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V2CS KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips Process ECN-2 Technical Data and Crossover Information ©Eastman Kodak Company, 2004 August, 2004 Note: While the data presented are typical of production coatings, they do not represent standards which must be met by Kodak. Varying storage, exposure, and processing conditions will affect results. The company reserves the right to change and improve characteristics at any time. Table of Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed Control Strip - 35mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Important Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Control Strip Log Exposure Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ECN-2 Control Strip Exposed on KODAK VISION 200T Color Negative Film 5274 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ECN-2 Control Strip Exposed on KODAK VISION2 200T Color Negative Film 5217 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effects of Mechanical and Chemical Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developer Mechanical Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effects of Time and Temperature Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Developer Chemical Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effects of pH and CD-3 Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effects of NaBr and AF-2000 Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effects of Na2SO3 and Under and Over Replenishment Variations. Effects of Prebath Contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effects of CD-2 for CD-3 and Stop Bath Contamination . . . . . . . . Effects of Bleach Contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effects of F-34a Fixer and Final Rinse Contamination . . . . . . . . . . Effects of KI Contamination and Water Dilution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effects of Bacterial Na2S and Na2CO3 Contamination . . . . . . . . . . Control-Strip Crossover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Control-Strip Crossover for Process ECN-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MORE INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 9 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips, Technical Data and Crossover Information KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips Introduction Important Improvements KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips (Figure 1) are intended for the control of Process ECN-2 using the procedures described in KODAK Publication No. H-24, Manual for Processing KODAK Motion Picture Films, Module 1, Process Control. The first batch of KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips is code 5011 for 35 mm, CAT 152 0469 and code 5012 for 16 mm, CAT 152 0444. KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips incorporate several important improvements into the control strips for Process ECN-2. • A VISION2 emulsion is being used for process control. The new format is exposed on KODAK VISION2 200T Color Negative Film 5217, while the former ECN control strip was exposed on KODAK VISION 200T Color Negative Film 5274. Figure 1 Processed Control Strip - 35mm ECN-2 9071 Steps 4 HD KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips, Process ECN-2, are packaged in 100-foot rolls containing at least 120 exposures and a processed reference strip. The exposures on the roll are spaced at 9.5-inch intervals. Each exposure has 21 gray-scale steps at 0.20 log H increments (2/3 camera stop). The reference strip accompanying each roll was exposed along with all other control strips; it was then processed under specified well-controlled conditions. An instruction sheet enclosed with the package contains process deviation (correction) factors, if they are required, to determine your laboratory process aim numbers. A four-digit code number appearing on the carton, can, control strips, reference strips, and instruction sheet, identifies each production batch of strips. 