38. 3B.22. 30.28. 29.211 81111 DATA 28,36, 27,48, 38,38, 38 ,32 . 311,311 , 24,26, 28.211. 3B.22 81 8 DATA 3 82.8 DATA 28,28, 28,48, 22,48 838 DATA 28,Z.8 , 48,28, 4Z,28 B48 DATA 9 B51l DATA 48,2.ll , 44 , 22, 45 . 25, 44 ,27. 411,30, 37 ,28. 35.25, 37,22. 40 ,21 B61!1 DATA 48.55. 45.56. 47 .58, 45 .59. 48.611 . 35.59. 32.SB. 35.56. 41l,55 Listing 2: */ ~ ~;g~ FOR A - I TO N READ SXCAl READ SV( Al NEXT A REH - - LOAD END SHAPE - 550 FOR A - I TO N 560 REAO EX(A) 570 READ EY(A) 580 REH - - COHPUrE SILE OF OJ VISIONS - 590 CXCA) - ((EXCAl · SXCAJ)/OV) 600 CY(A) - ((EVCAJ · SY(A))/DVl 610 NEXT A 620 RETURN 630 REM 640 REM - - SHAPE DATA - 650 REM 660 REM .... NUMBER OF POINTS 670 DATA 2 680 REM • • • • START! NG SHAPE X, Y, I* - Do You Rest Easy at Night? I* Key Frame Animat i on *I I* by Dawn A . Sml tn *I I* - - - - - - - - - - - - *I #include <std1o.h> Hderine CLR 12 /• c clear screen */ l/def1ne //define (/define /ldefi ne //define GRAF FORGNO BCKGNO BO RO ER SET THE RAINBOW is the only publication that offers peace of mind to CoCo users. Members of the CoCo Community have always looked to THE RAINBOW for comfort - hints, tips, the latest news and communication with others - for their Tandy Color Computers. THE RAINBOW continues to serve and support Coco users, from beginners to the advanced, by covering the wide variety of topics affecting the CoCo Community. Looking for games? Telecommunications packages? Finance programs? Interested In helpful utilities? Hands-on hardware projects? Want to take the guesswo!X out of buying software and hardware? From Disk BASIC to OS-9, THE RAINBOW has the answers to all your CoCo questions. Get rid of your nightmares by renewing your subscription today. THE RAINBOW - the best security blanket for a good night's rest Use our 800 number! 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All other Inquiries call (502) 228-4492. ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 14 August 1992 THE RAINBOW LI l/def i ne LN_MV l/def 1ne l/defi ne l/defi ne l/defi ne l/def1 ne 70 /* 46 dr aw 11ne and move gr. crsr* I BLACK RED YELLOW MAGENTA CY AN int sx[30] , sY[30] : I* start shape*/ int ex [ 30] , ey [30J: / * end shape *I double cx[3 0], cy [ 30J : I* change * I ma in c > { I * - - - beg in pr og r am - - * I int dv: I* di vi si ons*/ i nt n : /* numbe r of poin ts * / gr_s etup (): do { I* get the number of div 1s1ons * I pri ntf{"number of divis i ons?"); scan f(" l:d" ,&dvl: i f ( dv < 0 ) break : dv++; n-shapesetup ( ) : make_ incrCdv,n) ; drawfrm(n,dv) : } wh il e (d v I * - - end > - 1) ; progra~ - -•/ I* * - - Loa d t he data - - */ i nt sha peset up () { intn-6; I* - - sta r t sha pe - - *I sx[ 1]- sx [6 J- 20: sy[ 1]- sy [6] - 40 : sx[2]-60: sy(ZJ - 40; SX(3] - 60 ; sy(3J-80; SX(4] -4 0; sy( 4J-80; sx[SJ - 20: sy(SJ -80: I* - - end sh ape - - • / ex[lJ-ex [6] -40 : ey(1J - ey[6J - 40 : ex[ZJ -4 0: ey [ ?]- 40: ex[3J - 60: ey[3J-60: ex [ 4J - 40; ey [ 4 J-80: cx[SJ - 20: ey [ SJ-60 : return Cn>: Save Money Too! 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Sign me up for a joint 1-year subscription (12 Issues) to: u THE RAINBOW J make_incr( idi v , n) int n: int i div : { / * - compute the size of the divis i ons -*I i nt a : double div: div - Cdoublelidiv: n++ : fo r Ca-1: a<n: a++) [ cx(a]-C (double) ( ex(a]-sx ( a]) )/div: cy[a]-C Cdoubl e) ( ey(a] -s y(a]) )/div; l I* * -- ( pr i ntf ( " '1:c%c%c " , GRAF, BC KG ND, MAGENTA); pri ntf ( " '1:c%c%c " , GRAF, BORDER, MAGENTA l; pr i ntf ( " %c%c%c" , GRAF. FORG NO , BLACK); pri nt f C" Sc", CLR ) ; u THE RAINBOW and Rainbow on Tape and Rainbow on Disk New a Renewal (attach labels) Name _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ Address _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ City State - - - - - - -- - - Zip - - - - - - - - -- Q My check in the amount of_ _ _ is enclosed . Q VISA Cl MasterCard Cl American Express Account Number Expiration Date _ _ _ Signature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J I* • - - draw shape - - */ drawf rm ( n . dv ) i nt dv ; / *number of posi ti ons */ i nt n : / * number of po i nts *I ( int a. m, x , y ; f or Cm-0:m<dv+l ; m++) ( Charge to: For credit card orders, call (800) 847-0309, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST. All other inquiries call (502) 228-4492. • Payment must accompany order; we do nol bill. U.S. currency only, pleas<>. Kenlucky residents add 6% sates tax; Canadian residents, 7% GST. Please allow 6 to 8 weeks for delivery of first copies. All subscriptions begin with the curren t Issue. Please note : While group purchases of RAINBOW ON TAPE and RAINBOW ON DISK are permitted (and multiple subscriptions are even discounted tt purchased In one order from a club), no license to make copies Is conveyed or implied. Unauthorized copying • o~ a~v.c~PfjhJ 'i'o~~~s.s~i~~il~~ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • screen setup - - */ gr _setup() prin t f ( "Sc " ,CLR) : x - sx ( l] + Cin t )(cx [ lJ*m) ; y - sy[lJ + Ci nt )( cy(l]*ml: pr1ntf C" Scscsc:;cscsc " ,GRAF,SET,0,x ,0, y) ; for (a-2 : a< n+l :a++) ( x - sx[ aJ + C1 nt)(cx[aJ*ml: y - sy(a] + C1nt>Ccy[aJ*m>: pr1 ntf ( "%c%cl:dc%c%c". GRAF. LN_MV. 0 .x . 0 , y ) : ) /* end drawfrm */ THE RAINBOW ARTIFACTING MEETS THE COCO 3 W hen the Color Computer 3 was first introduced, many people believed the age of artifacting colors for graphics had come to an end. After all, the Coco 3 supports 16 colors (selectable from a palette of 64) on a 320-by!92-pixel graphics screen. This goes way beyond the CoCo 1 and 2 with their two-color limit. Still, I say we can use artifaccing lo get even more. In terms of working with the Color Computer, artifacting colors (creating the false impression of colors) relies on an inherent characteristic of color composite monitors and televisions. The PMODE4 graphics mode supports only two· colors, and most programs use black and white. However, if you draw a single vertical line on the PMOO E4 screen, it appears either blue or red (depending on the internal timing of the CoCo). If you erase that line and draw a similar vertical line, but one space to the right or left of the first, it appears in the other color - the false "primary" colors alternate vertically. If you put two vertical lines side-by-side, you get a line that appears in the selected foreground color (black or white). By setting different pixels in a defined grid, this "defect" can be used to create the appearance of many different hues. Now imagine the possibilities with 16 selectable colors rather than two. Color 256 is a simple BASIC program that combines color artifacting with the Coco 3's 16-color graphics screen (HSCREEN2) to effectively produce 256 different colors on one screen. The program contains two sections, the first of which sets the palettes and draws the individual lines used for artifacting. Color 256 works much like artifacting on the CoCo I and 2 where alternating, adjacem venical lines are used to create the effect of more colors. It takes sometime for the program to draw the lines, so be patient. The high-speed poke is used (Linc 20) to speed up the process. The second section of Color 256 rapidly cycles the screen through the entire palette of 64 colors. This is accomplished using very simple paleue switching. If you press BREAK before the program reaches this color cycling, you'll end up with an odd palette setting and the computer will still be in the high-speed mode (normal speed is One of the most important tools for any computer system is a powerful but easy-touse text editor. VED (short for Visual EDiror) is just such an offering from Bob van der Poel Software. VED ' s origins lie with the CoCo and OS-9, and the program is now offered for OS-9/68000-based machines the MM/l, TomCat and System IV. The software is supplied on a 3~-inch, highdensity disk that comains five directories holdil)g the program modules, documentation files, environment files, help files and source files. Although the on-line documentation files fully describe the functions of the files on the diilttibution disk, !letting up VED is quite easy. The VED executable module must be copied from the CMOS directory of the disk to the CMOS directory of your hard driveoranyfloppydisk.lnaddition,ahelp file and an environment file must be copied into the SYS directory. Supplied are a few differentversionsofthehelpfi.le,including one with documentation for all the standard C library routines; this is extremely helpful for programmers. The environment file describes to VED the specific computer you are using; environment files are supplied forthe MM/I , the System JV. VflOO terminals and the Color Computer. Also included oa the distribution disk is a program named VSPLI T, which allows you to break extremely large text files into smaller files that VED can more easily accept. Still, I tested VED with some large. uasplit text files (about 250K in length). Even with this large amount of text, copying a large block of text is almm1t instantaneous. The source code for VSPLIT is also supplied and can befound in the SRC directory of the distribution disk. VED' s basic editing screen does not include any status bars or symbols, so you can use the entire screen for viewing and editing a file. Any carriage returns in the file are represented on screen by the tilde (- ) character, making it easy to see where paragraphs actually end. A special end--0f-buffer character is visible at all times immediately to the right of the last character in the file . VED features many movement, inserlion, and deletion functions, each of which is mapped to a particular conttol-key combination. These key combinations can be modified through the environment file, and some commonly used functions are mapped to arrow and movement keys on the IBMstyle: keyboard mo&1 OS-9/68000 systems use. Two of the more unusual features area Jump function (which lets you move to a position in the ftle by line numbcr,percentageposition,ortestlabel)andCaseToggle (which cycles a word between all upper- or lowercase characters, and normal capitalization. In addition. VED sports an Undo function that operates on the line currently being edited as well as for word, line and block deletions. The Search and Replace functions offer the usual search (in both directions) as well as Find Next and Fmd Last. You can use the wildcard character (7) when replacing text - a feature many programs do aot offer. Block-editing commands are provided. giving you the ability lo c ut, copy and paste text. You can also save a block to disk, sort the lines within a block., print a block. to the prinrer or a disk., and display word- and enabled in Line 220). Make sure you slow it down before performing any tape or disk 1/0. The best way to set things right is with a full reset of the Color Computer (CTRL-ALT -Reset). It is important to note that artifacting colors with the CoCo 3's HSCREENs is generally much more effective with a color composite monitor or television. ROB monitors more accurately display the correct information, and it is easy to distinguish between the vertical lines that make up the artifacted colors. Feel free to study the techniques used by Color 256 and introduce color artifacting into your BASIC programming efforts. Experienced programmers might consider using the interrupts to enable the full 64-color palette onscreen at one time (see "Color Chart for the CoCo 3" on Page 20 of the January 1987 issue of THE RAINllOW). Then it should possible 10 produce 4096 colors at the same time ... Adam Breindel plans ro ar1e11d 1he UniversityofChicago in the fall of 1992, where he will study economics. Currently, he can be contacted at 328 Abbey Lane, Lansdale, PA 19446. Please include an SASE when requesting a reply. line-count information about a block. VED supports a full complement of macro capabilities; up to 26 user-defined macros may be defined and saved to disk at any time while you are editing a file. Jn addition,thereareeightpredefinedmacros, some of which allow you to list the current input and output files or extensions, automatically generate increasing numbers for auto-numbering applications. Two userdefinable Time macros give you the abiLity to easily insert the current time/date string in the format you choose. Printing is supported by VED. and the output can be sent to either a printer or a disk file. Options such as margin settings, new page, effect sequences (such as underline on/off) and headers may be defined using "dot" commands in the document. For more complex formatting needs, Bob van der Poel Software also offers VPrint, a sepante product that can be used in conjunction with VED. There are a few miscellaneous and very useful functions in VED. An OS-9 shell can be called at any time through a simple command sequence. Memory and file information can be displayed at any time, and commandscanbeeasilyrepeatedanumbcr of times. Cursor blinking can be turned on and off, and the auto-numbering mode can be engaged at will to insert line numbers after each carriage return. VED'soa-linebelp is completely menudriven and generally easy to use. The manual also describes the format of the help and environment files for those users who may be interested in modifying them for their own use. Getting help for any command requires only that you remember that ESCAPE-H is used to bring up the Help display. -----------------------------~ The Listing: COLOR256 •COLOR 256 'BY ADAM BREINOEL 'COPYRIGHT (Cl 1992 'BY FALSOFT , INC. 5 'RAINBOW MAGAZINE 10 ON ERR GOTO 220 20 POKE 65497. 