Download SGC Smartuner SG-235 Specifications

SG-235
Smartuner
®
Microprocessor Controlled Automatic Antenna Coupler
Installation and Operations Manual
Getting the most from every watt of HF-SSB Power
HF-SSB COMMUNICATIONS:
THE POWER TO LOCK IN THE WORLD.
Globally, HF-SSB has literally changed the world. For a minimal investment, it has allowed millions of people - often in
amazingly remote settings, often in emergency conditions - to reliably bounce clear voice and data signals across a state,
across a continent, over an ocean, or around the world. Without satellites, relay stations, cellular nets, stadium sized antennas or huge user fees. Just some fine equipment, a smart operator and nature's own ionosphere make this possible.
For nearly 30 years, the perfection of HF SSB has been the focus and the life of our company. Our efforts have not gone
unnoticed. Today, SGC is a prominent choice of leading corporations, governments, relief agencies, paramilitary organizations, mariners, aviators, explorers, and
scientists - all over the world. They trust
our engineering and they value our experience.
A vital part of our company's strategy centers around new product development, with an emphasis on providing
quality equipment which remains rugged,
reliable and competitively priced. We are
focused on providing customer service of
the highest standard. Our commitment is
to product training and comprehensive
after sales support. Today, SGC is recognized as a world class designer and manufacturer of HF SSB communications products.
At SGC we build communications power tools. Next generation HF-SSB radios, antennas, amplifiers and coupler systems that squeeze more range and clarity out of every watt of HF SSB communications power, are the technology and innovations that have helped SGC emerge as a cutting edge player in the expanding world of HF-SSB.
Actually, SGC was the first company to perfect and mass produce solid-state HF SSB radios, more than 20 years ago.
Today, our focus is an ever higher level of HF SSB refinement and performance. All focused on creating HF SSB voice and
data communications systems that are so user friendly
and so powerful, they allow every SGC user to easily
lock in the world. SGC - HF SSB Power Tools!
Pierre B. Goral, President
SG-235 Manual
SG-235
ANTENNA
COUPLER
Installation and Operations Manual
Prepared: September 1998
C A U T I O N : Carefully read the ÒQuick StartÓ on the following page and all pertinent sections of this manual
prior to operating your Smartuner for the first time. This
unit will provide outstanding service if you follow the
detailed recommendations within this manual.
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
3
© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
Quick Start Guide
Remote Manual Tuning
To quickly install your antenna coupler you will need the following:
1.
An HF radio installation with 3 to 500 watts output.
2.
An HF antenna with a single wire feed (not coax fed).
Minimum length of 50 feet (from 3.0 MHz) or 300 feet (from 1.8 MHz).
3.
A good ground (counterpoise) for the antenna and coupler
4.
+12 VDC and ground for the coupler.
5.
SmartLock PRO coupler controller
Connect the coupler to the system as shown in the following diagram:
To transmitter/Amplifier
(3 to 500W)
RG 58
Single wire
Antenna
(To Linear Amp)
Black: DC Ground
Red: +12 to 15 VDC
Gray: PTT Out to Linear
(active low) *
Ground(Counterpoise)
Blue: Reset
Brown: PTT In
from transceiver
White: Hold (Locks coupler settings)
Green: Tuned Indicator
Black/Yellow stripe: DC Ground
Red: +12 to 15 VDC
Yellow: RS232
Purple: Receive
(TO SmartLock PRO)
Orange: Transmit
Blk/Wht: Ground
(TO RS232)
12 conductor plus RG-58 coax
Optional connection not requred for normal use.
Operation:
1.
Turn on radio. Apply +12 VDC power to the coupler.
2.
As power is applied, coupler should make one ÓclickÓ sound. Coupler comes up in the
bypass (untuned) state.
3.
To tune, speak normally, whistle, or use CW (CW is recommended).
4.
Tuning is done at a maximum of 100 watts. Once radio is tuned, the Gray wire transitions from
5V to GND and acts as a switch to turn on a 500W linear amplifier.
Note: Coupler must be used in manual PTT mode.
5.
4
© 1998 SGC Inc
When tuned, clicking stops and Green wire goes low.
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
SG-235 Manual
Table of Contents
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
General information
8
1.1
Experience Levels of Users
8
1.2
What is an Antenna Coupler?
8
1.3
Overall Description
10
1.4
Coupler Network Configuration
11S
1.5
Operation Indicators
11
1.6
Mechanical Configuration
12
1.6.1
Marine Installation
12
1.6.2
Desert and High Temperature Mounting
13
1.6.3
Extremely Cold Temperatures
13
1.7
Remote Installations
14
1.8
Upgrade Sequences
15
Specifications - SG-235
16
2.1
16
Accessories
Parts Furnished
17
3.1
User Supplied Items
17
3.2
Technical Support
17
Antenna Types
19
4.1
Selection
20
4.2
Whip Antenna -2.5 - 3.0 METERS
20
4.3
Whip Antenna - 7.0 -8.5 meter (23 ft)
20
4.4
Longwire Antenna - 23 meter (75 ft) & 46 meter (150 ft)
20
4.5
Backstay Antennas
21
Typical Installations
22
5.1
Apartment Loop Antenna
28
5.2
Recreational Vehicle (RV) Antennas
29
5.4
Aircraft Antennas
30
5.5
Low Profile, Hidden and Covert Antennas
31
5.5
Emergency Antennas
32
5.6
Kite Antenna
32
5.7
Tactical Installations
33
5.8
Tactical Antenna Supports
33
5.9
Tactical Grounds and Counterpoises
34
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
5
© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
6
© 1998 SGC Inc
General Notes on Antennas and Couplers
34
6.1
Steps to Antenna Installation
36
6.2
Antenna Location
36
6.3
Ground Systems - General
38
6.3.1
Vehicle Grounds
38
6.3.2
Marine Grounds
38
6.3.3
Base Station Grounds
39
6.4
Corrosion
40
6.5
Antenna Tuner Mounting
41
6.6
Antenna Connection
41
Installation Procedures
42
7.1
Installation with SG-2000
42
7.2
Installation with SG-500 or other 500-watt amplifiers
43
7.3
Smartlock Pro Installation
43
7.4
Weatherdeck Mounting
45
Electrical Checkout
45
8.1
Alternate Electrical Checkout
47
8.2
Coupler Configuration
51
8.3
Tuning Process
51
8.4
Impedance Detector
52
8.5
VSWR Detector
52
8.6
Phase Detector
52
8.7
The Control Device (CPU -CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT)
53
8.8
Initialization
53
8.9
Information Read
54
8.10
Bypass Operation Jumpers
54
Tuning Process and Options
55
9.1
Program Description
56
9.2
Tuning Algorithms or Paths
57
9.3
Antenna Too Short
58
9.4
Antenna Too Long
59
9.5
J-2 - Tuning Elements out During Receive
59
9.6
J-3 - Tune From Memory
60
9.7
JP3- PTT OUT CONTROL
61
Smartlock PRO Opteration
61
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
SG-235 Manual
11.0
10.1
Tune, Tune Lock, and Reset
61
10.2
Smartlock PRO Notes
61
Quick Start Guide - Remote Manual Tuning
62
Troubleshooting the SG-235 - General
63
11.1
Ground Faults
63
11.2
Antenna Faults
64
11.3
Transmitter Faults
66
11.4
A Final Pointer on Troubleshooting
67
Warranty Information
68
Schematics
Appendix - QMS System
QMS Brochure
SG-500 SmartPowerCube Brochure
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
7
© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
1.0 General Information
The Smartunerª reputation has grown to legend status because it is simple to
use and highly reliable. A Smartuner will provide maximum transfer of radio
energy from any HF transmitter to any end-fed HF antenna within the frequency and power limits of its specifications. The SG-235 is a high-powered
cousin of the SG-230PRO. It provides many of the same features: a new microcontroller which has built-in A/D functions, non-volatile memory, and serial
communications capabilities which allow manual tuning using an RS-232 connection and PC. The optional RS-232 should be used only for special applications and is
not necessary if used in normal applications.
This document is designed to guide the SG-235 user through installation and
operation of the unit. This document will also recommend various steps which
may be undertaken in the field to provide correct operation of the SG-235 should
difficulty be encountered. Smartuners are extraordinarily reliable. But you
should be aware that scores of fine points to any HF installation can easily be
overlooked and may cause difficulty. This manual should help you quickly to
obtain the best possible performance from your HF radio installation and to
avoid most of the pitfalls which can degrade the performance of your HF system.
1.1 Experience Levels of Users
The Smartunerª may be installed successfully by anyone who follows the
instructions in this manual. However, if you are inexperienced in HF radio
installation and operation, seeking advice from people with more experience
will help you achieve good results quickly and with minimum frustration.
Even the most experienced professional HF users will occasionally run into
difficulty.
Regardless of the level of your experience, SGC stands ready to offer you
installation suggestions and to help you resolve any aspect of Smartunerª
operation which is not entirely satisfactory. If you have a specific question,
please send us a fax at our Bellevue, Washington (USA) headquarters. The
number is (425) 746-6384. If you require telephone assistance, please call us at
(425) 746-6310 during business hours, 8:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. Pacific Time.
1.2 What Is an Antenna Coupler?
Antenna ÒcouplersÓ are placed at the antenna and match conditions of the
antenna to the feed line in a very precise manner. Antenna Òtuners,Ó on the
other hand, are generally located at the transmitter output end of the coaxial
feed line. Do not be confused by the term ÒcouplerÓ and Òtuner.Ó
8
© 1998 SGC Inc
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
SG-235 Manual
¥ A tuner placed at the transmitter loads up the feedline as well as
the antenna (so that the feedline radiates).
¥ A coupler installed at the antenna eliminates feed line losses by
providing a proper match of the antenna to the feed line. The
Smartuner is a true antenna coupler.
We will emphasize these key points throughout this manual to yield the best
possible operation of your Smartuner. These include:
¥ The coupler must be located at the antenna.
¥ No coax may be connected to the coupler output.
¥ The coupler must have clean 12 VDC power supplied to it.
¥ The ground system must always be larger than the antenna.
¥ The antenna wire should be of the largest gauge practical.
¥ Capacitance at the coupler output must be minimal.
¥ The antenna must be of sufficient length for your lowest operating
frequency.
Strictly observing these basic rules will ensure good operations under the
widest range of conditions.
PLEASE MAKE NOTE OF THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION FOR YOUR RECORDS:
Date unit was Purchased: _______/_______/_______
Dealer from whom purchased: ____________________________
Date installed: _______/_______/_______
Type of antenna used: ___________________________________
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
9
© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
1.3 Overall Description
The SG-235 is a general purpose coupler which can operate with any type of
HF radio and almost any type of antenna configuration. The coupler network
configuration is of a ¹ or L type; sensors continually monitor the state of the
tuning and relay this information to the processor.
Tune. The initial (first time) tuning may take several milliseconds to a few seconds depending on the complexity of the tuning process for a specific antenna
configuration. After tuning the first time for a specific frequency and antenna, this information is entered in the nonvolatile computer memory, which
will store up to 170 tuning solutions.
Retune. When the same conditions are encountered again, re-tuning is accomplished within 10 milliseconds by recalling the information from the nonvolatile memory. Special software designed by SGC assures accurate and fine
tuning of the coupler. For software description, refer to the MicroTuneª section (9.0) of the manual.
If antenna or transmitter conditions have changed since the information was
stored in memory, SG-235 retunes and achieves a new tuning solution. This
new information is stored to memory for future reference. Important: the
Smartunerª will always look for the best possible tuning solution and will
improve existing tuning solutions whenever possible.
The SG-235 may be bypassed and your antenna used as a broadband receiving
antenna. To do this, turn off the power to the coupler for two seconds and then
turn it back on (or simply press the reset button on the SmartLock Pro). The
coupler is now reset to stand-by, waiting for the first RF power to be transmitted before providing a tuning solution. In the stand-by mode, the antenna
bypasses tuning elements and connects directly to the receiver with no tuning elements engaged, allowing reception of signals throughout the HF range.
The coupler will cease to operate normally if input voltage drops below 10.5
VDC
¥ if a marginal battery is used, or
¥ if you are transmitting at high power with an inadequate power
supply or battery.
Batteries must be fully charged for proper operation. Large gauge wiring to
the transmitter and coupler must be used to avoid retuning.
10
© 1998 SGC Inc
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
SG-235 Manual
If broadband operation is required during scanning operations, jumper JP-2
on the printed circuit board inside the coupler may be set to the ÒYESÓ mode.
This will bypass tuning elements on Receive. Jumper JP-2 is located adjacent to
the shield along the edge of the printed circuit board.
In some cases, it may be desirable to re-tune the coupler and bypass the memory information. If you wish to bypass the recalled tuning solutions, place
jumper JP-1, also located near U2, to the ÒNOÓ position.
Note: The SG-235 can be forced to retune in every new frequency, even if JP-1
is set to ÒYes,Ó by the following operations of the Smartlock:
1.
Engage ÒTune lock.Ó
2.
Press Reset once.
3.
Disengage ÒTune lock.Ó
(See Section 9.2.)
1.4 Coupler Network Configuration
The coupler network configuration is designed with 64 different input capacitor values, 32 output capacitor values, and 256 inductor values, thus providing
about a half million different ¹ or L configurations. The coupler requires an
input of 5 to 500 watts to operate.
1.5 Operation Indicators
Operational status of the coupler and the onboard computerÕs tuning decisions
is displayed by five LEDs, which are located on the microcontroller unit (MCU)
printed circuit board (PCB). These indicators are visible only when the cover
of the coupler is removed. These five LEDs are not designed to be interpreted
by other than factory and trained service personnel.
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
11
© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
CAUTION:
Dangerous high voltages exist inside the Smartuner when it is operated with an HF transmitter. High RF voltages in excess of 10 kv
may be expected in normal operation of this unit. In addition to
shock hazard, these RF voltages may produce burns which are very
painful if you come in contact with exposed components. Therefore,
DO NOT operate without the cover secured in place unless you are a
well experienced radio technician or engineer.
As a matter of good installation and engineering practice, exposed
metal antenna elements should be located in such a manner as to
prevent accidental contact with people (especially young children),
pets, and small animals.
1.6 Mechanical Design
The SG-235 is supplied in a weather proof case with two mounting brackets. RF
and DC power are supplied to the unit through the same cable. This special
cable comprises a 50-ohm coaxial cable and 12 conductors. The 12 conductor
wires include the ground, the positive power lead, the optional SmartLock control, and the optional LED indicator.
The SG-235 antenna couplerÕs weatherproof case will withstand the environmental conditions encountered aboard ship when mounted on a weatherdeck.
The internal construction is designed to withstand the shock and vibration of
marine service. Corrosion-resistant hardware and passive alloys are employed
throughout.
We do not recommend opening the Smartuner case unless it is necessary. For
99% of installations, the factory settings for jumpers will be correct. Should
you have occasion to open the case, use care to ensure the sealing gasket is
placed properly to maintain watertight integrity of the unit.
Although the Smartuner is solidly built, good installation practice calls for
additional protection from the elements.
SGC makes the following recommendations:
1.6.1 Marine Mounting
The Smartuner should be located inside the house or under the aft lazaret on a
sailboat. On power boats, the coupler may be mounted outside, but additional
12
© 1998 SGC Inc
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
SG-235 Manual
protective housing is recommended. The preferred installation if vertical is
with the standoff insulator pointing upward.
A stuffing gland for the RF and DC cables is provided on the lower edge of
the weather housing, along with a 1/4-20 stainless steel ground stud. The
antenna connects to the ceramic insulator on top of the weather housing.
