Download R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110 User Manual

R&S®FS-Z60/75/90/110
Harmonic Mixers
User Manual
User Manual
Test and Measurement
1048.0242.02 – 01
®
The User Manual describes the following R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110 models:
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R&S
R&S
R&S
R&S
FS-Z60 (40 GHz to 60 GHz)
FS-Z75 (50 GHz to 75 GHz)
FS-Z90 (60 GHz to 90 GHz)
FS-Z110 (75 GHz to 110 GHz)
1089.0799.02
1048.0271.02
1048.0371.02
1048.0471.02
© 2013 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
81671 Munich, Germany
Printed in Germany – Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual:
R&S®FS-Zxx is abbreviated as R&S FS-Zxx.
Basic Safety Instructions
Always read through and comply with the following safety instructions!
All plants and locations of the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies make every effort to keep the safety
standards of our products up to date and to offer our customers the highest possible degree of safety. Our
products and the auxiliary equipment they require are designed, built and tested in accordance with the
safety standards that apply in each case. Compliance with these standards is continuously monitored by
our quality assurance system. The product described here has been designed, built and tested in
accordance with the EC Certificate of Conformity and has left the manufacturer’s plant in a condition fully
complying with safety standards. To maintain this condition and to ensure safe operation, you must
observe all instructions and warnings provided in this manual. If you have any questions regarding these
safety instructions, the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies will be happy to answer them.
Furthermore, it is your responsibility to use the product in an appropriate manner. This product is designed
for use solely in industrial and laboratory environments or, if expressly permitted, also in the field and must
not be used in any way that may cause personal injury or property damage. You are responsible if the
product is used for any purpose other than its designated purpose or in disregard of the manufacturer's
instructions. The manufacturer shall assume no responsibility for such use of the product.
The product is used for its designated purpose if it is used in accordance with its product documentation
and within its performance limits (see data sheet, documentation, the following safety instructions). Using
the product requires technical skills and, in some cases, a basic knowledge of English. It is therefore
essential that only skilled and specialized staff or thoroughly trained personnel with the required skills be
allowed to use the product. If personal safety gear is required for using Rohde & Schwarz products, this
will be indicated at the appropriate place in the product documentation. Keep the basic safety instructions
and the product documentation in a safe place and pass them on to the subsequent users.
Observing the safety instructions will help prevent personal injury or damage of any kind caused by
dangerous situations. Therefore, carefully read through and adhere to the following safety instructions
before and when using the product. It is also absolutely essential to observe the additional safety
instructions on personal safety, for example, that appear in relevant parts of the product documentation. In
these safety instructions, the word "product" refers to all merchandise sold and distributed by the Rohde &
Schwarz group of companies, including instruments, systems and all accessories. For product-specific
information, see the data sheet and the product documentation.
Safety labels on products
The following safety labels are used on products to warn against risks and dangers.
Symbol
Meaning
Notice, general danger location
Symbol
Meaning
ON/OFF supply voltage
Observe product documentation
Caution when handling heavy equipment
Standby indication
Danger of electric shock
Direct current (DC)
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Basic Safety Instructions
Symbol
Meaning
Symbol
Meaning
Warning! Hot surface
Alternating current (AC)
Protective conductor terminal
Direct/alternating current (DC/AC)
Ground
Device fully protected by double (reinforced)
insulation
Ground terminal
EU labeling for batteries and accumulators
For additional information, see section "Waste
disposal/Environmental protection", item 1.
Be careful when handling electrostatic sensitive
devices
EU labeling for separate collection of electrical
and electronic devices
For additonal information, see section "Waste
disposal/Environmental protection", item 2.
Warning! Laser radiation
For additional information, see section
"Operation", item 7.
Signal words and their meaning
The following signal words are used in the product documentation in order to warn the reader about risks
and dangers.
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or
serious injury.
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or
serious injury.
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or
moderate injury.
Indicates information considered important, but not hazard-related, e.g.
messages relating to property damage.
In the product documentation, the word ATTENTION is used synonymously.
These signal words are in accordance with the standard definition for civil applications in the European
Economic Area. Definitions that deviate from the standard definition may also exist in other economic
areas or military applications. It is therefore essential to make sure that the signal words described here
are always used only in connection with the related product documentation and the related product. The
use of signal words in connection with unrelated products or documentation can result in misinterpretation
and in personal injury or material damage.
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Basic Safety Instructions
Operating states and operating positions
The product may be operated only under the operating conditions and in the positions specified by the
manufacturer, without the product's ventilation being obstructed. If the manufacturer's specifications are
not observed, this can result in electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or death. Applicable local
or national safety regulations and rules for the prevention of accidents must be observed in all work
performed.
1. Unless otherwise specified, the following requirements apply to Rohde & Schwarz products:
predefined operating position is always with the housing floor facing down, IP protection 2X, use only
indoors, max. operating altitude 2000 m above sea level, max. transport altitude 4500 m above sea
level. A tolerance of ±10 % shall apply to the nominal voltage and ±5 % to the nominal frequency,
overvoltage category 2, pollution severity 2.
2. Do not place the product on surfaces, vehicles, cabinets or tables that for reasons of weight or stability
are unsuitable for this purpose. Always follow the manufacturer's installation instructions when
installing the product and fastening it to objects or structures (e.g. walls and shelves). An installation
that is not carried out as described in the product documentation could result in personal injury or
even death.
3. Do not place the product on heat-generating devices such as radiators or fan heaters. The ambient
temperature must not exceed the maximum temperature specified in the product documentation or in
the data sheet. Product overheating can cause electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or
even death.
Electrical safety
If the information on electrical safety is not observed either at all or to the extent necessary, electric shock,
fire and/or serious personal injury or death may occur.
1. Prior to switching on the product, always ensure that the nominal voltage setting on the product
matches the nominal voltage of the AC supply network. If a different voltage is to be set, the power
fuse of the product may have to be changed accordingly.
2. In the case of products of safety class I with movable power cord and connector, operation is
permitted only on sockets with a protective conductor contact and protective conductor.
3. Intentionally breaking the protective conductor either in the feed line or in the product itself is not
permitted. Doing so can result in the danger of an electric shock from the product. If extension cords
or connector strips are implemented, they must be checked on a regular basis to ensure that they are
safe to use.
4. If there is no power switch for disconnecting the product from the AC supply network, or if the power
switch is not suitable for this purpose, use the plug of the connecting cable to disconnect the product
from the AC supply network. In such cases, always ensure that the power plug is easily reachable and
accessible at all times. For example, if the power plug is the disconnecting device, the length of the
connecting cable must not exceed 3 m. Functional or electronic switches are not suitable for providing
disconnection from the AC supply network. If products without power switches are integrated into
racks or systems, the disconnecting device must be provided at the system level.
5. Never use the product if the power cable is damaged. Check the power cables on a regular basis to
ensure that they are in proper operating condition. By taking appropriate safety measures and
carefully laying the power cable, ensure that the cable cannot be damaged and that no one can be
hurt by, for example, tripping over the cable or suffering an electric shock.
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Basic Safety Instructions
6. The product may be operated only from TN/TT supply networks fuse-protected with max. 16 A (higher
fuse only after consulting with the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies).
7. Do not insert the plug into sockets that are dusty or dirty. Insert the plug firmly and all the way into the
socket provided for this purpose. Otherwise, sparks that result in fire and/or injuries may occur.
8. Do not overload any sockets, extension cords or connector strips; doing so can cause fire or electric
shocks.
9. For measurements in circuits with voltages Vrms > 30 V, suitable measures (e.g. appropriate
measuring equipment, fuse protection, current limiting, electrical separation, insulation) should be
taken to avoid any hazards.
10. Ensure that the connections with information technology equipment, e.g. PCs or other industrial
computers, comply with the IEC60950-1/EN60950-1 or IEC61010-1/EN 61010-1 standards that apply
in each case.
11. Unless expressly permitted, never remove the cover or any part of the housing while the product is in
operation. Doing so will expose circuits and components and can lead to injuries, fire or damage to the
product.
12. If a product is to be permanently installed, the connection between the protective conductor terminal
on site and the product's protective conductor must be made first before any other connection is
made. The product may be installed and connected only by a licensed electrician.
13. For permanently installed equipment without built-in fuses, circuit breakers or similar protective
devices, the supply circuit must be fuse-protected in such a way that anyone who has access to the
product, as well as the product itself, is adequately protected from injury or damage.
14. Use suitable overvoltage protection to ensure that no overvoltage (such as that caused by a bolt of
lightning) can reach the product. Otherwise, the person operating the product will be exposed to the
danger of an electric shock.
15. Any object that is not designed to be placed in the openings of the housing must not be used for this
purpose. Doing so can cause short circuits inside the product and/or electric shocks, fire or injuries.
16. Unless specified otherwise, products are not liquid-proof (see also section "Operating states and
operating positions", item 1). Therefore, the equipment must be protected against penetration by
liquids. If the necessary precautions are not taken, the user may suffer electric shock or the product
itself may be damaged, which can also lead to personal injury.
17. Never use the product under conditions in which condensation has formed or can form in or on the
product, e.g. if the product has been moved from a cold to a warm environment. Penetration by water
increases the risk of electric shock.
18. Prior to cleaning the product, disconnect it completely from the power supply (e.g. AC supply network
or battery). Use a soft, non-linting cloth to clean the product. Never use chemical cleaning agents such
as alcohol, acetone or diluents for cellulose lacquers.
Operation
1. Operating the products requires special training and intense concentration. Make sure that persons
who use the products are physically, mentally and emotionally fit enough to do so; otherwise, injuries
or material damage may occur. It is the responsibility of the employer/operator to select suitable
personnel for operating the products.
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Basic Safety Instructions
2. Before you move or transport the product, read and observe the section titled "Transport".
3. As with all industrially manufactured goods, the use of substances that induce an allergic reaction
(allergens) such as nickel cannot be generally excluded. If you develop an allergic reaction (such as a
skin rash, frequent sneezing, red eyes or respiratory difficulties) when using a Rohde & Schwarz
product, consult a physician immediately to determine the cause and to prevent health problems or
stress.
4. Before you start processing the product mechanically and/or thermally, or before you take it apart, be
sure to read and pay special attention to the section titled "Waste disposal/Environmental protection",
item 1.
5. Depending on the function, certain products such as RF radio equipment can produce an elevated
level of electromagnetic radiation. Considering that unborn babies require increased protection,
pregnant women must be protected by appropriate measures. Persons with pacemakers may also be
exposed to risks from electromagnetic radiation. The employer/operator must evaluate workplaces
where there is a special risk of exposure to radiation and, if necessary, take measures to avert the
potential danger.
6. Should a fire occur, the product may release hazardous substances (gases, fluids, etc.) that can
cause health problems. Therefore, suitable measures must be taken, e.g. protective masks and
protective clothing must be worn.
7. Laser products are given warning labels that are standardized according to their laser class. Lasers
can cause biological harm due to the properties of their radiation and due to their extremely
concentrated electromagnetic power. If a laser product (e.g. a CD/DVD drive) is integrated into a
Rohde & Schwarz product, absolutely no other settings or functions may be used as described in the
product documentation. The objective is to prevent personal injury (e.g. due to laser beams).
8. EMC classes (in line with EN 55011/CISPR 11, and analogously with EN 55022/CISPR 22,
EN 55032/CISPR 32)
Class A equipment:
Equipment suitable for use in all environments except residential environments and environments
that are directly connected to a low-voltage supply network that supplies residential buildings
Note: Class A equipment is intended for use in an industrial environment. This equipment may
cause radio disturbances in residential environments, due to possible conducted as well as
radiated disturbances. In this case, the operator may be required to take appropriate measures to
eliminate these disturbances.
Class B equipment:
Equipment suitable for use in residential environments and environments that are directly
connected to a low-voltage supply network that supplies residential buildings
Repair and service
1. The product may be opened only by authorized, specially trained personnel. Before any work is
performed on the product or before the product is opened, it must be disconnected from the AC supply
network. Otherwise, personnel will be exposed to the risk of an electric shock.
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Basic Safety Instructions
2. Adjustments, replacement of parts, maintenance and repair may be performed only by electrical
experts authorized by Rohde & Schwarz. Only original parts may be used for replacing parts relevant
to safety (e.g. power switches, power transformers, fuses). A safety test must always be performed
after parts relevant to safety have been replaced (visual inspection, protective conductor test,
insulation resistance measurement, leakage current measurement, functional test). This helps ensure
the continued safety of the product.