0 70 • ********•********** 80 '*WHEN TH IS SECTION OF *PROGRAM IS OONE, THE DISPLAY *SEQUENCER SECTION RUNS. 90 '•THIS CAN BE ACCESSED AT *LINE 220 IF PROGRAM IS 100 '*STOPPED AFTER INITIAL *SCREEN IS DRAWN 110 '*THIS PROGRAM USES 320*192 1?.0 '*16 - COLOR GRAPHICS AND THE *2MHZ POKE AND RUNS ON A *128K COCO 3 130 . ****************** 140 HSCREEN 2 150 FOR Y-0 TO 15:PALETTE Y,48+Y :NEXT 160 FOR Z-0 TO 15: FOR Y-0 TO 15 170 GOSUB 190 180 NEXT Y,Z 190 FOR A-Z*l6 TO Z*l6+15 : IF A/2 -INTCA/Zl THEN HORAW"C"+STRSCY> ELSE HO RAW "C"+STRS ( Z) 200 HL!NE (A,12*Y) -( A.12*Y+lll . P SET 210 NEXT:RETURN 220 POKE65496, 0 230 ON BRK GOTO 360 240 ' ******************* 250 '•*COLOR - 256 260 ' *COLOR SEQUENCER 270 POKE&HE6E4, &HE6 280 HSCREEN 2 290 POK E&HE6E4.&HE7 300 FOR X-0 TO 63 310 FOR Y-X TO X+l5: IF Y>63 THEN 330 320 PAL ETTE Y-X,Y 330 NEXT Y 340 NEXT X 350 GOTO 300 360 PALETTE 13.63:PALETTE 12.0 ~ VED appears to be a well-designed product that is surprisingly intuitive, setting it apart from other line editors, which often send users running for a sledge hammer. Movement commands are very easy to remember, especially since most are mapped to the and movement keys on the keyboard. Many of the commands are grouped into two-letter sequences. For example, to use one of !he Options commands, press ESCAPE-0 followed by the letter specifying the subcommand you want to use. If you hesitate after initiating the first command, VED automatically lists the available letters at the top of the screen. Bob van der Poet's attention to speed is very noticeable from the performance of VED . For example, VED checks for any keystrokes entered while the screen is being updated and does not redraw the complete screen if the next update will fill the screen with new information. For this reason, using OS-9'skey-repeatfearure with Page Up and Page Down is extremely fast. Ifyou are looking for a quality editor for your OS-9/68000 system, VED is a sure winner. The price is reasonable, and VED may be the most often used piece of software on your system. especially for writers or programmers. With the addition of VPrint, you can count on the: most advanced text tools for the OS-9/68000 system to deliver the performance you need. (Bob van der Poel Software. P.O. Box 57, Wynnde/, BC VOB 2NO, Canada, 604-8665772; or P.O. Box 355. Porthill , ID 838530355; $39.95 plus $3 SIH .) - Jordan Tsvetkoff 16 August1992 THE RAINBOW omo IOWA ,. Metru Area Color Computer Club, Joe Cavallaro, 2425 Ave A, Co. Blulfs, 51501 , (712) 322-2438 ,. Mid Iowa lit Countiy CoCo, Terry Simons, 1328 48th Stree~ Des Moines, 50311, (515) 279-2576 KENTUCKY 'It The Greater Toledo Color Computer Club, Bill Espen, 131 Y NolTh St., Bowling Green, 43402, (419) 471-9444 'Ir Tri-County Computer Users Group, Ron Potter. 10914 Oliver Road, Cleveland, 44111 , (216) 4762687 PENNSYLVANIA ,. Cumberland Valley Users Group, Thomas Manin, 9085 Newburg Road, Newburg, I n40, (717) 4235525 RHODE ISLAND tr New England "CoCoNuts" Color Computer Club, Arthur J. Mendonca, P.O. Box 28J06 North Station, Providence, 02908, (401) 272-5096 (Sig3) SOUTH CAROLINA ,. SpananburgCoCo Club, Jesse W. Parris, 152Bon Air Ave., Spartanburg, 29303, (803) 573-9881 SOUTH DAKOTA ,. Empire Area Color Computer Users Group of South Dakota, Carl Hol~ P.O. Box 395, Brandon, 57005, (605) 582-3862 ~~g~~~~HillEg,.abns, Hardin Color Computer Paul(502) Ur2887County Republic Ave., Radcliff,Club, 40160, ~ CALIFORNIA tr StG Net Wes~ Alan Sheltra, P.O. Box 38713. Hollywood, 90038, (818) 761-4135, BBS(818) 7614721 COLORADO 1t Colorado Sprinp Color Computer Club, Bud Want, 1118 Claiborne Road, Colorado Springs, 80906-5513. (719) 392-8268 CONNECTICUT 1r Connecticut CoConut Connection, Charles Joseph Scanlon, 2 Eagle Lane, Simsbuiy, 06070, (203) 6578373 FLORIDA ,. The Color Computer 3 Users Group, Tom Batehelder, 6042 Syn:le Ave., Miltoo, 32570, (904) 6234405 GEORGIA tr A1lanta Computer Society, Inc., Alan R. Dages, 4290 Bells Feny Road Suite 10639. Kennesaw, 30144, (404) 469-5111 voice, (404) 636-2991 modem IDAHO tr Snake River Color Computer Club, Emil Franklin. 1750 Cannel Drive. Idaho Falls. 83403. (208) 5220220 ILLINOIS 1t Cook County Color Computer Club, Howard Luckey, IO McCanhy Rd., Park Forest. 60466-2 I 22. (708) 747-011 7 tr MotorolaMicroComputerClub, Steve Adler. 1301 East Algonqu in Rd.. Sha11mburg. 60196, (708) 5763044 51-4757 LOUISIANA tr The CoCo SIG, Christopher Mayeux, 20 Gibbs Drive, Otalmette, 70043, (504) 2n.6880 voice, (504) 277-5135 modem MA.RYLAND ,. Made, John M. Beck, 3513 Terrace Drive #D, Suitland, 20746, (301) 423-8418 MASSACHUSETTS 1t NorthEast CoCo Club, Jose Joubert, 440 North Ave., Bldg. 9#210, Haverhill,01830, (508)521-0164 MICHIGAN 'Ir Color Computer OwnCIS Group, Bernard A. Patton, 388 Emmons Blvd., Wyandote, 48192, (313) 283-2474 ,. Greater Lansing Color Computer Users Group, E. Dale Knepper, P.O. Box 14114, Lansing, 48901, (517) 626-6917 MISSISSIPPI ,. Mississippi OS-9 User Group, Boisy G. Pitre. Southern Station, Box 8455, HaniesbUTg, 3940&-8455, (601) 266-2807 MISSOURI tr CoCoNuts User Group, Clyde Lloyd, 2ll6 N. Columbia, Springfield, 65803, (417) 866-8738 ,. KC CoCo. Gay Crawford, P.O. Box 520084, lndependence, 64052, (913) 764-9413 NEBRASKA tr Bruce Gem c/o Metro Area CoCo Cluh, P.O. Box 3422, Omaha, 68103 NORIB CAROLINA " Raleigh CoCo Club, P.O. Box 10632, Raleigh, 27605, (919) 878-3865 'It The Tandy Color Computer Users of Charlouc, Eric Stri nger, 1022 Nolea Dr., Mt. Holly, 28120 TEXAS tr The Codls CoCo Symphony, William C. Garretson, 2902 Harvard SL, Irving, 75062, (214) 570-0823 UTAH 1t Salt City CoCo Club, L. Todd Knudacn , 6357 S. Lotus Way, West Jonlan, 84084, (801) 968-8668 WASHINGTON 1t Bellingham OS-9 UsenGroup, Rodger Alexander, 3404 lllinois Lane. Bellingham. 98226. (206) 734580li 11 Port O' CoC'o, Donald Zimmerman, 3046 Banner Rd. SE, Pon OR;hard, 98366-8810, (206) 871-6535 AUSTRALIA tr Australian National OS-9 Usen Group, Gordon Bentzen. Cl- 8 Odin Street. Sunnybank, Queensland, 4109, (07) 344-3881 'It Brisbane Southwest Colour Computer Users Group, Bob Devries, 21 Virgo St., lnala, Queerishmd, 4077, (07) 372-7816 CANADA 'It Club d'Oridinateur Couleur du Quebec Inc., 8000 Metropolitain 354-4941 ~ Anjou , Quebec, HIK lAI, (514) GERMANY tr OS-9 Users Group in Europe, Burghard Kinzel, Leipziger Ring 22A, 5042 ERFTSTADT, +49-223541069, (OS-9/6809) THE NETHERLANDS 1t European OS-9 User Group, Pelcr Tntelaers, Strijperstraal 50A, 5595 GD Leende, [email protected] , +31-4906- 1971. (OSK) PUERTORJCO 1t Pue no Rico Color Computer Club, Luis R. Maninez, P.O. Box 2072, Guaynabo, 00657-7004, (809) 799-8217 or(809)728-2314 · ·.S ubmitting Material· .~ to Rairib6w Contributions to-nm.1WNB0w are welcome from evecyone. We like to run a variety m_programs that are useful, help~ and fun for other CoCo owners:-. WHATTOWRITE: Weare in~tirested in w~: l(OU want to tell OU! readeffl~- wei ~ccpt for considei'ation ~g tf1at is well-wriu-ert and,'h~ a ~ractical application for1he Tandy Color Computer. If j t "inte'reJtS you, it will prohal;lly ilner~st lots'of others. However., 'f!VC vastly prefer urti41les with ~pan)'ing ~ grams that can he entered $ii run. The more uniq(lejhe \de;a; the more the ~ have a continuing.need for-short articles with short listings. These iiie es~ pecially appealing to oUt itiilny We Slate/City BBS Name Acc..., Number Parameters SysOp (Speed hrit7-Word Rita.Slop Bir.) 0 Arkansas Sheridan The Grant County BBS (501 ) 942-4047 300/1200/2400-N-8-1 Eddie Gilmore Z.Og •s Cavern BBS (213) 461 -7948 300/1200/2400-N-8-l Alan Sheltra Silk City BBS Applause BBS (203) 649-9057 (203) 754-9598 300/1200/2400-N-8-1 300/1200/2400-N-8-I Danen Kindberg Cannen Izzi, Jr. Fl. Shafter Idaho Idaho Falls IUlnols CoCo'NulS BBS Service (808) 845-7054 300/120012400-N-8-I Tommie Taylor Snake River Computer Club BBS' (208) 523-3796 300/I 200-N-R-I Jon Gould CarpenrenvilJe The Pinball Haven BBS Glenside'• Cup of CoCo BBS (708) 428-8445 (708) 428-0436 300/1200/2400-N-8-I 300/1200/2400-N-8-I Jeffrey R. Chopin Tony Podraza Cross-N-Crown BBS (606) 754-9420 300/2400-N-8-I Tim Mcintosh Ciy•tal Palaoe (616) 723-0146 1200/2400-N-8-l Nelson Howard The OS-9 Zooe1 (601) 266-2807 300/1200/2400-N-8-I Boisy G. Pitre The Dutchess CoCo (914) 838-1261 300/1200/2400-N-8-I Chris Serino Bill's Board (919) 395-4366 300/1200/2400-N-8-1 Bill Medcalf The 9-Linc BBS (701) 727-6826 300/1200-N-8- I David Hensley Spriogwood BBS (614) 228-7371 300/1200/2400-N-8-I Edward Langenback Charlie's Help Line (215) 825-3226 300/1200-N-8-I orN-7-1 Charles DiManino The Weather Connection II BBS (401) 728-8709 300/1200/2400-N-8-I Eric Chew Fall Mills Clem's Corner BBS' (703) 322-4053 300/1200-N-8- I Rlcllard Dougla• Bailey Washington Fircres& Wisconsin OS-9Tacoma (206) 566-8857 300/120012400-N-8-I Chris Johnson Phocni1' Interstate Data Systems' (715) 732-1036 300/1200/2400/9600-N-8- I Joe Boburka ColorNET BBS Color Connection (709) 884-2 176 (51 9) 948- 1879 300-N-8- I 300/1200-N-8-I Cory Richert California Hollywood Conll<Ctlcul Manchesier Waterbury Hawllii ElmhUl$1 Kentucky Elkhorn City Mlcblpn Manistee Missialppi Hattiesburg NtwYork Wappingers Falls North Carolina Wilmington NortbDttkota Minot AFB Ohio Columbus Penmylvania Conshohocken Rbode Island Central Falls Virtiinia Marim:tte Cam1d11 Twlllingate. NF, Wind sor, Ontario Notes: 'Snake River Computer Club .BBS supports aJI types of computers. 2Thc 05 ~ 9 Zone is up from IOp.m. to 6 a.m. seven days a week. 'Clcm "s C.omcr RB S io; 11p from 6 p.m. 10 11 p.m. seven days a week. '* Phoenix. Inte rstate Data Syste ms has a .75/hr chai-ge fo r premium services, p11id in advance_ Jasoo Woodford begiitne:rs. .' ~ ,,. ·, FORMAT: Pr<>gram ~u~mis sio11s mu11t;be ontl!Pe ~ disk;·and it is best to ~e ~vera1 sav~s, ar·· least one of them in Asen format. We're 50ITT, but we do ~ot ;have•irne to key in prognu!lS and debug olii' typing eno~ , All progriuns should be supponed by ;some editorial commentary ex-plaining ho~ tlie-p,rogram works. We also prefer that editorial copy he included jl) ASCD fotmat· on ·the tape or disk, usingany·oftfie weird _processo,s currently av.ailable for the Color Computer. Also, please include a doublespaccd printout of your edjtorial material and program listing. Do. not send text in all capiia11etters; use upper- and·Iowercase. COMPENSATION: We do pay for submissions, based on a number of criteria. .Those wishing re.muneration should so stale when making submissions. For the benefit of those want~ ing more detailed.infonnationon making submissions, please send a self-addressed, stlilnped envelope· (SASE) to: Submission Guideline§, "lllll RAINBOW. 1be Falsoft Building, P.O. Box 385, Pros" peci, KY 40059. We will send you comprehensive guideliJies. Please do not submir material currently submitted publication. t¢ anotl:Jer August 1992 THE RAINBOW ~E~ (o('o ~ (011'Uit.1t11111' MIDI Hints Those who have downlooded Lyra ~ and UltiMusE files from Delp/Ji might be illlerested in the following recommendations for MIDI keyboards that cafl be used to play these files. A/1/wugh Lyra can play itsji/es via the speaker in your mo11i1or or TV, the result often sounds quite poor bec:ausethefiles werecomposedforu MIDI keyboard. The fol/owilig is a list of MIDI keyboards in the price range of $200 to $1000: Casio inbaels CPS720, CT636, CT656, CT67(}, and CT680; Kawai FS690, Kiii, K4, M8000, and PH50; Yam.aha PSR300, PSR400. PSR500. PSS795, and YPR20. Do not buy the older Yamaha models PSR-48 or PSR-38 because they lack the capability to play enough notes at once. My own favorites in this group are the Casio CT680 and the Yamaha PSS795. I will at times chain these two keyboards by runnin11 a cable from the MIDI Timi connector of one imo tire MIDI In connector of the other so they both are playing at the direction of m.yCoCo. In this way tire weaknessesofone are balanced by the stret1gths of the other. The built-in speakers in such keyboardsare generally of pnor q11ality. You should send the output to a stereo amplifier and decent high-fidelity speakers. I personally find UltiMusE 3 s11perior to Lyra. Ul1iMusE 3 req11ires OS-9 and a 512K CoCo 3. Call Kala Software (mdlor Rula/ord Research for more details on rhese rwo progmms. Danny Faye (DFY£) lndepende11.ce , Missouri A Disk Drives and the CoCo A Can you reji·esh my mem01y about ~ which models of Color Computer floppy-drive systems were made by Radio Shack? I'm specifically interested in knowing what models of Radio Shack disk controllers work with a CoCo 3 without a Multi-Pak. Also.please tell us how to identify these co11trollers? Dave Myers (DA\'£MY£RS) Ypsilanti. Michigan A Radio Shack made. as best I can recall, fivt: n:visions of ils ilisk mntroller. The very first drive system (I mean disk controller with drives, case and power supply) was Catalog No. 26-3022. TI1i• disk controller is unique in that all of its chips were socketted. It used a 40-pin NEW HAR.DWARE! • RS.232 Port - Supports !low contrull Seven lines instead of lour. Jum~ IOI port add19ss, DSRl!lCO swap. ReqLires MPI, Pak. or Y·Cable (add $9.95 tor ext. power, required wl Y-<:able) - $44.95 • Mouse Tamer -s.m:h between""'".. and joys1ici<, hi & low resoUtion. Comocts directlr lo back of CoCo, no box alloppin'I • $19.95 CO.MING REAL SOOf:l.