8 MD 14 LD 21 D-min F009_0146CC KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips, Technical Data and Crossover Information 3 Control Strip Log Exposure Range The graphs in Figure 2 and Figure 3 demonstrate the differences between the former ECN control strip exposed on KODAK VISION 200T Color Negative Film 5274, and the new format exposed on KODAK VISION2 200T Color Negative Film 5217. Physically, the center-to-center step distance has been maintained on the new control strips; no problems should be encountered with existing automatic densitometers. Once the transition to the new control strips is complete, and the new control step reference values have been determined, continue to use KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips in the same manner as your previous control strips. Please contact your Kodak representative for additional information on monitoring your process with control strips. 4 KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips, Technical Data and Crossover Information Figure 2 ECN-2 Control Strip Exposed on KODAK VISION 200T Color Negative Film 5274 3.0 Exposure: 1/50 sec Process: ECN-2 Densitometry: Status M B G DENSITY 2.0 R 1.0 0.0 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds) KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips, Technical Data and Crossover Information 5 Figure 3 ECN-2 Control Strip Exposed on KODAK VISION2 200T Color Negative Film 5217 3.0 Exposure: 1/50 sec Process: ECN-2 Densitometry: Status M B G DENSITY 2.0 R 1.0 0.0 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 LOG EXPOSURE (lux-seconds) 6 KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips, Technical Data and Crossover Information Effects of Mechanical and Chemical Variations Figures 4 through 13 illustrate some of the major photographic effects of mechanical and chemical variations on KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips exposed on 5217 Film compared to the former VISION Control Strips exposed on 5274 Film. Each plot shows the effect of a change in a process variable (horizontal axis), on the dye density of the processed film (vertical axis). These density plots are deviated against the standard level for each variable (e.g. standard level for the variable is represented by zero density). The magnitude of the changes shown in these plots should not be considered to be process control limits. Also, the data presented are qualitative, not quantitative. The plots were derived from experiments using small laboratory machines in which all constituents were held constant except the variable being studied. Hence, the figures should be used only as trend charts and guides. If two or more process variable are changed, the resulting photographic effect illustrated may not be additive. Interactions can occur that produce effects other than those predicted by addition. The plots in this publication are representative only; they do not contain all possible solution problems. Most of the important photographic effects take place in the developer. KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips, Technical Data and Crossover Information 7 Developer Mechanical Factors Figure 4 Effects of Time and Temperature Variations —VISION2 Control Strips versus VISION Control Strips in Process ECN-2 Developer Time 5274 GREEN BLUE .05 B/W .10 R G B .15 .20 .25 R G R G B .15 R G .10 .10 .15 G V2CSQ_V2CSP_2 8 R G B B G R R G B B R G R G B .10 .10 R G .05 + 0 GR R B B B G R .05 B G .10 B R R sec G R sec R G B G B B G ˚F 110 B/W R G B B R G 108 BLUE .05 B R G 106 GREEN .05 + 0 104 RED .10 102 HD-LD R G B 110 B/W R R G B 108 BLUE B B G G R G 340 GREEN R 320 RED .10 300 D-min .05 240 B/W B R G R G B 220 BLUE R G B B B R G .05 + 0 340 GREEN B .10 220 RED R G B R .20 LD R G B .05 320 B/W 300 BLUE B G R B G R .05 + 0 240 GREEN R G B B R G B RED G B B .20 MD R .10 .05 + 0 RED B G R 106 HD R G .15 5274 B R G B .20 0000 5217 102 REFERENCE STRIP CODE NO. 5217 .25 104 AIM VALUES Temperature ˚F KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips, Technical Data and Crossover Information Developer Chemical Factors Figure 5 Effects of pH and CD-3 Variations —VISION2 Control Strips versus VISION Control Strips in Process ECN-2 Developer pH AIM VALUES REFERENCE STRIP CODE NO. CD-3 5217 5274 5217 5274 .25 .20 0000 HD B .15 GREEN BLUE .05 B/W .10 .15 R B G R B R B G R G .10 .05 + 0 RED G R R G B G B .20 R G .25 R B B G .20 B B G R .05 + 0 .05 .10 R G B R G .15 .20 V2CSN_V2CSD_2 G G B R B G R R .10 R .05 + 0 .05 .10 R B G R B G pH G R pH G R G B G R B G B R B R g/L KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips, Technical Data and Crossover