Batteries and rechargeable batteries/cells
If the information regarding batteries and rechargeable batteries/cells is not observed either at all or to the
extent necessary, product users may be exposed to the risk of explosions, fire and/or serious personal
injury, and, in some cases, death. Batteries and rechargeable batteries with alkaline electrolytes (e.g.
lithium cells) must be handled in accordance with the EN 62133 standard.
1. Cells must not be taken apart or crushed.
2. Cells or batteries must not be exposed to heat or fire. Storage in direct sunlight must be avoided.
Keep cells and batteries clean and dry. Clean soiled connectors using a dry, clean cloth.
3. Cells or batteries must not be short-circuited. Cells or batteries must not be stored in a box or in a
drawer where they can short-circuit each other, or where they can be short-circuited by other
conductive materials. Cells and batteries must not be removed from their original packaging until they
are ready to be used.
4. Cells and batteries must not be exposed to any mechanical shocks that are stronger than permitted.
5. If a cell develops a leak, the fluid must not be allowed to come into contact with the skin or eyes. If
contact occurs, wash the affected area with plenty of water and seek medical aid.
6. Improperly replacing or charging cells or batteries that contain alkaline electrolytes (e.g. lithium cells)
can cause explosions. Replace cells or batteries only with the matching Rohde & Schwarz type (see
parts list) in order to ensure the safety of the product.
7. Cells and batteries must be recycled and kept separate from residual waste. Rechargeable batteries
and normal batteries that contain lead, mercury or cadmium are hazardous waste. Observe the
national regulations regarding waste disposal and recycling.
Transport
1. The product may be very heavy. Therefore, the product must be handled with care. In some cases,
the user may require a suitable means of lifting or moving the product (e.g. with a lift-truck) to avoid
back or other physical injuries.
2. Handles on the products are designed exclusively to enable personnel to transport the product. It is
therefore not permissible to use handles to fasten the product to or on transport equipment such as
cranes, fork lifts, wagons, etc. The user is responsible for securely fastening the products to or on the
means of transport or lifting. Observe the safety regulations of the manufacturer of the means of
transport or lifting. Noncompliance can result in personal injury or material damage.
3. If you use the product in a vehicle, it is the sole responsibility of the driver to drive the vehicle safely
and properly. The manufacturer assumes no responsibility for accidents or collisions. Never use the
product in a moving vehicle if doing so could distract the driver of the vehicle. Adequately secure the
product in the vehicle to prevent injuries or other damage in the event of an accident.
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Instrucciones de seguridad elementales
Waste disposal/Environmental protection
1. Specially marked equipment has a battery or accumulator that must not be disposed of with unsorted
municipal waste, but must be collected separately. It may only be disposed of at a suitable collection
point or via a Rohde & Schwarz customer service center.
2. Waste electrical and electronic equipment must not be disposed of with unsorted municipal waste, but
must be collected separately.
Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG has developed a disposal concept and takes full responsibility for
take-back obligations and disposal obligations for manufacturers within the EU. Contact your
Rohde & Schwarz customer service center for environmentally responsible disposal of the product.
3. If products or their components are mechanically and/or thermally processed in a manner that goes
beyond their intended use, hazardous substances (heavy-metal dust such as lead, beryllium, nickel)
may be released. For this reason, the product may only be disassembled by specially trained
personnel. Improper disassembly may be hazardous to your health. National waste disposal
regulations must be observed.
4. If handling the product releases hazardous substances or fuels that must be disposed of in a special
way, e.g. coolants or engine oils that must be replenished regularly, the safety instructions of the
manufacturer of the hazardous substances or fuels and the applicable regional waste disposal
regulations must be observed. Also observe the relevant safety instructions in the product
documentation. The improper disposal of hazardous substances or fuels can cause health problems
and lead to environmental damage.
For additional information about environmental protection, visit the Rohde & Schwarz website.
Instrucciones de seguridad elementales
¡Es imprescindible leer y cumplir las siguientes instrucciones e informaciones de seguridad!
El principio del grupo de empresas Rohde & Schwarz consiste en tener nuestros productos siempre al día
con los estándares de seguridad y de ofrecer a nuestros clientes el máximo grado de seguridad. Nuestros
productos y todos los equipos adicionales son siempre fabricados y examinados según las normas de
seguridad vigentes. Nuestro sistema de garantía de calidad controla constantemente que sean cumplidas
estas normas. El presente producto ha sido fabricado y examinado según el certificado de conformidad
de la UE y ha salido de nuestra planta en estado impecable según los estándares técnicos de seguridad.
Para poder preservar este estado y garantizar un funcionamiento libre de peligros, el usuario deberá
atenerse a todas las indicaciones, informaciones de seguridad y notas de alerta. El grupo de empresas
Rohde & Schwarz está siempre a su disposición en caso de que tengan preguntas referentes a estas
informaciones de seguridad.
Además queda en la responsabilidad del usuario utilizar el producto en la forma debida. Este producto
está destinado exclusivamente al uso en la industria y el laboratorio o, si ha sido expresamente
autorizado, para aplicaciones de campo y de ninguna manera deberá ser utilizado de modo que alguna
persona/cosa pueda sufrir daño. El uso del producto fuera de sus fines definidos o sin tener en cuenta las
instrucciones del fabricante queda en la responsabilidad del usuario. El fabricante no se hace en ninguna
forma responsable de consecuencias a causa del mal uso del producto.
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Instrucciones de seguridad elementales
Se parte del uso correcto del producto para los fines definidos si el producto es utilizado conforme a las
indicaciones de la correspondiente documentación del producto y dentro del margen de rendimiento
definido (ver hoja de datos, documentación, informaciones de seguridad que siguen). El uso del producto
hace necesarios conocimientos técnicos y ciertos conocimientos del idioma inglés. Por eso se debe tener
en cuenta que el producto solo pueda ser operado por personal especializado o personas instruidas en
profundidad con las capacidades correspondientes. Si fuera necesaria indumentaria de seguridad para el
uso de productos de Rohde & Schwarz, encontraría la información debida en la documentación del
producto en el capítulo correspondiente. Guarde bien las informaciones de seguridad elementales, así
como la documentación del producto, y entréguelas a usuarios posteriores.
Tener en cuenta las informaciones de seguridad sirve para evitar en lo posible lesiones o daños por
peligros de toda clase. Por eso es imprescindible leer detalladamente y comprender por completo las
siguientes informaciones de seguridad antes de usar el producto, y respetarlas durante el uso del
producto. Deberán tenerse en cuenta todas las demás informaciones de seguridad, como p. ej. las
referentes a la protección de personas, que encontrarán en el capítulo correspondiente de la
documentación del producto y que también son de obligado cumplimiento. En las presentes
informaciones de seguridad se recogen todos los objetos que distribuye el grupo de empresas
Rohde & Schwarz bajo la denominación de "producto", entre ellos también aparatos, instalaciones así
como toda clase de accesorios. Los datos específicos del producto figuran en la hoja de datos y en la
documentación del producto.
Señalización de seguridad de los productos
Las siguientes señales de seguridad se utilizan en los productos para advertir sobre riesgos y peligros.
Símbolo
Significado
Aviso: punto de peligro general
Observar la documentación del producto
Símbolo
Significado
Tensión de alimentación de PUESTA EN
MARCHA / PARADA
Atención en el manejo de dispositivos de peso
elevado
Indicación de estado de espera (standby)
Peligro de choque eléctrico
Corriente continua (DC)
Advertencia: superficie caliente
Corriente alterna (AC)
Conexión a conductor de protección
Corriente continua / Corriente alterna (DC/AC)
Conexión a tierra
El aparato está protegido en su totalidad por un
aislamiento doble (reforzado)
Conexión a masa
Distintivo de la UE para baterías y
acumuladores
Más información en la sección
"Eliminación/protección del medio ambiente",
punto 1.
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Instrucciones de seguridad elementales
Símbolo
Significado
Símbolo
Aviso: Cuidado en el manejo de dispositivos
sensibles a la electrostática (ESD)
Significado
Distintivo de la UE para la eliminación por
separado de dispositivos eléctricos y
electrónicos
Más información en la sección
"Eliminación/protección del medio ambiente",
punto 2.
Advertencia: rayo láser
Más información en la sección
"Funcionamiento", punto 7.
Palabras de señal y su significado
En la documentación del producto se utilizan las siguientes palabras de señal con el fin de advertir contra
riesgos y peligros.
Indica una situación de peligro que, si no se evita, causa lesiones
graves o incluso la muerte.
Indica una situación de peligro que, si no se evita, puede causar
lesiones graves o incluso la muerte.
Indica una situación de peligro que, si no se evita, puede causar
lesiones leves o moderadas.
Indica información que se considera importante, pero no en relación
con situaciones de peligro; p. ej., avisos sobre posibles daños
materiales.
En la documentación del producto se emplea de forma sinónima el
término CUIDADO.
Las palabras de señal corresponden a la definición habitual para aplicaciones civiles en el área
económica europea. Pueden existir definiciones diferentes a esta definición en otras áreas económicas o
en aplicaciones militares. Por eso se deberá tener en cuenta que las palabras de señal aquí descritas
sean utilizadas siempre solamente en combinación con la correspondiente documentación del producto y
solamente en combinación con el producto correspondiente. La utilización de las palabras de señal en
combinación con productos o documentaciones que no les correspondan puede llevar a interpretaciones
equivocadas y tener por consecuencia daños en personas u objetos.
Estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento
El producto solamente debe ser utilizado según lo indicado por el fabricante respecto a los estados
operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento sin que se obstruya la ventilación. Si no se siguen las
indicaciones del fabricante, pueden producirse choques eléctricos, incendios y/o lesiones graves con
posible consecuencia de muerte. En todos los trabajos deberán ser tenidas en cuenta las normas
nacionales y locales de seguridad del trabajo y de prevención de accidentes.
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Instrucciones de seguridad elementales
1. Si no se convino de otra manera, es para los productos Rohde & Schwarz válido lo que sigue:
como posición de funcionamiento se define por principio la posición con el suelo de la caja para
abajo, modo de protección IP 2X, uso solamente en estancias interiores, utilización hasta 2000 m
sobre el nivel del mar, transporte hasta 4500 m sobre el nivel del mar. Se aplicará una tolerancia de
±10 % sobre el voltaje nominal y de ±5 % sobre la frecuencia nominal. Categoría de sobrecarga
eléctrica 2, índice de suciedad 2.
2. No sitúe el producto encima de superficies, vehículos, estantes o mesas, que por sus características
de peso o de estabilidad no sean aptos para él. Siga siempre las instrucciones de instalación del
fabricante cuando instale y asegure el producto en objetos o estructuras (p. ej. paredes y estantes). Si
se realiza la instalación de modo distinto al indicado en la documentación del producto, se pueden
causar lesiones o, en determinadas circunstancias, incluso la muerte.
3. No ponga el producto sobre aparatos que generen calor (p. ej. radiadores o calefactores). La
temperatura ambiente no debe superar la temperatura máxima especificada en la documentación del
producto o en la hoja de datos. En caso de sobrecalentamiento del producto, pueden producirse
choques eléctricos, incendios y/o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte.
Seguridad eléctrica
Si no se siguen (o se siguen de modo insuficiente) las indicaciones del fabricante en cuanto a seguridad
eléctrica, pueden producirse choques eléctricos, incendios y/o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia
de muerte.
1. Antes de la puesta en marcha del producto se deberá comprobar siempre que la tensión
preseleccionada en el producto coincida con la de la red de alimentación eléctrica. Si es necesario
modificar el ajuste de tensión, también se deberán cambiar en caso dado los fusibles
correspondientes del producto.
2. Los productos de la clase de protección I con alimentación móvil y enchufe individual solamente
podrán enchufarse a tomas de corriente con contacto de seguridad y con conductor de protección
conectado.
3. Queda prohibida la interrupción intencionada del conductor de protección, tanto en la toma de
corriente como en el mismo producto. La interrupción puede tener como consecuencia el riesgo de
que el producto sea fuente de choques eléctricos. Si se utilizan cables alargadores o regletas de
enchufe, deberá garantizarse la realización de un examen regular de los mismos en cuanto a su
estado técnico de seguridad.
4. Si el producto no está equipado con un interruptor para desconectarlo de la red, o bien si el
interruptor existente no resulta apropiado para la desconexión de la red, el enchufe del cable de
conexión se deberá considerar como un dispositivo de desconexión.
El dispositivo de desconexión se debe poder alcanzar fácilmente y debe estar siempre bien accesible.
Si, p. ej., el enchufe de conexión a la red es el dispositivo de desconexión, la longitud del cable de
conexión no debe superar 3 m).