The SG-235 may be mounted in any position, including inverted, without
any degradation of performance. If the coupler is to be exposed to long periods of high vibration, such as aboard helicopters or tug boats, installation of
the optional shock mounting is recommended.
1.6.2 Hot climate and High Temperature Installations
The Smartuner may be used in hot climates on a continuous basis if some
additional protection from direct sunlight is provided. The best protection
for a mobile installation is provided by the QMS (Quick Mounting System)
which keeps the antenna coupler outside of a vehicle. Temperatures inside a
vehicle may exceed 212¡F (100¡ C). If a QMS is not used, keep the coupler in
the shade if possible. Please refer to the diagram in the following section.
1.6.3 Extremely Cold Temperature Installations
Your Smartuner will operate down to specified temperatures. We recommend placing the Smartuner under some kind of housing other than the
case to prevent heavy build up of ice. If you are mounting on a tower in an
extreme climate, a plastic wastebasket (such as those made by Rubbermaidª)
makes an excellent weather cover and costs only a few dollars.
Long wire antenna
Smartuner mounted inside a plastic waste
basket to protect it from extreme heat and
heavy icing. This type of enclosure is widely
available in all countries.
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
13
© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
1.7 Remote Installations
The SG-235 is supplied with a standard 25 feet of cable.
If necessary, the coupler can be installed up to 100 feet from the transmetter.
However, SGC does not recommend installing the Smartuner more than 100
feet from the transmitter because two losses must be considered.
¥ The first loss in long distance installations is normal attenuation of
the radio signal coming from the transmitter to the antenna via the coax. (The
longer the coaxial cable run, the higher the loss.) The amount of loss depends
on frequency. At 2 MHz, the loss is approximately .5 dB, while at 30 MHz the
loss in 100 feet of coaxial cable is over 2 dB. (A 100 watt transmitter at 30 MHz
would actually deliver about 70 watts to the antenna after running through
100 feet of coax.)
If you are seeking the utmost performance at 30 MHz and you cannot avoid a
run of 100 feet, or longer, we recommend using a larger low-loss type of coax
such as RG-8 (foam dielectric) or Belden type 9943 coax. Both of these will reduce attenuation to under 1 dB per 100 feet at frequencies below 30 MHz. You
should be aware that this heavier cable is less easy to work and may be quite
expensive.
¥ The second loss which must be considered is that in the DC power and
reset control line. At any distance other than the 25 foot cable which is supplied by SGC, we recommend that the DC voltage at the antenna coupler be
measured. (If the coupler voltage drops below 10 volts, the coupler may not
operate properly.) For this reason, SGC recommends that if distances are
great, the input DC voltage at the transmitter site be adjusted to provide for +12
to +14 volts at the coupler site.
We do specifically advise against use of a different power supply than the one
used to power the radio because of the danger of creating ground loops.
Ground loops may cause oscillation of the final amplifiers or other undesired
side effects. If you decide to use a separate power supply mounted at the antenna coupler location, please be advised that SGC does not provide technical support in this area.
14
© 1998 SGC Inc
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
SG-235 Manual
1.8 Upgrade Sequence
The current version of the SG-235 coupler will have a revision letter located
on the printed circuit board. To continue moving forward in coupler design,
the SG-235 may be revised as needed. Later revisions of the coupler will be
denoted by the subsequent letters of the alphabet. The SG-235 contains all the
latest revisions of the standard SG-230PRO to ensure the user is acquiring all
the benefits of the SG-230PRO along with the added benefits of the SG-235.
SGC will continue making incremental improvements in the Smartuner product. When you buy your product today and a new feature is added, you can
always upgrade for modest fees to the latest version of the unit. If you would
like to upgrade to the latest version of the unit, contact SGC because special
discounts are always provided to our valued customers.
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
15
© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
2.0 Specifications - SG-235
HF Frequency Range:
1.8 to 30.0 MHz
Note: The SG-235 may be operated as low as 1.6 MHz and is
commonly used as an antenna matching unit for differential GPS transmitter
site antennas. However, when operated under these conditions, a longer
antenna is recommended, such as a 360 foot tower section for operation in the
1700-1710 kHz band and an appropriately larger counterpoise. In addition,
inductor heating may become pronounced at high power levels in the SG-235Õs
inductors that are commonly used at these frequencies. To extend your
frequency range, we recommend 350 watts at 1700 kHz and 250 watts at 1600 kHz
on a continuous basis.
Power Input Range:
Input Impedance Range:
VSWR: (Typical)
DC Input Requirement:
DC Operating Range:
Input Current:
Random set time:
Recurrent set time:
Antenna Length:
Installation:
Operating Temperature:
Size:
Weight:
Case Construction:
Control Cable:
3 to 500 watts (PEP)
45 to 55 ohms
Typically less than 1.4:1
+13.6 VDC
+10.5 to +15 VDC
Average: .9 amps
Typical: less than 2 seconds
Typical: less than 10 milliseconds
Minimum length of 50 ft. Ñ3.0 to 30 MHz
Minimum length of 300 ft. Ñ1.8 to 30 MHz
SG-303Ñ9 feet from 3.5 to 30MHz
Any position
-35¡ to +70¡C
16 x 12 x 3 inches
8 pounds (3.5 kilos)
Plastic ABS weatherproof case
SGC special cable, 25 ft. coaxial and 12 interconnect wires
(replaceable by any standard cable plus remote tune LED wire)
2.1 Accessories
Shock Mounting Tray. SGC Part Number 54-50
16
© 1998 SGC Inc
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
SG-235 Manual
3.0
P ar t s F u r nished (u np ack ing )
Antenna Coupler
25 foot special cable (RG-58 plus 12 conductors in a single jacket)
Instruction Manual
SmartLock PRO coupler controller with 25 foot cable.
3.1
User Supplied Items
The user of the SG-235 will need to supply a suitable HF radio antenna. Such
an antenna may be as simple as an 23 foot long piece of wire and several
ground/counterpoise radials of 23 feet or longer. The longer the antenna,
up to about 300 feet, the better all around performance will be. Longer
antennas may be used, but please refer to sections on antennas limitations.
The user will also have to supply a good counterpoise. Such a counterpoise is
a large metal surface (much larger electrically than the antenna).
Generally, the bigger the counterpoise, the better your signal will be.
3.2
Technical Support
Before contacting SGC for technical support, please take a few minutes to
think through your installation and ask if there is anything obvious which
you have overlooked in the installation. Check to make sure your ground
system is both adequate and tight and that proper voltage is supplied to the
coupler.
In the event you experience difficulty with your SG-235 antenna coupler,
you should contact SGC for technical advise. Before calling, we ask you to
have the following information ready so that we may readily assist you.
Coupler Information
Please have the serial number of your coupler,
the name of the dealer from whom the unit was purchased and the approximate date of purchase.
A n t e n n a I n f o r m a t i o n Please be ready to describe your antenna installation. You will need to advise us whether the antenna is a wire type, a dipole,
vee, vertical, long wire or whip antenna.
Ground System
You should be ready to describe your ground system in
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© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
detail. If you are dealing with a marine installation, you should have a
description of the vessel's bonding system. If you are using the coupler in a
mobile setting, you should be able to describe bonding of the hood, trunk
and other vehicle parts which may have been done. In an aircraft, you
should be able to describe the location of the coupler and the type of ground
connection used.
Power supply voltage
One of the common mistakes made when
installing couplers is to assume that a connection is good when it hasn't
been measured. If you experience any type of erratic or intermittent operation, please measure the power supply voltage inside the coupler.
Describe Tuner behavior
If you are having a problem, determine if it
is happening all the time or only part of the time. Does the problem occur
only on certain frequencies? Does the problem only happen in certain
modes? This type of information is extremely useful in quickly isolating
your problem.
Be patient
Finding the reason for less than ideal system operation may
take one telephone call or it may take several calls. Regardless of how complex the problem is, your SGC representative will be able to walk you
through the process of solving your problem in a logical step-by-step manner. There is nothing magic about HF. Although it may seem so at times, the
rules of physics don't change.
The Smartuner and accessories will always
give top performance when carefully installed.
18
© 1998 SGC Inc
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SG-235 Manual
4.0
Antenna Types
R e co m m e n d e d A n t e n n a s
SG-105 - Marine and Base station antenna.
This is a 60-foot end-fed long wire type
antenna. SGC Part Number 55-10.
SG-114 - Base station antenna. 200 feet
SGC Part Number 55-14
SG-203 - Marine 28-foot whip antenna.
This antenna is used for most power boat
installations. SGC Part Number 55-23.
SG-303 - High performance 9-foot whip
antenna. This dual element antenna is
designed for severe marine and land mobile
service. SGC Part Number 55-27.
QMS-3 - Quick Mounting System which
houses SG-235 Smartuner and also provides
a sturdy mounting platform for the SG-303
antenna system. Designed for rapid
installations requiring no-holes
installation of high performance HF
antenna system. SGC Part Number 55-48.
The automatic antenna tuner is designed for use with end-fed unbalanced
antennas such as whips and long wires. The radiating portion of the antenna is connected directly to the tuner through a high voltage insulator. It is
extremely important that the antenna type, site location and grounding
technique be correctly chosen so that the system will radiate effectively.
Broadband resonant antennas (e.g. log periodic) that cover the full range of
the system may be used with the tuner if desired. Narrow band resonant
antennas, such as dipoles, vee's and inverted vee's may only be used if the
antenna VSWR (including coaxial feeder) is less than, or equal to 3:1 at the
operating frequency.
Note that if a dipole or Vee type antenna; is used, the antenna may be operated at any frequency within the range of the coupler if each side of the vee
or dipole is 23 feet or longer. In addition, the SG-235 is just as happy feeding
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© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
a conventional Vee antenna as an inverted Vee. The coupler is very flexible
in this regard.
4.1
Antenna Selection
The automatic antenna tuner will operate into almost any end fed antenna
with a length of 2.5 meters or more, provided an effective ground is used.
The antenna efficiency will be proportional to length and in most applications will be maximum at a length of 1/4 wavelength. This means that the
longest possible antenna should be selected for each installation.
Very short antennas are only recommended when there is no other alternative such as in a vehicular mobile installation. The performance of short
whip antennas is usually very poor, particularly at the lower frequencies,
and radiation efficiency will be only a few percent of a full sized antenna.
However, a special electrically long antenna such as the SG-303 9 ft. mobile
antenna overcomes much of the radiation problem.
4.2
Whip Antennas - 2.5-3.0 meters (8-9 ft)
This antenna is recommended only for vehicular mobile installations. The
short length will result in poorer performance when compared with the
longer antennas. A special high performance 9 foot antenna, the SG-303, is
manufactured by SGC specifically for this problem. The SG-303 is SGC Part
Number 55-27.
4.3
Whip Antenna - 7.0 to 8.5 Meter (28 ft)
This antenna is recommended for marine installation on smaller vessels. It
may also be used in base stations if there is no way of using a longer antenna. The SG-203 is this type of antenna. Order SGC Part Number 55-23.
4.5
Longwire Antenna 23 meter (75 ft) and 46 meter (150 ft)
For most applications the longwire antenna will give the best results and is
recommended when practical. The diagrams at the end of this section show
some recommended methods of installation. These are only a few of the
many possible methods of installation and frequently a different configuration will be the best at a particular site. SGC's long wire antenna, 60 feet in
length, provides efficient operation on low frequencies and high frequencies alike. Order SGC Part Number 55-10.
20
© 1998 SGC Inc
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Antenna Length vs. Lowest Tunable Frequency
Antenna Length
in Feet (approximate)
4.6
Lowest Frequency
in KHz
350 feet
1650 KHz
335 feet
1700 KHz
315 feet
1800 KHz
285 feet
1900 KHz
275 feet
1950 KHz
220 feet
2000 KHz
100 feet
2500 KHz
50 feet
3000 KHz
Backstay Antennas 8 meters (28 ft) and longer
Although we would love to sell everyone a high performance marine whip
antenna, the backstay of a sailboat is almost impossible to improve upon in
most installations.
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© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
5.0
Typical Installations
Figures 5.01 through 5.3.1 show some typical installations for the automatic
antenna tuner.
Figure 5.01 Jeep Installation
SG-303
whip
2.0
M whip
Jeep Installation
for Automatic
Antenna Coupler
Detail
Transceiver
Coupler
Feed-through
insulator
Figure 5.02
GTO cable
(as short as possible)
Vehicle installation
Ground
coupler
securely
to truck
SG-303
2.0
M whipwhip
Feed through insulator
Coupler
Transceiver
Vehicle Installation
22
© 1998 SGC Inc
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SG-235 Manual
Figure 5.03
Motor Vessel installation
Feed through insulator
Coupler
Suitable stay cable
Ground to
steel bulkhead
or overhead
Motor Vessel Installation
Figure 5.04
Base installation
7M to 10M
GROUND LEAD
1.5M MAX
GROUND ROD (3M)
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© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
Figure 5.05
Base installation with ground wire radials
pole or tree supports far end
Insulator
11M
2M
30°
Insulator
GTO cable
30°
Coupler
2M
Radial wires
buried in soil
Ground cable No. 4 AWG
(150 cm maximum)
Base Installation with
Ground Wire Radials
Conduit for
control cable
and coax
Figure 5.06
B ase d ip o le inst allat io n
Hot
1 meter
3 meters
E66 insulators
(x8)
GND
7 to 25 meters
Coupler
3 meters
Control cable
RF Cable
Base Dipole Installation
24
© 1998 SGC Inc
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SG-235 Manual
Figure 5.07
Base Quadra Loop Horizontal
Radiation
Porcelain
isolators
with tie rope
Coupler
Ground
bolt
terminal
50 ohm
coax from
transmitter
Antenna
terminal
Base Quadra
Loop Horizontal
The horizontal quad loop is a groundless antenna for high angle radiation and is ideal
for HF communications from zero to 500 miles in the frequency range of 2 to 10 MHz.
This configuration provides optimum near-right angle reflection to the ionosphere for
short range communications.
A square base can be from 8 to 15 meters long and can be configured to the shape of the
structure as necessary, to provide the best arrangement. The height of the supporting
poles should be 20 to 40 feet. Supporting poles should be as tall as possible to provide the
antenna with the greatest isolation from industrial noise generated by the building,
such as fluorescent lights and electrical motors. Loop antennas are also less susceptible to industrial RF noise generated by the building, because they are isolated from the
ground system of the building.
Loop wires are attached at one end on the high voltage active side of the coupler and on
the other end at the ground side of the coupler.
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© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
up to 300 feet
up to 200 feet
Balanced Line Feeders
300-600 Ohms
GND
Figure 5.08
Base Ladder
Installation
Hot
Coupler
RF cable Control cable
Base Ladder Installation
Figu re 5.09
Base Delta L oop
The delta loop antennas are ideally suited
to long range communications due to
their low angle. This configuration is
Radiation
best for communications ranging from
500 to 5000 miles in the HF frequency
range of 4 to 22 MHz. Noise rejection is
excellent, as stated for the quad loop
antenna. Because the antenna system is
Coupler
not connected to a ground, noise rejection
is enhanced. If mounted on the roof-top
Base Delta Loop
of the building, it is further isolated from
the building which generates RF noise. The supporting mast should be 8 to 14
meters tall to provide good overall HF performance.
Note that with this type of antenna, the coupler may be mounted in the middle
of the horizontal portion of the loop or it may be mounted at the corner. If
mounted at the corner and the lead from the coupler attached to the vertical
leg, the polarization of the loop tends to be vertical and is slightly better for
low angle long distance communications.