Information B B G 5.50 .10 10.05 B/W G R B B B G R 4.75 BLUE R G B B R G 4.00 GREEN .05 B G R 2.25 RED .05 + 0 2.50 HD-LD B .10 5.50 B/W G R G 10.45 BLUE G R 10.35 GREEN B B G R B .10 10.25 RED B R B R G 10.15 D-min .05 B G R 10.05 B/W R G B 10.45 BLUE .05 + 0 B G R 10.35 GREEN .10 10.25 RED R B G 10.15 LD B G R G R R G B 4.75 B/W G R 4.00 BLUE .10 3.25 RED GREEN B 2.50 MD .15 g/L 9 Developer Chemical Factors Figure 6 Effects of NaBr and AF-2000 Variations —VISION2 Control Strips versus VISION Control Strips in Process ECN-2 Developer NaBr AIM VALUES REFERENCE STRIP CODE NO. AF-2000 5217 5274 5217 5274 .25 .20 0000 HD .15 B .10 G GREEN .05 + 0 BLUE .05 B/W .10 RED B G R R G R B R G B G R B R G B .15 B G R B G R .20 .25 .20 MD .15 .10 RED GREEN BLUE B/W .05 + 0 B B G R G R G B R R G B .05 .10 G R B R G B G R B G B R .15 .20 V2CSK_V2CSA_2 10 G R B G R B G R B G B R G R B B R G G B R .10 .10 g/L g/L ml/L 7.50 R B G B R G 6.25 R G B .05 G R B 5.00 G R B B G R 3.75 .05 + 0 2.50 .10 0.8 B/W .05 G R B 7.50 BLUE R G B 6.25 GREEN R G B B G R 5.00 RED G R B 3.75 HD-LD B G R 2.50 B/W .05 + 0 1.6 BLUE .10 1.4 GREEN G R B .10 1.2 RED .05 R G B 1.0 D-Min R B G G R 0.8 B/W B B G R 1.6 BLUE .05 + 0 1.4 GREEN .10 1.2 RED 1.0 LD ml/L KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips, Technical Data and Crossover Information Developer Chemical Factors Figure 7 Effects of Na2SO3 and Under and Over Replenishment Variations —VISION2 Control Strips versus VISION Control Strips in Process ECN-2 Developer Under and Over Replenishment Na 2 SO3 AIM VALUES REFERENCE STRIP CODE NO. 5217 5274 5217 5274 .25 .20 0000 HD .15 .10 GREEN .05 + 0 BLUE .05 B/W .10 RED R G R B G B G B R B G R G R B G B R R G R G B B .15 .20 .25 .20 MD .15 .10 RED GREEN BLUE B/W .05 + 0 B G B R G G R B G R G R .05 G R B B R B .10 B R R B G G .15 .20 V2CSL_V2CSR_2 R G B B B B G R G B R G R B .05 R G R R G B G .10 .10 .05 B G R R B G B G B R .10 g/L g/L G R G R G B g/L KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips, Technical Data and Crossover Information R G B R B +20% R 0.0 B G -20% .05 + 0 1.0 B/W B G R +20% BLUE R G B 0.0 RED GREEN .05 + 0 -20% HD-LD R B G G R .10 3.0 B/W R G B G R .10 2.5 BLUE B 2.0 RED GREEN .05 B B 1.5 D-min R G B G R 1.0 B/W G 3.0 BLUE B R 2.5 GREEN .05 + 0 2.0 RED .10 1.5 LD g/L 11 Developer Chemical Factors Figure 8 Effects of PB-C1 and PB-2 Prebath Contamination —VISION2 Control Strips versus VISION Control Strips in Process ECN-2 Developer Prebath PB-C1 AIM VALUES REFERENCE STRIP CODE NO. PB-2 5217 5274 5217 5274 .25 .20 0000 HD .15 .10 GREEN .05 + 0 BLUE .05 RED B/W R R B G .10 G B R G B .15 .20 G R B .25 .20 MD .15 .10 RED GREEN BLUE B/W .05 + 0 .05 G R G .10 B .15 G R B R G R B B .20 V2CSB_V2CSM_2 12 BR G mL/L mL/L mL/L 150.0 100.0 50.0 .10 B R G R B G 200.0 R GB .05 0.0 .05 + 0 0.0 B/W .10 200.0 BLUE .10 150.0 GREEN B .05 100.0 RED B G R B G R BGR 50.0 HD-LD GR 0.0 B/W .05 + 0 200.0 BLUE B .10 150.0 GREEN B B .10 100.0 RED .05 R G R G B G 50.0 D-Min R G 0.0 B/W R 200.0 BLUE .05 + 0 150.0 GREEN 100.0 RED .10 50.0 LD mL/L KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips, Technical Data and Crossover Information Developer Chemical Factors Figure 9 Effects of CD-2 for CD-3 and Stop Bath Contamination —VISION2 Control Strips versus VISION Control Strips in Process ECN-2 Developer Substitute CD-2 for CD-3 AIM VALUES REFERENCE STRIP CODE NO. 5217 .25 5274 5217 5274 R B G R B G Stop Bath .20 0000 HD .15 .10 GREEN .05 + 0 BLUE .05 B/W .10 RED R R G .15 B G .20 B .25 .20 MD B G R B G R .15 .10 RED GREEN BLUE B/W .05 + 0 .05 R G B .10 .15 R GB .20 V2CSC_V2CSO_2 B G R B G R .05 + 0 B g/L g/L mL/L KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips, Technical Data and Crossover Information R G B 100 R 75 B G 50 .10 25 .05 0 .10 100 B/W .10 75 BLUE R B G .05 50 GREEN B 25 RED G R 0 HD-LD R 2.0 B/W G 1.5 BLUE B R 1.0 GREEN B G .05 + 0 0.5 RED .10 0.0 D-min B R G B R G .10 2.0 B/W R .05 1.5 BLUE BG R 1.0 GREEN GB .05 + 0 0.5 RED .10 0.0 LD mL/L 13 Developer Chemical Factors Figure 10 Effects of Bleach Contamination —VISION2 Control Strips versus VISION Control Strips in Process ECN-2 Developer UL Bleach AIM VALUES REFERENCE STRIP CODE NO. 5217 5274 .25 .20 0000 HD .15 .10 GREEN .05 + 0 BLUE .05 B/W .10 RED R .15 G R B G .20 B .25 .20 MD .15 .10 RED GREEN BLUE B/W .05 + 0 .05 R R .10 G G B B R B G G R B R G B G