Los interruptores selectores o electrónicos no son aptos para el corte de la red eléctrica. Si se
integran productos sin interruptor en bastidores o instalaciones, se deberá colocar el interruptor en el
nivel de la instalación.
5. No utilice nunca el producto si está dañado el cable de conexión a red. Compruebe regularmente el
correcto estado de los cables de conexión a red. Asegúrese, mediante las medidas de protección y
de instalación adecuadas, de que el cable de conexión a red no pueda ser dañado o de que nadie
pueda ser dañado por él, p. ej. al tropezar o por un choque eléctrico.
1171.0000.42 - 07
Page 10
Instrucciones de seguridad elementales
6. Solamente está permitido el funcionamiento en redes de alimentación TN/TT aseguradas con fusibles
de 16 A como máximo (utilización de fusibles de mayor amperaje solo previa consulta con el grupo de
empresas Rohde & Schwarz).
7. Nunca conecte el enchufe en tomas de corriente sucias o llenas de polvo. Introduzca el enchufe por
completo y fuertemente en la toma de corriente. La no observación de estas medidas puede provocar
chispas, fuego y/o lesiones.
8. No sobrecargue las tomas de corriente, los cables alargadores o las regletas de enchufe ya que esto
podría causar fuego o choques eléctricos.
9. En las mediciones en circuitos de corriente con una tensión Ueff > 30 V se deberán tomar las medidas
apropiadas para impedir cualquier peligro (p. ej. medios de medición adecuados, seguros, limitación
de tensión, corte protector, aislamiento etc.).
10. Para la conexión con dispositivos informáticos como un PC o un ordenador industrial, debe
comprobarse que éstos cumplan los estándares IEC60950-1/EN60950-1 o IEC61010-1/EN 61010-1
válidos en cada caso.
11. A menos que esté permitido expresamente, no retire nunca la tapa ni componentes de la carcasa
mientras el producto esté en servicio. Esto pone a descubierto los cables y componentes eléctricos y
puede causar lesiones, fuego o daños en el producto.
12. Si un producto se instala en un lugar fijo, se deberá primero conectar el conductor de protección fijo
con el conductor de protección del producto antes de hacer cualquier otra conexión. La instalación y
la conexión deberán ser efectuadas por un electricista especializado.
13. En el caso de dispositivos fijos que no estén provistos de fusibles, interruptor automático ni otros
mecanismos de seguridad similares, el circuito de alimentación debe estar protegido de modo que
todas las personas que puedan acceder al producto, así como el producto mismo, estén a salvo de
posibles daños.
14. Todo producto debe estar protegido contra sobretensión (debida p. ej. a una caída del rayo) mediante
los correspondientes sistemas de protección. Si no, el personal que lo utilice quedará expuesto al
peligro de choque eléctrico.
15. No debe introducirse en los orificios de la caja del aparato ningún objeto que no esté destinado a ello.
Esto puede producir cortocircuitos en el producto y/o puede causar choques eléctricos, fuego o
lesiones.
16. Salvo indicación contraria, los productos no están impermeabilizados (ver también el capítulo
"Estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento", punto 1). Por eso es necesario tomar las
medidas necesarias para evitar la entrada de líquidos. En caso contrario, existe peligro de choque
eléctrico para el usuario o de daños en el producto, que también pueden redundar en peligro para las
personas.
17. No utilice el producto en condiciones en las que pueda producirse o ya se hayan producido
condensaciones sobre el producto o en el interior de éste, como p. ej. al desplazarlo de un lugar frío a
otro caliente. La entrada de agua aumenta el riesgo de choque eléctrico.
18. Antes de la limpieza, desconecte por completo el producto de la alimentación de tensión (p. ej. red de
alimentación o batería). Realice la limpieza de los aparatos con un paño suave, que no se deshilache.
No utilice bajo ningún concepto productos de limpieza químicos como alcohol, acetona o diluyentes
para lacas nitrocelulósicas.
1171.0000.42 - 07
Page 11
Instrucciones de seguridad elementales
Funcionamiento
1. El uso del producto requiere instrucciones especiales y una alta concentración durante el manejo.
Debe asegurarse que las personas que manejen el producto estén a la altura de los requerimientos
necesarios en cuanto a aptitudes físicas, psíquicas y emocionales, ya que de otra manera no se
pueden excluir lesiones o daños de objetos. El empresario u operador es responsable de seleccionar
el personal usuario apto para el manejo del producto.
2. Antes de desplazar o transportar el producto, lea y tenga en cuenta el capítulo "Transporte".
3. Como con todo producto de fabricación industrial no puede quedar excluida en general la posibilidad
de que se produzcan alergias provocadas por algunos materiales empleados Slos llamados
alérgenos (p. ej. el níquel)S. Si durante el manejo de productos Rohde & Schwarz se producen
reacciones alérgicas, como p. ej. irritaciones cutáneas, estornudos continuos, enrojecimiento de la
conjuntiva o dificultades respiratorias, debe avisarse inmediatamente a un médico para investigar las
causas y evitar cualquier molestia o daño a la salud.
4. Antes de la manipulación mecánica y/o térmica o el desmontaje del producto, debe tenerse en cuenta
imprescindiblemente el capítulo "Eliminación/protección del medio ambiente", punto 1.
5. Ciertos productos, como p. ej. las instalaciones de radiocomunicación RF, pueden a causa de su
función natural, emitir una radiación electromagnética aumentada. Deben tomarse todas las medidas
necesarias para la protección de las mujeres embarazadas. También las personas con marcapasos
pueden correr peligro a causa de la radiación electromagnética. El empresario/operador tiene la
obligación de evaluar y señalizar las áreas de trabajo en las que exista un riesgo elevado de
exposición a radiaciones.
6. Tenga en cuenta que en caso de incendio pueden desprenderse del producto sustancias tóxicas
(gases, líquidos etc.) que pueden generar daños a la salud. Por eso, en caso de incendio deben
usarse medidas adecuadas, como p. ej. máscaras antigás e indumentaria de protección.
7. Los productos con láser están provistos de indicaciones de advertencia normalizadas en función de la
clase de láser del que se trate. Los rayos láser pueden provocar daños de tipo biológico a causa de
las propiedades de su radiación y debido a su concentración extrema de potencia electromagnética.
En caso de que un producto Rohde & Schwarz contenga un producto láser (p. ej. un lector de
CD/DVD), no debe usarse ninguna otra configuración o función aparte de las descritas en la
documentación del producto, a fin de evitar lesiones (p. ej. debidas a irradiación láser).
8. Clases de compatibilidad electromagnética (conforme a EN 55011 / CISPR 11; y en analogía con EN
55022 / CISPR 22, EN 55032 / CISPR 32)
Aparato de clase A:
Aparato adecuado para su uso en todos los entornos excepto en los residenciales y en aquellos
conectados directamente a una red de distribución de baja tensión que suministra corriente a
edificios residenciales.
Nota: Los aparatos de clase A están destinados al uso en entornos industriales. Estos aparatos
pueden causar perturbaciones radioeléctricas en entornos residenciales debido a posibles
perturbaciones guiadas o radiadas. En este caso, se le podrá solicitar al operador que tome las
medidas adecuadas para eliminar estas perturbaciones.
Aparato de clase B:
Aparato adecuado para su uso en entornos residenciales, así como en aquellos conectados
directamente a una red de distribución de baja tensión que suministra corriente a edificios
residenciales.
1171.0000.42 - 07
Page 12
Instrucciones de seguridad elementales
Reparación y mantenimiento
1. El producto solamente debe ser abierto por personal especializado con autorización para ello. Antes
de manipular el producto o abrirlo, es obligatorio desconectarlo de la tensión de alimentación, para
evitar toda posibilidad de choque eléctrico.
2. El ajuste, el cambio de partes, el mantenimiento y la reparación deberán ser efectuadas solamente
por electricistas autorizados por Rohde & Schwarz. Si se reponen partes con importancia para los
aspectos de seguridad (p. ej. el enchufe, los transformadores o los fusibles), solamente podrán ser
sustituidos por partes originales. Después de cada cambio de partes relevantes para la seguridad
deberá realizarse un control de seguridad (control a primera vista, control del conductor de
protección, medición de resistencia de aislamiento, medición de la corriente de fuga, control de
funcionamiento). Con esto queda garantizada la seguridad del producto.
Baterías y acumuladores o celdas
Si no se siguen (o se siguen de modo insuficiente) las indicaciones en cuanto a las baterías y
acumuladores o celdas, pueden producirse explosiones, incendios y/o lesiones graves con posible
consecuencia de muerte. El manejo de baterías y acumuladores con electrolitos alcalinos (p. ej. celdas de
litio) debe seguir el estándar EN 62133.
1. No deben desmontarse, abrirse ni triturarse las celdas.
2. Las celdas o baterías no deben someterse a calor ni fuego. Debe evitarse el almacenamiento a la luz
directa del sol. Las celdas y baterías deben mantenerse limpias y secas. Limpiar las conexiones
sucias con un paño seco y limpio.
3. Las celdas o baterías no deben cortocircuitarse. Es peligroso almacenar las celdas o baterías en
estuches o cajones en cuyo interior puedan cortocircuitarse por contacto recíproco o por contacto con
otros materiales conductores. No deben extraerse las celdas o baterías de sus embalajes originales
hasta el momento en que vayan a utilizarse.
4. Las celdas o baterías no deben someterse a impactos mecánicos fuertes indebidos.
5. En caso de falta de estanqueidad de una celda, el líquido vertido no debe entrar en contacto con la
piel ni los ojos. Si se produce contacto, lavar con agua abundante la zona afectada y avisar a un
médico.
6. En caso de cambio o recarga inadecuados, las celdas o baterías que contienen electrolitos alcalinos
(p. ej. las celdas de litio) pueden explotar. Para garantizar la seguridad del producto, las celdas o
baterías solo deben ser sustituidas por el tipo Rohde & Schwarz correspondiente (ver lista de
recambios).
7. Las baterías y celdas deben reciclarse y no deben tirarse a la basura doméstica. Las baterías o
acumuladores que contienen plomo, mercurio o cadmio deben tratarse como residuos especiales.
Respete en esta relación las normas nacionales de eliminación y reciclaje.
Transporte
1. El producto puede tener un peso elevado. Por eso es necesario desplazarlo o transportarlo con
precaución y, si es necesario, usando un sistema de elevación adecuado (p. ej. una carretilla
elevadora), a fin de evitar lesiones en la espalda u otros daños personales.
1171.0000.42 - 07
Page 13
Instrucciones de seguridad elementales
2. Las asas instaladas en los productos sirven solamente de ayuda para el transporte del producto por
personas. Por eso no está permitido utilizar las asas para la sujeción en o sobre medios de transporte
como p. ej. grúas, carretillas elevadoras de horquilla, carros etc. Es responsabilidad suya fijar los
productos de manera segura a los medios de transporte o elevación. Para evitar daños personales o
daños en el producto, siga las instrucciones de seguridad del fabricante del medio de transporte o
elevación utilizado.
3. Si se utiliza el producto dentro de un vehículo, recae de manera exclusiva en el conductor la
responsabilidad de conducir el vehículo de manera segura y adecuada. El fabricante no asumirá
ninguna responsabilidad por accidentes o colisiones. No utilice nunca el producto dentro de un
vehículo en movimiento si esto pudiera distraer al conductor. Asegure el producto dentro del vehículo
debidamente para evitar, en caso de un accidente, lesiones u otra clase de daños.
Eliminación/protección del medio ambiente
1. Los dispositivos marcados contienen una batería o un acumulador que no se debe desechar con los
residuos domésticos sin clasificar, sino que debe ser recogido por separado. La eliminación se debe
efectuar exclusivamente a través de un punto de recogida apropiado o del servicio de atención al
cliente de Rohde & Schwarz.
2. Los dispositivos eléctricos usados no se deben desechar con los residuos domésticos sin clasificar,
sino que deben ser recogidos por separado.
Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co.KG ha elaborado un concepto de eliminación de residuos y asume
plenamente los deberes de recogida y eliminación para los fabricantes dentro de la UE. Para
desechar el producto de manera respetuosa con el medio ambiente, diríjase a su servicio de atención
al cliente de Rohde & Schwarz.
3. Si se trabaja de manera mecánica y/o térmica cualquier producto o componente más allá del
funcionamiento previsto, pueden liberarse sustancias peligrosas (polvos con contenido de metales
pesados como p. ej. plomo, berilio o níquel). Por eso el producto solo debe ser desmontado por
personal especializado con formación adecuada. Un desmontaje inadecuado puede ocasionar daños
para la salud. Se deben tener en cuenta las directivas nacionales referentes a la eliminación de
residuos.