Loops in the horizontal plane may also be used. This type of antenna provides
exceptionally good performance on the low frequency bands for short to
intermediate range communications.
26
© 1998 SGC Inc
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SG-235 Manual
Figure 5.10
Vessel Groundless Loop
Radiation
75 feet
Vessel
Groundless
Loop
Co u p l e r
Porcelain
isolator
Lower mast connection
to coupler RF ground
The triangular loop antenna for sailboats is designed to operate in a groundless environment and still provide high performance. This type of installation
will require only one insulator point on the bottom backstay and an electrical
connection on top of the mast and stay. The grounded side of the coupler is
connected to the bottom of the mast. Although not our best recommendation,
this antenna will provide a workable solution in some installations.
Figure 5.11
Vessel insulated backstay
Porcelain
isolator
Radiation
75 feet
Vessel
insulated
Backstay
Coupler
Porcelain
isolator
Ground
connection
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© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
The insulated backstay antenna requires two porcelains isolators. The coupler
must be placed as close as possible to the base of the backstay antenna. Proper
grounding of the coupler is very important. Connect the RF ground terminal
of the coupler to all metal parts or structures of the boat (keel, engine, etc.).
5.1
APARTMENT LOOP ANTENNA
Loop antennas can be used very effectively in small apartments, offices and
holding rooms. Radiation for a loop antenna is always efficient but highly
directive. Therefore, the orientation of the loop is very important. Generally,
the vertical loop antenna with horizontal radiation is much preferred for a
general application throughout the 1.8 to 30 MHz band. However, loop antennas can be very effective when mounted horizontally to the ground to radiate
vertically and provide efficient short range communications on higher frequencies. Generally HF connections are difficult to establish in the distance
range of 50 to 250 miles. In a large room (such as 20 x 30), we would recommend the installation of a single wire loop antenna mounted on the ceiling
with the coupler against the wall directly below the antenna. The wire gauge
should not be less than 16 AWG with insulation.
When operation is for a small room, it is recommended that a small multiple
wire loop (6 loops) on a rectangular configuration 3 by 4 feet be installed (as
illustrated in the figure below).
This configuration allows operation from 3.0 to 30 MHz and the SG-235 will
tune and load all frequencies well below a ratio of 1.1:5 VSWR. Directivity will
be high from 3 to 12 dB depending upon the frequency. If this is a problem,
two loops at 90 degrees can be installed to communicate at 90 degrees off
direction of the first loop antenna. Loop antennas are low noise antennas.
However, because they are used in apartments and urban cities, high industrial noise can be expected. Avoid using neon of fluorescent lights within 50 feet
of the loop antenna, they may completely jam one or more frequency bands.
Loop antennas of much larger sizes can be used, however, please remember
that while the low frequency operation of such antennas may be quite good,
the larger antennas may not work well at very high frequencies when located
in a plane parallel to the earth. This is because large loop antennas generally
radiate their maximum lobe (field strength) at right angles to their plane.
This means that a large loop, say 60 feet on a side, mounted 20 feet above the
ground would radiate much of its energy upward. While during the day this
would work well for close in communications, longer distances would be
28
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SG-235 Manual
achieved with the loop mounted vertically. The vertical loop antenna of one
quarter wavelength is the basis of the "quad" type directional antenna.
Figure 5.12
Small loop antenna (3 x 4 feet)
Pegs or Nails
Use 6-8 turns of #16 or larger wire which is
insulated for high voltages. No spacing
between turns. Use a total of 70-90 feet of
wire.
Building wall
Cable to Radio
SG-230 PRO
SMARTUNER
SG-235
SMARTUNER
Loop antennas represent a DC short circuit and for this reason are much less
susceptible to noise than are other kinds of antennas. In certain residential
and industrial areas where high noise levels occur, the loop antenna may provide a substantial improvement in both receiving and transmitting performance at very little cost.
5.2
RECREATIONAL VEHICLE (RV) ANTENNAS
RV or trailers provide an excellent base to install effective low cost antennas,
and both configurations, end fed or loop antennas can be used.
Figure 5.2.1 Recreational vehicle bus or truck detail:
18" PVC
pipe
standoffs
Recreational Vehicle
Antenna Installation
Antenna wire
Metal roof
of vehicle
Coupler mounted
inside coach
Use a separate ground strap or wire for the body
a n d t h e c h a s s i s t o t h e g r o u n d o f t h e c o u p l e r.
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An End fed antenna could be very effectively used if a metal cabin structure is
available. Loop antennas have the advantage of not requiring a ground system, but are highly directive. Mounting the antenna is relatively simple and
can be mounted on short (18 inches 1/2 inch diameter) plastic plumbing
pipes. In the end fed antenna, it is recommended that the antenna be as long
as possible in an "L" shape configuration, as illustrated in the following diagram.
5.3 Aircraft Antennas
When installed in high performance turboprop or jet aircraft, the Smartuner
will operate well with a shunt-fed antenna. This is generally a 23-foot piece of
metal which mounts on the fuselage of the aircraft and is grounded to the aircraft at one end. The device looks something like a towel bar on the underside
of the aircraft.
Figure 5.3.1
Aircraft Installation Detail:
Rotary Aircraft
Coupler
Isolator
Wire antenna
Strut to space out
antenna with plastic
tubing or fiberglass
rod
Fixed Wing Aircraft
Wire goes to
the coupler
Isolator
Wire antenna
Ground
Aviation
control
head
30
© 1998 SGC Inc
Coupler
Wire antenna
Radio
Isolator
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When installed in high performance turboprop or jet aircraft, the Smartuner
will operate well with a shunt fed antenna. This is generally a 13 foot piece of
metal which mounts on the fuselage of the aircraft and is grounded to the aircraft at one end. The device looks something like a towel bar on the underside
of the aircraft. The Smartuner will also match well the more common wire
antenna from fuselage to vertical stabilizer (and continuing to a wingtip if
desired) and a long wire antenna under the tail rotor of helicopters. This long
wire approach has proven very effective on Bell JetRangers and LongRangers
in particular.
5.4
LOW PROFILE, HIDDEN AND COVERT ANTENNAS
There are two general types of low profile, hidden and covert antennas.
¥ The first group is the paramilitary user who will wish to operate from a residence or commercial building without drawing attention to the fact that long
range HF communication is in process.
¥ The second class of covert antenna user (and a larger group) is the amateur
radio community which finds itself more restricted almost daily by covenants,
building codes and tenant requirements.
We will consider a typical residential home and point out covert antennas
which have been used very successfully for intercontinental communications.
As you review the diagram on the following page, remember that the antennas
used include both groundless loop type antennas and those which require a
counterpoise (ground).
A.
If a flag pole is made of PVC
pipe, it is easy to tape a large gauge
wire to the inside of the pipe and use
a good counterpoise. Typical flag
poles are 25 to 35 feet in height and
offer excellent performance on all
bands.
B.
The down spout, rain gutter
antenna works well if the piping and
gutter are aluminum. You may wish
Coupler
At least three ground radials
longer than the flag pole
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to secure the joints with hose
clamps or plumbers tape to
assure low resistance connections.
C.
Masonry chimneys are
visually "busy". You can run
a #10 copper wire parallel to
the chimney with little risk of
detection. Some short stand
offs and you have a support
for a vertical dipole type
antenna.
B
C
COUPLER
COUPLER
D
COUPLER
D.
The Inverted "L" antenna may work slightly better if it is installed
clear of a building, but for covert operations, this type of installation is a
favorite. Especially if the feedpoint is at ground level adjacent to an iron or
copper water line entering the house which will provide an excellent
counterpoise.
E.
Along the edge of the roof, held off by some inexpensive TV twinlead
stand offs, you can hide 25 to 40 feet of antenna on virtually any house.
F.
Under the roof overhang, all kinds of wire antennas may be installed.
G.
Loop antennas installed on the inside or outside wall work well at
higher frequencies and provide some directional characteristics.
These antennas are also less prone to man made noise.
H.
All types of antennas may be hidden inside the roof of a building
which uses non-metallic roofing materials.
5.5
Emergency Antennas
There are a couple of antennas which don't fit into any category in particular, but which should be mentioned because when used with a Smartuner,
they will deliver spectacular results.
5.6
KITE ANTENNA:
This is our recommended antenna to be carried aboard all types of vessels.
This is because when a wind strong enough to damage a boat occurs, it is
easy to fly a kite and this may lift fifty to one hundred feet of antenna wire.
For good emergency communications, you will only need 30-70 feet of
32
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antenna and a strongly built (Mylar or nylon) kite.
Remember that when a mast comes down, you have easy access to the high
voltage feedline which may be secured to a kite antenna. Offshore power boats
can use this antenna as well, since 10-20 knot winds are almost always available when underway at sea.
5.5.1 Kite Antenna
Box, delta, or conventional kite
100 feet of
string
Use string to post for strain reliefÑdo not tie
kite wie to coupler without strain relief
30 to 70 feet of wire
30 to 70 feet of wire
ground conductor (counterpoise)
String
Jumper
Coupler
Note: The counterpoise may be underwater if installed on a
beach or from a vessel at sea. If an underwater counterpoise is
used, tuning may change with tide changes in shallow waters.
This type of antenna has been run for hours in tropical trade
winds with excellent results.
5.7
Post or stake
Tactical Installations
Over the course of nearly 30 years of HF, SGC equipment has been used everywhere from camelback in the desert to Antarctic expeditions. Along the way
we have collected a number of tips to get maximum system performance from
your radio system when you are operating in a tactical or disaster situation.
These tips, by the way, also apply when you go camping or are involved in
amateur radio Field Day activities:
5.8
TACTICAL Antenna Supports
Except for a barren desert, just about all landscapes have structures (natural
and man made) which can be used for antenna supports. All it usually takes is
several hundred feet of rope and some creativity. Here are some examples to
consider. If you wonder which structure would work best remember the one
with the greatest height and greatest distance from grounded metal will generally give the best performance.
1.
Natural rock formations such as cliffs and bluffs.
2.
Tall trees.
3.
Water towers.
4.
Church spires and minarets of mosques.
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5.
Strung between rooftops of buildings.
6.
Sign posts such as for banks and gasoline stations.
7.
Telephone (not power) poles. There's no line noise on telephone poles.
8.
Railroad trestles
9.
Highway structures - signs, overpasses and bridges.
10.
Flag poles at public buildings, schools and hospitals.
5.9
TACTICAL Grounds and counterpoises
Just as antenna opportunities abound, so do ground and counterpoise opportunities to the professional eye. Some of our favorite examples which correspond to the antennas above include:
1.
Cross country water and petroleum transmission pipes.
(As it passes under a bluff?)
2.
Long steel cables along a mountain highway. (With nearby trees?)
3.
Chain link fencing. (Around the water tower?)
4.
Metal lawn sprinkler piping. (In the church yard?)
5.
Fire department stand pipes. ( Required in most big city building codes!)
6.
Underground metal petroleum storage tanks. (At the gasoline station?)
7.
Metal fencing of any type. (A barbed wire fence along a pasture under
telephone pole?)
8.
100 feet of wire thrown in a river or sea. (Under a trestle?)
9.
Metal drain culverts. (Along a highway?)
10.
4-5 cars parked with their metal bumpers touching or a sheet metal
roof. (Hospital or public building.)
As you can see from this list, there are an almost limitless number of options
available for the trained professional to install a high performance antenna
system with only a small amount of wire and an SG-235 Smartuner.
6.0
General Notes on Antennas and Couplers
1.
The longer the antenna, the better the antenna performance. By
doubling the length of the antenna, an improvement of 3 - 6 dB can be
34
© 1998 SGC Inc
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SG-235 Manual
expected in your radiation or receiving characteristics. This is the
equivalent of transmitting with 400 watts, when in actuality you are
using only 100 watts.
2.
A ground for "end fed" antennas can be very effectively created by
running radial wires from the coupler point and laying them onto the
ground. It is recommended that for a good ground, 12 radials should be
used and they be about 1/3 larger than the antenna length. The
number of radials can be reduced; however, you need at least one.
Efficiency pattern and radiation will decrease in proportion.
3.
Antennas will always perform better if the wire is of a large gauge.
Never use anything less than gauge 16. If gauge 6 is used, an
improvement of 6 dB can be expected over the 16 gauge. The radial
ground wire should be at least the same size as of the antenna wire.
4.
The SG-235 coupler can handle antennas beyond the specified minimum
range of 8 to 80 feet and should be extended as much as possible. In
some cases, the antenna can be 300 feet or longer. In this situation, you
may find some tuning holes that are of no importance to the present
application. However, if this is not the case, the antenna can be made a
little shorter or longer to overcome the tuning hole on the frequency
band you may have wanted to use.
5.
Always install the antenna system as far away as possible from any
electrical or industrial noise source. Electrical appliance, electric motor
or fluorescent lighting noise may cover upweak or even very strong
signals.
6.
The SG-235 is a remarkable antenna coupler that will tune practically
any antenna good or bad. Keep in mind that it is not the coupler that
will radiate the RF energy, it is the antenna. Therefore, use only good
size wire and long antennas.
7.
Never use a feed line or coaxial cable at the output of the antenna
coupler. The function of the coupler is to couple the radio to the
antenna and not to use it as a mid point connector. The antenna system
starts at the output to the coupler. Therefore, the lead end from the
coupler to the hypothetical antenna is part of the antenna system.
Avoid having the lead end wire touch any other metal structure, as it
will capacitively short your antenna to ground.
8.
The backstay of your mast is the only viable antenna on a sailboat. The
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
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35
© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
SG-235 coupler is specifically designed to be used for such
applications.
9.
For vehicular installation, do not use any inexpensive CB antennas
and/or mounts. These antennas will not perform well between 1.8 to
10 MHz even though the coupler will load and tune the antenna whip.
A very high voltage of 15 to 30,000 volts RF will be applied to the
antenna depending on the RF power level and frequency. The
inexpensive ball mounts for CB antennas are not designed for this
stringent a purpose. The use of an antenna system, such as the
SG-303, is highly recommended as it was specifically designed for
extreme applications.
6.1
STEPS TO ANTENNA INSTALLATION
System installation is a three part process covering the following steps:
a)
Selection and installation of the antenna
b)
Mounting the antenna tuner
c)
Connecting the appropriate interface cables between the tuner and
the transceiver
This manual section will discuss the three steps mentioned above in detail
and will provide sufficient information to enable the user to confidently
install a complete system properly.
The antenna system is a key part of the communication system and for satisfactory operation the system must be carefully selected, then installed correctly. The unbalanced antennas used with the automatic antenna tuner use
the ground (counterpoise) as half of the antenna system. The ground forms
an "image" antenna and is a critical part of the system. It is essential to consider both the ground and the antenna when designing the system installation.
6.2
Antenna Location
The figures in Section 4 illustrate several different antenna installations.
The following points should be carefully considered when designing the
antenna system.
1.
36
© 1998 SGC Inc
The antenna should be located in a position free of obstructions,
particularly in the desired direction of communication.
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
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SG-235 Manual
2.
The antenna should be kept as far away as possible from buildings,
trees and vegetation. If metallic masts or supports are used, arrange
the insulators so the antenna is spaced at least 2 meters from the mast.
3.
Remember that the radiating part of the antenna starts at the tuner.
The location of the bottom portion of the antenna is very important.
4.
Vertical antennas have an omni-directional radiation pattern and
will provide equal performance in all directions.
5.