R B .15 .20 HD-LD RED GREEN BLUE .10 .10 .05 + 0 V2CSU_2 14 G B R R G .05 B .10 0.0 B/W .05 mL/L 8.0 B/W 6.0 BLUE .05 + 0 4.0 GREEN .10 2.0 RED .10 0.0 D-Min 8.0 B/W .05 6.0 BLUE .05 + 0 4.0 RED GREEN .10 2.0 LD mL/L KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips, Technical Data and Crossover Information Developer Chemical Factors Figure 11 Effects of F-34a Fixer and Final Rinse Contamination —VISION2 Control Strips versus VISION Control Strips in Process ECN-2 Developer F-34a Fixer AIM VALUES REFERENCE STRIP CODE NO. Final Rinse 5217 5274 5217 5274 .25 .20 0000 .15 HD .10 RED GREEN .05 + 0 BLUE .05 B/W .10 R G B R G B R R G B B B G R G R .15 .20 .25 .20 MD .15 .10 RED GREEN BLUE B/W .05 + 0 B G B .05 B G R G R .10 .15 .20 V2CSF_V2CSE_2 R G B mL/L mL/L mL/L KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips, Technical Data and Crossover Information B R 400 200 G 300 B G 100 .10 R 0 .05 400 B/W .05 + 0 300 BLUE R B G .10 200 GREEN GB R .10 100 RED BG R .05 0 HD-LD R G B 1.00 B/W R G B 0.75 BLUE .05 + 0 0.50 GREEN B G R .10 0.25 RED B G R .10 0.0 D-min .05 1.00 B/W R G B R G B 0.75 BLUE .05 + 0 0.50 GREEN .10 0.25 RED 0.0 LD mL/L 15 Developer Chemical Factors Figure 12 Effects of KI Contamination and Water Dilution —VISION2 Control Strips versus VISION Control Strips in Process ECN-2 Developer Kl 5217 AIM VALUES REFERENCE STRIP CODE NO. Water Dilution 5274 5217 5274 .25 .20 0000 HD .15 .10 GREEN .05 + 0 BLUE .05 B/W .10 RED R G R G B B B B G R R G .15 .20 .25 .20 MD .15 .10 RED GREEN BLUE B/W B .05 + 0 R G .05 B R G B B G R G R .10 .15 .20 V2CSH_V2CSG_2 16 mg/L mg/L mL/L B GR B 400 R G 300 .10 200 .05 100 .05 + 0 0 B/W R G B .10 400 BLUE R G B B G R .10 300 RED GREEN B G R .05 200 HD-LD G R B 100 B/W .05 + 0 0 BLUE R G B .10 7.5 GREEN B G R .10 5.0 RED B G R .05 2.5 D-min G R B 0.0 B/W GR B 7.5 BLUE .05 + 0 5.0 GREEN .10 2.5 RED 0.0 LD mL/L KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips, Technical Data and Crossover Information Developer Chemical Factors Figure 13 Effects of Bacterial Na2S and Na2CO3 Contamination —VISION2 Control Strips versus VISION Control Strips in Process ECN-2 Developer Bacterial Na S Na 2 CO3 2 AIM VALUES REFERENCE STRIP CODE NO. 5217 5274 5217 5274 .25 .20 0000 HD .15 .10 GREEN .05 + 0 BLUE .05 B/W .10 RED G R B B R G G R B B R G B G R B G R B G R B G R G R B R G B G R B R B G .15 .20 .25 .20 MD .15 .10 RED GREEN BLUE B/W .05 + 0 .05 G R B R G B G R B R G B G B R R B G G R B R B G .10 .15 .20 mg/L mg/L g/L 45.6 35.6 25.6 15.6 5.6 .10 45.6 .05 0.0 B/W .05 + 0 35.6 BLUE .10 25.6 RED GREEN .10 15.6 HD-LD .05 5.6 B/W 2.0 BLUE .05 + 0 1.5 GREEN .10 1.0 RED .10 0.5 D-min .05 0.0 B/W 2.0 BLUE .05 + 0 1.5 GREEN 1.0 RED .10 0.5 LD g/L V2CSJ_V2CSI_2 KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips, Technical Data and Crossover Information 17 Control-Strip Crossover Important: During the inventory crossover from the old VISION Control Strips to the new VISION2 Control Strips, every effort should be taken in your operations to avoid switching back and forth. Your process control will be greatly simplified by depleting your supply of the VISION Control Strips (except for what is needed for crossover purposes) prior to utilizing the VISION2 Control Strips. There will come a time when you will need to begin using a new batch of control strips. A new batch means a new code number, not a fresh box of strips with the same code number. Please be aware no two batches of control strips are identical because of slight differences in product, exposures, process, etc. And therefore, the aim value numbers will not match (however, on rare occasions they could), even with the application of the deviation factors. When you first started using control strips, you had no previous reference and you set up your aim value parameters by reading the densities of the specified (D-min, LD, MD, HD, or D-max) control reference steps and applying the deviation numbers supplied with that batch. Using a new batch of strips is really no different, except you will have a new set of aim numbers, As the time approaches to change to a new batch (code), you will want to make a “crossover” from the current, or old batch. Crossover simply means to adapt to a change in aim numbers, not a change in processing technique. You should begin the crossover with at least a week’s supply of strips