4. En caso de que durante el trato del producto se formen sustancias peligrosas o combustibles que
deban tratarse como residuos especiales (p. ej. refrigerantes o aceites de motor con intervalos de
cambio definidos), deben tenerse en cuenta las indicaciones de seguridad del fabricante de dichas
sustancias y las normas regionales de eliminación de residuos. Tenga en cuenta también en caso
necesario las indicaciones de seguridad especiales contenidas en la documentación del producto. La
eliminación incorrecta de sustancias peligrosas o combustibles puede causar daños a la salud o
daños al medio ambiente.
Se puede encontrar más información sobre la protección del medio ambiente en la página web de
Rohde & Schwarz.
1171.0000.42 - 07
Page 14
Certified Quality System
ISO 9001
Certified Environmental System
ISO 14001
Sehr geehrter Kunde,
Dear customer,
Cher client,
Sie haben sich für den Kauf
eines Rohde & Schwarz Produktes entschieden. Sie erhalten
damit ein nach modernsten Fertigungsmethoden hergestelltes
Produkt. Es wurde nach den
Regeln unserer Qualitäts- und
Umweltmanagementsysteme
entwickelt, gefertigt und geprüft.
Rohde & Schwarz ist unter anderem nach den Managementsystemen ISO 9001 und ISO 14001
zertifiziert.
You have decided to buy a
Rohde & Schwarz product. This
product has been manufactured
using the most advanced methods. It was developed, manufactured and tested in compliance
with our quality management
and environmental management systems. Rohde & Schwarz
has been certified, for example, according to the ISO 9001
and ISO 14001 management
systems.
Der Umwelt verpflichtet
Environmental commitment
Vous avez choisi d’acheter un
produit Rohde & Schwarz. Vous
disposez donc d’un produit
fabriqué d’après les méthodes
les plus avancées. Le développement, la fabrication et les
tests de ce produit ont été effectués selon nos systèmes de
management de qualité et de
management environnemental.
La société Rohde & Schwarz a
été homologuée, entre autres,
conformément aux systèmes
de management ISO 9001 et
ISO 14001.
❙❙ Energie-effiziente,
❙❙ Energy-efficient
RoHS-konforme Produkte
❙❙ Kontinuierliche
Weiterentwicklung nachhaltiger
­Umweltkonzepte
❙❙ ISO 14001-zertifiziertes
Umweltmanagementsystem
❙❙ Continuous
Engagement écologique
❙❙ Produits
à efficience
énergétique
❙❙ Amélioration continue de la
durabilité environnementale
❙❙ Système de management
environnemental certifié selon
ISO 14001
1171.0200.11 V 05.01
products
improvement in
environmental sustainability
❙❙ ISO 14001-certified
environmental management
system
ISO-Qualitaets-Zertifikat_1171-0200-11_A4.indd 1
28.09.2012 10:25:08
1171020011
Quality management
and environmental
management
Customer Support
Technical support – where and when you need it
For quick, expert help with any Rohde & Schwarz equipment, contact one of our Customer Support
Centers. A team of highly qualified engineers provides telephone support and will work with you to find a
solution to your query on any aspect of the operation, programming or applications of Rohde & Schwarz
equipment.
Up-to-date information and upgrades
To keep your instrument up-to-date and to be informed about new application notes related to your
instrument, please send an e-mail to the Customer Support Center stating your instrument and your wish.
We will take care that you will get the right information.
Europe, Africa, Middle East
Phone +49 89 4129 12345
[email protected]
North America
Phone 1-888-TEST-RSA (1-888-837-8772)
[email protected]
Latin America
Phone +1-410-910-7988
[email protected]
Asia/Pacific
Phone +65 65 13 04 88
[email protected]
China
Phone +86-800-810-8228 /
+86-400-650-5896
[email protected]
1171.0200.22-06.00
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1 Introduction......................................................................................... 3
1.1
General Remarks .........................................................................................................3
1.2
Typical Application ......................................................................................................3
1.3
Description ...................................................................................................................4
1.4
Conversion Loss Data .................................................................................................5
2 Preparing for Use................................................................................ 6
3 Operating Instructions ....................................................................... 8
3.1
Prerequisites ................................................................................................................8
3.2
Replacing Existing Data Files...................................................................................11
3.3
Parameters and Settings...........................................................................................13
3.4
Notes on Level Correction ........................................................................................14
3.5
Nominal Local Oscillator Level ................................................................................14
4 Measurement Accuracy.................................................................... 15
4.1
Errors from the Used Instrument .............................................................................15
4.2
Errors from the Harmonic Mixer...............................................................................16
4.2.1
Errors from Mismatch...................................................................................................16
4.2.2
Total Measurement Error .............................................................................................17
5 Maintenance and Troubleshooting.................................................. 21
5.1
Maintenance ...............................................................................................................21
5.2
Troubleshooting.........................................................................................................21
6 Checking Rated Specifications ....................................................... 22
6.1
Measurement Equipment and Accessories ............................................................22
6.2
Test Instructions ........................................................................................................23
6.2.1
Checking the Conversion Loss ....................................................................................24
6.2.1.1
Determining the Absolute Level Error..........................................................................25
6.2.1.2
Determining the Output Level of the Signal Source ....................................................26
6.2.1.3
Determining the Conversion Loss of the Mixer............................................................26
6.2.2
Checking the Noise Display.........................................................................................27
6.3
Performance Test Report..........................................................................................29
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
1
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Table of Contents
Index .................................................................................................. 41
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
2
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Introduction
General Remarks
1 Introduction
1.1 General Remarks
The harmonic mixers of the R&S FS-Zxx series are highly sensitive measuring
accessories. Therefore, the following points should be observed during operation
although the equipment is of a sturdy design.
Improper handling can cause the mixer to become faulty or damaged.
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Heavy shocks can cause the diodes in the mixer to be destroyed.
Shock-proof packaging should therefore be used for storing or dispatching the
mixer.
The maximum power at the RF input and the LO input (see data sheet) must not
be exceeded.
Avoid electrostatic discharges near the connectors.
When the mixer is not used, the LO/IF connector (SMA) as well as the RF port
(waveguide) should be covered with the cap supplied with the unit.
The function of the diodes should not be checked by means of an ohmmeter.
This would lead to their destruction.
Do not loosen the screws of the mixer.
Repair of the mixer can only be done at the manufacturer's servicing department.
Avoid scratching the contact surface of the waveguide flange.
The following conditions are necessary to operate the mixers:
The mixers can be operated with the following instruments from Rohde& Schwarz:
Instrument model
Necessary firmware version
R&S FSP40
R&S FSU26/43/46/50/67
R&S FSQ26/40
R&S FSUP26/50
R&S FSV30/40
R&S FSVR30/40
R&S FSW26/43/50
For R&S FSU:
2.10 or higher with Windows NT
3.10 or higher with Windows XP
with option B21
For R&S FSP:
2.11 or higher with Windows NT
3.11 or higher with Windows XP
For R&S FSV
1.40 or higher
For R&S FSVR
any firmware version
For R&S FSW
1.60 or higher
1.2 Typical Application
The harmonic mixers R&S FS-Z60, R&S FS-Z75, R&S FS-Z90 and R&S FS-Z110 are
used for the frequency range extension of spectrum analyzers and signal analyzers
(called "instrument" in this manual).
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
3
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Introduction
Description
They allow measurements in the frequency ranges:
40 GHz to 60 GHz
R&S FS-Z60
50 GHz to 75 GHz
R&S FS-Z75
60 GHz to 90 GHz
R&S FS-Z90
75 GHz to 110 GHz
R&S FS-Z110
Due to the two-diode concept, these mixers do not require any biasing for operation so
that measurements with higher level accuracy and reproducibility compared to single
diode mixers can be performed.
The mixers of the R&S FS-Zxx series have been developed for use with R&S spectrum
analyzers. Thus, the conversion loss data supplied, apply only when used in
combination with R&S spectrum analyzers.
1.3 Description
The mixer R&S FS-Z60 is of two-port type, which means that only one coaxial cable is
required for feeding the LO signal and tapping the IF signal. The two signals are
separated by means of a diplexer in the instrument. The mixers R&S FS-Z75, R&S FSZ90, and R&S FS-Z110 are of three port type which means that they have separate
connectors for the LO input and the IF output signal. Biasing is not required.
The two design concepts are shown in Figure 1-1.
Figure 1-1: Design of R&S FS-Zxx harmonic mixers
The signal to be measured is fed into the input (RF) of the mixer (Standard waveguide
flange).
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
4
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Introduction
Conversion Loss Data
The signal of the first local oscillator (LO) is applied to the mixer via the LO/IF SMA
connector for the 2 port type, and via the LO SMA connector for the 3 port type,
respectively.
Nonlinearities produce harmonics of the LO signal which are used to convert the input
signal to a lower intermediate frequency (IF).
The signal converted to the intermediate frequency is tapped via the LO/IF connector
on the 2 port mixer type, or the separate IF connector on the 3 port type, respectively,
and fed into the corresponding connector of the analyzer. Since the LO signal and IF
signal are fed and tapped via the same coaxial cable in case of a two port mixer, it is
necessary to separate the two signals by means of a diplexer, which is integrated in
the Rohde & Schwarz instruments listed above.
The mixer does not have any preselection. Image products and other unwanted mixer
products are displayed on the instrument in addition to the wanted mixer products.
Firmware functions (AUTO ID) are available to identify the input signals and separate
them from image signals and other mixing products (see the operating manual of the
used instrument for details).
The conversion loss of the harmonic mixers must be taken into account in order to
display the level of the measured signal correctly. The conversion loss is dependent on
the frequency and the characteristics of the mixer in use. Therefore correction loss
data is supplied for each mixer (see section "Conversion Loss Data").
1.4 Conversion Loss Data
The conversion loss of a harmonic mixer is measured in the factory. The resulting data
is supplied in a document, which contains the list of frequencies and the conversion
loss measured at each individual frequency. In addition, a table with correction data is
affixed to the mixer, which contains a smaller number of frequency points.
Correction data is also supplied in form of a file on a USB stick (or 3.5" floppy disc with
older models) to facilitate level correction. This file contains conversion loss data of 50
frequency points and all further parameters required for operating the mixer with R&S
spectrum analyzers.
The prerequisites to read this file are explained in section "Prerequisites".
The conversion loss data only refers to the frequency-dependent conversion loss of the
mixer. The attenuation of the cable used to tap the IF should be considered separately
(see section "Parameters and Settings").
High-quality low-loss coaxial cables should be used to feed the LO signal or tap the IF
signal to obtain a low conversion loss for the mixer. The spectrum analyzer’s option
B21 comes with corresponding coaxial cables. It is highly recommended to always use
these cables supplied with the B21.
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
5
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Preparing for Use
Conversion Loss Data
2 Preparing for Use
To prepare a measurement with the external mixer, connect the mixer and the
instrument in the specified order (also indicated in Figure 2-1).
1. First connect the waveguide flange of the harmonic mixer to the DUT.
Note: Do not connect the coax cables to the mixer prior to this step to protect them
against mechanical stress.
2. Connect the coaxial cable(s) supplied with the B21 to the LO OUT / IF IN port of
the instrument.
For 3 port mixers, connect another cable to the IF IN port of the instrument.
3. Connect the coaxial cable(s) from the LO OUT / IF IN port of the instrument to the
LO/IF SMA connector (2 port type) or the LO SMA connector (3 port type) of the
harmonic mixer.
For 3 port mixers, additionally connect the cable from the IF IN port of the
instrument to the IF port of the mixer.
Note: Connect each cable to the analyzer first, before connecting it to the mixer.
This makes sure that the coax cables are not electrostatically charged when
connected to the mixer, which protects the mixer diodes against possible
electrostatic discharge.
Figure 2-1: Measurement setup using a harmonic mixe
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
6
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Preparing for Use
Conversion Loss Data
Risk of mixer damage
Before initial use of the external mixer, be sure to read all safety instructions provided
on the Documentation CD carefully and make sure that the following conditions and
precautions are met:
7
Provide sufficient mechanical and electrostatic protection during storage or
transportation of the mixer. Heavy shocks can cause damage to the diodes in the
mixer.
7
Avoid electrostatic discharges near the connectors to protect the mixer diodes.
7
Do not apply a torque exceeding 100 Ncm when connecting the LO/IF and IF
cables; this may damage the LO/IF and IF connectors (SMA).
7
Do not check the function of the diodes by means of an ohmmeter. The diodes can
be destroyed by the battery voltage.