Horizontal wire antennas have maximum radiation broadside to the
antenna when the frequency is less than 1/4 wavelength. As the
frequency increases beyond 1/4 wavelength, lobes will appear in the
radiation pattern with the principal lobes becoming closer to the
plane of the antenna as the length increases. At all times, radiation
will be minimal at the end of the antenna and should be located so
the ends point in directions where communications are not required.
6.
The "V" construction minimizes the directivity of the horizontal
antenna and is recommended for all around coverage. In addition,
the "V" antenna is a compromise between vertical and horizontal
polarization and will give good results for communications with land
or marine mobiles using vertical whip antennas.
7.
High voltages (sometimes exceeding 30,000V RF) are present on the
antenna. All parts of the antenna and tuner must be located or
protected so that there is no possibility of accidental contact.
8.
Do not locate the antenna close to other antenna systems.
9.
Make sure that the antenna is rigidly supported. The antenna will
detune if it sags or sways.
10.
The connection from the tuner to the ground must be a small
percentage of the total length of the antenna. Do not let the length of
the ground strap exceed 1 meter. Use heavy gauge wire or strap for
ground connection.
11.
Whip antennas should be connected with the minimum length of wire.
(Do exceed 0.6 meters).
12.
Do not locate the tuner farther from the transceiver than necessary. If
the distance exceeds 10 meters (30 ft) , it is recommended that low loss
coaxial cable, such as RG-8 or RG-213 be used.
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
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© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
6.3
Ground Systems - General
The ground system (also called a counterpoise) is a key part of the overall
antenna system and is the primary cause of poor performance and the difficulty of adjusting the tuner. A good ground is essential.
6.3.1 Vehicle Grounds
Connect the tuner directly to the frame of the vehicle. Ensure that a heavy
strap is used from the tuner ground lug and that the connections are cleared
of all paint and dirt so that the shiny metal is exposed. SGC always recommends
that two grounding bolts with star washers be used to insure no ground resistance is encountered. Make sure that the grounding point is not insulated
from other parts of the vehicle by non-metallic couplings, bushings, fiberglass panels, etc. Modern vehicle assembly techniques which use spot welding
may not always adequately connect various body parts. Use an ohm meter and
insure your vehicle is electrically bonded.
Another area to watch is trunk lids and hoods. Because many body parts are
dip painted, they may float above the RF ground when assembled. Use of short
heavy braid to insure all doors and hatches are grounded is good installation
practice. Although this is tedious work, the benefit is that once completed you
will have a much superior radiated signal and lower noise floor on receive.
6.3.2
Marine Grounds
A metal hulled vessel in salt water provides an almost ideal ground. The tuner
should be connected directly to the hull using the shortest possible ground
strap or 2 to 3 inch wide 2 mil copper foil. Make sure that the contact point is
free from paint and dirt. Ensure a good contact area for minimum resistance.
Wooden and fiberglass hulled vessels present more of a grounding problem. It
is normally necessary to bond all large metallic parts such as the stove, fuel
tanks, engine, propeller shaft, etc., and sometimes an external grounding
plate should be connected to the hull. The bonding and grounding plate
should take into consideration the problems of electrolysis. Severe damage
may result if dissimilar metals are connected together.
Our experience is that sacrificial zincs, which double as radio grounds, may
help, but are not by themselves a complete solution. If you use one (or more)
of these devices, remember to provide for a large physical counterpoise in
addition.
38
© 1998 SGC Inc
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
SG-235 Manual
In a
and
just
and
sailboat installation, we generally place the Smartuner in the aft lazarette
then run at least three runs of foil forward. One runs up the port chine,
below the waterline, another up the starboard chine below the waterline
the third up the center of the vessel.
The center foil is generally connected to the rudder post, transmission, engine
and keel bolts. The chine foils are attached to through hulls, the stove, tankage and so forth. The idea is to get as much metal inside the vessel connected
as possible. Metal toe rails and life lines work well as do keel coolers on motorized craft.
Here is a tip for attaching foil to keel bolts. When a large keel bolt is exposed,
drill into the keel bolt and tap the hole for a suitable stainless steel machine
screw. Attach with suitable copper washers for a solid electrical connection.
Although it is not mandatory that ground foil be glued into place, we consider
it a good idea to keep the space below decks neat and orderly under all conditions.
If you are using a backstay antenna, try to visualize your ground as you look
down from the top of the mast. Ask yourself if you see 100 square feet of metal
below you. The closer to this figure you can get, the better your radiated signal will be. What you are trying to do is make a large capacitor to the sea
water. Consider the salt water of the sea to be one plate of a capacitor, the
ground system the other and the hull to be the dielectric.
On marine installations, you should also be very aware of potential noise
sources which may need to be bypassed to ground. We have encountered just
about every source of noise imaginable in vessel installations. When you are
laying in a ground system is the best time to track down annoying noise
sources. Not only will you get much better voice communications, but
Weatherfax, Navtex and Loran reception will improve as well if they are also
tied into the ground system.
Particular attention should be paid to any device which uses an electric motor.
This means to turn on the water pressure pump, bilge pump, hot water forced
air heater fans, refrigeration and autopilot motors. A few small capacitors to
ground (.01 microfarads at 100 VDC) can resolve many issues. Bypassing of the
vessel's alternator is also a good idea.
6.3.3
Base Station Grounds
In areas of high ground conductivity, an effective ground can be made
through a grounding rod. The rod should be approximately 3 meters in length
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
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© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
and should be installed as close as possible to the tuner. It may be necessary to
use several ground rods bonded together to improve the ground contact.
Water pipes are sometimes recommended as grounds and may be used provided
plastic pipe is not buried as part of the system and the following conditions
are met:
a)
The water pipe is close to the tuner.
b)
The water pipe enters the ground very close to the tuner bonding point.
c)
There are no joints or couplings in the pipe that will increase the
resistance path to ground.
d)
The water pipe enters soil with good conductivity.
e)
A low resistance contact is made to the water pipe.
E a r t h r e q u i r i n g a c o u n t e r p o i s e . Frequently the ground conductivity
will not suffice to provide satisfactory operation of the coupler - almost certainly the case with well drained sandy, rocky or loamy soils. Therefore, a
counterpoise (artificial ground) must be used as the ground system.
R o o f t o p i n s t a l l a t i o n r e q u i r i n g a c o u n t e r p o i s e . In a rooftop installation where there is no existing ground plane, the ideal ground would be conducting surface extending several wavelengths in all directions around the
antenna. On a rooftop, this situation may be approximated by placing a screen
of chicken mesh, copper hardware cloth or similar material over the roof of
the building. More frequently, a counterpoise system of radial wires must be
used. SGC recommends the use of at least 8-12 radials bonded together in the
center. If the antenna is at ground level, the radials should be buried a few
inches below the surface.
6.4
Corrosion
The ground connections are subject to corrosion and oxidation. All joints must
be clean and the hardware adequately tightened. Joints should be well soldered wherever possible. The joints may be protected by an application of silicon grease, and under severe conditions, covered with electrical tape and
waterproof varnish or a durable brand of silicon caulking.
If you are mounting your Smartuner on a vessel where a lot of salt spray is
encountered, it is a good idea to put the wire connections which are exposed to
weather on your 6-month periodic maintenance plan. Then, every six
months, you will be reminded to undo each of the connections, clean, retighten and reseal.
40
© 1998 SGC Inc
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
SG-235 Manual
Use jumpers around metal backstay triangles on split backstay antennas.
Corrosion may cause up to several hundred ohms of resistance to occur even
though you may think that a metal-to-metal connection would be a good one.
6.5
Antenna Coupler Mounting
The coupler is mounted using the proper mounting ears on the case. Choose a
location immediately adjacent to the antenna feed point. In trunk mounted
mobile installations, it is very important that the tuner is located so that the
antenna insulator is within a few centimeters of the antenna exit hole. Note
also that the antenna lead must pass through an insulated bushing. High voltage connecting cable must be used. (RG-8U cable with solid insulation may be
used if the outer shielding is removed). A protective housing is highly recommended when the coupler is installed on the outside, or on the deck.
6.6
Antenna Connection
The antenna lead is connected to the high voltage insulator. During operation,
use two wrenches when tightening the nut to prevent the stud rotating. A
potential of several thousand volts may be present at the antenna terminal and
adequate protection must be made against accidental contact. It is also necessary that the antenna is spaced at least 3 centimeters from the conducting surface. Sharp points in the lead-in wire should be avoided to prevent corona discharges.
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
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41
© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
7.0
Installation Procedures
The following diagrams will assist in installing the Smartuner with
SGC equipment.
7.1
Installation with SG-2000
The SG-2000 is shipped with all necessary connectors for installation of a
Smartunerª and for installation of peripherals via the audio input/output
jack on the rear panel. You will see the connectors when you remove the
Phillips head screws which hold the protective sheet metal cover over the
rear panel connectors.
From left to right, these jacks provide the following:
J-502
SG-235 Smartunerª connections
J-301
Aux. Audio input/output and PTT line
J-503
Remote control head or multiple head junction box
J-504
Remote control head or multiple head junction box
(Head mounted on radio is normally connected here.)
Ext. SPK
External Speaker
(active only if control head is attached to chassis.)
Oven Turns oven On-Off (Shipped with oven ON as default)
SG-2000 TO SG-235 Coupler CONNECTIONS
SG-235 Coupler Wires
SG-2000 Rear
Panel view
J-502
¥Ê¥Ê¥
1
1 22 33
42
© 1998 SGC Inc
J502
1- Black wire of coupler cable ( Ground)
J502
2-Red
wireofcouplercable(+12VDC)
J502
3- Green wire = TUNED indication
J301 4- Brown wire = PTT "in"
J-301
¥Ê¥Ê¥ ¥
1 2 3 44
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
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SG-235 Manual
On All Radios:
The SG-235 requires only a source of 13.6 VDC, an RF transmission line (RG58/U up to 30 ft., RG-8 OR RG-213/U if over 30 ft.) plus suitable ground and
antenna systems. No band switch information, low power tuning or handshake is required, since the coupler tunes on RF voice or carrier. Power consumption is normally less than 1 amp, allowing for use of small gauge wire.
The fully PCB is protected against power reversal. The output for a remote
mounted tune indicator, if desired is strictly optional.
When installing your SG-235, remember to allow for the power to be disconnected from the battery during periods when equipment is not being used.
This will prevent draining the battery unnecessarily.
7.2 Installation with SG-500 or other 500-watt amplifiers
The SG-235 requires only a source of +13.6 VDC, an RF trans-mission line (RG58/U up to 30 ft., RG-8 or RG-213/U if over 30 ft.), and suitable ground and
antenna systems. No band switch information, low power tuning, or handshake is required, since the coupler tunes on RF voice or carrier. The gray
wire acts as the 500W amplifier transmsit engage, if a linear amplifier is used.
Automatic amplifier switching. During tuning, the amplifier is in by-pass
operation, indicated by a +5V on the gray wire. Once the coupler is tuned, the
gray wire is pulled to ground and the amplifier is switched on.
Manual amplifier switching. If your amplifier does not have a PTT or other
control line, you must switch the amplifier on manually, after the coupler has
tuned. Then each time you change frequencies, the amplifier must be turned
off so the coupler can tune at a lower power. Failure to follow these guidelines
could result in permanent damage to the coupler.
When installing your SG-235, remember to allow for the power to be disconnected from the battery during periods when equipment is not being used.
This will prevent draining the battery unnecessarily.
7.3 Smartlock Pro Installation
The SmartLock Pro, a standard accessory with the SG-235, gives the user additional control over the coupler. It is not required for normal operation of the
coupler and does not need to be installed. It allows the coupler settings to be
held in place so no tuning or returning will occur, it has an LED indicator
which will light when the coupler is tuned, and it provides a manual reset of
the coupler without turning the power off and on.
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
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© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
Connections:
SmartLock Pro
to
SG-235 Smartuner
Red
Ñ
Red wire (+12 VDC)
Green
Ñ
Green wire (Remote tuned indicator line)
White
Ñ
White wire (Hold Settings)
Blue
Ñ
Blue wire (Reset)
Black
Ñ
Black/Yellow (Ground)
We recommend soldering the wires together and insulating the exposed wires
with heat shrink or electrical tape. Other methods may suffice as long as the
connections are firm and no wiring remains exposed.
A schematic drawing is provided as an aid to understanding the operation of
the SmartLock Pro.
Smartlock Pro Schematic Diagram
C5
.1u
R2
220
1/2W
C4
.1u
D1
1N751A
R4
R1
150
SW1
4PDT
1M
12 VDC
JP1
Green LED
SW2
Hold
DS1
Reset
PUSHBUTTON
R3
Tuned
330
SW3
Rx Amp
Red LED
C3
.1u
DS2
SPDT
C1
.1u
C2
.1u
No Tune/Reset
C6
.1u
GND
44
© 1998 SGC Inc
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
SG-235 Manual
7.4
WEATHERDECK MOUNTING
Weatherdeck mounting can be used. Years of experience have shown that
inside mounting or even splash-proof mounting is preferred, particularly in
cold, damp environments. In tropical use, shielding from direct sunlight is
desirable.
The base of the antenna should be connected to the high voltage feed-through
insulator on the housing. (Note: this insulator is not designed to support
heavy mechanical loads. If such loading is encountered, the use of a strain
insulator is desirable.)
The ground system should be connected to the 1/4 inch stainless steel stud protruding from the bottom of the housing. Connection to the ground system is of
extreme importance for a successful installation. Ground runs of over a few
inches should be made from 4 inch wide copper strap or larger. The actual
ground system should be as good as possible, as the ground is an integral part
of the antenna system. See section 5.2.2 on grounding. However, couplers in
general require the antenna parameters to be within the range of the tuning
parameters or the coupler will not find a satisfactory match. It should always
be remembered that the computer in the SG-235 is unable to second-guess the
installer.
A PR OPER ANTENNA/ GR OU ND INSTAL L ATION IS OF GR EAT
IMPORTANCE. REGARDLESS OF WHETHER YOUR STATION IS
A BASE STATION, MARINE, OR LAND MOBILE.
SETUP FOR ELECTRICAL CHECK OUT:
8.0
ELECTRICAL CHECKOUT
After the SG-235 antenna coupler has been installed, the SSB transmitter
should be adjusted to the highest frequency desired, and a directional watt
meter (i.e. Bird Model 43) should be inserted into the transmission line. The
transmitter should then be powered. The SG-235 will begin to tune when RF
power is applied, and you will hear a "clattering" of PC mounted relays. If the
antenna length and ground parameters are within range, the relay noises will
stop when just a few words are spoken, and the reflected power on the watt
meter would indicate a value of better than 2:1 VSWR. The "TUNED" LED, which
is mounted on the PC board will light, and if there is a remote "TUNED" indicator, it will also light.
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
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© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
Note: When changing to a new frequency, the SG-235 has a 4 second time delay
before it will initiate a retune cycle. This can be bypassed by connecting
Brown wire (PTT IN) to your radio external PTT output.
(View: Back panel
of unit)
SGÐ235
Antenna
12 volt power source
SGÐ2000 HF radio
Watt meter
SG-2000 -->SG-235
Terminal block
for DC power
cable
Counterpoise
Smartlock
Black (of coupler cable) = ground
Red (of coupler cable) = +12 VDC
Green
= tuned indication
Next the SSB transmitter should be adjusted to the lowest desired frequency,
and the test as outlined above should be repeated. The SG-235 should immediately sense the mismatch, and switch to the tune mode to retune the antenna
system. Since the algorithm must search through more possible values of L
and C to find an appropriate combination at the lower frequencies, the tune
cycle may take longer. A few spoken words should achieve an "all tuned" indication. The SG-235 installation and tune-up is considered complete if the
above tests have been successfully performed.