-- • Ulllmate Busa XPanderl - Md!l two ports INSIDE CoCol RS-232 pM buih in! Requim ca,. modijicalion or rupackag1ng 51'Slem. Also rutains external port! • CoNect • 449 South 90th. Milwaukee. WI 53214 Add $4 S&H • Write for catalog A LaptQp CQlQE CQm1n1ler? Portable? Wilh an 80 column, 24 llne saeen? No special software requlrod? YES/ All of tJu. is possible due ID the joint effort of FARNA and CoNect! Would be the perfect companion ID any OS-9, OSK, or even DECB home system! Stay tuned for detailii! WD1793 Floppy Disk Controller (FDC) chip and required hoth +5 and + 12 volt.,. This controller cannot be used with a Coco 2 without a Multi-Pak Interface or a Slot Pak hecause theCoCo 2does not supply 12 volts. This controller cannot be reliably used with a CoCo 3 at all (even with a Multi-Pak or Slot Pak) because its data separator was a tad on the sloppy side. and so most versions of the 26-3022 controller won't work properly with a CoCo 3 when the CoCo 3 is running at high speed. I have received occasional reports from users who succeeded in using this ancient controller with a CoCo 3, but you cannot count on such success (even with a Multi-Pak) and I strongly recommend you don ' t even bother to try it. lbis disk controller was usually packaged with a gray-case full-height TEC drive. The drive itself was a single-sided, 35-track unit that was incapable of stepping fasier than 20ms per 1ntck. Thls f11ll-height TEC drive also had a notorious! y poor camdrive head-step mechanism and tended to go out of allignment quite easily. The second CoCo disk system Tandy offered (it first appeared in the 1984 catalog) was Calalog No. 26-3029. The disk controller of this system used a 40-pin FDC chip, which was a clone of the WD1793 chip made by either Fujitsu (MB8877 A) or Mitsubishi (MS WI 793-02P). These two chips represented an improvement over the original Western Di gital 1793 in that they did not require a source of+ I 2 volts bul ran happily off a single +5-volt supply. In the 1984 catalog Lhis system was referred to as "Color 2 Disk #0 Kit." The FDC chip was socketted, as was the 8-pin data-separator chip (FDC 92l6), but other chips were soldered to the circuit board. This was-in the opinion of many assembly-language hackers who wrote copy-protection · systems or programs 10 break or clone copyprotected disks - the best, the most reli able and the most stable of CoCo disk controllers ever made, though the three units that came after this one were almost as good. This controller and all that followed workquiie happily wilh all models of Color Computer, including the CoCo 3. The 25-3029 system was usually packaged in a white case with a full-height, 40track, single-sided drive capable of stepping at 6ms. The drive was usually one whose mechanism was made by Tandon (for its Tandon TM 100-1 drives). but whose logic board was manufactured by Texas Peripherals Inc. for Tandy. This was a most rugged and reliable drive, one of the best of the full-height, single-sided drives ever made. Around I 985 Tandy began to offer a completely redesigned C.olor C.omputer disk system. This used a disk controller that still was full-size like its two predecessors, but wb.ich employed a single 28-pin WD 1773 FDC chip that did the work of the 40-pin 1793 and the 8-pin 9216 data-separator chip. I'm not too sure about the details of this intennediate offering, but it may have been called the FD-500 drive system. The controller was accompanied by a white case that sat horizontally o n the desk with a balf-height, 40-track. single-sided drive capable of stepping at 6ms . The case had space for a second half-height drive. By 1986 Tandy was offering in its catalog the FD-501 (Catalog No. 26-3l31) drive system. This was fundamentally similar to the FD-500, but was offered with a redesigned disk controUer that was physically smal ler (shorter) than the older disk controllers and came in a correspondingly smaller plastic case. Like the FD-500, it used a 28-pin WD1773 PDC chip and worked happily with all models of Color Computer. The half-height drive that usually was supplied with this system was a TEC 501 drive, an especially rugged and reliable single-sided, 40-1rack drive that· was capable of stepping at 6ms. The last drive system offered by Tandy (which appeared fi rst in the 1988 Radio Shack catalog) was the FD-502 system, Catalog No. 26-3 133. This featured a circuit board with a design relatively similar to that of the FD-500 and FD-50 I but physically smaller. The FD-502 was unique among all systems offered by Tandy in that it was supplied with a half-height.40-track, double-sided drive that was capable of stepping at 6ms. This drive was, Tbelieve, made by Tandon and enjoyed a reasonably good track record in the field. This system works ha pp iiy with all models of the CoCo. The bottom line is that all Tandy disk controllers except the ancient 26-3022 work with all models of the Color Computer, and the controllers from these systems can be used with double-sided drives of your choice. Single· vs. Doable-Sided I have on occm·io11format1ed tire back ~ side oj' a ;·i11gle-sided disk , a11d it appeurs tufurmat and workj11s1fi11e. Am I leuing myse/finfor any problems when I do this? Edward Stroh Tlwnrto11. llli11ois A A [n the early days of tloppy disks, there may have been some significance to labeling a disk single-sided versus doublesided. In those days the Lecbnulogy for laying down the media on the disk was likely poorer than it has been for the last SUPPORT FOR OSK/089! NEW ITEMS FaOM FUNAI Featuring software from: •IMS• ·Sub-Etha· • Bob van der Poel • • Public Domain OSK/OS9 (CoCo) • •More Coming!• Send long SASE for PD list (state OSK or OS9) VTO (Video Tape Organizer, by Jason Reig.aid)- VED/OSK • $39.95 VPrinVOSK • $59.95 CheckBook+/OSK. $34.95 Blackhawk Enterprises P.O. Box 10552,Enid, OK 73706-0552 405-234-2347 9am-1 pm CST 17 hall' decade or o, and so boxes of disks thal were not certified and tested as working on both sides might actually contain a smal l but significant percentage of disks that actually had bad media on the o ther side. This almost certainly is no longer true. I suspect almost all disks that have been sold as single-sided in the last five years are perfectly good on both sides. lndeed, it is hard to find any disks labeled single-sided these days. What makes all of this a moot point is that certified 5'A-inch, double-sided disks are commonly available for under 25 cents each ... often for as little as 10 cents each. At this price, ii hardly pays to bother with ancient. single-sided disks. Viewing GIF Files in Disk BASIC ls chere a simple way to view GlF ~files on a CoCo 3 (wichout having to first convert them) using a program running under Disk BASIC? John Burke (JBURKE) Fremont, California A A According to Bri an Flahive (BPLAHIVE), there is. The Projector, a program available in the Graphics database on Delphi's CoCo SIG. gives users the ability to directly view GIP fi les. Disk-Drive Terminators A /' ve heard about rhe need to remove ~terminator resistors from disk drives when. adding a second drive, and rhe requirement that there must be one and only one terminator resistor ;,, a given drive system. Can you explain 10 me j11st what a terminator resistor is, what le does, why there must be 011 /y one, and what it looks like ? Daniel Holley (MRINTF.Nsrrr) Fra11~fort, Kemucky A Electrically. a tenninator resistor is a pack.age that contains several (usually seven or eight) individual resistors. These packages often look like DIP !Cs with 14 or 16 pins. These types of terminator resistors have each internal resistor hooked across each facing pair of pins. Such terminators are usually composed of 150-ohm resistors and indicated as such by a designation "151" printed on them. The " 151" translates to "15 X IO to the lst power." However, some disk drives can take other forms of terminator resistors. Some older Tandy drives used terminator resistors in the form of single in-line pin packages. Such packages appear as a small rectangular blob of epoxy resin with five, six, seven or eight pins in a row coming out of the blob. These are typically internally wired so that one lead of all the internal Video li>raiy database, also pmts tape labels. Boch requlrt 32K OECB, CoCo 1,2, or3 - $12.95 each Ill~ CoCo EIJ!D.l!Y. Recorder Genealo11f data sysiem. Print & s10f9 all 19airdsl Reqo>m drive o & 1, eo colunn monnDI, 128K OECB - $24.95 KEEP· IBAK Gereral LBdger. Ooullle erruy small business syslem. 32K DECB - $24.95 ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE tor abovo -add $10 ~ !2~1&1! Btt@ct~t CM!lt Sin liar IO CoCo Basic a.R.G. shipped wilh CC3. Contains command syrux, errur codes, screen codes, etc. - all in a handr little desk1op boo~ rot a b<Akr manual! - $7.95 Create basic graphics tor your programs with a joyslick. 32K OECB • $19.95 QM'~ EIL'- Qati!tln~; up io t6 fields, 2ss c11ar. Merli driYenl 32K DECB • $24.95 LJWe Black Book (by Jason Reighatll) - Addl9ss and pl'one r11mber da!abase that also printJ labels! NEW/. fmgmmmlaa Ill~ m by Zalos & l.Bbial< Assa::!br(machlnol language frogrammlrv19Comme Moton> a (maker o 680911362 pages, BOB'S MAGIC Graphics Machine FAIUIA Sy•tenu 904 2nd Ave., Warner Robins, GA 31098-1029 912-328-7859 •Add $1.50 S&H (GA -.Id 5% tu) 150 lllustradons. No experience required! -$22.95 CO.Mlt!Si. l!J. '.a.1· c;Q{;a t11s.tatx 4 SUL:ilY.aJ. !iJLiJ!L-Will contain a histoiy of the CoCo from reCZ:.~~1~.crip~.:,.~;i~:..,-:;~... told r,u (Ii-speed p~. etc.), and CUITllnt wndor list al<irt,j advance onletS- need oni'f 50 lo print! Owr 100 pages, illustrated. Due March '93 - $24.95 Would you lllce your ad here? Very rea.anable raraf Choo. . lhl• •l%e, abo\'er or ar lefr. Call or write FAIUIA (a.alnbow aJIPftJredf) 18 THE RAIN BOW August 1992 resistors goes to one (marked) pin , and the other leads go individually to the other pins. Usually the terminator resistor is sockened . With such drives, be sure there is one and on ly one tenninator resistor in the drive system. On a very few 5 1/.