7
Signal levels at the mixer's RF port and the LO port must be within the ranges
specified in the data sheet; otherwise the mixer may be damaged. If the signal level
to be measured is not known, perform a test measurement of the DUT with a
waveguide attenuator and a power meter first.
7
If cables other than the ones supplied with the B21 are used for IF and LO signals,
ensure that they have a low insertion loss and that the connection is as short as
possible. If the insertion loss increases in the LO path, the LO level of the mixer
decreases, resulting in a higher conversion loss and thus a reduced dynamic
range.
7
Do not stress the cables used to provide the LO signal and tap the IF to avoid
cable damage.
7
When the mixer is not in use, cover the LO/IF and IF connectors (SMA), as well as
the RF port (waveguide) with the provided caps to prevent environmental impact
which may cause damage to the mixer.
Failure to meet these conditions may cause damage to the mixer or other devices in
the test setup.
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R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Operating Instructions
Prerequisites
3 Operating Instructions
The following chapter contains detailed operating instructions for the R&S FSP, FSU,
FSQ and FSUP analyzer families. The corresponding operating instructions for
R&S FSV, FSVR and FSW instruments can be found in their operating manuals under
the keyword “B21”.
Conventions for settings to be made during the measurement:
[<KEY>]
Press a key on the front panel, e.g., [ FREQ ]
[<SOFTKEY>]
Press a softkey, e.g., [MARKER -> PEAK]
[<nn Dimension>]
Enter a value and terminate by entering the unit, e.g., [ 12 kHz ]
{<nn>}
Enter values indicated in one of the following tables.
7
Successive entries are separated by [:], e.g., [ FREQUENCY : 15 kHz ]
3.1 Prerequisites
If a file with (old) calibration data stored on the hard drive should be replaced by a new
file, proceed as described in section "Replacing Existing Data Files".
If not explicitly explained in the following, described operations are the same for
R&S FSP and R&S FSU instruments.
Prior to the first use of the mixer, the conversion loss data file supplied on the memory
stick must be imported to the hard drive of the used instrument.
Proceed as follows:
1. Connect the memory stick supplied with the harmonic mixer to a USB port of the
instrument.
2. [ PRESET ]
Reset the instrument.
3. [ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : EXT MIXER ]
Mixer option is enabled. Softkey EXT MIXER is switched to ON and all other
softkeys (without ACCEPT BIAS) are activated
4. [ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : SELECT BAND : band ]
Select the desired band for which new conversion loss data is to be copied (with
cursor keys or rollkey and ENTER). Start and Stop frequencies are changed in
correspondence with the selected band.
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R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Operating Instructions
Prerequisites
Mixer
Waveguide band
R&S FS-Z60
U
R&S FS-Z75
V
R&S FS-Z90
E
R&S FS-Z110
W
5. [ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : CONV LOSS TABLE : LOAD TABLE ]
Use the Windows Explorer and the cursor keys/rollkey to browse for your desired
conversion loss file. Select it with the cursor keys/rollkey and start copying with
ENTER. The conversion loss file on USB stick is copied to the hard drive.
For each mixer (R&S FS-Z75, R&S FS-Z90 and R&S FS-Z110), three directories
are provided on the USB stick. Each of them contains a conversion loss file
corresponding to a different intermediate frequency and is named after this
frequency, i.e., 404.4 MHz, 729 MHz and 1330 MHz. The conversion loss file to be
loaded depends on the type of spectrum analyzer the mixer is used with. The
relations are as follows:
Spectrum Analyzer
Intermediate Frequency /
Directory of conversion
loss file
R&S FSP40
404.4 MHz
R&S FSU26/43/46/50/67
404.4 MHz
R&S FSQ26/40
404.4 MHz
R&S FSUP26/50
404.4 MHz
R&S FSV30/40
729 MHz
R&S FSVR30/40
729 MHz
R&S FSW26/43/50
1330 MHz
6. [ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : SELECT BAND : ports ]
Select PORTS table entry with cursor keys/rollkey in the row of the desired band
and press ENTER. Use the cursor keys/rollkey to select “2” for a 2 port mixer or “3”
for 3 port mixer in the subsequent popup table depending on the type of employed
harmonic mixer. Then press ENTER.
To activate the conversion loss data file copied on hard drive, select the file for the
corresponding band in menu SELECT BAND.
7. [ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : SELECT BAND : file ]
To select the conversion loss file in the SELECT BAND table, go to the row of the
desired band with up and down cursor keys. With right cursor key select the CONV
LOSS TABLE column and press ENTER. The copied conversion loss file is listed
in the subsequent popup table. Select it using the cursor up and down keys and
press ENTER. The entry in column AVG CONV LOSS/dB for the selected band is
now empty. In column CONV LOSS TABLE the conversion loss file name is listed
instead (see Figure 3-1 below).
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R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Operating Instructions
Prerequisites
Figure 3-1: Activating the conversion loss file
8. To leave the SELECT BAND menu press [ ] (MENU UP). The correction data of
the selected file is now used for level correction.
Example:
The correction data file for mixer R&S FS-Z75 is to be copied to the hard drive,
proceed as follows:
1. Connect the USB stick supplied with the harmonic mixer to the instrument
2. [ PRESET ]
3. If external mixer option is not activated (EXT MIXER softkey is switched to OFF) press
[ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : EXT MIXER ]
4. [ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : SELECT BAND : band ]
Select the V band in the BAND column with cursor keys/rollkey and ENTER.
5. [ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : SELECT BAND : CONV LOSS TABLE : LOAD
TABLE ]
Use the Windows Explorer and the cursor keys/rollkey to browse for your desired
conversion loss file. Select it with the cursor keys/rollkey and start copying with
ENTER.
6. [ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : SELECT BAND : ports ]
Select PORTS table entry with cursor keys/rollkey in the V-band row and press
ENTER. Select “3” in the subsequent popup table for the number of ports using the
cursor keys/rollkey and ENTER.
7.
[ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : SELECT BAND : file ]
Select CONV LOSS TABLE entry with cursor keys/rollkey in the V-band row and
press ENTER. Select the R&S FS-Z75 file copied in step 5 with cursor keys/rollkey
and ENTER.
8. Return to menu EXTERNAL MIXER by actuating key MENU UP [
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].
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R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Operating Instructions
Replacing Existing Data Files
3.2 Replacing Existing Data Files
To ensure that the new correction data of a re-calibrated mixer is used, the existing file
with the same name must be deleted from the hard drive. Proceed as follows:
1. Connect the USB stick supplied with the harmonic mixer to the instrument
2. [ PRESET ]
3. If external mixer option is not activated (EXT MIXER softkey is switched to OFF) press
[ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : EXT MIXER ]
4. [ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : SELECT BAND : file ]
To deactivate the currently used conversion loss file in the SELECT BAND table,
move the cursor to the row of the desired band using the up and down cursor keys.
With the right cursor key select the CONV LOSS TABLE column and press
ENTER. In the appearing popup table select the entry NONE using the up and
down cursor keys and press ENTER. The AVG CONV LOSS/dB table entry is
highlighted. The CONV LOSS TABLE column is empty.
5. [ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : CONV LOSS TABLE : file]
Select the conversion loss file to be deleted with the up and down cursor keys in
the TABLES table. Then press DELETE TABLE and reconfirm by selecting YES in
the popup menu with the cursor keys and ENTER. The conversion loss file is now
deleted from hard drive.
6. [ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : SELECT BAND : band ]
Select the desired band for which new correction data is to be copied (with cursor
keys or rollkey and ENTER). Start and Stop frequencies are changed in correspondence with the selected band.
Mixer
Waveguide band
R&S FS-Z60
U
R&S FS-Z75
V
R&S FS-Z90
E
R&S FS-Z110
W
7. [ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : CONV LOSS TABLE : LOAD TABLE ]
Use the Windows Explorer and the cursor keys/rollkey to browse for your desired
conversion loss file. Select it with the cursor keys/rollkey and start copying with
ENTER. The conversion loss file on the USB stick is copied to the hard drive.
To activate the conversion loss data file copied on the hard drive, select the file for
the corresponding band in menu SELECT BAND.
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Operating Instructions
Replacing Existing Data Files
8. [ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : SELECT BAND : file ]
To select the conversion loss file in the SELECT BAND table, move the cursor to
the row of the desired band using the up and down cursor keys. With the right
cursor key select the CONV LOSS TABLE column and press ENTER. In the
appearing popup table the copied conversion loss file is listed. Select it using the
up and down cursor keys and press ENTER. The entry in column AVG CONV
LOSS/dB for the selected band is now empty. In column CONV LOSS TABLE the
conversion loss file name is listed instead.
9. To leave the SELECT BAND menu press [ ] (MENU UP). The new correction
data of the selected file is now used for level correction.
Example:
New correction data is to be copied to the hard drive for mixer R&S FS-Z75. Proceed
as follows:
1. Connect the USB stick supplied with the harmonic mixer to the instrument.
2. [ PRESET ]
3. If external mixer option is not activated (EXT MIXER softkey is switched to OFF) press
[ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : EXT MIXER ]
4. [ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : SELECT BAND : file ]
Select conversion loss table entry with cursor keys/rollkey in the V-band row and
press ENTER. Select NONE entry with cursor keys and ENTER.
5. [ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : CONV LOSS TABLE ]
Select the conversion loss file to be deleted with the up and down cursor keys in
the TABLES table. Then press DELETE TABLE and reconfirm by selecting YES in
the popup menu with the cursor keys and ENTER.
6. [ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : SELECT BAND : band ]
Select the V band in the BAND column with cursor keys/rollkey and ENTER.
7. [ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : SELECT BAND : CONV LOSS TABLE : LOAD TABLE ]
Use the Windows Explorer and the cursor keys/rollkey to browse for the new
conversion loss file to be loaded. Select it with the cursor keys/rollkey and start
copying with ENTER.
8. [ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : SELECT BAND : file ]
Select CONV LOSS TABLE entry with cursor keys/rollkey in the V-band row and
press ENTER. Select the R&S FS-Z75 file copied in step 7 with cursor keys and
press ENTER.
9. Return to menu EXTERNAL MIXER by actuating key MENU UP [
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].
12
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Operating Instructions
Parameters and Settings
3.3 Parameters and Settings
Once the conversion loss data file supplied with the mixer has been copied to the hard
drive and activated for the corresponding band, the LO level must be set to its nominal
value using the function [ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : LO LEVEL : value ] (see also
section 3.5 Nominal Local Oscillator Level on page 14). All additional parameters
required are automatically set. The mixer is now ready for measurement.
Table 3-1: Parameters for operating R&S FS-Zxx waveguide mixers with R&S FSP
R&S FS-Z60
R&S FS-Z75
R&S FS-Z90
R&S FS-Z110
Band
U
V
E
W
Frequency range / GHz
40 to 60
50 to 75
60 to 90
75 to 110
Order of harmonic
4th: 40 to 52,3 GHz
6th: 52,3 to 60 GHz
6th
8th
10th
Harmonic even/odd
even
even
even
even
Ports
2
3
3
3
Bias / mA
0
0
0
0
IF / MHz
404.4
404.4
404.4
404.4
14.0
14.0
15.5
Nominal LO level / dBm 15.5
When using the FS-Z110 in combination with an R&S FSP instrument, the conversion loss
th
table for the 10 harmonic also supplied on the USB stick must be selected. The local
oscillator range of an R&S FSP instrument only covers the entire RF frequency range from
th
75 GHz to 110 GHz when using the 10 harmonic.
Table 3-2: Parameters for operating R&S FS-Zxx waveguide mixers with R&S FSU
R&S FS-Z60
R&S FS-Z75
R&S FS-Z90
R&S FS-Z110
Band
U
V
E
W
Frequency range / GHz
40 to 60
50 to 75
60 to 90
75 to 110
Order of harmonic
4
6
6
8
Harmonic even/odd
even
even
even
even
Ports
2
3
3
3
Bias / mA
0
0
0
0
IF / MHz
404.4
404.4
404.4
404.4
14.0
14.0
15.5
Nominal LO level / dBm 15.5
The allocation of the conversion loss data file to a defined band is maintained when you
switch off the instrument or reset it using the "Preset" key. After preset, simply select the
corresponding band.
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
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R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Operating Instructions
Notes on Level Correction
3.4 Notes on Level Correction
The correction data only takes into account the conversion loss of the mixer.
The insertion loss of the cable used for tapping the IF signal must be taken into
account separately in the correction of the level.