The SG-235 will probably not be supplied from SGC with memory data appropriate to your installation, and the memory feature may not seem impressive
at first. Allow the SG-235 to "learn" your antenna's requirements by proceeding from frequency to frequency and allowing the normal tune-up to occur.
As the SG-235 computer memorizes more and more frequencies, you should
then be able to return to a previously tuned frequency and find that the coupler immediately responds 'ALL TUNED', even before the first word is completed. The memory system is capable of storing hundreds of individual frequency/relay combinations, mostly in the lower operating frequencies. This provides better memory resolution at the lower frequencies where antenna systems are inherently narrow band. Usually, only one or two memory positions
are needed to provide satisfactory coverage at higher frequency bands.
46
© 1998 SGC Inc
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
SG-235 Manual
8.1 Alternate Electrical Checkout
On Site Radio HF/SSB Transmitter & Coupler Test Procedure
Light bulb test.
If you suspect that there is a problem with your transmitting equipment,
here is a simple test that you can perform to find out if your station equipment is operating properly. All that is required is some hook up wire, a PL259 connector, 2 alligator clips, a lamp socket, 100 watt lamp or a minimum
200 watts for 500 watt system (two may be paralleled if necessary), and
adapters as shown in the diagram. In a real emergency, you can simplify
this arrangement to suit the materials that you have on hand.
1 - The light bulb test is used to verify basic operation of the transmitter,
and antenna coupler. The lamp will present a load to the transmitter, and
antenna coupler that is similar to an antenna. This test will provide a visual
indication of the power output from the transmitter, and verify operation of
the antenna coupler.
2 - The transmitter should be tested first. Note that the lamp may be dim on
some frequencies. This is because the lamp is not an ideal load for the transmitter, and the SWR protection circuitry in the transmitter will automatically reduce transmitter power. If the lamp does not light on any frequency,
there is high probability that the transmitter is in need of service, and
there is no need to proceed to the coupler test.
3 - If the transmitter passes the test, proceed to the 'coupler test procedure'.
Make sure that the antenna and ground are first disconnected from the coupler. Note that you should be able to hear the relays clicking in the coupler
as the tuning cycle begins. This should stop within a few seconds, and the
lamp should light brightly. If you are using the tuned indicator option, it
should illuminate when the coupler is tuned.
4 - This test should be repeated on all bands of intended operation. Note that
the coupler will probably not tune the lamp from memory. This because the
impedance of the lamp changes with temperature, and therefore presents a
dynamic load to the coupler.
5 - Note that the lamp will not be as bright on the higher frequencies. This
is due to the fact that some radiation from the hook up wiring will occur on
the higher bands, that is, some of the power will go 'on the air' and not be
available to the lamp.
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
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© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
6 - If the coupler operates as described above, it is almost certain that it will
give satisfactory service with a proper antenna. If you are still having trouble, we hope that you will contact us for a free copy of our HF SSB User's Guide
and Products Catalog which contains much additional information.
If the lamp does not light:
(be sure light bulb is good)
1 - Make sure that the radio is set to the CW mode. Some transceivers may not
provide CW output unless a CW key is connected to the appropriate connector.
If you are not sure about this, refer to your equipment manual. You may use
FM or AM instead if necessary.
2 - Check the voltage at the transceiver DC power terminals. Also, verify that
there is at least 12 volts available at the antenna coupler.
3 - You can check the SSB output of your transceiver by speaking into the
microphone. The lamp will not be as bright as in CW. This is normal.
4 - Keep in mind that most troubles with these installations will be found in
the wiring, coax connectors, and antenna/ground system.
5 - If there is no indication of transmitter output you will need to make
arrangements to have the unit serviced.
6 - If transmitter output is good, but the coupler does not tune up the lamp, you
should contact SGC for help.
If your equipment passed these tests:
1 - Your equipment is capable of producing a strong signal. If you are
having trouble, it is probably either in the antenna system, or your operating
procedure.
2 - Make sure that your antenna and ground system are installed c o r rectly, contact SGC for a copy of our HF User's Guide for much additional information on this subject.
3 - If you are new to HF radio, we strongly suggest that you set up a
schedule with another station for your initial tests. A helpful operator at the
other end can provide useful information about your station performance.
5 - The technical support staff at SGC has many years of experience in
all facets of HF radio communications. If you need help with your SGC equipment, please contact us. We stand ready to provide solutions to your communications challenges.
48
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SG-235 Manual
A light bulb connected to the antenna jack of a radio is simple and effective
method to test if your radio is transmitting. The instruction below explain how
to test the SG-2000 HF Radio and optionally the SG-235 Coupler.
This test can be modified and adapted to work on any other radio.
Equipment Required:
SG-2000 Radio or any HF SSB and AM/FM Transmitters.
SG-235 Coupler
AC to UHF Connector Cable [see figure below]
AC to Alligator Clips Cable (needed with Coupler) [see figure below]
Light Bulb to AC Adapter [see figure below]
(be sure light bulb is good)
Light Bulb; 75 to 200 watt, 120 to 220 VAC
Radio Test Procedure:
1. Connect "AC to UHF Connector Cable" to SG-2000 RF IN/OUT Connector.
2. Screw light bulb into "AC Adapter"
3. Plug AC Adapter and light bulb into "AC to UHF Connector Cable" that
is attached the radio [see figure below]
4. Turn on the radio and set to CW mode and PWR to HI
5. Key "push to talk" switch on microphone, and observe the light bulb.
The light should come on if the radio is transmitting.
6. Set power to LO
7. Key "push to talk" switch on microphone, and observe the light bulb.
The light should come on if the radio is transmitting. Observe that the
light is not as bright as step 5.
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© 1998 SGC Inc
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8. Set power to HI
9. Set the radio to AM mode or CW and any carrier.
10. Key "push to talk" switch on microphone, and observe the light
bulb. The light should come on if the radio is transmitting.
Observe that the light is not as bright as step 5.
11. Set the radio to SSB mode
12. Key "push to talk" switch on microphone and talk into the
microphone. Observe the light bulb comes on when you talk.
RF GND
RF IN-OUT
SG-2000 Radio
Coupler Test Procedure:
1. Connect coupler to the radio and disconnect antenna from coupler.
2. Connect "AC to Alligator Clips Cable" to the SG-235 antenna jack.
3. Screw light bulb into "AC Adapter"
4. Plug AC Adapter and light bulb into "AC to Alligator Clips Cable" that
is attached the coupler. [see figure below]
5. Turn on the radio and set to CW mode. Turn on the coupler
6. Key "push to talk" switch on microphone, and observe light bulb. The
light should come on if the radio is transmitting.
50
© 1998 SGC Inc
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SG-235 Manual
Coupler Test Procedure Continued
N o t e : The light bulb may not come on immediately if the coupler has not yet
been tune for that frequency. The light bulb brightness is greatest when the
coupler is tuned for that frequency.
RF GND
Antenna Jack
RF IN-OUT
SG-230 Antenna Coupler
GND
SG-2000 Radio
8.2
COUPLER CONFIGURATION
Schematic Q30102500, sheets 1 and 2, are the schematic diagrams of the antenna coupler. RF input is applied through connector J5; +13.6VDC is connected
between the terminals marked +12V and GND on J7, and an appropriate antenna and ground system are connected to feed through insulator and stainless
steel stud respectively.
Schematic Q3330102501 is the digital design of the antenna coupler. J4 is a connector for the Smartlock Pro and PTT out signal to the amplifier. J3 is for RS232 connection to control the tuner remotely with a PC.
8.3 TUNING PROCESS
An array of detector devices in the SG-235 monitors the antenna system impedance, reactance signal, and the VSWR load when RF power is applied to the
unit. The computer uses the forward power detector as a check to ensure that
the measurements made are applied RF and are not spurious levels from the
data conversion system. The SG-235 will proceed to tune only when enough
forward power is present to confirm this check.
After RF is applied to the coupler, it then passes through the detector system.
The detector system consists of six capacitors in shunt on the input arm of the
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© 1998 SGC Inc
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network, eight inductors in the series arm, and five more capacitors in shunt
on the output arm, all arranged in binary increments. Relays are provided in
conjunction with each lumped constant and allow removal or entry as desired.
A network having 64 values on input shunt C, 32 values of output shunt C, and
up to 256 values of series L is possible with the manipulation of these 38 relays.
8.4
IMPEDANCE DETECTOR
RF transformers T3 and T2 drive the impedance bridge which is balanced at 50
ohms. T2 samples the line current and thus D2 outputs a negative DC level proportional to line current. A tertiary winding on transformer T3 provides a line
voltage sample to D7 which provides a positive voltage proportional to line
voltage. R34 and R26 act as a summing network for the current and voltage
signals, with ratios chosen such that, at 50 ohms, the summed signals result in
a balanced or zero voltage condition.
If the line impedance goes to high, the signal from the voltage sensor will be
rela-tively higher than the current sensor, which will result in a net positive
output voltage from the summing network.
Similarly, a low line impedance will result in more output from the current
sensor, resulting in a net negative output voltage from the summing network.
The summing network output is shifted to a 0 to 5V range, then fed to the
processor's A to D converter ports, and used within the microcontroller.
8.5 VSWR DETECTOR
A directional coupler comprises a current transformer T1 and a voltage transformer T3, in conjunction with termination resistors R22 and R19. The coupler
is inserted in the 50-ohm transmission line between the input connector, J5,
and the tuning network. The forward power is measured across termination
R22 and reflected power is measured across termination R19. Diode D1 generates a positive DC voltage proportional to forward power and D8 generates a
positive DC voltage proportional to reflected power. The forward DC output is
fed to a voltage divider consisting of R35 and R23. These voltages are input to
the RF power detector and to an A to D converter port of the processor. The
reflected DC output passes through a voltage divider consisting of R39 and R40,
and then it also goes to an A to D converter port of the processor.
8.6
PHASE DETECTOR
A phase detector is formed by T2, A1, and their associated components. This
detector indicates the state of any reactance associated with the antenna cou-
52
© 1998 SGC Inc
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SG-235 Manual
pler as noted from the generator. A line current sample is compared in phase
with a voltage sample in a double balanced mixer. Output polarity is positive
for a net capacitive reactance. The output of the phase detector A1 is shifted to
a 0 to 5V range, then fed to the processorÕs A to D converter ports and used
within the microcontroller.
8.7
THE CONTROL DEVICE
(CPU - CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT)
A tune-up algorithm, which is contained in the memory of the microprocessor, actually implements the antenna matching. It is designed around the MC
68HC711E9 CPU which features a versatile instruction set, RAM, and EEPROM
(memory which is saved after the coupler is turned off). The antenna coupler
relays are controlled by latches U1, U2, and U3, which receive serial data input
directly from the CPU.
During operation, data is transferred into the CPU from the A to D ports and
Input Capture port (measures RF frequency). The program monitors the status
of the input sensors andÑstarting from a preset conditionÑuses a built-in algorithm to achieve a tuned condition. When the tuning algorithm is complete,
the CPU saves the settings in its EEPROM, which is addressed by the applied RF
frequency.
This non-volatile memory table is the basis of the exclusive learning feature
of the SG-235. After it has stored and latched the network status, the CPU waits
for RF to cease transmitting and returns to the Stop mode. When RF is retransmitted, the first step in the tuning algorithm is to measure the frequency of
the signal passing through the coupler. From the frequency data, the computer then searches its EEPROM for previously stored data. If data is found, it is
tested for validity, and the required Òend of tuneÓ conditions will be sensed by
the RF sensors. Then the data will be latched in place, and the CPU will again
wait for RF to cease transmitting and return to the ÒSTOPÓ mode. This process
takes about 20 milliseconds, the same length of time required to close the network relays.
8.8
INITIALIZATION
The microcomputer is usually in the stop mode and requires an external interrupt request signal (XIRQ or IRQ) to start program implementation. The interrupt request comes either from the RS-232 remote manual tuning IRQ or the
RF detector circuitry. The RF detector line goes into the XIRQ pin of the CPU
and when it goes low, wakes up the CPU from the STOP mode.
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8.9
INFORMATION READ
The data sensors are interfaced with the CPU through input ports PA3 through
PA7. After an IRQ, the tune algorithm program can access any desired variable by simply searching for the desired input port (lacking any applicable
pre-stored data). Since the comparators effectively preprocess the desired
data, to read any specific variable, the CPU need only look at the required port
for the desired variable.
8.10
Bypass Operation Jumpers
If broadband operation is required during receive for scan operation, jumper
Y E SÓ position. This will drop the tuning elements out of
JP2 may be set to the ÒY
the circuit on receive only. Jumper JP2 is located on the far left side of the
Q50102501 printed circuit board. (If you open your Smartuner to access this
jumper, please use caution to ensure that the waterproof seal is carefully
placed prior to refitting the coupler cover.)
Y E SÓ position is recommended if you are using a radio for
¥ Setting JP2 to the ÒY
split band communications, for scanning selective calling protocols, or for
ALE (Auto-matic Link Establishment).
The default is: Tuning Out In Rcv: [ n o ].
N oÓ bypasses the couplerÕs memories. This means that
¥ Jumper JP1 set to ÒN
each time the coupler is used on a different frequency, it will retune rather
than use previously stored information.
The default is Tune From Memory: [ Ò Y e s Ó ].
¥ Jumper JP3. Set to ÒYes,Ó JP3 keeps the 500-watt amplifier in the transmit
mode as long as the PTT signal from the radio is asserted and whether or not RF
N o,Ó JP3 keeps the 500-watt amplifier
power is applied to the coupler. Set to ÒN
in the transmit mode as long as RF power is applied to the coupler.
The default is PTT control: [ Ò Y e s Ó ].
54
© 1998 SGC Inc
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SG-235 Manual
SG-235
MicroTun e ª
Software
Copyright November-1991
9.0
Tuning Process and Options
The SG-235 MicroTuneª Software is unique software which allows fine
and precise tuning of the digitally controlled ¹ & L network antenna coupler
configurations.
Antenna
L1
50 ohms
C in
C out
The versatile MicroTuneª software offers its' user these special functions:
¥ The coupler is activated whenever forward power is present.
¥
In addition to sampling VSWR to determine if the coupler should re-tune,
frequency comparison is employed, causing the coupler to tune when
the transmit frequency changes independent of the VSWR reading.
¥ Extensive tuning algorithms are used to test and verify different antenna
situations. Initially, the first tuning cycle will require several hundred
milliseconds. Any further tuning is accomplished in a matter of
milliseconds when recalled from memory.
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¥ Facilities and algorithms are used, which enable accurate tuning at the low
end of the frequency band, and the use of even shorter antennas than
previously possible.
¥ The BITE (Built-In-Test-Equipment) Indicator Tune LED includes a safety
feature which alerts the operator to a mismatched condition, via
blinking indicators, when proper tuning conditions have not been met.
In this situation, the software will "time out" within 20 seconds unless a
new frequency is sensed, which will cause an immediate time out, and
the coupler will attempt to match the new frequency.
The sophisticated MicroTuneª software of the SG-235 enables precise tuning
of the coupler components and tuning of a wide variety of antennas.
The microprocessor of the coupler is turned on every time that the coupler
has forward power. However, re-tuning takes place only if the VSWR is
greater than 2:1, or if the frequency has changed. Upon initiation of the tuning, one of the five tuning paths is selected for the initial tuning, depending
on the condition of the tuning indicators.
9.1
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
When DC power is applied, the computer initializes the processor registers in
accordance with the hardware. All tuning elements are then removed and the
'tune' indicators are turned off. At this time the computer reverts to a "sleep"
mode awaiting RF power.