\-inch disk drives (such as the Tandy FD-502) and on aU newer 3'hinch third-height drives. the tenninator n:~istors an:: I 000 ohms au<l are p~nnan an tly soldered on the drive logic board. If you are adding another drive with a 1000ohm resistor pack, just add it and don't worry about the tenninators. If you want to add a drive that talces a 150-ohm te.rminalor, try a<lding the drive with a terminator resistor installed. Better yet, find a 300ohm tenninator (instead of the usual 150ohm terminator) that fits the socket on the drive, and use that if you want to use s uch a drive with a soldered I 000-ohm tenninator. The reason terminator resistors are required is that many of rhe control lines coming out of a disk controller originate in open-collector driver chips (usually 7416 or 7406 chips in a CoCo controller, or a 7438 on many IBM-PC rype controllers). Open colJector gates have the ability to pull a sib'flal duwn 10 Gruun<l, but lack lhe ability 10 push a signal High on their own. They must be used with pull-up resistors if they are to function properly. These pull-up resistors in the case of the svstem are located on the drive itself ~d called the term.iiiator resjstor. The reason for this arrangement is that open-collector gates with pull-ups al the other end of the controWng line make for especially reliable, noise-free communications along the cable between the controller and the drive. lf there is too small a temlinator resistor (as is the case if there are several 150-ohm tem1inators in the system, effective ly putting those resistors in parallel with each other), the open collector-gate is pulled tou strongly toward +5 volts (Logic I), and finds itself unable to pull the signal to Ground (Low) when told to do so. This is the reason 100 many tenninator resistors in a drive system result in rota! failure or ln unreliable operation . lo more modern drive arrangements, such as the newer 3!h-inch third-height chives, it was learned that a I 000-ohm terminator is adequate for pulling up the open-collector gates, and yet even if four such terminators are paralleled, the effective tenninator re- sistance on each line is still only 250 ohms - still more than the 150-obrns used in older systems. I hope this gives you some more insight on what_is going on with these mysterious tetminator resistors. Tying up the Keyboard Several folks have asked me recently bow much time the CoCo spends scanning the keyboard under BASIC. My own guess was that the figure is around five percent, but l asked An Flexser (ARTFLEXSER) 10 suggest a straight-forward way to empirically measure this? Here is his answer: A If you enter POKE &HADES, &H39 on a ~ CoCo 3. you will knock our the check for BREAK and SHUT-@That is done between evay BASIC stwement when a BASIC program is r1Jn and rep/nee th e starr of tha1 subroutine with an RTS. Using this you should be aMe to construct a simple test ro see hnw mud1 titrtl' a RAStr p rngram takes to run with and without that part of the keyboard scan knocked 0111 . I agree• wilh your g u<)·"·" of jivP p1 n 'Pnt of tltr rnta/ running time. but I await your report on the results of the e.xperimenr. 1 I' ve not had time to do thi ~ experiment. Interested readers are invited to try it in various form s and write THE RAINDOW wi th what they find. A Uhlted Pared Serviiic. There-is a $5 charge fortbe firstissuc. 'plus a$ l charge forcachad" dltlOnal ilJ$Ue on otdm 11ent by U.S.Mail. UPS wiUno1deUYer ID11 post office bolt Ot tO anolher COUJIU'y- on.fer to hold down costs, we do not bill, and no.C.O.D. orders accep1ed. are Marrin H. Goodman , M.D .. a physician trained i11 anesthesiology. is a longtime electronics r;nkerer and outspoken commenraror - surr of the Howard Cose/I of the CuCo world. On Delphi. Marty is the S/Gop of THE RAINBOW's CoCo SIG. His non-compwer passions include running. mountaineering and omtloor photogmphy. Marty lives in San Pablo, Califomia . About Your Subscription ~ I II' I J I II I ·1 .l l I l l I J I I I I I I RAINBOW INDEX A complete index for, July 1981 through June 1984, is printed In the July 1964 Issue. Separate copies are available for $2.50 plus 50~ handling. Indexes for subsequent years are published annually In the July issues of THE RAINBOW. TOTAL KY RESIDENTS ADD 6% CANADIAN RESIDENTS ADD 7% GST U.S. MAIL CHARGE SHIPPING & HANDLING U.P.S. 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APA 84 MA V84 JUN 84 Util~les VOLUMES Article Reprints VOLUME 1 Premier Issue Ho1i4ay Beg inn~ $3.95 0 $3.ss a a OS-9 $3.95 Data Comm. Holiday Ulilltles Home Help Hardware M ..1sic Printer $3.95 0 $3.95 '.] $3 95 Cl "'""'"· '"' '""''~ spondence to our editorial offices at Falsoft. Inc., The Falsofl $3.!>5 0 P1ogramrr tit1g S3.95 a S3.95 •..J $3.95 0 SJ.95 0 Anni>teu;-ary $395 0 VOLUME 12 Graphics $395 ""ildi"g. p~ Box 385 . u P ro s peel. KY-10059. $395 J $3.95 .J $3.95 J l3.95 .J -- - - - - - - - - - - - _ J . THE RAINBOW . Featurs Program Get Your Disks in Order ew would disagree that having your disk files in alphabetical order makes it much easier to find a specific file quickly. f wrote Disk Sorter for just this purpose -it reads a disk's directory, sorts the information contained there, then writes it back to the disk. Disk Sorter is a CoCo 3 program designed to work with standard 35-track disks. However, it is easy to modify for use with earlier versions of the Color Computer. (I'll show you how in just a minute.) First, enter the program as shown in the listing. Be especially careful and check for possible syntax errors since a stray character could cause the program to crash a disk during the sorting process. When you are sure the program is "clean," save it to disk. To sort a disk, run Disk Sorter; the program prompts you to enter a drive number. Enter the number (from 0 to 3) of the drive that holds the disk you want the program to son. Drive 0 is assumed if you simply press ENTER at this prompt. Depending on the number of files on the disk, it may take a little while for Disk Soner to do its thing. After the sort is complete, the program executes a DI R command IO show you a listing of the sorted directory. Those of you with CoCo l's and 2's cannot use Disk Sorter as printed because it contains pokes and statements applicable only to the CoCo 3. To modify the program for use with earlier CoCos, you must delete or edit a few program lines. Firsl delete F Line 160, which is used to set the screen width. Then delete Line 210, which disables the BREAK key on the CoCo 3. Also delete Line 220, the error trap, and lines 710 through 740. Delete Line 360, which enables the high-speed mode, or edit it for the CoCo l and 2 by changing &HFFD9 to &HFFD7. Similarly; delete Line 560 (disables the high-speed mode) or change &HFFDS to &H FFD6 in that line. Whenever you are using or modifying Disk Sorter, make sure the computer is not in the high-speed mode. Otherwise an 1/0 error may result, or the CoCo may trash the disk. Disk Sorter enables the high-speed mode only IO increase the speed of the sort routine (a simple bubble sort). It is also important that you never press BREAK or the Reset button while the program is running to avoid the possibility of trashing the disk. (CoCo 3 users need not worry about pressing BREAK since that key is trapped.) CoCo Disk Structure A standard Color Computer disk contains 35tracks (numbered Othrough 34)for data storage. These tracks are arranged as concentric circles on the disk, with Track 0 being the outermo!lt. Each track is divided into 18 sectors (numbered I through 18). One sector on a CoCo disk contains 338 bytes of which 256 are used for data storage (the remaining bytes are used for system controls). Track 17 is a special track that holds the 19 tors - and there are two granules per track, 68 user granules per disk. A granule ~ } A is the smallesl unil of disk Slor~ age available with Disk BASIC. In other words, even a one-line program that is ~jlliiili!;~'.~l only 40 bytes in length is allocated a whole ... granule (2304 bytes). TheFATisamapof the disk granules occupied by each file stored on the disk. Each directory entry on Trad; 17 requires 32 bytes, so eight directory ~ entries (8 entries x 32 bytes equals 256 ~ bytes) fit into one of the nine sectors (3 through 11) set aside for this purpose. Again, since a glllllule is the smallest supported unit of disk storage, a CoCo disk can hold a maximum of 68 files. 1 u \... August 1992 q V • £. s directoryforthe disk. The actual directory entries are stored in sectors 3 through 11 , and the fileallocation table (FAT) is located in Sector 2. To increase performance, sectors on a disk are grouped in 0 ....-.,...,.~~"='~~~=--..,,.'='"'----r..,..:'!-"...,.~----~, se}ected diali:-drive diJlt buffer may of~ ealriea JOQpcoon~~ iade cllMctory~ offset In diak ~ iwmberofcte~edandexistilla~~e11 iOrt pass>COU11tet· sector temporaey variable used for sort temporary variable· granules-one Figure l: Variable Dictionary granule is comprised of nine contiguous sec- ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' GRANITE COMPUTER SYSTEMS ZOOM MODEMS NEW! 14,400 BPS ZOOM V.32bil/V.42/V.42bil data modemo. MNP1 ·5+LAPM. Error Correction and data compression (much higher effective lhroughput - as much as (57,600 BPS). Two Year Warranty. Externol $339/lnternal $299 (+$9 S&H) NEW LOWER PRICE! 9600 BPS ZOOM V.32/V.42/V.42bis cl.ta modems. MNP1-5+LAPM. Error Corre<:lion and data compression (much higher effeclive throughput - as much as 38400 BPS). Two Yeat Warranty. External $299/lnternal $279 (+$9 S&H) EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS FOR THE TANDY (RADIO SHACK) COLOR COMPUTER 2& 3 32K DISK OR CASSETTE A BIBLE ADVENTURE! An exciting, non-graphic 32K adventure based on the Bible. BIBLE SCRIPTURES Quizzes on important Bible Scriptures. ALSO, other quizzes on the Bible, PLUS programs on Vocabulary, Word Usage, Spelling , and Math. Instructional, Informative, Neat, Colorful, With Block Graphics and Pleasing Sound Bible Programs 512.00 - Instructional Programs $10.00 Both sets for $19.00 Complete Instructions and Information Included! To Order, send check or money order to: ~ Sebastian LaSpada {rr"\'l 531 Main Street RAINBOW Dunkirk, New York 14048 c••'~~~noN For Information, Call (716) 366-5261 Educational Fun for the Entire Famlly! NEW LOWER PRICE! 2400 BPS ZOOM V.42/V.42bis data modems. MNPl -S+LAPM. Error correction and data compression (much high« etrectl.e throughpu1 - as much as 9600 BPS). Two Year Warranty. External $149 (+$9 S&H) NEW PRODUCT! 9600 BPS ZOOM Send/Receive fax moclenw. Send/Receive text/graphics files from/to your compul«/any Fax madiine in lhe world. Full 2400 BPS data modem capabilitiy. Seven Year Warranty. Includes PC or MAC FAX software. Externol $139/lnternal $129 (+$& S&H) NEW LOWER PRICE! 2400 BPS ZOOM Data modemo. Seven Year Warranty External $85/lntemal $75 (+$6 S&H> These are all high quality modems made by Zoom Telephonies In lhe USA. Fully Hayes compatible. Terminal and Windows Fax software available. Cables available. S&H Canada (Air PP ard Ins): VJ2, V.42/V.42bis $13.00 Send/Receive Fax/Data $9.00 GCS FILE TRANSFER UTILITIES -Version 3.0 The GCS File Transfer Utilities provide a simple and quick method to transfer text/binary files from/to a va1iety of floppy disk formats. Commands PC, RS, FLEX disks: Dir, Dump, Read, Wrile PC disks: Rename, Delete, Format Handles most S.25 and 3.S formats. Any level sub.directories (PC). Binary files. Use pipes for multiple file transfers. Multi-Vue version can be used under Mulli-Vue or as stand alone Shell commands. Requin:s OS-9 L2 for COCO 3, ll for COCO 1or2. 2 drives (one can behard/ramdlsk, one floppy 40 T DD DS). Muh l-Vue for Mulll-Vue version. SDISIO for COC03 - SDISK for COCO 1or2. OSK version price $99.95 $44.95 Multi.Vue version $54.95 Standard version Vl.O updates (provide disk number) $25.00/$15.00 D.P. Johnson Software SDISK or SDISIO $29.95 l 1+l2 Ulils $75.00 Shipping and handlling - any sofiware $250 U.S.A., $3.00 Canada Orders must be prepaid or COD. VIS/\/IN.:. accepted. COD is additional. 571 Center Road, Hillsboro, NH 03244 USA (603) 464-3850 OS.91• • trad9mark of Mierow. . SylUrns QMponllon •nc:I ~ Inc. MS-DOS Is• tr~ of Miaod Corp. FLEX h • ~o(TSC, lne. THE RA INBOW August1992 20 The fust eighl byte of a directory entry boldthefileno.meproper,andtheextcnsion isstoredinthenex1lhreebytes. lfthefirst byteofaspecificdirectoryentry(filcname) is $00, lhe file orginaUy poinled to by th111 directory entry has been deleted and the entry is available. lftbe first byte is SFF (dedmal 255), this and all subsequent enuics have never been used and are free. Disk Sorter helps speed the system a little by pushing all deleted (previously used) directory eouies lo the front of the directory when it sorts. When you USC DIR to gel a listing, you won'ucc these empty entries. However, since they are in froo1, Disk BASIC won't require as much time to find a free entry when storing a file as it docs when lhc free entries an: spaced throughout the directory. Di.d :Sorter is a grcru tool for sorting the _.,_._ direaoryinfonnationonyour CoCo ....,,...,_ lbopeyoucojoyusingtlleprogrnmandtbat it relicvcssomcoftbcbcadacbesoftrying tofindfilesinthcdislthaystad::.lfyou bave any questions or comments aboul Disk Sorter, please feel free to contact me. Make ............• •.•••....•.... .......•...... -·· ••••••••••••• ()"-\ 1 1 ll 11ll111t sure to send an SASE (with Canadian postage)ifyouoeedareply_ Geoff Friesen hasabachdoro/scitnct dtgruincomputerscitnctandma1Mmatics. Ht is the author of several published arrides abour compuurs. Ht may be eoncacted 01 Gemral Delivery, Dauphin, MB R7N2T3,Canada,(204)638-7302. Please include an SASE when requesting a repIY· The Listing: DISKSORT I 1 • t • c ac1apak replace 03 111th x3 11here x-sl o <0-1, L-Z. 2-3, 3-4) thfS patch set for slot 2 68 03 13 v Al this poinl. ,\OU lllould use cobbler 10 create a new boor di.,t so that the change is madt permanent. Robert Gault Grosse P"inte Wood<, Michigan Mulliple \ indows Onscreen Thecover o/rhe October 1991 issue of TllE IWNBOW looked really sharp! What art the parameters you used/or setting up the thru windows as shown on the numltor i11 the bouom-le/t corner of the I wcr ea te - z /wl - s-2 00 00 39 24 02 03 02 / w2 40 00 40 12 00 04 /w3 40 13 40 ll 00 01 278 288 299 399 319 329 339 ~:: 470 488 490 see 518 520 530 548 5511 568 578 588 598 689 618 628 639 649 6511 668 671 688 'SORT 01 RECTORY FOR P-11 TO N-2 FOR l-8 TO N- P- 1 IF OE10)<-0ES(l+ll THEN 558 TS-OEH I ) DES(l l-DES (l+l) DEH l+ll-TS NEXT J,P POKE &HFFDB, 8 • 'OUTPUT DIRECTORY . 