In contrast to the conversion loss of the mixer, the cable loss in the IF path is
independent of the frequency. Depending on the spectrum analyzer the mixer is used
with, the IF cable loss must be determined at the following frequencies:
Spectrum Analyzer
Intermediate Frequency
R&S FSP40
404.4 MHz
R&S FSU26/43/46/50/67
404.4 MHz
R&S FSQ26/40
404.4 MHz
R&S FSUP26/50
404.4 MHz
R&S FSV30/40
729 MHz
R&S FSVR30/40
729 MHz
R&S FSW26/43/50
1330 MHz
The cable loss is then simply taken into account with a level offset (function [ AMPT :
REF LEVEL OFFSET : value ] ).
3.5 Nominal Local Oscillator Level
The nominal local oscillator (LO) level is the power at the mixer’s LO input port, for
which the supplied conversion loss tables are derived. The LO level must be set to this
value. However, to compensate for losses of the LO cable, the LO level can be set into
the power range as specified in the mixer’s datasheet. For the specified level uncertainty the conversion loss tables are valid within this power range. Independent of the
used spectrum analyzer, the nominal LO levels of the mixers are:
Mixer
Nominal LO level
[dBm]
R&S FS-Z60
15.5
R&S FS-Z75
14.0
R&S FS-Z90
14.0
R&S FS-Z110
15.5
The LO level is set by the function [ FREQ : EXTERNAL MIXER : LO LEVEL : value ].
You can also check the value of the nominal LO level in the calibration protocol
delivered with the mixer.
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R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Measurement Accuracy
Errors from the Used Instrument
4 Measurement Accuracy
The measurement of signal levels always involves some uncertainty. Depending on the
type of measurement, this uncertainty is due to various sources of errors (see section
"Errors from Mismatch"). Basically, these sources of errors originate from the used
instrument and the harmonic mixer.
Measurement errors due to a too low signal/noise ratio are not taken into account in
the following.
Ensuring measurement accuracy
In order to ensure correct measurement and avoid signal distortion, consider the
following:
7
Ensure the ambient temperature does not exceed the range specified in the data
sheet.
7
Do not loosen the screws of the mixer or the screws at the SMA connector.
Otherwise the calibration data becomes invalid and measurements may provide
inaccurate results. The mixer can only be repaired by the manufacturer's servicing
department.
7
The flanges of the waveguides between the mixer and the DUT should be
connected without offsets or air gaps (e.g. due to canting). The contact surface of
the waveguide flange should not be soiled or scratched. Only proper connections
ensure accurate results.
4.1 Errors from the Used Instrument
When using the harmonic mixers, the measurement accuracy can be influenced by the
following sources of errors due to the instrument:
7
7
7
7
7
Absolute error: the absolute error made when a signal is directly fed into the
LO/IF port or IF input of the spectrum analyzer (see B21 IF input level uncertainty
specification).
IF amplifier error: the error due to switching the IF gain. It typically amounts to
0.2 dB.
Log linearity error: the error made during AD conversion (see nonlinearity of
displayed level specification).
Error on switching the bandwidth: see bandwidth switching uncertainty/error
specification
Bandwidth error: see resolution bandwidth uncertainty
The error specifications are given in the instrument’s data sheet.
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R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Measurement Accuracy
Errors from the Harmonic Mixer
4.2 Errors from the Harmonic Mixer
The following sources of errors from the harmonic mixer can contribute to the overall
measurement error:
7
7
Uncertainty
Deviation of the LO level from the ideal value
As for any measurement, measuring conversion loss of mixers involves some errors
which have different causes. These errors are included in the specified uncertainty.
Despite the two-diode concept, there is some dependency between the mixer conversion
loss and the LO level. If during measurement another LO level is applied to the mixer
than the level for measurement of conversion loss in the factory, the actual conversion
loss can deviate from that taken into account by the conversion loss data. The resulting
measurement uncertainty, however, is already taken into account in the uncertainty given
in the specifications. The values only apply if the LO level is set to its nominal value
taking into account possible LO cable losses or into its level range as specified in the
mixer’s data sheet.
4.2.1 Errors from Mismatch
An ideal mixer with an input reflection coefficient of 0 would absorb the total input
power offered to it irrespective of the output impedance of the signal source.
Mismatch results from the fact that the reflection coefficient of a real mixer is however
> 0. The measurement result thus also depends on the output reflection coefficient of
the source which is generally > 0. The following equation applies to the measurement
uncertainty MU due to mismatch:
M U = 100 [(1 ± rg rl ) 2
with
MU
rg
rl
1]
(Equation 1)
measurement uncertainty in %
magnitude of the source reflection coefficient
magnitude of the mixer reflection coefficient.
The following approximation applies:
±200 rg rl .
MU
(Equation 2)
Taking the values of the input or output VSWR of the mixer or DUT, the corresponding
reflection coefficients can be calculated as follows:
r=
s 1
s+1
with r
s
(Equation 3)
reflection coefficient
VSWR
The mismatch of the mixer IF output and the instruments IF input is also a possible source
of error. However, the resulting error can be calculated using the above equations.
Due to low VSWR at the IF inputs the resulting error can be neglected.
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R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Measurement Accuracy
Errors from the Harmonic Mixer
4.2.2 Total Measurement Error
The sources of errors contributing to the total measurement error depend on the type
of measurement. The sources of errors are listed below for the most important cases:
Measurement of the absolute level:
7
Absolute error
7
IF amplifier error
7
Linearity error
7
Error on switching the bandwidth
7
Bandwidth error (only with channel
power and noise measurement)
Sources of errors of the harmonic mixer:
7
Uncertainty
Error from mismatch:
7
Mismatch between DUT output and
mixer RF input
Sources of errors of the instrument:
Relative level measurement:
Sources of errors of the instrument:
7
Linearity error
Conditions:
7
Constant bandwidths and reference level
setting
7
Measurements at a signal frequency
7
Constant source output impedance
1
A maximum error (worst case) can be calculated from these contributions by simply
adding them up. The maximum error calculated in this way has confidence level of
100 %, i.e., the actual error from a measurement never exceeds the calculated values.
In practice, however, the maximum error seldom occurs. If the total error is the sum of
individual errors the causes of which are independent of another, this is statistically a
very rare event that all individual errors occur at the same time with their maximum
value and same sign during a measurement.
What is more suitable for the practice is to calculate the total error with a certain
confidence level, usually 95 % (see Application Note 1EF36 ‘Level Error Calculation for
Spectrum Analyzers’).
For systematic errors, i.e., for sources of errors of the instrument, a rectangular
distribution is assumed, whereas the level uncertainty of the harmonic mixer is
assumed to be normally distributed.
The following equation applies to the variance
instrument:
2
of the individual errors of the
1
If the signal frequency varies just a little between two signals to be measured (up to
some MHz), the frequency response can be neglected. What appears is just the
linearity error of the spectrum analyzer.
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Measurement Accuracy
Errors from the Harmonic Mixer
2
a2
=
3
(Equation 4)
2
with
the variance
the max. systematic error, in dB
a
Bandwidth errors are usually specified in %. Thus, the following applies:
2
2
RBWerr
10 lg 1 +
100
=
3
2
with
RBWerr
(Equation 5)
the variance
the bandwidth error, in %
If an error (e.g. uncertainty of conversion loss data of the mixer) is already given with a
defined confidence level, i.e., the indication does not reflect the maximum value, the
variance should be first calculated from the specified value.
The following equation applies to indications with a confidence level of 95 % and
normal distribution
2
2
a
= RSS
1,96
(Equation 6)
2
with
the variance
the systematic error with a confidence level of 95 % in dB
aRSS
Errors from mismatch have a U distribution. Thus, the following equation applies to
2
variance
2
(20 lg(1
=
2
with
rg rl
))
2
(Equation 7)
2
the variance
the magnitude of the source reflection coefficient, i.e., the DUT
the magnitude of the load reflection coefficient, i.e., the mixer
rg
rl
The magnitude of the reflection coefficient can be calculated with the equation
r=
s 1
s+1
with
r
s
(Equation 8)
the reflection coefficient
the VSWR
Taking the variances i of the different contributions, the combined standard deviation
tot is calculated using the equation
tot
=
2
1
+
2
2
+...+
2
n
.
(Equation 9)
The resulting standard deviation has a confidence level of 68 %. This value should be
multiplied by 1.96 to obtain a confidence level of 95 %.
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R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Measurement Accuracy
Errors from the Harmonic Mixer
Example:
For the absolute level measurement of an input signal (output VSWR of signal source
1.2:1), the total error is to be determined with a confidence level of 95 %. The
resolution bandwidth set is 100 kHz, the signal level is approx. 20 dB below the
reference level. The bandwidth error should be assumed to be 10 %.
The data sheets for the mixer and the instrument contain the relevant specifications.
Specified error
Variance
Remarks
2
i
Spectrum analyzer
Absolute error (with external mixing)
1.0 dB
0.33
comp. equation 4
IF amplifier error
0.2 dB
0.01
comp. equation 4
Linearity error
0.3 dB
0.03
comp. equation 4
Error on switching the bandwidth
0.2 dB
0.01
comp. equation 4
Bandwidth error
10 %
0.07
comp. equation 5
3,0 dB
2,34
comp. equation 6
0,10
comp. equation 7
Harmonic mixer
Uncertainty
Mismatch
VSWR RF input of mixer
3,5
VSWR signal source output
1,2
2
The combined standard deviation for tot = 1.70 can be calculated from variances i
using equation 9. The total measurement error of 3.34 dB is obtained with a confidence
level of 95 % by multiplying the standard deviation by a factor of 1.96.
An MS Excel 5.0 spreadsheet (EXTERROR.XLS file) is supplied on the USB stick with
the mixer to simplify such error calculations.
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R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Measurement Accuracy
Errors from the Harmonic Mixer
Table 4-1: MS Excel 5.0 spreadsheet for error calculation
Error Calculation
for FSP/FSU/FSUP/FSQ/FSV/FSVR/FSW + External Mixer
specified variance
error
Inherent errors
Spectrum analyzer
absolute error (IF input for external mixing)
IF amplifier error
log linearity error
bandwidth switching error
bandwidth error
[dB]
[dB]
[dB]
[dB]
[%]
1.00
0.20
0.30
0.20
10.00
0.33
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.07
External mixer
uncertainty of conversion loss data (95% confidence level)
[dB]
3.00
2.34
combined variance
combined standard uncertainty
rss error (95% confidence level)
[dB]
Error due to source mismatch
VSWR of external mixer (RF port)
VSWR of DUT
combined variance
combined standard uncertainty
error including source mismatch (95%)
2.80
1.67
3.28
3.50
1.20
[dB]
0.10
2.90
1.70
3.34
The different errors are to be entered in the yellow fields in the specified unit. The
calculated error with a confidence level of 95 % is output in the dark blue fields.
The error output under "rss error (95 % confidence level)" takes into account all
individual errors due to the instrument and mixer.
Errors due to mismatch between DUT and mixer input are taken into account in the
value for ‘error including source mismatch (95 %)’.
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R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Maintenance and Troubleshooting
Maintenance
5 Maintenance and Troubleshooting
5.1 Maintenance
The harmonic mixers FS-Z60/75/90/110 are maintenance-free. Clean the contact
surface of the waveguide flange with alcohol and a soft cloth at regular intervals.
Do not scratch the contact surface.
To keep measurement errors at a minimum level the mixer should be returned to the
manufacturer for recalibration at regular intervals (see specifications for calibration
intervals in the data sheet).
5.2 Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting as such is not possible in the harmonic mixers of the R&S FS-Zxx
series. Defective mixers require repair and new measurement of conversion loss by
the manufacturer.
Damages are generally recognizable by increased conversion loss up to complete
dropout.
Risk of blowing the diodes
Do not check the function of the diodes by means of an ohmmeter. The diodes can be
destroyed by the battery voltage.
Risk of measurement errors
Do not loosen the screws of the mixer and the screws for fastening the SMA
connector. Otherwise the calibration data becomes invalid and measurements may
provide inaccurate results.
Risk of invalid data
The label with conversion loss data also serves as a seal. Conversion loss data
becomes invalid if this seal is broken.
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
21
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Checking Rated Specifications
Measurement Equipment and Accessories
6 Checking Rated Specifications
6.1 Measurement Equipment and Accessories
Table 6-1: Measurement Equipment and Accessories
Item
Type of
equipment
1
Spectrum analyzer
Specifications recommended
Equipment
recommended
R&S Order
No.