When RF power is verified, the computer will perform a test to verify forward
power is present. If no forward power is detected, the computer will revert
back to the "sleep" mode.
Once forward power is detected, the current transmit tuning element data is
sent to the relays and the VSWR is checked. If the VSWR is greater than 2:1,
the program branches to the 're-tune' selection. If the VSWR is less than 2:1,
the current frequency is compared to the most recent frequency employed. If
a difference in frequency is detected, the program again branches to the retune program. If it is determined that the VSWR is less than 2:1 and the frequency has not changed, the computer returns to the "sleep" mode.
Once it is determined that re-tuning is necessary, a test is made to see if 'J3' is
set to tune from memory. If the result is re-tuning from memory, the frequency
is measured and tuning data is recalled from the memory based on the
frequency measured.
56
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SG-235 Manual
The recalled data is then tested for validity. If the data proves invalid, it is
bypassed and re-tuning is performed. If the data recalled proves valid, the data
is sent to the relays and the VSWR is checked. If the VSWR is less than 2:1, the
program branches to the "OK Tuned" section of the program. If the VSWR is
found to be greater than 2:1, the program branches to the "re-tune" program.
Several tests are made to determine which tuning algorithm or path should be
used to tune the coupler. These tests are based on frequency, antenna input
impedance, antenna phase, and VSWR. Numerous subroutines are executed
repeatedly, depending on the status of the criteria mentioned above, in order
to achieve proper tuning.
Should the initial primary tuning sequence prove unsuccessful, secondary
algorithms are attempted until all possible routines have been exhausted. If, at
this point, an acceptable VSWR has not been achieved, the tuner status acquisition time is increased, and the tuning process is repeated.
If, after the second attempt, the tuner still cannot achieve a proper VSWR, the
program branches to a "no-tune" program. Here, the tune indicators will
blink on and off, all tuning elements will be removed, and the tuner will go
into a 20 second time delay. During this time delay, the transmit frequency is
monitored. Should a change in frequency occur, the tuner will revert to the
beginning of the interrupt segment of the program and attempt to tune the
new frequency.
If the tuner achieves a good VSWR during the tuning sequence, the program
branches to the "OK Tune" section of the code. Here, the tune indicators are
engaged. A test is then made to check if 'J3' is set to tune from memory. If so,
the frequency is measured and the tuning elements used are saved in memory
coupled with a verification code.
Once saved, a test is made on 'J2' to check if the duplex mode has been selected.
If so, the transmit tuning elements remain in circuit until the receive mode is
verified. At this time all tuning elements are removed.
The current frequency is then saved for future comparison and the computer
reverts back to the "sleep" mode.
9.2
TUNING ALGORITHMS OR PATHS
As mentioned previously, various tests are executed to determine the most logical tuning sequence to be performed. Dependent on the test results, additional
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tests and appropriate subroutines are executed throughout the tuning process.
Following are examples of the activity that occurs when the tuner must be
matched to a frequency that requires a slightly longer or shorter antenna:
9.3
Antenna Too Short
Antenna
L1
50 ohms
C in
Once the tuner has verified RF power, the tuning sequence is as follows:
1.
Series inductance is added until the phase is deemed as being
inductive. At this point it is normal for the input impedance to be low.
2.
Input capacitance is added until the antenna is no longer inductive.
3.
Tests are conducted continuously on the VSWR phase and input
impedance. As long as the VSWR is greater than 4:1, the program
will continue to increment the series inductance in .125 µh steps each time normalizing the input impedance with input capacitance.
4.
When the VSWR goes below 4:1, the computer will retain the data it
determines is less than 2:1 until input impedance is no longer low or
VSWR climbs higher than 2:1. The previous data is then tested once
again to verify validity.
5.
At this point the tune indicators are engaged. The current relay data
is saved if 'J-3' is set to tune from memory, and if 'J-2" is set to the
tuning elements out during receive position, the program waits until
forward power is no longer present, then removes all tuning
elements. The current frequency is saved for future frequency
comparison, and the computer reverts back to the "sleep" mode.
58
© 1998 SGC Inc
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SG-235 Manual
9.4
Antenna too long
Antenna
L1
50 ohms
C
out
Once the tuner has verified RF power, the tuning sequence is as follows:
1.
Output capacitance is added until input impedance test results are low.
2.
At this point, the antenna will be capacitive. Therefore, series
inductance is added until the antenna is no longer capacitive.
3.
Fine tuning is performed by trying a small amount of input
capacitance (this may or may not be required).
4.
At this point, the program executes the "OK Tuned" sequence, reacting
to 'J-3', 'J-2', etc., eventually reverting to the "sleep" mode.
The preceding gives a simplified overall program flow on only two possible
antenna conditions. Much more complex tuning is normally the case.
Further detailed description, however, is beyond the scope of this publication.
The actual program is copyrighted and is not available.
9.5
J-2 - Tuning elements out during receive
(FACTORY default SETTING: NO)
YES
In this position the software will retain data required in transmit to
match the tuner while removing all tuning elements when no
forward power is detected.
NO
In this position the tuner will retain the required tuning data and
will not change anything whether in receive or transmit.
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If typical operation is out of band duplex, '"YES'" would be most likely to give
better performance. If in band operation is typical and duplex or simplex is
the predominant mode of operation, then 'NO' is usually the better choice.
9.6
J-1 - Tune from memory
(FACTORY default SETTING: YES)
YES
In this position the tuner will recall data previously saved and
try this data before attempting to re-tune. If the data is valid and the
VSWR is less than 2:1 the tuner is done. In this position the tuner will
save new data in its' memory for any frequency. A new frequency
must first be learned, while in this mode, before it can be recalled.
NO
In this position, the tuner will not use previously saved tuning data.
Each time a different frequency is selected the tuner will proceed
through a complete tuning sequence.
Clearly, the advantage of "YES" is speed. The tuner will seem to be matched
instantly when in this position, if the frequency being used has previously
been memorized in this mode. Obvious disadvantages include a difference in
frequency too small for the computer to detect. This would result in recall of
valid data that may not necessarily present the best match.
It is suggested to start with 'J-1' in the "YES" position.
expected, don't change it.
¥
to
If operation is as
Note: The SG-235 does provide a way to by-pass tuning from memory
even with JP1 set to ÒYESÓ. To do this, the SmartLock PRO must be
installed. If the coupler tunes from memory and you want the coupler
try to find a better setting, do the following:
1. Switch the SmartLock PRO to Tune Lock.
2. Press the reset button while in the Tune Locked LED is flashing.
3. Switch Tune Lock back to Normal
Now when RF power is applied, the coupler will proceed through the tuning
algorithm and when a solution is achieved, these setting will overwrite pre vious settings for that particular frequency.
To return to normal tuning from memory, simply press the reset button
while the SmartLock PRO is set on N o r m a l.
60
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SG-235 Manual
9.7
J P 3 - P T T out Control
( F a c t o r y d e f a u l t s e t t i n g : Y E S)
Y E S In this position, the SG-235 will keep the 500-watt amplifier in the
transmit mode (after the coupler has found a match) as long as the PTT signal from the radio is asserted (low), whether or not RF power is applied to
the coupler.
NO
In this position, the SG-235 will keep the 500-watt amplifier in the
transmit mode (after the SG-235 has found a match) as long as RF power
(more than 5 watts) is applied to the coupler.
10.0 Smartlock PRO Operation
The Smartlock PRO allows the operator to have additional control over the SG-235.
10.1 Tune, Tune Lock, and Reset
T u n e d (green LED)-
Turns on when the coupler has successfully tuned.
N o r m a l / Tune Lock - Toggle switch allows user to prevent coupler retuning by switching to the Tune Lock position. When in the Tune Lock position,
the red LED blinks to notify the user that the coupler is locked on the current setting.
R e s e t - Pushing the red reset button allows the coupler to be reset. This is
preferable to the other method of turning the input power off and on.
10.2 Smartlock Pro Notes
The Tune Lock function is in most cases unneeded. Inadvertent retuning is a
rare occurrence. Retuning may occur when the environment or antenna
system has changed. In this case, retuning is within normal operation of the
coupler. However, the function is still provided with the SG-235 to be used if
desired.
The SG-235 can also override the Tune From Memory jumper setting. In some
cases, a recalled setting from memory may yield a VSWR less than 2:1 but
may not be the best setting attainable. For this situation, the coupler can be
forced to retune and store the new settings in memory.
To do this, first switch to the Tune Lock position and then push the reset button. Now, switch back to Normal position, activating the Tune From Memory
by-pass. Every new transmitted frequency will cause the coupler to retune
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and store the new setting in memory, over writing any previous settings. To
return to normal Tune From Memory, simply push the reset button while in
Normal Position.
Quick Start Guide
Remote Manual Tuning
To quickly install your antenna coupler you will need the following:
1.
An HF radio with 3 to 500 watts output.
2.
An HF antenna with a single wire feed (not coax fed).
Minimum length of 50 feet (from 3.0 MHz) or 300 feet (from 1.8 MHz).
3.
A good ground (counterpoise) for the antenna and coupler
4.
+12 VDC and ground for the coupler.
5.
An IBM compatible desktop or laptop computer with MS Windows 3.1 or
better and a 386 or better microprocessor.
Connections: Connect the Smartuner to the PC cable as shown in the following diagram:
SG-235
Smartuner
SGÐ230PRO
Smartuner
(side view)
Ground bolt
Wire antenna
Antenna output
porcelain
connectors
25 (2.8
feet meters)
9 feet
Large ground (counterpoise) system
To transmitter
PL Ð 259
(See BlackÑground
diagram on
Quick Start at
Red + 12VDC
front of manual
for cable
details)
Red/WhiteÑ
Diagram of Smartuner Installation
Smartlock
control line
(optional)
Black/WhiteÑ
Operation:
62
© 1998 SGC Inc
1.
Install the software on your computer by running the setup file.
2.
Connect cables to the coupler, PC, and radio.
3.
Turn on power to the coupler and radio.
4.
Coupler should come up in the bypass (untuned) state.
5.
Double click the ÒSGC SmartTunerÓ icon.
6.
In the Manual Tuner program, select proper COM port under the Ports menu.
7.
In the Manual Tuner program, select Establish Link under the Run menu.
8.
Radio may be placed in transmit if it is emitting less than 30 watts.
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SG-235 Manual
11.0 Troubleshooting the SG-235
Only a small number of installation mistakes can be made. These will fall into
one of several categories: ground fault, cable fault, and antenna fault. There
is also a slight chance of an electrical fault in the coupler.
When you are troubleshooting the SG-235 and you understand that there are
three variables, you should change each variable, in sequence, to determine
where the problem lies. If you change the ground, antenna, or supply voltage, you are bound to change the performance of the coupler.
11.1
Ground Faults
Common ground faults include faulty counterpoise, indecisive ground,
differing resistance, improper bonding, and problems resulting from
inaccurate assumptions.
F a u l t y c o u n t e r p o i s e . The most common problem encountered here is when
an installation has been made without a proper counterpoise. If the counterpoise is electrically smaller than the antenna, the system may load Òupside
downÓÑwhere the antenna acts as the counterpoise and the counterpoise radiates. When this condition occurs, the operator may encounter ÒRF BitesÓ from
touching metal objects connected to the counterpoise.
I n d e c i s i v e g r o u n d . A second kind of ground fault occurs when the decision
whether the ground or the antenna should radiate is difficult. When this condition is encountered (usually at a frequency where the counterpoise is near
resonance), the coupler may cycle repeatedly. This condition may be addressed
as follows:
¥ You may give short bursts of CW and when the coupler stops in a
tuned condition, as indicated by the remote tuned LED, you may
invoke the SmartLock Pro Tune Lock function, thus forcing the
coupler to retain correct settings.
¥ You may simply change the ground system so that it becomes larger
than the antenna at the problem frequency.
D i f f e r i n g r e s i s t a n c e . The third kind of ground fault which we encounter
occurs when a ground system and an antenna have very different electrical
resistance. This happens when you install a very conductive copper antenna
wire in an aircraft. When the fuselage is used as a counterpoise, the aluminum must be much bigger than would a copper ground because the internal resistance of aluminum is significantly higher than copper.
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
63
© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
By the way, this is why we don't like to use aluminum ground wires as radials.
Just as when aluminum is used in house wiring, several gauges larger are
needed to carry the same amount of current the same need applies here.
I m p r o p e r b o n d i n g . The fourth kind of ground fault you may encounter
occurs where the ground is not properly bonded to the coupler. We go to considerable effort to make sure the stainless steel ground stud is well connected
to the coupler.
Particularly in automobiles and aircraft, a single ground connection w i l l n o t
d o. It is mandatory that at least two ground bolt connections are used.
I n a c c u r a t e a s s u m p t i o n s . The fifth situation to check for is what we call
Òdangerous assumptionsÓ about the ground system. When you bond from the
antenna coupler to copper or iron water pipes, you might make an assumption
that the water pipes are a good ground. But in many installations,
copper pipes are used in the building but a plastic main connects to the
municipal system outside the service entrance. So much for a good ground.
11.2
Antenna Faults
The key to getting the most out of your Smartuner is to realize the antenna
begins right at the high voltage screw on the SG-235 case. In other words, this
is the feed point of your antenna system. Failing to install your coupler
accordingly will result in unsatisfactory operation. With this concept in mind,
you can easily avoid some of the common troubles with a properly planned
installation.
C o a x i a l c a b l e o n o u t p u t . Coax on the output is probably the single most
commonly asked question about the coupler and is the most misunderstood. Let
us reiterate: The Smartuner was not designed to feed a piece of coax.
S t r a y g r o u n d c a p a c i t a n c e . Stray ground capacitance is the next largest
cause of malfunctioning installations. If you have a long lead wire from the
coupler to a feed through (on a wall or bulkhead), you significantly increase
your chance of problems. Wire running parallel to a grounded surface may
represent a significant capacitance to ground and, just as with coax, this will
cause problems.
To give you an idea how these two points can cause problems, let us relate an
incident which happened in late 1992. A Smartuner user had a coupler
installed in a mobile ham radio installation. The coupler could not find a lock
on several bands. After going through his installation carefully, the user
called SGC for technical support. This user was nearing wits end.
64
© 1998 SGC Inc
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
SG-235 Manual
In working through the logical troubleshooting process with him, we discovered that he had used coaxial feed line from the insulator on the coupler to the
antenna feed point. Because he had read about the dangers of capacitance to
ground in an earlier edition of this manual, he did not have the coax shield
grounded. We had him remove the ungrounded braid and the installation
worked fine.
Experiences like this have taught us to be fanatical about using the shortest
possible wire and no coax on the output of the coupler.
Another key lesson here is that even if you have a low capacitance lead, a
high capacitance antenna will not work well. If you have a whip type antenna, mounted on the back of a van, you will have a large portion of the antenna
running right next to grounded sheet metal. This causes a high loss to ground,
one reason why we do not recommend CB type whip antennas. The other reason is the base insulation in ball mounts is inadequate for everything but
extremely low power.
L o n g l e a d l i n e s . If you have a Smartuner feeding a 9-foot antenna with a 1foot feed line located inside a hull or inside a vehicle, you have 10% of the
antenna where it will do you no good. If you have more than 5% of the antenna inside a grounded cabin, you will begin to lose performance.
A good rule of thumb is that under one foot of feed line is a good installation,
one to two feet aren't very good installations, and over two feet means you are
asking for trouble.