1-B FOR S-3 TO 11 FOR J-1 TO 97 STEP 32 MIDS! 08Sl0l.J .32l-DE$1 I l MIDSIDBSCI l .J.32 l - DE S( 1+4) 1-1+1 NEXT J 1-1+4 DSKOS D,17,S , D8S( ll ), 08S(l) ! and run the scripL ( ote that you must use a shell script because wcreate switches windowsafteritcrcatcsthc first window. Ir you don ' t, OS-9 will create the windows on separate screens.) Once the window have been created, enter shel 1 1-1111& shel 1 1-1112& shell l - / 113& to start shells on the windows. You can then use CLBAR to move to each window and stan your applications. (Bear in mind you 'II need 512K lo gel this fancy with windows.) 1f you so desire, you can chnnge the color of each window by modifying the last three numbers (02 03 02) for window /w 1, and the last two numbers (00 04 nnd 00 0 I) for windows /112 and / wl. TI1c pammc1crs represenl. in order from left 10 righ1: starting x (boriz.) position staning y (ven.) position x size in characters y size in rows foreground color background color border color The border color is specified for lbe f&rsl window only - all other windows on the same screen use the bonlercolorofthe first window. You may notice that we used rather odd dimensions for lbe windows. For example, the first window is 39 columns wide (x size=39) and theo<hcrtwo windows slllr1 at column 40. Also the seoood window .is 40 columns by 12 row • while the lhird window is 40 columns by 11 rows starting al row 13- This gives a I <haracter margin between each window. Ifyou prefer to have 40-columo by 24-row and 40-column by 12-row windows without lhc margin. change the script as follows: wcreate -z /Ill - s-2 00 DO 40 24 02 03 02 / w2 40 00 40 12 00 04 /w3 40 12 40 lZ OD 01 Ernest Bazzinolli. Jr. Dorchester, Massachusse/ls To create the windows as shown on the cover, use bu 11d or an edimno create a she ll script with the command' 258 268 08 cover? a ~!: WIDTH 32 PRINT "DSORT <DISK SORT)" PRINT INPUT "DRIVE (11-3)": D H D<8 OR 0>3 THEN 198 POKE &HE4ZB-&H21 ON ERR GOTO 718 ' INPUT DIRECTORY • 1-e FOR s-3 TO 11 DSKU 0,17,S,DBHBl.OBSl ll FOR J-1 TO 97 STEP 3Z DESCI l-lllDJ (08S CB>.J , 3 2) DES( 1+4)-lllOS<DBS(l l.J .32 ) 1-1+1 HUT J !'[~;:4 S POKE &HFF09 _8 • 'D£TER"lllE NUMBER Of EllTRIES :~ _. l-B l 'DISK SORTER 369 2 "BY GEOFF FRIESEN 378 698 NEXT S 3 'COPYRIGHT IC) 1992 388 709 DIR D 4 'BY FALSOFT, I NC · ~9 B 719 POKE &HHZ8.lHZ7 5 'RAINBOW MAGAZ I HE ~ "-u 190 'DSORT !DISK SORT) 08 XS-LEFTSCDES(l),1) 728 lF ERMO- -l THEN END 1111 • 42.9 If XS-CHRS(255) ntEN 459 738 PR! NT *ERROR*: ERNO: "9": 749 PRINT ERLIN 128 'lllITIALIZE 431 N-N+l: I-1+1 138 ' 440 IF 1<72 THEN 4111 148 CLEAR 3BIJ0 :~: F N<2 THEN 780 L...1_se_D_1M_ D_es_ 1_2_>_.D_E_l_<7_Z_>_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _~_.,...__, Switching lots Hert is the answer you requested/or Kent Holcomb in the October 1991 issue. First, It should be mentioned Illar OS-9 Level II (at least on my disks) has t3. dd and ml . dd incorrectly set 11p 011 tlte Co11fig disk. The ma1111al and help messages 0111/re disk say that lt3 isfortlreRS-232 Pok inS/or 2 o/rlie Multi-Pak lmetfnce a11d that /ml is for tire Direcr Comrect Modem Pak i11 Slot I. I/you insp1•c1 tire aci110/ descriptors, you will see rlrar rlrey are hacJ..wnrds.- /t3 is ser ro work with modpak i11stend of acl apak whil~ /ml is set tn work with aciapak insteado/11odpak. Wnrsestill, ac1apakdoes not get its slot infom1arion from the descriptors but (as you said) llos rhe s/01 lrnrd coded. Tlrut is, howevu, a simple answer 10 Kem' s problem using rhe following 11odpa tch script. 160 178 180 190 200 218 Z28 Alternatively, you may want 10 mtally change the locations and size> uf the win· dows or add more windows 10 belier suil your needs. 0 -9vs. OS-9 i The first rime I saw 1/11• OS9: prompr. I was trying ltJ c/111111111 DL Logo picwrejile ro tlte printt!I' (11/c/ di.vcovered I needed more "tools." /' nisei/I rrying ro get rhe picture printed, but in tht meantime I have a few questions coming/ram an absolute beginner who taught hbnselfBASJC and is trying to sran all over with OS-9 which. so far. is a lot like Latin I studied in school: totally great stuff you never use anywllere. A while ago a Logo product was produudfor the CoCo called DL Logo, lfhich ran under OS-9 Levtd I . This, like a /01 of Level I programs, won't boot on 1he CoCo 3. 811r some 'uvel I Version 2 programs. suclr as DeskMate, do boor and run 011 the CoCo3. Conceptually, l understand OS-9 as a vanilla operating sy.vtem with all rltest possibilities out there soml'where. So I l1avt OS-9 level I (I always nUJnage to buy something j11St about tire rime it is worth· less), and /lra1•eOS-9Lt1•el lf. What/ do11'1 understand is tire difference beJwun OS-9 Levd I files and OS-9 Level[/ files. Or is I here a difference ? If OS-9 is just a11 operating system, shouldn't it be possible to mo1-e DL Logo to an OS-9Level11 system? f don' rmindwnruringojfimo thefunue. I might even buy one ofthe new Tonu:ots. It would just be nice if, as 1echnology jumps another parsec into tht futurt , someom would leave bthind o /inle pocket of clul'.f for those of us who follow at a distance but who must moi·e through tile same hoops and learning curves. This constant change and assumption that customers are eonrinually thrilled about new stuff and are always ready to plunk down money puts off many people ...ho asswne that if they do11' r lral'e the lausr in point-and-c/icli. MacBurgers, 1hey can' r Cflmpece or com· pule. I work wiJh these type.< every day. They laugh at my CoCo and lhen run ojfin search cfchmp memory drips. /( s a srrange world. Michael Franich Milton, Waslting1011 OS-9 Level I versions 01.00.00 and 01.0 1.00 an: virtually identical in all n:spccts, and neither version will boot on the CoCo 3. This is because they both use the memory area between $FEOO and $FEFF. On theCoCo 3. this memory area is used by the GIME chip lo store interrupl vectors and other goodies. 0 ·9 Leve.I 1 Version 02.00.00 was wri tten Npecificully in preparation for OS-9 Level 11 and the CoCo3. This version isdifferenl in lhal 1he screen driver was split into three modules: C0 32 .1ohandles1he 1/0 forthe CoCo's 32column screen. coao . i o handl es the 1/0 for the PBJ WordPalc-RS SO-column video board. and the module tha1 bandies l/O for the keyboard. As you can probably tell, this w done in pn:p:uatioo for Level ff s windows. OS-9 Level D splits lbe video handlers into lhn:e classifications: VDGlnt bandies OS-9 Level I compatible video, Grflnt is the Ullldard window driver. and Wind Int replaces Gr fl nt to add pull-down menu suppon for Multi-Vue. lfyou boot the ystem using Term_ VDG (the 32-column green screen). most OS-9 Level I sof1w11rc will run with OS-9 Level U. For example, DL Logo hould work fine when ru.n from lhe VDG screen. To do so, boot OS-9 Level 11 and insert the DL Logo disk inlo Ille drive. Use the chd and chx command to change the current directories tothcDLLogodi k.(Forexample,chd /dO and c hx /dO/cmds.) Try running the program lo see if it works. As you are alluding, OS-9 is jusl an operating system. Software written for OS9 Level 1 bould nm with OS-9 Level U witboul any problems. Keep in mind that if a particular program uses any rricks, it may not worlc properly with OS-9 Level U. An example of this is Profile distributed by Computcrware. Profile would have worked fine with OS-9 Level 11. bul il attempts to link to the ttGo module lo search for the string TANOY to make sure the program is running on a CoCo. Of course. since the CoCo 3 use the Ct3Go module. Profile aborts with an error. Need Relief ? ~ a I See Page 14 for Details DELPHI - The ~1 per hour online solution! DELPHl's 20/20 Advantage Plan sets the standard for online value: 20 hours for only $20, for all the services you want! • • • • • • Thousands of files to download. Chat lines with hundreds of participants. Worldwide e-mail. Hobby and computer support groups. Multi-player games. Local access numbers in over .6..QQ. cities and towns. Trial Offer: 5hours for ~5! Try DELPHI at $1 per hour. Join today and get 5 hours of evening and weekend access for only $5. If you're not satisfied, simply cancel your account before the end of the calendar month with no further obligation. Keep your account active and you'll automatically be enrolled in the 20/20 plan for the next month. 1. Via modem, dial 1-800-365-4636. 2. When connected, press RETURN once or twice. 3. At Password, enter RB55 Questions? Call 1-800-695-4005. Rates apply for evening and weekend access from within the mainland US. There is a one-time enrollment fee of $19 when you join the 20/20 Advantage Plan. Further details are provided during the online registration. DELPHI is a service of General Videotex Corporation 1030 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge. MA 02138-5302 800-695-4005 • 617-491-3393 2_2___A_u_g_u_s_t_1_s_s_2____________________________ ,,, ,, ',\I The Assembly Line + 2 + 11 ' • 11, 1//. '~ + S . + . ince the first time I saw an 8mm cartoon, I've thought animation was something special; but it isn't restricted to those people pushing paper and pencil for Walt Disney. No, graphics animation is a natural use for the Color Computer especially when combined with the speed of machine language. In this article, we'll look al how machine language can help the CoCo strut its stuff. Traditional character animation involves rapidly "flipping" through a "deck" of pictures in which each successive image is slightly different from the last. Needless to say, the number of images required for a smooth animation sequence can be quite higb. This is also true when using a computer for animating objects. Through Animator I'll show you how to use the CoCo to draw and save eight graphics pages, each containing twelve 64-by-64-pixel frames for animation, producing an animated sequence with a total of 96 frames. To rapidly show 96 successive frames, we need to keep them in the computer's memory while flipping through them. After all, loading each page from disk when it is needed would use up valuable time and cause the sequence to appear jumpy. A standard PMOOE4 graphics page occupies 6144 bytes, and there are eight pages, so we need to find 48K of free memory. We' ll simply have the computer store them starting at a very low location in memory and going au the way up to $F800. Since memory above $8000 contains the CoCo's ROM routines, we'll poke a value into Location $FFDF so we can use the corresponding high-RAM area. The workhorse of Animator is shown in Listing I. The short assembly-language routine between lines 210 and 340 is used to place each graphics page in an appropriate memory area as it is loaded. (This routine works in conjunction with the BASIC program in Listing 3, which loads the actual graphics images from disk.) A standard PMODE4 graphics page starts at Address $0EOO and ends at $25FF. The assembly routine stores the first page at Location $3800 and the second page $2600 bytes above this. Each successive graphics page is stored $2600 bytes above the last as it is loaded by the BASIC program; memory storage ends at Address $F800. Lines 240 and 330 d.isable and enable the interrupts, while lines 250 and 320 set the high- and low-RAM flags as needed. When all eight pictures have been loaded and stored, the assembly-language routine starting at Line 360 can be used to show the frames . As I mentioned earlier, each frame is 64 pixels high and 64 pixels wide. However, I want to double this size before displaying the frames, so each bit must be repeated in a line and each line shown twice. The FRAME macro takes care of this; it starts with the first frame in memory (Line 390) and uses SHOWIT (Line 670) to display a 64-by-64 area as a 128-by- l 28 pixel image. Let 's look at how SHOWIT works. Memory Location $1208 represents the top-left comer of a centered 128-by-128- ... • • • + sun (or, perhaps three moons revolving around a planet). Whenyourunthisprograrn, it will draw and save to disk eight full PMOOE4 graphics pages. Once the eight images are saved on disk, you can run the program shown in Listing 3, ANIMSHOW. This short BASIC driver loads the machine-language program (if necessary). It then loads the eight separate graphics pages and displays all 96 frames in succession. AN! MD RAW loops until you press the BREAK key. Line 250 contains the narm: of the AN IM file lo be shown and the speed at which the animation will be displayed. You can experiment with different speeds by poking values into $37C4; After stopping the program using BREAK, you can resume the animation with the new speed by entering GOTO 220. You can use these routines to animate just about any sequence by altering AN · I HORAW (Listing 2). Follow the same general format shown in the listing. The heart of the program is in lines 80 through I 40 and Line 290. Once the twelve frames for one PMOOE4 screen are drawn, the full image mustbesaved. Be surethetitles .i nLine270 are different from any that you've already saved unless you want to era.