Page
R&S FSP40 + B211) or
R&S FSU26 + B21 or
R&S FSU43 + B21 or
R&S FSU46 + B21 or
R&S FSU50 + B21 or
R&S FSQ26 + B21 or
R&S FSQ40 + B21 or
R&S FSUP26 + B21 or
R&S FSUP50 + B21 or
R&S FSV30 + B21 or
R&S FSV40 + B21 or
R&S FSVR30 + B21 or
R&S FSVR40 + B21 or
R&S FSW26 + B21 or
R&S FSW43 + B21 or
R&S FSW50 + B21
1164.4391.40
1166.1660.26
1166.1660.43
1166.1660.46
1166.1660.50
1155.5001.26
1155.5001.40
1166.3505.26
1166.3505.50
1307.9002K30
1307.9002K40
1311.0006.30
1311.0006.40
1312.8000K26
1312.8000K43
1312.8000K50
24
1407.6004.02
1407.9603.02
24
1)
Option B21 R&S Order No.
1155.1758.01 for R&S FSP,
1157.1090.03 for R&S FSU,
1157.1090.04 for R&S FSUP
1310.9597.02 for R&S FSV
1310.9597.02 for R&S FSVR
1313.1100.26 for R&S FSW26
1313.1100.43 for R&S FSW43
1313.1100.43 for R&S FSW50
2
Signal generator
Frequency range
3
Signal source
-15 dBm < Output level < -5 dBm
4
Power meter
5
Power sensor
up to 2 GHz
SMBV100A with
SMBV-B103
R&S FS-Z60:
R&S SMR60
1134.9008.60
Output VSWR
< 2.0 : 1
Frequency range:
R&S FS-Z60:
R&S FS-Z75:
R&S FS-Z90:
R&S FS-Z110:
40 GHz to 60 GHz
50 GHz to 75 GHz
60 GHz to 90 GHz
75 GHz to 110 GHz
R&S FS-Z75:
R&S SMF 100A +
R&S SMF-B144 +
R&S SMZ75 +
R&S SMZ-B75E
1167.0000.02
1167.7204.03
1417.4004.02
1417.6107.02
Waveguide flange
R&S FS-Z60:
R&S FS-Z75:
R&S FS-Z90:
R&S FS-Z110:
UG-383/U-M
UG-385/U
UG-387/U
UG-387/U-M
R&S FS-Z90:
R&S SMF 100A +
R&S SMF-B144 +
R&S SMZ90 +
R&S SMZ-B90E
1167.0000.02
1167.7204.03
1417.4504.02
1417.6607.02
R&S FS-Z110:
R&S SMF 100A +
R&S SMF-B144 +
R&S SMZ110 +
R&S SMZ-B110E
1167.0000.02
1167.7204.03
1417.5000.02
1417.7103.02
Frequency range
up to 2 GHz
24
R&S NRVD
0857.8008.02
24
R&S NRV-Z4
0828.3618.02
24
RSS error referred to indicated power
0,8%
Meter noise
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
20 pW
22
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Checking Rated Specifications
Test Instructions
Item
Type of
equipment
Specifications recommended
Equipment
recommended
6
Power meter
Capability for waveguide sensors
R&S FS-Z60:
40 GHz to 60 GHz
R&S FS-Z75:
50 GHz to 75 GHz
R&S FS-Z90:
60 GHz to 90 GHz
R&S FS-Z110:
75 GHz to 110 GHz
R&S FS-Z60:
Anritsu ML4803A +
Anritsu MP715A4
24
7
Power sensor
Frequency range
R&S FS-Z60:
R&S FS-Z75:
R&S FS-Z90:
R&S FS-Z110:
R&S FS-Z75:
Agilent E4419A
V8486A
24
40 GHz to 60 GHz
50 GHz to 75 GHz
60 GHz to 90 GHz
75 GHz 110 GHz
Waveguide flange
R&S FS-Z60:
R&S FS-Z75:
R&S FS-Z90:
R&S FS-Z110:
UG-383/U-M
UG-385/U
UG-387/U
UG-387/U-M
Input VSWR
< 1.5 : 1
8
Attenuator
Meter noise
-30 dBm
Error (RSS)
4%
Attenuation
10 dB
VSWR
Waveguide flange
R&S FS-Z60:
R&S FS-Z75:
R&S FS-Z90:
R&S FS-Z110:
1.15 : 1
UG-383/U-M
UG-385/U
UG-387/U
UG-387/U-M
R&S Order
No.
Page
R&S FS-Z90:
Anritsu ML4803A +
Anritsu MP717A4
R&S FS-Z110:
Agilent E4419A
W8486A
R&S FS-Z60: Millitech
FXA-19-R10G0
24
R&S FS-Z75: Millitech
FXA-15-R10G0
R&S FS-Z90: Millitech
FXA-12-R10G0
R&S FS-Z110: Millitech
FXA-10-R10G0
9
Waveguide
transitions
required only for R&S FS-Z60:
V-coaxial male to WR-19 transition
Anritsu 35WR19V
24
6.2 Test Instructions
Consider the following when executing performance checks:
7
7
7
Prior to the performance check of the harmonic mixer, and after a warm-up time of
at least 30 minutes, a total calibration of the R&S
FSP/FSU/FSQ/FSUP/FSV/FSVR/FSW has to be carried out. Only in this case the
compliance with the guaranteed data can be ensured.
The settings are defined from the Preset state.
Values provided in the following sections are not guaranteed. Only the technical
specifications of the harmonic mixer data sheet are binding.
Conventions used to describe the measurement settings and procedures:
[<KEY>]
Press a key on the front panel, e.g., [SPAN]
[<SOFTKEY>] Press a softkey, e.g., [MARKER -> PEAK]
[<nn unit>]
Enter a value and terminate by entering the unit, e.g., [12 kHz]
Successive entries are separated by [:], e.g., [SPAN: 15 kHz]
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
23
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Checking Rated Specifications
Test Instructions
6.2.1 Checking the Conversion Loss
Test equipment:
- spectrum analyzer
(Table 6-1, Item 1)
- signal generator
(Table 6-1, Item 2)
frequency range
- power meter
(Table 6-1, Item 4)
- power sensor
(Table 6-1, Item 5)
frequency range
up to 2 GHz
up to 2 GHz
RSS error referred to indicated power
0.8 %
meter noise
- signal source
20 pW
(Table 6-1, Item 3)
-20 dBm < output level < -5 dBm
- attenuator
output VSWR
< 2.0 : 1
frequency range
R&S FS-Z60:
R&S FS-Z75:
R&S FS-Z90:
R&S FS-Z110:
40 GHz to 60 GHz
50 GHz to 75 GHz
60 GHz to 90 GHz
75 GHz to 110 GHz
waveguide flange
R&S FS-Z60:
R&S FS-Z75:
R&S FS-Z90:
R&S FS-Z110:
UG-383/U-M
UG-385/U
UG-387/U
UG-387/U-M
(Table 6-1, Item 8)
attenuator
VSWR
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
10 dB
1,15 : 1
frequency range
R&S FS-Z60:
R&S FS-Z75:
R&S FS-Z90:
R&S FS-Z110:
40 GHz to 60 GHz
50 GHz to 75 GHz
60 GHz to 90 GHz
75 GHz to 110 GHz
waveguide flange
R&S FS-Z60:
R&S FS-Z75:
R&S FS-Z90:
R&S FS-Z110:
UG-383/U-M
UG-385/U
UG-387/U
UG-387/U-M
24
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Checking Rated Specifications
Test Instructions
- power meter
(Table 6-1, Item 6)
capability for waveguide power sensors
- power sensor
(Table 6-1, Item 7)
- waveguide transition
meter noise
-30 dBm
RSS error
4%
input VSWR
< 1.5 : 1
frequency range
R&S FS-Z60:
R&S FS-Z75:
R&S FS-Z90:
R&S FS-Z110:
40 GHz to 60 GHz
50 GHz to 75 GHz
60 GHz to 90 GHz
75 GHz to 110 GHz
waveguide flange
R&S FS-Z60:
R&S FS-Z75:
R&S FS-Z90:
R&S FS-Z110:
UG-383/U-M
UG-385/U
UG-387/U
UG-387/U-M
(Table 6-1, Item 9)
required only for R&S FS-Z60
V-coaxial male to WR19
6.2.1.1
Determining the Absolute Level Error
This measurement determines the overall level error Lerr abs, which consists of the level
error of the used analyzer Lerr analyzer plus the level error of the used IF cable Lerr cable.
To measure the level error Lerr analyzer of the used spectrum analyzer, execute the B21
IF performance test described in the corresponding instrument manual.
The following instructions determine the level error Lerr cable of the used IF cable
Test setup:
connect power sensor (Table 6-1, Item 5) to the power meter (Table 6-1, Item 4)
and execute function ´ZERO´ when there is no signal applied to the power sensor.
connect power sensor directly to RF output of signal generator (Table 6-1, Item 2).
Signal
generator
settings:
- frequency
- level
Measurement:
404.4 MHz for FSP/FSQ/FSU/FSUP instruments
729.9 MHz for FSV/FSVR instruments
1330 MHz for FSW instruments
-10 dBm
determine output power of the signal generator with the power meter. To achieve
higher accuracy it is recommended to compensate the frequency response of the
power sensor.
connect the IF cable delivered with the B21 to RF output of the signal generator
and RF input of the power sensor.
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
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R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Checking Rated Specifications
Test Instructions
Evaluation:
The signal level measured directly at the RF output of the signal generator minus the
power measured with the IF cable between generator and power sensor is the level
error Lerr cable. The level error Lerr abs is sum of Lerr analyzer and Lerr cable
Lerr abs = Lerr analyzer + Lerr cable
The determined absolute error Lerr abs should be noted in Table 6-2 (Item 1) of the
performance test report.
6.2.1.2
Test setup:
Determining the Output Level of the Signal Source
connect power sensor (Table 6-1, Item 7) to the power meter (Table 6-1, Item 6)
and execute function ´ZERO´ when there is no signal applied to the power sensor.
connect power sensor via attenuator (Table 6-1, Item 8) to RF output of signal
source (Table 6-1, Item 3).
For R&S FS-Z60: Use waveguide transition V to WR19 (Table 6-1, Item 9) at the
output of the signal source to adapt it to the waveguide flange of the attenuator.
Signal
source
settings:
- level
- frequency
-8 dBm
ffresp
See Table 6-2 (Item 2) of performance test report for values of ffresp.
Power meter Determine signal level Lgen and note it in Table 6-2 (Item 2). To achieve higher accuracy
settings:
it is recommended to compensate the frequency response of the power sensor.
6.2.1.3
Test setup:
Determining the Conversion Loss of the Mixer
connect harmonic mixer via attenuator (Table 6-1, Item 8) to signal source Table
6-1, Item 3).
For R&S FS-Z60: Use waveguide transition V to WR19 Table 6-1,
Item 9) at the output of the signal source to adapt
it to the waveguide flange of the attenuator.
Connect front panel connector ‘LO OUT / IF IN’ of the used analyzer instrument with
connector ‘LO / IF’ of the harmonic mixer in case of a 2 port mixer.
In case of a 3 port mixer connect instrument front panel connector ‘LO OUT / IF IN’
with connector ‘LO’ of the harmonic mixer and ‘IF IN’ front panel connector with
connector ‘IF’ of the mixer. Use the coaxial cables delivered with the B21.
Signal
generator
settings:
- frequency
ffresp
See Table 6-2 (Item 3) of performance test report for values of ffresp..
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
26
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Checking Rated Specifications
Test Instructions
Analyzer
settings:
- [ PRESET ]
2
- enable external mixer support
- [ FREQ CENTER : {ffresp} ]
See Table 6-2 (Item 3) of performance test report for values of ffresp..
- select desired band of the measured mixer
•
Select desired band (R&S FS-Z60 band U, R&S FS-Z75 band V, R&S FS-Z90
band E, R&S FS-Z110 band W)
•
Select AVG CONV LOSS/dB table entry and set the conversion loss to 0 dB.
•
Select PORTS "2" for 2 port mixers and "3" for 3 port mixers in the mixer port
entry, respectively
- [ SPAN : 100 kHz ]
- [ BW : RES BW MANUAL : 10 kHz ]
- Set marker to peak [ MKR-> : PEAK ]
The signal level Lanalyzer is displayed by level reading of marker 1.
Evaluation:
The conversion loss can be calculated as follows:
aconv = Lgen - (Lanalyzer - Lerr abs)
Compare the measured values with the limits given in Table 6-2 (Item 3) of performance
test report.
6.2.2 Checking the Noise Display
Test setup:
Connect front panel connector ‘LO OUT / IF IN’ of the used analyzer instrument with
connector ‘LO / IF’ of the harmonic mixer in case of a 2 port mixer.