Ò O d d r e a c t a n c e . Ó The next category of antenna fault is what we call the Òodd
reactanceÓ problem. Although the Smartuner is an exceptionally well
designed product, you may from time to time find an antenna length which
just wonÕt quite work right. Generally this occurs when the Smartuner is having a tough time making up its mind about which of two tuning solutions is
better. If it is a very close call, you can have an antenna which causes cycling
and just won't stay locked.
The solution in such cases is to add or subtract a couple of feet of wire from the
antenna. This generally cures the problem.
As part of your checkout of an HF system, you should operate on all channels
and frequencies which you plan to use on a regular basis to insure the coupler
and antenna which you have provided work well.
A n t e n n a I n s u l a t o r . Sporadic operation may be caused by poor antenna
insulators. We have seen on sailboats, for example, people trying to save
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
65
© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
money by expecting the fiberglass hull to act as an insulator and not using a
lower insulator. The hull is not a good insulator and a thin layer of wet salt
water will degrade the ground further. Similarly, mobile HF users who rely on
a poor quality ballmount find these are especially prone to arc over inside the
ball mount where it is difficult to detect.
The point we are making here is simply this: you should have a leakage path
of 2 inches at all points on your antenna and especially in the area of the feed
point: 10,000 to 30,000 volts of RF energy will not be adequately confined by
inexpensive insulators.
11.3
Transmitter Faults
Some vexing problems don't relate directly to the antenna or the ground system but may nonetheless cause difficulties.
Here are two of the most common types:
O s c i l l a t i o n . The transmitter may have a tendency to oscillate. The general
symptom is that the coupler will work well with another radio but will not
tune correctly when the desired radio is in place. The coupler finds a tuning
solution, as indicated by the remote tune indicator going on, but then resumes
hunting. In a majority of cases this will be caused by an overly sensitive
transmitter final amplifier section or by inadequate shielding around the
amplifier.
We know of several radios that oscillate relatively easier than most radios
because they are housed in a plastic case. A plastic case does not provide an
adequate shield for serious RF components. In some of these cases, putting
grounded foil around the radio, or changing the radio location and orientation, has changed the symptoms. But if you want quality performance, select a
solid radio.
P o w e r s u p p l y . Power supplies have been known to cause problems for HF
users because they change voltage when the load on them changes. If the
transmitter is drawing heavy current, as transmitters do when they are running at peak input power, the voltage to the antenna coupler may change
enough to cause the coupler to either drop into a reset mode (under +11 VDC
being present) or, the transmitter final amplifier impedance may change
greatly, thus changing the tuning solution.
To alleviate this condition, remember to use a power supply which has both
adequate current handling capacity and good dynamic regulation. Better yet,
use a regulated power supply of an adequate rating.
66
© 1998 SGC Inc
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
SG-235 Manual
11.4
A Final Pointer on Troubleshooting
Remember that the SG-235 is an excellent piece of equipment which will give
outstanding performance. If you have a problem with the coupler finding a
tuning solution, you should change one variable at a time.
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
67
© 1998 SGC Inc
SG-235 Manual
SGC Equipment
Standard Warranty
SGC wishes you to be satisfied with your new equipment purchase. This SGC product therefore is warranted to be without defect in
workmanship or materials for a period of one year from the date of purchase. Proof of a date of purchase is required when requesting
warranty service.
The warranty registration card which is furnished with this product should be returned immediately to provide evidence of purchase
and to assure receipt of important notices regarding your SGC equipment and related services.
In the event of a defect as defined above, SGC shall, at its option, either repair or replace the product free of charge to the purchaser,
provided that:
1.
The warranty is limited to the original purchaser and is not assignable.
2.
As a condition to obtaining warranty services, purchaser must at its own expense deliver the product to SGC's facility in
King County, Washington. If purchaser returns a model that is no longer in stock, SGC reserves the option to replace that
unit with another model with comparable capabilities. SGC may choose the carrier for return of the unit, provided that
purchaser may request an alternative method of shipment.
3.
This warranty is void if your SGC product:
a) has not been operated in accordance with all procedures described in the operating instructions;
b) has been serviced, adapted or modified without written approval by SGC; or
c) is improperly installed, used, or otherwise damaged (including without limitation any damage by fire, smoke or water).
4.
There is no warranty coverage for any of the following:
a) costs of removing or reinstalling the product when submitted for warranty service;
b) incidental, consequential or exemplary damages arising from any defect or failure of the product (except to the extent
that applicable state law may not allow exclusions or limitations on such damages, in which case this exclusion may not
apply to you);
c) any non-performance of the product due to an inadequate or improperly tuned antenna or grounding system;
d) transmission range or geographical coverage of the product, which are highly variable in each application;
e) routine maintenance, periodic adjustment or performance testing of the product as recommended in the operating
instructions; or
f) normal wear and tear on the product.
5.
THIS LIMITED WARRANTY SHALL CONSTITUTE THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY FOR YOUR
PRODUCT. SGC DISCLAIMS ANY OTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, INCLUDING WITHOUT
LIMITATION ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
6.
This limited warranty contains the complete obligations of SGC to pur chaser in connection with this product, and it shall
upersede all previous oral or written statements or agreements concerning such obligations. This warranty may only be
amended by a writing signed by an authorized officer of SGC.
7.
After expiration of the warranty herein, SGC may continue to offer repair services to keep your equipment operational.
Please inquire as to the prevailing charges for such service.
68
© 1998 SGC Inc
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
SG-235 Manual
Notes
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
69
© 1998 SGC Inc
Appendix - QMS System
AppendixÑ QMS System
Introduction
SGCÕs QMS (Quick Mount System) is the newest addition to the many outstanding
products manufactured by SGC, Inc. that incorporate the latest technological
developments in both design and craftsmanship. Featuring state of the art
technology in microprocessor-based communication equipment, the QMS represents high reliability backed by over 28 years of communication experience.
NOTE: SGC, Inc. retains the right to change, modify, delete and
add to the QMS series at any time without notice.
Unpacking QMS
We recommend unpacking the QMS antenna system and inspecting the contents. This is necessary to ensure that no damage has occurred due to shipping
and that all items are accounted for as verified from the packing list as follows:
One QMS Manual
One Warranty Card
One QMS Black Anodized Assembly complete
with four straps (each two feet long)
Note: If the QMS is purchased in a package configuration, please refer to the
coupler and antenna manuals for their packing lists of the items supplied.
QMS Installation Instructions
The QMS (Quick Mount System) antenna and coupler system can be mounted in
virtually any location convenient to the user. Some consideration may be
given, however, to the items listed below:
Installation Considerations
1.
Locate the QMS system as far from the engine as possible. This should
reduce interference generated by the engine, spark plug noise, etc. from getting into the antenna system.
2.
If possible, mounting your QMS in an area clear of objects will reduce
the danger of damaging the QMS. For instance, if driving in rough terrain, the
QMS is likely to be hit by trees, stumps, or rocks. If the unit were mounted on
the back of the vehicle, damage would be less likely to occur than if a side
mount was used.
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
A-1
© 1998 SGC Inc
Appendix - QMS System
3.
If you will be traveling in an area where overhead restrictions may
prevent use of your SG-303 antenna, the antenna should be folded down and
secured to prevent damage from brush, trees, or low structures.
SGC
SG-303 antenna
Antenna
See Inset
Detail
Straps and
Tension
Buckle
QMS Antenna Tuner
Mounting System
for Your SSB
QMS
Universal
Mount
System
Coupler
SG-235 installed
Coupler
installed
inside
inside
QMS
QMS TM
enclosure
Suction
cups (4)
enclosure
Figure A-1ÑQMS installation on the rear deck of a sedan
A-2
© 1998 SGC Inc
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
Appendix - QMS System
4.
When connecting the coupler to the radio/transceiver, a passageway
for the control cable (consisting of an RG-58 coax cable, control wire,
power, and ground, plus the optional tuned indicator wire) will need to be
provided.
Note: By removing the four screws for the ratchet mount base of the SG-303
antenna, the mount can be installed or reinstalled to provide the user with
the set-up most suitable for the application. Insure the screws are tightly
secured after reinstallation.
5.
Once a location for the QMS has been selected, mounting becomes a
simple task. The QMS enclosure mounts in virtually any attitude and the
straps can be moved to either side of the enclosure to accommodate the vehicle (see Figures A-1, A-2, and A-3 for typical installations).
SGC
SG-303
ANTENNA
Antenna
MOUNTED
WITH FOUR
LARGE
SUCTION
CUPS
STRAP AND
TENSION
BUCKLES
SIDE
DETAIL
COUPLER INSTALLED
INSIDE THE QMS
ENCLOSURE
QMS ANTENNA
SYSTEM MOUNTING
Figure A-2ÑSide view of QMS installation on the side of a small van
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
A-3
© 1998 SGC Inc
Appendix - QMS System
SHEETS OF PAPER WILL PREVENT
SUCTION CUPS FROM BECOMING
RE-ATTACHED DURING
PLACEMENT OR REMOVAL
8 FT. WHIP ANTENNA
CUP
BOTTOM CUP
QMS
CUP
CUP
PAPER
SGC Antenna
System
SG-303
ANTENNA
SYSTEM
PAPER
RUBBER
ENCAPSULATED
RING
10"
24" MAX
18" LONG
12" WIDE
4"
DETAIL
5" MAX
24" MAX
QMS
STRAP &
TENSION
BUCKLES
CONTROL CABLE
GROUND BRAID
9 FEET SUPPLIED 8 FEET SUPPLIED
SUCTION
CUP
4 BELTS MUST BE TIGHTENED UNTIL FULL COMPRESSION
OF
THE SUCTION CUPS IS ACHIEVED
SUCTION RELEASE
TAB
Figure A-3ÑMounting atop large truck cab
Installation Precautions
To ensure safe operation of your QMS system, the following installation,
mechanical, and electrical precautions should always be taken:
1.
Insure that all four straps are pulled down tightly and the suction cup
feet have been securely compressed.
A-4
© 1998 SGC Inc
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
Appendix - QMS System
2.
Insure that the high voltage wire protruding from your antenna system
is not routed near any metallic objects such as your vehicleÕs frame or metal
posts. This wire is part of the flexible insulator of your QMS system.
3.
Insure that the ground braid is attached to a good vehicle ground system. Do not run ground currents through any hinges. Be sure to make the
ground braid as short as possible. Remove all paint and rust from your grounding area. Remember, your ground system is one half of your antenna system.
4.
Locate the control wire to the QMS, from the transceiver/radio, away
from any other wiring inside your vehicle. This control wire contains a high
power RF coax cable which can radiate into other wires (such as your head-totransceiver control cables) causing feedback in your transceiver.
5.
The webbing, buckles, and hooks of your QMS have a rating of 1,000
pounds. Ensure that the hooks are attached to a suitable structure, such as a
trunk lid, or something that will not cave in when the straps are pulled tightly
to secure the unit.
In no case should the operator use fewer than the four
straps provided to secure the unit. The suction cups
alone will not provide sufficient mounting for the QMS.
6.
When locating the gutter clip (which secures your SG-303 antenna
when not in use), mount the unit in a location where the tip of the SG-303
antenna is easily accessible for threading through the ÒOÓ ring. Failure to
thread the SG-303 antenna could result in damage both to the antenna and to
your vehicle.
7.
When the QMS system is securely fastened to your vehicle, route the
control cable to your transceiver. Any 150 watt PEP, 50 ½ transceiver may be
used. The control cable consists of four wires: one RG-58 coax cable and three
small wires (for connections, refer to the SGC coupler manual).
8.
Refer to QMS system illustration for dimensions and mounting details.
When you are confident that items 1 through 8 have been thoroughly
checked, you are ready to install the tip of the SG-303 antenna. Be sure to
secure all items with the appropriate tool and to read all product manuals prior
to installation or operation.
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
A-5
© 1998 SGC Inc
Appendix - QMS System
WARNING: If you do not properly and securely attach this unit to
the vehicle and it comes loose, the speed of the vehicle may
cause the unit to injure others.
General Installation Information
The mobile communication tips found below apply to any mobile installation,
not merely to the QMS or other SGC product.
¥
For the best performance and radiation, always mount your
antenna system on the highest part of the vehicle. Approximately 3 to
15 dB in radiation performance may be gained in simply re-positioning
your antenna system from a low to a high point.
¥
Never use your antenna system while the antenna is reclining
against the body or the roof of the vehicle. In this situation, you may
find your antenna system performance varies from 6 to 15dB making it
difficult or impossible for your coupler to find a proper tuning position.
¥
The noise generated in your vehicle can, in some cases, totally
obliterate your receiving signal. A noise blanker cannot eliminate the
noise; it can only help reduce the consequences associated with the
noise generated. It may in some cases give you a clearer signal.
¥
The most efficient way to approach a vehicular noise problem is
to eliminate the noise at its source. Upon finding the source, use the
appropriate technique to eliminate the noise, replacing the defective
item if need be. Use only the appropriate filter component to filter out
any noise (before it radiates to your antenna).
¥
For the connection to the battery system of your radio, use a
heavy gauge wire (not less than six gauge). Never use your chassis
ground return for your negative line connection.
Doing so will cause you to lose too much in line voltage and
pick up un necessary electrical vehicle noise. Always make a
direct connection from the radio to the battery. Remember
you need as much input power as possible to generate the
most output power possible.
¥
If you use your radio system often, you may consider the use of a
small sealed 40 AH gel cell battery, which requires no service, mounted
directly next to your radio. It will provide you the best overall
performance and will eliminate a great deal of electrical noise you
might find in your line.
A-6
© 1998 SGC Inc
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
Appendix - QMS System
Use of the gel cell battery may require a lesser gauge wire
to recharge, in comparison to the large wire required to
connect the radio directly to the main battery.
¥
In the charging line of this auxiliary battery, you may want a
diode of 100 Amp. capacity to allow the battery to be charged, so as not
to discharge with the rest of the electrical system. (You could use this
auxiliary battery, in an emergency situation, to jump the main
battery. To do this, however, you must provide a local or remote switch
to allow the battery to operate the electrical system of the vehicle
(temporarily) to start the engine.)
Additional Installation Suggestions
Suction Cups
Protecting Painted Surfaces When applying the high suction devices
incorporated into the QMS, it is important to observe two important
rules:
¥ Surfaces must be cleaned prior to installation to prevent scratching.
¥ Surfaces must be protected during removal to prevent marring.
E l i m i n a t i n g D a m a g e t o P a i n t e d S u r f a c e s . The suction cups on
your QMS are of extremely high quality. They will provide excellent
service for many years provided you follow certain basic cautions
when using them:
¥ When you are applying the suction cups, prepare the surface by
cleaning with mild detergent and rinsing thoroughly. The clean
surface, free of scratches, will provide superior holding power.
¥ If the QMS being applied has been used previously, the suction cups
should be cleaned with mild detergent and water, then rinsed
thoroughly.
¥ Spread a thin layer of silicon grease, or pharmaceutical grade
lubricant such as ÒVaseline,Ó around the edge of the suction cup
where it comes in contact with the surface of the vehicle.
Refer to Figure A-4 on the following page:
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
A-7
© 1998 SGC Inc
Appendix - QMS System
Figure A-4ÑSuction Cup (underside view)
Apply silicon grease
to shaded area
This will prevent slow leakage of air, which will reduce the holding
power of the suction cups over time. It will also protect the painted
surface.
If the surface of the vehicle is very rough, the installation procedure
remains the same. The suction cup will have to be pressed against the
vehicle surface in the same way, but more lubricant may be necessary.