~e the originals. Linc 230 was necessary in my plan<>tary sequence since everything revolves amundthecenterofeachframe. Depending on how you' re drawing your animation, you may want to start HH and vv at (0,Q) or at (0,63). Increase HH by 64 for each frame, and increase VV by 64 for each row, looping back to their original values at the end of each 12 frames. [Editor's Note : Included on rhe Augusr RAINBOW ON TAPE/ DISK is differem se1 of eight files rha1, when run through Animator, depict a 3D cube rotorillg in space. To view the sequence, remove the REM marker from Line 260 of ANIMSHOW and place a REM marker at the beginning of Line 250.] Another alteration you may want to make is to convert Animator to generate color animations, but you'll probably have to .... + ++ + pixel screen area. The graphics area we are using is eight bytes (64 bits) long and 64 bits wide, and the values for the image in this area are stored in ACROSS and DOWN . Register U is always used to hold the localion of the current frame in memory. Store the first byte of the frame in Register B and use shifts to check each hit. An arithmetic shift left (ASLB) will remove the left-most bit and save it in the "carry register" (the carry bit in the condition-codes register). If that bit is 0, the register is clear and you can branch (BCC) to the next bit check. If the carry bit is High (a logic one), however, you must set two bits in Register A (remember, we're doubling the frame size). The first time througb, we are dealing with Bit 7, so we'll need to set bits 7 and 6 of Register A. Do this either by ORing the contents with 192 (128+64) or ADDing 192 to Register A. The same procedure is carried out for Bit6; ifitis High, set the next two bits (5 and 4) in Register A using 48 (32+16).IfBit5ofthegraphicsbyte isset, set bits 3 and 2 in Register A by increasing ii by 12 (8+4). Finally, if Bit 4 is High. set bits 1 and 0 of Register A by increasing it by 3 (2+ 1). Notice at this point we 're only halfway through the number, and Register A is full; save Register A as Nl, clear Register A, and repeat the proce s for bits 3 through 0 of the graphics byte. When you arc finished, save Register A as N2. When all of the first graphics byte has been checked, you have two numbers (Nl and N2) that "double" this byte. The program loads Register D with these values and stores them (as two bytes) 32 bytes away (one line) from the current screen location, and then again at the current screen location. The horizontal screen location is then increased by two ( , X++) and the program is ready for the next byte. When the first row is complete. the program jumps 24 bytes in the array (LEAU 24 , U) to the start of Row 2 of that frame. It also jumps half a line plus another entire line on the screen (LEAX 48 , X). Now it's just a matter of repeating everything until we've gone downall 64rows of the frame . l've included a delay in Line II DO that you . in theincreases BASIC program (Listing3); adjustvalue acan higher the delay between frames. Once the first frame is shown, the FRAME macro increases the current graphics location by eight bytes (64 bits- the width of a frame) to get the next frame. When all four frames in the first row have been shown, the macro is recalled using the stan of the next four frames. Altogether, the macro is called 24 times, displaying four frames each time. This certainly cuts down on the length of the source code, saving a lot of writing. Enter the source code in Listing I and check it for errors with A/NO/ NS/WE. When it's error-free, save the source code using W ANIM.ASM and assemble it using A ANIM . BIN (NS/WE. Now that we have a machine-language program to display successive frames of graphics, we need to find some graphics images to animate. Listing 2 shows a BASIC program that draws a series of images that simulate three planets revolving around a .+ + I -: Animation Creation ·.. ·· ~\,/,,,.,,. ,,,,,,,,. .Through Machine Language + THE RAINBOW ,,, •• + .. + • t ~ • . ...... • + + + r - + + t • I t t doubl e the frame width resulting in the ability to use only half as many frames. Coco 3 users may be able to use a lot more memory and increase the number of frames. A quick animation sequence like my drawing in Listing 2 could be saved directly into RAM instead of saving it to disk and reloading it. If you're zooming in on a Mandelbrot Set, however, image drawing takes so long that you'll need to save each page as you go and reload it later. That'sall forth is month. If you have any suggestions or ideas for future articles, or questions about any of my articles, please let me know. Bill Nee bucked the snowbird trend by retiring to Wisconsin from a banking career in Florida. The success of his 13-parr series, "Machine Language Made BASIC" (July 1988 roJuly 1989), prompted him to continue writing articles about Color Computer machine-language programming . You may contact Bill at Route 2, Box 216C, Mason , WI 54856-9302 , (715) 7462952 . Please include an SASE when re- l~~!j~~[JBJIJ~~~~Ji~~L~q:u:es:t:i11~g~a~re:p:/y~.-----------. Listing 1: AN IM 00100 FRAME MACRO 00110 LOU l/S\0 SHOW IT 00120 LBSR 00130 LOU l/$\0+B 00140 LBSR SHOW IT 00150 LOU l/$\0+$10 00160 LBSR SHOW IT 00170 LOU l/$\0+$18 001B0 LBSR SHOW IT 00190 ENDM 00200 ORG $3500 00210 00220 LOAD LOX l/$£00 START OF GRAPHICS LOU //$3800 00230 START OF STORAGE (CHANGES ) 00240 ORCC DIS /1$50 ABLE INTERRUPTS 00250 CLR HFOF HIGH -RAM FLAG ,X++ 00260 Ll LOO GET FIRST 2 GRAPHICS BYTES STD 00270 SAVE THEM 002B0 CMPU OF STO RAGE AR[A 00290 BHS OF ROOM 00300 CMPX OF GRAPHICS PAGE 00310 BLO NEXT 2 BYTES 00320 LIA CLR RAM FLAG 00330 AN DCC ABLE INTERRUPTS 00340 RTS 00350 00360 ORG 00370 SHOW ORCC 003B0 CLR 00390 PAGElA FRAME fl RST FOUR FRAMES 00400 PAGElB FRAME .U++ ANO l/$F800 END LlA OUT 1/$2600 END Ll GET SFFDE LOW- //SAF EN - $3520 /IS50 SFFOF 3800 4000 NEXT W!ndc!w Wrltv- A point & click Word Processor, powerful formatllng capa.btllty, works wl ..•lh any printer. On screen Italic, bold ea:.. WVSrNVG.-.. ··--·- $59.95 "Wlndolt' Writer J. • powerlul word PfOC#Sot" that I• fun to uee, very u•r /Mndly. __ 11» Envlotnment compvH fil110rebly to th.It of ~ Windon " ·RAINBOW O.C. 188 Wlndgw Wrtt•r/W· lor non W/M ownara ••_._ _ $79.95 W!Qdgw , . . Cgmpller·limllar ID CBASIC-.$99.00 W!ndpw Ell/Alm-A full feall.lted Aaaembler.•.$49.95 fodDQon Edttgre. Buie & M.L. wrliona ...... _ $1U5 If you want ID write fast madllne language programs bul you don't want ID spend lhe nelll few yeanJ lrylng ro wrl» lhem In Assembly Language , then CBASIC is lhe~ll CBASIC la lhe only fUly lnregraled Basic Compiler and p<OQtlll11 edlllng syal8111 available for the Color Compul«. ll alloW you ID lllke Ill.I advanlllge of all lhe capablllllea available In your color computll< without ha'llng IO lpend ye1119 lrylng TO learn aasembly language programmlng. CBASIC allows you ID aeate, edlt and conwn programs from a language you are already famlU11r with Extended Disk Colof Baalc, Into fast efficient madllne language pRlQl8ITIS easily and qulddy. "Tiie moet complete Editor/Complier I h•ve - n fot lhe CoCo.M "-TM RAINBOW March 1681 CBASIC Is a powetful IDOi for lhe Beginner as well as lhe Advanced Saale or Ml.. programmer. CBASIC leaDJres well OV8f 150 compiled Basic Commands and Funcdona lhal lully auppolt Diak Sequential and Direct access ftles, Tape, Plfnter and Scteen VO. CBASIC auppona ALL the High and low Reaolullon Graphk:a, Sound, Play and String Operations available in Enhanced Color Basic, Including Graphics HIGET, HI PUT, PLAY and H.IORAW, all with 99% ayn!aX aimpallblUty. Specify Coco 1, 2 or 3 Diak $149.00 AUTOPILOT and AUTO-LOG Processora X-MODEM DIRECT DISK FILE TRANSFER VT·100 & VT·52 TERMINAL EMULATION • No lost daia even at 2400 Baud on the Serial VO port. • 8 Selectable Display Formats, 32140/84180 cclumns • ASCII & BINARY disk file llllnsler via XMODEM. • Directly record receive data (Data Logging). • VT-100 emuladon for VAX, UNIX and other systems. • VT-100/52 cursor keys, position, PF & AIL Kbd. keys. • Programmable Word Length, Patliy. Stop Bits • Complete Full and Hall Duplex operalion, • Send lull 128 chatac:ter set from Keyboard . • Complelll EdllDr. lnaert, Delete, Change or Add • • 9 Variable length, Programmable Maao Key buffers. • Programmable Printer r818S from 110 ID 9600 Baud. • Send file$ lrom the Buffer, Macro Key Buffers or Diak. • Display on Screen or Print the conl&nts of !he Buller. • Freeze Display & Revtew lnformalion On tine . • Built In Command Menu (Help) Display. Supports: Modem-Pak & Deluxe Pak or Serial Polt. Specify Coc:o 1, 2. 3 Diak $49.95 Am0C9d PrpcpmDllfl Ciu!sP- --·-· ..·····-· .. $24.95 Dw 11tn!OQf g•IMo Concentrallon game ....- ..$19.95 O.k Ac==a P.k-7 rs.Iden! PIOQl8flll .....$39.95 A Compl•t•ly New and Easy to uss T•rmlnal Program designed spec/flcally for the Coco Ill. With advanced features you would expecs ID find only in a Hi-Priced MS-Dos program. II has a 26 Enuy Phone DireclDl'y wilh complete Configuralion Iii Iii Clll!ftO ,... CWIHAl/111 The Ultimate User Friendly Point & Click operating System for your Coco 3. Simple enough even for children tc use, just point and click IO run programs, select flies, do disk or file maintenance or almost any task you currently do by typing commands. You also gel things like a print spooler, Programmable Function Keys, a Buffered Keyboald . Ramdlak, Serial 110 port and Deluxe Pak support along with Wlndowa, loons, Buttons, Pull Down Menus, Edit Fields and Mouse luncllons all In one program. It has multiple Ionia In 54 possible sizes and siyles, Enhanced Basic Editing and much much more. It add over 50 commands and Funl:lions to Ba.sic ID lull'( auppon Iha Point & Cilek Syst3m wilhout 059. "..It ottws •a m•ny t.•turn lh•I It I• prolMbly undatprloed.. I recomtHnd thl• •oftw•,.. to ell CoCo3 owner&" -TM Rainbow Febun11y 11189 It la completely compatible wilh exiSling Basic programs and talces absolutely no memory away from basic. It reqUlres 1 Disk Driw, R.S. !*es inter1ace & Joystick or Mouse. lnclUdH 128 & 512K Veralona Only $69.95 e EDT/ASM 111 ls a Diak based m-resldentText E~ & Assembler. It ls designed ID lllke adVanlage of the new leatum of the COCO 3. It has 8 llsplay formaJs from 32/40(64/80 cclumns. The disk also coolalns a lraa srandlng ML De~ Monillll'. EDT/ASM Ill has Ille most powerlul, easy tc use Text Editor available In and Editor/Assembler package for 1he Color Computer. • Local and Global siring search anc:f{or replace. ' Full Saean llne editing. • Load and Sava standard ASCII formatted files. • Block Moce & Copy, lnsen, Delete, OVertype. • Create and Edit files larger than memoiy. The Assembler leal!Jres Include: • Conditional lllfhen/Else assembly. • Disk Library files up to 9 levels deep. • Supports standard Motorola directives. · Allows multiple values In FCBIFDB directives. • Allows assembly from Buffer, Disk or both. Specify Coco 1, 2 or 3 Diak $59.95 The SOURCE wit allow you ID easily and quldcly Disassemble machine language programs direaly tr.om disk and generate beaulilul, Assembler Source Code, And• The Sot.rce" has all the features and lunclions you are looking for In a Disassembler • AUU>mallc Label generation. ' Allows specifying FCB, FCC and FOB areas. • Disassembles pwgrams dlrec!ly 1rom Disk. • Au!Omllllcally locates addresses. • Output Osting tc lhe Printer, Saeen or both. • Generates Assembler source direcUy to disk. •Built In He>c/ASCll dump/display. • 8 Selectable Display formats 32/40l60J80. • Built in Disk Directory and KOi file commands. • Menu display with single key commands. •Written In Ultra last machine language. Specify Coco 1, 2 or 3 Disk $49.95 lnfonnalion for Communlcal!ona and AU1Dmalk: logon. Supports the Serial l/O Port up ID 2400 baud, Deluxe & Modem Pale and the DialD SellaJ l/O board up ID 9600 baud. It has a FUI Screen Text Editor, XIY Modem File transfer support, Split Screen Conference Mode, Macro Keys. Full Disk Support lndudlng M.iltifile Copy, KJll, Rename, Arc'Un-Arc and Disk Initialize and [t la Completely Compadbla with ADOS. Require• 128K, Diak a. 80 Col. Dlaplay Disk. Commands B•cltup, lnlll•Jfu, Dl!Wclory, V•tlfy, ComfNU•, S.etoh. Ed/I, EtNO, SpHd Tu~ 8,.p R•,. T••~ <klln Tab# AneJyele • ,..ptl/r $44.95 File Commands Art:lv•, Copy, KUI, Ren.m., EnH, View, Edi~ Ptln~ CompM•, S•l-ngo, So•tt:h, V•rlty, THI An:lw, IJn..Atdw, Xmodom Sotld/fi.c. The Diak Utility Progr•m that you •lw•y• dr••m•tl of I• now • R••llty. Coco Tools Is a ccmprehanalve disk ulil[ty Program providing the most complete aet of !unctions available for lhe standard R.S. DOS disk ayalem. Comparable in scope and functionality ID thal of lhe famous utility avdable for MS-OOS oomputera 'PCHOOl..S'I Coa> Tools Is also the most Comprehensive llsk Repair program avallable, It AutDmatically diagnosis and repalra file allocalion errors, locate• corrupt directory lnfomlalion and aosa inked les. It provides last and easy reaiveiy of deleted files wllhoUt lhe drudgery normally asaocialed wilh killed file reawery. Requlrn 1281<. 