still available (never wait until you run out). The crossover to a new batch lets you get a “feel” for the new set of aim numbers. Do not attempt to match the new aim numbers to the old ones. If you do, you probably will find it necessary to change the mechanical and/or chemical specifications of the process, and this will most likely lead to a non-conforming unacceptable process. You will notice some differences in the way the new batch trends as compared to the previous batch. this is a normal batch-tobatch variation, and is to be expected. If you are unable to maintain a plot within your action limits with the new control-strip batch, call your Kodak representative to assist you. 18 Use the following crossover procedure each time a new code number is put into service: • Determine the aim values for the new batch, the same as you did for the current or old batch by reading the specified steps (D-min, LD, MD, and HD or D-max) of the reference strip and applying the correction factors. If there is more than one roll of the same batch, average the corresponding step densities for all reference strips in the batch, then apply the correction factors. • Process an old and new control strip simultaneously at least three separate times. Do this at different times of the day, and better yet, on different days, until you have a number of pairs. During this time, continue to control the process with data from the old strips. • Post the new aim values on the same form as the old, leaving an appropriate space between the two aim sets (as illustrated in Figure 14). This way you can see the differences of each control strip reaction at a glance. You will observe the tracking of the “old” batch as compared to the “new” batch, with each plotted to its individual set of aim numbers. Both should be tracking in similar directions, but not exactly. However, they still should be within the same action and control limits. Please remember, no matter how the aim densities differ in numerical value, you still use each set as your zero (0) reference line. • Once you are comfortable with the new batch of control strips, use a new H-24F or Y-55 form to separate and not confuse the old and new aim numbers while making the daily notations. • If, for some reason, there is a need to adjust the process to conform to the new batch of control strips to new action and control limits, cease processing and evaluate the entire system. Such a need for change indicates a fundamental system difficulty, which most likely involves all aspects of the process, not necessarily a problem with the new batch of control strips. If difficulty continues, contact your Kodak technical representative. KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips, Technical Data and Crossover Information Figure 14 Control-Strip Crossover for Process ECN-2 EASTMAN Process Record Form (H-24F) CONTROL NUMBER AIM VALUES .25 C U R R E N T N E W Control Strip Crossover Process ECN-2 .20 .15 .10 HD 1.39 RED 1.88 GREEN R-1.19 G-1.69 B-1.98 .05 + 0 Code 8051 .05 2.24 BLUE .10 B/W .15 .20 .25 .20 MD .15 .10 RED GREEN BLUE R-0.85 G-0.97 B-0.93 1.00 1.49 1.99 .05 + 0 .05 B/W .10 .15 .20 LD .10 RED GREEN BLUE CB action = 0.06 CB control = 0.08 R-0.33 G-0.72 B-1.05 0.34 0.75 1.32 .05 + 0 .05 B/W D-Min .10 .10 RED GREEN BLUE R-0.15 G-0.54 B-0.95 0.11 0.54 0.95 .05 + 0 .05 B/W HD-LD RED GREEN BLUE .10 .10 CB action = 0.07 CB control = 0.09 R-0.86 G-0.97 B-0.93 1.05 1.13 0.92 .05 + 0 .05 B/W .10 DATES 12 10 m 1p PROCESS MACHINE F009_0143EC 10 m 4p 12 11 m 4a 11 ECN-2 #1 Reference Strip Code No. m 1p 11 m 4p 12 12 m 8a 12 m 1p 12 m 4p 12 12 12 10 11 12 m 1p m 1p m 1p EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY ROCHESTER, NY 14650 7121 KODAK Publication No. H-24F Kodak and Eastman are trademarks. KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips, Technical Data and Crossover Information Printed in U.S.A. 19 KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips MORE INFORMATION Outside the United States and Canada, please contact your Kodak representative. You can also visit our web site at www.kodak.com/go/ motion for further information. You may want to bookmark our location so you can find us easily the next time. KODAK VISION2 Color Negative Control Strips KODAK Publication No. V2CS Kodak, VISION, and VISION2 are trademarks. Revised 5-05 Printed in U.S.A.