In case of a 3 port mixer connect instrument front panel connector ‘LO OUT / IF IN’
with connector ‘LO’ of the harmonic mixer and ‘IF IN’ front panel connector with
connector ‘IF’ of the mixer. Use the coaxial cables delivered with the B21.
2
For detailed information how to operate the external mixer settings please refer to the
operating manual of the used instrument.
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
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R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Checking Rated Specifications
Test Instructions
Analyzer
settings:
- [ PRESET ]
- enable external mixer support
- [ FREQ CENTER : {ffresp} ]
See Table 6-2 (Item 3) of performance test report for values of ffresp..
select desired band of the measured mixer
•
Select desired band (R&S FS-Z60 band U, R&S FS-Z75 band V, R&S FS-Z90
band E, R&S FS-Z110 band W)
•
Select AVG CONV LOSS/dB table entry and set the conversion loss to {aconv}.
See Table 6-2 (Item 3) of performance test report for value of aconv at {ffresp}
•
Select PORTS "2" for 2 port mixers and "3" for 3 port mixers in the mixer port
entry, respectively
- [ SPAN : 10 kHz ]
- [ BW : RES BW MANUAL : 1 kHz ]
- [ BW : VIDEO BW MANUAL : 10 Hz ]
- [ TRACE : AVERAGE ]
- [ TRACE : SWEEP COUNT : 30 ENTER ]
- [ AMPT : -35 dBm ]
- [ SWEEP : SINGLE SWEEP ]
- set marker to peak
[ MKR-> : PEAK ]
Evaluation:
The noise level is displayed by the level reading of marker 1. Compare the measured
values with the limits given in Table 6-2 (Item 4) of performance test report
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
28
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Checking Rated Specifications
Performance Test Report
6.3
Performance Test Report
The values given in the datasheet are the guaranteed limits. Due to measurement
errors these limits must be extended by the tolerance of the measuring equipment
used in this performance test.
Table 6-2: Performance test report
ROHDE & SCHWARZ
Performance Test Report
Harmonic Mixer
Version 07-Mar-2013
Model (R&S FS-Z60 / 75 / 90 / 110):
Order number:
Serial number:
Test person:
Date:
Signature:
Item No.
Characteristic
Test described
on page
1
Checking the
conversion loss
24
absolute error
2
Checking the
conversion loss
Min. value
-
Actual
value
________
Max. value
Unit
-
dB
-
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
24
output level Lgen of
signal source
ffresp
R&S FS-Z60:
40 GHz
41 GHz
42 GHz
43 GHz
44 GHz
45 GHz
46 GHz
47 GHz
48 GHz
49 GHz
50 GHz
51 GHz
52 GHz
53 GHz
54 GHz
55 GHz
56 GHz
57 GHz
58 GHz
59 GHz
60 GHz
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
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29
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Checking Rated Specifications
Performance Test Report
Item No.
Characteristic
Test described
on page
2
Checking the
conversion loss
24
Min. value
Actual
value
Max. value
Unit
-
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
-
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
output level Lgen of
signal source
ffresp
R&S FS-Z75:
50 GHz
51 GHz
52 GHz
53 GHz
54 GHz
55 GHz
56 GHz
57 GHz
58 GHz
59 GHz
60 GHz
61 GHz
62 GHz
63 GHz
64 GHz
65 GHz
66 GHz
67 GHz
68 GHz
69 GHz
70 GHz
71 GHz
72 GHz
73 GHz
74 GHz
75 GHz
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
30
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Checking Rated Specifications
Performance Test Report
Item No.
Characteristic
Test described
on page
2
Checking the
conversion loss
24
Min. value
Actual
value
Max. value
Unit
-
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
-
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
output level Lgen of
signal source
ffresp
R&S FS-Z90:
60 GHz
61 GHz
62 GHz
63 GHz
64 GHz
65 GHz
66 GHz
67 GHz
68 GHz
69 GHz
70 GHz
71 GHz
72 GHz
73 GHz
74 GHz
75 GHz
76 GHz
77 GHz
78 GHz
79 GHz
80 GHz
81 GHz
82 GHz
83 GHz
84 GHz
85 GHz
86 GHz
87 GHz
88 GHz
89 GHz
90 GHz
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
31
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Checking Rated Specifications
Performance Test Report
Item No.
Characteristic
Test described
on page
2
Checking the
conversion loss
24
Min. value
Actual
value
Max. value
Unit
-
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
-
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
output level Lgen of
signal source
ffresp
R&S FS-Z110:
75 GHz
76 GHz
77 GHz
78 GHz
79 GHz
80 GHz
81 GHz
82 GHz
83 GHz
84 GHz
85 GHz
86 GHz
87 GHz
88 GHz
89 GHz
90 GHz
91 GHz
92 GHz
93 GHz
94 GHz
95 GHz
96 GHz
97 GHz
98 GHz
99 GHz
100 GHz
101 GHz
102 GHz
103 GHz
104 GHz
105 GHz
106 GHz
107 GHz
108 GHz
109 GHz
110 GHz
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
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R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Checking Rated Specifications
Performance Test Report
Item No.
Characteristic
Test described
on page
3
Checking the
conversion loss
24
Min. value
Actual
value
Max. value
Unit
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
Conversion aconv of
harmonic mixer
ffresp
R&S FS-Z60, 4th
harmonic:
40 GHz
41 GHz
42 GHz
43 GHz
44 GHz
45 GHz
46 GHz
47 GHz
48 GHz
49 GHz
50 GHz
51 GHz
52 GHz
53 GHz
54 GHz
55 GHz
56 GHz
57 GHz
58 GHz
59 GHz
60 GHz
R&S FS-Z60, 6th
harmonic:
40 GHz
41 GHz
42 GHz
43 GHz
44 GHz
45 GHz
46 GHz
47 GHz
48 GHz
49 GHz
50 GHz
51 GHz
52 GHz
53 GHz
54 GHz
55 GHz
56 GHz
57 GHz
58 GHz
59 GHz
60 GHz
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
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______
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
33
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Checking Rated Specifications
Performance Test Report
Item No.
Characteristic
Test described
on page
3
Checking the
conversion loss
24
Min. value
Actual
value
Max. value
Unit
-
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
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______
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
Conversion aconv of
harmonic mixer
ffresp
R&S FS-Z75:
50 GHz
51 GHz
52 GHz
53 GHz
54 GHz
55 GHz
56 GHz
57 GHz
58 GHz
59 GHz
60 GHz
61 GHz
62 GHz
63 GHz
64 GHz
65 GHz
66 GHz
67 GHz
68 GHz
69 GHz
70 GHz
71 GHz
72 GHz
73 GHz
74 GHz
75 GHz
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
34
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Checking Rated Specifications
Performance Test Report
Item No.
Characteristic
Test described
on page
3
Checking the
conversion loss
24
Min. value
Actual
value
Max. value
Unit
-
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
Conversion aconv of
harmonic mixer
ffresp
R&S FS-Z90:
60 GHz
61 GHz
62 GHz
63 GHz
64 GHz
65 GHz
66 GHz
67 GHz
68 GHz
69 GHz
70 GHz
71 GHz
72 GHz
73 GHz
74 GHz
75 GHz
76 GHz
77 GHz
78 GHz
79 GHz
80 GHz
81 GHz
82 GHz
83 GHz
84 GHz
85 GHz
86 GHz
87 GHz
88 GHz
89 GHz
90 GHz
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
35
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Checking Rated Specifications
Performance Test Report
Item No.
Characteristic
Test described
on page
3
Checking the
conversion loss
24
Min. value
Actual
value
Max. value
Unit
-
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
Conversion aconv of
harmonic mixer
ffresp
R&S FS-Z110, 8th
harmonic:
75 GHz
76 GHz
77 GHz
78 GHz
79 GHz
80 GHz
81 GHz
82 GHz
83 GHz
84 GHz
85 GHz
86 GHz
87 GHz
88 GHz
89 GHz
90 GHz
91 GHz
92 GHz
93 GHz
94 GHz
95 GHz
96 GHz
97 GHz
98 GHz
99 GHz
100 GHz
101 GHz
102 GHz
103 GHz
104 GHz
105 GHz
106 GHz
107 GHz
108 GHz
109 GHz
110 GHz
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
36
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Checking Rated Specifications
Performance Test Report
Item No.
Characteristic
Test described
on page
3
Checking the
conversion loss
24
Min. value
Actual
value
Max. value
Unit
-
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
Conversion aconv of
harmonic mixer
ffresp
R&S FS-Z110, 10th
harmonic:
85 GHz
86 GHz
87 GHz
88 GHz
89 GHz
90 GHz
91 GHz
92 GHz
93 GHz
94 GHz
95 GHz
96 GHz
97 GHz
98 GHz
99 GHz
100 GHz
101 GHz
102 GHz
103 GHz
104 GHz
105 GHz
106 GHz
107 GHz
108 GHz
109 GHz
110 GHz
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
37
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Checking Rated Specifications
Performance Test Report
Item No.
Characteristic
Test described
on page
Min. value
Actual
value
Max. value
Unit
4
Checking the noise
display
27
R&S FS-Z60:
40 GHz
41 GHz
42 GHz
43 GHz
44 GHz
45 GHz
46 GHz
47 GHz
48 GHz
49 GHz
50 GHz
51 GHz
52 GHz
53 GHz
54 GHz
55 GHz
56 GHz
57 GHz
58 GHz
59 GHz
60 GHz
-
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
-110
-110
-110
-110
-110
-110
-110
-110
-110
-110
-110
-110
-110
-110
-110
-110
-110
-110
-110
-110
-110
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
R&S FS-Z75:
50 GHz
51 GHz
52 GHz
53 GHz
54 GHz
55 GHz
56 GHz
57 GHz
58 GHz
59 GHz
60 GHz
61 GHz
62 GHz
63 GHz
64 GHz
65 GHz
66 GHz
67 GHz
68 GHz
69 GHz
70 GHz
71 GHz
72 GHz
73 GHz
74 GHz
75 GHz
-
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
-98
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
ffresp
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
38
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Checking Rated Specifications
Performance Test Report
Item No.
Characteristic
Test described
on page
4
Checking the noise
display
27
Min. value
Actual
value
Max. value
Unit
-
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
-101
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
ffresp
R&S FS-Z90:
60 GHz
61 GHz
62 GHz
63 GHz
64 GHz
65 GHz
66 GHz
67 GHz
68 GHz
69 GHz
70 GHz
71 GHz
72 GHz
73 GHz
74 GHz
75 GHz
76 GHz
77 GHz
78 GHz
79 GHz
80 GHz
81 GHz
82 GHz
83 GHz
84 GHz
85 GHz
86 GHz
87 GHz
88 GHz
89 GHz
90 GHz
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
39
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Checking Rated Specifications
Performance Test Report
Item No.
Characteristic
Test described
on page
4
Checking the noise
display
27
Min. value
Actual
value
Max. value
Unit
-
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
-105
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
dBm
ffresp
R&S FS-Z110:
75 GHz
76 GHz
77 GHz
78 GHz
79 GHz
80 GHz
81 GHz
82 GHz
83 GHz
84 GHz
85 GHz
86 GHz
87 GHz
88 GHz
89 GHz
90 GHz
91 GHz
92 GHz
93 GHz
94 GHz
95 GHz
96 GHz
97 GHz
98 GHz
99 GHz
100 GHz
101 GHz
102 GHz
103 GHz
104 GHz
105 GHz
106 GHz
107 GHz
108 GHz
109 GHz
110 GHz
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
40
R&S FS-Z60/75/90/110
Index
Index
Cable loss.......................................................................... 14
Calibration ........................................................................... 5
total ................................................................................ 23
Calibration data.................................................................. 13
Checking
conversion loss............................................................... 24
Conventions for settings....................................................... 8
Conversion loss ................................................................. 14
frequency-dependent ........................................................ 5
Deviation
LO level from the ideal value........................................... 16
Error
absolute.......................................................................... 15
bandwidth ....................................................................... 15
IF amplifier...................................................................... 15
switching the bandwidth.................................................. 15
User Manual 1048.0242.02 - 01
Harmonic mixer.................................................................... 3
Insertion loss ..................................................................... 14
Level
accuracy ........................................................................... 4
correction.................................................................... 5, 14
error................................................................................ 25
Measurement
uncertainty...................................................................... 15
Mismatch ........................................................................... 16
Mixer.................................................................................... 4
Noise display ..................................................................... 27
Settings ............................................................................. 23
Spectrum analyzers ............................................................. 3
Troubleshooting ................................................................. 21
Uncertainty ........................................................................ 16
41