019k I 80 col. dlsplay $49.95 Savings Up To 35% EDT/ASM Ill •.....•.......•...••.•......•.$49.95 Window Master........................... $49.95 Window Master & Window Wrtter..... $79.95 Deluxe Terminal.. ........................$34.95 VISA, MASTERCARD or COD c,,11 T oll F rc- t" 1-&00-Je3-&S29 (Monday lhru Sarurday, 8am ID 5pm PSl). To order by mall, sand check or money Older for the amount of lhe program plus $4.00 for shipping to: Cer-Comp Ltd. 5566 Ricochet Avenue Las Vegas, NV 89110 702-452-0632 24 August 1992 FOUR FRAMES 00410 PAGElC FRAME 00420 PAGE2A FRAME 00430 PAGE2B FRAM E 00440 PAGE2C FRAME 00450 PAGE3A FRAME 00460 PAGE38 FRAME 004 70 PAGE3C FRAME 00480 PAGE4A FRAME 00490 PAGE4B FRAME 00500 PAGE4C FRAME 00510 PAGESA FRAME 00520 PAGESB FRAME 00530 PAGESC FRAME 00540 PAGE6A FRAME 00550 PAGE68 FRAME 00560 PAGE6C FRAME 00570 PAGE7A FRAME 005B0 PAGE7B FRAME 00590 PAGE7C FRAME 00600 PAGEBA FRAME 00610 PAGEBB FRAME 00620 PAGEBC FRAME 00630 CLR 00640 AN DCC 00650 RTS 00660 00670 SHO WIT LOX CENTER THE DI SPLAY LOA 00680 ROWS DOWN STA 00690 00700 L2 LOB BYTES ACROSS 00710 STB 00720 L3 CLRA 00730 LOB GRAPHI CS BYTE 00740 RI ASL8 CHECK BIT 7 00750 BCC BRANCH [ F ZERO 00760 ORA BITS 7. 6 AS LB 00770 R2 CHECK BIT 6 BCC 00780 BRANCH [ F ZERO 00790 ORA BITS 5,4 00800 R3 ASLB THE RAINBOW 4800 5000 5800 6000 6800 7000 7800 8000 8800 9000 9800 A000 A800 8000 8800 C00 0 CB00 0000 0800 E000 E800 F000 SFFDE llSAF //$1208 1/64 DOWN llB II II ACROSS .U+ GET R2 l/192 SET R3 l/4B SET 00810 BCC 00820 ORA 00830 R4 ASLB 00840 BCC 00850 ORA 00860 RS STA FIRST HALF 00870 CLRA READY FOR BITS 3-0 00880 ASLB CHECK BIT 3 BCC 00890 BRANCH IF ZERO 00900 ORA 8 ITS 7. 6 00910 R6 ASLB 00920 BCC 00930 ORA 00940 R7 ASLB 00950 BCC 00960 ORA 00970 RB ASLB 00980 BCC 00990 ORA 01000 CONT STA SECOND HALF 010Hl LOO UP DOUBLED VALUE 01020 STD SHOW STD 01030 TW!CE 01040 DEC 01050 8NE 01060 LEAU START OF NEXT ROW 01070 LEAX 1 1/2 LINES 01080 DEC 01090 BNE 01100 DELAY LDY ADJUSTABLE DELAY 01110 01 LEAY 01120 8NE 011 30 RTS 01140 ACROSS RMB 01150 DOWN RMB RMB 01160 NJ 01170 N2 RMB END 01180 R4 1112 R5 113 Nl SA VE R6 1/192 SET R7 ll4B RB 1112 CONT 113 N2 SAVE NI Pl CK 32. x AND .X++ lT ACROSS L3 24.U 48,X SKIP DOWN L2 //$2000 - I. y 01 J I I J LOAO Feature Program CoCo Finds the Right Location C entering a phrase. or title onscreen whi le writing progra ms can be a real chore. ll i n '1 all that difficu It but involves e nough tria l and error that it becomes a laborious task. That's why I wrotePri111 Ar. I' rim At is a simple BASIC program thaJ helps you place a short line of text just about anywhere on the screen. After running the program, you are prompled to enter the phrase; rype up 10 17 c haracters (to allow longer lines. change I FL> l 7 in Line 90 to a greater value) and press ENTER. Then use the arrow keys to move the text line around the screen. As you move the text, the actual PRINT@ location is displayed at the bottom of the ,;creen. You can move the phra<e anywhere from the top line down to two rows from the bottom. When the text is positioned 10 your satisfaction and you have noted the proper location, press BREAK. Then you can use the location with the PR [ NT@ statemem in your BASIC program. [t"s amazing how such a simple program can be so handy. John Musumeci is " retired 1V repairman whose sole hobby for the past eight years has been working with C1nd programming the Color Computer. He may he contacted at /03 -57 104 Street, Ozone Park. NY 11417. (718) 738-0212 . Please include an SASE when requesting a reply _ 16K Exiended The Listing: I 2 3 4 PR!NTAT 'PRINT AT 'BY JOHN MUSUHEC I 'COPYRIGHT (C) 1992 'BY FALSOFT, !NC. • 5 ' RAJNBOW MAGAZINE 10 CLS: PRI NT@107 . "**PR! NT@**" 20 FORX • lT01000: NEX TX 30 PRI NT@270. "BY": FORX• J T0600: NE XTX 40 PRINT@329. "JOHN MUSUMECI":FOR X•IT02000: NEXTX 50 CLS: C•0:R-0:AT·0 60 SOUND225, l: PR!NT"ENTER PHRASE (17 CHAR. MAX.)" 70 lNPUTAS:L•L EN(A$1 80 CLS:PR!NT@AT . AI 90 lFL>l7THENP RINT:PRINT"PHRASE T-0-0 L- AR-GE":SOUN075,10: FORX-1 T0600: NEXTX: GOT050 100 FORX-1 T0600:NEXTX : PRINT@l06, "USE ARROWS": SOUND225, l 110 Bl-I NKEH: IF 8S•""THEN!l0 120 IF ASC(BS)•9 THEN C-C+l:8-C+ L:IF 8>31 THEN C-32 - L 130 IF ASC(8$)-8 THEN C•C - l:IF C <0 THEN C-0 140 IF ASC(BS)•94 THEN R•R - l:IF R<0 THEN R•0 150 [F ASC(BS)•l0 THEN R•R+l:IF R>J3 THEN R- 13 160 CLS 170 AT•32*R+C:PRINT@AT,A $ 180 PR I NT@48 ! , "PR I NT@"': AT: 190 6010110 Listing 2: AN I MORAW Listing 3: AN I MS HOW 1 'ANIMATION DRAWER 2 'BY WlLLIAM P. NEE 3 'COPYRIGHT CCJ 1992 4 'FALSOFT, INC. 5 ' RAIN BOW MAGAZINE 10 FOR N-1 TO B:READ Tl$(N):NEXT 20 PMODE4,l:COLOR0,5:PCLS:SCRE[N 1,1 30 Rl -12:R2-14:R3-16 : PI-4*ATN(J) 40 HH-32: VV-32 50 FOR N-0 TO 95 60 A-N*3. 75:A-A*ATN(J)/45 70 Al -3*A:A2-2*A:A3-A 80 [ F N-1 2 Tli[N 280 90 [ F N-24 THEN 280 100 [ F N-36 TH EN 2B0 110 IF N-48 THEN 2B0 120 [ F N-60 TH EN 280 130 fF N-72 THEN 280 140 lF N-B4 THEN 280 150 XJ-[NT(HH+Rl*COS(AJ+Pl/6) l 160 VJ-INT(VV-Rl*SIN(Al)l 170 X2-[NT(HH+R2*COS(A2+Pl/6)) 180 Y2-INT(VV - R2*S!N(A2 )) 190 X3-INT<HH+R3*COS(A3+Pl/6)) 200 Y3-lNTCVV-R3*SINCA3)) 21 0 CIRCLE(HH,V V) , 8 220 PSET( Xl, YI ): PSET( X2, Y2): PSET ( X3. Y3) 230 HH-HH+64: IF HH>224 THEN HH-3 2:VV•VV+64: IF VV >l60 THEN VV-32 240 NEXT N: VERIFYON 250 SAVEM Tl$(8) , &HE00,&H25FF .&H E00 260 GOTO 260 270 DATA ANIMlA,ANIMJB,ANIMlC,AN [MJO, ANIM I E, ANIMI F, ANIMJG, AN [ MlH 280 VERIFYON 290 SAVEM Tl$(N/12) ,&HE00,&H25FF ,&HE00 300 PMODE4,l:COLOR0.5:PCLS:SCREE NI, J: GOTO ! 50 l 'ANIMATION SHOW 2 'BY WILLIAM P. NEE 3 'COPYRIGHT (Cl 1992 4 'BY FALSO FT , I NC. 5 'RAINBOW MAGAZINE 10 CLEAR 200, &H3500 - l 20 l F PEEKC&H3500l<>l42 THEN LOA DH" AN IM": POKE&HFF40. 0 30 PMODE4.l:COLOR0.5:PCLS:SCREEN 1,1 40 READ Fl$. SP: POKE &H37C4, SP 50 POKE &H 3504. &H3B 60 LOADM Fl$+" A": EXEC &H3500 70 POKE &H3504, &H50 80 LOADM Fl$+"B": EXEC &H3500 90 POKE &H3504. &H68 100 LO ADM F [ $+"C": EX EC &H 35 00 l 10 POKE &H3504. &H80 120 LOADM Fl$+"D" : EXEC &H3500 130 POKE &H3504. &H9B I •0 LOADM F [ $+" E": EX EC &H3500 I50 POKE &H 350 4.&HB0 160 LOADM Fl$+"F" :EX EC &H3500 170 POKE &H3504. &HC8 IB0 LOADM Fl$+"G" : EHC &fl3500 190 POKE &H3504, &H E0 200 LOADM FIS+"H": EXEC &H3500 210 POKE &HFF40.0 220 PMODE4, I: COLOR0. 5: PCLS: SCREE NI. I 230 240 250 260 EX EC &H3520 GOTO 230 DATA ANIMJ.&H10 'DATA ANIM2.&H20 August 1992 THE RAINBOW 25 F11lllre Program Protect Your Parcels With Care Labels hen you send a tape or di k through the mail. good packing 1echniques are essential . It can also help to lei posUll employees know !hat what you are sending is somewhat delicate. You can do this by puning warning labels on your packages. Post Care is designed for use with a CoCo and a DMP-130 printer, and prints warning labels for you. The program suppons one-up labels that arc 4 inches wide by 1~ inches tal I and prints two copies of the warning on each label. Enter POSTCARE from the listing and save it to tape or disk. Linc 10 sets !he computer's sending speed 10 2400 bps. Alter this poke to match your setup. The control codes used are supported by most Tandy printers, though you may need to change them if your printer docsn 't W suppon the same features as the DMP130(ur if your primer is not a Tandy). The control codes are commented in the listing. When you run the program, you arc prompted for whether you want a label for a disk (press D) or a tape (press T). To end the program, press E. The label is then printed and the prompt returns, allowing you to print a bunch of labels at one time. Only once did 1forgelto attach a label IO a tape I sent from Australia to the U.S. That package went through an electronic saning machine in San Francisco and was lhor- ---C';~JNa3~-:r:a~ ~:C..B.A.~B ..A.:Jlil"X> .A.~C>XX> :JIC.A.c:>-:Br.EICT X c::; ---C~lKE""U~R ~L:B.A.~B ~ -:X-.A.~::a--- ey x c:: E"' X ::SLX>IE3' X~ x ..A.Y'3 :SX..:J.>'3 g£ The fol/awing produc1s have recently been received by THE RAINBOW, examined hy our staffand issued the Rainbow Seal of Cerrification, your assurance that we have seen the product and have ascertained that it is what it purports to be. P- X :BLX>.tei **-*Cc:u•c:l!'..U'X-~~ :t:> ii'. S.K*'** :E»X..;SA.$.B .A.VOX:P :X- :R.A.Y'3 A•E;Jt ><.A.0-:lit°;JS"J;' X C:: E"' i: :BL:DE:ll ***CC>:M:li>U--X-,:e;:R PL:B~~:B A::N"X> AV01~ lMC.A..Ol>:JIT:S:-r X ·C:: ---C~XP'U~:B~ ~~~..A.~:B A~::c> A~~X~ :N.A.~~TXC Kcira11 Kenny's interests lie mainly with the Color Computer's graphics and math capabilities.Bur in his own words. "I like to 1ryeverything." Hemaybeco111actedat 111 5 Milson Road, Cremorne, NSW.Australia 2090. .-------------------------------. * :.M;.A.o...-:s-:r X c; rive imact. Consider saving your permie>. folks .] ~ :itc:itc :itcC~:M:JE""U-:X-:B~ -i- ..A.:J?:B>!IC :itc JP:C..:B.A.S:B .A. V "C> XX> ::X:-:R.A. YllB .A.:Jlr.C> people al.•n wrap aluminum foil around disks and tapes before packing them. Based on the number ofdisks and rapes we receive daily, our experience shows this has linle effect 011 whether or nor the martria/s ar- T..A.~:a-- ..A.~C>X~ ~.-:a-:r ~-R.A.Y~ oughly destroyed (I don ' t know how !he machine fared). Since labels aren ' t theendall for proicction, also exercise care when packing your tapes or disks - place stiff cardboard on bolh sides of a disk, and pack tapes in sponge rubber or corrugated cardboard. !Editor's Note: We've noticed some CCTools. a shareware windowing environment for the Coco 3 and OS-9 Level a. This environment integrates File, Disk and Utility Management with application launching capabilities. Requires a 5 l 2K CoCo 3. OS-9 Level D, Shell+ and at least I Meg of free disk storage. Micm80 Users :c> :J:. llal!CW<:'*'- ~-~AY~ P- J: :BL::c>.tei X>X~~-- ~-RA~S P-X:BL::c>~ Group. 598 River1on Ave. , Winnipeg, MB ta&CB R2L OP/, Canada; $15 U.S. or $18 Cdn. r~gistration fee , mone_v ence Words Set from the Forth-83 Standard. Also includes a complete Case Structure package, a complele String Operations package, and a Printer Control package. ~equires CF83 Forth and die Standard Required Words Set. BDS Software, P.O. Box 485, Gltnview, IL 60025-0485, (708) 998-1656; $20 with manual. $/0 with manual on disk; Canadiar orders add $3, all other foreign orders add $10: all funds U.S. lcon-Basic09 V 1.9a, the latest version of lcon-BasidJ9. a graphic user interface for BAStC09 under OS-9 Level U. (See Received & Cenified listing In the June 1992 issue.Page22.)HAWKSoft,P.0 .Box 7112 , £/gin,IL60121-7112 ,(708} 742-3084: $20. orders on/)'. The Listing: POSTCARE 1 'POST OFFICE TAKE CAREi 2 'BY KEIRAN KENNY 3 'COPYRIGHT (C ) 1992 4 'SY FlllSOFT, INC . 5 'RAINBOW HAGAZINE 111 POKE1511.18 '24811 baud 211 PRIN f# - 2,CHRSC27l:CHRS<l8l : CH RSC27l :CHRS( 14) ;CHRSC27l :CHRS ( Jl l: 'OMP-130 NLO, Elongated, Bold 39 CLS:PRINT@224."(0l!SK OR CTlA PE MAILER OR (E) NO" 40 KS-IN KEYS: IFKS<>"D"ANOKS<>"T" ANOKSO" E"THEN40 50 IFKS-"E"THEN120 60 l FKS-"T"THEN90 70 PRINTf · 2 : PR INTf - 2, "***COMPUTE R OISK*0 " :PRINT# - 2, "PLEASE /\VOi 0 X-RAYS":PRINT# - 2. "ANO HAGNETIC FI ELDS" 80 GOTOIBB 911 PRINTf - 2:PR INTf - 2, "***COMPUTE R TllPE*'"*" : PRINTf- 2,"PLEllSE AVOI 0 X·RAYS":PRIN T# - 2. "/\NO MAGNETIC FIELDS" 108 NR-NR+l : I FNR/2-1 NH NR/ 2 >THEN PRINT# - 2 118 GOT030 120 PRINT# · 2 ,CHRS(27) :CHRSC15l :C HRH 21): CH RSC 32): 'End Elongated , Bold STILL USING OS9GEN, COBBLER OR CONFIG? Now - create Boot Disks in 111ll.Ch. less time! EzGen vl.09: ll. 44 SECONDS! •1Df2mcAL opentions on ID!!NJJCA.L fragmented boot dlsk.s2 deletes and 1 Insert performed by both utilities! • 1'01' machine luicu-ie • Make muldple boot cllsks ID one -lo• • Edit ulrtlng boot files In place • P•lcb modules • Ch.age order or modulea In seconds easily • Load UrneJ rrom disk or mem KWIKGEN vl.01 OS9 Level I and Level u av.