T i g h t e n i n g t h e Q M S S t r a p s . The QMS enclosure must be tightly
strapped to the vehicle. To ensure it is properly strapped, grab the base
of the antenna mounted on the QMS and push firmly up and down. The
vehicle should move up and down, but the QMS should not. If the QMS
moves and the vehicle does not, increase the tension on the QMS straps.
R e m o v i n g t h e Q M S . Wash the vehicle in the area around the suction
cups before removing. This will reduce any chance of surface marring.
¥
Release suction by applying a rolling sideways motion to the tabs
on the suction cups as shown in the following drawing:
QMS
Housing
QMS
Housing
Suction
Cup
Suction Cup
Release
Tabs
Release Tabs
A-8
© 1998 SGC Inc
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
Appendix - QMS System
¥
To make removal of the unit easier, you may slide a piece of paper
between the suction cup and the vehicle surface (see Figure A-3). In
this way, each of the suction cup tabs may be loosened sequentially as
shown:
S t o r i n g Y o u r Q M S . To store your QMS unit for long periods of time,
apply a thin coating of talcum powder to the suction cups. This
treatment increases the life span of rubber products.
SGC Inc. SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th St. Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
P.O. Box 3526, 98009 Fax: 425-746-6384 Tel: 425- 746-6310 or 1-800-259 7331
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
A-9
© 1998 SGC Inc
Q M S Antenna
Coupler System
The Quick Mount System
for any mobile HF rig
No Compromise
Communications
• QMS offers unsurpassed frequency
agility needing no
user intervention
• QMS includes SGC
Smartuner automatic
antenna coupler,
extended full-range
antenna, and weather
resistant QMS
package
QMS Descriptions:
QMS-b2 cat. #55-47
includes the SG-230
(200W)
1.8 to 30 MHz
SG-303 9 ft. antenna
QMS-b3 cat. #55-48
includes the SG-235
(500W)
3.0 to 30 MHz
SG-303 9 ft. antenna
QMS-a7 cat. #55-49
includes the SG-231
(100W)
1.0 to 60 MHz
Includes VHF bands
SG-307 7 ft. antenna
(QMS-7 not shown)
®
1-800-259-7331
The SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th Street, P.O. Box 3526, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA
No Compromise Communications
Phone: 425-746-6310 FAX: 425-746-6384
E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.sgcworld.com
© August, 1997 SGC, Inc.
The QMS Antenna System
S
Specifications:
(QMS-7 specifications included on separate brochure.)
trap the QMS on your favorite family or business vehicle. You’ll
find it gives any HF-SSB superior frequency agility and
exceptional performance.
The SGC Smartuner automatic antenna coupler, the SG-303
extended full-range antenna, and the special exterior QMS mounting
package comprise the QMS. Mounting coupler and antenna outside
the vehicle reduces engine noise and interference.
It can be quickly installed and easily moved from vehicle to
vehicle). No drilling or vehicle modifications are required. Industrial
suction cups secure the QMS to the vehicle, without damaging the
finish, and high strength straps and buckles complete the job and give
structural integrity.
QMS (Quick Mount System)
QMS-b2 cat.# 55-47
QMS-b3 cat.# 55-48
Total QMS system weight:
21 lb.
Overall QMS case dimensions
18 x 12 x 5 in.
Housing finish:
Black hard anodized
Maximum strap length: 5.5 ft.
Maximum strap tension:
2000 lb.
Strap width:
1 in.
Maximum allowable vehicle
speed:
75 miles per hour
SMARTUNERS
T
he SG-303 is a durable and lightweight antenna designed for
mobile applications. It’s a high efficiency radiator, by virtue of its
dual element design. In construction, a single fiberglass whip, helically
wound, has a primary resonance at 10 MHz and a secondary resonance
at 22 MHz. So at lower frequencies—those under approximately 20
MHz—the SG-303 will vastly outperform a conventional 9-foot whip
antenna. The QMS puts the entire antenna system outside the vehicle
for high efficiency and low noise.
© August, 1997 SGC, Inc.
T
he Smartuner HF antenna coupler is the working brain inside the
QMS system. It automatically evaluates and switches 64 input and 32
output capacitance combinations, plus 256 inductance combinations in
a π network. The result is over a halfmillion different ways to ensure a perfect • microprocessor
controlled
match between the transceiver and the
antenna. Smartuner remembers the cho- • non-volatile
memory
sen frequency and tuning values and will
automatically reselect these values—in • 16” D x 12” W x 3” H
• 1.8 to 30MHz range
less than 10 ms—each time you transmit • water resistant
on that frequency. It operates with any
HF transceiver.
(See QMS-7 brochure for more options.)
®
No Compromise
Communications
The SGC Building, 13737 S.E. 26th Street, P.O. Box 3526,
Bellevue, WA 98009 USA
Phone: 425-746-6310 800-259-7331 FAX: 425-746-6384 425-746-7173
E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.sgcworld.com
SG-230
SG-235
SG-230PRO
SG-231*
cat. # 54-12
cat. # 54-15
cat. # 54-16
cat. # 54-17
HF Frequency range:
SG-230
SG-235
SG-230PRO
SG-231*
1.8 to 30 MHz
1.6 to 30 MHz
1.6 to 30 MHz
1.0 to 60 MHz
Input Impedance range:
25 to 100 Ω
VSWR: Typical—less than 2:1
DC input Voltage: 13.8 VDC
(SG-230 and SG-230PRO only
option: 24 VDC)
Input current: Average .9 amps
SG-235: 1.4 amps
Random set time:
Typical—
less than 2 seconds
Recurrent set time: Typical—
less than 10 milliseconds
Non-volatile memory
addresses:
SG-230 = 500
SG-230PRO, SG-235 & SG-231 = 170
SG-303 antenna cat. # 55-27
Frequency range:
1.8 to 30 MHz
Maximum Power:
500 watts PEP voice or CW
Length: 9 ft., including
adjustable ratchet mount
Equivalent:
23-foot antenna
Design:
helically wound
* use with QMS-7
SG-500
SMARTPOWERCUBE
Microprocessor
Controlled Linear
Amplifier
TM
(cat. #52-96)
Dramatically boost your
which has occurred. Backing up this userpower, at low cost. fault
friendly visual system, the SG-500’s microprocessor
protects the SmartPowerCube from faults with
preprogrammed shutdown procedures; in the event
of a microprocessor fault, the unit shuts down
automatically.
The SG-500 is designed to do exceptional
service in fixed, mobile, and marine applications.
It’s an exceptionally rugged power source with a
cast aluminum enclosure and extra heavy duty
heat sinks, powder coat finish, and only the
most durable electronic components and
assembly techniques. In real world
applications, it’s nearly indestructible.
It’s also very compact, taking up less than 1
cubic foot of space. Considering how much
power it produces, the SmartPowerCube is
remarkably light, around 21lb. (9.5kg.). So, it
may be heavyweight in performance, but it’s
slim and trim for installation.
Most significantly, the SG-500 is specifically designed to operate in an unattended manner. In other words, it’s ideal for installations
where access to the amplifier is limited.
TM
TM
When evaluating the 12 volt SG-500
SmartPowerCube , the key word is “smart.”
because the SG-500 is not just another mindless mass of wire and diodes simply pumping power
down the line. It’s an intelligent –microprocessor
controlled– high powered linear amplifier. It constantly
monitors your HF-SSB’s activities, power needs and
antenna condition, and automatically–in less than 15
milliseconds–selects the right broadband filter.
A bank of status LED’s on the front panel of the
SmartPowerCube functions as built-in test equipment
(BITE) and allows the operator to quickly determine any
TM
TM
The SmartPowerCubeTM produces
tremendous power– nearly as
much as a 1 kW amplifier.
Ample heat sinks help it
reliably do the job.
®
“No Compromise communications”
SGC, Inc., P.O. Box 3526 , Bellevue, WA 98009 USA
Tel: 425-746-6310 or 1-800-259-7331 Fax: 425-746-6384
E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
SGC reserves the right to modify specifications without notice.
© Copyright October, 1997 SGC, Inc.
TM
The SG-500
SmartPowerCube .
It’s high power,
that’s intelligent,
at low cost.
SG-500 SmartPowerCube
TM
Power Output:
SSB:
CW:
Full 500 watt output.
• The SG-500 produces enough
power to be within 1 “S” unit
(3dB) of a 1 kW amplifier.
Microprocessor Controlled:
• Automatically adjusts amplifier
input sensitivity.
• Monitors all parameters for
faults (Heat, high VSWR, under
voltage, etc.).
• Automatically selects the
correct filter band.
• Export versions control
transmit/receive switching.
Heavy duty cooling fan option for
continuous CW use. (cat. #51-82)
Fully compatible with most HF
equipment produced by SGC or
other HF manufacturers.
SG-500 features microprocessor
controlled LED bank fault
indicators and extra heavy-duty
input/output connections.
Important Installation Tips:
• The SmartPowerCube should
be located as close as possible to
the antenna or coupler.
• When installing the
SmartPowerCube , be
absolutely certain that your
antenna will handle the power
output.
• Since some antennas are
overrated, plan on using an
antenna system which is
designed for at least 1 kW of
power. Antennas rated at 500
watts or less are likely to fail.
• Avoid corona discharge by
using “corona dope” to coat
pointed metal parts on your
antenna.
• Antenna wire should be at least
AWG #8.
• Feedline should be at least
RG-8, with larger cable for runs
over 25 feet.
TM
© Copyright October, 1997 SGC, Inc.
TM
Only premium components and
assembly techniques are utilized.
The SG-500 is engineered and
built to reliably function,
essentially unattended, in the
most demanding conditions.
®
“No Compromise Communications”
Specifications:
1-800-259-7331
SGC, Inc., P.O. Box 3526, Bellevue, WA
98009 USA Tel: 425-746-6310
Fax: 425-746-6384
E-mail: [email protected]
Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
AM:
500 watts PEP
500 watts 10 Min.
(no fan) 500 watts
Unlimited with fan
250 watts Carrier
max.
Frequency
Range:
1.6-24 MHz (U.S.) (For
marine and ham use
pending FCC approval)
1.6-30 MHz (Export)
Power Input:
50-90 watts
(Automatic or preset) 90150 watts
Band Switching: Fully Automatic
Input Voltage: 14.0 VDC
Input Range:
10.0-18.0 VDC
Input Current:
40 amps average (SSB)
90 amps peak, or for CW
Cooling:
Convection standard
Optional
Cooling:
Cooling fans
T/R Switching
Time:
10 mS nominal
Band Switch
Time:
15 mS nominal
Keying:
Via PTT line (U.S.
version) PTT or RF
Sense (Export)
Protection:
Input overdrive Under
voltage (adjustable):
Factory default 10.0
VDC Amplifier module
current imbalance VSWR
faults
Frequency out of specified range Over current
Over temperature
Built-In Test
Equipment:
Microprocessor
controlled LED band
fault indicator
Modes
Supported:
SSB, CW, RRTY,
SITOR, ALE, SSTV,
AM at 250 watts
Dimentions:
6Hx12.25Dx11.4W
inches
With Optional
Cooling Fans: Changes H to 9.75
inches
Color:
Matte black
Case:
Special aluminum
casting
Weight:
21 lb. (9.5Kg)
SG-500:
catalog #52-96
Fan Option:
catalog #51-82
SGC reserves the right to modify
specifications without notice.
© Augus 1998 SGC nc
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?
Intelligent Tuning
Correct Top Mount
Antenna Location
Correct Side Mount
Antenna Location
Correct Workboat
(Metal Bridge) Location
Correct Powerboat
(Flybridge Cruiser) Location
®
No Compromise
Communications
SG-235
Specifications
The SG-235 is
designed for maximum flexibility. RF
“pi” network has
over a half million
microprocessor
combinations
Intelligent Installation Enhancements
QMS Automatic Antenna
Coupler System.
Special external mounting system for SG-235. Gives an
incredible boost in receiving and transmitting range—
between 3 and 20 dB gain! (Cat. No. 55-47)
SmartLock Option.
Provides two external controls for the SG-235:
Locking function prevents re-tuning
despite changing antenna loads (e.g.,
from passing trucks or from driving
beneath an overpass); Reset function
forces the SG-235 into the retune cycle
until the signal is transmitted again or
allows receiver/scan operation in a
broadband antenna mode. (Catalog No. 54-63)
Typical SG-303 Mobile Antenna Installations
Correct “Jeep” Mount
Antenna Location
1-800-259-7331
The SGC Building 13737 S.E. 26th Street, Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
Box 3526, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA 425-746-6310 or 1-800-259-7331
FAX: 425-746-6384 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.sgcworld.com
HF Frequency
Ranges
1.8 to 30MHz
Power
Input Range:
5 to 500 watts (PEP)
Input Impedance
Range:
45 to 55 ohms
VSWR:
Random Set
Times:
Recurrent Set
Times:
antenna
Case
Construction:
Correct Sailboat
(Sloop Rig) Location
Cable:
Typical—less than
2:1
DC Input
Requirement:
+13.6VDC
DC Operating
Range:
+10.5 to 15 VDC
Input Current: Average—.9 amps
Typical—less than
2 seconds
Typical— less than
10 milliseconds
Non-volatile
Memory
Addresses:
170
Antenna
Length:
Min. length 50 ft.,
Min. length 300 ft.,
3.0 MHz
1.8 MHz
Installation:
Any position
Operating
Temperature:
coupler
-35° to +70°C
Environmental: Waterproof at
immersion of half
meter, half hour
Size Overall:
16 D x 12 W x 3H inches
40.6DS x 30.5W x 7.6H
centimeters
Weight:
8 pounds (3.5 kilos)
Plastic ABS
weatherproof case
SGC special cable,
25 feet coaxial and
two power wire
input wires, RMT
tune and smartlock
SG-235
500 watt Smartuner
™
Automatic Antenna Coupler for
all HF-SSB Bands
and Modes
Smart Tuning—Now at 500 watts
.
Now you can achieve perfect coupling of your
500-watt HF-SSB to your antenna.
Now you can go mobile at 500 watts.
The SG-235 Smartuner™ forms the perfect link
with any 500-watt amplifier for high power
performance.
The SG-235 Smartuner™ “intelligently” tunes
any length antenna from 23 feet! No preliminary
tuning or adjustment is required, and the SG-235
®
• Microprocessor Controlled, Precision,
Automatic Antenna Tuning
• Non-Volatile Memory
• Waterproof for All Weather Conditions
• B.I.T.E. (Built-in Test Equipment)
indicator
• 1.8 to 30 MHz Range
• 3 to 500 watts Input Power
• 10- ms Retuning Time
• Tunes from 23 ft. Antennas at Full Power
• For Marine, Aviation, Ham, and ParaMilitary Applications
will operate with any HF
transceiver in the 1.8 to 30 MHz
range and with output power from
3 to 500 watts.
SG-235 Smartuner™ automatically evaluates
and switches 64 input and 32 output capacitance
combinations, plus 256 inductance combinations
in a “pi” network—over a half-million precision
matches. SG-235 Smartuner™ then remembers the
chosen frequency and tuning values and automatically reselects those values—in less than 10 ms,
each time you select that frequency.
Flexibility is a key feature. It is available with a
number of attractive options, including a shock
mount for military and extreme applications, plus
a 24 VDC option.
For maximum range, clarity, and flexibility,
with just about any HF-SSB, the SG-235
Smartuner™ is your smartest choice.
Cat. No. 54-15
The SGC Building 13737 S.E. 26th Street, Bellevue, WA 98005 USA
Box 3526, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA 425-746-6310 or 1-800-259-7331
FAX: 425-746-6384 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.sgcworld.com
© August 1997 SGC, Inc.