- assembler. Requires CF1!3 Forth and the Standard Required Words Set. BDS Software, P.O. Box 485, Glenview, ll 60015- 0485. (708) 998-1656; $22 with printed manual, $15 with manual on disk; Canadian orders add$3. all otherforeign orders add $10; al/funds U.S. CF83·8: Uncontrolled Reference Words Plus, a ponion of the Uncontrolled Refer- ltwoogh DELPHI FASTEST BOOTFILE EDITOR! The _Rainbow Seal of Certiftca!ion is open to all ltltJK/lfactutm of :prtldP.cts appbeable to~ Tlllfdy Color Compurer rf!8ardlas of wMtlu!ror not tlwu (Olff/Xlqie.r~ ill..THE IWNBOW. Bj> Qlllai'ding the.Seti/. w cenify theproilucl 9Jitswe have.a sample-r:ppy a.nd exaf!lioed it'. Hawe>1er, thl& does nor con.Srii!!!~~a(IJ guarantee. ofsatisfa~tion. As soon·a'l<'Pos. l·ibU:, the:re. prodll.Cl:r Will be /orwar#d ·tO re1•i"ewers fqr eyaJ,ualion. " ·' oot KWIKZAP vl.1 OS9 LH FILE EDITOR/ZAPPER KwikGen vl.01: 5 mins 40 secs. • Edlllng doue ID memor]' • Load boot from disk or memory Demos CF83-S:AssemblerExten ion Word Set, an extended set of mnemonics for the CF83 Send check or money onltr to: GALE FORCE ENTERPRISF.s P.O. Box U036, Stn. F, V-•.,., B.C, C-4a VSN 5L4 Checks: allow 4-41 weeks for delivery. Money orders processed immediately for KWIK deUvery! Phone: (604) 589-1660 Introductory Price: each $19.95 U.S. (+$4.00 shipping and handling) • Display updating Is Instantaneous • C.Onfigurable environment • Dynamic sector stack • Work on file or stack • Searching functions • Allows editing or nibbles or hllll bytes • Built-in help - easy to u.se • Selective verify command • Runs with l28K • 100% machine language AWESOME FILE EDITOR FOR YOUR CoCo !II THE RAINBOW Cl Payment Enclosed, or 0 :J VISA Charge to: 0 MasterCard Q American Express Account Number - - - - - - -- - - - - -Zip _ _ _ _ _ __ :J The Rainbow Book of SfmulaUons (lirsI} :J Rainbow Simulatlons Tape ( first~ :J Flrst Slmulatlons Package '.JThe Second Rainbow Book of Slmulallons -I second Rainbow Simulations Tape .J Second Rainbow Simulations Dlsk J Second Slmulations Package with Tape :i Second Slmulations Package with Disk J The Complete Reinbow Gulde to OS-9 Cl Rainbow Guk:le to OS-9 Disk Set (2 disks) ::I Rainbow Gulde to OS-9 Package 8 The Windows & Appllcetlons Disk for The Comolete Rainbow Gulde to OS-9 Level 11. Vol. I .9:95s 3.50 - $feSS $ 3.50 - $).9lltf $ 600 - $_.HS"$ 4.95 - $~ $ 4.95 _ _ $l6'.!!5 $ 4.95 - $JM"O $ B.95 $~ $ B.95 $ $19:9( 512.95 === ~$1U5 _ _ ~$29.95 _ _ $19.95 - - .J The Rainbow Book of Adventures (first) $~$ :I Rainbow Adventures Tape (first) O First Adventure Package $ 2-00 _ _ :r.g( $ 2-00 - - $~ $ 3.50 _ _ 0 The Second Rainbow Book of Adventures $~$ 6.95 _ _ OSaoond Rainbow AdverituresTapa $~$ 6.95 _ _ o Second Adventur& Package ~$11.95 __ Card Exp. Date _ _ Signature - - - - - -- -.JThe Third Rainbow Book of Adventures -1Thlni Adventures Tape -'ThiniAoventures Disk Se< (2 d~ks) -'Thiro Adventure Package with Tape JTh1rd Aaventure Package with Disk UThe Founh Rainbow Sook of Adventures OFounh Adventures Tape OFounh Adventures Disk CJ Fourth Adventure Package with Tape ~5 $ 6.95 s--rl5 $ 6.95 _ _ Sl4'.f5 $ 7.95 _ _ ~ $11 .95 $26:"9o $12 .95 $.J.e:9s S 7.95 _ _ s--rls s 6.95 _ _ $.M'=95 $11 .95 _ _ S201i:i OFourth Adventure Package with Disk ~ i.J A Full Turn of the Screw U lntroductory Gulde to Statistics ~5 LlGuide to Statistics Tape or Disk (indicate choice) ~5 CJGuide to Statistics Package (lrcllcate choice of tape or disk) Add $2 par book Shipping and Handl ng ln U.S. $1-2'.00 $i3.90 _ _ $18.90 _ _ $19.95 _ _ $ 2.95 _ _ $ 2.95 _ _ $ 4.95 _ _ OLnslde U.S •• add $4 per book Kentucky residents add 6% sales iax C;;inadiiln residonts add 7°.4. GST (Allow 6 to 8 weeks tor delivery) Total Mall to: Rainbow Bookshelf, The Felsott Building, P-0. Box385, Prospect, KY 40059. To order by phone (credit card orders only) call (800) 847-0309, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST. For other Inquiries call (502) 228-4492. Please note: The tapes and disks offered by The Rambow Bookshelf are notstancf.alone products. That lt, they are intended to be an adjunct and complement to the books_ Even Wyou buy the tape or disk, you will still need the appropnale book for loading and operating lnslnJCtlons OS-9 is a registered ltademark of !he Mic:roware Sys le ms Corporation. August 1992 TH E RAINBOW 27 ••••••••••••••••••••lllllllmmma.~~~~m~i~~::r~~r: I I Thccritiawillbc nvingabout thlsstratcgygame! Based on an originalconcept byauthorTcffSleidd, Photon is an .addictive time-muncher in I.he spirit of Ummingsn and TetrU™. Match wits with Ludevide, the evil powcrdroid,asyou reason yourwaythrough over60 devious levels. The numerou.s original musicscores.d.ipjtil.edspeechand.5DundeffecU1 andpleuinganimationandgraphia cnrich Photon to make it :1n unparalleled pming experience. Soon to be rclca.sed on a variety ofcomputer platforms, the CoCo Community is lucky enough lo be gi~n 6rsl glance at this fantastk game! Req. 12.Sk CoCo-3, d'8k drive, and jo)"tick. ••nh••••'n••n•hmh O Oom-· $34.95 ! , ',',,',', •••m•m•h hO ,•, , ., 500/o OFF! Advertisers Index Burke & BUJlie----···-·-----···--·--·-··-·-· '27 .1WT~scs ..:.....:..................... 11 ........................................ 11 Owl-Ware ,......................................... 7 .,..... - .............................. 23 Rainbow Back .tssUet.,••._............:..••t 8 "·~'k:: BC Raillbow BooJi;Shelf .........................;26 Rainbow SubscriJJtWn ...,.................. 14 Ctr~ Ce~ ........... . . . . . . . . ·9(\V~.HBli; Inc. ........_, .......:......... ,.. 9 ~ - -~:.•;_, ...................................._..21 ltaillb!lw on TllPCIDI* ..........,......... 13 Sebtsrian l..aSJ)itla,••1..., ...... . ............. 19 BVl!r$!lft Games, Ltd .........,..........,..... 3 left~ ~~.........._,,,,!:·-. ·········--··· · -·~····· 3 -~Systems ..... ~ ........- ................ 17 ~~"·"·-·-- ..........'....,.... _5 Gale Rm:c Eotcrprille8 ·- - ················ 2' ~s~.:........- .........-........21 .. GnmitiD COmpuietS~ .............. 19 Hawk&Oft .......................................... 27 Sundog Sy.item.,, is Wowing oMhelcctcd bKk'"5tocksoftwatt, and you can now take advantage oftbcsc bargains lo completeyuur Sundogcolleclion! Pura limiled lime; you canbuymmeof lbebestCoCo games at 50% offrd<rilpri«!rn.JI alf f2ctory-new gamesoflwm ...you'll n<Ver !ind• better deal! Paladin's kgacy reg. $24.95 Hall of the King 1, 2, or 3 reg. $29.95 Kung-Fu Dude reg. $24.95 White Fire of Eternity reg. $19.95 Drogon Blade reg. Sl9.95 Champion reg. $19.95 o cau: """' $12.451 """' $14.951 nl1W$12.451 now$9.951 rrow$9.951 now$9.951 Kim lewis Advertising Representative [@ Ca ll: Belinda Kirby Advertising Representative The Falson Building 9509 U.S. Highway 4Z, P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY 40059 (502) 228-4492 • FAX (502) 228-5121 We appreciate your mentioning THE RAINBOW when you contact these advertisers. JBdJlPije l£ JBvlPije P.O. Box 733 Maple Valley, WA 98038 U.S. ORDER DESK : (800) 237-2409 I NT'L & TECHNICAL · (206) 432-1814 con Basic09 The next programming language for OS-91 Icon Baslc09 is a graphical user interface (GUI) to Basic09, which will make programming easier than avert Icon Basic09 takes an Innovative approach by using graphic representations, or icons, to represent statements and keywords for writing Basic09 programs and procedures. Instead of constantly typing while writing a program, the user can simply point & click to choose the desired statement! Icon Basic09 can also be very useful in studying procedures and programs written by others to learn how they operate. The package contains a full set of icons... or, you may edit or create icons using the included icon editor. Icon Basic09 requires a CoCo-3 with at least 256k, mouse or joystick, and OS-9 Iv 2. $20 Dual hi-res joptlck adapter (RS/Colorware) HI & Lo-res joptlck adapter HAWKsoft keJboard extension cable Domination (' Risk"-like wargamell MJDOS full-featured DOS extension $40 $27 $25 $18 $ 15 Elgin, IL 60121-7112 (708} 7 42-3084 eves & ends US and CON S&H always included. Terms: MO, check, or COD. RUN OS9 LEVEL 2 VIS/BLY FASTER - GET A $29.95 POWERBOOST FROM BURKE & BURKE! You can """ the difference in 0$9 L.ewl 2 when you inst.all the PowerBoost kit from Burke & Burke . It includes the amazing Hitachi HD63809E microprocessor, a 1003 compatible higi>-peiformance replacement for yolD' CoCo 3' MC68809E. Using the HD63B09E'1 added reai11era and bigh-1pe41d imtructi.on set, block moves and other functions are up to 1z as rut! The PowerBoolt kit includes BID'ke & Burl<e's PowerBoott software , which modifies your 0$9 L.evel 2 operating system for futer multi-taalW>B, Jl"'Phica, and dick l/O whoo ..ing the HD63B09E. SOL.DERINO IS REQUIRED TO INSTALL. THE HD6JB09E. PowerBoost(H063809Ew/ So/lw1=1brOS9) $299.S The 6309 Book by Chris Burke. Thia book describes the inotruction tet or the HD63B09E microprocessor, and gives ....mbly language enmples that help you de~t the higi>-perfonnance pro<:MSOr and take advantage of ito capabiliti.. in your progn.ms. h:ciudes disk with 0$9 Assembler I Disusembler I Debuner patches for HD63B09E. REQUIRED 'ASM' ASSEMBLER , 'DEBUG' DEBUOOER. AND HD63809E MICROPROCESSOR NOT INCLUDED. T/Je6.J09 Book (Includes disk i+it.ltdew.Jopmeat too.ls for0S9) .f.?4. .9..f 'ffVllLO GY.A£5'CHESS' -- Use Gyros C/Jess 1+'/Level 2 rlLESYSTEMllEPACK 1. J -- Ft1sterdisi:defmgmenter .R. S. B. ' - OiskBAS!CforLe•Pl.?(BASJC.llOMr<yuired). EZOEN1. 09 - H1tndy<ltpowerlill OS9/JootJ'ileedilor ZCLOCK - Continuous rime / dnre disp111y on Ler't'l.2 sr:ree.n COCV XT - Use PC1J1url dtive Jtf CoCo / OS9 .SIWind (Add$.J0forlleal-Time aock. Add$20fornvro-boot ROM) ,f29.95 $29.95 ,f39.95 $.19.9S $.<J.95 .f69. .9S WA RESIDENTS ADD 8.23 SAL.ES TAX . Mme!Card & VISA """"P"'d. U.S. COD'sadd $3 .75 . Min. U.S. shipping $1 .00 . Min. to Canada $!! .00. Plea.. >.!low 2 weeks for delivery. Overnight or 2nd- day available for in-stock items. Software upgrades $5 .00 eoch w/receipt, including U.S. thipping . Call or write for a free catalog of more exciting Color Computer products! Tandy 2500 SX/25 HD $1099.00 Tandy 4825 SX/25 HD $1739 Color Computer Disk Drive Drive O $239 Drive 1 $149 DMP-136 $1~~· BIG SAVINGS TandyFax 1500 $539* ON A FULL COMPLEMENT OF RADIO SHACK COMPUTER PRODUCTS COMPUTERS Tandy 1000 RLX HD with VGM-220 Tandy 1110HD1Drive640K Tandy 1800 HD 1 Drive 1 Meg RAM Tandy 1000 RL HD with CM11 Tandy 1100 FD 1 Drive 640K PRINTERS TandyDMP-136213CPS Tandy DMP-302 270 CPS Tandy DMP-202180 CPS TandyDMP-442300CPS Tandy LP-950 Laser Printer Tandy DMP-240192 CPS8 color Panasonic KXP 1180 192 CPS Panasonic KXP 1123 24 Wirehead Panasonic KXP 1124 i300 CPS Okidata 320 300 CPS Okidata 380 180 CPS 24 Wire HD OKI Laser 400 4PPM MODEMS Tandy DCM-6 Tandy DCM-7 Cardinal 1200 Baud External Cardinal 2400 Baud External 839 .00 929 .00 • 929 .00 • 569.00. 469.00 • 199.00 469.00 299.00 539.00 1299.00 399.00 189.00 259.00 329.00 369.00 239.00 679.00 • • • COLOR COMPUTER MISC. Tandy Drive Controller Extended Basic Rom Kit (28 pin) 64K Ram Upgrade Kit (2 or 8 chip) Tandy Deluxe Keyboard Kit HI-RES Joystick Interface Color Computer Deluxe Mouse Multi Pak Pal Chip for COCO 3 COC03 Service Manual Serial to Parallel Converter Tandy Deluxe Joystick Magnavox 8135 RGB Monitor Magnavox Green or Amber Monitor Coco 3 Gime Chip Tandy Pistol Grip Joystick PBJ OK COCO 3 Upgrade Board PBJ 512K COCO 3 Upgrade Tandy OK COCO 3 Upgrade Board Tandy 5 12K coco 3 Upgrade 89.00. 19.95 39.00 24.95 8.95 44.00 14.95 29.95 59.95 19.95 299.00 99.00 29.95 26.95 29.95 89.00 39.95 99.00. COLOR COMPUTER SOFTWARE TAPE The Wild West (COCO 3) Worlds of Flight 34.95 Mustang P-51 Flight Simul. 34.95 Flight 16 Flight Simul. 34.95 DISK 25.95 34.95 34.95 34.95 • 52.00 85.00 99.00 129.00 Tandy Educatioal Software Spinnaker Software Max 1Oby Colorware AutoTerm by PXE Computing 29.95 TW-80 by Spectrum (COCO 3) TeleWriter 64 49.95 TeleWriter 128 Elite Word 80 Elite Cale 3.0 Coco 3 512K Super Ram Disk Home Publishing by Tandy (Coco 3) Sub Battle Sim. by Epyx (Coco 3) Thexderby Sierra (Coco 3) Kings Quest Ill by Sierra (Coco 3) Flight Sim. II by Sublogic (Coco 3) OS-9 Level 11 by Tandy OS-9 Development System Multi-View by Tandy VIP Writer (disk only) VIP Integrated Library (disk} 2.00 2.00 79.95 39.95 39.95 59.95 79.95 79.95 69.95 19.95 35.95 26.95 22.45 31.45 31.45 71 .95 89.95 44.95 69.95 149.95 Prices are subject lo change wtthout nolloe. Plea9e call for shipping charges. Prices In our ratall slon! may be nigher. Send for complete catlllog. 'Sale prices lhrougn 8-10-92 CALL TOLL FREE 1-800-343-8124 • LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES • BEST POSSIBLE WARRANTY • KNOWLEDGEABLE SALES STAFF •TIMELY DELIVERY •SHOPPING CONVENIENCE == I E~q~,.3 Tandy is a reglslered lrademark ot Tandy Corp. P. 0. Box 1094 480 King Street Littleton, MA 01460 IN MASSACHUSETIS CALL (508) 486 3193 us SINCE 1973